01

L ab I&M

LAB 1
Module KL-64001
(Demonstration Only) Objective
Study characteristics and applications of: Phototransistor Photo-coupler Magnetic (hall-effect) Digital & Analog

Accessories
Magnet 1

Theory
Phototransistors:
Phototransistors are light-sensitive NPN or PNP junction transistors, which provide inherent amplification of the photocurrent. The configurations of phototransistors are shown in Figure 1-1

Figure 1-1: Phototransistor Schematic Symbol, Typical Packages and Chip Structure Phototransistors are widely used in telecommunications, signal couplers, and industrial control systems. e.g., Auto-counting device, Speed control of motor, label reader, optical fiber telephone.

Lab 01

I&M

Photo-couplers:
Photo-couplers, also known as Photo-interrupter, are semiconductor optoelectronic devices, which include light source-detector pairs in a package with suitable optical links. There are two types of photo-coupler, Fixeddistance and reflective photo-coupler.

Figure 1-2: Equivalent circuit of photo couplers

Magnetic sensors:
Magnetic sensors are mainly based on the electromagnetic transduction principle. Electromagnetic transduction elements convert a change in magnetic into electromotive force induced in a conductor by a change in magnetic flux.

Hall-effect:
If a metal conductor or semiconductor carrying a current I is placed in a transverse magnetic field B, an electric field (or a voltage V) is induced in the direction perpendicular to both I and B, as shown in Figure 1-3. This phenomenon is known as the Hall-effect. The induced voltage, called Hall voltage, can be determined from VH = BI / rId Where:

B = magnetic field I = current r = charge density d = depth (thickness) of the plate

Figure 1-3: Hall-effect.

Lab 01

I&M

Experiments
1.1 Phototransistor
1. Complete the circuit on KL-64001 and KL-62001.

2. Connect the Vo1 to KL-62001 STATUS DISPLAY & DCV INPUT + and the E to -. 3. Complete the following connections on KL-62001.
AREA MANUAL/SINGL E SECTION SELECT CHIP CHIP SIGNAL TO SECTION MANUAL SELECT AREA MANUAL/SINGLE SIGNAL GND

4. Switch power ON and the display should be ON. 5. Set STATUS DISPLAY & DCV MODE switch to DCV position and RANGE to 20V. 6. Cover the phototransistor window with hand and record the output voltage Vo1 = __________ V 7. Lighten the phototransistor with fluorescent lamp and record the output voltage Vo1 = __________ V 8. Adjust the distance between source and phototransistor and complete the Table given. Distance(cm) Vo

Lab 01

I&M

1.2

Photo coupler
1. Complete the circuit on KL-64001 and KL-62001.

2. Connect the Vo2 to KL-62001 STATUS DISPLAY & DCV INPUT + and the to GND. Connect the output CK to counter CK input or Oscilloscope input. 3. Complete the following connections on KL-62001.
SECTION SELECT AREA MANUAL/SINGLE CHIP SIGNAL TO SECTION MANUAL SELECT AREA MANUAL/SINGLE CHIP SIGNAL GND

4. Switch power ON and the display should be ON. 5. Set STATUS DISPLAY & DCV MODE switch to DCV position and RANGE to 20V. 6. In the absence of object between emitter and detector, measure and record the output voltage Vo2 = __________ V 7. In the presence of object between emitter and detector, measure and record the output voltage Vo2 = __________ V 8. Cut a sheet of paper to a pulse shape and move it between emitter and detector, and record the output waveform.

Lab 01

I&M

1.3

Magnetic sensor
1. Complete the circuit on KL-64001 and KL-62001.

2. Connect the Vo4 to KL-62001 STATUS DISPLAY & DCV INPUT +. 3. Complete the following connections on KL62001.
SIGNAL TO SECTION MANUAL SELECT AREA MANUAL/SINGLE SIGNAL GND

SECTION SELECT

AREA MANUAL/SINGLE

CHIP

CHIP

4. Switch power ON and the display should be ON. 5. Set STATUS DISPLAY & DCV MODE switch to DCV position and RANGE to 20V. 6. In the absence of magnetic field, adjust the VR 10K to make the output voltage Vo = 0 V 7. Move the magnet toward Hall sensor, observe and record the side of Hall having no reaction. ___________________________________________________________ 8. Move the magnet toward Hall sensor, observe and record the distance between magnet and Hall if a change occurs at the output. ___________________________________________________________ 9. Change the poles of magnet and repeat steps 7 and 8.

Review Questions 1. What is a phototransistor? What material is used in the construction of phototransistor?

2. What is a photo-interrupter and what are the applications of photo interrupter?

3. How can we find the direction of a magnet?

4. What is the effect on output of magnetic hall sensor when we move the magnet north and South Pole towards and away from sensor?

To be filled by Lab Instructor Remarks Date Signature