Instructors Solutions Manual

Instructor's Solutions Manual
M. Asghar Bhatti
Advanced Topics in Finite Element

Analysis of Structures
with Computations Using Mathematica and Matlab
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2006
CHAPTER ONE
Essential Background
1.1
An engineering analysis problem is formulated in terms of the following second order boundary value
problem
-u x4 - u + u = x; 0 < x < 1
uH0L = 4 and u H1L = 1
Derive a suitable weak form for use with the Galerkin method. Clearly indicate how the boundary conditions will be handled.
With uHxL as an assumed solution the residual is

eHxL = -uHxL x4 - x - u HxL + uHxL
Multiplying by wHxL and writing integral over the given limits, the Galerkin weighted residual is
0 H-u w x4 - w x - w u + w uL dx = 0
1
Using integration by parts, the order of derivative in w u can be reduced to 1 as follows.

0 Hw uL dx = wH1L u H1L - wH0L u H0L + 0 H-u w L dx
1
Combining all terms, the weighted residual now is as follows.
wH1L u H1L - wH0L u H0L + 0 H-w Iu x4 + x + u M - u w L dx = 0

1
Consider the boundary terms

wH1L u H1L - wH0L u H0L
Each one of these terms gives rise to two possibilities

-wH0L u H0L
wH1L u H1L
Either -u H0L is known or wH0L = 0
Either u H1L is known or wH1L = 0
From these requirements the possible boundary conditions are as follows:

-u H0L is given
NBC
1
2
u H1L is given
EBC
or
wH0L = 0 Must satisfy uH0L boundary condition
or
wH1L = 0 Must satisfy uH1L boundary condition
Given NBC for the problem:

u H1L - 1 = 0
Rearranging: H u H1L 1 L
Given EBC for the problem:

uH0L - 4 = 0
therefore with admissible solutions Hthose satisfying EBCL: H w H0L 0 L

Thus the boundary terms in the weak form reduce to:
wH1L
Assuming admissible solutions the final weak form is as follows.
wH1L + 0 H-w Iu x4 + x + u M - u w L dx = 0
1
1.2
An engineering analysis problem is formulated in terms of the following ordinary differential equation
2
d u
du
- x
= u; 0 < x < 1
dx
dx2
duH0L
duH1L
uH0L =
- 2;
= 1
dx
dx
Obtain a suitable weak form for the problem. What is the order of the differential equation? Is the boundary condition at x = 0 a natural or an essential boundary condition? Is the boundary condition at x = 1 a
natural or an essential boundary condition?
(i) Second-order
(ii) Natural
(iii) Natural
(iv)

eHxL = -uHxL - x u HxL + uHxL
Multiplying by wi HxL and writing integral over the given limits, the Galerkin weighted residual is
0 H-u wi - x u wi + u wi L dx = 0
1
Using integration by parts, the order of derivative in wi u can be reduced to 1 as follows.

0 Hwi u L dx = wi H1L u H1L - wi H0L u H0L + 0 H-u wi L dx
1
wi H1L u H1L - wi H0L u H0L + 0 H-u wi - u Hx wi + wi LL dx = 0

1
wi H1L u H1L - wi H0L u H0L

-wi H0L u H0L
wi H1L u H1L
Either -u H0L is known or wi H0L = 0
Either u H1L is known or wi H1L = 0

-u H0L is given
wi H0L = 0 Must satisfy uH0L boundary condition
NBC
1
2
u H1L is given
EBC
wi H1L = 0 Must satisfy uH1L boundary condition
or
or
Given NBC for the problem:

uH0L - u H0L + 2 = 0
u H1L - 1 = 0
i u H0L u H0L + 2 yz
Rearranging: jj
z
u H1L 1
k
{
wi H1L - HuH0L + 2L wi H0L
Thus the boundary terms in the weak form reduce to:

wi H1L - HuH0L + 2L wi H0L + 0 H-u wi - u Hx wi + wi LL dx = 0
1
(v)
Linear solution
Starting assumed solution: uHxL = a0 + x a1
Weighting functions 81, x<
Substitute into the weak form and perform integrations to get:

Weight
Equation
-2 a0 - a1 - 1 = 0
a0
5 a1
-
3 + 1 = 0
-
2
Solving these equations we get

16
15
:a0 - , a1 >
17
17
Substituting into the admissible solution we get the following solution of the problem.
1
uHxL = H15 x - 16L
17
1.3
Steady state heat flow through long hollow circular cylinders can be described by the following ordinary
differential equation.
dTHrL
d
Ik A
M + A Q = 0; ri < r < ro
dr
dr
THri L = Ti ; THro L = T0
where r is the radial coordinate, THrL is the temperature, k is the thermal conductivity, Q is the heat generation per unit area, A = 2 p r L the surface area, L is the length of the cylinder, ri is the inner radius, and ro is
the outer radius. The boundary conditions specify the temperature on the inside and outside of the cylinder respectively. Derive finite element equations for a typical two node linear element for the problem
with nodes at r1 and r2 . Assume k and Q are constant over the element. Note that A is a function of r and is
not constant over the element.
Derivation of element equations
Element nodes: 8r1 , r2 <
r2 -r
Interpolation functions, NT = I
r2 -r1
r1 -r
r1 -r2 M
B T = dNT dx = I
r -r
1
kHrL = 2 k L p r
M
r -r
2
pHrL = 0
qHrL = 2 L p Q r
jij 2 k k
jj
{
jj
r2
Hr1 -r2 L2
T
j
k k = r1 H2 k L p r B B L r = jj
2
2
jj
jj 2 k L p ijj r22 - r21 yzz
j
k
{
k Hr1 -r2 L Hr2 -r1 L
i r2 r2 y
L p jj 22 - 21 zz
zyz
zz
zz
zz
z
ij r22 r12 yz z
zz
2 k L p j 2 - 2 z z
k
{ z
Hr2 -r1 L2
{
i r2 r2 y
2 k L p jj 22 - 21 zz
k
{
Hr1 -r2 L Hr2 -r1 L
r2
1
1
r Tq = r1 H2 L p Q r NL r = :- L p Q Hr1 - r2 L H2 r1 + r2 L, - L p Q Hr1 - r2 L Hr1 + 2 r2 L>
3
3
The complete element equations are as follows.

ij 2 k L p jij r22 - r21 zyz
jj
k
{
jj
Hr1 -r2 L2
jj
jj
2
2
jj
jj 2 k L p ijj r22 - r21 yzz
j
{
k
k Hr1 -r2 L Hr2 -r1L
2
yz
zz
zz T
zz ij 1
zz j
2
2
ij r2 r1 yz z
zz k T2
2 k L p j 2 - 2 z z
{ z
k
Hr2 -r1 L2
{
i r2 r2 y
2 k L p jj 22 - 21 zz
k
{
Hr1 -r2 L Hr2 -r1 L
1
yz ijjj - 3 L p Q Hr1 - r2 L H2 r1 + r2 L yzzz
z = jj
z
{ k - 1 L p Q Hr1 - r2 L Hr1 + 2 r2 L z{
3
1.4
Consider solution of the following second order boundary value problem using two node linear elements.
2
d u
du
=
; 0 < x < 100
dx
dx2
uH0L = 50; uH100L = 10

(a) Show that the following is an appropriate weak form for a typical linear element with nodes at arbitrary locations x1 and x2
x1 Hu Hwi + wi LL dx = 0
x2
where wi HxL are suitable weighting functions.

(b) Using the weak form given in (a), and the assumed solution written in terms of following interpolation
functions
i u1 y
i u1 y
uHxL = H N1 N2 L jj zz; u HxL = H N1 N2 L jj zz
k u2 {
k u2 {
show that the element equations for a two node linear element for this problem are as follows.
ij x 2 HN1 + N1 L N1 dx x 2 HN1 + N1 L N2 dx yz u
1
jj 1
zz ij 1 yz ij 0 yz
jj x
zj z = j z
j 2 HN + N L N dx x2 HN + N L N dx zz k u2 { k 0 {
2
2
2
1
2
2
x1
k x1
{
x
(c) Carrying out integrations, the element equations in (b) can be expressed as follows.
-L + 2 L - 2 y i u1 y i 0 y
1 i
zz jj zz = jj zz
jj
2L
-L
- 2 L + 2 { k u2 { k 0 {
k
where L = x2 - x1 , the element length. Using three of these elements, with nodes located at 0, 60, 90, and
100 determine an approximate solution of the problem.

eHxL = u HxL - u HxL
Multiplying by wi HxL and writing integral over the given limits, the Galerkin weighted residual is
x1 Hwi u - wi u L dx = 0
x2
Using integration by parts, the order of derivative in -wi u can be reduced to 1 as follows.
x1 H-wi u L dx = wi Hx1 L u Hx1 L - wi Hx2 L u Hx2 L + x1 Hu wi L dx
x2
x2

wi Hx1 L u Hx1 L - wi Hx2 L u Hx2 L + x1 Hu Hwi + wi LL dx = 0
x2
wi Hx1 L u Hx1 L - wi Hx2 L u Hx2 L

wi Hx1 L u Hx1 L
-wi Hx2 L u Hx2 L
Either u Hx1 L is known or wi Hx1 L = 0
Either -u Hx2 L is known or wi Hx2 L = 0

u Hx1 L is given
NBC
1
2
-u Hx2 L is given
wi Hx1 L = 0 Must satisfy uHx1 L boundary condition
EBC
or
or
wi Hx2 L = 0 Must satisfy uHx2 L boundary condition
Given EBC for the problem:

uHx1 L - u1 = 0
uHx2 L - u2 = 0
i wi Hx1 L 0 yz
z
therefore with admissible solutions Hthose satisfying EBCL: jj
k wi Hx2 L 0 {
All boundary terms vanish.
x1 Hu Hwi + wi LL dx = 0
x2
Assumed solution
i u1 y
uHxL = H N1 N2 L jj zz NT d
k u2 {
i u1 y
u HxL = H N1 N2 L jj zz BT d
k u2 {
Weighting functions wi = Ni
Weak form
x1 HNi + Ni L u dx = 0
Two equations
2
2
x1 HN1 + N1 L u dx = 0; x1 HN2 + N2 L u dx = 0
Writing together in a matrix form
x2
x1
ij N1 + N1 yz
jj
z N N2
zH 1
N
+
N
2
2
k
{
i0y
i u1 y
L jj zz dx = jj zz
k0{
k u2 {
ij x 2 HN1 + N1 L N1 dx x 2 HN1 + N1 L N2 dx yz u
1
jj 1
zz ij 1 yz ij 0 yz
jj x
zj z = j z
j 2 HN + N L N dx x2 HN + N L N dx zz k u2 { k 0 {
2
2
2
1
2
2
x
x
k 1
{
1
x
Linear assumed solution

x-x2
uHxL = I
x1 -x2
iu y
x- x1
j 1 zz
x2 -x1 M j
k u2 {
8n1, n2< = 8Hx - x2L Hx1 - x2L, Hx - x1L Hx2 - x1L< . x2 Hx1 + LL; 8b1, b2< = 8D@n1, xD, D@n2, xD<;
Integrate@Hn1 + b1L b1, 8x, x1, x1 + L<D Together

2-L
2L

L-2
2L
10

-L - 2
2L

L+2
2L
-L + 2 L - 2 y i u1 y i 0 y
1 i
zz jj zz = jj zz
jj
2L
k -L - 2 L + 2 { k u2 { k 0 {
k@L_D := 1 H2 LL 88-L + 2, L - 2<, 8-L - 2, L + 2<<;
Element 1: L= 60
k1 = k@60D
29
ij -
jj 60
jj 31
k -
60
29
jij -
jj 60
j 31
k -
60
29
y
60 z
zz
z
31 z
60 {
29
y i u1 y i 0 y
60 z
zz jj zz = jj zz
z
31 z
{ k u2 { k 0 {
60
Element 2: L= 30
k2 = k@30D
7
ij -
jj 15
jj 8
k -
15
7
ij -
jj 15
jj 8
k -
15
y
15 z
zz
z
8 z
15 {
y i u2 y i 0 y
15 z
zz jj zz = jj zz
zz
8 { k u3 { k 0 {
15
Element 3: L= 10
k3 = k@10D
ij - 52
jj
jj 3
k - 5
25 yz
zz
z
3 z
5 {
11
ij - 25
jj
jj 3
k - 5
25 yz i u3 y i 0 y
zz jj zz = jj zz
zz
3 { k u4 { k 0 {
5
Global equations
K = Table@0, 84<, 84<D;

K@@81, 2<, 81, 2<DD += k1;
K@@82, 3<, 82, 3<DD += k2;
K@@83, 4<, 83, 4<DD += k3; K
29
29
ij -
0
60
jj 60
jj 31
1
7
jj -
jj 60
20
15
jj
jj
2
8
jj

0 -
jj
15
15
jj
j
0
0 - 35
k
29
29
ij -
0
60
jj 60
jj 31
1
7
jj -
jj 60
20
15
jjj
8
2
jj

0 -
jj
15
15
jj
j
0
0 - 35
k
0 yz
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
z
52 zzzz
zz
z
35 z{
0 yz
zz i u1 y i 0 y
zz jj zz jj zz
0 zzz jjj u2 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz = jj zz
z jj zz jj zz
25 zzzz jjj u3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zzz j u z j 0 z
35 z{ k 4 { k {
Essential boundary conditions

u1 = 50; u4 = 10
Introducing known values and removing the first and the last equations
31
1
ij -
20
jj 60
jj
8
0 -
k
15
15
2
15
Rearranging equations
1
jij
20
jj
j 8
k -
15
ij 50 yz
j z
0 yz jjj u2 zzz i 0 y
zz jj zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
25 { jjj u3 zzz k 0 {
j z
k 10 {
7
31
y i u2 y i 0 y
15 z
zz jj zz = jj zz - 50 ijjj -
60
j
z k u3 { k 0 {
2 z
{
k 0
15
yz
i 0 y
zz - 10 jjj zzz
z
j 2 z
{
k 5 {
Thus the final system of equations is as follows.
12
1
ij
jj 20
jj 8
k -
15
7
155
y i u2 y i
15 z
zz jj zz = jjj 6 yzzz
z
j
z
2 zku {
3
k -4 {
15 {
Nodal solution
Kf = K@@82, 3<, 82, 3<DD
1
ij
jj 20
jj 8
k -
15
y
15 z
zz
z
2 z
15 {
Rf = -50 8K@@2, 1DD, K@@3, 1DD< - 10 8K@@2, 4DD, K@@3, 4DD<

155
: , -4>
6
sol = LinearSolve@Kf, RfD

478 1222
: , >
23
23
d = 850, sol@@1DD, sol@@2DD, 10<

478 1222
:50, , , 10>
23
23
Element solution
8n1, n2< = 8Hx - x2L Hx1 - x2L, Hx - x1L Hx2 - x1L<;

ux1 = 8n1, n2<.d@@81, 2<DD . 8x1 0, x2 60< Expand
56 x
50 -
115

124 x
1010
-
115
23

10150
496 x
-
23
115
Clear@uD; exactSol = DSolve@8u''@xD u'@xD, u@0D 50, u@100D == 10<, u@xD, xD
13
10 H1 - 5 100 + 4 x L
99uHxL -
==
-1 + 100
Plot@8exactSol@@1, 1, 2DD, Which@x 60, ux1, x 90, ux2, x > 90, ux3D<, 8x, 0, 100<, PlotRange AllD;
50
40
30
20
20
40
D@exactSol@@1, 1, 2DD, 8x, 2<D
60
80
100
40 x
-
-1 + 100
D@exactSol@@1, 1, 2DD, xD
40 x
-
-1 + 100
1.5
Consider the following boundary value problem
d
du
2
Ix
M =
1 < x < 2
dx
dx
x2
du
H2L = - 14
uH1L = 2 and
dx
Compare solution and its first derivative obtained by using the following two models.
(a) Use two equal length linear finite elements.
(b) Use one quadratic finite element.
14
Element nodes: 8x1 , x2 <
x-x2
x1 -x2
B T = dNT dx = I
x -x
1
kHxL = x
kk =
M
x -x
pHxL = 0
x2
x1 Hx
x1 -x
x1 -x2 M
1
2
ji -
2 x1 -2 x2
B B L dx = jjjj x +x
1
2
2 x1 -2 x2
k
x +x
2
qHxL = - 2
x
x1 +x2
2 x -2 x
1
x1 +x2
-
2 x1 -2 x2
zyz
zz
z
{
x2
2
2 HHlogHx1 L - logHx2 L - 1L x1 + x2 L 2 Hx1 + H-logHx1 L + logHx2 L - 1L x2 L
>
r Tq = x1 H- 2 NL x = :
x
x1 Hx1 - x2 L
Hx1 - x2 L x2

x
x
ij
22 - 21
jj
jj
Hx1 -x2 L2
jj
jj
x2
x2
jj
22 - 21
j
k Hx1 -x2 L Hx2 -x1 L

2
x
x
y
22 - 21
2 HHlog Hx1 L-log Hx2 L-1L x1 +x2 L
i
zzz u
x1 Hx1 -x2 L
Hx1 -x2 L Hx2 -x1 L z
zz ij 1 yz jjjj
z
=
j
z
j
z
2 Hx1 +H-log Hx1 L+log Hx2 L-1L x2 L
zz k u2 { jj
x2
x2

22 - 21
zz
Hx1 -x2 L x2
k
2
Hx2 -x1 L
{
2
2 element solution
Nodal locations: 81, 1.5, 2<
Element 1
Element nodes: 8x1 1, x2 1.5<

ij 2.5
j
k -2.5
-2.5 y i u1 y i -0.37814 y
zz jj zz = jj
zz
{ k u2 { k -0.288527 {
2.5
Global equations after assembly of this element

ij 2.5
jj
jj -2.5
jj
j
k0
Element 2
-2.5
2.5
0
0 y i u1
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
0 { k u3
yz ij -0.37814 yz
z
zz jj
zz = jj -0.288527 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
z j
{
{ k0
Element nodes: 8x2 1.5, x3 2<
yz
zz
zz
zz
{
15
ij 3.5
j
k -3.5
-3.5 yz ij u2
zj
3.5 { k u3
yz ij -0.182605 yz
z=j
z
{ k -0.150728 {

ij 2.5
jj
jj -2.5
jj
j
k0
-2.5
6.
-3.5
yz ij u1
zj
-3.5 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
3.5 { k u3
0
yz ij -0.37814 yz
zz jj
z
zz = jj -0.471132 zzz
zzz jjj
zzz
{ k -0.150728 {
Global equations before boundary conditions

ij 2.5
jj
jj -2.5
jj
j
k0
-2.5
6.
-3.5
yz ij u1
zj
-3.5 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
3.5 { k u3
0
yz ij -0.37814 yz
zz jj
z
zz = jj -0.471132 zzz
zz jj
zz
z j
z
{ k -0.150728 {
Natural boundary conditions

DOF
u3
- 41
DOF
kHxL
-kHxL a
kHxL b
u3
- 12
Global equations after incorporating NBC

ij 2.5
jj
jj -2.5
jj
j
k0
-2.5
6.
-3.5
yz ij u1
zj
-3.5 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
3.5 { k u3
0
yz ij -0.37814 yz
zz jj
z
zz = jj -0.471132 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
z j
{ k -0.650728 {

DOF
Value
u1
Incorporating EBC the final system of equations is

ij 6.
j
k -3.5
-3.5 y i u2 y i 4.52887 y
zz = jj
zz jj
zz
3.5 { k u3 { k -0.650728 {
Solution for nodal unknowns

DOF
Solution
u1
u2
1.5
1.55126
u3
1.36533
16
Solution over elements

Element 1
Nodes: 8x1 1, x2 1.5<
Interpolation functions: NT = 83. - 2. x, 2. x - 2.<
Nodal values: d T = 82, 1.55126<
Solution: uHxL = NT d = 2.89749 - 0.897488 x

Element 2
Nodes: 8x1 1.5, x2 2<
Interpolation functions: NT = 84. - 2. x, 2. x - 3.<
Nodal values: d T = 81.55126, 1.36533<
Solution: uHxL = NT d = 2.10902 - 0.371845 x

Solution summary
Range
Solution
1 x 1.5
2.89749 - 0.897488 x
1.5 x 2
2.10902 - 0.371845 x

1
Element nodes: :x1 , Hx1 + x3 L, x3 >
2
Hx3 -xL H-2 x+x1 +x3 L
Hx1 -x3 L2
3
B T = dNT dx = I -
Hx1 -x3 L2
-4 x+x +3 x
kHxL = x
pHxL = 0
11 x1 +3 x3
ij -
jj 6 x1 -6 x3
j
j
x3
j 2 H3 x1 +x3 L
k k = x1 Hx B B T L dx = jjjj
jj 3 Hx1 -x3 L
jj
x1 +x3
j -
k 6 x1 -6 x3
2
qHxL = - 2
x
2 H3 x1 +x3 L
3 Hx -x L
8 Hx1 +x3 L
-
3 Hx -x L
1
2 Hx1 +3 x3 L
3 Hx1 -x3 L
1
-4 x+3 x1 +x3
-
M
Hx1 -x3 L2
4 H-2 x+x1 +x3 L
Hx -x L2
1
4 Hx1 -xL Hx-x3 L
Hx -x L2
x1 +x3
-
y
6 x1 -6 x3 z
zz
zz
zz
2 Hx1 +3 x3 L
zz
3 Hx1 -x3 L
zz
zz
3 x1 +11 x3 z
z
-
6 x1 -6 x3 {
Hx1 -xL H-2 x+x1 +x3 L
M
Hx1 -x3 L2
17
x3
2 HHlogHx1 L - logHx3 L - 3L x12 + H3 logHx1 L - 3 logHx3 L + 2L x3 x1 + x32 L
2
r Tq = x1 H- 2 NL x = 9-
,
x
x1 Hx1 - x3 L2
8 HHlogHx1 L - logHx3 L - 2L x1 + HlogHx1 L - logHx3 L + 2L x3 L
,
Hx1 - x3 L2
2 Hx12 + H-3 logHx1 L + 3 logHx3 L + 2L x3 x1 + H-logHx1 L + logHx3 L - 3L x32 L
=
Hx1 - x3 L2 x3
11 x1 +3 x3
ij -
jj 6 x1 -6 x3
jj
2 H3 x +x L
jj
jj 3 Hx11-x33L
jj
jj
x1 +x3
j -
-6 x
k 6 x
1
2 H3 x1 +x3 L
3 Hx -x L
8 Hx1 +x3 L
-
3 Hx -x L
1
2 Hx1 +3 x3 L
3 Hx1 -x3 L
1
x1 +x3
-
y
6 x1 -6 x3 z
zz i u1
zz jj
2 Hx1 +3 x3 L
zzzz jjjj u2
3 Hx1 -x3 L
zz jj
z u
3 x1 +11 x3 z
-
z k 3
6 x -6 x {
1
2 HHlog Hx1 L-log Hx3 L-3L x1 +H3 log Hx1 L-3 log Hx3 L+2L x3 x1 +x3 L
ij -
x1 Hx1 -x3 L2
yz jjjj
zz jj
8 HHlog Hx1 L-log Hx3 L-2L x1 +Hlog Hx1 L-log Hx3 L+2L x3 L
zz = jj
zz jj
Hx1 -x3 L2
z jj
{ jj 2 Hx21 +H-3 log Hx1 L+3 log Hx3 L+2L x3 x1 +H-log Hx1 L+log Hx3 L-3L x23 L

Hx1 -x3 L2 x3
k
2
1 element solution
Nodal locations: 81, 1.5, 2<
Element 1
Element nodes: 8x1 1, x2 1.5, x3 2<
17
ij
jj 6
jj 10
jj -
jj 3
jj
jj 1
k 2
10
-
8
14
-
yz u
zz ji 1
zj
14 z
- 3 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
z
25
6 z{ k u3
12
-2 H5 - 7 log H2LL
zyz jij
zz = jj 8 H2 - 3 log H2LL
zz jj
zz jj
{ k -7 + 10 log H2L
zyz
zz
zz
zz
{

17
ij
jj 6
jj 10
jj -
jj 3
jj
jj 1
k 2
10
-
12
14
-
14
-
25
yz u
zz ij 1
zz jj
zzz jjj u2
zz jj
zz
z k u3
{
yz ij -2 H5 - 7 log H2LL
zz jj
zz jj
z j
{ k -7 + 10 log H2L
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
Global equations before boundary conditions

17
ij
jj 6
jj 10
jj -
jj 3
jjj
j 1
k 2
10
-
8
14
-
yz u
zz ij 1
zz j
14 z
-
3 zzz jjjj u2
zzz jj
25
6 z{ k u3
12
Natural boundary conditions
yz ij -2 H5 - 7 log H2LL
zz jj
zzz jjj
{ k -7 + 10 log H2L
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
18
DOF
u3
-0.25
DOF
kHxL
-kHxL a
kHxL b
u3
-0.5
Global equations after incorporating NBC

17
ij
jj 6
jj 10
jj -
jj 3
jj
jj 1
k 2
10
-
8
14
-
yz u
zz ji 1
zj
14 z
- 3 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
z
25
6 z{ k u3
12
-2 H5 - 7 log H2LL
zyz jij
zz jj
zz jj
{ k -0.568528
zyz
zz
zz
zz
{

DOF
Value
u1
Incorporating EBC the final system of equations is

jij 8
jj
j 14
k - 3
14
20
y i u2 y i
-
+ 8 H2 - 3 log H2LL yz
3 z
zz jj
zz = jjj 3
zz
z
z
zku { j
25
6 { 3
{
k -1.56853
Solution for nodal unknowns

DOF
Solution
u1
u2
1.5
1.54124
u3
1.34975
Solution over elements

Element 1
Nodes: 8x1 1, x2 1.5, x3 2<
Interpolation functions: NT = 92 x2 - 7 x + 6, -4 x2 + 12 x - 8, 2 x2 - 5 x + 3=
Nodal values: d T = 82, 1.54124, 1.34975<
Solution: uHxL = NT d = 0.534517 x2 - 2.25381 x + 3.71929

Solution summary
Range
Solution
1x2
0.534517 x2 - 2.25381 x + 3.71929
19
uHxL
1.2
1.9
1.4
1.6
1.8
2 Linear
1 Quadratic
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
duHxLdx
1.2
-0.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2 Linear
1 Quadratic
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1.2
1.6
A four node quadrilateral element is shown in Figure 1.12.
y 80, 3< 2 Actual element
80, 0< 3
Master element
t
1
82, 2<
2
4
84, -1<
x
2
2
Figure 1.12.
20
(i) Develop an appropriate mapping to map the actual element into a 2 2 master element shown in the
figure.
(ii) Compute N3 y where N3 Hs , tL is the third interpolation function for the master element. Give the
value of the derivative at node 3 of the element.
(iii) Compute N3 dA where N3 Hs , tL is the third interpolation function for the master element and A is
A
the area of the actual element. Use numerical integration with a 1 1 Gauss quadrature formula. No credit
will be given if any other integration method is used, even if the integral is correct.
(iv) Compute N3 c dc where c is the line 3-4 of the element and N3 c is the third interpolation function for
c
the master element expressed in a coordinate that runs along this line. Use numerical integration with a 2
point Gauss quadrature formula. No credit will be given if any other integration method is used, even if
the integral is correct.
(i)
1
1
1
1
NT = : Hs - 1L Ht - 1L, - Hs + 1L Ht - 1L, Hs + 1L Ht + 1L, - Hs - 1L Ht + 1L>
4
4
4
4
Mapping to the master element

ts
3s
t
3
xHs,tL = - - + +
2
2
2
2
s
3t
yHs,tL = - + 1
2
2
ij - 2t - 32
J = jjjj
1
k 2
(ii)
12 - s2 yz
zz
zz
3
- 2
{
Ni
Ni
Ni
1
=
I-J12
+ J11
M
y
detJ
s
t
s
3t
detJ = + + 2
4
4
21
1
N3 = Hs + 1L Ht + 1L;
4
t+1
N3 s = ;
4
s +1
N3 t =
4
s +t+2
N3 y = -

s +3t+8
1
N3 y = -
3
At node 3, s = t = 1;
(iii)
1
3t
is
y
fHs,tL = N3 detJ = Hs + 1L jj + + 2zz Ht + 1L
4
4
k4
{
Point
si ,sj
0.
0.
fHsi ,sj L
wi wj
wi wj fHsi ,sj L
0.5
4.
2.
I 2.
(iv)
For side 3-4, t = 1 and s = -a. The interpolation functions and the mapping is as follows.
1-a a +1
NTc = :0, 0, , >
2
2
x = 2 a + 2;
dx
= 2;
da
a
1
y = - - ;
2
2
dy
1
= - ;
da
2
!!!!!!!
2
2
17
ij dx yz ij dy yz %
Jc = $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ =
2
k da { k da {
22
The integral then is written as follows.

