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Warning
9 OTDRs should not be used to measure cable plant loss. They can not show the actual cable plant loss that system will see 9 The limited distance resolution of the OTDR
OTDR
OTDR
OTDR
OTDR
OTDR
OTDR
OTDRs only see the middle of the multimode fiber core an OTDR will measure 6-7 dB of loss for a multimode cable plant that tests at 10 dB with a source and power meter.
OTDR
OTDR
OTDR
A Sample of Mini-OTDR
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Start-km: 0 km - 100 km Span: 1 km - 400 km Readout resolution: 0.08 m Minimum sample spacing: 0.1m Refractive index: 1.0000 - 2.0000 Backscatter coefficient: 20 - 60 dB at 1s Length unit: km, kft or miles Measurement points: up to 1600 Vertical scale: 0.1 - 10.0 dB/Div Read-out resolution: 0.001 dB Reflectance range: -14 dB to -60 dB
This section describes measurement procedure for the typical measurement items with the software program , one the most important is the wintrace software . In this section ,these operation items are briefly explained as measurement procedure centering around the sequence of execution . Note that the distance Range , pulse width , and other values set in this procedure are just examples , and not actually required values . When we use this software first of all , the follow specification chart have to use .
1 The title : operator choose for the optical fiber link. 2 Date : Set the day of measuring . 3 Time : Set the time of measuring . 4 Device : The kind of measuring equipment .
5 Lambda : Select wavelength . 6 Pulse : Set the pulse width ( 100 ns ) it shows the pulse of OTDR laser for measuring long hall . 7 Acquisition time : Time duration to access the graph .
8 Range : Set the distance Range . 9 Index : Input the reflective index of the fiber ( like as 1.465 , it is suitable for step index SM ) 10 Cable Number : Number of cable in the route , show number of cable in this part .
11 Fiber Number : The number of fiber in the cable . 12 Way : open ------ end OR open -----extrimity display the cursor indicates the absolute distance from the output connector to the fault location of fiber or end of fiber .
TRACE ANALYZING OTDR shows two events: 1-all reflection of the light when passing the length of the fiber. 2-Optical fiber atteuation.
One Important Point: All fiber losses is not from manufacturing parameters. Some times bad installation increase the attenuation of the fiber, Because of: Micro and macro bending OH diffusion Strength because of extra pushing and/or pulling. Temperature increase.
At the beginning of the graph, sometimes there are two peaks, the small one is not a real loss of reflection and called ghost.
Ghost caused by multiple reflection . If the reflected light at the connector (connecting point) returns back to the source and reflects again. In this case , optical pulse may seem to be re- emitted from the source . This irregular reflection appears as a an extra peaks of loss.
1 Slope
2 Splice
3 Reflection
4 - Real.dis : Shows distance between events 5 Slope : Shows slops between events
Fiber scope
DIN
FC/PC
SC
FSMA
SM
E-2000