1st Home Assignment on Computer Networks (IT 602)

1. (a) Explain the utility of layered network architecture. Compare OSI and TCP/IP reference model. (b) Sketch the waveform for the bit stream 10110010 in NRZ-L, NRZ-I, Manchester, differential Manchester encoding format. [6+4=10] 2. (a) What are the advantages of block codes like 4B/5B and 8B/10B? Under what circumstances they are used? (b) Consider a PCM encoder which samples an input analog signal at the rate 10 KHz, and digitizes each sample in 8 bits. What will be the required data rate for the communication channel? (c) An error correcting code has the following code words: 00000 01011 10101 11110 What is the maximum number of bit errors that can be corrected? (d) In a packet switched network, packets are routed from source to destination along a single path having two intermediate nodes. If message size is 24 bytes and each packet contains a header of 3 bytes, then find the optimum packet size. [2+2+3+3=10] 3. (a) Assume that a voice channel occupies a bandwidth of 4 KHz. We need to combine three voice channels into a link with a bandwidth of 12 KHz, from 20 to 32 KHz. Show the configuration using the frequency domain without the use of guard bands. (b) Five channels, each with a 100-KHz bandwidth, are to be multiplexed together. What is the minimum bandwidth of the link if there is a need for a guard band of 10 KHz between the channels to prevent interference? (c) Four 1-Kbps connections are multiplexed together. A unit is 1 bit. Find (1) the duration of 1 bit before multiplexing, (2) the transmission rate of the link, (3) the duration of a time slot, and (4) the duration of a frame? (d) Four channels are multiplexed using TDM. If each channel sends 100 bytes/s and we multiplex 1 byte per channel, show the frame traveling on the link, the size of the frame, the duration of a frame, the frame rate, and the bit rate for the link. (e) What is QAM ? Why is it better than PSK [2+2+2+2+2=10]

4. a) What is the purpose of multiplex? FDM is for analog signals, TDM is for digital signals. Explain why?b) What should be the link capacity to multiplex 3 input signals each of 300 bits per . c) Given a 10 bit sequence 1010011110 and a divisor of 1011 , find the CRC. Check your answer. [3+3+4=10] 5. Draw the system state diagram of Stop-and-Wait ARQ . Compare the operation of Stop-and-Wait ARQ with bidirectional Go-Back-N ARQ with a window size of 1. Sketch out a sequence of frame exchanges using each of these protocols and observe how the protocols react to the loss of an information frame and to the loss of an acknowledgment frame. [4+6=10]