1 !!!!!!!
fHaL = N3 c Jc = 17 H1 - aL
4
Using 2 point integration this can be evaluated as follows.
ai
fHai L
wi
wi fHai L
-0.57735
1.
1.6259
1.6259
0.57735
1.
0.435657
0.435657
I 2.06155
23
1.7
A four node quadrilateral element is shown in Figure 1.13.
80, 4< 2
1
82, 4<
Master element
t
4
80, 0< 3
4
84, -4<
s
1
2
2
Figure 1.13.
figure. Verify that the mapping is good.
(ii) Compute N2 x where N2 Hs , tL is the second interpolation function for the master element. Give the
value of the derivative at the element centroid Hs = t = 0L.
(iii) Compute N24 dA where N4 Hs , tL is the fourth interpolation function for the master element and A is
A
will be given if any other integration method is used, even if the answer is correct.
figure. Verify that the mapping is good.
24
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4

3s
3
ts
t
xHs,tL = - - + +
2
2
2
2
yHs,tL = t s + s - 3 t + 1
i - t - 32
J = jjjj 2
kt+1
12 - s2 yz
zz
z
s -3 {
detJ = -s + t + 4
The detJ is zero along the line on which

8t s - 4<
This is clearly outside of the domain -1 s , t 1 and thus the mapping is good. The following contour
plot of detJ also shows this graphically.
25
-2
-4
-4
-2
(ii) Compute N2 x where N2 Hs , tL is the second interpolation function for the master element. Give the
value of the derivative at the element centroid Hs = t = 0L.
Ni
Ni
Ni
1
=
IJ22
- J21
M
x
detJ
s
t
i - t - 32
J = jjjj 2
k t+1
12 - s2 zy
zz
z
s -3 {
1
N2 = - Hs + 1L Ht - 1L;
4
s +2t-1
N2 x = -
;
2 Hs - t - 4L
detJ = -s + t + 4
1-t
N2 s = ;
4
1
N2 s = H-s - 1L
4
1
At s=0 and t=0: N2 x = -
8
26
1
-
8
(iii) Compute N24 dA where N4 Hs , tL is the fourth interpolation function for the master element and A is
A
will be given if any other integration method is used, even if the answer is correct.
1
N4 = - Hs - 1L Ht + 1L
4
1
fHs,tL = N24 detJ = Hs - 1L2 Ht + 1L2 H-s + t + 4L
16
fHsi ,sj L
wi wj
wi wj fHsi ,sj L
-0.57735
0.
0.711788
2.
1.42358
0.57735
0.
0.0382123
2.
0.0764247
Point
si ,sj
I 1.5
CHAPTER TWO
Analysis of Elastic Solids
2.1
The lower portion of an aluminum step bracket, shown in Figure 2.30, is subjected to a uniform pressure
of 20 N mm2 . The left end is fixed and the right end is free. The dimensions of the bracket are
thickness = 3 mm, L = 150 mm, b = 10 mm, and h = 24 mm. Fillets of 3 mm radius are provided at the two
re-entrant corners. The material properties are E = 70, 000 N mm2 and n = 0.3. Determine stresses in the
bracket using solid elements. Compare results with a planar finite element model.
Elastic Solids
Pressure
L
h2
b Fillet
Fixed
Free
Figure 2.30.
Step bracket
Using Mathematica implementation 2.2
12
16
11
10
14
15
13
4
8
Ignoring fillets the nodal coordinates are as follows.

b=10;L=150;h=24;t=3;
nodes={{0,b-t,0},{0,b,0},{(h-t)/2,b-t,0},{(h+t)/2,b,0},{(h-t)/2,0,0},{(h+t)/2,t,0},{h,0,0},{h,t,0},
{0,b-t,-L},{0,b,-L},{(h-t)/2,b-t,-L},{(h+t)/2,b,-L},{(h-t)/2,0,-L},{(h+t)/2,t,-L},{h,0,-L},{h,t,-L}};TableForm[nodes,Tabl
eHeadings->{Automatic,{"x","y","z"}}]
x
10
21
27
10
21
27
24
24
-150
10
10
-150
11
21
-150
12
27
10
-150
13
21
-150
14
27
-150
15
24
-150
16
24
-150
conn={{1,3,11,9,2,4,12,10},{5,6,14,13,3,4,12,11},{5,7,15,13,6,8,16,14}};
Clear@k, rD; e = 70 * 10^3; nu = 0.3; q = 20;
ne = Length@connD; dof = 3 * Length@nodesD;
lm = Table@Flatten@Map@8H3 #L - 2, H3 * #L - 1, 3 #< &, conn@@iDDDD, 8i, 1, ne<D;
K = Table@0, 8dof<, 8dof<D; R = Table@0, 8dof<D;

Do@8k, r< = Solid8ElasElement@e, nu, 80, 0<, 80, 0, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDDD; K@@lm@@iDD, lm@@iDDDD += k;
R@@lm@@iDDDD += r, 8i, 1, ne<D;
R@@lm@@3DDDD += Solid8FaceLoadTerm@6, -q, nodes@@conn@@3DDDDD;
K
ij 2.03048 106
jj
jj
jjj 691578.
jj
jj
jj -16826.9
jj
jj
jj -1.57838 106
jj
jj
jj -238748.
j
jj
-1.57838 106
-16826.9
691578.
6
-58894.2
5.75707 10
-58894.2
1.73262 10
6
-6.15953 10
-6.15953 10
-8413.46
2.42525 10
-973495.
13461.5
6
1.71844 10
326303.
-13461.5
-18500.8
6
13461.5
6
-8413.46
97790.
-8413.46
6
97790.
6
-238748.
-973495.
6
7.29713 10
-1.71844 10
3365.38
-16826.9
-1.44993
75721.2
911825.
6
2.16286 10
Elastic Solids
jj
jj -8413.46
jj
jj
jj 326303.
jj
jj
jj 318038.
jj
jj
jj
jj -3365.38
jj
jj
jj -776854.
jj
jj
jj -770867.
jj
jj
jj -1682.69
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1.01423 106
jj
jjj
jj 345789.
jjj
jj
jjj 3365.38
jj
jj -789727.
jj
jj
jj
jj -119374.
jj
jj
jj 1682.69
jj
jj
jj 162647.
jj
jj
jj 159019.
jj
jj
jj
jj 16826.9
jj
jj
jj -388696.
jj
jj
jj -385433.
jj
jj
jj
jj 8413.46
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
-1.71844 106
-13461.5
-18500.8
3365.38
6
2.48914 10
-31129.8
-27764.4
-770867.
6
-16826.9
75721.2
6
-1.44993 10
911825.
6
-4.44089 10
911825.
626681.
-1682.69
7572.12
1682.69
604741.
300418.
2.16286 106
1682.69
1682.69
9.58966 1
-7572.12
-2.31323
6
-1.30852 10
-39262.8
3365.38
-4.81 10
-2.08513 10
5889.42
-36120.6
3.30498 10
36177.9
-310864.
-5889.42
-635447.
-3365.38
39543.3
869992.
-7852.56
967090.
649038.
-22996.8
-4.62062
1.08173 1
-5608.97
-3365.38
-789727.
-119374.
-1682.69
162647.
-3.0803 10
-67307.7
-9250.4
-67307.7
-861103.
-16826.9
-3365.38
-725235.
345789.
6
2.87752 10
-11778.8
48895.
11778.8
862777.
1682.69
-1682.69
48895.
6
-3.0803 10
67307.7
67307.7
-9250.4
6
1.21148 10
-486747.
-486747.
6
3.64742 10
-861103.
3365.38
-15144.2
16826.9
-725235.
455913.
15144.2
455913.
6
1.07742 10
-8413.46
8413.46
4.79319 1
1.24406 10
-14302.9
455913.
-2.22072 10
-37860.6
-1.15661
-2524.04
311574.
8413.46
-37860.6
-655204.
7852.56
8413.46
301798.
150209.
16826.9
-2.40585
-385433.
6
-1.04283 10
29447.1
-18060.3
1.65192 10
-841.346
-155432.
29447.1
-318666.
16826.9
-15985.6
432993.
39262.8
483231.
324519.
20753.2
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.31047
540865.
28044.9
80., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -7875., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -7875.,
0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -7875., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -7875., 0.<
debc = Flatten@Map@8H3 #L - 2, H3 * #L - 1, 3 #< &, 81, 2, 9, 10<DD;

ebcVals = Table@0, 8Length@debcD<D;
df = Complement@Range@dofD, debcD
87, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48<
Kf = K@@df, dfDD
ij 9.58966 106
jj
jj
6
jjj -2.31323 10
jj
jj
jj -39262.8
jj
jj
jj -4.81 106
jj
jj
jj -310864.
jj
jj
jj -7852.56
jj
jj
jj
jj 967090.
jj
jj
jj 649038.
jj
jj
jj -22996.8
jj
jj
jj -4.62062 106
jj
jj
jj
6
jjj 1.08173 10
jj
jj -5608.97
jj
j
-2.31323 106
7
1.06987 10
-4.81 106
-39262.8
-58894.2
4.51187 10
-310864.
-6.77364 10
-6.77364 10
7852.56
3.92674 10
1.06977 10
13461.5
6
967090.
-13461.5
312500.
6
-2.57241 10
-16266.
39262.8
90916.7
75721.2
13461.5
6
7852.56
6
-7852.56
6
-310864.
6
-58894.2
-310864.
1.06977 10
6.18109 10
-600962.
6
-13461.5
-2.57241 10
39262.8
75721.2
2.2498 10
-2243.59
312500.
-16266.
90916.7
-600962.
-2243.59
3.92674 1
-341671.
-3365.38
-600962.
-283015.
-1682.69
1.06977 1
139622.
2243.59
1682.69
-42368.6
-39262.8
5608.97
967090.
649038.
22996.8
-4.81 10
312500.
-341671.
-3365.38
-310864.
16266.
3365.38
139622.
-7852.56
3365.38
6
1.08173 10
-1.62917 10
1682.69
-1682.69
6
-1.38852 10
Elastic Solids
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj
jj 4.79319 106
jj
jj
jj -1.15661 106
jj
jj
jj 7852.56
jj
jj
jj -2.40585 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -155432.
jj
jj
jj 39262.8
jj
jj
jj 483231.
jj
jj
jj 324519.
jj
jj
jj
jjj 20753.2
jj
jjj -2.31047 106
jj
jj
jj 540865.
jj
jj
jj 28044.9
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
604741.
300418.
-3365.38
-776854.
-770867.
-1682.69
-39262.8
483231.
0
6
-1.15661 10
6
5.34772 10
-7852.56
-2.40585 10
-11778.8
2.2502 10
11778.8
-155432.
-3.38767 10
-3.38767 10
-39262.8
1.9616 10
67307.7
534887.
6
-67307.7
156250.
6
-67307.7
6
39262.8
6
-155432.
6
-155432.
534887.
6
3.08877 10
-1.28919 10
-12900.6
7852.56
45301.3
-300481.
15144.2
6
67307.7
-1.28919 10
-7852.56
-15144.2
1.11869 10
11217.9
156250.
12900.6
45301.3
-300481.
-11217.9
1.9616 10
-171150.
-16826.9
-300481.
-141665.
-8413.46
534887.
-16826.9
68711.5
-11217.9
-8413.46
-21734.
7852.56
540865.
28044.9
483231.
324519.
20753.2
-2.40585
-814741.
-8413.46
156250.
-171150.
-16826.9
-155432.
-8413.46
-694811.
12900.6
-16826.9
68711.5
39262.8
301798.
150209.
16826.9
-388696.
-385433.
8413.46
Rf = R@@dfDD - K@@df, debcDD.ebcVals
80., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -7875., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,
-7875., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -7875., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -7875., 0.<
The solution for nodal unknowns can now be obtained by using the LinearSolve function as follows.
dfVals = LinearSolve@Kf, RfD Chop
8-0.0281233, -0.148096, -0.00123542, 0.0357204, -0.194093, -0.00175711, -0.186379,

-0.140973, -0.0018374, -0.117813, -0.216582, -0.00169579, -0.196634, -0.489654,
-0.000698367, -0.115447, -0.490419, -0.000714844, -0.0281233, -0.148096, 0.00123542,

0.0357204, -0.194093, 0.00175711, -0.186379, -0.140973, 0.0018374, -0.117813, -0.216582,
0.00169579, -0.196634, -0.489654, 0.000698367, -0.115447, -0.490419, 0.000714844<
The complete vector of nodal values, in the original order established by the node numbering, is as
obtained by combining these values with those specified as essential boundary conditions, as follows.
d = Table@0, 8dof<D;
d@@debcDD = ebcVals;
d@@dfDD = dfVals Chop;
TableForm@Partition@d, 3D, TableHeadings 8Automatic, 8"u", "v", "w"<<D
u
-0.0281233
-0.148096
-0.00123542
0.0357204
-0.194093
-0.00175711
-0.186379
-0.140973
-0.0018374
-0.117813
-0.216582
-0.00169579
-0.196634
-0.489654
-0.000698367
-0.115447
-0.490419
-0.000714844
10
11
-0.0281233
-0.148096
0.00123542
12
0.0357204
-0.194093
0.00175711
13
-0.186379
-0.140973
0.0018374
14
-0.117813
-0.216582
0.00169579
15
-0.196634
-0.489654
0.000698367
16
-0.115447
-0.490419
0.000714844
Using these lists the reactions can be calculated by the following expression.
reactions = K@@debcDD.d - R@@debcDD Chop
898437.5, 13813.5, -170.087, -98437.5, 1936.51, 346.436, 98437.5, 13813.5, 170.087, -98437.5, 1936.51, -346.436<
Eleemnt results
Table@Solid8ElasResults@e, nu, 80, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDD, d@@lm@@iDDDDD Chop, 8i, 1, ne<D
Elastic Solids
17
ij 96,
, -75= 90.000316546, -0.000537245, -9.97511 10-6 , -0.00377553, 0, 0=
2
jj
jj
jjj 812, 5, -75< 8-0.000202404, 0.0010976, -0.0000217524, 0.000905352, 0, 0<
jj
j
3
k 918, 2 , -75= 8-0.000328692, 0.000240058, -0.000016488, -0.000815092, 0, 0<
Using Mathematica implementation 7.2 (Fundamentals book)

b=10;L=150;h=24;t=3;
nodes={{0,b-t}, {0,b}, {(h-t)/2,b-t}, {(h+t)/2,b}, {(h-t)/2,0}, {(h+t)/2,t},{h,0},{h,t}};
TableForm[nodes,TableHeadings->{Automatic,{"x","y"}}]
x
10
21
27
10
21
27
24
24
conn={{1,3,4,2},{5,6,4,3},{5,7,8,6}};
y
10
8
4
1
7
x
10
15
20
Clear@k, rD; e = 70 * 10^3; nu = 0.3; q = 20;

lm = Table@Flatten@Map@8H2 * #L - 1, 2 #< &, conn@@iDDDD, 8i, 1, ne<D;
87.72906, -38.2443, -9.85282,
824.3748, 94.3748, 34.1022, 24.
8-21.9441, 8.6809, -5.13312, -

Do@8k, r< = PlaneQuad4Element@PlaneStress, e, nu, L, 80, 0<, 80, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDDD;
K@@lm@@iDD, lm@@iDDDD += k;
R@@lm@@3DDDD += PlaneQuad4LoadTerm@3, -q, 0, L, nodes@@conn@@3DDDDD;
K
ij 5.85834 106
jj
jj
jj 1.54123 106
jj
jj
jj -4.84495 106
jj
jj
jj -12837.3
jj
jj
j
jjj 1.20897 106
jj
jj
jj 189539.
jj
jj
jj -2.22236 106
jjj
jj
6
jjj -1.71793 10
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
1.54123 106
-4.84495 106
1.41633 10
-301299.
-301299.
-1.50544 10
6
-2.1695 10
7.06957 10
7
-1.50544 10
-2.1695 10
-4.24159 10
6
6.029 10
2.03207 10
6
-1.71793 10
-5.13794 10
2.01697 10
438733.
6.029 10
478000.
2.03207 10
-1.09072 10
-5.1552 10
8.03464 10
-692782.
2.73181 10
-692782.
-692782.
1.04807 1
-1.70828 10
6
2.2619 10
927198.
-1.1369 10
150272.
-1.27067
-5.1552 10
-1.09072 10
-1.27067 10
6
2.01697 1
150272.
2.03207 10
2.48464 10
7
-1.71793
6
2.03207 10
2.38407 1
1.21566 10
169414.
-654762.
-1.33929
6
2.41071 10
2.2619 10
6
2.41071 10
-4.70238 10
1.21566 1
80., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -15750., 0., 0., 0., -15750.<
debc = Flatten@Map@8H2 * #L - 1, 2 #< &, 81, 2<DD;

85, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16<

Kf = K@@df, dfDD
-4.24159 10
-2.22236
189539.
6
1.79269 10
6
478000.
1.20897 106
-12837.3
10
Elastic Solids
ij 2.48464 107
jj
jj
6
jjj -5.1552 10
jj
jjj -1.27067 107
jj
jj
jj -692782.
jj
jj
jj
jj 2.2619 106
jj
jj
jj 927198.
jj
jj
jj -1.1369 107
jj
jj
jj 2.41071 106
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
-5.1552 106
-1.27067 107
2.73181 10
1.21566 10
2.38407 10
-1.33929 10
6
2.41071 10
2.2619 10
6
-4.70238 10
-663919.
927198.
1.21566 10
0
0
0
0
-654762.
-654762.
0
0
0
0
2.41071 1
6
-1.33929 10
6
-1.33929 10
1.21566 10
1.55047 10
-1.1369
927198.
6
169414.
2.38407 10
169414.
-654762.
1.04807 10
-1.70828 10
-1.70828 10
7
-692782.
-692782.
2.2619 106
-692782.
1.04807 10
-1.33929 10
2.2619 10
-663919.
927198.
6
-1.27067
-692782.
2.38407 10
2.38407 10
1.55047 10
7
-1.27067 10
-692782.
2.48464 1
7
-692782.
6
2.01697 10
-1.70828 10
-5.1552
438733.
-4.24159
6
8.03464 10
150272.
6
-2.22236 10
-1.71793 10
2.03207 1
6
1.20897 1
478000.
-1.71793 10
-5.13794 10
80., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -15750., 0., 0., 0., -15750.<
8-0.0296097, -0.151913, 0.0365693, -0.199505, -0.195321,

-0.144626, -0.122681, -0.223941, -0.205819, -0.511253, -0.120452, -0.51249<
TableForm@Partition@d, 2D, TableHeadings 8Automatic, 8"u", "v"<<D
11
-0.0296097
-0.151913
0.0365693
-0.199505
-0.195321
-0.144626
-0.122681
-0.223941
-0.205819
-0.511253
-0.120452
-0.51249
8196875., 32185.9, -196875., -685.919<
Eleemnt results
Table@PlaneQuad4Results@PlaneStress, e, nu, 80, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDD, d@@lm@@iDDDDD Chop, 8i, 1, ne<D
17
ij 96,
=
2
jj
jj
jj 812, 5<
jj
jj
3
k 918, 2 =
80.000289983, -0.000610844, -0.00375756<

8-0.0000750774, 0.00122492, 0.000835427<
8-0.000344555, 0.000224195, -0.000792274<
88.20997, -40.2961, -101.165< 8-120.075, 87.9885< 18

822.4923, 92.4923, 22.4923<

b=10;L=1;h=24;t=3;
nodes={{0,b-t}, {0,b}, {(h-t)/2,b-t}, {(h+t)/2,b}, {(h-t)/2,0}, {(h+t)/2,t},{h,0},{h,t}};
x
10
21
27
10
21
92
8-21.3305, 9.29455, -21.3305< 8-32.2755, 20.2396< 45
899.0964, 15.8882<
12
Elastic Solids
27
24
24
conn={{1,3,4,2},{5,6,4,3},{5,7,8,6}};
y
10
8
4
1
7
x
10
15
20
Clear@k, rD; e = 70 * 10^3; nu = 0.3; q = 20;


Do@8k, r< = PlaneQuad4Element@PlaneStrain, e, nu, L, 80, 0<, 80, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDDD;
K
13
ij 40596.1
jj
jj 13831.6
jj
jj
jj -31574.7
jj
jj
jj -4774.97
jj
jj 6519.33
jj
jj
jj 6360.75
jj
jj
jj -15540.7
jj
jj
jj -15417.3
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
13831.6
-31574.7 -4774.97 6519.33
-15540.7 -15417.3 0
115128.
1955.8
-123198. -370.016 49776.
-15417.3 -41706.1 0
1955.8
48489.7
-19469.9 -29002.2 18236.5
12087.2
6360.75
-722.412 0
66091.9
-123198. -19469.9 145927.
18236.5
-88821.5 6008.36
-370.016 -29002.2 18236.5
191771.
-46264.6 -96211.5 -6217.28 19337.6
49776.
18236.5
-15417.3 12087.2
-88821.5 -46264.6 213953.
-6217.28 -135484. 6250.
12980.8
-6837.61
-96211.5 -6217.28 78511.1
21395.5
1816.24
-41706.1 -722.412 66091.9
-6217.28 -135484. 21395.5
123598.
-12019.2 -5662.39
19337.6
6250.
-12019.2 78511.1
21395.5
-6837.61 -12019.2 -5662.39 21395.5
123598.
6008.36
1816.24
-12019.2
12980.8
-92414.5 21634.6
21634.6
-32585.5 6250.
-6837.61 -6217.28 -135484
12087.2
-722.412
6008.36
66091.9
-15540.7 -15417.3
-15417.3 -41706.1
80., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -105., 0., 0., 0., -105.<

85, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16<

Kf = K@@df, dfDD
19337.6
12980.8
-96211.5 -6217.28
14
Elastic Solids
ij 191771.
jj
jj -46264.6
jj
jj
jj -96211.5
jj
jj
jj -6217.28
jj
jj 19337.6
jj
jj
jj 12980.8
jj
jj
jj -92414.5
jj
jj
jj 21634.6
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-46264.6 -96211.5 -6217.28 19337.6

213953.
-6217.28 -135484. 6250.
12980.8
-92414.5 21634.6
-6837.61 21634.6
0
0
-6217.28 78511.1
21395.5
1816.24
-135484. 21395.5
123598.
-12019.2 -5662.39 12980.8
6250.
-12019.2 78511.1
21395.5
-96211.5 -6217.28 12087.2
-6837.61 -12019.2 -5662.39 21395.5
123598.
-6217.28 -135484. -722.412 66091.9
21634.6
1816.24
19337.6
12980.8
-12019.2 19337.6
-32585.5 0
-96211.5 -6217.28 191771.
-6837.61 0
6250.
0
6008.36
-46264.6 -29002.2 18236.5
-32585.5 6250.
-6837.61 -6217.28 -135484. -46264.6 213953.
18236.5
-88821.5
12087.2
-722.412 -29002.2 18236.5
48489.7
-19469.9
66091.9
18236.5
-88821.5 -19469.9 145927.
6008.36
-15540.7 -15417.3 6519.33
-15417.3 -41706.1 -370.016 49776.
6360.75
-31574.7 -4774.97
1955.8
-123198
80., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -105., 0., 0., 0., -105.<
8-0.02815, -0.148075, 0.0356773, -0.194089, -0.186403,

-0.140906, -0.117859, -0.216534, -0.196726, -0.489571, -0.115543, -0.490342<
u
-0.02815
-0.148075
0.0356773
-0.194089
-0.186403
-0.140906
-0.117859
-0.216534
-0.196726
-0.489571
-0.115543
-0.490342
15
81312.5, 184.502, -1312.5, 25.4981<
Eleemnt results
Table@PlaneQuad4Results@PlaneStrain, e, nu, 80, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDD, d@@lm@@iDDDDD Chop, 8i, 1, ne<D

17
ij 96,
=
2
jj
jj
jj 812, 5<
jj
jj
3
k 918, 2 =
80.000313638, -0.00054065, -0.00377574<

8-0.000208829, 0.00109117, 0.000905857<
8-0.00033366, 0.00023509, -0.000815174<
87.72041, -38.2797, -101.655< 8-119.504, 88.9444<
824.3884, 94.3884, 24.3884<
8-21.947, 8.678, -21.947<
The plane strain results are almost identical to the three dimensional solid model.
Deformed shape
Von Mises stresses
8102.048, 16.7294<
8-33.3954, 20.1264<
181.1
94.79
46.82
16
Elastic Solids
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb2-1SolidModel\Prb2-1SolidData.txt
!* Problem 2.1
!*
PREP7
!*
ET,1,SOLID45
!*
KEYOPT,1,1,1
KEYOPT,1,2,0
KEYOPT,1,4,0
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
17
MPDATA,EX,1,,70000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.3
k, 1, 0, 7, 0
k, 2, 0, 10, 0
k, 3, 212, 7, 0
k, 4, 272, 10, 0
k, 5, 212, 0, 0
k, 6, 272, 3, 0
k, 7, 24, 0, 0
k, 8, 24, 3, 0
k, 9, 0, 7, 150
k, 10, 0, 10, 150
k, 11, 212, 7, 150
k, 12, 272, 10, 150
k, 13, 212, 0, 150
k, 14, 272, 3, 150
k, 15, 24, 0, 150
k, 16, 24, 3, 150
v, 1, 3, 11, 9, 2, 4, 12, 10
v, 5, 6, 14, 13, 3, 4, 12, 11
v, 5, 7, 15, 13, 6, 8, 16, 14
FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,5
!*
GO
DA,P51X,ALL,
FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1
GO
FITEM,2,16
!*
SFA,P51X,1,PRES,20
FLST,5,3,6,ORDE,2
FITEM,5,1
FITEM,5,-3
CM,_Y,VOLU
VSEL, , , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,VOLU
CHKMSH,'VOLU'
18
Elastic Solids
CMSEL,S,_Y
!*
MSHAPE,0,3d
MSHKEY,1
VMESH,_Y1
MSHKEY,0
!*
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
CMDELE,_Y2
!*
SOL
FINISH
STATUS,SOLU
ERESX,NO
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
!*
The planar model includes fillets to realistically capture stress concentrations at corners.
Deflections
MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE VALUES
NODE
VALUE
29
-1.6737
-3.9774
0.0000
4.3149
Von Mises stresses
19
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb2-1PlaneStrainModel\Prb2-1DataPlaneStrain.txt
PREP7
!*
!*
ET,1,PLANE42
!* Plane strain model
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,2,0
KEYOPT,1,3,2
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,70000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.3
BLC4,0,0,24,10
BLC4,0,0,10.5,7
20
Elastic Solids
BLC4,13.5,3,10.5,7
ASBA,
1,
ASBA,
4,
!*
LFILLT,9,12,1, ,
LFILLT,7,6,1, ,
FLST,2,3,4
FITEM,2,3
FITEM,2,2
FITEM,2,5
AL,P51X
FLST,2,3,4
FITEM,2,8
FITEM,2,11
FITEM,2,10
AL,P51X
FLST,2,3,5,ORDE,2
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-3
AADD,P51X
!*
ESIZE,0.5,0,
!*
MSHKEY,0
CM,_Y,AREA
ASEL, , , ,
CM,_Y1,AREA
CHKMSH,'AREA'
CMSEL,S,_Y
!*
AMESH,_Y1
!*
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
CMDELE,_Y2
!*
SOL
FINISH
21
FLST,2,1,4,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,14
!*
GO
DL,P51X, ,ALL,
FLST,2,1,4,ORDE,1
GO
FITEM,2,9
!*
STATUS,SOLU
SFL,P51X,PRES,20,
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
AVPRIN,0,
PLNSOL, S,EQV, 1,1.0
2.2
The top surface of an S-shaped aluminum block, shown in Figure 2.31, is subjected to a uniform pressure
of 20 N mm2 . The bottom is fixed. The dimensions of the block are t = 3 mm, L = 15 mm, b = 10 mm, and
h = 24 mm. The material properties are E = 70, 000 N mm2 and n = 0.3. Determine stresses in the block
using solid elements. Compare results with a planar finite element model.
b
t
Figure 2.31.
S-shaped aluminum block
22
Elastic Solids
13
14
20
19
21
15
22
23
16
18
1
17
8
24
7
10
5
12
11

b=10;L=15;h=24;t=3;
front={{0,h-t},{0,h},{(b-t),h-t},{b,h},{b,(h-t)/2},
{b-t,(h+t)/2},{t,(h-t)/2},{0,(h+t)/2},{0,0},{t,t},{b,0},{b,t}};
nodes=Partition[Flatten[{Map[{#,0}&,front], Map[{#,-L}&,front]}],3];
TableForm[nodes,TableHeadings->{Automatic,{"x","y","z"}}]
x
21
24
21
10
24
10
21
27
21
27
10
11
10
12
10
13
21
-15
23
14
24
-15
15
21
-15
16
10
24
-15
10
21
-15
18
27
-15
19
21
-15
20
27
-15
21
-15
22
-15
23
10
-15
24
10
-15
17
conn={{1,3,15,13,2,4,16,14}, {5,17,18,6,4,16,15,3}, {7,5,17,19,8,6,18,20},

{10,22,21,9,7,19,20,8},{9,11,23,21,10,12,24,22}};
Clear@k, rD; e = 70 * 10^3; nu = 0.3; q = 20;

Do@8k, r< = Solid8ElasElement@e, nu, 80, 0<, 80, 0, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDDD; K@@lm@@iDD, lm@@iDDDD += k;
R@@lm@@1DDDD += Solid8FaceLoadTerm@6, -q, nodes@@conn@@1DDDDD;
K
ij 176096.
jj
jj 62365.5
jj
jj
jj -16826.9
jj
jj
jj -93921.2
jj
jj
jj -26828.9
jj
jj -8413.46
jj
jj
jj -12089.8
jj
jj
jj 38596.
jj
jj
jj -3365.38
jj
jj
jj -59316.
jj
jj
jj -74132.6
jj
jj -1682.69
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
jjj 0
jj
jjj
0
62365.5
-16826.9 -93921.2 -26828.9 -8413.46 -12089.8 38596.
-3365.38 -59316.
408823.
-39262.8 6824.91
-17948.7 -74132.6
-39262.8 144150.
6824.91
-8413.46 211040.
-425099. 9535.26
-425099. -9535.26 4942.17
-8413.46 9535.26
-107568. 3365.38
147812.
-21314.1 37244.4
-102374. -16826.9 -126624. 94136.6
-102374. 560653.
56089.7
94136.6
1682.69
-1682.69 21620.6
-356343. 5608.97
35065.9
-9535.26 -107568. -16826.9 56089.7
188397.
1682.69
-5608.97 -103441. 3365.38
-126624. 94136.6
1682.69
909628.
-190038. -42067.3 -626182
4942.17
3365.38
147812.
-21314.1 94136.6
-17948.7 37244.4
-356343. -5608.97 -190038. 887009.
-1682.69 5608.97
-39262.8 -10002.
-103441. -42067.3 -39262.8 429873.
11778.8
-74132.6 1682.69
21620.6
35065.9
3365.38
-626182. -10002.
-120766. 3926.28
1412.05
232905.
26362.2
-10002.
-3926.28 -36133.6 -3365.38 29727.6
65016.2
-11778.8 -9535.26 -244840. 75721.2
-287547. 84134.6
84134.6
11778.8
646541.
-553749. 9535.26
150030.
5889.42
332480.
-102215. -1682.69 -16826.9
5889.42 1682.69
81814.9 37860.6
24
Elastic Solids
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 81093.
jj
jj
jj 31182.8
jj
jj
jj 3365.38
jj
jj
jj -50774.7
jj
jj -13414.5
jj
jj
jj 1682.69
jj
jj
jj -9522.44
jj
jj
jj 19298.
jj
jj
jj 16826.9
jj
jj
jjj -31565.1
jj
jj -37066.3
jj
jj
jj 8413.46
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
-5889.42 1682.69
166372.
-16826.9 -21033.7 -287547
16826.9
1044.92
-21033.7 3365.38
45430.3
5889.42
31182.8
-3365.38 -50774.7 -13414.5 -1682.69 -9522.44 19298.
-16826.9 -31565.1
197456.
-7852.56 3412.45
4487.18
-37066.3
7852.56
47732.
1682.69
-47676.3 -67133.5 -16826.9 12339.7
6450.71
-8413.46
3412.45
-1682.69 97218.6
-51186.8 -3365.38 -65218.9 47068.3
-8413.46 6659.64
-216364. 47676.3
-51186.8 272025.
47676.3
-67133.5 3365.38
2471.09
16826.9
70428.3
-12339.7 47068.3
-4487.18 6450.71
-216364. -47676.3 2471.09
-65218.9 47068.3
8413.46
11217.9
-11217.9 65144.1
8413.46
47068.3
70428.3
-3365.38 -84134.6
-180079. 28044.9
-8413.46 28044.9
439782.
-81814.9 37860.6
17532.9
-58395.3 -16826.9
-95019.2 -8413.46 -321617
-180079. -28044.9 -95019.2 428472.
-7852.56 -5001.01
-28044.9 -58395.3 8413.46
162325.
7852.56
-58894.2
-37066.3 8413.46
6659.64
17532.9
16826.9
-321617. -5001.01 58894.2
304200.
-62290.2 19631.4
706.025
112302.
-2804.49 -5001.01 -285400. 47676.3
75015.1
19631.4
-24741.5 16826.9
-14022.4 17980.9
58894.2
-146129. 42067.3
42067.3
-53463.3 -8413.46 -8413.46
29447.1
-8413.46 -49152.7 -7572.12
79147.7
-8413.46 -4206.73 -146129
8413.46
-3516.
47676.3
-152260. -15144.2
29447.1
160855.
-16826.9 -42067.3
25
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jjj
k0
4206.73
-16826.9 8580.55
-29447.1
80., 0., 0., 0., -750., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -750., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,
0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -750., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,
-750., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.<

