Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 235 (2011) 46014610

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Journal of Computational and Applied
Mathematics
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cam
Extension of gamma, beta and hypergeometric functions
Emine zergin

, Mehmet Ali zarslan, Abdullah Altn

Eastern Mediterranean University, Department of Mathematics, Gazimagusa, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 29 December 2009
Received in revised form 13 April 2010
Keywords:
Gamma function
Beta function
Hypergeometric function
Confluent hypergeometric function
Mellin transform
a b s t r a c t
The main object of this paper is to present generalizations of gamma, beta and
hypergeometric functions. Some recurrence relations, transformation formulas, operation
formulas and integral representations are obtained for these new generalizations.
2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
In recent years, some extensions of the well known special functions have been considered by several authors [17]. In
1994, Chaudhry and Zubair [1] have introduced the following extension of gamma function

p
(x) :=

0
t
x1
exp
_
t pt
1
_
dt, (1)
Re(p) > 0.
In 1997, Chaudhry et al. [2] presented the following extension of Eulers beta function
B
p
(x, y) :=

1
0
t
x1
(1 t)
y1
exp
_

p
t(1 t)
_
dt, (2)
(Re(p) > 0, Re(x) > 0, Re(y) > 0)
and they proved that this extension has connections with the Macdonald, error and Whittakers function. It is clearly seem
that
0
(x) = (x) and B
0
(x, y) = B (x, y). Afterwards, Chaudhry et al. [8] used B
p
(x, y) to extend the hypergeometric
functions (and confluent hypergeometric functions) as follows:
F
p
(a, b; c; z) =

n=0
B
p
(b +n, c b)
B (b, c b)
(a)
n
z
n
n!
p 0; Re(c) > Re(b) > 0,

p
(b; c; z) =

n=0
B
p
(b +n, c b)
B (b, c b)
z
n
n!
p 0; Re(c) > Re(b) > 0,

Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 5428565066; fax: +90 3923651604.

E-mail addresses: emine.ozergin@emu.edu.tr (E. zergin), mehmetali.ozarslan@emu.edu.tr (M.A. zarslan), abdullah.altin@emu.edu.tr (A. Altn).
0377-0427/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.cam.2010.04.019
4602 E. zergin et al. / Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 235 (2011) 46014610
where ()

denotes the Pochhammer symbol defined by

()
0
1 and ()

:=
( +)
()
and gave the Euler type integral representation
F
p
(a, b; c; z) =
1
B (b, c b)

1
0
t
b1
(1 t)
cb1
(1 zt)
a
exp
_

p
t(1 t)
_
dt
p > 0; p = 0 and |arg (1 z)| < < p; Re(c) > Re(b) > 0.
They called these functions extended Gauss hypergeometric function (EGHF) and extended confluent hypergeometric
function (ECHF), respectively. They have discussed the differentiation properties and Mellin transforms of F
p
(a, b; c; z) and
obtained transformation formulas, recurrence relations, summation and asymptotic formulas for this function. Note that
F
0
(a, b; c; z) =
2
F
1
(a, b; c; z).
In this paper, we consider the following generalizations of gamma and Eulers beta functions

(, )
p
(x) :=

0
t
x1
1
F
1
_
; ; t
p
t
_
dt (3)
Re() > 0, Re() > 0, Re(p) > 0, Re(x) > 0,
B
(, )
p
(x, y) :=

1
0
t
x1
(1 t)
y1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt, (4)
(Re(p) > 0, Re(x) > 0, Re(y) > 0, Re() > 0, Re() > 0)
respectively. It is obvious by (1), (3) and (2), (4) that,
(,)
p
(x) =
p
(x),
(,)
0
(x) = (x), B
(,)
p
(x, y) = B
p
(x, y) and
B
(, )
0
(x, y) = B (x, y) .
In Section 2, different integral representations and some properties of newgeneralized Eulers beta function are obtained.
Additionally, relations of new generalized gamma and beta functions are discussed. In Section 3, we generalize the
hypergeometric function and confluent hypergeometric function, using B
(, )
p
(x, y) obtain the integral representations
of this new generalized Gauss hypergeometric functions. Furthermore we discussed the differentiation properties, Mellin
transforms, transformation formulas, recurrence relations, summation formulas for these new hypergeometric functions.
2. Some properties of gamma and beta functions
It is important and useful to obtain different integral representations of the new generalized beta function, for later use.
Also it is useful to discuss the relationships between classical gamma functions and newgeneralizations. For p = 0, we have
the following integral representation for
(, )
p
(x).
Theorem 2.1. For the new generalized gamma function, we have

