Question 1 An induction motor is the workhorse of industry Discuss this statement, giving examples to support your arguments Solution

An induction motor is a type of AC motor that uses electromagnetic induction to supply power to the rotor. This ac induction motor is found in two typesknown as the "squirrel cage" and wound rotor motor. This 3 phase induction motor is the most common and simple industrial motor.

the day to day applications in industry. The induction motor is known as the workhorse of industry due to its qualities, which favour hase induction motor can also be used in different machines and also due to less wear and tear of the motor it experiences no friction due to the lack of brushes and its speed can be easily controlled. That is the speed can be controlled by many ways which are (i) The fixed number of winding sets (known as poles) built into the ac motor, which determines the ac motor's base speed. (ii) The frequency of the AC line voltage. Variable speed drives (Adjustable speed drives) change this frequency to change the speed of the motor. (iii) The amount of torque loading on the motor, which causes slip This easy with which speeds can be changed causes the induction motors to be dominant in the industry. That is instead of having many motors which can operate at different speeds an induction motor can be made use of. Because of this simple design AC motor which simply consists of series of three windings in the exterior (stator) section with a simple rotating section (rotor), thus they are easily manufactured in bulk and can be applicable in different machines.

The induction motors are reliable operating due their simple design of the AC motor results in extremely reliable, low maintenance operation. Unlike the DC motor, there are no brushes to replace for ac motors. If run in the appropriate environment for its enclosure, AC motor can expect to need new bearings after several years of operation. In fact if the application is well designed, an AC motor may not need new bearings for more than a decade. Apart from being the low maintenance and reliable machine the AC motor has the advantage of being the lowest cost motor for applications which require more than about 1/2 hp (325 watts) of power. This is due to the simple design of ac motor. For this reason, AC motors are overwhelmingly preferred for fixed speed applications in our industrial applications and for commercial and domestic applications where AC line power can be easily attached. In fact over 90% of all motors are AC induction motors. AC induction motors are found in air conditioners, washers, dryers, industrial machinery, fans, blowers, vacuum cleaners, and many, many other applications. Since they are many different environmental enclosures due to the wide range of environments in which people want to use motors, the AC motors have been adapted by providing a wide range of enclosures: (i) ODP - Open Drip Proof (ii) TEFC - Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (iii) TEAO - Totally Enclosed Air Over (iv) TEBC - Totally Enclosed Blower Cooled (v) TENV - Totally Enclosed Non-Ventilated (vi) TEWC - Totally Enclosed Water Cooled That is the induction motor is not limited by the conditions of the environment, because it has several enclosures thus it enables it to be employed in wide range of environmental conditions Another major advantage of induction motors is that the transformer, one of their integral parts, works only with AC motors. Its energy output can be moderated for both low and high voltage uses, ranging from 12V for household uses to up to 240V for industrial uses. This quality enables it to drastically reduce waste in electric power. The same reduction in waste can also be achieved in a DC motor, but the process is far more complicated. Induction motors are easy to operate. As a result, these motors are well-suited for large uses, such as in industries. Operation is relatively simple because the induction motors can self start. The motor can self start because there are no electrical connectors to the rotor that supply power, and current is induced by the action the transformer performs on the rotor because of the low resistance of the rotating coils. In huge industrial applications, this can result in reducing the effort needed for maintenance.

Yet another advantage of electric induction motors is their ability to be connected directly to the AC source. This may not mean much in household uses, but in industrial uses, this can be an important cost saver. Since the basic electric design has graduated into an electronic one over the years, an induction motor is easy to program for its various uses. The initial cost of installing it may be a little high, but it will save money in the long term because of the low maintenance cost and durability of the product. Moreover, it is a flexible design which allows innovations and newer technologies to be incorporated easily without incurring extra costs or necessitating changes in basic design

The changing field caused by the 50 or 60 Hertz AC line voltage causes the rotor to rotate around the axis of the ac motor.