81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72<
Kf = K@@df, dfDD
ij 176096.
jj
jj 62365.5
jj
jj
jj -16826.9
jj
jj
jj -93921.2
jj
62365.5
-16826.9 -93921.2 -26828.9 -8413.46 -12089.8 38596.
-3365.38 -59316.
408823.
-39262.8 6824.91
-17948.7 -74132.6
-39262.8 144150.
6824.91
-425099. -9535.26 4942.17
-8413.46 9535.26
-8413.46 211040.
-107568. 3365.38
147812.
-21314.1 37244.4
-102374. -16826.9 -126624. 94136.6
1682.69
-1682.69 21620.6
26
Elastic Solids
jj
jj -26828.9
jj
jj -8413.46
jj
jj
jj -12089.8
jj
jj
jj 38596.
jj
jj
jj -3365.38
jj
jj
jjj -59316.
jj
jj -74132.6
jj
jj
jj -1682.69
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 81093.
jj
jj
jj 31182.8
jj
jj
jj 3365.38
jj
jj
jjj -50774.7
jj
jj -13414.5
jj
jj
jjj 1682.69
jj
jj -9522.44
jj
jj
jj 19298.
jj
jj
jj 16826.9
jj
jj
jj -31565.1
jj
jj -37066.3
jj
jj
jj 8413.46
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
-425099. 9535.26
-102374. 560653.
56089.7
94136.6
-356343. 5608.97
35065.9
-9535.26 -107568. -16826.9 56089.7
188397.
1682.69
-5608.97 -103441. 3365.38
-126624. 94136.6
1682.69
909628.
-190038. -42067.3 -626182
4942.17
3365.38
147812.
-21314.1 94136.6
-17948.7 37244.4
-356343. -5608.97 -190038. 887009.
-1682.69 5608.97
-39262.8 -10002.
-103441. -42067.3 -39262.8 429873.
-74132.6 1682.69
21620.6
35065.9
3365.38
-626182. -10002.
-120766. 3926.28
1412.05
232905.
26362.2
-10002.
11778.8
11778.8
646541.
-553749. 9535.26
150030.
-3926.28 -36133.6 -3365.38 29727.6
65016.2
-11778.8 -9535.26 -244840. 75721.2
-287547. 84134.6
84134.6
-5889.42 1682.69
166372.
-16826.9 -21033.7 -287547
16826.9
1044.92
-21033.7 3365.38
45430.3
5889.42
5889.42
332480.
-102215. -1682.69 -16826.9

-81814.9 37860.6
-3365.38 -84134.6
31182.8
-3365.38 -50774.7 -13414.5 -1682.69 -9522.44 19298.
-16826.9 -31565.1
197456.
-7852.56 3412.45
-216364. -47676.3 2471.09
70428.3
4487.18
-37066.3
7852.56
47732.
1682.69
-47676.3 -67133.5 -16826.9 12339.7
6450.71
-8413.46
3412.45
-1682.69 97218.6
-51186.8 -3365.38 -65218.9 47068.3
-8413.46 6659.64
-216364. 47676.3
-51186.8 272025.
47676.3
-67133.5 3365.38
2471.09
16826.9
70428.3
-12339.7 47068.3
-4487.18 6450.71
-11217.9 65144.1
-65218.9 47068.3
8413.46
11217.9
8413.46
47068.3
-180079. 28044.9
-8413.46 28044.9
439782.
17532.9
-58395.3 -16826.9
-95019.2 -8413.46 -321617
-180079. -28044.9 -95019.2 428472.
-7852.56 -5001.01
-28044.9 -58395.3 8413.46
162325.
7852.56
-58894.2
-37066.3 8413.46
6659.64
17532.9
16826.9
-321617. -5001.01 58894.2
304200.
-62290.2 19631.4
706.025
112302.
-2804.49 -5001.01 -285400. 47676.3
75015.1
19631.4
-24741.5 16826.9
-14022.4 17980.9
58894.2
-146129. 42067.3
47676.3
-152260. -15144.2
29447.1
160855.
27
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
42067.3
-53463.3 -8413.46 -8413.46
29447.1
-8413.46 -49152.7 -7572.12
79147.7
-8413.46 -4206.73 -146129
8413.46
-3516.
4206.73
-16826.9 8580.55
-29447.1
-16826.9 -42067.3
80., 0., 0., 0., -750., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -750., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,
0., 0., 0., -750., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -750., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.<
80.029312, -0.0408152, -0.000102666, 0.0248685, -0.040961, -0.00030369, 0.0281897,

-0.0329743, 0.00171985, 0.0310753, -0.0325326, 0.00160147, 0.0163573, -0.0308656, 0.00104154,
0.0198839, -0.0237311, 0.00138904, 0.0122978, -0.00959103, 0.00142794, 0.0159712, -0.0025363,
0.00162177, 0.00298233, -0.00104209, 0.00131326, 0.000264388, 0.000237822, 0.000397299,
0.029312, -0.0408152, 0.000102666, 0.0248685, -0.040961, 0.00030369, 0.0281897, -0.0329743,
-0.00171985, 0.0310753, -0.0325326, -0.00160147, 0.0163573, -0.0308656, -0.00104154,
0.0198839, -0.0237311, -0.00138904, 0.0122978, -0.00959103, -0.00142794, 0.0159712, -0.0025363,
-0.00162177, 0.00298233, -0.00104209, -0.00131326, 0.000264388, 0.000237822, -0.000397299<
28
Elastic Solids
u
0.029312
-0.0408152
-0.000102666
0.0248685
-0.040961
-0.00030369
0.0281897
-0.0329743
0.00171985
0.0310753
-0.0325326
0.00160147
0.0163573
-0.0308656
0.00104154
0.0198839
-0.0237311
0.00138904
0.0122978
-0.00959103
0.00142794
0.0159712
-0.0025363
0.00162177
10
0.00298233
-0.00104209
0.00131326
11
12
0.000264388
0.000237822
0.000397299
13
0.029312
-0.0408152
0.000102666
14
0.0248685
-0.040961
0.00030369
15
0.0281897
-0.0329743
-0.00171985
16
0.0310753
-0.0325326
-0.00160147
17
0.0163573
-0.0308656
-0.00104154
18
0.0198839
-0.0237311
-0.00138904
19
0.0122978
-0.00959103
-0.00142794
20
0.0159712
-0.0025363
-0.00162177
21
22
0.00298233
-0.00104209
-0.00131326
23
24
0.000264388
0.000237822
-0.000397299
8725.615, 753.757, -337.656, -731.298, 746.243, -128.442, -744.323, 753.757, 119.918, 750.006, 746.243, 346.181<
Finally using the Solid8ElasResults function the strain and stress components, principal stresses, and
equivalent von Mises stress for each element can be computed as follows.
29
17
45
15
ij 9
,
, -
=
2
jj 4 2
jj 17 69
15
jj 9 , , -
=
jj 2 4
2
jjj
15
jj 95, 12, - =
jjj
2
jj
27
15
jjj 9 3 ,
jj 2 4 , - 2 =
jjj 23 3
15
k 9 4 , 2 , - 2 =
80.000434979, -0.000713555, 0.000138985, 0.000839146, -0.0000711327, 0.000177342<
9-0.000105988, -0.000518687, 0.000197237, -5.55456 10-6 , -3.52848 10-6 , -0.0000218214=
80.000569206, -0.000668889, 0.000185303, -0.00126684, -0.0000199038, 0.0000199038<
9-0.000114916, -0.000527615, 0.000144408, -0.000145092, -3.93017 10-6 , -6.07998 10-7 =

9-0.000159876, -0.000171713, 0.0000570558, 0.000696324, 3.87432 10-6 , -4.61435 10-6 =

b=10;L=15;h=24;t=3;
nodes={{0,h-t},{0,h},{(b-t),h-t},{b,h},{b,(h-t)/2},
{b-t,(h+t)/2},{t,(h-t)/2},{0,(h+t)/2},{0,0},{t,t},{b,0},{b,t}}; TableForm[nodes,TableHeadings->{Automatic,{"x","y"}}]
x
21
24
21
10
24
10
21
27
21
27
10
11
10
12
10
conn={{1,3,4,2},{5,4,3,6},{7,5,6,8},{9,10,7,8},{9,11,12,10}};
30
Elastic Solids
4
1
20
2
15
6
3
10
4
5
10
0
12
5
9
0
11
8 10
Clear@k, rD; e = 70 * 10^3; nu = 0.3; q = 20;


Do@8k, r< = PlaneQuad4Element@PlaneStress, e, nu, L, 80, 0<, 80, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDDD;
K
31
ij 480792.
jj
jj 138986.
jjj
jj
jjj -304823.
jj
jj -7867.13
jj
jj
jj
jj -9637.8
jj
jj
jj 34090.9
jj
jj
jj -166330.
jj
jj
jj
jjj -165210.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
-304823. -7867.13
138986.
-9637.8
6
999440.
-36713.3 -1.04288 10
-36713.3
588376.
6
-1.04288 10
62937.1
346714.
-165210.
-228147.
6
-228147. 1.36751 10
-368254. 209790.
209790.
84700.6
-880200.
26223.8
34090.9
-166330.
-165
62937.1
346714.
-165210.
-303
-368254.
209790.
84700.6
5506
-880200.
26223.8
209790.
6
2.3094 10
-423514.
6
-423514.
2.25899 10
6
-1.61238 10
5555
6
-1.61238 10
-222
-22290.2
-1.4
6
-22290.2
6
1.60646 10
3343
-303277.
55069.9
555563.
-22290.2
-1.45096 10
334353.
1.302
-711673.
187500.
799220.
-144
187500.
-298648.
14423.1
1947
392550.
14423.1
-711673.
-187
-14423.1
24105.7
-187500.
-298
80., 0., 0., -1500., 0., 0., 0., -1500., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.<

81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24<
32
Elastic Solids
Kf = K@@df, dfDD
ij 480792.
jj
jj 138986.
jj
jj
jj -304823.
jj
jj
jj -7867.13
jj
jj
jj
jj -9637.8
jj
jj
jj 34090.9
jj
jj
jj -166330.
jj
jj
jj
jj -165210.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
-304823. -7867.13
138986.
-9637.8
6
999440.
-36713.3 -1.04288 10
-36713.3
588376.
6
-1.04288 10
62937.1
346714.
-165210.
-228147.
6
-228147. 1.36751 10
-368254. 209790.
209790.
84700.6
-880200.
26223.8
34090.9
-166330.
-165
62937.1
346714.
-165210.
-303
-368254.
209790.
84700.6
5506
-880200.
26223.8
209790.
6
2.3094 10
-423514.
6
-423514.
2.25899 10
6
-1.61238 10
5555
6
-1.61238 10
-222
-22290.2
-1.4
6
-22290.2
6
1.60646 10
3343
-303277.
55069.9
555563.
-22290.2
-1.45096 10
334353.
1.302
-711673.
187500.
799220.
-144
187500.
-298648.
14423.1
1947
392550.
14423.1
-711673.
-187
-14423.1
24105.7
-187500.
-298
80., 0., 0., -1500., 0., 0., 0., -1500., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.<
80.0316896, -0.0427568, 0.0270291, -0.0427445, 0.0305062, -0.0347207,

0.033556, -0.0343104, 0.0177419, -0.0325863, 0.0215985, -0.0249545, 0.0133577,
-0.0104756, 0.0173522, -0.00291618, 0.00300836, -0.00127352, 0.000080908, 0.000241099<
33
u
0.0316896
-0.0427568
0.0270291
-0.0427445
0.0305062
-0.0347207
0.033556
-0.0343104
0.0177419
-0.0325863
0.0215985
-0.0249545
0.0133577
-0.0104756
0.0173522
-0.00291618
10
0.00300836
-0.00127352
11
12
0.000080908
0.000241099
81408.52, 1500., -1408.52, 1500.<
17
45
ij 9
,
=
jj 4 2
jj 17 69
jj 9 , =
jj 2 4
jj
jj 85, 12<
jj
jj
jj 3 27
jj 9 , =
jj 2 4
jj
23
3
j 9
k 4 , 2 =
80.000314323, -0.000413969, 0.000543234<
814.6255, -24.5902, 14.6255<
8-29.444, 19.4794<
80.000616468, -0.000621628, -0.00122851<
833.0753, -33.5913, -33.0753<
8-47.2164, 46.7004<
8-0.000134462, -0.000547161, -0.0000263493< 8-22.97, -45.1922, -0.709403< 8-45.2149, -22.9474

8-0.000164362, -0.00057706, -0.000153035<
8-0.000172203, -0.000216617, 0.000690074<
8-25.96, -48.1822, -4.12018<
8-18.2452, -20.6368, 18.5789<
The plane stress results are close to the three dimensional solid model.
8-48.9215, -25.2207
8-38.0584, -0.82363
34
Elastic Solids

b=10;L=1;h=24;t=3;
nodes={{0,h-t},{0,h},{(b-t),h-t},{b,h},{b,(h-t)/2},
{b-t,(h+t)/2},{t,(h-t)/2},{0,(h+t)/2},{0,0},{t,t},{b,0},{b,t}}; TableForm[nodes,TableHeadings->{Automatic,{"x","y"}}]
x
21
24
21
10
24
10
21
27
21
27
10
11
10
12
10
conn={{1,3,4,2},{5,4,3,6},{7,5,6,8},{9,10,7,8},{9,11,12,10}};
35
4
1
20
2
15
6
3
10
4
5
10
0
12
5
9
0
11
8 10
Clear@k, rD; e = 70 * 10^3; nu = 0.3; q = 20;


Do@8k, r< = PlaneQuad4Element@PlaneStrain, e, nu, L, 80, 0<, 80, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDDD;
K
36
Elastic Solids
ij 34291.9
jj
jj 12473.1
jj
jj
jj -19292.8
jj
jj
jj -5365.79
jj
jj -2881.63
jj
jj
jj 7719.2
jj
jj
jj -12117.5
jj
jj
jj -14826.5
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
12473.1
-19292.8 -5365.79 -2881.63 7719.2
-12117.5 -14826.5 0
80837.2
1364.98
-85528.4 988.435
29098.7
-14826.5 -24407.5 0
1364.98
41101.1
-20474.7 -25579.
18827.3
3770.7
282.41
46027.6
-85528.4 -20474.7 111024.
18827.3
-71522.9 7013.18
988.435
-25579.
18827.3
179921.
-38007.7 -126373. -2000.4
29098.7
18827.3
-71522.9 -38007.7 175397.
-2000.4
-111887. 16826.9
-20757.1
-126373. -2000.4
126765.
30006.1
-3365.38
-14826.5 3770.7
7013.18
-24407.5 282.41
46027.6
-2000.4
-57823.4 16826.9
-111887. 30006.1
65778.
-57823.4 16826.9
65778.
99492.
3365.38
11531.7
3365.38
123912.
-24038.5
16826.9
-20757.1 -3365.38 11531.7
32736.
-3365.38 -57823.4 -16826.9 -119367. 4807.69
-24038.5 79066.6
3365.38
-329.478 -16826.9 -20757.1 4807.69
-90995.
-6837.61 -6250.
-12980.8 19337.6
-5662.39 12019.2
12019.2
1816.24
80., 0., 0., -100., 0., 0., 0., -100., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.<

81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24<
Kf = K@@df, dfDD
37
ij 34291.9
jj
jj 12473.1
jj
jj
jj -19292.8
jj
jj
jj -5365.79
jj
jj -2881.63
jj
jj
jj 7719.2
jj
jj
jj -12117.5
jj
jj
jj -14826.5
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
k0
12473.1
-19292.8 -5365.79 -2881.63 7719.2
-12117.5 -14826.5 0
80837.2
1364.98
-85528.4 988.435
29098.7
-14826.5 -24407.5 0
1364.98
41101.1
-20474.7 -25579.
18827.3
3770.7
282.41
46027.6
-85528.4 -20474.7 111024.
18827.3
-71522.9 7013.18
988.435
-25579.
18827.3
179921.
-38007.7 -126373. -2000.4
29098.7
18827.3
-71522.9 -38007.7 175397.
-2000.4
-111887. 16826.9
-20757.1
-126373. -2000.4
126765.
30006.1
-3365.38
-14826.5 3770.7
7013.18
-24407.5 282.41
46027.6
-2000.4
-57823.4 16826.9
-111887. 30006.1
65778.
-57823.4 16826.9
65778.
99492.
3365.38
11531.7
3365.38
123912.
-24038.5
16826.9
-20757.1 -3365.38 11531.7
32736.
-3365.38 -57823.4 -16826.9 -119367. 4807.69
-24038.5 79066.6
3365.38
-329.478 -16826.9 -20757.1 4807.69
-90995.
-6837.61 -6250.
-12980.8 19337.6
-5662.39 12019.2
12019.2
1816.24
80., 0., 0., -100., 0., 0., 0., -100., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.<
80.0288435, -0.0394814, 0.0243652, -0.0396941, 0.0279119, -0.0317365, 0.0308788,

-0.0310273, 0.0166753, -0.03011, 0.0199414, -0.0229397, 0.0122433, -0.00911927,
0.0156488, -0.00201551, 0.00296765, -0.000935642, 0.00037154, 0.000243185<
38
Elastic Solids
0.0288435
-0.0394814
0.0243652
-0.0396941
0.0279119
-0.0317365
0.0308788
-0.0310273
0.0166753
-0.03011
0.0199414
-0.0229397
0.0122433
-0.00911927
0.0156488
-0.00201551
10
0.00296765
-0.000935642
11
12
0.00037154
0.000243185
8100.361, 100., -100.361, 100.<
Table@PlaneQuad4Results@PlaneStrain, e, nu, 80, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDD, d@@lm@@iDDDDD Chop, 8i, 1, ne<D
17
45
ij 9
,
=
jj 4 2
jj 17 69
jj 9 , =
jj 2 4
jj
jj 85, 12<
jj
jj
jj 3 27
jjj 9 2 , 4 =
jj
jj 23 3
k 9 4 , 2 =
Deformed shape
80.000328352, -0.000399939, 0.000549324<
814.7895, -24.4262, 14.7895<
8-29.3784, 19.741
8-0.0000498776, -0.000462576, -0.0000209463<
8-23.381, -45.6032, -0.563938<
8-45.6175, -23.36
8-0.0000729749, -0.000485673, -0.000153023<
8-26.4902, -48.7124, -4.11985<
8-49.4516, -25.75
80.000623187, -0.000614908, -0.00125879<
8-0.000152712, -0.000150081, 0.000702231<
833.8905, -32.7761, -33.8905<

8-20.4512, -20.3095, 18.9062<
848.0933, -46.978
8-39.2867, -1.473
39
Von Mises stresses
40
Elastic Solids
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb22Mesh.txt
!* Problem 2.2
!*
PREP7
!*
ET,1,SOLID45
!*
KEYOPT,1,1,1
KEYOPT,1,2,0
KEYOPT,1,4,0
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,70000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.3
41
k, 1, 0, 21, 0
k, 2, 0, 24, 0
k, 3, 7, 21, 0
k, 4, 10, 24, 0
k, 5, 10, 212, 0
k, 6, 7, 272, 0
k, 7, 3, 212, 0
k, 8, 0, 272, 0
k, 9, 0, 0, 0
k, 10, 3, 3, 0
k, 11, 10, 0, 0
k, 12, 10, 3, 0
k, 13, 0, 21, -15
k, 14, 0, 24, -15
k, 15, 7, 21, -15
k, 16, 10, 24, -15
k, 17, 10, 212, -15
k, 18, 7, 272, -15
k, 19, 3, 212, -15
k, 20, 0, 272, -15
k, 21, 0, 0, -15
k, 22, 3, 3, -15
k, 23, 10, 0, -15
k, 24, 10, 3, -15
v, 1, 3, 15, 13, 2, 4, 16, 14
v, 5, 17, 18, 6, 4, 16, 15, 3
v, 7, 5, 17, 19, 8, 6, 18, 20
v, 10, 22, 21, 9, 7, 19, 20, 8
v, 9, 11, 23, 21, 10, 12, 24, 22
FLST,5,5,6,ORDE,2
FITEM,5,1
FITEM,5,-5
CM,_Y,VOLU
VSEL, , , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,VOLU
CHKMSH,'VOLU'
CMSEL,S,_Y
!*
42
Elastic Solids
MSHAPE,0,3d
MSHKEY,1
VMESH,_Y1
MSHKEY,0
!*
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
CMDELE,_Y2
!*
FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1
GO
FITEM,2,6
!*
SFA,P51X,1,PRES,20
FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,22
!*
GO
DA,P51X,ALL,
SOL
FINISH
STATUS,SOLU
ERESX,NO
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
!*
Deflections

NODE
VALUE
162
86
145
0.44392
-0.36244
0.0000
0.56712
43
Von Mises stresses
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb2-2PlaneStressModel\Prb2-2DataPlaneStress.txt
PREP7
!*
!*
ET,1,PLANE42
!* Plane stress model
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,2,0
KEYOPT,1,3,3
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!*
!*
R,1,15,
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
44
Elastic Solids
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,70000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.3
BLC4,0,0,10,24
BLC4,3,3,7,7.5
BLC4,0,13.5,7,7.5
ASBA,
1,
ASBA,
4,
!*
LFILLT,5,8,1, ,
LPLOT
!*
LFILLT,8,7,1, ,
!*
LFILLT,9,10,1, ,
!*
LFILLT,10,11,1, ,
LPLOT
FLST,2,3,4
FITEM,2,15
FITEM,2,12
FITEM,2,4
AL,P51X
FLST,2,3,4
FITEM,2,16
FITEM,2,18
FITEM,2,17
AL,P51X
FLST,2,3,4
FITEM,2,20
FITEM,2,21
FITEM,2,19
AL,P51X
FLST,2,3,4
FITEM,2,23
FITEM,2,24
FITEM,2,22
AL,P51X
45
FLST,2,5,5,ORDE,2
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-5
AADD,P51X
ESIZE,0.5,0,
!*
MSHKEY,0
CM,_Y,AREA
ASEL, , , ,
CM,_Y1,AREA
CHKMSH,'AREA'
CMSEL,S,_Y
!*
AMESH,_Y1
!*
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
CMDELE,_Y2
!*
SOL
FINISH
FLST,2,1,4,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,1
!*
GO
DL,P51X, ,ALL,
FLST,2,1,4,ORDE,1
GO
FITEM,2,3
!*
STATUS,SOLU
SFL,P51X,PRES,20,
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
AVPRIN,0,
46
Elastic Solids
2.3
Consider an Aluminum machine part as shown in the figure. A load of 1000 lb is applied near the tip. The
other end can be considered fixed. The material properties are E = 10.6 106 psi and n = 0.35.
1000 lb
5
4
3
Thickness = 1.25 in
2
1
0
0
Figure 2.32.
10
Machine part
Determine stresses in the part using solid elements. Compare results with a planar finite element model.
To avoid stress concentration due to point load assume the load to be applied over a length of 1 in.
10
20 9
6
16
3
5
13
2
8
7
18
17
15
12
4
1
14
11
19
47
front={{0,0},{0,3},{0,4.5},{2.5,0},{2.5,3},{4,4.5},{6,3},{6,3.5},{10,3.5},{10,4.5}};
nodes=Partition[Flatten[{Map[{#,0}&,front], Map[{#,-1.25}&,front]}],3];
TableForm[nodes,TableHeadings->{Automatic,{"x","y","z"}}]
x
4.5
2.5
2.5
4.5
3.5
10
3.5
10
10
4.5
11
-1.25
12
-1.25
13
4.5
-1.25
14
2.5
-1.25
15
2.5
-1.25
16
4.5
-1.25
17
-1.25
18
3.5
-1.25
19
10
3.5
-1.25
20
10
4.5
-1.25
conn={{1,4,14,11,2,5,15,12}, {2,5,15,12,3,6,16,13}, {5,7,17,15,6,8,18,16}, {8,9,19,18,6,10,20,16}};

Clear@k, rD; e = 10.6 * 10^3; nu = 0.35; q = 1 1.25;
Do@8k, r< = Solid8ElasElement@e, nu, 80, 0<, 80, 0, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDDD;
R@@lm@@4DDDD += Solid8EdgeLoadTerm@10, 80, -q, 0<, nodes@@conn@@4DDDDD;
K
ij 5907.06
jj
jj 1363.17
jj
1363.17
-3271.6
2271.95
-545.267
-1635.8
5240.63
-2726.34 545.267
-333.219
-1090.53
48
Elastic Solids
jj
jj -3271.6
jj
jj
jj 2271.95
jj
jj
jj -545.267
jj
jj
jj -1635.8
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1299.55
jj
jj 545.267
jjj
jj
jj -1308.64
jj
jj
jj -990.569
jj
jj -1363.17
jj
jj
jj -654.321
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -972.394
jj
jjj 681.584
jj
jj 1308.64
jj
jj
jj -826.989
jj
jj
jj -272.634
jj
jj
jj
jjj 654.321
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -2612.74
j
-2726.34 12450.3
-1635.8
1090.53
5543.55
-1635.8
9654.39
-476.288
-4907.41
267.028
-758.776 -817.
-9.09495 10-13
331.759
-3955.69 -1417
-817.901 1417.7
545.267
-333.219 1090.53
-476.288 11382.2
-13
-1090.53 5543.55
-4907.41 -9.09495 10
20261.5
267.028
-817.901
4409.27
-758.776 -3955.69
1417.7
-1740.91 8752.43
-545.267 1308.64
331.759
2675.4
-1740.91 -1635
4362.1
-817.901 -1417.7
2675.4
-1635.8
4362.14
9978.8
-990.569 1363.17
654.321
-545.267
-1363.17 5243.66
-654.321 545.267
2281.04
-1363.17 654.321
-1426.3
476.288
1962.96
-1172.17 1576.68
-657.35
476.288
3661.77
1638.83
-1363.17 1363.17
-657.35
327.16
-327.16
1576.68
-4219.68 -872.
-545.267 2281.04
-1962.96 327.16
8577.71
-327.16
872.428
672.54
-354.271 -1149.66
327.16
618.101
923.013
654.32
-1149.66 -675.446
545.267
-167.522 3545.17
1853.9
-327.16
-545.267
1490.44
-654.321 2508.23
4536.1
681.584
-1308.64 -826.989 -272.634
545.267
-1305.61 -1090.53 272.634
-2129.57
1090.53
-10787.2 654.321
-2726.34
272.634
-654.321 -1356.14 -238.144
-2129.57 2726.34
-238.144 -492.252
-13
2726.34
-5734.4
1962.96
-1142.41 165.88
6.82121 10
-654.321
-2726.34
-5734.4
-1962.96
-1142.41 -379.388 -327.
-2.27374 10-13
165.88
-3253.77 -3544
-16663.7
327.16
-3544.24 -4191
-327.16
-641.664 -870.457 -654.
-379.388 -3253.77
3544.24
-870.457 1529.92
327.16
-4191.31
654.321
-1744.86 -7344
1635.8
-272.634 3271.6
3544.24
-1476.77 681.584
1744.8
0
49
jj
jj 272.634
jj
jj
jj 3271.6
jj
jj
jj -1476.77
jj
jj
jj -681.584
jj
jj
jj 1635.8
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-1143.55 -545.267 681.584

545.267
-1310.16
-5884.34 1635.8
-1363.17
-1363.17
-681.584 1635.8
-3804.82 238.144
-1310.16 1363.17
-3112.57
4907.41
-1224.05 788.339
817.90
238.144
-1260.78
-817.901
788.339
-2747.81 -2181
1363.17
-3112.57 4907.41
-817.901
-9108.36
817.901
-2181.07 -2428
-815.098 -574.83
817.901
-1114.1
461.507
1635.8
-574.83
-975.686
1363.17
-83.761
349.438
54.526
817.901
1363.17
-2019.29
1635.8
-1690.33 -3898
80., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -0.5, 0.,
0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -0.5, 0.<

84, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60<
Kf = K@@df, dfDD
ij 9654.39
jj
jj -476.288
jjj
jj
jj -4907.41
jj
jj
267.028
-476.288
-4907.41
-13
267.028
-758.776 -817.901 -1426.3
476.288
-1962
-3955.69 -1417.7
476.288
3661.77
327.16
1962.96
-327.16
8577.7
11382.2
-9.09495 10
331.759
-9.09495 10-13
20261.5
-817.901 1417.7
331.759
817.901
4409.27
1740.91
2675.4
1635.8
1172.17 1576.68
327.
50
Elastic Solids
jj 267.028
jj
jj
jj -758.776
jj
jj
jj -817.901
jj
jj
jj -1426.3
jj
jj 476.288
jj
jj
jj -1962.96
jj
jj
jj -354.271
jj
jj
jj -1149.66
jj
jj
jj
jj -327.16
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1356.14
jj
jj
jj -238.144
jj
jj
jj
jj 1962.96
jj
jj -1142.41
jj
jj
jj -379.388
jj
jj
jj 327.16
jj
jj
jj -3804.82
jj
jj
jj 238.144
jj
jj
jj 4907.41
jj
jj
jjj -815.098
jj
jj -574.83
jj
jj
jj
jj 817.901
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
0
331.759
-817.901
4409.27
-3955.69
1417.7
-1740.91 8752.43
4362.14
1576.68
-1417.7
2675.4
-1635.8
9978.88
327.16
-872.428 672.54
476.288
1962.96
-1172.17 1576.68
327.16
13801.1
844.831
3271.6
3661.77
-327.16
1576.68
-4219.68 -872.428 844.831
19129.5
-3816
327.16
8577.71
-327.16
872.428
672.54
3271.6
-3816.87 28276
-1149.66
327.16
618.101
923.013
654.321
354.987
-1162.3
-675.446
545.267
-167.522 3545.17
1853.91
-1162.3
-7442.47 2617.2
-545.267
1490.44
-654.321 2508.23
4536.14
-218.107 -2617.28 4800.8
762.101
325.541
436.21
1416.08
3643.7
-2235
-436.214 -1581.28 3113.9
-1169.02 -1243.14 327.16
-1243.14 -1350.16 436.21
-327.16
-436.214 606.82
-238.144
-1962.96
-1142.41 -379.388 -327.16

-13
-492.252
-1740.91 -1635.8
4362.14
-1172.17 1576.68
-327.
-4219.68 872.42
-3804.82 238.144
218.10
-4907
-2.27374 10
165.88
-3253.77 -3544.24 238.144
6.82121 10
-16663.7
327.16
-3544.24 -4191.31 -4907.41 817.901
-9108
165.88
-327.16
-641.664 -870.457 -654.321 -1224.05 788.339
-817.
-3253.77
3544.24
-870.457 1529.92
3544.24
-4191.31
654.321
238.144
4907.41
-1224.05 788.339
-1260.78
-817.901
788.339
-2747.81 -2181.07 422.415
1189.45
-1526
-817.901
-9108.36
817.901
-2181.07 -2428.24 -1308.64 1526.75
-2215
-574.83
817.901
-1114.1
461.507
1635.8
-975.686
1363.17
-83.761
349.438
54.5267
1363.17
-2019.29
1635.8
-1690.33 -3898.9
-13
1744.86
788.339
-1260.78 817.90
-2747.81 2181.0
-1744.86 -7344.51 -817.901 2181.07

817.901
-1474.75 422.415
-2428
1308.6
-2145.35 -581.149 545.26

-581.149 -6044.07 6543.2
545.267
6543.21
-7665
-485.925 162.771
1090.5
708.038
954.875
-1581
1090.53
-54.5267 -2199
-993.462 -621.569 817.90
-621.569 -1084.03 1090.5
817.901
1090.53
1468
51
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
817.901
1090.53
-1468
80., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -0.5,
0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -0.5, 0.<
90.00117475, 0.00092064, -0.00010388, 0.00261739, 0.00124918, -0.0000660266, 0.00121133,

