Chemical Engineering 1h Heat Transfer Tutorial 2

Remember your Equations and Symbols handout - you will need to refer to it to answer these questions.

Question 1
A counter-current heat exchanger is required to carry out the following heat transfer duty:

Cold stream temperature in 20o C and temperature out 85o C Hot stream temperature in 130o C and temperature out 55o C Overall heat transfer coecient 348 Wm2 K1 Rate of heat transfer 165800 W What is the required surface area for heat transfer? [Ans: 12m2 ] If the exchanger is to use tubes of length 1.83 m and diameter 16 mm how many would be required? [Ans: 131]

Question 2
A stream of heavy oil is being heated by passing it through the centre tube of a double pipe exchanger whilst hot water is passed down the annulus between the centre and outer pipes. The unit is experiencing problems with meeting the required outlet temperature and it is suspected that the overall heat transfer coecient used to calculate the area of the exchanger during the design phase was incorrect. Using the data given below calculate a value of the overall heat transfer coecient, based on the inner area of the centre pipe [Ans: 292Wm2 K1 ], and compare it with the assumed value of 550 Wm2 K1 to check this suspicion. Data Pipe wall material thermal conductivity = 50 W/(m K) Inner diameter of centre pipe = 21 mm Outer diameter of centre pipe = 26.7 mm Equivalent diameter of the annulus = 45 mm Heavy oil fouling factor = 0.0008 m2 K/W Hot water fouling factor = 0.0003 m2 K/W Heavy oil thermal conductivity = 0.14 W/(m K) Heavy oil density = 754 kg/m3 Heavy oil viscosity = 0.0087 kg/(m s) Heavy oil specic heat capacity = 2100 J/(kg K) Hot water thermal conductivity = 0.662 W/(m K) Hot water density = 978 kg/m3 Hot water viscosity = 0.0004 kg/(m s) Hot water specic heat capacity = 4191 J/(kg K) Velocity in centre pipe = 2 m/s Velocity in annulus = 0.7 m/s

Question 3
The feed stream to a chemical reactor is to be heated from 15o C to 100o C. The stream owrate is 165 kg/s and the material contained within it has a specic heat capacity of 3.8 kJ/(kg K). There are two streams available to carry out this duty:

1. Saturated steam at 3 bar(absolute). At this pressure the steam has a latent heat of 2164 kJ/kg and is at 133.5o C. 2. A hot process stream from within the plant which has a owrate of 100 kg/s and is avaiable at 200o C. This stream contains material with a specic heat capacity of 3.0 kJ/(kg K). The expected overall heat transfer coecients are 450 Wm2 K1 in an exchanger with steam and 300 Wm2 K1 with the process stream. Assuming that the annual operating costs of the two exchangers would be the same, with the exception of steam that costs 2 per Tonne, and that heat exchangers cost 80 per square metre which option would you select? [Ans: Scheme 2] The operating year consists of 8000 hours.