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THE JOURNAL OF

Egyptian Archaeology
VOLUME 61 1975

PUBLISHED BY

THE EGYPT EXPLORATION SOCIETY


3 DOUGHTY M E W S , LONDON W C 1 N 2PG Price to non-members y25 ISSN 0307-5133

THE JOURNAL OF

Egyptian Archaeology
VOLUME 61

PUBLISHED BY

THE EGYPT EXPLORATION SOCIETY


3 DOUGHTY MEWS, LONDON, WCiN 2 P G

1975

CONTENTS
EDITORIAL FOREWORD . . . . . . QASR I BRIM, 1974 S OME REMARKS ON THE ORIGINS OF THE T ITLES OF THE ARCHAIC E GYPTIAN K INGS T w o T ANTALIZING BIOGRAPHICAL FRAGMENTS OF H I S TORICAL INTEREST E GYPTIAN ANCHORS . . . . . . . SEMNA S OUTH: T H E SOUTHERN FORTRESS . . . READINGS IN THE S TORY OF SINUHE AND OTHER E GYPTIAN T EXTS O NCE M ORE HAMMAMAT INSCRIPTION 191 . . . SEAL IMPRESSIONS FROM K AHUN T OWN AND U RONARTI F ORT PETRIE'S M ANUSCRIPT N OTES ON THE K OPTOS FOUNDATION DEPOSITS OF TUTHMOSIS I I I T H E U S E OF D ISC- B EADS IN E GYPTIAN B EAD- C OMPOSI TIONS T HE DEDICATORY AND BUILDING T EXTS OF RAMESSES I I IN LUXOR T EMPLE T w o W OODEN UR-^EI PAPYRUS M OSCOW 127 (T RANSLATION AND N OTES) . . ZUR FRAGE DER VERGOTTLICHUNG DES VEZIRS ( P A-)RAHOTEP . . . . . . . . . PREDICATIVE ADJECTIVAL SENTENCES . . . . T w o SERAPEUM STELAE PTOLEMAIC FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE IN P. TEBT. 8 . PAPYRUS CARLSBERG 67 B: A H EALING- P RAYER FROM THE F AYUM . . . . . . . . A MATHEMATICAL EXERCISEP. D E M . HEIDELBERG 663 . S OME C OPTIC ETYMOLOGIES A P ETITION TO THE PREFECT OF E GYPT AND RELATED Mahmud Abd El-Razik Ebba Kerrn Lilleso S. Allam . . Hartwig Altenmiiller A. M. Bakir . . Sami Farag . . Roger S. Bagnall . J . D . Ray . Richard A. Parker H. S. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 137 -147 154 .161 .165 .168 .181 .189 -197 .201 222 227 .231 238 . . . . J . Martin Plumley Elise J . Baumgartel Henry G. Fischer Alessandra Nibbi Louis V . Zabkar W . V . Davies Alan B. Lloyd Olga Tufnell . Barbara Adams Kate Bosse-Griffiths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE i 5 28 33 -38 42 45 54 67 .102 114

IMPERIAL E DICTS . . . . . . . J . David Thomas O N S OME OCCURRENCES OF THE VERB ' T O S EAL' IN C OPTIC AND E GYPTIAN T EXTS . . . . . . Dieter Mueller T H E BIBLIOGRAPHY OF JOHN W INTOUR B ALDWIN BARNS . S. W . Gruen T H E BIBLIOGRAPHY OF A YLWARD M ANLEY BLACKMAN . E. P. Uphill . T H E R OLE OF FIR'AWN IN POPULAR ISLAM . . . A . Fodor . A N E IGHTH- C ENTURY A RABIC LETTER TO THE K ING OF N UBIA . J . Martin Plumley