(, )
p
(s) =
()
() ( )

1
0

p
2 (s)
s1
(1 )
1
d.
Proof. Using the integral representation of confluent hypergeometric function, we have

(, )
p
(s) =
()
() ( )

1
0
u
s1
e
ut
pt
u
t
1
(1 t)
1
dtdu.
Now using a one-to-one transformation (except possibly at the boundaries and maps the region onto itself) = ut, = t
in the above equality and considering that the Jacobian of the transformation is J =
1

, we get

(, )
p
(s) =
()
() ( )

1
0
v
s1
e
v
p
2
v
dv
s1
(1 )
1
d.
From the uniform convergence of the integrals, the order of integration can be interchanged to yield that

(, )
p
(s) =
()
() ( )

1
0
_

0
v
s1
e
v
p
2
v
dv
_

s1
(1 )
1
d
=
()
() ( )

1
0

p
2 (s)
s1
(1 )
1
d.
Whence the result.
E. zergin et al. / Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 235 (2011) 46014610 4603
The case p = 0 in the above Theorem gives (see [9, p. 192])

(, )
(s) =
()
() ( )

1
0
(s)
s1
(1 )
1
d =
() ( s) (s)
() ( s)
. (5)
The next theorem gives the Mellin transform representation of the function B
(, )
p
(x, y) in terms of the ordinary beta
function and
(, )
(s) .
Theorem 2.2. Mellin transform representation of the new generalized beta function is given by

0
p
s1
B
(, )
p
(x, y) dp = B(s +x, y +s)
(, )
(s), (6)
Re(s) > 0, Re(x +s) > 0, Re(y +s) > 0,
Re(p) > 0, Re() > 0, Re() > 0.
Proof. Multiplying (4) by p
s1
and integrating with respect to p from p = 0 to p = , we get

0
p
s1
B
(, )
p
(x, y) dp =

0
p
s1

1
0
t
x1
(1 t)
y1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dtdp. (7)
From the uniform convergence of the integral, the order of integration in (7) can be interchanged. Therefore, we have

0
p
s1
B
(, )
p
(x, y) dp =

1
0
t
x1
(1 t)
y1

0
p
s1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dpdt. (8)
Now using the one-to-one transformation (except possibly at the boundaries and maps the region onto itself) =
p
t(1t)
, = t in (8), we get,

0
p
s1
B
(, )
p
(x, y) dp =

1
0

(s+x)1
(1 )
(y+s)1
d

s1
1
F
1
(; ; )d.
Therefore, using (5), we have

0
p
s1
B
(, )
p
(x, y) dp = B(s +x, y +s)
(, )
(s).
Corollary 2.3. By the Mellin inversion formula, we have the following complex integral representation for B
(, )
p
(x, y):
B
(, )
p
(x, y) =
1
2i

i
i
B(s +x, y +s)
(, )
(s) p
s
ds.
Remark 2.1. Putting s = 1 and considering that
(, )
(1) =
() (1)
() (1)
in (6), we get

0
B
(, )
p
(x, y) dp = B(x +1, y +1)
() ( 1)
() ( 1)
.
Letting B
(,)
p
(x, y) = B
p
(x, y), it reduces to Chaudhrys [2] interesting relation

0
B
p
(x, y) dp = B(x +1, y +1),
Re(x) > 1, Re(y) > 1,
between the classical and the extended beta functions.
Theorem 2.4. For the new generalized beta function, we have the following integral representations:
B
(, )
p
(x, y) = 2

/2
0
cos
2x1
sin
2y1

1
F
1
_
; ; p sec
2
csc
2

_
d,
B
(, )
p
(x, y) =

0
u
x1
(1 +u)
x+y
1
F
1
_
; ; 2p p
_
u +
1
u
__
du.
4604 E. zergin et al. / Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 235 (2011) 46014610
Proof. Letting t = cos
2
in (4), we get
B
(, )
p
(x, y) =

