Climate Analysis RESULTS LOADS GEOMETRY Harvard Graduate School of Design Diego Ibarra, M.Arch, MDesS, Doctoral Student. Sustainable Design. Digital Workshops Series Weather Files (EPW, WEA, etc) Overview of the Weather Tool Overview of Climate Consultant 4 Demo: Visualization of EPWs using Weather Tool Demo: Editing EPWs using Excel Agenda Diego Ibarra Diego Ibarra Context: All Environmental Design starts with a comprehensive Climate Analysis. 1 2 3 4 Orientations Daylight CFD Solar rays Energy use LCA Sustainable Design It all starts by analyzing the local environmental conditions. Diego Ibarra Different GUIs for visualizing Weather Data OVERVIEW Weather Files (i.e. Energy Plus Weather Files EPW) Graphical User Interfaces Other.. Weather Data (EPW) A TMY is a data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. It consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form a complete year. Because of the selection criteria, TMYs are not appropriate for simulations of wind energy conversion systems. A TMY provides a standard for hourly data for solar radiation and other meteorological elements that permit performance comparisons of system types and configurations for one or more locations. A TMY in not necessarily a good indicator of conditions over the next year, or even the next 5 years. Rather, it represents conditions judged to be typical over a long period of time, such as 30 years. Because they represent typical rather than extreme conditions, they are not suited for designing systems and their components to meet the worst-case conditions occurring at a location. (User's Manual for TMY2s) Fundamentals: Typical Meteorological Year - A Description Diego Ibarra TMY data sets derived from the 1953 - 1975 National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), for 26 stations. TMY2 data sets derived from the 1961-1990 National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB), for 239 stations. TMY3 data sets derived from the 1961-1990 and 1991-2005 National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB), for 1020 stations. NOTE: TMY, TMY2 and TMY3 data sets cannot be used interchangeably because of differences in time (solar versus local), formats, elements, and units. Unless they are revised, programs designed for TMY data will not work with TMY2 data. All illuminance and luminance values for all TMY3 stations from January 2 to 31 should be multiplied by 100 to obtain the correct units of Lux and Candela per square meter. NREL will be posting a corrected data set in the near future (older TMY3s). Weather Data Sets Diego Ibarra WEA: Weather Data File EPW: Energy Plus Weather Data files IWEC (Data set: new International Weather for Energy Calculations format from ASHRAE) Weather Files Diego Ibarra International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC) The IWEC are the result of ASHRAE Research Project 1015 by Numerical Logics and Bodycote Materials Testing Canada for ASHRAE Technical Committee 4.2 Weather Information. The IWEC data files are 'typical' weather files suitable for use with building energy simulation programs for 227 locations outside the USA and Canada. All 227 locations in the IWEC data set are available for download in EnergyPlus weather format. The files are derived from up to 18 years of DATSAV3 hourly weather data originally archived at the U. S. National Climatic Data Center. The weather data is supplemented by solar radiation estimated on an hourly basis from earth-sun geometry and hourly weather elements, particularly cloud amount information. The IWEC CD-ROM is available from ASHRAE. The reference for the IWEC is: ASHRAE. 2001. International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC Weather Files) Users Manual and CD-ROM, Atlanta: ASHRAE Weather Files Diego Ibarra Global Irradiation is the amount of energy striking a horizontal surface during the hour. Direct Beam Irradiation gives the irradiation striking a plate perpendicular to the sun's rays but does not include diffuse radiation. Dry Bulb Temperature and Wind Speed are averaged over the hour. The Wet Bulb Temperature is the temperature shown by a thermometer bulb surrounded by a damp wick. The WBT varies from the dry bulb temperature according to the amount of evaporation and thus the humidity. Wind Direction shows the compass points from which the wind is coming. Usually measured at 10mts high at an unobstructed location (airports). Cloud Cover is a visual estimate of the proportion of cloud covering the sky. In this case it is in eights so 0 is no cloud and 8 is full cloud cover. Weather Files Diego Ibarra Hourly temperatures Solar radiation (global and direct) Humidity Wind (direction and speed) Cloud cover Weather Files summary Diego Ibarra The Weather Tool uses its own proprietary .WEA file format, also used by all Square One products. File sizes were once an issue. some ASCII weather files are larger, such as the TMY2 format for example, weighing in at over 1.2Meg. The WEA file comes in at 139K, stores roughly the same data and compresses down to less than 55K. It DOES NOT store the same number of data validation flags as EPWs, however this