-0.00106776, 0.000112101, 0.00310604, -0.00308718, -9.57036 10-6 , 0.000413212, -0.00664865,
0.0000283445, 0.00137316, -0.00682205, 0.0000227296, 0.00145549, -0.0145256, -7.66489 10-6 ,
0.00341233, -0.0145225, -6.92322 10-6 , 0.00117475, 0.00092064, 0.00010388, 0.00261739,
0.00124918, 0.0000660266, 0.00121133, -0.00106776, -0.000112101, 0.00310604, -0.00308718,
9.57036 10-6 , 0.000413212, -0.00664865, -0.0000283445, 0.00137316, -0.00682205,
-0.0000227296, 0.00145549, -0.0145256, 7.66489 10-6 , 0.00341233, -0.0145225, 6.92322 10-6 =
u
0.00117475
0.00092064
-0.00010388
0.00261739
0.00124918
-0.0000660266
0.00121133
-0.00106776
0.000112101
0.00310604
-0.00308718
-9.57036 10-6
0.000413212
-0.00664865
0.0000283445
52
Elastic Solids
0.00137316
-0.00682205
0.0000227296
0.00145549
-0.0145256
-7.66489 10-6
10
0.00341233
-0.0145225
-6.92322 10-6
11
12
0.00117475
0.00092064
0.00010388
13
0.00261739
0.00124918
0.0000660266
14
15
0.00121133
-0.00106776
-0.000112101
16
0.00310604
-0.00308718
9.57036 10-6
17
0.000413212
-0.00664865
-0.0000283445
18
0.00137316
-0.00682205
-0.0000227296
19
0.00145549
-0.0145256
7.66489 10-6
20
0.00341233
-0.0145225
6.92322 10-6
80.120197, -1.5, 0.993057, -0.120197, 2., -1.53077, 0.120197, -1.5, -0.993057, -0.120197, 2., 1.53077<
ij 91.25, 32 , -0.625=
jj
jj
jj 81.625, 3.75, -0.625<
jj
jjj 84.625, 3.5, -0.625<
jj
jjj 15
k 9 2 , 4., -0.625=
97.31526 10-6 , -0.0000245194, 3.28823 10-6 , 0, 0, 0=
80.0000808043, -0.0000771072, -0.0000269506, 0.0000990078, 0, 0<
80.421451, -0.81844
90.0000388617, -0.0000448982, -5.7154 10 , -0.0000301705, 0, 0=
80.244603, -0.41306
8-0.000176585, 0.000153053, 0.0000614417, -0.000106179, 0, 0<

-7

nodes={{0,0},{0,3},{0,4.5},{2.5,0},{2.5,3},{4,4.5},{6,3},{6,3.5},{10,3.5},{10,4.5}};
8-0.0700387, -0.32
8-1.03925, 1.54902
53
4.5
2.5
2.5
4.5
3.5
10
3.5
10
10
4.5
conn={{1,4,5,2},{2,5,6,3},{5,7,8,6},{8,9,10,6}};
4
3
10
3
8
7
2
1
1
0
4
x
10
Clear@k, rD; e = 10.6 * 10^3; nu = 0.35; P = 1; h = 1.25;

K = Table@0, 8dof<, 8dof<D; R = Table@0, 8dof<D; R@@20DD = -P;

Do@8k, r< = PlaneQuad4Element@PlaneStress, e, nu, h, 80, 0<, 80, 0<, nodes@@conn@@iDDDDD;
K
54
Elastic Solids
ij 7403.05
jj
jj 2548.08
jj
jj
jj 1656.77
jj
jj
jj -94.3732
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -5358.3
jj
jj
jj 94.3732
jj
jj
jj -3701.53
jj
jj
jj -2548.08
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
k0
2548.08
1656.77
-94.3732 0
-5358.3
6157.33
94.3732
-3212.88 0
-94.3732 134.22
-2548.08 -3078.66
94.3732
13053.1
-890.292 -2233.63 -493.47
-3701.53 2548.08
-6918.81 890.292
-3212.88 -890.292 16282.7
-304.723 -10126.9 2548.08
-2233.63 -304.723 6680.92
-493.47
-10126.9 -3254.17 14799.3
-94.3732 -3701.53 2548.08

134.22
2548.08
-3254.17 0
-3078.66 0
-2548.08 -6918.81 890.292
-4309.58 2947.17
-3078.66 890.292
2947.17
2591.97
94.3732
-3701.53 -2548.08
-3078.66 890.292
2591.97
-4309.58 2947.17
2947.17
7403.05
-2548.08 1656.77
-2548.08 6157.33
1656.77
-10006.1 94.3732
-10006.1
94.3732
-94.3732 -3212.88
-94.3732 19974.9
1579.18
-3212.88 1579.18
29934.9
-1855.88 -2148.98 -137.707 800.467
-4390.39 -2172.6
-2148.98 -2456.23 611.72
5333.67
-2172.6
-18965.6
1033.19
1533.37
1722.12
6419.56
-3344.51 -2323.71
-2323.71 -3683.1
80., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -1.<

83, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20<
Kf = K@@df, dfDD
55
ij 13053.1
jj
jj -890.292
jj
jj
jj -2233.63
jj
jj
jj -493.47
jj
jj -6918.81
jj
jj
jj 890.292
jj
jj
jj -1855.88
jj
jj
jj -2148.98
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-890.292 -2233.63 -493.47

16282.7
-6918.81 890.292
-304.723 -10126.9 890.292
-304.723 6680.92
2591.97
-3254.17 -4309.58 2947.17
-1855.88 -2148.98 0
-2148.98 -2456.23 0
-137.707 611.72
-10126.9 -3254.17 14799.3
2947.17
-10006.1 800.467
890.292
-4309.58 2947.17
19974.9
1579.18
2591.97
2947.17
-10006.1 1579.18
5333.67
-4390.39 -2172.6
1033.19
1722.12
6419.56
29934.9
-2172.6
-18965.6 1533.37
-2148.98 -137.707 800.467
-4390.39 -2172.6
16112.6
-1441.79 -3695.54 1610.58
-2456.23 611.72
5333.67
-2172.6
-18965.6 -1441.79 39953.2
1610.58
-11847.7
1033.19
1533.37
-3695.54 1610.58
8751.66
-954.65
6419.56
1610.58
-11847.7 -954.65
22734.1
1722.12
-3344.51 -2323.71 -7257.33 1862.75
-6089.31 -2378.05
-2323.71 -3683.1
1862.75
-2366.98 2203.74
-19715.1 -2189.3
-17306.
0
2203.74
-5879.2
3591.28
-525.429 0
-714.176 13577.
80., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., -1.<
80.00137172, 0.00106053, 0.00298387, 0.00139063, 0.00135674, -0.00121318, 0.00353776, -0.00345412,

0.000580061, -0.00745664, 0.00162504, -0.00767183, 0.00169917, -0.0163584, 0.0039231, -0.0163556<
u
0.00137172
0.00106053
0.00298387
0.00139063
56
Elastic Solids
0.00135674
-0.00121318
0.00353776
-0.00345412
0.000580061
-0.00745664
0.00162504
-0.00767183
0.00169917
-0.0163584
10
0.0039231
-0.0163556
80.241833, -3., -0.241833, 4.<
3
jij 91.25, 2 =
jj
jj 81.625, 3.75<
jj
jj
jj 84.625, 3.5<
jj
jj
15
j 9
k 2 , 4.=
9-2.99716 10-6 , -0.0000254416, 0=
8-0.14377, -0.32, 0<
8-0.000172223, 0.000174644, -0.000128107<
8-1.34204, 1.38151, -0.502939<
80.0000829094, -0.0000893735, 0.000127789<
80.0000459465, -0.0000485814, -0.0000445278<
80.623662, -0.729078, 0.501692<
8-0.89483, 0
80.349625, -0.392594, -0.174813<
8-0.431706,
The plane stress results are close to the three dimensional solid model.
Deflections
NODE
VALUE
193
209
29
209
0.14113E-02-0.72115E-02-0.31696E-04 0.73484E-02
Von Mises stresses
8-0.32, -0.1
81.47142, -1
57
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb2-3PlaneStressModel\Prb2-3PlaneStressData.txt
!* Stepped bracket
!* k-in units
PREP7
ET,1,PLANE42
KEYOPT,1,3,3
R,1,1.25,
MPTEMP,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,10600
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.35
!* Bracket key points
k,1,0,0
k,2,2.5,0
k,3,2.5,3
k,4,6,3
k,5,6,3.5
k,6,10,3.5
58
Elastic Solids
k,7,10,4.5
k,8,9,4.5
k,9,0,4.5
K,10,6,4.5
K,11,2.5,4.5
!* Create straight lines
LSTR,1,2
LSTR,2,3
LSTR,3,4
LSTR,4,5
LSTR,5,6
LSTR,6,7
LSTR,7,8
LSTR,8,10
LSTR,10,11
LSTR,11,9
LSTR,1,9
LFILLT,2,3,12, ,
LFILLT,4,5,12, ,
LCOMB,2,12,0
LCOMB,2,3,0
LCOMB,5,13,0
!* Bracket area
AL,1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
ESIZE,14
LESIZE,2,18, , ,-.2, , , ,1
LESIZE,5,18, , ,.2, , , ,1
KESIZE,10,18
KESIZE,11,18
AMESH,1
SOLU
FINISH
DL,1,,All,0
SFL,7,PRES,1H1*1.25L
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
PLESOL,S,EQV,0,1
59
Deflections
NODE
VALUE
98
98
0.12303E-01-0.67705E-01
Von Mises stresses
0
0.0000
98
0.68813E-01
60
Elastic Solids
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb2-3PlaneStressModel\Prb2-3PlaneStressData.txt
!* Stepped bracket
!* k-in units
PREP7
ET,1,PLANE42
KEYOPT,1,3,3
R,1,1.25,
MPTEMP,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,10600
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.35
!* Bracket key points
k,1,0,0
k,2,2.5,0
k,3,2.5,3
k,4,6,3
k,5,6,3.5
k,6,10,3.5
61
k,7,10,4.5
k,8,9,4.5
k,9,0,4.5
K,10,6,4.5
K,11,2.5,4.5
!* Create straight lines
LSTR,1,2
LSTR,2,3
LSTR,3,4
LSTR,4,5
LSTR,5,6
LSTR,6,7
LSTR,7,8
LSTR,8,10
LSTR,10,11
LSTR,11,9
LSTR,1,9
LFILLT,2,3,12, ,
LFILLT,4,5,12, ,
LCOMB,2,12,0
LCOMB,2,3,0
LCOMB,5,13,0
!* Bracket area
AL,1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
ESIZE,14
LESIZE,2,18, , ,-.2, , , ,1
LESIZE,5,18, , ,.2, , , ,1
KESIZE,10,18
KESIZE,11,18
AMESH,1
SOLU
FINISH
DL,1,,All,0
SFL,7,PRES,1H1*1.25L
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
PLESOL,S,EQV,0,1
62
Elastic Solids
2.4
A cast iron flywheel with spokes and rim is shown in the figure. The flywheel operates at speeds up to
W = 4500 rpm. The cast iron weighs 0.256 lbs in3 and has an ultimate strength of 22,000 lbs in2 . The
Young's modulus is 30 106 lbs in2 and the Poisson's ratio is 0.3. The goal is to determine the factor of
safety against stress failure.
Spoke
Rim
Shaft
Figure 2.33.
The dimensions of the flywheel can easily be seen from the following figure that shows the front view
without fillets and a sectional view.
12
8
4
a
0
-4
-8
-12
-4-20 2 4
Figure 2.34.
63
Shaft radius = 2 in
Inside radius = 3 in
Rim inner radius = 10 in
Rim outer radius = 12 in
Fillets near shaft = 1 in radius
Fillets at the rim = .5 in radius
a = 6.404 deg
The solution can be approached from a variety of different assumptions. Several models are suggested,
from a simple analytical model to a fully three dimensional finite element model. Your assignment is to
use these models and compare solutions. Your report should contain a discussion on the appropriateness
of different models. Comment on the cost/benefit of these models. Here the cost includes the time for
model preparation, interpretation of results and computer resources needed for the analysis. The benefit is
the accuracy of the computed safety factor.
Determine stresses in the flywheel using solid elements. Take advantage of symmetry and model only 1/8
of the flywheel (cut the wheel in half in the thickness direction also).
64
Von Mises stresses
Elastic Solids
65
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb2-4PlaneStressModel\Prb2-4PlaneData.txt
PREP7
ET,1,PLANE42
!*
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,2,0
KEYOPT,1,3,3
!*
!*
!*
R,1,8,
R,2,2,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,29000000
66
Elastic Solids
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.3
MPDATA,DENS,1,,0.256386.4
*set,pi,3.14159
*set,si,2
*set,so,3
*set,ri,10
*set,ro,12
*set,a,6.404
*set,b,pi6
K,1,,,,
K,2,si
K,3,0,si
K,4,so
K,5,so*cosHbL,so*sinHbL
K,6,0,so
K,7,ri
K,8,ri*cosHaL,ri*sinHaL
K,9,ri*cosH2*b-aL,ri*sinH2*b-aL
K,10,ri*cosH2*b+aL,ri*sinH2*b+aL
K,11,0,ri
K,12,ro
K,13,0,ro
k,14,-ri*sinHb-aL,ri*cosHb-aL
LSTR,1,2
LSTR,2,4
LSTR,4,7
LSTR,7,12
LSTR,5,8
LSTR,5,9
LSTR,6,10
LSTR,3,6
LSTR,6,14
LSTR,11,13
!*
LARC,2,3,1,si,
LARC,4,5,1,so,
LARC,5,6,1,so,
LARC,7,8,1,ri,
67
LARC,8,9,1,ri,
LARC,9,10,1,ri,
LARC,10,11,1,ri,
LARC,12,13,1,ro,
LFILLT,5,6,1, ,
LFILLT,7,9,1, ,
LFILLT,5,15,0.5, ,
LFILLT,6,15,0.5, ,
LFILLT,7,17,0.5, ,
LSTR,
6,
11
LSBL,
20,
24
LSTR,
6,
25
LSTR,
10,
24
LSTR,
9,
22
LSTR,
8,
20
LPLOT
FLST,2,5,4
FITEM,2,2
FITEM,2,12
FITEM,2,13
FITEM,2,8
FITEM,2,11
AL,P51X
FLST,2,17,4
FITEM,2,3
FITEM,2,14
FITEM,2,28
FITEM,2,21
FITEM,2,5
FITEM,2,19
FITEM,2,6
FITEM,2,22
FITEM,2,27
FITEM,2,16
FITEM,2,24
FITEM,2,23
FITEM,2,7
FITEM,2,25
68
Elastic Solids
FITEM,2,20
FITEM,2,13
FITEM,2,12
AL,P51X
FLST,2,10,4
FITEM,2,4
FITEM,2,18
FITEM,2,10
FITEM,2,17
FITEM,2,24
FITEM,2,16
FITEM,2,27
FITEM,2,15
FITEM,2,28
FITEM,2,14
AL,P51X
MSHKEY,0
ESIZE,0.25,0,
CM,_Y,AREA
ASEL, , , ,
CM,_Y1,AREA
CMSEL,S,_Y
!*
CMSEL,S,_Y1
AATT,
1,
2, 1,
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
!*
FLST,5,2,5,ORDE,2
FITEM,5,1
FITEM,5,3
CM,_Y,AREA
ASEL, , , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,AREA
CMSEL,S,_Y
!*
CMSEL,S,_Y1
0,
69
AATT,
1,
1, 1,
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
!*
amesh,all
FLST,2,1,4,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,11
!*
GO
DL,P51X, ,ALL,
FLST,2,6,4,ORDE,5
FITEM,2,2
FITEM,2,-4
FITEM,2,8
FITEM,2,10
FITEM,2,20
DL,P51X, ,SYMM
OMEGA,0,0,150*pi,0
SOL
finish
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
set
AVPRIN,0,
0,
70
Von Mises stresses
Elastic Solids
71
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb2-4SolidModel\Prb2-4SolidData.txt
PREP7
ET,1,SOLID45
!*
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,29000000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.3
MPDATA,DENS,1,,0.256386.4
*set,pi,3.14159
*set,si,2
*set,so,3
*set,ri,10
*set,ro,12
*set,a,6.404
72
Elastic Solids
*set,b,pi6
K,1,,,,
K,2,si
K,3,0,si
K,4,so
K,5,so*cosHbL,so*sinHbL
K,6,0,so
K,7,ri
K,8,ri*cosHaL,ri*sinHaL
K,9,ri*cosH2*b-aL,ri*sinH2*b-aL
K,10,ri*cosH2*b+aL,ri*sinH2*b+aL
K,11,0,ri
K,12,ro
K,13,0,ro
k,14,-ri*sinHb-aL,ri*cosHb-aL
LSTR,1,2
LSTR,2,4
LSTR,4,7
LSTR,7,12
LSTR,5,8
LSTR,5,9
LSTR,6,10
LSTR,3,6
LSTR,6,14
LSTR,11,13
!*
LARC,2,3,1,si,
LARC,4,5,1,so,
LARC,5,6,1,so,
LARC,7,8,1,ri,
LARC,8,9,1,ri,
LARC,9,10,1,ri,
LARC,10,11,1,ri,
LARC,12,13,1,ro,
LFILLT,5,6,1, ,
LFILLT,7,9,1, ,
LFILLT,5,15,0.5, ,
LFILLT,6,15,0.5, ,
73
LFILLT,7,17,0.5, ,
LSTR,
6,
11
LSBL,
20,
24
LSTR,
6,
25
LSTR,
10,
24
LSTR,
9,
22
LSTR,
8,
20
LPLOT
FLST,2,5,4
FITEM,2,2
FITEM,2,12
FITEM,2,13
FITEM,2,8
FITEM,2,11
AL,P51X
FLST,2,17,4
FITEM,2,3
FITEM,2,14
FITEM,2,28
FITEM,2,21
FITEM,2,5
FITEM,2,19
FITEM,2,6
FITEM,2,22
FITEM,2,27
FITEM,2,16
FITEM,2,24
FITEM,2,23
FITEM,2,7
FITEM,2,25
FITEM,2,20
FITEM,2,13
FITEM,2,12
AL,P51X
FLST,2,10,4
FITEM,2,4
FITEM,2,18
FITEM,2,10
74
Elastic Solids
FITEM,2,17
FITEM,2,24
FITEM,2,16
FITEM,2,27
FITEM,2,15
FITEM,2,28
FITEM,2,14
AL,P51X
VOFFST,3,4, ,
!*
VOFFST,2,1, ,
!*
VIEW, 1 ,1,1,1
VOFFST,1,4, ,
ANG, 1
VIEW, 1, -0.549597417639 , -0.472422491641 , -0.689028060325

ANG, 1, 1.05715115060
REPLO
FLST,2,9,5,ORDE,8
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-3
FITEM,2,5
FITEM,2,7
FITEM,2,16
FITEM,2,30
FITEM,2,34
FITEM,2,37
DA,P51X,SYMM
FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,38
!*
GO
DA,P51X,ALL,
MSHKEY,0
MSHAPE,1,3d
ESIZE,1,0,
vmesh,all
OMEGA,0,0,150*pi,0
75
SOL
finish
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
set
AVPRIN,0,
PLNSOL, S,EQV, 2,
2.5
Using fe2Quad or any available computer program verify that the standard 4 node quadrilateral element
passes the patch test. Consider the patch shown in the following figure. Assume plane stress conditions. E
= 1000, = 0.3.
y
1 (0,3)
2 (2,2.5)
3 (4,2)
1
2
6 (4,1)
5 (1,1)
4 (-1,0.5)
4
9 (4,0)
3
8 (1,-1)
7 (-2,-2)
Figure 2.35.
nodes={{0,3},{2,2.5},{4,2},{-1,.5},{1,1},{4,1},{-2,-2},{1,-1},{4,0}};conn={{4,5,2,1},{5,6,3,2},{7,8,5,4},{8,9,6,5}};
DrawMesh[nodes,conn,ElementNumbers->True,NodeNumbers->True,AxesOrigin->{-2.3,-2.3}];
76
Elastic Solids
2
3
2
5
4
4
3
8
-1
-2
7
-2
-1
Define an arbitrary new configuration by a translation

newCoord=Map[{1,-1}+#&,nodes]
ij 1
jj
jj 3
jj
jj
jjj 5
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 2
jj
jj
jj 5
jj
jj
jj -1
jj
jj
jj 2
jj
k5
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
1
zz
z
-0.5 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
-3 zzzz
zz
-2 zzz
zz
-1 {
2
1.5
disp=newCoord-nodes
ij 1
jj
jj 1
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj 1
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
j
k1
-1 y
zz
-1. zzzz
zz
-1 zzzz
zz
-1. zzzz
zz
-1 zzz
zz
-1 zzzz
zz
-1 zzzz
zz
-1 zzz
zz
-1 {
Specified displacements at exterior nodes and compute solution at interior node.
77
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb2-5\Prb2-5RigidBody.txt
!Problem 2.5
!* Rigid-body test
PREP7
!*
!*
ET,1,PLANE42
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,2,1
KEYOPT,1,3,3
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!*
!*
R,1,1,
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,1000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.3
n,1,0,3
n,2,2,2.5
n,3,4,2
n,4,-1,.5
n,5,1,1
n,6,4,1
n,7,-2,-2
n,8,1,-1
n,9,4,0
e,4,5,2,1
e,5,6,3,2
e,7,8,5,4
e,8,9,6,5
d, 1, ux, 1
78
Elastic Solids
d, 1, uy, -1
d, 2, ux, 1
d, 2, uy, -1.
d, 3, ux, 1
d, 3, uy, -1
d, 4, ux, 1
d, 4, uy, -1.
d, 6, ux, 1
d, 6, uy, -1
d, 7, ux, 1
d, 7, uy, -1
d, 8, ux, 1
d, 8, uy, -1
d, 9, ux, 1
d, 9, uy, -1
!*
SOL
FINISH
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
Computed displacements
PRINT U
NODAL SOLUTION PER NODE
***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING *****

LOAD STEP=
1
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
1
LOAD CASE=
THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN GLOBAL COORDINATES

NODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
UX
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
UY
-1.0000
-1.0000
-1.0000
-1.0000
-1.0000
-1.0000
-1.0000
-1.0000
-1.0000
UZ
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
USUM
1.4142
1.4142
1.4142
1.4142
1.4142
1.4142
1.4142
1.4142
1.4142
79
PRINT S
ELEMENT SOLUTION PER ELEMENT
***** POST1 ELEMENT NODAL STRESS LISTING *****
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
THE FOLLOWING X,Y,Z VALUES ARE IN GLOBAL COORDINATES
ELEMENT=
NODE
1
SX
PLANE42
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
4 -0.40276E-14 0.54303E-13
0.0000
-0.42701E-13
0.0000
0.0000
5 -0.34759E-12-0.21530E-12
0.0000
0.12238E-12
0.0000
0.0000
0.10163E-12 0.86000E-13
0.0000
-0.42701E-13
0.0000
0.0000
1 -0.30618E-13-0.12021E-12
0.0000
0.48422E-13
0.0000
0.0000
ELEMENT=
NODE
5
2
SX
PLANE42
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
0.22892E-12 0.28972E-12
0.0000
-0.14373E-12
0.0000
0.0000
6 -0.26254E-13-0.11518E-12
0.0000
0.12238E-12
0.0000
0.0000
0.11269E-12 0.62560E-13
0.0000
-0.69772E-13
0.0000
0.0000
2 -0.89648E-13-0.86124E-13
0.0000
0.48422E-13
0.0000
0.0000
ELEMENT=
NODE
3
SX
PLANE42
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
0.27151E-13-0.20138E-14
0.0000
0.68622E-13
0.0000
0.0000
0.43268E-14 0.39213E-13
0.0000
-0.54040E-13
0.0000
0.0000
80
Elastic Solids
0.43000E-13 0.50815E-13
0.0000
-0.79298E-13
0.0000
0.0000
4 -0.11718E-12-0.45313E-13
0.0000
0.75390E-13
0.0000
0.0000
ELEMENT=
NODE
PLANE42
SX
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
0.68372E-14-0.35864E-13
0.0000
0.99088E-14
0.0000
0.0000
0.65985E-13 0.16130E-12
0.0000
0.25244E-28
0.0000
0.0000
0.75514E-13 0.32814E-13
0.0000
-0.13801E-12
0.0000
0.0000
0.71268E-13 0.18658E-13
0.0000
0.12622E-28
0.0000
0.0000
The computed displacements at node 5 are as expected.
nodes={{0,3},{2,2.5},{4,2},{-1,.5},{1,1},{4,1},{-2,-2},{1,-1},{4,0}};
conn={{4,5,2,1},{5,6,3,2},{7,8,5,4},{8,9,6,5}};
Define an arbitrary new configuration by a rotation

rt={{Cos[Pi/3], Sin[Pi/3]},{-Sin[Pi/3], Cos[Pi/3]}};
newCoord=Map[rt.#&,nodes]//N
2.59808
jij
jj 3.16506
jj
jj
jj 3.73205
jj
jj
jj -0.0669873
jj
jj
jj 1.36603
jj
jj
jj 2.86603
jj
jj
jj -2.73205
jj
jj
jj -0.366025
jj
k 2.
zyz
-0.482051 zzzz
zz
-2.4641 zzzz
zz
1.11603 zzzz
zz
-0.366025 zzz
zz
-2.9641 zzzz
zz
0.732051 zzzz
zz
-1.36603 zzz
zz
-3.4641 {
1.5
disp=newCoord-nodes
81
ij 2.59808
jj
jj 1.16506
jj
jj
jj -0.267949
jj
jj
jj 0.933013
jj
jj 0.366025
jj
jj
jj -1.13397
jj
jj
jj -0.732051
jj
jj
jj -1.36603
jj
j
k -2.
-1.5
yz
z
-2.98205 zzzz
zz
-4.4641 zzzz
zz
0.616025 zzzz
z
-1.36603 zzzz
zz
-3.9641 zzzz
zz
2.73205 zzzz
zz
-0.366025 zzz
zz
-3.4641 {
Specified displacements at exterior nodes and compute solution at interior node.
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb2-5\Prb2-5RigidRotation.txt
!Problem 2.5
!* Rigid-body rotation
PREP7
!*
!*
ET,1,PLANE42
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,2,1
KEYOPT,1,3,3
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!*
!*
R,1,1,
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,1000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.3
n,1,0,3
n,2,2,2.5
n,3,4,2
82
Elastic Solids
n,4,-1,.5
n,5,1,1
n,6,4,1
n,7,-2,-2
n,8,1,-1
n,9,4,0
e,4,5,2,1
e,5,6,3,2
e,7,8,5,4
e,8,9,6,5
d, 1, ux, 2.598076211353316
d, 1, uy, -1.5
d, 2, ux, 1.1650635094610964
d, 2, uy, -2.982050807568877
d, 3, ux, -0.2679491924311228
d, 3, uy, -4.464101615137754
d, 4, ux, 0.9330127018922193
d, 4, uy, 0.6160254037844386
d, 6, ux, -1.1339745962155616
d, 6, uy, -3.9641016151377544
d, 7, ux, -0.7320508075688772
d, 7, uy, 2.732050807568877
d, 8, ux, -1.3660254037844386
d, 8, uy, -0.3660254037844386
d, 9, ux, -2.
d, 9, uy, -3.4641016151377544
!*
SOL
FINISH
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
Computed displacements
PRINT U

LOAD STEP=
SUBSTEP=
83
TIME=
1.0000
LOAD CASE=

NODE
UX
1
2.5981
2
1.1651
3 -0.26795
4 0.93301
5 0.36603
6 -1.1340
7 -0.73205
8 -1.3660
9 -2.0000
UY
-1.5000
-2.9821
-4.4641
0.61603
-1.3660
-3.9641
2.7321
-0.36603
-3.4641
UZ
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

NODE
1
3
VALUE
2.5981
-4.4641
PRINT S
0
0.0000
USUM
3.0000
3.2016
4.4721
1.1180
1.4142
4.1231
2.8284
1.4142
4.0000
3
4.4721
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
ELEMENT=
NODE
1
SX
PLANE42
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
0.95694E-13
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
0.17509E-12
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
0.21734E-13
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
0.23056E-12
0.0000
0.0000
ELEMENT=
PLANE42
84
Elastic Solids
NODE
SX
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
0.24772E-14
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
-0.19154E-13
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
-0.34503E-13
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
0.14726E-12
0.0000
0.0000
ELEMENT=
NODE
3
SX
PLANE42
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
0.16836E-12
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
0.15531E-12
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
-0.17370E-12
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
0.12758E-12
0.0000
0.0000
ELEMENT=
NODE
4
SX
PLANE42
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
0.71100E-13
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
-0.25544E-12
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
-0.11380E-12
0.0000
0.0000
-714.29
-714.29
0.0000
-0.10752E-12
0.0000
0.0000
The computed displacements at node 5 are as expected. However why do we have stresses in a rigid-body
rotation? The answer will be clear after looking at different stress and strain measures discussed in Chapter 9. The given rotation obviously is large. For a proper analysis we must include large displacement
effects.
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb2-5\Prb2-5RigidRotationLargeDisp.txt
!Problem 2.5
!* Rigid-body rotation
PREP7
!*
85
!*
ET,1,PLANE42
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,2,1
KEYOPT,1,3,3
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!*
!*
R,1,1,
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,1000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.3
n,1,0,3
n,2,2,2.5
n,3,4,2
n,4,-1,.5
n,5,1,1
n,6,4,1
n,7,-2,-2
n,8,1,-1
n,9,4,0
e,4,5,2,1
e,5,6,3,2
e,7,8,5,4
e,8,9,6,5
d, 1, ux, 2.598076211353316
d, 1, uy, -1.5
d, 2, ux, 1.1650635094610964
d, 2, uy, -2.982050807568877
d, 3, ux, -0.2679491924311228
d, 3, uy, -4.464101615137754
d, 4, ux, 0.9330127018922193
d, 4, uy, 0.6160254037844386
d, 6, ux, -1.1339745962155616
86
Elastic Solids
d, 6, uy, -3.9641016151377544
d, 7, ux, -0.7320508075688772
d, 7, uy, 2.732050807568877
d, 8, ux, -1.3660254037844386
d, 8, uy, -0.3660254037844386
d, 9, ux, -2.
d, 9, uy, -3.4641016151377544
!*
SOL
FINISH
NLGEOM,1
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
2.5981
-1.5000
0.0000
3.0000
1.1651
-2.9821
0.0000
3.2016
3 -0.26795
-4.4641
0.0000
4.4721
0.93301
0.61603
0.0000
1.1180
0.36603
-1.3660
0.0000
1.4142
-1.1340
-3.9641
0.0000
4.1231
7 -0.73205
2.7321
0.0000
2.8284
87
-1.3660
-0.36603
0.0000
1.4142
-2.0000
-3.4641
0.0000
4.0000

NODE
VALUE
2.5981
-4.4641
0.0000
4.4721
PRINT S
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
THE FOLLOWING X,Y,Z VALUES ARE IN ROTATED GLOBAL COORDINATES,