1
0
t
x1
(1 t)
y1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt
= 2

/2
0
cos
2x1
sin
2y1

1
F
1
(; ; p sec
2
csc
2
)d.
On the other hand, letting t =
u
1+u
in (4), we get
B
(, )
p
(x, y) =

1
0
t
x1
(1 t)
y1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt
=

0
u
x1
(1 +u)
x+y
1
F
1
_
; ; 2p p
_
u +
1
u
__
du.
Theorem 2.5. For the new generalized beta function, we have the following functional relation:
B
(, )
p
(x, y +1) +B
(, )
p
(x +1, y) = B
(, )
p
(x, y) .
Proof. Direct calculations yield
B
(, )
p
(x, y +1) +B
(, )
p
(x +1, y) =

1
0
t
x
(1 t)
y1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt
+

1
0
t
x1
(1 t)
y
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt
=

1
0
_
t
x
(1 t)
y1
+t
x1
(1 t)
y
_
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt
=

1
0
t
x1
(1 t)
y1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt = B
(, )
p
(x, y) .
Whence the result.
Theorem 2.6. For the product of two new generalized gamma function, we have the following integral representation:

(, )
p
(x)
(, )
p
(y) = 4

2
0

0
r
2(x+y)1
cos
2x1
sin
2y1

1
F
1
_
; ; r
2
cos
2

p
r
2
cos
2

_
1
F
1
_
; ; r
2
sin
2

p
r
2
sin
2

_
drd. (9)
Proof. Substituting t =
2
in (3), we get

(, )
p
(x) = 2

2x1
1
F
1
_
; ;
2

2
_
d.
Therefore

(, )
p
(x)
(, )
p
(y) = 4

2x1

2y1
1
F
1
_
; ;
2

2
_
1
F
1
_
; ;
2

2
_
dd.
Letting = r cos and = r sin in the above equality,

(, )
p
(x)
(, )
p
(y) = 4

2
0

0
r
2(x+y)1
cos
2x1
sin
2y1

1
F
1
_
; ; r
2
cos
2

p
r
2
cos
2

_
1
F
1
_
; ; r
2
sin
2

p
r
2
sin
2

_
drd.
Remark 2.2. Putting p = 0 and = in (9), we get the classical relation between the gamma and beta functions:
B (x, y) =
(x) (y)
(x +y)
.
E. zergin et al. / Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 235 (2011) 46014610 4605
Theorem 2.7. For the new generalized beta function, we have the following summation relation:
B
(, )
p
(x, 1 y) =

n=0
(y)
n
n!
B
(, )
p
(x +n, 1) ,
Re(p) > 0.
Proof. From the definition of the new generalized beta function, we get
B
(, )
p
(x, 1 y) =

1
0
t
x1
(1 t)
y
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt.
Using the following binomial series expansion
(1 t)
y
=

n=0
(y)
n
t
n
n!
,
|t| < 1,
we obtain
B
(, )
p
(x, 1 y) =

1
0

n=0
(y)
n
n!
t
x+n1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt.
Therefore, interchanging the order of integration and summation and then using (4), we obtain
B
(, )
p
(x, 1 y) =

n=0
(y)
n
n!

1
0
t
x+n1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt,
=

n=0
(y)
n
n!
B
(,)
p
(x +n, 1) .
Now we obtain differential recurrence relations for generalized gamma and generalized beta functions defined by (3)
and (4), respectively.
Theorem 2.8. For the generalized gamma function, we have the following recurrence relation:
d
2
_

(, )
p
(x +5)
_
dp
2
+p
d
2
_

(, )
p
(x +3)
_
dp
2

d
_

(,)
p
(x +2)
_
dp

d
_

(, )
p
(x +3)
_
dp
p
d
_

(, )
p
(x +1)
_
dp
+
(, )
p
(x) = 0.
Proof. Taking derivatives under the integral symbol by using the Leibnitz rule, we get
d
2
_