241

BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS : A feminine example of wd hm-k, 'thy majesty commands' in the Fourth Dynasty, by Henry G. Fischer, p. 246; A further occurrence of ideographic ^ in an OldKingdom name, by Henry G. Fischer, p. 247; Fractions in the A b u Sir Papyri, by David P. Silverman, p. 248; T h e Office sdnoty bity, by E. P. Uphill, p. 250; 'Idn = 'an ear', by Mordechai

iv

CONTENTS
Gilula, p. 2 5 1 ; T h e Length of the Reign of Ramesses X , by M . L . Bierbrier, p. 2 5 1 ; Another Dinner-Invitation from Oxyrhynchus (P. Lond. Inv. 3 0 7 8 ) , by T . C. Skeat, p. 2 5 1 ; A propos du mot copte 'Sphransh', by Enzo Lucchesi, p. 2 5 4 ; T h e Coptic Circumstantial Present with an Empty (Impersonal) Actor-Suffix and Adverbial Function, by Ariel Shisha-Halevy, p. 2 5 6 ; Wn-ktn 'Where are you?' by R. O. Faulkner, p. 2 5 7 ; T w o further decree-cases of Stk, by J. D . Bourriau and J . D . Ray, p. 2 5 7 .

REVIEWS

PAGE

B. ADAMS,

Ancient Hierakonpolis and Ancient Hierakon. . . . . . Reviewed by Joan Crowfoot


Payne . . . . 259

polis Supplement
R. J.
GILLINGS,

Mathematics in the time of the


. . . . . . . T . G. H. James .
. . . . .

Pharaohs .

.
. . . .

. 260
262 263 265

Catalogue des objets de toilette gyptiens au Muse du Louvre . . . . Anne Millard C. ALDRED, Akhenaten and Nefertiti . . . . Julia Samson . I. E. S. EDWARDS, The Treasures of Tutankhamun . Julia Samson . J. D . SCHMIDT, Ramesses II, A Chronological Structure
J . VANDIER D ' A B B A D I E ,

for his Reign


F. GOMAA,

K. A. Kitchen

.
. . . . .

.
. . . . .

. 265
. . .
270 272 273

Chaemwese, Sohn Rameses^ II. und Hoherpriester von Memphis . . . . . K. A. Kitchen F. GOMA, Die libyschen Frstentmer des Deltas K. A. Kitchen A. M . DoNADONi ROVERI, / sarcofagi egizi dalle origini alia fine dell' Antico Regno . . . . . E. P. Uphill W. A. W A R D , Egypt and the East Mediterranean World
2200-1900 B.C. B. E. J. PETERSON, K. A. K I T C H E N , E. P. Uphill

Zeichnungen aus einer Totenstadt . E. P. Uphill The Third Intermediate Period in


B.C.) E. P. Uphill .

. 273 . 277

Egypt (1100-650
R. GRIESHAMMER, W. K. SIMPSON,

. 2 7 7

Die altgyptischen Sargtexte in der

Forschung seit 1936 . . . . . . C. H. S. Spaull . . . 283 The Terrace of the Great God at Abydos: The Offering Chapels of Dynasties 12 and 13 C. H. S. Spaull . . . 283 W. BERG, Historische Karte des alten gypten . . C H . S. Spaull . . . 284 M. KOROSTOVTSEV, Grammaire du No-gyptien . . C H . S. Spaull . . . 285 V. L. D A V I S , Syntax of the Negative Particles b w and bn in Late Egyptian . . . . . . Chris. Eyre . . . . 286 J. SPIEGEL, Die Gtter von Abydos . . . . Kate Bosse-GrifRths . . 290 D . B. T H O M P S O N , Ptolemaic Oinochoai in Faience: Aspects of the Ruler-Cult . . . . . Kate Bosse-Griffiths . . 291 R. O. FAULKNER, The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts.
Vol. I, Spells 1-354 J- Gwyn Griffiths . .
. . .