3. 4. Easily Found Replacements of AC motors the wide use of AC motors has resulted in easily found replacements. And many manufacturers adhere to either European (metric) or American (NEMA) standards. (For Replacement Motors) 5. Variety of Mounting Styles AC Motors are available in many different mounting styles, such as: a) Foot Mount b) C-Face

c) Large Flange d) Vertical e) Specialty

-- Durability Another major advantage an induction motor carries is that it is extremely rugged. This makes it the ideal machine for heavy uses. Its low cost of maintenance and durability complement its toughness, and as a result these motor can run for years on end with relatively no cost or maintenance.

Other Advantages --1. Induction motor has high starting torque, therefore use for operate pump which need high starting torque. 2. Induction motor operates on variable speed. 3. It can be used as generator when speed of motor is higher than synchronous speed --3 Phase motors are much simpler in that they don't require any sort of starting apparatus (capacitors, centrifugal switches etc.); they run quieter, can use smaller cables and are available in much bigger sizes. The disadvantages are the higher voltages involved, more wires (4 or 5 (L1, L2, L3, maybe neutral, Earth) rather than the 3 (L1, Neutral, Earth) required for single phase) and most homes don't have all three phases (lives) available

Read more: Applications of 3 phase induction motor and advantages and disadvantages | Answerbag http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/1667062#ixzzG3pbS4sb9 --Controlling the motor speed has many advantages, such as power efficiency, reduced audible noise and better control over the application. In this article, we discussed different methods of speed control that can be used with a PSC motor in unidirection and bidirection. Controlling a PSC motor using a three-phase inverter topology provides the best results.

Read more: Applications of 3 phase induction motor and advantages and disadvantages | Answerbag http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/1667062#ixzzG3pbHQDiG

--Yet another advantage of electric induction motors is their ability to be connected directly to the AC source. This may not mean much in household uses, but in industrial uses, this can be an important cost saver. Since the basic electric design has graduated into an electronic one over the years, an induction motor is easy to program for its various uses. The initial cost of installing it may be a little high, but it will save money in the long term because of the low maintenance cost and durability of the product. Moreover, it is a flexible design which allows innovations and newer technologies to be incorporated easily without incurring extra costs or necessitating

--Three Phase Induction Motor June 3, 2013 by Keerthi Polkampally Leave a Comment The three-phase induction motor is also called an asynchronous motor and it is the most commonly used type of motor in industrial applications. Specifically, the squirrel cage design is the most extensively used electric motor in industrial applications. Three phase induction motors are run at basically constant speed from no-load to full-load. On the other hand, the speed is frequency dependent and thus these motors are not effectively adapted to speed control. They are simple, rugged, low-priced, easy to maintain and can be manufactured with characteristics to suit most industrial requirements. It consists of a stator with stator windings and a rotor. The stator carries a 3-phase winding or stator winding while the rotor carries a short circuited winding or rotor winding. And the rotor is differentiated from the stator by a small air gap that ranges from 0.4mm to 4mm, relying on the power of the motor. When the three-phase voltages are applied to the stator windings, a rotating magnetic field is established. As the magnetic field rotates, currents are induced in the conductors of the squirrel cage rotor. The interaction of the induced currents and the magnetic field produces forces that cause the rotor to also rotate.

Advantages: It has simple and rugged construction It is relatively cheap It requires little maintenance It has high efficiency and reasonably good power factor It has self starting torque

Already we know that, when the power supply is given to the 3-phase induction motor then a rotational magnetic field will establish in the stator, this will bring rotor currents and produce a rotor field. Then the rotor field connected with the stator field, this gives rotation of the motor. This process is called self starting. So, we can call 3-phase induction motors as self starting motors.

A starter is needed to reduce starting current and provide overload and no voltage protection. There are a number of different types of starter including the direct on-line starter, the star-delta starter and auto-transformer and rotor resistance. Each will be considered in turn. Here we are going to see star delta starter. Star-delta Starter: In a star delta starter, the stator windings are connected in star configuration, thus placing any two phases in series across the supply. In this way an effective reduction of starting current is achieved.

