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Empirical Model Study Public Interest Entrepreneurship (Central Market Study in Sungguminasa Kabupaten Gowa) By:
Dr.H.Saban Echdar, SE,M.Si
STIE Nobel Indonesia Makassar ABSTRACT : This study uses object Sungguminasa central market traders in Gowa district, with 90 samples from a population of 360 merchant market traders. This study sought to test and analyze the factors that influence the interest masyaraka / traders entrepreneurship in Central market Sungguminasa Gowa and which factors are most dominant. Using multiple regression analysis and processing of data using SPSS to test the coefficient kolerasinya with a significant level 5 %. Results of this study showed that the first, partially independent of each variable (exogenous) capital ie (X1), Family (X2), Social Environment (X3), and the Spirit of Entrepreneurship and Personal (X4) have a significant effect on the dependent variable (endogenous) the public interest in entrepreneurship, second, simultaneously there is a significant effect between the exogenous variable capital (X1), Family (X2), Social Environment (X3), and the Spirit of Entrepreneurship (X4) of the endogenous variables that public interest in entrepreneurship (Y) . This is evident from the large value of F value is 0.000 599 075 with significantly lower levels of alpha 0.05. Thus the first hypothesis is accepted, the third, the most dominant factor is the effect on interest berwiraausaha capital (X1), it was shown from the results of the data obtained t count> t table with singn ifikansi level () of 0.000 <0.050. Thus the second Hipoesis also accepted.
1. INTRODUCTION
As a developing country, Indonesia is a country that still lacks entrepreneurs. This is understandable, because the interest in entrepreneurship from the younger generation is still lacking. On the other hand, many government policies that do not provide opportunities for entrepreneurship and climate conducive to the public, for example the maximum price of rice policies, as well as excessive subsidy that does not educate the public economic behavior. Presence of high levels of unemployment today (about 32 million people) needed creativity of every individual to not rely on the work of others such as civil servants or private sector employees but creating jobs that can absorb existing manpower and revive the economy of Indonesia. Small businesses are small-scale enterprises which is able to survive as a small business also plays a role in the distribution of the Indonesian economy and creating jobs for the community as well as resulting in a potential state. Everyone agreed that the growth of the economy in a country can not be separated from the role of the private entrepreneurs of large, medium and small. Entrepreneurial role in the growth and development of road infrastructure, buildings and goods and services required human. Employment and turnover are so many big and quick money is not likely to occur in the absence of an entrepreneurial role. This suggests that the role of the entrepreneur or the entrepreneur community partners, small and medium enterprises is very important and strategic in fueling growth and economic development of a country. Most of the drivers of change that, innovation and progress of a country is the entrepreneurs. Entrepreneur is someone who creates a business dealing with risk and uncertainty aimed at achieving profit and growth by identifying opportunities and utilize resources to be needed. Based on this, then in the face of the current economic development role of entrepreneurship lagi.Karena doubt whether the economy grows in a country mainly depends on the presence and activity of entrepreneurs. Currently importance of entrepreneurial talks have been heard and known in various places in the world. All assume that the family, the people, the nation and the government requires the presence of a good entrepreneur in society. A psychologist, David McClelland, who was also cited by Ciputra (2009), that one of the conditions of a country to achieve the required level of prosperity 2% of the population are entrepreneurs (entrepreneurs). According to Z. Frinces Heflin (2011), the current state can be said that the key to prosperity is entrepreneurship and self-employment is a very promising profession for good in the quality of life by increasing purchasing power. Purchasing power created by the high revenues obtained as a result of the profession in the field.
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Based on the background and the formulation of the problem that has been raised the hypothesis of this study is: 1. 2. Capital, Family, Social Environment, and the Spirit of Entrepreneurship Personal significantly influence people's interest in entrepreneurship in Central Market Sungguminasa Gowa. Capital has the most dominant influence on people's interest in entrepreneurship in Central Market Sungguminasa Gowa.