WHICH INCLUDE RIGID BODY ROTATION EFFECTS
ELEMENT=
NODE
1
SX
PLANE42
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
0.38362E-12 0.51378E-12
0.0000
0.24260E-12
0.0000
0.0000
0.49884E-12-0.69611E-13
0.0000
-0.96242E-13
0.0000
0.0000
2 -0.71307E-12-0.24381E-12
0.0000
-0.23597E-12
0.0000
0.0000
1 -0.71974E-12 0.29051E-12
0.0000
0.51962E-12
0.0000
0.0000
ELEMENT=
NODE
2
SX
PLANE42
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
5 -0.33206E-13 0.95936E-13
0.0000
-0.17395E-12
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-0.77039E-12
0.0000
0.0000
0.69046E-12 0.15061E-11
88
Elastic Solids
0.23130E-12 0.23725E-11
0.0000
-0.51119E-12
0.0000
0.0000
2 -0.74747E-12-0.95343E-12
0.0000
0.11432E-12
0.0000
0.0000
ELEMENT=
NODE
7
3
SX
PLANE42
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
0.21867E-13-0.35786E-13
0.0000
-0.58393E-13
0.0000
0.0000
8 -0.16213E-12 0.99554E-13
0.0000
0.24948E-13
0.0000
0.0000
0.44462E-12 0.32266E-12
0.0000
0.80503E-13
0.0000
0.0000
0.23602E-12-0.17840E-12
0.0000
0.10199E-12
0.0000
0.0000
ELEMENT=
NODE
4
SX
PLANE42
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
8 -0.20260E-12-0.55623E-13
0.0000
0.15938E-12
0.0000
0.0000
9 -0.44069E-12-0.26760E-12
0.0000
0.24357E-12
0.0000
0.0000
0.34975E-12-0.82259E-12
0.0000
-0.28820E-12
0.0000
0.0000
0.29504E-12 0.70072E-12
0.0000
-0.18435E-12
0.0000
0.0000
2.6
Consider a displacement field u = 0.1 + 0.2 x and v = 0.2 - 0.06 y for a patch of 5 elements shown in the
figure.
(i) Determine the constant stress field corresponding to this displacement field. Determine the applied
forces on the sides 1-3 and 3-4 that are consistent with this stress field. Assume plane stress conditions
with E = 1000 and n = 0.3.
(ii) Verify that fe2Quad passes the patch test. On the sides 1-2 and 2-4 apply the displacements given by
the assumed field. On sides 1-3 and 3-4 apply forces obtained in part (i). For the test to pass the displacements at the interior nodes should be consistent with the assumed displacement field. Also the element
stresses should be equal to the constant stress field computed in (i).
89
y
10
8
7
2
0
2
x
10
Figure 2.36.
Strains = 80.2, -0.06, 0<

Stresses = 8200., 0, 0<
Along 1-3: nx = -1
Along 3-4: nx = 0
ny = 0
ny = 1
Expected displacements at the nodes
q = -200.
q=0
15
20
90
Elastic Solids
Node
0.1
0.2
4.1
0.2
0.1
-0.4
4.1
-0.4
0.9
0.02
2.9
-0.04
1.3
-0.16
2.9
-0.22
Specified displacements at nodes 1, 2, & 4
Node
dof
Specified value
0.2
4.1
0.2
4.1
-0.4
The following solution is obtained.
Specified nodal loads

Node
dof
Value
u1
-1000.
u3
-1000.
Equations for element 1
= 0.3;
E = 1000;
h=1
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
20
14
91
Complete element equations for element 1

ij 635.905
jj
jj 156.216
jj
jj
jj 273.638
jj
jj
jj -47.6847
jj
jj
jjj -348.294
jj
jjj -168.91
jj
jj -561.249
jj
j
k 60.3784
yzij u1 yz ij 0. yz
zj
z j z
-1684.13 zzzzjjjj v1 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zzjj
zz jj zz
-20.2122 478.398
-190.439 -436.201 27.3869
-315.835 183.264 zzzzjjjj u2 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zzjj
zz jj zz
962.273
-190.439 1145.07
54.8594
-1370.28 183.264
zzjj
zz = jj zz
-168.91 -436.201 54.8594
723.439
152.353
61.0559
-38.3024 zzzjjj u6 zzz jjj 0. zzz
zzjj
zz jj zz
-934.705 27.3869
-1370.28 152.353
1876.26
-10.8298 428.727 zzzzjjjj v6 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zzjj
zz jj zz
32.9059
-315.835 183.264
61.0559
-10.8298 816.028
-205.34 zzzzjjjj u5 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zj
z j z
-1684.13 183.264
-737.064 -38.3024 428.727
-205.34 1992.47 {k v5 { k 0. {
-47.6847 -348.294 -168.91
156.216
273.638
1656.56
-20.2122 962.273
= 0.3;
E = 1000;
-168.91
-561.249 60.3784
-934.705 32.9059
h=1
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
20
20
10
14
14

ij 372.859
jj
jj -163.755
jj
jj
jj 176.592
jj
jj
jj -28.5522
jj
jj
jjj -240.655
jj
jjj 168.434
jj
jj -308.796
jj
j
k 23.8735
-163.755 176.592
370.519
-28.5522 -240.655 168.434
-1.07971 -178.212 168.434
-308.796 23.8735
-248.452 -3.59902 56.1447
-1.07971 464.434
193.387
-308.796 -3.59902 -332.23
-178.212 193.387
402.571
23.8735
56.1447
681.335
-152.838 -131.884 -39.4693
168.434
-308.796 23.8735
-248.452 -3.59902 56.1447

-3.59902 -332.23
56.1447
-11.9967 -463.034
-188.709 -131.884 -11.9967 772.91
-188.709 -280.504 -39.4693 -463.034 204.304
= 0.3;
E = 1000;
-152.838 655.342
h=1
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
20
10
10
14
-188.709
-188.709 -280.504
204.304
687.393
yzij u2
zzjj
zzjj v2
zzjj
zzjj
zzjj u4
zzzjjj
zzjj v
zzzjjj 4
zzjj
zzzjjj u8
zzjj
zzzjjj v8
zzjj
zzzjjj u6
zzjj
{k v6
yz ij 0. yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
z j z
{ k 0. {
92
Elastic Solids

ij 534.294
jj
jj 145.06
jj
jj
jj 270.337
jj
jj
jj -35.4564
jj
jj
jjj -278.413
jj
jjj -165.695
jj
jj -526.218
jj
j
k 56.0914
yzij u4 yz ij 0. yz
zj
z j z
zzjj
zz jj zz
-7.98383 496.584
-205.877 -391.544 17.7583
zzjj
zz jj zz
959.504
-205.877 1185.17
45.2309
-1258.27 196.102
zzjj
zz = jj zz
-165.695 -391.544 45.2309
682.436
133.113
-12.4786 -12.6492 zzzjjj u7 zzz jjj 0. zzz
zzjj
zz jj zz
-730.397 17.7583
-1258.27 133.113
1726.3
14.8233
262.374 zzzzjjjj v7 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zzjj
zz jj zz
28.6189
-375.377 196.102
-12.4786 14.8233
914.074
zj
z j z
-1590.24 196.102
-886.404 -12.6492 262.374
-239.545 2214.27 {k v8 { k 0. {
-35.4564 -278.413 -165.695 -526.218 56.0914
145.06
270.337
1361.13
-7.98383 959.504
= 0.3;
E = 1000;
-165.695 -730.397 28.6189
h=1
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
10

ij 556.171
jj
jj 141.486
jj
jj
jj -514.24
jj
jj
jj 58.109
jj
jj
jjj -298.199
jj
jjj -166.944
jj
jj 256.268
jj
j
k -32.6506
141.486
-514.24
358.843
85.5815
85.5815
945.794
-113.814 -248.214
-166.944 -81.0789
-148.483 -26.8315
-60.1232 -350.476
-96.5462 189.464
= 0.3;
E = 1000;
-298.199 -166.944 256.268

-32.6506 yi u1
zzjj
-113.814 -166.944 -148.483 -60.1232 -96.5462 zzzzjjjj v1
zzjj
-248.214 -81.0789 -26.8315 -350.476 189.464 zzzzjjjj u5
zzjj
845.91
0.641073 -371.632 189.464
-360.464 zzzzjjjj v5
zzjj
0.641073 695.078
127.778
-315.8
38.5256 zzzjjj u7
zzjj
-371.632 127.778
472.114
65.9982
48.0016 zzzzjjjj v7
zzjj
189.464
-315.8
65.9982
410.007
-195.339 zzzzjjjj u3
zj
-360.464 38.5256
48.0016
-195.339 409.009 {k v3
58.109
h=1
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
14
14
yz ij 0. yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
z j z
{ k 0. {
93

ij 395.781
jj
jj 86.2022
jj
jj
jj 104.234
jj
jj
jj -33.2311
jj
jj
jjj -142.651
jj
jjj -137.526
jj
jj -357.364
jj
j
k 84.555
yzij u5 yz ij 0. yz
zj
z j z
zzjj
zz jj zz
-5.75857 637.053
-294.63 -336.27 52.8055
zzjj
zz jj zz
579.179
-294.63 1332.64
80.278
-1091.69 247.583
zzjj
zz = jj zz
-137.526 -336.27 80.278
437.969
77.6482
40.9511
-20.4001 zzzjjj u8 zzz jjj 0. zzz
zzjj
zz jj zz
-389.984 52.8055
-1091.69 77.6482
1042.27
7.07241
439.403 zzzzjjjj v8 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zzjj
zz jj zz
57.0825
-405.017 247.583
40.9511
7.07241
721.43
zj
z j z
-1138.28 247.583
-820.128 -20.4001 439.403
-311.738 1519.01 {k v7 { k 0. {
-33.2311 -142.651 -137.526 -357.364 84.555
86.2022
104.234
949.087
-5.75857 579.179
-137.526 -389.984 57.0825

Node
dof
Value
v1
0.2
u2
4.1
v2
0.2
u4
4.1
v4
-0.4
After adjusting for essential boundary conditions we have

ij 1192.08
jj
jj 256.268
jj
jj
jj -32.6506
jj
jj
jj -1075.49
jj
jj
jjj 118.487
jj
jjj -348.294
jj
jj -168.91
jj
jj
jj -298.199
jj
jj
jj -166.944
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
256.268
-32.6506 -1075.49 118.487
-348.294 -168.91
-298.199 -166.944 0
906.591
-401.216 -350.476 189.464
-707.344 83.7565
83.7565
-401.216 1594.18
189.464
-360.464 0
-350.476 189.464
2157.6
-367.353 165.29
-44.0609 -438.443 57.7235
189.464
-360.464 -367.353 3787.46
-707.344 83.7565
83.7565
-44.0609 1007.91
-44.0609 2133.4
-1509.91 -13
-405.017 247.583
-46
62.0278
3896.29
247.583
-820.128 40.8
-405.017 247.583
2098.94
-50.8467 28.4
-1509.91 247.583
-820.128 -50.8467 3717.42
-142.651 -137.526 -468.154 40.8087
-886.404 -137.526 -389.984 40.8087
8u1 = 0.1, u3 = 0.1, v3 = -0.4, u5 = 0.9, v5 = 0.02,

u6 = 2.9, v6 = -0.04, u7 = 1.3, v7 = -0.16, u8 = 2.9, v8 = -0.22<
Nodal solution
57.7235
-14
-44.0609 1007.91
Solving the final system of global equations we get
Solution summary
62.0278
-1210.27 196.
-438.443 57.7235
-1210.27 57.7235
-375.377 196.102
196.102
165.29
-37
28.4725
-5.5
-5.57678 2033
-1554.72 -5.57678 701.777
-31
94
Elastic Solids
0.1
0.2
20
4.1
0.2
10
0.1
-0.4
20
10
4.1
-0.4
0.9
0.02
14
2.9
-0.04
1.3
-0.16
14
2.9
-0.22
Solution at selected points on elements

Coord
19
74
17
21
10
33
52
19
19
2
5
Support reactions
Disp
Stresses
Principal stresses
Effective Stress
2.
0.095
200.
0.
0
-3.68629 10-14
0
0
200.
0.
-6.79436 10-30
200.
3.5
-0.115
200.
-1.42109 10-14
0
1.36776 10-14
0
0
200.
0.
-1.42109 10-14
200.
2.1
-0.295
200.
1.42109 10-14
0
-8.80706 10-14
0
0
200.
1.42109 10-14
0.
200.
0.6
-0.085
200.
-1.42109 10-14
0
-2.66881 10-15
0
0
200.
0.
-1.42109 10-14
200.
2.
-0.1
200.
0.
0
-1.80144 10-14
0
0
200.
0.
-1.6226 10-30
200.
95
Node
dof
Reaction
1000.
1000.
Sum of applied loads H -2000. 0 L
Sum of support reactions H 2000. 0 L
The stresses and displacements clearly are as expected.
2.7 Programming Project

Implement thermal stress capability in fe2Quad.

Modify fe2Quad to use 8 node elements.
2.9
A foot pedal lever, shown in Figure 2.37, is made of steel with E = 207 GPa, n = 0.29, and a tensile strength
of 450 MPa. The pedal part is 75 mm long, 20 mm wide, and 10 mm thick. The arm is 200 mm long, 10 mm
thick, with height varying linearly from 25 mm at the base to 10 mm at junction with the pedal. The pressure from the foot is 2 N mm2 applied over an area of 50 mm 10 mm near the tip of the pedal. Assume
the arm is completely fixed at the base. Determine if the chosen dimensions are suitable from stress and
deflection point of view.
96
Elastic Solids
75
10
20
200 mm
25
Figure 2.37 Foot Pedal
97
t=10;L=200;w=20;b=75;wl=50;hl=10;hb=25;ht=10;
front={{0,0},{t,0},{0,L},{t,L},{b-wl,L},{b,L},
{0,L+w-hl},{t,L+w-hl},{b-wl,L+w-hl}, {b,L+w-hl},
{0,L+w}, {t,L+w},{b-wl,L+w},{b,L+w}};
coord=Partition[Flatten[{Map[{#,-hb/2}&,front[[{1,2}]]],
Map[{#,-ht/2}&,Drop[front,2]],
Map[{#,hb/2}&,front[[{1,2}]]],Map[{#,ht/2}&,Drop[front,2]]}],3];
conn={{1,2,16,15,3,4,18,17},{3,4,18,17,7,8,22,21},{4,5,19,18,8,9,23,22},{5,6,20,19,9,10,24,23},{7,8,22,21,11,
12,26,25},{8,9,23,22,12,13,27,26},{9,10,24,23,13,14,28,27}};
AnsysFiles\Chap02\Prb2-9\Prb2-9SolidData.txt
!* Problem 2.9
!*
PREP7
!*
98
Elastic Solids
ET,1,SOLID45
!*
KEYOPT,1,1,1
KEYOPT,1,2,0
KEYOPT,1,4,0
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,207000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.29
k, 1, 0, 0, -252
k, 2, 10, 0, -252
k, 3, 0, 200, -5
k, 4, 10, 200, -5
k, 5, 25, 200, -5
k, 6, 75, 200, -5
k, 7, 0, 210, -5
k, 8, 10, 210, -5
k, 9, 25, 210, -5
k, 10, 75, 210, -5
k, 11, 0, 220, -5
k, 12, 10, 220, -5
k, 13, 25, 220, -5
k, 14, 75, 220, -5
k, 15, 0, 0, 252
k, 16, 10, 0, 252
k, 17, 0, 200, 5
k, 18, 10, 200, 5
k, 19, 25, 200, 5
k, 20, 75, 200, 5
k, 21, 0, 210, 5
k, 22, 10, 210, 5
k, 23, 25, 210, 5
k, 24, 75, 210, 5
k, 25, 0, 220, 5
99
k, 26, 10, 220, 5

k, 27, 25, 220, 5
k, 28, 75, 220, 5
v, 1, 2, 16, 15, 3, 4, 18, 17
v, 3, 4, 18, 17, 7, 8, 22, 21
v, 4, 5, 19, 18, 8, 9, 23, 22
v, 5, 6, 20, 19, 9, 10, 24, 23
v, 7, 8, 22, 21, 11, 12, 26, 25
v, 8, 9, 23, 22, 12, 13, 27, 26
v, 9, 10, 24, 23, 13, 14, 28, 27
FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,1
!*
GO
DA,P51X,ALL,
FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1
GO
FITEM,2,33
!*
SFA,P51X,1,PRES,2
FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,6
AESIZE,P51X,1,
MSHKEY,0
MSHAPE,1,3d
FLST,5,7,6,ORDE,2
FITEM,5,1
FITEM,5,-7
CM,_Y,VOLU
VSEL, , , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,VOLU
CHKMSH,'VOLU'
CMSEL,S,_Y
!*
!*
VCLEAR,_Y1
MSHAPE,0,3d
MSHKEY,1
100
Elastic Solids
VMESH,_Y1
MSHKEY,0
!*
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
CMDELE,_Y2
SOL
FINISH
STATUS,SOLU
ERESX,NO
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
!*
101
CHAPTER THREE
Solids of Revolution
3.1
A long steel pipe, with outside diameter d and wall thickness t, is subjected to an internal pressure p.
Compute displacements and principal stresses by modeling a unit section of the pipe using two axisymmetric triangular elements. Report your solution at the element centroids. Use the following numerical values.
E = 200 GPa; n = 0.3; t = 15 mm; d = 100 mm; p = 1 MPa
Figure 3.13.
Long cylinder subjected to internal pressure
z3
Figure 3.14.
Two axisymmetric element model
We analyze a 50 mm segment with zero displacements in the z direction. Use N - mm units. The stresses
will be in MPa and the displacements in mm.
Global equations at start of the element assembly process

ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i u1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj w1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj w2
zz jj
0 0 zzz jjj u3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj w3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj u4
zj
0 0 { k w4
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
z j z
{ k0{

E = 200000;
n = 0.3
ij 269231.
jj
jj 115385.
C = jjjj
jj 115385.
jjj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zzz
0
0
76923.1 {
115385. 115385. 0
269231. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
35
50
35
50
r1 = 35
r2 = 50
r3 = 35
z1 = 0
z2 = 0
z3 = 50
Coordinates at element centroid: r = 40

Using these values we get
b1 = -50
b2 = 50
c 1 = -15
c2 = 0
f1 = 2500;
f2 = -1750;
b3 = 0
c 3 = 15
f3 = 0
50
z =
3
Element area, A = 375

1
ij -
jj 15
jj
j
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jj 120
jj
jj 1
k -
50
15
-
50
120
120
1
-
15
15
50
yz
zz
z
1 z
zz
50 z
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
zz
0 {
0
Load vector due to distributed load on side 3 Hnodes 83, 1<L

Specified load components: qn = -1;
End nodal coordinates: H 835, 50<
qt = 0
835, 0< L giving side length, L = 50

nx = -1;
Components of unit normal to the side:

r Tq = H 1750 p

0 0 0 1750 p
ny = 0
0L
Complete element equations

ij 1.05354 108
jj
jj
7
jjj 2.23536 10
jj
jj
jj -1.11013 108
jj
jj
jj -9.66644 106
jj
jj
jj -7.17934 106
jj
jj
7
k -1.26872 10
ij u1
jj
jj w1
jj
jj
jj u2
jj
jj
jj w2
jj
jj
jj u3
jj
k w3
2.23536 107
-1.11013 108
-9.66644 106
-7.17934 106
4.23712 107
-1.63121 107
-3.22215 107
-1.14789 107
-1.63121 107
1.2662 108
7.80364 106
-3.22215 107
3.22215 107
9.66644 106
-1.14789 107
7.80364 106
9.66644 106
4.66204 106
-1.01498 107
1.63121 107
1.81246 106
yz ij 5497.79 yz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0.
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0.
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zzz jjj 0.
zz
zz jj
z
zzz jjj 5497.79 zzz
zz jj
zz
{ k 0.
{
The element contributes to 81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6< global degrees of freedom.

Adding element equations into appropriate locations we have
-1.26872 107 yz
zz
z
-1.01498 107 zzzz
zz
z
1.63121 107 zzz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
6
1.81246 10 zzz
zz
z
1.01498 107 {
8
jij 1.05354 10
jj
jj 2.23536 107
jjj
jj
jj -1.11013 108
jj
jj
jj -9.66644 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -7.17934 106
jj
jj
jj -1.26872 107
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
2.23536 107
-1.11013 108
-9.66644 106
-7.17934 106
-1.26872 107
0 0
4.23712 10
-1.63121 10
-3.22215 10
-1.14789 10
-1.01498 10
0 0
-1.63121 107
1.2662 108
7.80364 106
1.63121 107
0 0
0 0
-3.22215 10
-1.14789 10
3.22215 10
0
6
7.80364 10
9.66644 10
9.66644 10
4.66204 10
1.63121 10
1.81246 10
1.01498 10
0 0
0 0
0 0
n = 0.3
ij 269231.
jj
jj 115385.
C = jjjj
jj 115385.
jjj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zzz
0
0
76923.1 {
115385. 115385. 0
269231. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
50
50
50
35
50
r1 = 50
r2 = 50
r3 = 35
z1 = 0
z2 = 50
z3 = 50

b1 = 0
b2 = 50
b3 = -50
c 1 = -15
c 2 = 15
f1 = 750;
f2 = -2500;
c3 = 0
f3 = 2500

ij 0
jj
jj
j
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jj 135
jj
jj 1
k -
50
15
1
-
15
-
50
50
135
135
50
15
0 0
1.81246 10
-1.01498 10

E = 200000;
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
z
1 z
-
15 {
0
100
z =
3

ij 4.82874 106
jj
jj
jj -1.81246 106
jj
jj
jj 4.34542 106
jj
jj
jj -9.06229 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -4.4752 106
jj
j
7
k 1.08747 10
ij u2
jj
jj w2
jj
jj
jj u4
jj
jj
jj w4
jj
jj
jjj u3
j
k w3
-1.81246 106
7
4.34542 106
7
1.14185 10
-1.81246 10
7
-9.06229 106
-4.4752 106
-1.14185 10
7
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
7 z
-1.08747 10 zzz
zz
z
-3.62491 107 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
z
7
3.62491 10 {
1.08747 107
1.44997 10
-1.81246 10
1.43784 10
2.89993 10
-1.25306 108
-1.14185 107
2.89993 107
4.76676 107
-1.44997 107
1.44997 107
-1.25306 108
-1.44997 107
1.16355 108
-1.08747 107
-3.62491 107
yz ij 0. yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0. zzz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0. zz
zz jj zz
z j z
{ k 0. {

ij 1.05354 108
jj
jj
7
jjj 2.23536 10
jj
jj
jj -1.11013 108
jj
jj
jj -9.66644 106
jj
jj
jj -7.17934 106
jj
jj
jj -1.26872 107
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
2.23536 107
-1.11013 108
-9.66644 106
-7.17934 106
-1.26872 107
4.23712 10
-1.63121 10
7
-1.63121 10
-3.22215 10
-1.14789 10
-1.01498 10
1.31449 10
-1.81246 10
6
-1.81246 10
6
3.32843 10
4.36399 10
2.71869 10
Node
dof
Value
w1
w2
w3
w4
Remove 82, 4, 6, 8< rows and columns.

4.3454
-1.812
6
1.81246 10
-1.253
1.81246 10
-1.14185 10
2.71869 10
3.32843 10
-1.81246 10
-9.06229 10
1.21017 10
7
-1.01498 10
0
6
-1.14789 10
2.41661 10
2.41661 10
4.34542 10
-3.22215 10
4.63989 10
8
-1.25306 10
-1.44997 10
-1.087
7
1.4378
2.8999
-1.08747 10
-3.62491 10
8
jij 1.05354 10
jj
jj -1.11013 108
jjj
jj
jj -7.17934 106
jj
jj
k0
-1.11013 108
-7.17934 106
1.31449 10
3.32843 10
3.32843 106
1.21017 108
4.34542 106
-1.25306 108
zyz ji u1
zz j
4.34542 10 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jjj
z
-1.25306 108 zzz jjjj u3
zz j
z
1.43784 108 { k u4
0
yz ji 5497.79 zy
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj 5497.79 zzz
zz jj
zz
{ k0
{
8u1 = 0.000531958, u2 = 0.000420706, u3 = 0.000535198, u4 = 0.000453704<
Complete table of nodal values

u
0.000531958
0.000420706
0.000535198
0.000453704
Solution for element 1

E = 200000;
n = 0.3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zz
0
0
76923.1 {
ij 269231.
jj
jj 115385.
C = jjjj
jjj 115385.
j
k0
115385. 115385. 0
269231. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
35
50
35
50
r1 = 35
r2 = 50
r3 = 35
z1 = 0
z2 = 0
z3 = 50

b1 = -50
b2 = 50
c 1 = -15
c2 = 0
f1 = 2500;
f2 = -1750;
b3 = 0
c 3 = 15
f3 = 0

Substituting these into the formulas for triangle interpolation functions we get
r
z
10 r
7 z
Interpolation functions, :- - + , - , >
15
50
3 15
3 50
r
z
10
ij -
-
+
15
50
3
j
j
N =j
j0
k
T
- 73
15
50
r
z
10
-
+
-
15
50
3
- 73
15
yz
zz
z
z z
50 {
Hdisplacements at nodes 81, 2, 3<L:
From global solution the displacements at the element nodes are

d T = 80.000531958, 0, 0.000420706, 0, 0.000535198, 0<
The displacement distribution over the element is
i -7.41682 10-6 r + 6.4802 10-8 z + 0.000791547 zy

ij uHx,yL yz
zz
z = NT d = jjj
j
k wHx,yL {
k0
{
Strains and stresses at element centroid:
e T = H -7.41682 10-6
50
z =
3
r = 40;
0 0.0000123988 6.4802 10-8
s T = H -0.5662 0.574849 2.48236 0.00498477 0 0 L
0 0L

E = 200000;
n = 0.3
yz
zz
zz
269231. 115385. 0
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zz
0
0
76923.1 {
ij 269231.
jj
jj 115385.
C = jjjj
jjj 115385.
j
k0
115385. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
50
50
50
35
50
r1 = 50
r2 = 50
r3 = 35
z1 = 0
z2 = 50
z3 = 50

b1 = 0
b2 = 50
c 1 = -15
c 2 = 15
f1 = 750;
f2 = -2500;
b3 = -50
c3 = 0
f3 = 2500
z
r
z
10 10
r
Interpolation functions, :1 - , + - , - >
50 15
50
3
3
15
z
ij 1 -
50
NT = jjjj
k0
r
z
10
+
-
15
50
3
10
r
3
15
1 -
50
r
z
10
+
-
15
50
3
yz
zz
z
10
r z
3 -
15 {

d T = 80.000420706, 0, 0.000453704, 0, 0.000535198, 0<
i -5.43297 10-6 r + 6.59957 10-7 z + 0.000692354 yz

ij uHx,yL yz
zz
z = NT d = jjj
j
k wHx,yL {
k0
{
r = 45;
e T = H -5.43297 10-6 0 0.0000104415 6.59957 10-7

s T = H -0.25793 0.577912 2.1843 0.0507659 0 0 L
100
z =
3
0 0L
Solution summary
Nodal solution
r
35
0.000531958
50
0.000420706
35
50
0.000535198
50
50
0.000453704
Solution at selected points on the elements

r
40
45
50
100
Disp
Stresses
Principal stresses
Effective Stress
0.000495954
0
-0.5662
0.574849
2.48236
0.00498477
0
0
2.48236
0.574871
-0.566222
2.66782
0.000469869
0
-0.25793
0.577912
2.1843
0.0507659
0
0
2.1843
0.580984
-0.261002
2.15164
10
Exact solutions for tangential and radial stresses in an open-ended thick cylinder are given by the following formulas.
i i
0
J1 -
N;
sr =
r2
r 2 -r 2
p r2
0
r2
i i
0
st =
J1 +
N
r2
r 2 -r 2
p r2
0
r2
Exact stresses at r = 40 mm:
sr = -0.540441 MPa;
st = 2.46201 MPa
sr = -0.225369 MPa;
st = 2.14694 MPa
Even with only two elements the finite element solution is reasonable.
AnsysFiles\Chap03\Prb3-1\Prb3-1Data.txt
!* Problem 3.1
!* Axisymmetric model
PREP7
!*
!*
ET,1,PLANE42
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,2,1
KEYOPT,1,3,1
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,200000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.3
*set,t,15
*set,d,100
*set,h,50
*set,p,1
11
k,1,d2-t,0
k,2,d2,0
k,3,d2-t,h
k,4,d2,h
a,1,2,4,3
!*
LESIZE,2,h10, , , , , , ,1
LESIZE,1,t20, , , , , , ,1
!*
MSHKEY,1
AMESH,1
SFL,4,PRES,p
DL,1,,UY,0
DL,3,,UY,0
!*
SOL
FINISH
STATUS,SOLU
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
12
Plot@Evaluate@Abs@thickCylinderStresses@p, 35, 50, rDD@@1DDD, 8r, 35, 50<, AxesLabel 8"r", "sr "<D;
sr
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
r
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
Plot@Evaluate@Abs@thickCylinderStresses@p, 35, 50, rDD@@2DDD, 8r, 35, 50<, AxesLabel 8"r", "st "<D;
13
st
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
r
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
3.2
An aluminum tube is fitted inside a large block at room temperature of 25C. Find stresses in the tube if
the assembly is employed in an environment where the temperature is 100C. Assume that the block is
rigid and that the bond between the end of the tube and the block is perfect. Along the sides of the tube
the sliding is possible with essentially no friction. Use the following data.
Outer tube diameter = 40 mm Tube wall thickness = 10 mm
E = 72 GPa n = 0.33 a = 23 10-6
40 mm
Figure 3.15.
50 mm
14
Solve the problem with a coarse model with only 4 axisymmetric triangular elements. Show all calculations.
z5 6
4
3
3 4
2
1
1 2
Figure 3.16.
Four axisymmetric element model
15
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 y i u1
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj w1
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj w2
zz jj
0 zzz jjj u3
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj w3
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj u4
zz jj
0 zzz jjj w4
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj u5
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj w5
zz jj
0 zzz jjj u6
zz jj
0 { k w6
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
z j z
{ k0{

E = 72000;
n = 0.33
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
52543.1 106678. 0
zz
0
0
27067.7 {
ij 106678.
jj
jj 52543.1
C = jjjj
jj 52543.1
jj
k0
52543.1 52543.1 0
106678. 52543.1 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
10
20
20
40
r1 = 10
r2 = 20
r3 = 20
z1 = 0
z2 = 0
z3 = 40
50
Coordinates at element centroid: r =
3
b1 = -40
c1 = 0
f1 = 800;
b2 = 40
c 2 = -10
f2 = -400;
b3 = 0
c 3 = 10
f3 = 0
40
z =
3
16
jij -
jj 10
jj
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jj 50
jj
jj
k0
10
-
40
40
50
50
-
10
1
-
40
10
40
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
Load vector due to temperature change

23
;
a =
1000000
69
e T0 = I
40000
DT = 75;
69
40000
r Te = H -612056. 0. 918084. -191268. 153014. 191268. L
69
40000
0M

ij 1.88345 107
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -2.1449 107
jj
jj
jj 2.20092 106
jjj
jj
jjj -1.30721 106
jj
j
6
k -2.20092 10
ij u1
jj
jj w1
jjj
jj u
jj 2
jj
jj w2
jj
jj
jj u4
jj
j
k w4
-2.1449 107
2.20092 106
-1.30721 106
5.66904 106
1.41726 106
-5.66904 106
-1.41726 106
1.41726 106
2.79925 107
-4.71864 106
2.74031 106
-5.66904 106
-4.71864 106
7.06546 106
867030.
-1.41726 10
2.74031 10
867030.
1.24802 106
3.30138 106
-1.39642 106
550230.
yz ij -612056. yz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0.
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj 918084. zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -191268. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj 153014. zzz
zz jj
zz
{ k 191268. {