Start Delta starter also reduces starting torque. Once up to a particular running speed a double throw switch changes the winding arrangements from star to delta where upon full running torque is achieved. In this arrangement, the ends of all stator windings should be brought outside the motor casing. Three Phase Induction Motor Based Projects Electronic Soft Start For 3 Phase Induction Motor Induction Motor Protection System Three Phase Fault Analysis With Auto Reset On Temporary Fault And Permanent Trip Otherwise --Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used in industrial drives because they are rugged, reliable and economical. Single-phase induction motors are used extensively for smaller loads, such as household appliances like fans. Although traditionally used in fixed-speed service, induction motors are increasingly being used with variable-frequency drives (VFDs) in variablespeed service. VFDs offer especially important energy savings opportunities for existing and prospective induction motors in variable-torque centrifugal fan, pump and compressor load applications. Squirrel cage induction motors are very widely used in both fixed-speed and VFD applications

--An induction or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the

rotor needed to produce torque is induced by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor therefore does not require mechanical commutation, separate-excitation or self-excitation for all or part of the energy transferred from stator to rotor, as in universal, DC and large synchronous motors. An induction motor's rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type.

--Induction machine is the most used machine in any section of the society including Industrial Areas, Domestic section, educational institute or any other area in human life. This fact is enough to give the importance of induction motor. Three phase induction motor is most widely used in industrial drives while single phase induction motor is preferred for domestic applications. In current article I'll discuss the construction, benefits over other motors and applications of induction motor. In our previous post Basics and Classification of Induction Machines, we have already discussed various classification methods and other basic terms related to Induction motors. In current article we will focus on two basic things : Advantages and Applications of Induction Machines. So, Let's begin : Advantages of Induction Machines The main thing to be understood here is why Induction motors are used in every section or for every action ? There are few advantages of using Induction motors which are not provided by any other motor. Some of these advantages of Induction motors are : 1. Cheap : This is the most important thing in current age of competition. If something is costly we immediately start looking for its alternatives. Induction machines are very cheap when compared to synchronous and DC machines. It make them first choice for any operation. 2. Robust : induction machines are robust in construction. It is another advantage of using Induction Machine. 3. Efficient and Reliable : Induction machines are no doubt very reliable machines and have considerable efficiency. 4. Low Maintainance Cost : As construction of induction machine is very simple and hence maintainance is also easy resulting in small maintainance cost. 5. High Starting Torque : Starting torque on induction motor is high which make is useful for operations where load is applied before the starting of the motor. Applications of Induction Machines As I've said Induction motors are used everywhere in our daily life still some of the main advantages are listed below : Industrial Section : Induction motors are most common motors used in any kind of Industry including it be an electrical or otherwise. No matter what a company produce but when it comes to a motor it is none other than an Induction motor. For large operations 3Phase Induction and for small operations single phase or Fractional Horse Power (FHP)

industion motors are employed. Domestic sections : Our home is a place where we can see many Induction motors doing their job. Motor of refrigerator, water pump motor, cooler motor are some of very common examples. -- ADVANTAGES easy operation, torque regulation,ability to connected directly to the ac source, low cost maintanence and durability. DISADVANTAGES speed decrease as load increase, low starting torque, speed determine by supply frequency (supply frequency high cost), speed vary and need variable frequency supply.

WHY ARE SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS NOT SELF STARTING

Summary: Single-phase induction motors Single-phase induction motors are not self-starting without an auxiliary stator winding driven by an out of phase current of near 90o. Once started the auxiliary winding is optional. The auxiliary winding of a permanent-split capacitor motor has a capacitor in series with it during starting and running. A capacitor-start induction motor only has a capacitor in series with the auxiliary winding during starting. A capacitor-run motor typically has a large non-polarized electrolytic capacitor in series with the auxiliary winding for starting, then a smaller non-electrolytic capacitor during running. The auxiliary winding of a resistance split-phase motor develops a phase difference versus the main winding during starting by virtue of the difference in resistance.