De Agung Demang

5112100178/Matdis E

Permutation and Combination

Binomial Coefficient
20. Suppose that k and n are ntegers with 1 k n. prove the hexagon identity

n 1
k 1

n
k 1

n 1
k

n 1
n
n 1

k k 1 k 1

Which relates terms in Pascals triangle that form a hexagon.

Proved :

n 1
k 1

n
k 1

n 1
k

n 1
k

n
k 1

n 1
k 1

n 1!
n !
n 1! n 1!
n 1!
n!
k 1! n 1 k 1 ! n k 1 ! k 1! n 1 k !k ! k ! n 1 k ! n k 1! k 1! n k ! k 1!
a c a c
Nb :
b d d b
jadi,

n 1!
n !
n 1! n 1!
n 1!
n!
k 1! n k ! n k 1! k 1! n 1 k !k ! k ! n 1 k ! n k 1! k 1! n k ! k 1!
n 1!
n !
n 1! n 1!
n !
n 1!
k 1! n k ! n k 1! k 1! n 1 k !k ! k 1! n k ! n k 1! k 1! n 1 k !k !
25. Let n be a positive integer. Show that

2n
n 1

2nn 2nn12

Proved :

Theorem 2 : Pascal Identity
n 1
k

n
k 1

n
k

1
2

De Agung Demang
5112100178/Matdis E

2n
n

2n
n 1

2n2
n 1

12

2n
n

2 n 1
n 1

2n
n 1

2n 2 2n 1!
2n 2 n 1!n !
2n 2 !

2 n 1 n ! n 1 !
2n 2 !

2 n 1 ! n 1!

2n n1 2

28. Show that if n is a positive integer, then

1
2

2 n
2n
2

n
2

by using algebric manipulation.

Prove :

2n !
n!
2
n2
2n 2 !2! n 2 !2!
2n 2n 1 2n 2 ! 2n n 1 n 2 !

2n 2 !2
n 2 !2
n 2n 1 n n 1 n 2
2n 2 n n 2 n n 2
2n 2 n 2n 2 n

De Agung Demang
5112100178/Matdis E