(, )
p
(x +5)
_
dp
2
+p
d
2
_

(, )
p
(x +3)
_
dp
2

d
_

(, )
p
(x +2)
_
dp

d
_

(, )
p
(x +3)
_
dp
p
d
_

(, )
p
(x +1)
_
dp
+
(, )
p
(x)
=

0
t
x1
_
_
t
3
+pt
_
d
2
z
dp
2
+
_
t
2
+t +p
_
dz
dp
+z
_
dt,
where z =
1
F
1
_
; ; t
p
t
_
. On the other hand, since z =
1
F
1
_
; ; t
p
t
_
is a solution of the equation
_
t
3
+pt
_
d
2
z
dp
2
+
_
t
2
+t +p
_
dz
dp
+z = 0,
we get the result.
4606 E. zergin et al. / Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 235 (2011) 46014610
Theorem 2.9. For the generalized beta function, we have the following recurrence relation:
p
d
2
_
B
(, )
p
(x +3, y +3)
_
dp
2
+
d
_
B
(, )
p
(x +2, y +2)
_
dp
+p
d
_
B
(, )
p
(x +1, y +1)
_
dp
+B
(, )
p
(x, y) = 0.
Proof. Let S denote the left-hand side of the above assertion. Taking derivatives under the integral symbol in (4) by using
the Leibnitz rule, we get
S =

1
0
t
x1
(1 t)
y1
_
pt(1 t)
d
2
z
dp
2
+(t(1 t) +p)
dz
dp
+z
_
dt,
where z =
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1t)
_
. Since z =
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1t)
_
is a solution of the equation
pt(1 t)
d
2
z
dp
2
+(t(1 t) +p)
dz
dp
+z = 0,
we get the result.
3. Generalized Gauss hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions
In this section we use the new generalization (4) of beta functions to generalize the hypergeometric and confluent
hypergeometric functions defined by
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) :=

n=0
(a)
n
B
(, )
p
(b +n, c b)
B (b, c b)
z
n
n!
and
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b; c; z) :=

n=0
B
(, )
p
(b +n, c b)
B (b, c b)
z
n
n!
,
respectively.
We call the F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) by the generalized Gauss hypergeometric function (GGHF) and
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b; c; z) by the
generalized confluent hypergeometric function (GCHF).
Observe that [8],
F
(,)
p
(a, b; c; z) = F
p
(a, b; c; z) ,
F
(, )
0
(a, b; c; z) =
2
F
1
(a, b; c; z) ,
and
1
F
(,;p)
1
(b; c; z) =
1
F
(p)
1
(b; c; z) =
p
(b; c; z) ,
1
F
(, ;0)
1
(b; c; z) =
1
F
1
(b; c; z) .
3.1. Integral representations of the GGHF and GCHF
The GGHF can be provided with an integral representation by using the definition of the new generalized beta function
(4). We get
Theorem 3.1. For the GGHF, we have the following integral representations:
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) :=
1
B(b, c b)

1
0
t
b1
(1 t)
cb1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t (1 t)
_
(1 zt)
a
dt, (10)
Re(p) > 0; p = 0 and |arg (1 z)| < ; Re(c) > Re(b) > 0;
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) :=
1
B (b, c b)

0
u
b1
(1 +u)
ac
[1 +u(1 z)]
a
1
F
1
_
; ; 2p p
_
u +
1
u
__
du,
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) :=
2
B (b, c b)

2
0
sin
2b1
cos
2c2b1

_
1 z sin
2

_
a
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
sin
2
cos
2

_
d.
E. zergin et al. / Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 235 (2011) 46014610 4607
Proof. Direct calculations yield
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) :=

n=0
(a)
n
B
(, )
p
(b +n, c b)
B(b, c b)
z
n
n!
=
1
B(b, c b)

n=0
(a)
n

1
0
t
b+n1
(1 t)
cb1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
z
n
n!
dt
=
1
B(b, c b)

1
0
t
b1
(1 t)
cb1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_

n=0
(a)
n
(zt)
n
n!
dt
=
1
B(b, c b)

1
0
t
b1
(1 t)
cb1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t (1 t)
_
(1 zt)
a
dt.
Setting u =
t
1t
in (10), we get
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) =
1
B (b, c b)

0
u
b1
(1 +u)
ac
[1 +u(1 z)]
a
1
F
1
_
; ; 2p p
_
u +
1
u
__
du.
On the other hand, substituting t = sin
2
in (10), we have
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) =
2
B (b, c b)

2
0
sin
2b1
cos
2c2b1

_
1 z sin
2

_
a
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
sin
2
cos
2

_
d.
A similar procedure yields an integral representation of the GCHF by using the definition of the new generalized beta
function.
Theorem 3.2. For the GCHF, we have the following integral representations:
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b; c; z) :=
1
B(b, c b)

1
0
t
b1
(1 t)
cb1
e
zt
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t (1 t)
_
dt, (11)
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b; c; z) :=

