DIESEL POWER PLANT

GROUP MEMBERS JITHIN MOHAMMED(10BEE1041) VIKASH KUMAR SINGH(11BEE1105) MANOJ .V.V(11BEE1084) KRUTIKA(11BEE1064) NIKITA SYDNEY(11BEE1049) TARUN BHARGAV(11BEE1121) ANKUR SHARMA(11BEE1028)

INTRODUCTION:
It is defined as an electrical installation equipped with one or several electric current generators driven by diesel engines. Diesel power plants are divided into two main classes: stationary and mobile. Stationary diesel power plants use four-stroke diesel engines (less frequently, two-stroke diesel engines), with power ratings of 110, 220, 330, 440, and 735 kilowatts (kW). The economic efficiency of a diesel power plant is improved considerably if the waste heat of the engine (55 to 60 percent of total heat release in currently available engines) can be used for preheating of fuel and oil or for domestic heating within the power station building or adjacent premises. In diesel power plants with a high power rating (above 750 kW) the waste heat can be used in a heating system serving a whole block or a whole town area in proximity to the power station.

 Mobile diesel power plants are widely used in agriculture and forestry and by expeditions involved with geological exploration. In these applications, diesel power plants can be used as a source of electricity for energy or lighting networks; they can be used as the main, auxiliary, or standby power source. In transportation, diesel power plants are a basic power source. In a diesel power station, diesel engine is used as the prime mover. The diesel burns inside the engine and the products of this combustion act as the working fluid to produce mechanical energy. The diesel engine drives alternator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

OPERATING PRINCIPLE:
The diesel fuel burns and the burnt gases expand to do work inside the cylinder called the piston. This movement of the piston rotates the fly wheel and the engine is directly coupled to an electric generator. The gases that are expanded is passed through a silencer to reduce the noise. The diesel engine that is used in the power plant is not self starting.The engine is started from cold condition with the help of an air compressor. Due to the above principle followed diesel power plants are better than steam power plants at a range of 150MW capacity.

Layout diesel engine power plant

Diesel engine Engine starting system Fuel system Air intake system Exhaust system Engine cooling system Engine lubrication system

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Diesel generators are designed to meet the needs of small and medium-sized businesses apart from heavy usage in industries. Diesel powered generators eliminate the risk of a blackout. Investing in generators is a simple way to safeguard revenue, maintain security, avoid losses, and protect the bottom line.

 ON THE ROAD :The vast majority of modern heavy road vehicles like trucks and buses, ships, long-distance trains, large-scale portable power generators, and most farm and mining vehicles have diesel engines. IN THE AIR :A few airplanes have been using diesel engines since the late 1930s. The cost of diesel fuel compared to petrol has led to considerable interest in diesel-powered small general aviation planes, and several manufacturers have recently begun selling diesel engines for this purpose.

 ON THE WATERS : The largest diesel engines are used to power ships and liners along the high seas. UNDERGROUND :The mining and mineral extraction sector worldwide relies heavily on diesel power to harness natural resources such as aggregates, precious metals, iron ore, oil, gas, and coal. Overall, diesel accounts for 72 percent of the energy used by the mining sector.

 IN THE HOSPITALS : For many years, both military and public hospitals have relied on industrial strength generator sets to take over whenever the power goes out. BEHIND THE DATACENTRES : All communications and telecommunications companies of all shapes turn to diesel generators as their primary backup power option.

MERITS OF DIESEL POWER PLANT

It can respond to varying loads without

any difficulty. It occupies less space . It is compact and smaller than a thermal power plant for the same capacity. It is more efficient than steam power plants in the range of 150 MW capacity.

DEMERITS OF DIESEL POWER PLANT

High operating cost. High maintenance and lubrication cost. Its capacity is limited , hence cannot be constructed in large sizes. Noise and unhygienic emissions are some serious problems in such plants. It cannot supply overloads continuously .

SECTIONAL VIEW OF DIESEL POWER PLANT

It mainly consists of 6 parts : 1.Fuel Pumping System 2.Air Intake System 3.Exhaust System 4.Cooling System 5.Lubricating system 6.Engine Starting System

FUEL PUMPING SYSTEM

AIR INTAKE SYSTEM

This system supplies necessary air to the engine for the fuel combustion. It consists of pipes for the supply of fresh air to the engine manifold. Filters are provided to remove dust particles from air which may act as abrasive in the engine cylinder. Air intake systems are usually one of two types, wet or dry.

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In addition to cleaning the air, the intake system is usually designed to intake fresh air from as far away from the engine as practicable. The reason for ensuring that an engine's air supply is as cool as possible is that cool air is denser than hot air. This means that, per unit volume, cool air has more oxygen than hot air. Thus, cool air provides more oxygen, which leads to an efficient combustion of fuel.

EXHAUST SYSTEM
This system leads the engine exhaust gas outside the building and discharges it into atmosphere. A silencer is usually incorporated in the system to reduce the noise level. The exhaust system of a diesel engine performs three functions. First, the exhaust system routes the spent combustion gasses away from the engine, where they are diluted by the atmosphere. This keeps the area around the engine habitable. Second, the exhaust system confines and routes the gases to the turbocharger, if used. Third, the exhaust system allows mufflers to be used to reduce the engine noise.

Cooling System
The heat released by the burning of fuel in the engine cylinder is partially converted into work. The remainder part of the heat passes through the cylinder wall, piston, rings etc. and may cause damage to system. In order to keep the temperature of the engine parts within the safe operating limits, cooling is provided. The cooling system consists of a water source, pump and cooling towers. The pump circulates water through cylinder and head jacket. The water takes away heat form the engine and it becomes hot. The hot water is cooled by cooling towers and re circulated for cooling.

Lubricating System :

The system minimises the wear of rubbing surfaces of the engine. It comprises of lubricating oil tank, pump, filter and oil cooler. The lubrication oil is drawn from the lubricating oil tank by the pump and is passed through filter to remove impurities .The clean lubrication oil is delivered to the points which require lubrication. The oil coolers incorporated in the system keep the temperature of the oil low. An internal combustion engine would not run for even a few minutes if the moving parts were allowed to make metal-to-metal contact

. The heat generated due to the tremendous amounts of friction would melt the metals, leading to the destruction of the engine. To prevent this, all moving parts ride on a thin film of oil that is pumped between all the moving parts of the engine. The oil serves two purposes. One purpose is to lubricate the bearing surfaces. The other purpose is to cool the bearings by absorbing the friction- generated heat. The flow of oil to the moving parts is accomplished by the engine's internal lubricating system.

Engine Starting System This is an arrangement to rotate the engine initially, while starting, until firing starts and the unit runs with its own power. Small sets are started manually by handles but for larger units, compressed air is used for starting. In the latter case, air at high pressure is admitted to a few of the cylinders, making them to act as reciprocating air motors to turn over the engine shaft. The fuel is admitted to the remaining cylinders which makes the engine to start under its own power.

Starting Circuits Diesel engines have as many different types of starting circuits as there are types, sizes, and manufacturers of diesel engines. Commonly, they can be started by air motors, electric motors, hydraulic motors, and manually. The start circuit can be a simple manual start pushbutton, or a complex auto-start circuit. But in almost all cases the following events must occur for the starting engine to start. the flywheel.

(a) The start signal is sent to the starting motor. The air, electric, or hydraulic motor, will engage the engines flywheel. (b) The starting motor will crank the engine. The starting motor will spin the engine at a high enough rpm to allow the engines compression to ignite the fuel and start the engine running. (c) The engine will then accelerate to idle speed. When the starter motor is overdriven by the running motor it will disengage

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