WTO- information

http://www.ijphr.ukm.my/Manuscript/archive%20communityhealthjournal.org/jilid10-2phuakailit.pdf http://www.mbam.org.my/mbam/images/@WTO%20(70-77).pdf http://www.unescap.org/pdd/publications/apdj_11_1/siew-yean.pdf http://www.ukm.my/juum/JUUM%202011/Perjanjian%20Perdagangan%20di%20Bawah%20WTO.pdf http://www.miti.gov.my/storage/documents/b8b/com.tms.cms.document.Document_afff64f5c0a81573-2dc72dc7-6a3d49e9/1/Miti_Laporan_Tahunan_2010_Malay.pdf http://www.kedah.edu.my/sahc/a_portal/portal_bahasa/p_am1/penggal%203/Nota%202_Penglibatan %20&%20Sumbangan%20Malaysia_1.pdf more info

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Executive Director - Anthony Lake, United States (2010present)

Add on info:

http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/UNICEF-AnnualReport2012-LR_12Jun2013.pdf

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Director-General - Irina Bokova, Bulgaria (2009present)

United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

High Commissioner - Navanethem Pillay, South Africa (2008present)

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

High Commissioner - Antnio Guterres, Portugal (2005present)

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

Director-general - Kandeh Yumkella, Sierra Leone (2005present)

World Food Programme (WFP)

Executive Director - Josette Sheeran, United States (2007present)

World Health Organization (WHO)

Director-General - Margaret Chan, China (acting) (2007present)

Added info:

http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_mys_en.pdf http://www.undp.org.my/files/editor_files/files/Malaysia%20MDGs%20report%20clean%2004 19.pdf http://www.who.int/health_financing/countries/en/malaysia.pdf http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccs_mys_en.pdf

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

President - Alexander Bedritsky, Russia (2003present) Secretary-General - Michel Jarraud, France (2004present)

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

Secretary-General - Taleb Rifai, Jordan (2010present)

Info2http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/int.html Another Information https://www.facebook.com/unicef.malaysia/notes http://www.unicef.org/crc/ http://www.unicef.org/malaysia/childrights_malaysia-overview.html http://www.unicef.org/malaysia/gift_direct-debit-donor-faq.html

The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is the only international organisation dealing with multi-laterally agreed rules on trade among its member countries. Through the WTO agreements, which spell out their rights and obligations, Member countries operate a non-discriminatory trading system that has allowed world trade to grow. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers conduct their business in a manner that ensures predictability and stability. The WTO is also a forum for continuous negotiations to create a more transparent, predictable, fair and liberal global trading environment. Negotiations are aimed at progressively removing barriers to trade in order to create better market access opportunities for its Members. WTO rules are evolving through periodical review of existing rules and negotiations on new rules. T he WTO was established on January 1, 1995 and replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) following conclusion of the Uruguay Round (UR) of trade negotiations in 1994.

While the GATT established rules for trade in goods, the WTO encompasses other trade-related areas such as services and intellectual property rights (IPR). Malaysia is a founding member of the WTO by virtue of its membership in the GATT since 1957. WTO provides benefits to its members through the establishment of an international trading environment which is transparent and predictable. These benefits are secured through the implementation of members obligations in the form of trade rules and market access negotiated on a multi-lateral basis. As a major trading nation, transparency and predictabi l ity in trade rules are important to Malaysia. Malaysia is able to comply with WTO obligations as it has: Adhered to multi-lateral trading rules as a member in the GATT; Continuously been undertaking

voluntary reduction and elimination of tariffs to enhance Malaysias competitiveness; and Adopted open and transparent trade policies and measures over the years The Ministerial Conference which is held at least once every two years is the supreme body of the WTO. It comprises representatives of all members and functions to oversee the implementation of Members obligations as well as the negotiations of new agreements. The day-to-day business of the WTO is conducted by the General Council which comprises representatives of all members to the WTO who are usually at Ambassadorial level or the equivalent. It has authority to act on behalf of the Ministerial Conference and oversees operations of agreements and minister ial decisions. This includes functioning as a body to settle trade disputes

between members and as a forum for members to examine each others trade policies. The General Council also oversees matters relating to trade in goods and services as well as trade-related aspects of IPR. WTO Principles n Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) Treatment MFN Treatment is the principle of non-di s c r iminat ion among Members, requiring all members to be treated equally. There are however, some exceptions to this principle. For instance, preferential duties are allowed for members of regional trading arrangements or preferential schemes such as the Generalized System of Preferences