1
0
(1 u)
b1
u
cb1
B (b, c b)
e
z(1u)
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
u(1 u)
_
du,
p 0; and Re(c) > Re(b) > 0.
Remark 3.1. Putting p = 0 in (10) and (11), we get the integral representations of the classical GHF and CHF.
3.2. Differentiation formulas for the new GGHFs and new GCHFs
In this section, by using the formulas B(b, c b) =
c
b
B(b + 1, c b) and (a)
n+1
= a (a +1)
n
, we obtain new formulas
including derivatives of GGHF and GCHF with respect to the variable z.
Theorem 3.3. For GGHF, we have the following differentiation formula:
d
n
dz
n
_
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z)
_
=
(b)
n
(a)
n
(c)
n
F
(, )
p
(a +n, b +n; c +n; z) .
Proof. Taking the derivative of F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) with respect to z, we obtain
d
dz
_
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z)
_
=
d
dz
_

n=0
(a)
n
B
(, )
p
(b +n, c b)
B(b, c b)
z
n
n!
_
=

n=1
(a)
n
B
(, )
p
(b +n, c b)
B(b, c b)
z
n1
(n 1)!
.
Replacing n n +1, we get
d
dz
_
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z)
_
=
ba
c

n=0
(a +1)
n
B
(, )
p
(b +n +1, c b)
B(b +1, c b)
z
n
n!
=
ba
c
F
(, )
p
(a +1, b +1; c +1; z) .
4608 E. zergin et al. / Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 235 (2011) 46014610
Recursive application of this procedure gives us the general form:
d
n
dz
n
_
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z)
_
=
(b)
n
(a)
n
(c)
n
F
(, )
p
(a +n, b +n; c +n; z) .
Theorem 3.4. For GCHF, we have the following differentiation formula:
d
n
dz
n
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b; c; z) =
(b)
n
(c)
n
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b +n; c +n; z) .
3.3. Mellin transform representation of the GGHFs and GCHFs
In this section, we obtain the Mellin transform representations of the GGHF and GCHF.
Theorem 3.5. For the GGHF, we have the following Mellin transform representation:
M
_
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) : s
_
:=

(, )
(s)B(b +s, c +s b)
B(b, c b)
2
F
1
(a, b +s; c +2s; z) .
Proof. To obtain the Mellin transform, we multiply both sides of (10) by p
s1
and integrate with respect to p over the interval
[0, ). Thus we get
M
_
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) : s
_
:=

0
p
s1
F
(,)
p
(a, b; c; z) dp
=
1
B(b, c b)

1
0
t
b1
(1 t)
cb1
(1 zt)
a
_

0
p
s1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dp
_
dt. (12)
Since substituting u =
p
t(1t)
in (12),

0
p
s1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dp =

0
u
s1
t
s
(1 t)
s
1
F
1
(; ; u) du
= t
s
(1 t)
s

0
1
F
1
(; ; u) du
= t
s
(1 t)
s

(, )
(s).
Thus we get
M
_
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) : s
_
=
1
B(b, c b)

1
0
t
b+s1
(1 t)
c+sb1
(1 zt)
a

(, )
(s)dt
=

(, )
(s)B(b +s, c +s b)
B(b, c b)
1
B(b +s, c +s b)

1
0
t
b+s1
(1 t)
c+2s(b+s)1
(1 zt)
a
dt
=

(, )
(s)B(b +s, c +s b)
B(b, c b)
2
F
1
(a, b +s; c +2s; z) .
Corollary 3.6. By the Mellin inversion formula, we have the following complex integral representation for F
(, )
p
:
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) =
1
2i

i
i

(, )
(s)B(b +s, c +s b)
B(b, c b)
2
F
1
(a, b +s; c +2s; z) p
s
ds.
Theorem 3.7. For the new GCHF, we have the following Mellin transform representation:
M
_
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b; c; z) : s
_
:=