. 292
. . .
293 294 294

L. H . LESKO, The Ancient Egyptian Book of Two Ways . . . . . . . . J. Gwyn Griffiths . A. PIANKOFF, The Wandering of the Soul . . . J. G w y n Griffiths . W . BARTA, Untersuchungen zum Gtterkreis der Neunheit J. G w y n Griffiths . F. ABITZ, Die religise Bedeutung der sogenannten Grab

ruberschchte in den gyptischen Knigsgrbern der


18. bis 20. Dynastie . . . . . . J. Gwyn Griffiths . . . 295

CONTENTS
E. BRUNNER-TRAUT, Die Alten gypter. Verborgenes Leben unter Pharaonen . . . . . F. D UNAND, Le Culte d'Isis dans le bassin oriental de la Mditerrane . . . . . . .
W. HORNBOSTEL, Sarapis . . . . .

v PAGE 296 .
.

J. Gwyn Griffiths .
.

. .
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

296
296

G. J. F. K ATER- S IBBES, Preliminary Catalogue of Sarapis Monuments . . . . . . . V. T RAN T A M T INH, Isis Lactans . . . M. M ALAISE, Les Conditions de Pntration et de Diffusion des Cultes gyptiens en Italie Inventaire prliminaire des Documents gyptiens dcouverts en Italie . . . . E. KIESSLING and H. A. RUPPRECHT ed., Akten des XIII. Internationalen Papyrologenkongresses . . . M.-}i. IBRAHIM/H 'E)^rjvopcofmK7] LJaiSelav AlyvTTTU) A. BERNARD, Le Paneion d'El-Kanas. Les Inscriptions Grecques . . . . . . . . C. C. W ALTERS, Monastic Archaeology in Egypt . . J. W. B. BARNS and E. A. E. REYMOND, Four Martyrdoms from the Pierpont Morgan Coptic Codices . W. H. C. F REND, The Rise of the Monophysite Movement . . . . . . . . H. SCHFER Principles of Egyptian Art . . . A. VON SALDERN et al. Glser der Antike Sammlung Erwin Oppenlnder . . . . . . Other Books Received

. . . . J. Gwyn Griffiths

. . .

296 296

R . E. Witt

. . . . .

. .

298 299
301

J. David Thomas P. J . Parsons Alan B. Lloyd Alan B. Lloyd C. Walters . .

. . . . . . . .

301 303 305

Sebastian Brock E. P. Uphill E. P. Uphill C. H. S. Spaull

. . .

. .

306 307

308 . 3 0 8

LIST OF PLATES
PLATES I - V I I I PLATES I X - X I V PLATE X V P LATE X V I PLATES X V I I - X X I PLATE X X I I P LATE X X I I I PLATE X X I V P LATE P LATE PLATE P LATE XXV XXVI XXVII XXVIII Qasr Ibrm, 1 9 7 4 . . . . . between pp. 8 and 9 Qasr Ibrm, 1 9 7 4 . . . . . between pp. 2 0 and 2 1 Titles of the Archaic Egyptian Kings . facing p. 3 0 T w o Tantalizing Biographical Fragments . facing p. 3 4 Disc-Beads in Egyptian Bead-Compositions between pp. 1 1 8 and 1 1 9 T w o Wooden Uraei . . . . facing p. 1 3 7 T w o Serapeum Stelae . . . . facing p. 1 6 5 Ptolemaic Foreign Correspondence in P. Tebt. 8 facing p. 1 6 9 A Healing-Prayer from the Faym . . facing p. 1 8 3 A Mathematical Exercise . . . facing p. 1 9 2 A Petition to the Prefect of Egypt . . facing p. 2 0 3 An Eighth-Century Arabic Letter to the King of Nubia facing p. 2 4 2 T w o Oracular Amuletic Decree Cases . facing p. 2 ^ 8

P LATE X X I X

(246)

BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS
A feminine example of wd hm*k, 'thy majesty c o m m a n d s ' in the Fourth Dynasty
ALTHOUGH