-2.20092 106 yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
6
3.30138 10 zzz
zz
z
-1.39642 106 zzzz
zz
zz
550230.
zz
zz
z
6
1.39642 10 {
17
7
jij 1.88345 10
jj
jj 0
jjj
jj
jj -2.1449 107
jj
jj
jj 2.20092 106
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1.30721 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -2.20092 106
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.1449 107
2.20092 106
5.66904 106
1.41726 106
0 0
-1.30721 106
-2.20092 106
-5.66904 106
0 0
-1.41726 106
1.41726 10
2.79925 10
-4.71864 10
0 0
2.74031 106
3.30138 106
-5.66904 106
-4.71864 106
7.06546 106
0 0
867030.
-1.39642 106
0 0
0 0
-1.41726 10
2.74031 10
867030.
6
550230.
-1.39642 10
0 0
550230.
1.39642 106
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
52543.1 106678. 0
zz
z
0
0
27067.7 {
52543.1 52543.1 0
106678. 52543.1 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
10
20
40
10
40
r1 = 10
r2 = 20
r3 = 10
z1 = 0
z2 = 40
z3 = 40
40
3
b1 = 0
1.24802 10
3.30138 10
n = 0.33
106678.
jij
jj 52543.1
j
C = jjjj
jj 52543.1
jj
k0
0 0

E = 72000;
0
6
b2 = 40
c 1 = -10
c2 = 0
f1 = 400;
f2 = -400;
b3 = -40
c 3 = 10
f3 = 400
80
z =
3
18
jij 0
jj
jj
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jj 40
jj
jj 1
k -
40
10
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
z
1 z
-
10 {
1
-
10
40
-
40
40
40
10
40

23
;
a =
1000000
69
e T0 = I
40000
DT = 75;
69
40000
r Te = H 153014. -153014. 765070. 0. -459042. 153014. L
69
40000
0M

ij 1.40059 106
jj
jj
jj -550230.
jj
jj
jj 3.31806 106
jj
jj
jj -1.13381 106
jjj
jj
jjj -1.36724 106
jj
j
6
k 1.68404 10
ij u1
jj
jj w1
jjj
jj u
jj 4
jj
jj w4
jj
jj
jj u3
jj
j
k w3
3.31806 106
-550230.
6
-1.13381 106
6
1.11713 10
-2.75115 10
6
-1.36724 106
6
1.65069 10
-2.75115 10
2.33931 10
-1.6757 107
4.53523 106
1.13381 106
1.65069 106
-1.6757 107
1.13381 106
1.48729 107
-1.11713 106
2.75115 106
-4.53523 106
-2.7845 106
yz ij 153014. yz
zz jj
z
zz jj -153014. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj 765070. zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0.
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
-459042.
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
{ k 153014. {

yz
zz
z
-1.11713 10 zzzz
zz
z
2.75115 106 zzz
zz
z
-4.53523 106 zzzz
zz
z
-2.7845 106 zzz
zz
z
5.65237 106 {
1.68404 106
19
7
jij 2.02351 10
jj
jj -550230.
jjj
jj
jj -2.1449 107
jj
jj
jj 2.20092 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -1.36724 106
jj
jj
jj 1.68404 106
jj
jj
jj 2.01084 106
jj
jj
jj -3.33473 106
jjj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jjj
k0
-2.1449 107
-550230.
6
2.20092 106
-1.36724 106
6
1.41726 10
-5.66904 10
1.65069 10
-1.11713 10
-4.168
1.41726 106
2.79925 107
-4.71864 106
2.7403
-5.66904 10
-4.71864 10
1.65069 10
0
6
-1.11713 10
2.74031 10
2.7511
5.65237 10
2.75115 10
2.4641
6
3.30138 10
-1.39642 10
1.13381 10
-4.53523 10
55023
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
52543.1 106678. 0
zz
z
0
0
27067.7 {
52543.1 52543.1 0
106678. 52543.1 0
Global node number
10
40
20
40
20
90
r1 = 10
r2 = 20
r3 = 20
z1 = 40
z2 = 40
z3 = 90
50
3
f1 = 1000;
-1.675
-1.6757 10
6
Element node
c1 = 0
-2.7845 10
6
7
867030.
86703
6
-2.7845 10
Nodal coordinates
b1 = -50
0
7
1.48729 10
0
6
-4.16841 10
7.06546 10
0
n = 0.33
ij 106678.
jj
jj 52543.1
C = jjjj
jj 52543.1
jj
k0
2.0108
6
6.78617 10

E = 72000;
1.68404 106
b2 = 50
c 2 = -10
f2 = -100;
b3 = 0
c 3 = 10
f3 = -400
170
z =
3
20
jij -
jj 10
jj
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jj 50
jj
jj
k0
10
-
50
50
50
50
-
10
1
-
50
10
50
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

23
;
a =
1000000
DT = 75;
r Te = H -765070. 0. 1.14761 106
69
e T0 = I
40000
69
40000
69
40000
-191268. 191268. 191268. L
0M

ij 2.35432 107
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jjj
jj -2.68112 107
jjj
jj 2.20092 106
jjj
jj
jjj -1.63402 106
jj
j
6
k -2.20092 10
u
jij 3
jj w
jj 3
jj
jj u
jj 4
jj
jj w
jj 4
jj
jj u6
jj
j
k w6
-2.68112 107
0
6
7.0863 10
1.41726 10
6
2.20092 106
-1.63402 106
-7.0863 10
-1.41726 10
1.41726 10
3.48312 10
-4.71864 10
3.58483 106
-7.0863 106
-4.71864 106
8.20343 106
867030.
-1.41726 10
3.58483 10
867030.
1.40059 106
3.30138 106
-1.11713 106
550230.
-765070.
zyz ijjj
zz jj 0.
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 1.14761 106
zz = jj
zz jj -191268.
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 191268.
zz jj
z j
{ k 191268.
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{

-2.20092 106 yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
6
3.30138 10 zzz
zz
z
-1.11713 106 zzzz
zz
zz
550230.
zz
zz
z
6
1.11713 10 {
21
7
jij 2.02351 10
jj
jj -550230.
jjj
jj
jj -2.1449 107
jj
jj
jj 2.20092 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -1.36724 106
jj
jj
jj 1.68404 106
jj
jj
jj 2.01084 106
jj
jj
jj -3.33473 106
jjj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
-2.1449 107
-550230.
6
2.20092 106
-1.36724 106
6
1.41726 10
-5.66904 10
1.65069 10
-1.11713 10
-4.168
1.41726 106
2.79925 107
-4.71864 106
2.7403
-5.66904 10
-4.71864 10
1.65069 10
0
6
-1.11713 10
2.74031 10
3.84161 10
-2.7845 10
-4.35682 10
867030.
6
86703
6
-2.7845 10
-4.356
4.1684
1.27387 10
7
4.16841 10
5.9472
7
3.30138 10
-1.39642 10
3.33473 10
-1.16215 10
-4.168
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
52543.1 106678. 0
zz
zz
0
0
27067.7 {
52543.1 52543.1 0
106678. 52543.1 0
Element node
Global node number
10
40
20
90
10
90
r1 = 10
r2 = 20
r3 = 10
z1 = 40
z2 = 90
z3 = 90
40
3
b2 = 50
c 1 = -10
c2 = 0
f1 = 900;
f2 = -500;
b3 = -50
c 3 = 10
f3 = 100
-1.41726 10
3.5848
3.3013
-2.20092 10
220
z =
3
-1.63402 10
Nodal coordinates
b1 = 0
0
7
0
6
-4.16841 10
7.06546 10
0
n = 0.33
106678.
jij
jj 52543.1
j
C = jjjj
jj 52543.1
jjj
k0
2.0108
6
6.78617 10

E = 72000;
1.68404 106
22
jij 0
jj
jj
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jj 40
jj
jj 1
k -
50
10
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
z
1 z
-
10 {
1
-
10
50
-
50
40
40
10
50

23
;
a =
1000000
69
e T0 = I
40000
DT = 75;
69
40000
r Te = H 191268. -153014. 956338. 0. -573803. 153014. L
69
40000
0M

ij 1.62318 106
jj
jj
jj -550230.
jj
jj
jj 4.14757 106
jj
jj
jj -1.13381 106
jjj
jj
jjj -1.5815 106
jj
j
6
k 1.68404 10
ij u3
jj
jj w3
jjj
jj u
jj 6
jj
jj w6
jj
jj
jj u5
jj
j
k w5
4.14757 106
-550230.
-1.13381 106
6
-2.75115 10
893707.
6
-1.5815 106
6
1.65069 10
-2.75115 10
2.92414 10
-2.09463 107
5.66904 106
1.13381 106
1.65069 106
-2.09463 107
1.13381 106
1.84636 107
-893707.
2.75115 106
-5.66904 106
-2.7845 106
yz ij 191268. yz
zz jj
z
zz jj -153014. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj 956338. zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0.
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
-573803.
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
{ k 153014. {
yz
zz
zz
zz
-893707.
zz
zz
6
2.75115 10 zzz
zz
z
-5.66904 106 zzzz
zz
z
-2.7845 106 zzz
zz
z
6.56275 106 {
1.68404 106
23
7
jij 2.02351 10
jj
jj -550230.
jjj
jj
jj -2.1449 107
jj
jj
jj 2.20092 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -1.36724 106
jj
jj
jj 1.68404 106
jj
jj
jj 2.01084 106
jj
jj
jj -3.33473 106
jjj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.1449 107
-550230.
6
2.20092 106
-1.36724 106
6
1.68404 106
2.0108
6
6.78617 10
1.41726 10
-5.66904 10
1.65069 10
-1.11713 10
-4.168
1.41726 106
2.79925 107
-4.71864 106
2.7403
-5.66904 10
6
1.65069 10
-4.71864 10
0
-1.11713 10
-4.16841 10
0
2.74031 10
-3.33473 10
-4.35682 10
6
1.36324 10
4.16841 10
-1.16215 10
-1.5815 10
1.65069 10
-893707.
1.68404 10
-4.168
0
0
2.51355 10
-4.16841 10
3.5848
-3.33473 10
3.3013
1.68404 106
2.51355 106
5.9472
7
3.33473 10
-4.356
4.1684
-3.33473 10
6
-1.39642 10
86703
6
4.00393 10
0
7
867030.
0
6
3.30138 10
7.06546 10
0

Node
dof
Value
u1
w1
0
0
u2
w2
0
0
u4
Remove 81, 2, 3, 4, 7< rows and columns.

7
jij 4.00393 10
jj
jj -3.33473 106
jj
jj
jj
jj 3.33473 106
jj
jj
jj -1.5815 106
jj
jj
jj 1.68404 106
jj
jj
jj 2.51355 106
jj
jj
6
k -3.33473 10
-3.33473 106
7
3.33473 106
-1.5815 106
7
1.36324 10
-1.16215 10
7
-1.16215 10
6
1.41351 10
1.65069 10
-893707.
0
7
-3.334
6
-4.16841 10
-1.117
867030.
6
1.65069 10
1.84636 10
-2.7845 10
-2.09463 10
1.1338
-893707.
-2.7845 106
6.56275 106
2.75115 106
-5.669
-4.16841 10
0
-2.09463 10
867030.
6
-1.11713 10
1.13381 10
8u3 = -0.0188239, w3 = 0.127113, w4 = 0.122604,

u5 = 0.0410784, w5 = 0.226363, u6 = 0.0566833, w6 = 0.216758<
2.75115 10
-5.66904 10
3.0642 10
55023
550230.
6.7861
24
-0.0188239
0.127113
0.122604
0.0410784
0.226363
0.0566833
0.216758

E = 72000;
n = 0.33
ij 106678.
jj
jj 52543.1
C = jjjj
jjj 52543.1
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
106678. 52543.1 0
zz
zz
zz
52543.1 106678. 0
zzz
0
0
27067.7 {
52543.1 52543.1 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
10
20
20
40
r1 = 10
r2 = 20
r3 = 20
z1 = 0
z2 = 0
z3 = 40

b1 = -40
c1 = 0
b2 = 40
b3 = 0
c 2 = -10
f1 = 800;
c 3 = 10
f2 = -400;
f3 = 0

r
r
z
z
Interpolation functions, :2 - , - - 1, >
10 10
40
40
ij 2 -
10
NT = jjjj
k0
r
z
-
- 1 0
10
40
0
2-
10
10
40
40
-1 0

d T = 80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.122604<
0
z
40
yz
zz
zz
{
25

yz
ij uHx,yL yz
i0
z = NT d = jj
z
j
k wHx,yL {
k 0.00306511 z {
69
e T0 = I
40000
69
40000
0M
69
40000
50
r = ;
3
e T = H 0 0.00306511 0 0 0 0 L
40
z =
3
s T = H -204.244 -38.3131 -204.244 0. 0 0 L

E = 72000;
n = 0.33
ij 106678.
jj
jj 52543.1
C = jjjj
jj 52543.1
jjj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
52543.1 106678. 0
zzz
0
0
27067.7 {
52543.1 52543.1 0
106678. 52543.1 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
10
20
40
10
40
r1 = 10
r2 = 20
r3 = 10
z1 = 0
z2 = 40
z3 = 40

b1 = 0
b2 = 40
b3 = -40
c 1 = -10
c2 = 0
c 3 = 10
f1 = 400;
f2 = -400;
f3 = 400

z
r
r
z
Interpolation functions, :1 - , - 1, - + + 1>
40 10
10
40
ij 1 -
40
NT = jjjj
k0
0
1-
40
- 1
10
10
-1
r
z
-
+
+ 1
10
40
r
-
10
40
yz
zz
z
+ 1 z{
26

d T = 80, 0, 0, 0.122604, -0.0188239, 0.127113<

i 0.00188239 r - 0.000470598 z - 0.0188239 yz
ij uHx,yL yz
z
j
z = NT d = jj
k -0.000450867 r + 0.00317783 z + 0.00450867 {
k wHx,yL {
69
e T0 = I
40000
69
40000
0M
69
40000
40
r = ;
3
80
z =
3
e T = H 0.00188239 0.00317783 -0.000470598 -0.000921464 0 0 L

s T = H -22.2375 47.8914 -149.617 -24.9419 0 0 L

E = 72000;
n = 0.33
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
52543.1 106678. 0
zz
0
0
27067.7 {
ij 106678.
jj
jj 52543.1
C = jjjj
jjj 52543.1
j
k0
52543.1 52543.1 0
106678. 52543.1 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
10
40
20
40
20
90
r1 = 10
r2 = 20
r3 = 20
z1 = 40
z2 = 40
z3 = 90

b1 = -50
c1 = 0
b2 = 50
c 2 = -10
f1 = 1000;
f2 = -100;
b3 = 0
c 3 = 10
f3 = -400

r
r
z
1 z
4
Interpolation functions, :2 - , - - , - >
10 10
50
5 50
5
27
ji 2 -
10
NT = jjj
j0
k
0
r
10
2-
r
z
-
- 15
10
50
10
50
15
- 45
50
50

d T = 8-0.0188239, 0.127113, 0, 0.122604, 0.0566833, 0.216758<

0.00188239 r + 0.00113367 z - 0.0829944 y
uHx,yL y
zz
jij
zz = NT d = jij
k -0.000450867 r + 0.00188308 z + 0.0562984 {
k wHx,yL {
69
e T0 = I
40000
69
40000
0M
69
40000
50
r = ;
3
170
z =
3
e T = H 0.00188239 0.00188308 0.000757188 0.000682799 0 0 L

s T = H -25.7556 -25.7182 -86.6688 18.4818 0 0 L

E = 72000;
n = 0.33
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
52543.1 106678. 0
zz
0
0
27067.7 {
ij 106678.
jj
jj 52543.1
C = jjjj
jj 52543.1
jj
k0
52543.1 52543.1 0
106678. 52543.1 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
10
40
20
90
10
90
r1 = 10
r2 = 20
r3 = 10
z1 = 40
z2 = 90
z3 = 90

b1 = 0
b2 = 50
c 1 = -10
c2 = 0
f1 = 900;
f2 = -500;
b3 = -50
c 3 = 10
f3 = 100
45
zyz
zz
z
{
28
9
z
r
r
z
1
Interpolation functions, : - , - 1, - + + >
5
50 10
10
50
5
z
ij 95 -
50
NT = jjjj
k0
- 1
10
r
z
-
+
+ 51
10
50
z
95 -
50
- 1
10
yz
zz
z
r
z
1 z
-
+
+ 5 {
10
50
0

d T = 8-0.0188239, 0.127113, 0.0566833, 0.216758, 0.0410784, 0.226363<

ij uHx,yL yz
i 0.00156049 r + 0.00119805 z - 0.0823507 yz
j
z = NT d = jj
z
k wHx,yL {
k -0.00096051 r + 0.00198501 z + 0.0573177 {
69
e T0 = I
40000
69
40000
69
40000
0M
40
r = ;
3
220
z =
3
e T = H 0.00156049 0.00198501 0.00197345 0.000237536 0 0 L

s T = H 9.16633 32.1478 31.5217 6.42955 0 0 L
Solution summary
Nodal solution
r
10
20
10
40
-0.0188239
0.127113
20
40
0.122604
10
90
0.0410784
0.226363
20
90
0.0566833
0.216758
29
Ansys model
50
40
50
40
40
80
170
220
Disp
Stresses
Principal stresses
Effective Stress
0
0.0408681
-204.244
-38.3131
-204.244
0.
0
0
-38.3131
-204.244
-204.244
165.931
-0.00627463
0.0832391
-22.2375
47.8914
-149.617
-24.9419
0
0
55.8573
-30.2034
-149.617
178.726
0.0126198
0.155492
-25.7556
-25.7182
-86.6688
18.4818
0
0
-7.25513
-44.2187
-86.6688
68.829
0.0263126
0.190078
9.16633
32.1478
31.5217
6.42955
0
0
33.8243
31.5217
7.48983
25.262
30
von Mises stresses
31
!* Problem 3.2
PREP7
!*
!*
ET,1,PLANE42
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,2,1
KEYOPT,1,3,1
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,72000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.33
UIMP,1,REFT,,,
MPDATA,CTEX,1,,23*10**H-6L
*set,t,10
*set,d,40
*set,h1,40
*set,h2,90
*set,pi,3.14159
*Set,r,d2 - t
k,1,r,0
k,2,d2,0
k,3,r,h1
k,4,d2,h1
k,5,r,h2
k,6,d2,h2
a,1,2,4,3
a,3,4,6,5
LESIZE,2,h210, , , , , , ,1
LESIZE,1,t10, , , , , , ,1
!*
MSHKEY,1
AMESH,ALL
32
DL,1,,UY,0
DL,1,,UX,0
DL,2,,UX,0
!*
SOL
FINISH
STATUS,SOLU
TUNIF,75,
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
3.3
A 70 mm diameter steel tube is fitted on to a 40 mm diameter aluminum tube at a temperature of 95C.
Find stresses in the assembly when it cools to a temperature of 25C. Assume perfect bond between the
tubes. Use the following data.
Steel tube:
E = 200 GPa n = 0.3 a = 12 10-6 Tube wall thickness = 15 mm
Aluminum tube:
33
70 mm
80 mm
Figure 3.17.
We model half of the assembly using axisymmetric triangular elements. A coarse model with only 8
elements is used to be able to show all calculations. The first 4 elements define section of the aluminum
tube and the other four that of the steel tube. Due to symmetry nodes 1, 2 and 3 are restricted to move in
the radial direction only.
34
1
1
5
2
Figure 3.18.
35
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 y i u1
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj w1
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj w2
zz jj
0 0 0 zzz jjj u3
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj w3
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u4
zz jj
0 0 0 zzz jjj w4
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u5
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj w5
zz jj
0 0 0 zzz jjj u6
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj w6
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u7
zz jj
0 0 0 zzz jjj w7
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u8
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj w8
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u9
zj
0 0 0 { k w9

E = 70000;
n = 0.33
103715.
jij
jj 51083.6
j
C = jjjj
jj 51083.6
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
26315.8 {
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
12
20
12
20
r1 = 12
r2 = 20
r3 = 12
z1 = 0
z2 = 0
z3 = 20
44
3
b1 = -20
b2 = 20
b3 = 0
20
z =
3
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
z j z
{ k0{
36
c 1 = -8
c2 = 0
f1 = 400;
c3 = 8
f2 = -240;
f3 = 0
1
jij - 8
jj
jj
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jj 44
jj
jj 1
k -
20
18
20
44
44
18
20
1
-
20
0
- 18
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

23
;
a =
1000000
161
e T0 = I -
100000
DT = -70;
161
-
100000
r Te = H 249923. 122185. -361000. 0. -55538.4 -122185. L
161
-
100000

ij 1.06873 107
jj
jj
jj 3.13835 106
jj
jjj
jj -1.15522 107
jjj
jj -1.21254 106
jjj
jj
jjj -1.15996 106
jj
j
6
k -1.92581 10
ij u1
jj
jj w1
jj
jj
jj u2
jj
jj
jj w2
jj
jj
jjj u4
j
k w4
3.13835 106
-1.15522 107
-1.21254 106
-1.15996 106
4.9429 106
-2.78172 106
-3.03136 106
-1.6405 106
-2.78172 106
1.44819 107
1.46484 106
-3.03136 106
3.03136 106
1.21254 106
-1.6405 106
1.46484 106
1.21254 106
879964.
427957.
-1.91154 10
2.78172 10
yz ij 249923. yz
zz jj
z
zz jj 122185. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -361000. zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0.
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -55538.4 zzz
zz jj
zz
{ k -122185. {

0M
-1.92581 106 yz
zz
z
-1.91154 106 zzzz
zz
z
2.78172 106 zzz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
427957.
zzz
zz
z
6
1.91154 10 {
37
7
jij 1.06873 10
jj
jj 3.13835 106
jjj
jj
jj -1.15522 107
jj
jj
jj -1.21254 106
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1.15996 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -1.92581 106
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
3.13835 106
4.9429 106
6
-1.15522 107
-1.21254 106
0 0
-1.15996 106
-1.92581 106
-2.78172 106
-3.03136 106
0 0
-1.6405 106
-1.91154 106
-2.78172 10
1.44819 10
0 0
1.46484 10
2.78172 106
-3.03136 106
3.03136 106
0 0
1.21254 106
0 0
0 0
-1.6405 10
1.21254 10
0 0
879964.
427957.
1.46484 10
6
-1.91154 10
2.78172 10
0 0
427957.
1.91154 106
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

E = 70000;
n = 0.33
103715.
jij
jj 51083.6
j
C = jjjj
jj 51083.6
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
26315.8 {
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
20
20
20
12
20
r1 = 20
r2 = 20
r3 = 12
z1 = 0
z2 = 20
z3 = 20
52
3
40
z =
3
38
b1 = 0
b2 = 20
c 1 = -8
b3 = -20
c2 = 8
f1 = 160;
c3 = 0
f2 = -400;
f3 = 400
ij 0
jj
jj
j
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jjj 52
jj
j - 1
k 20
18
- 18
1
-
20
20
52
52
20
18
yz
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
z
- 18 z{
0

23
;
a =
1000000
161
e T0 = I -
100000
DT = -70;
161
-
100000
r Te = H -55538.4 144400. -416538. -144400. 305461. 0. L
161
-
100000

ij 907388.
jj
jj
jjj -427957.
jj
jj
jj 830875.
jj
jj
jj -1.00505 106
jj
jj
jj -735707.
jj
jj
6
k 1.43301 10
ij u2
jj
jj w2
jj
jj
jj u5
jj
jj
jj w5
jj
jj
jj u4
jj
k w4
-427957.
-1.00505 106
830875.
6
2.25909 10
-3.20968 10
6
-2.25909 10
2.35376 10
1.71665 10
4.64268 10
-1.37851 107
-2.25909 106
4.64268 106
5.84161 106
-2.35376 106
2.35376 106
-1.37851 107
-2.35376 106
1.23137 107
-1.43301 106
-3.58252 106

yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
6 z
-1.43301 10 zzz
zz
z
-3.58252 106 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
z
6
3.58252 10 {
1.43301 106
-735707.
-3.20968 10
yz ij -55538.4 yz
zz jj
z
zz jj 144400. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -416538. zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj -144400. zzz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj 305461. zzz
zz jj
zz
{ k 0.
{
0M
39
7
jij 1.06873 10
jj
jj 3.13835 106
jjj
jj
jj -1.15522 107
jj
jj
jj -1.21254 106
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1.15996 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -1.92581 106
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
3.13835 106
4.9429 106
6
-1.15522 107
-1.21254 106
0 0
-1.15996 106
-1.92581 106
-2.78172 106
-3.03136 106
0 0
-1.6405 106
-1.91154 106
-2.78172 10
1.53892 10
-427957.
0 0
729132.
4.21473 106
-3.03136 106
-427957.
5.29045 106
0 0
3.56631 106
0 0
0 0
-1.6405 10
729132.
6
3.56631 10
0 0
1.31937 10
427957.
-1.91154 10
4.21473 10
0 0
427957.
5.49406 106
830875.
-3.20968 106
0 0
-1.37851 107
-1.43301 106
-1.00505 106
-2.25909 106
0 0
-2.35376 106
-3.58252 106
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

E = 70000;
n = 0.33
103715.
jij
jj 51083.6
j
C = jjjj
jj 51083.6
jj
k0
0
7
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
26315.8 {
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
12
20
20
20
12
40
r1 = 12
r2 = 20
r3 = 12
z1 = 20
z2 = 20
z3 = 40
44
3
80
z =
3
40
b1 = -20
b2 = 20
c 1 = -8
b3 = 0
c2 = 0
f1 = 560;
c3 = 8
f2 = -240;
f3 = -160
ij - 18
jj
jj
j
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jjj 44
jj
j - 1
k 20
18
1
-
20
44
44
- 18
18
20
yz
zz
z
1 z
zz
20 z
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
z
0 z{
0

23
;
a =
1000000
161
e T0 = I -
100000
DT = -70;
161
-
100000
r Te = H 249923. 122185. -361000. 0. -55538.4 -122185. L
161
-
100000

ij 1.06873 107
jj
jj
6
jjj 3.13835 10
jj
jj
jj -1.15522 107
jj
jj
jj -1.21254 106
jj
jj
jj -1.15996 106
jj
jj
6
k -1.92581 10
ij u4
jj
jj w4
jj
jj
jj u5
jj
jj
jj w5
jj
jj
jj u7
jj
k w7
3.13835 106
-1.15522 107
-1.21254 106
-1.15996 106
4.9429 106
-2.78172 106
-3.03136 106
-1.6405 106
-2.78172 106
1.44819 107
1.46484 106
-3.03136 106
3.03136 106
1.21254 106
-1.6405 106
1.46484 106
1.21254 106
879964.
427957.
-1.91154 10
2.78172 10
yz ij 249923. yz
zz jj
z
zz jj 122185. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -361000. zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zzz jjj 0.
zz
zz jj
z
zzz jjj -55538.4 zzz
zz jj
zz
{ k -122185. {
0M
-1.92581 106 yz
zz
z
-1.91154 106 zzzz
zz
z
2.78172 106 zzz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
427957.
zz
zz
1.91154 106 {
41
7
jij 1.06873 10
jj
jj 3.13835 106
jjj
jj
jj -1.15522 107
jj
jj
jj -1.21254 106
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1.15996 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -1.92581 106
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
3.13835 106
4.9429 106
6
-1.15522 107
-1.21254 106
0 0
-1.15996 106
-1.92581 106
-2.78172 106
-3.03136 106
0 0
-1.6405 106
-1.91154 106
-2.78172 10
1.53892 10
-427957.
0 0
729132.
4.21473 106
-3.03136 106
-427957.
5.29045 106
0 0
3.56631 106
0 0
0 0
-1.6405 10
729132.
3.56631 10
0 0
2.3881 10
3.56631 106
-1.91154 106
4.21473 106
0 0
3.56631 106
1.0437 107
830875.
-3.20968 106
0 0
-2.53373 107
-4.21473 106
-1.00505 106
-2.25909 106
0 0
-3.56631 106
-6.61388 106
0 0
0 0
0 0
-1.15996 10
-1.6405 106
0 0
-1.92581 106
-1.91154 106
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

E = 70000;
n = 0.33
103715.
jij
jj 51083.6
j
C = jjjj
jj 51083.6
jjj
k0
0
7
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
26315.8 {
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
20
20
20
40
12
40
r1 = 20
r2 = 20
r3 = 12
z1 = 20
z2 = 40
z3 = 40
52
3
100
z =
3
42
b1 = 0
b2 = 20
c 1 = -8
b3 = -20
c2 = 8
f1 = 320;
c3 = 0
f2 = -560;
f3 = 400
ij 0
jj
jj
j
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jjj 52
jj
j - 1
k 20
18
- 18
1
-
20
20
52
52
20
18
yz
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
z
- 18 z{
0

23
;
a =
1000000
161
e T0 = I -
100000
DT = -70;
161
-
100000
r Te = H -55538.4 144400. -416538. -144400. 305461. 0. L
161
-
100000

ij 907388.
jj
jj
jjj -427957.
jj
jj
jj 830875.
jj
jj
jj -1.00505 106
jj
jj
jj -735707.
jj
jj
6
k 1.43301 10
ij u5
jj
jj w5
jj
jj
jj u8
jj
jj
jj w8
jj
jj
jj u7
jj
k w7
-427957.
-1.00505 106
830875.
6
2.25909 10
-3.20968 10
6
-2.25909 10
2.35376 10
1.71665 10
4.64268 10
-1.37851 107
-2.25909 106
4.64268 106
5.84161 106
-2.35376 106
2.35376 106
-1.37851 107
-2.35376 106
1.23137 107
-1.43301 106
-3.58252 106
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
6 z
-1.43301 10 zzz
zz
z
-3.58252 106 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
z
6
3.58252 10 {
1.43301 106
-735707.
-3.20968 10
yz ij -55538.4 yz
zz jj
z
zz jj 144400. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -416538. zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj 305461. zzz
zz jj
zz
{ k 0.
{
0M
43
7
jij 1.06873 10
jj
jj 3.13835 106
jjj
jj
jj -1.15522 107
jj
jj
jj -1.21254 106
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1.15996 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -1.92581 106
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
3.13835 106
4.9429 106
6
-1.15522 107
-1.21254 106
0 0
-1.15996 106
-1.92581 106
-2.78172 106
-3.03136 106
0 0
-1.6405 106
-1.91154 106
-2.78172 10
1.53892 10
-427957.
0 0
729132.
4.21473 106
-3.03136 106
-427957.
5.29045 106
0 0
3.56631 106
0 0
0 0
-1.6405 10
729132.
3.56631 10
0 0
2.3881 10
3.56631 106
-1.91154 106
4.21473 106
0 0
3.56631 106
1.0437 107
830875.
-3.20968 106
0 0
-2.53373 107
-4.21473 106
-1.00505 106
-2.25909 106
0 0
-3.56631 106
-6.61388 106
0 0
0 0
0 0
-1.15996 10
-1.6405 106
0 0
-1.92581 106
-1.91154 106
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
n = 0.3
269231.
jij
jj 115385.
j
C = jjjj
jj 115385.
jjj
k0

E = 200000;
0
7
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zz
zz
0
0
76923.1 {
115385. 115385. 0
269231. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
20
35
20
20
r1 = 20
r2 = 35
r3 = 20
z1 = 0
z2 = 0
z3 = 20

20
z =
3
44
b1 = -20
b2 = 20
b3 = 0
c 1 = -15
c2 = 0
f1 = 700;
f2 = -400;
c 3 = 15
f3 = 0

1
ij -
jj 15
jj
j
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jjj 75
jj
j - 1
k 20
15
1
-
20
75
75
1
-
15
15
20
yz
zz
z
1 z
zz
20 z
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
z
0 z{
0