(, )
(s)B(b +s, c +s b)
B(b, c b)
1
F
1
(b +s; c +2s; z) .
Corollary 3.8. By the Mellin inversion formula, we have the following complex integral representation for
1
F
(, ;p)
1
:
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b; c; z) =
1
2i

i
i

(, )
(s)B(b +s, c +s b)
B(b, c b)
1
F
1
(b +s; c +2s; z) p
s
ds.
E. zergin et al. / Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 235 (2011) 46014610 4609
3.4. Transformation formulas
Theorem 3.9. For the new GGHF, we have the following transformation formula:
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) = (1 z)
a
F
(, )
p
_
a, c b; b;
z
z 1
_
,
|arg(1 z)| < .
Proof. By writing
[1 z(1 t)]
a
= (1 z)
a
_
1 +
z
1 z
t
_
a
and replacing t 1 t in (10), we obtain
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) =
(1 z)
a
B(b, c b)

1
0
(1 t)
b1
t
cb1
_
1
z
z 1
t
_
a
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt
Re(p) > 0; p = 0 and |z| < ; Re(c) > Re(b) > 0.
Hence,
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) = (1 z)
a
F
(, )
p
_
a, c b; b;
z
z 1
_
.
Remark 3.2. Note that, replacing z by 1
1
z
in Theorem 3.9, one easily obtains the following transformation formula
F
(, )
p
_
a, b; c; 1
1
z
_
= z

F
(, )
p
(a, c b; b; 1 z)
|arg(z)| < .
Furthermore, replacing z by
z
1+z
in Theorem 3.9, we get the following transformation formula
F
(, )
p
_
a, b; c;
z
1 +z
_
= (1 +z)
a
F
(, )
p
(a, c b; b; z)
|arg(1 +z)| < .
Theorem 3.10. For the new GCHF, we have the following transformation formula:
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b; c; z) = exp(z)
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(c b; c; z) .
Remark 3.3. Setting z = 1 in (10), we have the following relation between newdefined hypergeometric and beta functions:
F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; 1) =
1
B(b, c b)

1
0
t
b1
(1 t)
cab1
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1 t)
_
dt
=
B
(, )
p
(b, c a b)
B(b, c b)
.
3.5. Differential recurrence relations for GGHFs and GCHFs
In this subsection we obtain some differential recurrence relations for GGHFs and GCHFs. We start with the following
theorem:
Theorem 3.11. For GGHFs we have the following recurrence relation:
pB(b +3, c b +3)
d
2
F
(, )
p
(a, b +3; c +6; z)
dp
2
B(b +2, c b +2)
dF
(, )
p
(a, b +2; c +4; z)
dp
pB(b +1, c b +1)
dF
(, )
p
(a, b +1; c +2; z)
dp
+F
(, )
p
(a, b; c; z) = 0.
4610 E. zergin et al. / Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 235 (2011) 46014610
Proof. Let S denote the left-hand side of the above assertion. Taking derivatives under the integral symbol in (10) by using
the Leibnitz rule, we get
S =

1
0
t
x1
(1 t)
y1
_
pt(1 t)
d
2
z
dp
2
+(t(1 t) +p)
dz
dp
+z
_
dt,
where z =
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1t)
_
. Since z =
1
F
1
_
; ;
p
t(1t)
_
is a solution of the equation
pt(1 t)
d
2
z
dp
2
+(t(1 t) +p)
dz
dp
+z = 0,
we get the result.
In a similar manner, we have the following for GCHFs:
Theorem 3.12. For GCHFs we have the following recurrence relation:
pB(b +3, c b +3)
d
2
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b +3; c +6; z)
dp
2
B(b +2, c b +2)
d
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b +2; c +4; z)
dp
pB(b +1, c b +1)
d
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b +1; c +2; z)
dp
+
1
F
(, ;p)
1
(b; c; z) = 0.
4. Concluding remarks
By using the CHF, we have defined generalizations of gamma and beta functions. In their special cases, these
generalizations include the extension of gamma and beta functions which were proposed in [1,2], respectively. Using
the generalization of the beta function, we have generalized GHF and CHF, which include extended hypergeometric and
confluent hypergeometric functions considered in [8]. We have investigated some properties of these generalized functions,
most of which are analogous with the original functions.
Most of the special functions of mathematical physics and engineering, such as Jacobi and Laguerre polynomials can be
expressed in terms of GHF or CHF. Therefore, the corresponding extensions of several other familiar special functions are
expected to be useful and need to be investigated.
Acknowledgements
The author is very grateful to the anonymous referees for many valuable comments and suggestions which helped to
improve the draft. The present investigation was supported, in part, by the Ministry of National Education of TRNC under
project MEKB-09-01.
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