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METHODS OF ANALYSIS
To examine the hypotheses that have been put forward, the authors used multiple regression analysis as already described by Sugiyono (2001: 211) as follows: Y= a + bX1+X2+X3+X4+E Where: Y : Society entrepreneurship A : Constants X1: Capital X2: Family X3: The social environment X4: Entrepreneurial spirit E : Confounding variables (not taken into account) The data processing will be tested using the SPSS kolerasinya coefficient with a significant level of 5%. Basis for decision making: a. Based on probability If P > 0.05 then Ho is accepted and if P < 0.05 then, Ho is rejected. b. Based on the comparison of t tabel and t count If, count t > t table then, Ho is rejected If, count t < t table then, Ho is accepted. Operational Definitions of Research Variables : Interest in entrepreneurship (Y) is the tendency, desire and fascination shown by the decision of individual entrepreneurship, with indicators of real action has been running a business, making a statement of support entrepreneurship and the development of existing businesses. Capital (X1) is the initial source of funds used by entrepreneurs / traders to start a business or to open his business. Family (X2) are internal factors that encourage entrepreneurship society or a social group made up of a number of individuals who have a relationship with the societies in Central Market Sungguminasa entrepreneurship. Social environment (X3) is Surrou with affecting people in entrepreneurship, both internal and external lingkugnan. Individual perception of entrepreneurship (X4) is the ability to establish an entrepreneurial behavior, to actively create opportunities for usaaha, positive outlook, measured by indicators of confidence in the ability to manage the business, human resources and leadership to start a business.
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Description of Respondents In order to determine the factors that contribute to people's interest in entrepreneurship in Gowa in South Sulawesi Province, has done field research by collecting data related to the problem diangkat.Data-data obtained by distributing questionnaires to business owners who are in the Central Market
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Koefisien Regresi 0,386 0,181 0,341 0,207 0,659 0,983 0,996 599.0075
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Sumber :Hasil uji Regresi,2013 Based on the test results of the regression with SPSS, there is a large influence of exogenous variables partially indicated by the value of R = 0.983 or 98.30% of the endogenous variable. While the contribution of variable partial to the public interest in entrepreneurship (Y), which is indicated by the value of R Square of 0.966 or 96.60%. It is approximately 96.60% interest in the entrepreneurship variable (Y) is influenced by the independent variables X1, X2, X3, and X4 while the remaining 3.40% are caused by other factors that are not taken into account in this study. Standard Error Estimation (SEE) of 1.8714 was used endogenous variable (the public interest in entrepreneurship/Y), while the standard deviation (SD) of 9.8813 people's interest in entrepreneurship is greater than 1.8714 SEE only therefore used regression model is better in act as a predictor. Furthermore, to determine whether the variable Capital, Family, Social Environment, and Life-pany Kewirausa simultaneously affect the public interest in entrepreneurship can be seen from the value of the F-count is 599 075 with a significance level of 0.000 is smaller than alpha of 0.05. These results indicate that there is significant influence between independent variables X1, X2, X3 and X4 simultaneously to the public interest in entrepreneurship (Y). Thus the first hypothesis which states that the Capital, Family, Social Environment, and Life-pany Kewirausa simultaneously affect the public interest in entrepreneurship, so statistically provable and the H1 is accepted. In theory, this research has the idea that the capital factor, Family, Social Environment, and the Spirit of Entrepreneurship positive effect on people's interest in entrepreneurship. Statistical tests showed that the regression coefficient of 0.386 X1, X2 X3 for 0181 amounted to 0.341, 0.207 and X4. So that when inserted into the regression equation obtained the following results: Y = 0.659 + 0.386 X1 + 0.181 X2 + 0.341 X3 + 0.207 X4 The regression equation can be interpreted as follows: 1. 1 = 0.386 shows the influence of capital (X1) against the people's interest in entrepreneurship in Central Market Sungguminasa is positive. If capital plus 1, then the public interest in entrepreneurship will increase by 0.386. 2 = 0.181 shows the influence of family (X2) the public interest in entrepreneurship in Central Market Sungguminasa is positive. If the family plus 1, then the public interest in entrepreneurship will increase by 0181. 3 = 0.341 shows the influence of the Social Environment (X3) to the interest of the business community is berwira-positive. If the social environment plus 1, then the public interest in entrepreneurship will increase by 0.341 4 = 0.207 shows the influence of the Spirit of Entrepreneurship (X 4) against the public interest berwirabusiness is positive. If the entrepreneurial spirit plus 1, then the public interest in entrepreneurship will increase by 0207.
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Sumber : Hasil uji t,2013 The table above provides information that is partial of the four independent variables (exogenous) capital ie (X1), Family (X2) Social Environment (X3) and the Spirit of Entrepreneurship (X4), factors that are considered by society berwira-venture interest in Central Market Sungguminasa Gowa is Capital (X1), Family (X2), Social Environment (X3), the Spirit of Entrepreneurship (X4) Based on the above table, it is clear that the most dominant variables considered by the public interest in entrepreneurship is the Capital City Market Sungguminasa (X1), with a regression coefficient of 0.386, following the social environment (0.341), and private entrepreneurship (0.207) and family (0.181).
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