3
;
a =
250000
DT = -70;
21
e T0 = I -
25000
21
-
25000
r Te = H 527788. 494801. -791681. 0. -131947. -494801. L
21
-
25000

ij 2.90195 107
jj
jj
7
jjj 1.32914 10
jj
jj
jj -2.7066 107
jj
jj
jj -6.04152 106
jj
jj
jj -5.82 106
jj
jj
6
k -7.24983 10
ij u2
jj
jj w2
jj
jj
jj u3
jj
jj
jj w3
jj
jj
jj u5
jj
k w5
1.32914 107
-2.7066 107
-6.04152 106
-5.82 106
2.39144 107
-1.08747 107
-8.05537 106
-7.85398 106
-1.08747 107
3.41548 107
3.54436 106
-8.05537 106
8.05537 106
6.04152 106
-7.85398 106
3.54436 106
6.04152 106
5.65889 106
-1.5859 107
1.08747 107
1.81246 106
yz ij 527788. yz
zz jj
z
zz jj 494801. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -791681. zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zzz jjj 0.
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz
{ k -494801. {

0M
-7.24983 106 yz
zz
z
-1.5859 107 zzzz
zz
z
1.08747 107 zzz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
6
1.81246 10 zzz
zz
z
1.5859 107
{
45
7
jij 1.06873 10
jj
jj 3.13835 106
jjj
jj
jj -1.15522 107
jj
jj
jj -1.21254 106
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1.15996 106
jj
jj
jj -1.92581 106
jjj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
3.13835 106
6
-1.15522 107
-1.21254 106
4.9429 10
-2.78172 10
-3.03136 10
-1.640
-2.78172 106
4.44087 107
1.28634 107
-2.7066 107
-6.04152 106
72913
-3.03136 106
1.28634 107
2.92048 107
-1.08747 107
-8.05537 106
3.5663
-2.7066 10
-1.08747 10
6
-6.04152 10
0
6
-1.6405 10
-1.91154 10
3.56631 10
6
4.21473 10
0
6
-4.98913 10
-8.05537 10
6
729132.
6
-1.10637 10
3.41548 10
8.05537 10
2.3881
3.5663
6.04152 10
-2.533
3.54436 10
-8.25488 10
-1.81181 10
1.08747 10
-3.566
-1.159
-1.925
n = 0.3
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zz
z
0
0
76923.1 {
269231.
jij
jj 115385.
j
C = jjjj
jj 115385.
jj
k0
0
7

E = 200000;
-1.159
115385. 115385. 0
269231. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
35
35
20
20
20
r1 = 35
r2 = 35
r3 = 20
z1 = 0
z2 = 20
z3 = 20
40
z =
3
46

b1 = 0
b2 = 20
b3 = -20
c 1 = -15
c 2 = 15
c3 = 0
f1 = 300;
f2 = -700;
f3 = 700

ij 0
jj
jj
j
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jj 90
jj
jj 1
k -
20
15
1
-
15
1
-
20
20
90
90
20
15
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
z
1 z
-
15 {
0

3
;
a =
250000
21
e T0 = I -
25000
DT = -70;
21
-
25000
r Te = H -131947. 593761. -923628. -593761. 659734. 0. L
0M
21
-
25000

ij 6.37716 106
jj
jj
6
jjj -1.81246 10
jj
jjj -2.08097 106
jj
jj
jj -5.43737 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -1.47682 106
jj
j
6
k 7.24983 10
u
jij 3
jj w
jj 3
jj
jj u
jj 6
jj
jj w
jj 6
jj
jj u5
jj
j
k w5
-1.81246 106
7
1.90308 10
-2.08097 106
-5.43737 106
-1.26872 10
7
-1.90308 10
7
-1.47682 106
6
9.06229 10
-1.26872 10
4.50429 10
1.9937 10
-3.28927 107
-1.90308 107
1.9937 107
2.86972 107
-9.06229 106
9.06229 106
-3.28927 107
-9.06229 106
2.99391 107
-7.24983 106
-9.66644 106
-131947. y
zyz jij
z
zz jj 593761. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -923628. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
zz jj -593761. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj 659734. zzz
zz jj
zz
z j
z
{ k 0.
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
6 z
-7.24983 10 zzz
zz
z
-9.66644 106 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
z
6
9.66644 10 {
7.24983 106
47
7
jij 1.06873 10
jj
jj 3.13835 106
jjj
jj
jj -1.15522 107
jj
jj
jj -1.21254 106
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1.15996 106
jj
jj
jj -1.92581 106
jjj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
3.13835 106
6
-1.15522 107
-1.21254 106
4.9429 10
-2.78172 10
-3.03136 10
-1.640
-2.78172 106
4.44087 107
1.28634 107
-2.7066 107
-6.04152 106
72913
-3.03136 106
1.28634 107
2.92048 107
-1.08747 107
-8.05537 106
3.5663
-2.7066 10
-1.08747 10
6
-6.04152 10
0
6
-1.6405 10
-1.91154 10
3.56631 10
6
4.21473 10
0
6
-4.98913 10
-8.25488 10
0
0
-8.05537 10
6
729132.
6
-1.10637 10
-1.81181 10
4.05319 10
-1.81246 10
6
2.70862 10
2.3881
0
6
3.5663
7
2.06754 10
1.51038 10
1.81246 10
-2.533
-3.566
-2.08097 10
-1.81246 10
6
6
-1.26872 10
-5.43737 10
-1.90308 10
-1.159
-1.925
n = 0.3
yz
zz
zz
269231. 115385. 0
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zz
0
0
76923.1 {
269231.
jij
jj 115385.
j
C = jjjj
jj 115385.
jj
k0
0
7

E = 200000;
-1.159
115385. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
20
20
35
20
20
40
r1 = 20
r2 = 35
r3 = 20
z1 = 20
z2 = 20
z3 = 40
80
z =
3
48

b1 = -20
b2 = 20
c 1 = -15
c2 = 0
f1 = 1000;
b3 = 0
c 3 = 15
f2 = -400;
f3 = -300

1
ij -
jj 15
jj
j
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jj 75
jj
jj 1
k -
20
15
1
-
20
75
75
1
-
15
15
20
yz
zz
z
1 z
zzz
20 z
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
0 {
0

3
;
a =
250000
DT = -70;
21
e T0 = I -
25000
21
-
25000
r Te = H 527788. 494801. -791681. 0. -131947. -494801. L
21
-
25000

ij 2.90195 107
jj
jj
7
jjj 1.32914 10
jj
jjj -2.7066 107
jj
jj
jj -6.04152 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -5.82 106
jj
j
6
k -7.24983 10
u
jij 5
jj w
jj 5
jj
jj u
jj 6
jj
jj w
jj 6
jj
jj u8
jj
j
k w8
1.32914 107
-2.7066 107
-6.04152 106
-5.82 106
2.39144 107
-1.08747 107
-8.05537 106
-7.85398 106
-1.08747 107
3.41548 107
3.54436 106
-8.05537 106
8.05537 106
6.04152 106
-7.85398 106
3.54436 106
6.04152 106
5.65889 106
-1.5859 107
1.08747 107
1.81246 106
527788. y
zyz jij
z
zz jj 494801. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -791681. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj 0.
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -131947. zzz
zz jj
zz
z j
z
{ k -494801. {
0M
-7.24983 106 yz
zz
z
-1.5859 107 zzzz
zz
z
1.08747 107 zzz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
1.81246 106 zzz
zz
z
1.5859 107
{
49
7
jij 1.06873 10
jj
jj 3.13835 106
jjj
jj
jj -1.15522 107
jj
jj
jj -1.21254 106
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1.15996 106
jj
jj
jj -1.92581 106
jjj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
3.13835 106
6
-1.15522 107
-1.21254 106
4.9429 10
-2.78172 10
-3.03136 10
-1.640
-2.78172 106
4.44087 107
1.28634 107
-2.7066 107
-6.04152 106
72913
-3.03136 106
1.28634 107
2.92048 107
-1.08747 107
-8.05537 106
3.5663
-2.7066 10
-1.08747 10
6
-6.04152 10
0
6
-1.6405 10
-1.91154 10
3.56631 10
6
4.21473 10
0
6
-4.98913 10
-8.25488 10
0
0
-8.05537 10
6
729132.
6
-1.10637 10
-1.81181 10
4.05319 10
-1.81246 10
6
2.70862 10
2.3881
0
6
3.5663
7
2.06754 10
1.51038 10
1.81246 10
-2.533
-3.566
-2.08097 10
-1.81246 10
6
6
-1.26872 10
-5.43737 10
-1.90308 10
-1.159
-1.925
n = 0.3
yz
zz
zz
269231. 115385. 0
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zz
0
0
76923.1 {
269231.
jij
jj 115385.
j
C = jjjj
jj 115385.
jj
k0
0
7

E = 200000;
-1.159
115385. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
35
20
35
40
20
40
r1 = 35
r2 = 35
r3 = 20
z1 = 20
z2 = 40
z3 = 40
100
z =
3
50

b1 = 0
b2 = 20
b3 = -20
c 1 = -15
c 2 = 15
c3 = 0
f1 = 600;
f2 = -1000;
f3 = 700

ij 0
jj
jj
j
T jjjj 0
B = jj
jj 1
jj 90
jj
jj 1
k -
20
15
1
-
15
1
-
20
20
90
90
20
15
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
z
1 z
-
15 {
0

3
;
a =
250000
21
e T0 = I -
25000
DT = -70;
21
-
25000
r Te = H -131947. 593761. -923628. -593761. 659734. 0. L
0M
21
-
25000

ij 6.37716 106
jj
jj
6
jjj -1.81246 10
jj
jjj -2.08097 106
jj
jj
jj -5.43737 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -1.47682 106
jj
j
6
k 7.24983 10
u
jij 6
jj w
jj 6
jj
jj u
jj 9
jj
jj w
jj 9
jj
jj u8
jj
j
k w8
-1.81246 106
7
1.90308 10
-2.08097 106
-5.43737 106
-1.26872 10
7
-1.90308 10
7
-1.47682 106
6
9.06229 10
-1.26872 10
4.50429 10
1.9937 10
-3.28927 107
-1.90308 107
1.9937 107
2.86972 107
-9.06229 106
9.06229 106
-3.28927 107
-9.06229 106
2.99391 107
-7.24983 106
-9.66644 106
-131947. y
zyz jij
z
zz jj 593761. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -923628. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
zz jj -593761. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj 659734. zzz
zz jj
zz
z j
z
{ k 0.
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
6 z
-7.24983 10 zzz
zz
z
-9.66644 106 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
z
6
9.66644 10 {
7.24983 106
51
7
jij 1.06873 10
jj
jj 3.13835 106
jjj
jj
jj -1.15522 107
jj
jj
jj -1.21254 106
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1.15996 106
jj
jj
jj -1.92581 106
jjj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
3.13835 106
6
-1.15522 107
-1.21254 106
-1.159
4.9429 10
-2.78172 10
-3.03136 10
-1.640
-2.78172 106
4.44087 107
1.28634 107
-2.7066 107
-6.04152 106
72913
-3.03136 106
1.28634 107
2.92048 107
-1.08747 107
-8.05537 106
3.5663
-2.7066 10
-1.08747 10
6
-6.04152 10
0
6
-1.6405 10
-1.91154 10
3.56631 10
6
4.21473 10
0
6
-4.98913 10
-8.25488 10
0
0
-8.05537 10
6
729132.
6
4.05319 10
-1.81246 10
6
-1.10637 10
-1.81181 10
-1.81246 10
2.70862 10
2.3881
0
7
0
6
3.5663
7
2.06754 10
1.51038 10
1.81246 10
-2.533
-3.566
0
6
-2.08097 10
-1.26872 10
-5.43737 10
-1.90308 10
-1.159
-1.925

Node
dof
Value
w1
w2
w3
Remove 82, 4, 6< rows and columns.

52
7
jij 1.06873 10
jj
jj -1.15522 107
jjj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1.15996 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -1.92581 106
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-1.15522 107
-1.15996 106
0
7
-1.92581 106
-2.7066 10
729132.
4.21473 10
-4.98913 10
-8.254
-2.7066 107
4.05319 107
2.06754 106
1.8124
4.21473 10
-4.98913 10
-8.25488 10
2.06754 10
-2.53373 10
1.81246 10
-3.56631 10
-2.08097 10
-5.43737 10
0
0
1.0437 10
7
0
-1.15996 10
-1.92581 10
0
-4.21473 10
-6.61388 10
-1.6405 10
-1.91154 10
0
-6.613
9.71732 10
1.9318
1.93185 10
6.0571
7
-1.812
-1.51038 10
-1.772
729132.
3.5663
-5.99588 10
0
6
-3.566
-4.21473 10
6
-2.53373 10
3.56631 10
6
3.56631 10
6
0
6
2.3881 10
0
6
4.21473 10
0
6
-1.106
-4.98913 10
-8.25488 10
-1.811
8u1 = -0.0050849, u2 = -0.0221486, u3 = -0.0316438, u4 = -0.00612671, w4 = -0.021443,

u5 = -0.0221733, w5 = -0.0198482, u6 = -0.03257, w6 = -0.0178926, u7 = -0.0100963,
w7 = -0.0459928, u8 = -0.0258636, w8 = -0.0386396, u9 = -0.0370235, w9 = -0.0341886<

u
-0.0050849
-0.0221486
-0.0316438
-0.00612671
-0.021443
-0.0221733
-0.0198482
-0.03257
-0.0178926
-0.0100963
-0.0459928
-0.0258636
-0.0386396
-0.0370235
-0.0341886

E = 70000;
4.44087 10
729132.
n = 0.33
53
103715.
jij
jj 51083.6
j
C = jjjj
jj 51083.6
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
26315.8 {
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
12
20
12
20
r1 = 12
r2 = 20
r3 = 12
z1 = 0
z2 = 0
z3 = 20

b1 = -20
b2 = 20
c 1 = -8
b3 = 0
c2 = 0
f1 = 400;
c3 = 8
f2 = -240;
f3 = 0
r
z
5 r
3 z
8
20
2 8
2 20
z
ij - 8r -
+ 52
20
j
j
N = jj
k0
T
8r - 32
20
z
- 8r -
+ 52
20
8r - 32
yz
zz
z
z z
20 {

d T = 8-0.0050849, 0, -0.0221486, 0, -0.00612671, -0.021443<
i -0.00213297 r - 0.0000520909 z + 0.0205107 yz
ij uHx,yL yz
z
j
z = NT d = jj
wHx,yL
k -0.00107215 z
{
k
{
161
e T0 = I -
100000
161
-
100000
161
-
100000
0M
44
r = ;
3
20
z =
3
e T = H -0.00213297 -0.00107215 -0.000758187 -0.0000520909 0 0 L

s T = H 16.7495 72.5817 89.1062 -1.37081 0 0 L
54

E = 70000;
n = 0.33
ij 103715.
jj
jj 51083.6
C = jjjj
jjj 51083.6
j
k0
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
yz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
26315.8 {
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
20
20
20
12
20
r1 = 20
r2 = 20
r3 = 12
z1 = 0
z2 = 20
z3 = 20

b1 = 0
b2 = 20
c 1 = -8
b3 = -20
c2 = 8
f1 = 160;
c3 = 0
f2 = -400;
f3 = 400
z r
z
5 5
r
20 8
20
2 2
8
z
ij 1 -
20
j
j
N = jj
k0
T
z
8r +
- 52
20
52 - 8r
z
1 -
20
z
8r +
- 52
20
yz
zz
zz
52 - 8r {

d T = 8-0.0221486, 0, -0.0221733, -0.0198482, -0.00612671, -0.021443<
-6
uHx,yL y
jij
zz = NT d = ijjj -0.00200582 r - 1.23413 10 z + 0.0179678 yzzz
k wHx,yL {
k 0.000199361r - 0.000992408 z - 0.00398722 {
161
e T0 = I -
100000
161
-
100000
161
-
100000
0M
52
r = ;
3
40
z =
3
55
e T = H -0.00200582 -0.000992408 -0.000970166 0.000198127 0 0 L

s T = H 23.181 76.5186 77.6893 5.21386 0 0 L

E = 70000;
n = 0.33
ij 103715.
jj
jj 51083.6
C = jjjj
jj 51083.6
jjj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
26315.8 {
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
12
20
20
20
12
40
r1 = 12
r2 = 20
r3 = 12
z1 = 20
z2 = 20
z3 = 40

b1 = -20
c 1 = -8
b2 = 20
b3 = 0
c2 = 0
f1 = 560;
c3 = 8
f2 = -240;
f3 = -160
r
z
7 r
3 z
Interpolation functions, :- - + , - , - 1>
8
20
2 8
2 20
z
ij - 8r -
+ 72
20
NT = jjj
j0
k
0
- 8r
20
72
8r - 32
8r
32
- 1
20
20
yz
zz
zz
-1 {

d T = 8-0.00612671, -0.021443, -0.0221733, -0.0198482, -0.0100963, -0.0459928<
i -0.00200582 r - 0.00019848 z + 0.0219128 yz
ij uHx,yL yz
z
z = NT d = jj
j
k 0.000199361r - 0.00122749 z + 0.000714364 {
k wHx,yL {
56
161
e T0 = I -
100000
161
-
100000
161
-
100000
0M
44
r = ;
3
80
z =
3
e T = H -0.00200582 -0.00122749 -0.000872644 8.81193 10-7

s T = H 16.1541 57.1192 75.7951 0.0231893 0 0 L
0L

E = 70000;
n = 0.33
103715.
jij
jj 51083.6
j
C = jjjj
jj 51083.6
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
26315.8 {
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
51083.6
51083.6
103715.
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
20
20
20
40
12
40
r1 = 20
r2 = 20
r3 = 12
z1 = 20
z2 = 40
z3 = 40

b1 = 0
b2 = 20
c 1 = -8
b3 = -20
c2 = 8
f1 = 320;
c3 = 0
f2 = -560;
f3 = 400
z r
z
7 5
r
20 8
20
2 2
8
z
ij 2 -
20
j
j
N = jj
k0
T
z
8r +
- 72
20
52 - 8r
2 -
20
z
8r +
- 72
20
yz
zz
zz
52 - 8r {

d T = 8-0.0221733, -0.0198482, -0.0258636, -0.0386396, -0.0100963, -0.0459928<
57

ij uHx,yL yz
i -0.00197091 r - 0.000184513 z + 0.0209351 yz
z = NT d = jj
z
j
k wHx,yL {
k 0.000919153 r - 0.00093957 z - 0.0194398 {
161
e T0 = I -
100000
161
-
100000
0M
161
-
100000
52
r = ;
3
100
z =
3
e T = H -0.00197091 -0.00093957 -0.00111795 0.00073464 0 0 L

s T = H 21.9525 76.2333 66.8451 19.3326 0 0 L

E = 200000;
n = 0.3
ij 269231.
jj
jj 115385.
C = jjjj
jj 115385.
jjj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zzz
0
0
76923.1 {
115385. 115385. 0
269231. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
20
35
20
20
r1 = 20
r2 = 35
r3 = 20
z1 = 0
z2 = 0
z3 = 20

b1 = -20
b2 = 20
c 1 = -15
c2 = 0
f1 = 700;
f2 = -400;
b3 = 0
c 3 = 15
f3 = 0

r
z
7 r
4 z
15
20
3 15
3 20
r
z
-
+ 73
ji -
15
20
NT = jjj
j0
k
0
r
-
15
20
73
- 43
15
15
43
20
20
zyz
zz
z
{
58

d T = 8-0.0221486, 0, -0.0316438, 0, -0.0221733, -0.0198482<
i -0.000633015 r - 1.23413 10-6 z - 0.00948831 yz

ij uHx,yL yz
zz
z = NT d = jjj
j
k wHx,yL {
k -0.000992408 z
{
21
e T0 = I -
25000
21
-
25000
21
-
25000
0M
r = 25;
20
z =
3
e T = H -0.000633015 -0.000992408 -0.00101288 -1.23413 10-6 0 0 L

s T = H 18.1938 -37.0973 -40.2464 -0.0949333 0 0 L

E = 200000;
n = 0.3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zz
0
0
76923.1 {
ij 269231.
jj
jj 115385.
C = jjjj
jj 115385.
jj
k0
115385. 115385. 0
269231. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
35
35
20
20
20
r1 = 35
r2 = 35
r3 = 20
z1 = 0
z2 = 20
z3 = 20

b1 = 0
b2 = 20
c 1 = -15
c 2 = 15
f1 = 300;
f2 = -700;
b3 = -20
c3 = 0
f3 = 700

z
r
z
7 7
r
20 15
20
3 3
15
59
ji 1 -
20
NT = jjj
j0
k
0
1-
20
r
z
+
- 73
15
20
15
20
73
r
73 -
15
73
15
zyz
zz
z
{

d T = 8-0.0316438, 0, -0.03257, -0.0178926, -0.0221733, -0.0198482<

-0.000693115 r - 0.0000463092 z - 0.00738481 y
uHx,yL y
zz
jij
zz = NT d = jij
k 0.00013037 r - 0.00089463 z - 0.00456294
{
k wHx,yL {
21
e T0 = I -
25000
21
-
25000
21
-
25000
0M
r = 30;
40
z =
3
e T = H -0.000693115 -0.00089463 -0.000959858 0.0000840607 0 0 L

s T = H 19.4126 -11.5897 -21.6246 6.46621 0 0 L

E = 200000;
n = 0.3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zz
0
0
76923.1 {
ij 269231.
jj
jj 115385.
C = jjjj
jj 115385.
jj
k0
115385. 115385. 0
269231. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
20
20
35
20
20
40
r1 = 20
r2 = 35
r3 = 20
z1 = 20
z2 = 20
z3 = 40

b1 = -20
b2 = 20
c 1 = -15
c2 = 0
f1 = 1000;
f2 = -400;
b3 = 0
c 3 = 15
f3 = -300
60
r
z
10 r
4 z
Interpolation functions, :- - + , - , - 1>
15
20
3 15
3 20
r
z
10
ij -
-
+
15
20
3
NT = jjjj
k0
- 43
15
- 1
20
r
z
10
-
+
-
15
20
3
- 43
15
yz
zz
zz
z
- 1 {
20

d T = 8-0.0221733, -0.0198482, -0.03257, -0.0178926, -0.0258636, -0.0386396<

ij uHx,yL yz
i -0.000693115 r - 0.000184513 z - 0.00462074 yz
j
z = NT d = jj
z
k wHx,yL {
k 0.00013037 r - 0.00093957 z - 0.00366415
{
21
e T0 = I -
25000
21
-
25000
21
-
25000
0M
r = 25;
80
z =
3
e T = H -0.000693115 -0.00093957 -0.00107476 -0.0000541428 0 0 L

s T = H 0.969494 -36.9466 -57.7448 -4.16483 0 0 L

E = 200000;
n = 0.3
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
115385. 269231. 0
zz
z
0
0
76923.1 {
269231.
jij
jj 115385.
j
C = jjjj
jj 115385.
jj
k0
115385. 115385. 0
269231. 115385. 0
Nodal coordinates
Element node
Global node number
35
20
35
40
20
40
r1 = 35
r2 = 35
r3 = 20
z1 = 20
z2 = 40
z3 = 40

b1 = 0
c 1 = -15
b2 = 20
c 2 = 15
b3 = -20
c3 = 0
61
f1 = 600;
f2 = -1000;
f3 = 700

z
r
z
10 7
r
20 15
20
3 3
15
z
ji 2 -
20
NT = jjj
j0
k
0
2-
20
r
z
10
+
-
15
20
3
15
20
10
r
73 -
15
73
15
zyz
zz
z
{

d T = 8-0.03257, -0.0178926, -0.0370235, -0.0341886, -0.0258636, -0.0386396<

-0.000743997 r - 0.000222674 z - 0.00207664 y
uHx,yL y
zz
jij
zz = NT d = jij
k 0.000296731r - 0.000814799 z - 0.0119822 {
k wHx,yL {
21
e T0 = I -
25000
21
-
25000
21
-
25000
0M
r = 30;
100
z =
3
e T = H -0.000743997 -0.000814799 -0.00106063 0.0000740574 0 0 L

s T = H 3.29688 -7.59563 -45.4165 5.69672 0 0 L
Solution summary
Nodal solution
1
12
-0.0050849
20
-0.0221486
35
-0.0316438
12
20
-0.00612671
-0.021443
20
20
-0.0221733
-0.0198482
35
20
-0.03257
-0.0178926
12
40
-0.0100963
-0.0459928
20
40
-0.0258636
-0.0386396
35
40
-0.0370235
-0.0341886
62
44
52
44
52
25
30
25
30
20
40
80
100
20
40
80
100
Disp
Stresses
Principal stresses
Effective Stress
-0.0111201
-0.00714768
16.7495
72.5817
89.1062
-1.37081
0
0
89.1062
72.6154
16.7158
65.7156
-0.0168162
-0.0137637
23.181
76.5186
77.6893
5.21386
0
0
77.6893
77.0235
22.6761
54.6833
-0.0127988
-0.0290947
16.1541
57.1192
75.7951
0.0231893
0
0
75.7951
57.1192
16.1541
52.8393
-0.0193777
-0.0348268
21.9525
76.2333
66.8451
19.3326
0
0
82.4149
66.8451
15.771
60.3838
-0.0253219
-0.00661605
18.1938
-37.0973
-40.2464
-0.0949333
0
0
18.194
-37.0975
-40.2464
56.9313
-0.0287957
-0.0125803
19.4126
-11.5897
-21.6246
6.46621
0
0
20.7072
-12.8843
-21.6246
38.709
-0.026869
-0.0254601
0.969494
-36.9466
-57.7448
-4.16483
0
0
1.42158
-37.3987
-57.7448
52.0655
-0.031819
-0.0302402
3.29688
-7.59563
-45.4165
5.69672
0
0
5.73189
-10.0306
-45.4165
45.3695
63
Ansys Model
Von Mises Stresses
64
!* Problem 3.3
PREP7
!*
!*
ET,1,PLANE42
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,2,1
KEYOPT,1,3,1
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,200000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.3
65
UIMP,1,REFT,,,
MPDATA,EX,2,,70000
MPDATA,PRXY,2,,.33
k, 1, 12, 0
k, 2, 20, 0
k, 3, 35, 0
k, 4, 12, 20
k, 5, 20, 20
k, 6, 35, 20
k, 7, 12, 40
k, 8, 20, 40
k, 9, 35, 40
a, 1, 2, 5, 4
a, 4, 5, 8, 7
a, 2, 3, 6, 5
a, 5, 6, 9, 8
FLST,5,2,5,ORDE,2
FITEM,5,1
FITEM,5,-2
CM,_Y,AREA
ASEL, , , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,AREA
CMSEL,S,_Y
!*
CMSEL,S,_Y1
AATT,
2, , 1,
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
!*
DL,1,,UY,0
DL,8,,UY,0
!*
LESIZE,1,2, , , , , , ,1
LESIZE,2,2, , , , , , ,1
MSHKEY,1
0,
66
AMESH,ALL
SOL
FINISH
STATUS,SOLU
TUNIF,-70,
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
3.4
Analyze Problem 3.1 using one quadrilateral element.
E = 200 GPa; n = 0.3; t = 15 mm; d = 100 mm; p = 1 MPa
67
z 34
1
12
We analyze a 50 mm segment with zero displacements in the z direction. Use N - mm units. The stresses
will be in MPa and the displacements in mm.
a = 50; d = 100; t = 15; ri = d 2 - t; ro = d 2; p = 1;
coord = 88ri, 0<, 8ro, 0<, 8ri, a<, 8ro, a<<;
conn = 881, 2, 4, 3<<;
ne = Length@connD; nd = Length@coordD; dof = 2 * nd;
lm = Table@Flatten@Map@82 * # - 1, 2 * #< &, conn@@iDDDD, 8i, 1, ne<D;
e = 200000; nu = .3;
Do@8k, r< = AxiQuad4Element@e, nu, 80, 0<, 80, 0<, coord@@conn@@iDDDDD;
R@@lm@@1DDDD += AxiQuad4LoadTerm@4, -p, 0, coord@@conn@@1DDDDD
85497.79, 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 5497.79, 0.<
68
debc = 82, 4, 6, 8<;

81, 3, 5, 7<
Kf = K@@df, dfDD
ij 7.33196 107
jj
jj
jj -7.71795 107
jj
jj
jj 3.38505 107
jj
jj
7
k -4.01303 10
-7.71795 107
3.38505 107
9.72568 107
-4.01303 107
-4.01303 107
7.33196 107
4.52753 107
-7.71795 107
-4.01303 107 yz
zz
z
4.52753 107 zzzz
zz
z
-7.71795 107 zzz
zz
z
9.72568 107 {

85497.79, 0., 5497.79, 0.<
dfVals = LinearSolve@Kf, RfD
80.000517713, 0.000426099, 0.000517713, 0.000426099<
d@@dfDD = dfVals;
TableForm@Partition@d, 2D, TableHeadings 8Automatic, 8"u", "z"<<D
u
0.000517713
0.000426099
0.000517713
0.000426099
Finally using the AxiQuad4Results function the strain and stress components, principal stresses, and
Table@AxiQuad4Results@e, nu, 80, 0<, coord@@conn@@iDDDD, d@@lm@@iDDDDD, 8i, 1, ne<D
69
H 835, 0< 9-6.10759 10-6 , 0., 0.0000147918, -6.77626 10-21 = 90.0623946, 1.00202, 3.27768, -5.21251 10-16 =
Exact solutions for tangential and radial stresses in an open-ended thick cylinder are given by the following formulas.
i i
0
sr =
J1 -
N;
r2
r 2 -r 2
p r2
0
r2
i i
0
st =
J1 +
N
r2
r 2 -r 2
p r2
0
r2
sr = -1. MPa;
st = 2.92157 MPa
3.5
An aluminum tube is fitted inside a large block at room temperature of 25C. Find stresses in the tube if
the assembly is employed in an environment where the temperature is 100C. Assume that the block is
rigid and that the bond between the end of the tube and the block is perfect. Along the sides of the tube
the sliding is possible with essentially no friction. Use the following data.
Outer tube diameter = 40 mm Tube wall thickness = 10 mm
E = 72 GPa n = 0.33 a = 23 10-6
40 mm
Two quadrilateral element model.
50 mm
70
z5 6
2
3 4
1
1 2
a = 40; b = 90; ri = 10; ro = 20;

coord = 88ri, 0<, 8ro, 0<, 8ri, a<, 8ro, a<, 8ri, b<, 8ro, b<<;
conn = 881, 2, 4, 3<, 83, 4, 6, 5<<;
e = 72000; nu = .33; alpha = 23 * 10^H-6L; deltaT = 75;
Do@8k, r< = AxiQuad4Element@e, nu, 8alpha, deltaT<, 80, 0<, coord@@conn@@iDDDDD;
debc = 81, 2, 3, 4, 7<;