is not necessary for the uses to which it is put in a weather visualization tool. Be sure in the future to run energy simulations with EPW files. WeatherTool File Format: .WEA Diego Ibarra Weather data for more than 2100 locations are now available in EnergyPlus weather format 1042 locations in the USA, 71 locations in Canada, and more than 1000 locations in 100 other countries throughout the world. (Compiled from TMY, TMY2, TMY3, and other international data sets). EPW: U.S. Department of Energy Diego Ibarra Downloading EPWs Diego Ibarra Downloading EPWs Diego Ibarra Each file is named using the ISO standard three-letter country abbreviation (i.e. CUB for Cuba), followed by the location name, World Meteorological Organization designation (WMO) and the source format (CTZ2, CWEC, CityUHK, CSWD, CTYW, ETMY, IGDG, IMGW, IMS, INETI, ISHRAE, ITMY, IWEC, KISR, NIWA, RMY, SWEC, SWERA, or TMY3). Thus, CUB_Havana.782240_IWEC.epw is the EnergyPlus weather file (EPW) from the ASHRAE International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC) data for Havana, Cuba, WMO 782240. There are three files associated with each location: EnergyPlus weather files (EPW), a summary report on the data (STAT), and a compressed file (ZIP) which contains the EPW, STAT, and DDY (design conditions) files for the location. Note: all IWEC files only have STAT and ZIP files. Viewing Instructions You can view the individual EPW and STAT files by clicking on one of the buttons above. Download Instructions For a specific location, you can download either Individual weather data files (EPW format) or a data summary report (STAT format). File sizes range from 0.9 - 1.4 MB. Or a ZIP file containing both weather data and summary report, EPW, and STAT formats. Files sizes range from 190 - 250 KB. EPW: U.S. Department of Energy Diego Ibarra The Weather Tool is a visualization and analysis program for hourly climate data. It recognizes a wide range of international weather file formats. Weather Tool (Originally Square One bought by Autodesk) Graphical User Interface Diego Ibarra Very user friendly Graphical User Interface. If you are using ECOTECT, it comes with the suite. Maintains a design expression of a report or presentation. Flashy visualizations: loved by architects and great impact on clients. Easier to identify SOME patterns and subtle details that characterize each different climate. (Solar) Thresholds are less customizable and less detailed. No available detailed technical information about the passive strategies criteria (black box). Weather Tool- Benefits Diego Ibarra No available detailed technical information about the passive strategies criteria (black box). USE MAINLY TO DERIVE GENERAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS or TO CARRY OUT CLIMATE COMPARISONS. (Relative Differences) For detailed quantitative analysis the use of Climate Consultant is suggested. Weather Tool- Benefits Diego Ibarra Diego Ibarra Weather Tool Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Boston: June Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Boston: October Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Boston: December Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Boston: March Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Boston: June Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Boston: All year Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Boston: All year Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Boston: All year plan view Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Boston: view in Weather Tool Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 How to read the chart Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart: azimuth angles Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 130 Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart: Altitude Lines Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 129 Degrees Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart: Date Lines Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 July Months Dec Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart: Hour Lines Shifting the curve to the left 1 9:00am Hours Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Or just read. Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 How to read the chart Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart: temperature axis Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Temperature (C - F) Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart: temperature lines Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Temperature (C - F) Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart: absolute humidity axis Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Absolute Humidity W (g/kga) Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart. Absolute humidity lines Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Temperature W (g/kga) Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart: dew point line Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Dew point Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart: dew point line Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Dew point (condensation) 30 C 35 g/kga Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart: dew point line Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Dew point (condensation) 20 C 15 g/kga Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart: relative humidity idea Shifting the curve to the left 30 C 50 % 75 % 25 % 100 % 0 % Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart: Relative Humidity lines Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 Relative Humidity Lines Connecting the lines at each specific temperature Shifting the curve to the left 50 % 75 % 25 % Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart: WBT (wet bulb temp.) Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 More air mixture information hidden in the graph Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart: Enthalpy Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 More air mixture information hidden in the graph Joules/Kg of dry air (20.000-110.000) Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart: Specific Volume Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 More air mixture information hidden in the graph m3/Kg of dry air Diego Ibarra Psychrometric Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Comfort Zone Diego Ibarra Stereographic Chart Shifting the curve to the left 1 2 3 4 Boston: view in Weather Tool Diego Ibarra Weather Tool Weather file directory Diego Ibarra Weather Tool Data Categories Diego Ibarra Weather Tool Data visualization Diego Ibarra Weather Tool Diego Ibarra Analysis Techniques: Climate Comparison ABU DHABI: Average Dry Bulb Temperature Max: 43 C BOSTON: Average Dry Bulb Temperature Max: 20 C Diego Ibarra Analysis Techniques: Climate Comparison ABU DHABI : Direct Solar Radiation Max. aprox: 900 W/m2 BOSTON: Direct Solar Radiation Max. aprox: 500 W/m2 Diego Ibarra Sun position 22 October 8:30pm -117.3, 26.7 Sun position 19 November 12:00pm -177.8, 46.3 Sun position 22 October 4:30pm -103.8, 21.5 South : 956 kWh/m2/a East : 778 kWh/m2/a -132 Degrees: 1,083 kWh/m2/a North : 343 kWh/m2/a Analysis Techniques: Absolute values Developed by the Department of Architecture and Urban Design. University of California, Los Angeles. Graphically displays climate data in either metric or imperial units in dozens of ways useful to architects. Climate Consultant 4 Graphical User Interface Diego Ibarra Easier to identify unique patterns and subtle details that characterize each different climate. Thresholds and comfort zones are more flexible. In contrast to The Weather Tool, detailed technical information about the passive strategies criteria is documented and freely available. Climate Consultant 4 - Benefits Diego Ibarra The Wind Wheel graphics shows velocity and direction correlated with temperature and humidity, and can be animated hourly or daily or monthly. The psychrometric analysis recommends the most appropriate passive design strategies as outlined in Givonis Man Climate and Architecture. Climate Consultant is written in Java and runs on both Windows and Mac OS X computers. Climate Consultant 4 Diego Ibarra Diego Ibarra Climate Consultant 4 Diego Ibarra Climate Consultant 4 Diego Ibarra Climate Consultant 4 It now calculates a set of the top 20 Design Guidelines based on your unique climate and the passive design strategies you selected on the Psychrometric Chart. Each Guideline has a sketch illustrating how it applies. The Guidelines and their accompanying sketches were based in part on Watson and Labs Climatic Building Design, and on Loftness,.et.al, Regional Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes. Diego Ibarra Top 20 Passive Design Guidelines GSD 6413 ZED WORKSHOP RESEARCH NAME 18 SEP 2009 * source: Energy center of Wisconsin Diego Ibarra Selecting Passive Strategies must take into account the building typology/use Vista users sometimes have installation problems. In the current version, the C:\Program Files has a stringent security mechanism that has resulted in many complaints. Users cannot explicitly create files in this directory hierarchy. Vista 7 may allow users to lower this level of security. Here is a workaround. When you install the program, explicitly change the target directory to C:\CC4 in order to bypass the C:\Program Files security restriction then the installation should finish without error. Windows VISTA installation issues Diego Ibarra For more information download the technical paper for Climate Consultant: Climate Consultant 3.0: A Tool for Visualizing Building Energy Implications of Climates Murray Milne, Robin Liggett, and Rashed Al-Shaali, Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Association Conference, Cleveland, Ohio, July, 2007. http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/papers.html Developers: Professor Murray Milne Department of Architecture and Urban Design University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90095-1467 milne@ucla.edu Technical Paper Climate Consultant Diego Ibarra Demo Diego Ibarra The Weather Tool Climate Consultant 4 Importing EPWs Editing EPWs in Excel Questions dibarra@gsd.harvard.edu Diego Ibarra