7th MathLinks Contest

Round 1

1. Given is an acute triangle ABC and the points A1 , B1 , C1 , that are the feet of its altitudes from A, B, C respectively. A circle passes through A1 and B1 and touches the smaller arc AB of the circumcircle of ABC in point C2 . Points A2 and B2 are dened analogously. Prove that the lines A1 A2 , B1 B2 , C1 C2 have a common point, which lies on the Euler line of ABC . 2. Let a, b, c, d be four distinct positive integers in arithmetic progression. Prove that abcd is not a perfect square. 3. We are given the nite sets X, A1 , A2 , . . . , An1 and the functions fi : X Ai . A vector (x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ) X n is called nice, if fi (xi ) = fi (xi+1 ), for each 1, 2, . . . , n 1. Prove that the number of nice vectors is at least |X |n
n1 i=1

|Ai |

7th MathLinks Contest

Round 2

1. Let k be an integer, k 2, and let p1 , p2 , . . . , pk be positive reals with p1 + p2 + . . . + pk = 1. Suppose we have a collection (A1,1 , A1,2 , . . . , A1,k ), (A2,1 , A2,2 , . . . , A2,k ), . . . ,(Am,1 , Am,2 , . . . , Am,k ) of k -tuples of nite sets satisfying the following two properties: (i) for every i and every j = j , Ai,j Ai,j = , and (ii) for every i = i there exist j = j for which Ai,j Ai,j = . Prove that
m k

pa
b=1 a=1

|Ab,a |

1.

2. For a prime p an a positive integer n, denote by p (n) the exponent of in the prime factorization of n!. Given a positive integer d and a nite set {p1 , p2 , . . . , pk } of primes, show that there are innitely many positive integers n such that pi (n) 0 (mod d), for all 1 i k. 3. Let ABC be a given triangle with the incenter I , and denote by X, Y, Z the intersections of the lines AI, BI, CI with the sides BC, CA and AB , respectively. Consider Ka the circle tangent simultaneously to the sidelines AB, AC , and internally to the circumcircle C (O) of ABC , and let A be the tangency point of Ka with C . Similarly dene, B , and C . Prove that the circumcircles of triangles AXA , BY B , and CZC all pass through two distinct points.

7th MathLinks Contest

Round 3

1. Let p be a prime and let d {0, 1, . . . , p}. Prove that

p1 k=0

2k k+d

(mod p),

where r p d (mod 3), r {1, 0, 1}. 2. Prove that for positive integers x, y, z the number x2 + y 2 + z 2 is not divisible by 3(xy + yz + zx). 3. Find the greatest positive real number k such that the inequality below holds for any positive real numbers a, b, c: a b c b c 3 a + + 3k + + . b c a b+c c+a a+b 2

7th MathLinks Contest

Round 4

1. Let A, B, C, D, E be ve distinct points, such that no three of them lie on the same line. Prove that AB + BC + CA + DE < AD + AE + BD + BE + CD + CE.

2. Find the number of nite sequences {a1 , a2 , . . . , a2n+1 }, formed with nonnegative integers, for which a1 = a2n+1 = 0 and |ak ak+1 | = 1, for all k {1, 2, . . . , 2n}. 3. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that ab + bc + ca = 3. Prove that 1 1 1 3 + + . 1 + a2 (b + c) 1 + b2 (c + a) 1 + c2 (a + b) 1 + 2abc

7th MathLinks Contest

Round 5

1. Find all real polynomials g (x) of degree at most n 3, n 3, knowing that all the roots of the polynomial n(n 1) n2 f (x) = xn + nxn1 + x + g (x) 2 are real.
b, T c 2. Let A be an arbitrary point on the side BC of a triangle ABC . Denote by TA A the circles simultaneously tangent to AA , A B, and AA , A C, , respectively, where is b , T c are congruent if and only if AA passes through the circumcircle of ABC . Prove that TA A the Nagel point of triangle ABC .

(If M, N, P are the points of tangency of the excircles of the triangle ABC with the sides of the triangle BC, CA and AB respectively, then the Nagel point of the triangle is the intersection point of the lines AM, BN and CP .) 3. If a b c d > 0 such that abcd = 1, then prove that 1 1 3 1 . + + 1+a 1+b 1+c 1 + 3 abc

7th MathLinks Contest

Round 6

1. Let {xn }n1 be a sequences, given by x1 = 1, x2 = 2 and xn+2 = x2 n+1 + 3 . xn

Prove that x2008 is the sum of two perfect squares. 2. Find all functions f, g : Q Q such that for all rational numbers x, y we have f (f (x) + g (y )) = g (f (x)) + y.

3. Let be the circumcircle of triangle ABC . Let D be the point at which the incircle of ABC touches its side BC . Let M be the point on such that the line AM is parallel to BC . Also, let P be the point at which the circle tangent to the segments AB and AC and to the circle touches . Prove that the points P, D, M are collinear.

7th MathLinks Contest

Round 7

1. Find all pairs of positive integers a, b such that b2 + b + 1 0 (mod a)

a2 + a + 1 0 (mod b).

2. Prove that the set of all the points with both coordinates begin rational numbers can be written as a reunion of two disjoint sets A and B such that any line that that is parallel with Ox, and respectively Oy intersects A, and respectively B in a nite number of points. 3. Let n be a positive integer, and let M = {1, 2, . . . , 2n}. Find the minimal positive integer m , such that no matter how we choose the subsets Ai M, 1 i m, with the properties: (1)|Ai Aj | 1, for all i = j , (2)
m i=1 Ai

= M,

we can always nd two subsets Ak and Al such that Ak Al = M (here |X | represents the number of elements in the set X .)