I had the privilege of looking over the newly published Mastaba of Queen Mersyankh HI while it was still in preparation, 1 one portion of that publication is new to me, and I think it deserves a few more words of comment. The most important item is a block of relief (fig. i) 2 from the small chapel of the original mastaba, which Reisner plausibly ascribed to Queen Hetepheres II. 3 On p. 3 of the publication the uppermost signs are grouped together so as to read [s]mrw m . . . , while the remaining signs, in front of the figure, are read hmt-t m; Hr. Hmt-t is certainly correct and it equally certainly means 'thy majesty', referring to the queen toward whom the figure is advancing. As far as I know, this is the first and only OldKingdom occurrence of the feminine form of hm-k\ indeed, it seems to be the only occurrence of hmt that is known prior to Hatshepsut's use of this term in the Eighteenth Dynasty, nearly 1,000 years later.4 The signs preceding hmt-t are evidently to be connected with it as part of the same vertical column. The first sign does not look at all like mr (j1),5 but may well be f, which sometimes shows the ball of cord at the top of the stick, rather than at the centre, as is more usually the case.6 Examples very similar to this one have, in at least two instances, been mistakenly interpreted as f in recent studies. 7 The last sign of the column, although only partly preserved, is clearly ^ rather than ^ . FIG. 1

Dows Dunham and William K. Simpson, The Mastaba of Queen Mersyankh III, Boston, 1974. A minor consequence of that reading is their adoption of the new interpretation of one of the queen's titles, as proposed in JEA 60, 94-9, although a reference to the article has been inadvertently omitted. 2 Drawn from the photograph in pi. 13c. 3 Another segment of relief (pi. 13a) is also of special interest because it shows a female dwarf (not a male, as stated on p. 3) as in a similar scene in the tomb of Queen Nbt (Zaki Saad, ASAE 40 [1941], 683 and pi. 79); cf. also Petrie, Athribis, pi. 1, and Kaplony, Inschriften der agyptischen Fruhzeit, Supplement, p. 33 and pi. 5 4 (Abb. 1067). Cf. Wb. in, 92 and Gardiner, Egn. Gr. 75. 5 The substitution of ? for j does occur in a faulty writing of the title smr (Urk. 1, 209 [4]), but this anomaly is purely coincidental. 6 The ball of cord is near the top in BM 1223 (T. G. H. James, Hieroglyphic Texts, i2, pi. 8 [2]) and is even higher, like the present example, in Davies, Deir el Gebrdwi, 1, pi. 16; Junker, Giza, in, pi. 2 (two examples, one
[Footnotes 6 and 7 continued on p. 247"]

BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS

247

Thus the inscription in question is probably to be read as wd hmt-t ma . . . , 'thy majesty commands the viewing of. . . , ' referring to the presentation of offerings. The figure who makes this statement is evidently leading an animal, and the signs above him are to be interpreted as an incomplete title: imy-r. . . . A direct address of this kind, directed to the recipient of offerings and referring to the 'viewing' of the presentation, is known from a similar context in two Fifth-Dynasty tombs at Giza, one copied from the other: ( ] ^ > ^ ^ 3 ^ 1 k \ ^ H > 'this is to be seen, O beloved.'1 In the present case the missing object of mn may similarly be 'this', but the lacuna would admit an alternative of slightly greater length. The use of the term wd is generally confined to the king before the Sixth Dynasty and even at that late a date it is applied to non-royal persons only secondarily;2 thus at Deir el-Gebrawi a scribe has the epithet iri wd nb-f, 'who executes the command of his lord,' who is presumably the local nomarch, and two notables of Dendera claim the epithet rs-tp r wdt srw, 'vigilant concerning that which the officials command'.3 As a rule the non-royal equivalent is wd-mdwt* although this too is associated with the king in the fairly common title imy-r wdwt-mdw nt nswt. The entire phrase wd hmt-t is therefore highly exceptional: this is not only the earliest recorded instance of a queen who is called 'thy majesty', but is also the first instance of a queen who 'commands'.
HENRY G. FISCHER

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