71
85, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12<

Kf = K@@df, dfDD
7
jij 2.59912 10
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj
jj 1.16415 10-10
jj
jj
jj 6.98946 106
jj
jj
jj 16673.6
jj
jj
jj -7.81904 106
jj
jj
6
k -1.66736 10
-2.32831 10-10
6
-1.16415 10-10
6
8.90998 10
-6.89914 10
6
-6.89914 10
9.41269 10
1.56732 10
-16673.6
1.56732 10
1.44041 10
-1.11713 10
-1.667
-2.461
1.3439
-2.08421 10
-1.21718 10
-1.11713 10
-7.81904 106
6
-2.46103 10
-2.46103 10
6
1.66736 10
1.66736 10
6
16673.6
-16673.6
6.98946 106
4.81035 10
-1.5383 10
-53355
666946.
-3.916
7
-2.08421 10
-1.21718 10
-1.5383 10
666946.
2.46061 10
2.63444
-2.46103 106
1.3439 106
-533557.
-3.91664 106
2.63444 106
5.03377
9-1.03284 106 , 0., 0., -573803., 153014., 1.14761 106 , 191268.=
8-0.0203183, 0.125564, 0.122077, 0.0332793, 0.234792, 0.0475977, 0.221367<
d@@dfDD = dfVals;
u
-0.0203183
0.125564
0.122077
0.0332793
0.234792
0.0475977
0.221367
72
Table@AxiQuad4Results@e, nu, 8alpha, deltaT<, coord@@conn@@iDDDD, d@@lm@@iDDDDD, 8i, 1, ne<D
ij 810, 0<
j
k 810, 40<
80., 0.00313911, 0., -0.000507958<
8-200.355, -30.4187, -200.355, -13.7493< 8-2
80.00203183, 0.00218456, -0.00203183, 0.000723177< 8-140.517, -132.249, -360.505, 19.5747<
8-1
3.6
A 70 mm diameter steel tube is fitted on to a 40 mm diameter aluminum tube at a temperature of 95C.
Find stresses in the assembly when it cools to a temperature of 25C. Assume perfect bond between the
tubes. Use the following data.
Steel tube:
Aluminum tube:
70 mm
80 mm
73
We model half of the assembly using axisymmetric quadrilateral elements. The first two elements define
section of the aluminum tube and the other two that of the steel tube. Due to symmetry nodes 1, 2 and 3
are restricted to move in the radial direction only.
74
a = 20; b = 40; ri = 12; ro = 20; rr = 35;

coord = 88ri, 0<, 8ro, 0<, 8rr, 0<, 8ri, a<, 8ro, a<, 8rr, a<, 8ri, b<, 8ro, b<, 8rr, b<<;
conn = 881, 2, 5, 4<, 84, 5, 8, 7<, 82, 3, 6, 5<, 85, 6, 9, 8<<;
e1 = 200000; nu1 = .3; alpha1 = 12 * 10^H-6L; deltaT = -70;
e2 = 70000; nu2 = .33; alpha2 = 23 * 10^H-6L;
Do@8k, r< = AxiQuad4Element@e2, nu2, 8alpha2, deltaT<, 80, 0<, coord@@conn@@iDDDDD;
R@@lm@@iDDDD += r, 8i, 1, 2<D;
Do@8k, r< = AxiQuad4Element@e1, nu1, 8alpha1, deltaT<, 80, 0<, coord@@conn@@iDDDDD;
R@@lm@@iDDDD += r, 8i, 3, 4<D;
debc = 82, 4, 6<;

81, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18<
Kf = K@@df, dfDD
75
ij 7.68959 106
jj
jj
6
jjj -8.14271 10
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 3.38183 106
jj
jj
jj -142652.
jj
jj
jj -4.33591 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -1.78315 106
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-8.14271 106
7
3.29737 10
-1.79627 10
7
-1.79627 10
-4.33591 10
6
2.10736 10
3.11005 10
1.40439 10
9.06229 10
7
-1.14735 10
-7.55191 10
9.88631 10
3.62491 10
0
2.10736 10
1.1587 10
0.
6
6.84212 10
7
-1.62854 10
-10
-2.32831 10
0
-3.01904 10
3.38183 10
-4.33591 10
-1.78315 10
0.
-3.01904
0.
-10
9.31323 10
-10
2.32831 10
-4.33591 10
6
-114122.
6
-1.16415
-3.59255 10
142652.
-142652.
-1.62854 10
0
6
9.06229
6.59475 10
6
1.40439
0.
-2.10736 10
-1.79742 10
-1.78315
-1.14735 10
0.
-1.14735 10
6
-4.33591 10
1.53792 10
1.1587 10
-4.33591 106
-142652.
3.38183 106
3.94398
6.98492
-184602
1.78315
2.10736 10
-1.79742
-1.40439
1.1587 10
1.40439 10
-7.55207
7
-1.14735 10
-9.06229
-7.55191 106
-8.7686
9249923., 111249., -923628., 499846., 0., 222499., 0.,

-1.84726 106 , 0., 249923., -122185., 111249., -639201., -923628., -593761.=
8-0.00524106, -0.0215315, -0.0319668, -0.00497884, -0.0211027, -0.0215631, -0.0197578,

-0.0324841, -0.0174939, -0.0120671, -0.0505293, -0.0262301, -0.0389688, -0.0362975, -0.0334733<
d@@dfDD = dfVals;
u
-0.00524106
-0.0215315
76
-0.0319668
-0.00497884
-0.0211027
-0.0215631
-0.0197578
-0.0324841
-0.0174939
-0.0120671
-0.0505293
-0.0262301
-0.0389688
-0.0362975
-0.0334733
Table@AxiQuad4Results@e2, nu2, 8alpha2, deltaT<, coord@@conn@@iDDDD, d@@lm@@iDDDDD, 8i, 1, 2<D
jij 812, 0<

k 812, 20<
8-0.00203631, -0.00105513, -0.000436755, 0.000013111<
ij 820, 0<
jjj
k 820, 20<
9-0.000695687, -0.000987889, -0.00107658, -1.57684 10-6 = 8-5.50794, -50.4619, -64.1062, -0.121
844.0635, 95.7042, 128.251, 0.345026< 812
8-0.00207303, -0.00147133, -0.000414903, -0.000186298< 820.1105, 51.7787, 107.38, -4.90257<
Table@AxiQuad4Results@e1, nu1, 8alpha1, deltaT<, coord@@conn@@iDDDD, d@@lm@@iDDDDD, 8i, 3, 4<D

8-0.000728072, -0.000960552, -0.00107815, -0.0000824247<

Extend fe2Quad to handle axisymmetric problems.
810
8-11.2547, -47.0207, -65.1132, -6.340
CHAPTER FOUR
Multi-Field Formulations for

Beam Elements
4.1
Find deflections, moments, and shears in a three span continuous beam shown in Figure 4.17. The point
load is acting at the center of the middle span. Use the following numerical data.
L = 20 ft F = 20, 000 lb E = 29 106 lb in2 I = 612 in4
Multifield Beams
Figure 4.17.
Three span beam
Taking advantage of symmetry, we need to model only half of the beam. Along the line of symmetry there
is unknown vertical displacement but the rotation must be zero. Also the load is divided into half. A two
beam element model is adequate and is as shown in the figure.
F2
L2
v2
v1
q1
v3
q2
1
q3
2
Use k-in units

Node
dof
Value
v3
-10
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 y i v1
zz jj
0 0 0 0 zzzz jjjj q1
zz jj
0 0 0 0 zzzz jjjj v2
zz jj
zz jj
0 0 0 0 zzz jjj v3
zz jj
0 0 0 0 { k q3
0 y
z
zyz jij
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz = jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj -10 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
z j
{ k0 {
Element ends = H0, 240.L;

E = 29000;
I = 612;
Length, L = 240.
q=0
v
zyz jij 1
z
j
z
j
295800.
-1848.75 147900. zz jj q1
zz jj
-1848.75 15.4063
-1848.75 zzzz jjjj v2
zj
147900.
-1848.75 295800. { k q2
15.4063
jij
jj 1848.75
jj
jj
jj -15.4063
jj
j
k 1848.75
1848.75
-15.4063 1848.75
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
{ k0{
The element contributes to 81, 2, 3, 4< global degrees of freedom.

0 0 y i v1 y i 0 y
zz jj zz jj
zz
295800.
-1848.75 147900.
0 0 zzzz jjjj q1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
-1848.75 15.4063
-1848.75 0 0 zzzz jjjj v2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
147900.
-1848.75 295800.
0 0 zzzz jjjj q2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
0
0
0
0 0 zzz jjj v3 zzz jjj -10 zzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
0
0
0
0 0 { k q3 { k 0 {
15.4063
jij
jj 1848.75
jj
jj
jj -15.4063
jj
jj
jj 1848.75
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
1848.75
-15.4063 1848.75
Element ends = H240., 360.L;

E = 29000;
ij 123.25
jj
jj 7395.
jj
jj
jj -123.25
jj
k 7395.
I = 612;
7395.
q=0
yz ij v2 yz ij 0 yz
zj z j z
295800. zzzz jjjj q2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj zz = jj zz
-7395. zzzz jjjj v3 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zj z j z
591600. { k q3 { k 0 {
-123.25 7395.
591600. -7395.
-7395.
Length, L = 120.
123.25
295800. -7395.

Multifield Beams
15.4063
jij
jj 1848.75
jj
jj
jj -15.4063
jj
jj
jj 1848.75
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
1848.75
-15.4063 1848.75
295800.
-1848.75 147900.
-1848.75 138.656
5546.25
147900.
887400.
5546.25
-123.25
-7395.
7395.
295800.
v
zyz jij 1
z
j
z
j
0
0
zz jj q1
zz jj
-123.25 7395. zzzz jjjj v2
zz jj
-7395. 295800. zzzz jjjj q2
zz jj
123.25
-7395. zzz jjj v3
zz jj
-7395. 591600. { k q3
0
0 y
z
zyz jij
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz = jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj -10 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
z j
{ k0 {

Node
dof
Value
v1
v2
q3

ij 295800. 147900. 0
yz ij q1
jj
zj
jj 147900. 887400. -7395. zzz jjj q2
jj
zz jj
j
zj
-7395. 123.25 { k v3
k0
yz
yz ij 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj 0
zz
zz jj
z
z j
{ k -10. {
8q1 = 0.000811359, q2 = -0.00162272, v3 = -0.178499<

v
0.000811359
-0.00162272
-0.178499

Left node: x1 = 0;
Right node: x2 = 240.
Local coordinate: s = x - x1 = x;
Length, L = 240.
Using these s and L values the interpolation functions in terms of x are
NT = 91.44676 10-7 x3 - 0.0000520833 x2 + 1, 0.0000173611x3 - 0.00833333 x2 + x,

0.0000520833 x2 - 1.44676 10-7 x3 , 0.0000173611x3 - 0.00416667 x2 =
Nodal values: d T = 80, 0.000811359, 0, -0.00162272<

vHxL = NT d = 0.000811359 x - 1.40861 10-8 x3
E = 29000;
I = 612;
2
h = 1;
Q = 1;
t=1
MHxL = EId vdx = -1.5 x

VHxL = dMdx = -1.5
s = M Hh2LI = -0.00122549 x
t = VQHItL = -0.00245098

Left node: x1 = 240.;
Local coordinate: s = x - x1 = x - 240.;
Length, L = 120.

NT = 91.15741 10-6 Hx - 240.L3 - 0.000208333 Hx - 240.L2 + 1,
0.0000694444 Hx - 240.L3 - 0.0166667 Hx - 240.L2 + x - 240.,
0.000208333 Hx - 240.L2 - 1.15741 10-6 Hx - 240.L3 , 0.0000694444 Hx - 240.L3 - 0.00833333 Hx - 240.L2 =
Nodal values: d T = 80, -0.00162272, -0.178499, 0<
vHxL = NT d = 9.39073 10-8 x3 - 0.0000777552 x2 + 0.0194726 x - 1.4929

E = 29000;
I = 612;
2
h = 1;
Q = 1;
t=1
MHxL = EId vdx = 10. x - 2760.

VHxL = dMdx = 10.
s = M Hh2LI = 0.00816993 x - 2.2549

t = VQHItL = 0.0163399
M Hk-inL
800
600
400
200
-200
V HkL
Bending
100
200
300
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
Shear
100
200
300
Multifield Beams
With the sign convention adopted for the mixed beam element, the nodal degrees of freedom are as shown
in the following figure. For clarity the shear forces and support reactions are shown on a separate figure.
The superscripts L and R on the rotations and shear terms indicate the side of the node on which these
quantities are defined.
v1 =0
v2 =0
q2R
q2L
q1
M1 =0
v3
M2
M3
L2
R1
-F2
R2
VL2
VR2
V1
V3
L
L2
Equations for element 1 (Length = L)

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
j 1
k - L
6 EI
L1
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L1
q3 =0
- L1 yz
zz i M1
zz jj
L1 zzzz jjj M2
zz jjj
zj
0 zzzz jjjj v1
zzz v
zk
0 { 2
yz jij q1
zz jj L
zz jj q2
zz = jj
zz jj
zz jj V1
zz jj
j
{ k V2L
Equations for element 2 (Length = L/2)
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
jij
jj 6 EI
jj L
jj
jj 12 EI
jj
jj 2
jj L
jj
jj 2
k - L
12 EI
L2
6 EI
- L2
- L2
L2
- L2 yz
zz i M2 y ij q2R
zz jj
zz j
2
L zzzz jjj M3 zzz jjjj q3
z j
j
zz jj
zz jj v zzzz = jjjj R
z
0 zz jjj 2 zzz jj V2
z j
zz
z k v { jk V
3
0 z{ 3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
Assembling the equations

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 1
jj L
jjj 1
jj -
jjj L
jj
j0
k
6 EI
L1
- L1
2 EI
12 EI
- L1
L3
12 EI
6 EI
- L2
- L1
3L
- L2
- L2
L2
yz
zz
zz i M1
- L2 zzzz jjjj
zzz jjj M2
L2 zzzz jjjj M3
zzz jjj
zj
0 zzz jjj v1
zz jj
zz jj v
0 zzzz jjj 2
zz k v3
z
0 z{
0
yz ijj q1
zz jj L
zz jj q2 + q2R
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj q3
zz = jj
zz jj
zz jj V1
zz jj
zzz jjj VL + VR
zz jj 2
2
z jj
{ k V3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
From the given support conditions v1 = v2 = q3 = M1 = 0.

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj L
jj
jj 1
jj -
jj L
jj
jj
k0
6 EI
L1
- L1
2 EI
12 EI
- L1
L3
- L2
12 EI
6 EI
- L2
L2
- L1
3L
- L2
- L2
L2
yz
zz
zz i 0
zzz jjj
zz jj M2
zzz jjj
zz jj M
zz jj 3
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj
zzz jjj 0
zz jj
zz v
zz k 3
z
{
yz ijj q1
zz jj L
zz jj q2 + q2R
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz = jj
zz jj
zzz jjj V1
zz jj
zz jj VL + VR
zz jj 2
2
z jj
{ k V3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
The continuity of the beam requires that at all intermediate nodes the rotations from the two sides be
equal. Thus we have
qiL + qiR = 0
The equilibrium conditions require that the sum of shears and reaction or a point load at a node must be
equal to zero. Thus we have
Multifield Beams
ViL + ViR + Ri = 0 ViL + ViR = -Ri

Introducing these we get the global equations as follows.
L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 1
jj L
jjj 1
jj -
jjj L
jj
j0
k
6 EI
L1
- L1
2 EI
12 EI
- L1
L3
12 EI
6 EI
- L2
- L1
3L
- L2
- L2
L2
yz
zz
zz i 0
- L2 zzzz jjjj
zzz jjj M2
L2 zzzz jjjj M3
zzz jjj
zj
0 zzz jjj 0
zz jj
zz jj 0
0 zzzz jjj
zz k v3
z
0 z{
0
yz ijj q1 yzz
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz jj -R zzzz
1z
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz jjj -R2 zzzz
zz jj
z jj F zzzz
{ k
{
2
Substituting the numerical data in in-lb units we get

1
ij

jj 221850
jj 1
jj
jj 443700
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj 240
jj
jj - 1
jj 240
jj
jj
k0

443700
240
1
-
240

147900
887400
1
-
240
80
1
-
120

887400
443700
1
-
120
120
1
-
240
80
1
-
120
-
120
120
yz
zz
zz i 0
zzz jjj
zz jj M2
zzz jjj
zz jj M
zzz jjj 3
zz jj
zzz jjj 0
zz jj
zzz jjj 0
zz jj
zz v
zz k 3
z
{
yz ij q1 yz
zz jj
z
zz jj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj 0 zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj -R1 zzz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj -R2 zzz
zz jj
zz
{ k 10 {
We have a system of 6 equations in 6 unknowns. Solving these equations we get

8M2 =-360., M3 =840., R1 =-1.5, R2 =11.5, v3 =-0.178499, q1 =-0.000811359<
Knowing the nodal values, the solution over each element can now be computed using the interpolation
functions. The bending moments and shear forces computed by differentiating bending moment, are as
follows.
Range
MHxL
0 x 240.
-1.5 x
1.5
240. x 360.
10. x - 2760.
-10.
The solution for moments and shears is exact. Also the nodal displacements and rotations are exact.
However, since linear interpolation is used for the displacement, over the element the solution is obviously not correct.
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-0.17850
0.0000
0.17850

NODE
VALUE
0.0000
-0.17850
0.0000
0.17850
PRINT ROT
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
10
Multifield Beams
NODE
1
ROTZ
0.81136E-03
2 -0.16227E-02
3
0.0000

NODE
VALUE
-0.16227E-02
PRINT ELEMENT TABLE ITEMS PER ELEMENT
***** POST1 ELEMENT TABLE LISTING *****
STAT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
ELEM
MZI
MZJ
SHEARI
SHEARJ
0.0000
-360.00
1.5000
1.5000
-360.00
840.00
-10.000
-10.000
MINIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
-360.00
-360.00
-10.000
-10.000
0.0000
840.00
1.5000
1.5000
MAXIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
11
AnsysFiles\Chap04\Prb4-1Data.txt
12
Multifield Beams
!* Problem 4.1
PREP7
!*
ET,1,BEAM3
!*
R,1,1,612,1, , , ,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,29000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,
N,1,,,,,,,
N,2,240,,,,,,
N,3,360,,,,,,
E,1,2
E,2,3
SOL
FINISH
D,1, , , , , ,UY, , , , ,
D,2, , , , , ,UY, , , , ,
D,3, , , , , ,UX,ROTZ, , , ,
STATUS,SOLU
F,3,FY,-10
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
AVPRIN,0, ,
ETABLE,MZI,SMISC, 6
ETABLE,MzJ,SMISC, 12
ETABLE,ShearI,SMISC, 2
ETABLE,ShearJ,SMISC, 8
!*
PRETAB,MZI,MZJ,SHEARI,SHEARJ
PRNSOL,U,COMP
PRNSOL,ROT,COMP
13
4.2
Use three equal length mixed formulation beam elements to analyze the continuous beam shown in the
figure. Assume F = 50000 lb, E = 20 106 lb in3 , I = 510 in4 , L = 10 ft.
2L
Superscripts L and R on the rotations and shear terms indicate values at the left side and right side of the
node respectively.
v1 =0
v2 =0
q2L
q1 =0
M1
v4 =0
v3
q2R
q3L
M2
q3R
M4 =0
M3
R1
-F
R2
VL2
VR2
VL3
R4
VR3
V1
V4
L
q4
14
Multifield Beams
jij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj L
jj
jj 1
k - L
6 EI
L1
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L1
- L1 yz
zz i M1 y ij q1
zz jj
zz j
L1 zzzz jjj M2 zzz jjjj q2L
z j
j
zz jj
zz jj v zzzz = jjjj V
z
0 zz jjj 1 zzz jj 1
z j
zz
z k v { jk VL
2
0 z{ 2
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
j 1
k - L
6 EI
L1
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L1
- L1 yz
zz i M2
zz jj
L1 zzzz jjj M3
zzz jjjj
0 zzzz jjjj v2
zzz v
zk
0 { 3
R
yz ijjj q2
zz jj L
zz jj q3
zz = jj
zz jj R
zzz jjj V2
z jj
{ jk VL
3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
j 1
k - L
6 EI
L1
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L1
- L1 yz
zz i M3
zz jj
L1 zzzz jjj M4
zz jjj
zj
0 zzzz jjjj v3
zz
zz k v
0 { 4
R
yz ijj q3
zz jj
zz jj q4
zz = jj
zz jj R
zz jj V
zz jj 3
j
{ k V4
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

L
jij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj L
jjj
jj 1
jjj - L
jj
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
6 EI
2L
3 EI
L1
- L1
6 EI
- L1
L2
- L1
6 EI
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
6 EI
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz jij M1
zz jjj M
zj 2
- L1 zzzz jjj
zz jjj M3
zz j
L1 zzz jjjj M4
zz jj
zz j
0 zzzz jjjj v1
zz jjj
zjv
0 zzzz jjj 2
zz jjj v3
zz j
0 zzz j v
zzz k 4
z
0 {
0
i q1
zyz jjjj L
zz jj q + qR
2
zz jj 2
zz jj L
zz jj q + qR
zz jj 3
3
zz jj
zz jj q
zz jj 4
zz = jj
zz jj V1
zz jj
zz jj L
zz jj V + VR
zz jj 2
2
zzz jjj L
zz jj V3 + V3R
z jj
{ jk V4
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
15
From the given support conditions v1 = q1 = v2 = v4 = M4 = 0.

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj 1
jj -
jj L
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
j
k0
6 EI
L1
- L1
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
- L1
6 EI
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
6 EI
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
yz
zz
zz
0 zzzz ijj M1
zz jjj M
zj 2
- L1 zzzz jjj
zz jjj M3
zz j
L1 zzz jjjj 0
zz jj
zz j
0 zzzz jjjj 0
zz jjj
zj0
0 zzzz jjj
zzz jjjj v3
z
0 zzz j 0
zz k
zz
0 {
0
0
yz ijjj
zz jj L
zz jj q2 + q2R
zz jj
zz jj L
zz jj q3 + q3R
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj q4
zz = jj
zz jj
zz jj V1
zz jj
zz jj L
zz jj V2 + V2R
zz jj
zz jj L
zz jj V3 + V3R
z jj
{ jk V4
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zzz
{
equal. Thus we have
qiL + qiR = 0 i = 2, 3
ViL + ViR + Ri = 0 ViL + ViR = -Ri i = 1, 2,
L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj - 1
jj L
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
j
k0
6 EI
L1
- L1
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
- L1
6 EI
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
6 EI
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
yz
zz
zz
0 zzzz ijj M1
zz jjj M
zj 2
- L1 zzzz jjj
zz jjj M3
zz j
L1 zzz jjjj 0
zz jj
zz j
0 zzzz jjjj 0
zz jjj
zj0
0 zzzz jjj
zz jjj v3
zz j
0 zzz j 0
zz k
zz
0 {
0
yz ij 0 yz
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj q4 zzz
zz
zz = jj
zzz jjj -R1 zzz
zz
zz jj
zzz jjj -R zzz
zz jj
2z
zz
z
zzz jjj
zz jj F zzz
zz
zz jj
{ k -R4 {
16
Multifield Beams
Substituting the numerical data (k-in units) we get

1
ij

jj 255000
jj 1
jj
jj 510000
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jj 120
jj
jj
jj - 1
jj 120
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
j
k0

510000
120
1
-
120

127500
510000
1
-
120
60
1
-
120

510000
127500
510000
1
-
120
60
510000
255000
1
-
120
1
-
120
60
1
-
120
-
120
60
1
-
120
-
120
120
yz
zz
zz M
zzz ijj 1
0
zz jj
z jj M2
1 z
zz jj
-
120 z
zzz jjjj M3
zz jj
1
zz jj 0
zz jj
120
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
0
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
0
zz jj
zzz jjj v3
zz j
0
zz 0
zz k
zz
0
{
0
yz ij 0 yz
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj q4 zzz
zz
zz = jj
z
zz jj
zz jj -R1 zzz
z
zz jj
zz jj -R zzz
zz jj
2z
zz
zz jj
zz jj 50 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
z j
{ k -R4 {

88M1. 818.182, M2. -1636.36, M3. 2181.82,
R1. -20.4545, R2. 52.2727, R4. 18.1818, v3. -0.834225, q4. 0.0112299<<
v2
v1
q1
v3
q2
v4
q3
q4
3
Using the conventional beam element, the solution is as follows.

Node
dof
Value
v3
-50
17
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i v1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj q1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj v2
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj q2
zz jj
0 0 zzz jjj v3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj q3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj v4
zj
0 0 { k q4
0 y
z
zyz jij
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz = jj
zz jj -50 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
{ k0 {

E = 20000;
70.8333
jij
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj -70.8333
jj
jj
k 4250.
I = 510;
Length, L = 120.
q=0
v
0
zyz jij 1 zyz jij zyz
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
170000. zz jj q1 zz jj 0 zzzz
zz jj zz = jj zz
zz jj zz jj zz
340000. { k q2 { k 0 {
-70.8333 4250.
4250.
340000. -4250.
-4250.
70.8333
170000. -4250.

70.8333
jij
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj -70.8333
jj
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-70.8333 4250.
4250.
340000. -4250.
170000. 0
-4250.
-4250.
70.8333
170000. -4250.
340000. 0
0 0 0 y i v1 y i 0 y
zz jj zz jj
zz
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj q1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj v2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
0 0 0 zzz jjj v3 zzz jjj -50 zzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
zz jj zz jj
zz
zj z j
z
0 0 0 { k q4 { k 0 {

E = 20000;
ij 70.8333
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj -70.8333
jj
k 4250.
I = 510;
4250.
q=0
yz ij v2 yz ij 0 yz
zj z j z
zz jj zz = jj zz
zj z j z
340000. { k q3 { k 0 {
-70.8333 4250.
340000. -4250.
-4250.
Length, L = 120.
70.8333
170000. -4250.
18
Multifield Beams

ij 70.8333
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj -70.8333
jj
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 y i v1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj q1
zz jj
-4250. 141.667
0
-70.8333 4250.
0 0 zzzz jjjj v2
zz jj
170000. 0
680000. -4250.
170000. 0 0 zzzz jjjj q2
zz jj
0
-70.8333 -4250. 70.8333
-4250. 0 0 zzz jjj v3
zz jj
0
4250.
170000. -4250.
340000. 0 0 zzzz jjjj q3
zz jj
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 zzzz jjjj v4
zj
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 { k q4
-70.8333 4250.
4250.
340000. -4250.
170000. 0
yz ij 0 yz
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz = jj
z
zz jj
zz jj -50 zzz
z
zz jj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj
zz jj 0 zzz
zz
zz jj
{ k0 {

E = 20000;
ij 70.8333
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jjj -70.8333
jj
k 4250.
Length, L = 120.
I = 510;
q=0
yz ij v3 yz ij 0 yz
zj z j z
zz jj zz = jj zz
zz jj z j zz
340000. { k q4 { k 0 {
-70.8333 4250.
4250.
340000. -4250.
-4250.
70.8333
170000. -4250.

ij 70.8333
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jjj -70.8333
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz ij v1 yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz jj
z
zz jj q1 zz jj 0 zzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
zz jj zz jj
zz
-4250. 141.667
0
-70.8333 4250.
0
0
zzz jjj v2 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
zzz jjj q2 zzz jjj 0 zzz
170000. 0
680000. -4250.
170000. 0
0
zz jj zz = jj
zz
zj z j
z
0
-70.8333 -4250. 141.667
0
-70.8333 4250. zzz jjj v3 zzz jjj -50 zzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
0
4250.
170000. 0
680000. -4250.
170000. zzz jjj q3 zzz jjj 0 zzzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
0
0
0
-70.8333 -4250. 70.8333
zj z j
z
0
0
0
4250.
170000. -4250.
340000. { k q4 { k 0 {
-70.8333 4250.
4250.
340000. -4250.
170000. 0

Node
dof
Value
v1
q1
0
0
v2
v4
19

ij 680000.
jj
jj -4250.
jj
jj
jj 170000.
jjj
k0
yz ij q2 yz ij 0
yz
zz jj zz jj
z
zz jj v3 zz jj -50. zzz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
zz jj zz jj
zz
zz
680000. 170000. zzz jjj q3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zj z j
170000. 340000. { k q4 { k 0
{
-4250.
170000. 0
141.667
0
4250.
4250.
8q2 = -0.00481283, v3 = -0.834225, q3 = -0.00160428, q4 = 0.0112299<

v
-0.00481283
-0.834225
-0.00160428
0.0112299

Left node: x1 = 0.;
Local coordinate: s = x - x1 = x + 0.;
Length, L = 120.
NT = 91.15741 10-6 Hx + 0.L3 - 0.000208333 Hx + 0.L2 + 1, 0.0000694444 Hx + 0.L3 - 0.0166667 Hx + 0.L2 + x + 0.,
0.000208333 Hx + 0.L2 - 1.15741 10-6 Hx + 0.L3 , 0.0000694444 Hx + 0.L3 - 0.00833333 Hx + 0.L2 =
Nodal values: d T = 80, 0, 0, -0.00481283<
vHxL = NT d = 0.000040107 x2 - 3.34225 10-7 x3

E = 20000;
I = 510;
h = 1;
Q = 1;
MHxL = EId2 vdx2 = 818.182 - 20.4545 x

VHxL = dMdx = -20.4545
s = M Hh2LI = 0.802139 - 0.0200535 x

t = VQHItL = -0.040107

Length, L = 120.
t=1
20
Multifield Beams

NT = 91.15741 10-6 Hx - 120.L3 - 0.000208333 Hx - 120.L2 + 1,
0.0000694444 Hx - 120.L3 - 0.0166667 Hx - 120.L2 + x - 120.,
0.000208333 Hx - 120.L2 - 1.15741 10-6 Hx - 120.L3 , 0.0000694444 Hx - 120.L3 - 0.00833333 Hx - 120.L2 =
Nodal values: d T = 80, -0.00481283, -0.834225, -0.00160428<
vHxL = NT d = 5.19905 10-7 x3 - 0.00026738 x2 + 0.0368984 x - 1.47594

E = 20000;
I = 510;
h = 1;
Q = 1;
t=1
MHxL = EId2 vdx2 = 31.8182 x - 5454.55

VHxL = dMdx = 31.8182
s = M Hh2LI = 0.0311943 x - 5.34759

t = VQHItL = 0.0623886

Length, L = 120.

NT = 91.15741 10-6 Hx - 240.L3 - 0.000208333 Hx - 240.L2 + 1,
0.0000694444 Hx - 240.L3 - 0.0166667 Hx - 240.L2 + x - 240.,
0.000208333 Hx - 240.L2 - 1.15741 10-6 Hx - 240.L3 , 0.0000694444 Hx - 240.L3 - 0.00833333 Hx - 240.L2 =
Nodal values: d T = 8-0.834225, -0.00160428, 0, 0.0112299<
vHxL = NT d = -2.97089 10-7 x3 + 0.000320856 x2 - 0.104278 x + 9.81818

E = 20000;
I = 510;
2
h = 1;
MHxL = EId vdx = 6545.45 - 18.1818 x

VHxL = dMdx = -18.1818
s = M Hh2LI = 6.41711 - 0.0178253 x

t = VQHItL = -0.0356506
Q = 1;
t=1
21
M Hk-inL
V HkL
20
Bending
2000
Shear
10
1000
100
-1000
200
-10
300
100
200
300
-20
-30
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-0.83422
0.0000
0.83422
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

NODE
VALUE
0.0000
-0.83422
0.0000
0.83422
22
Multifield Beams
PRINT ROT
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
SUBSTEP=
1.0000
LOAD CASE=
NODE
1
ROTZ
0.0000
2 -0.48128E-02
3 -0.16043E-02
4
0.11230E-01

NODE
VALUE
0.11230E-01
STAT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
ELEM
MZI
MZJ
SHEARI
SHEARJ
818.18
-1636.4
20.455
20.455
-1636.4
2181.8
-31.818
-31.818
23
2181.8
0.0000
18.182
18.182
MINIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
-1636.4
-1636.4
-31.818
-31.818
2181.8
2181.8
20.455
20.455
MAXIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
!* Problem 4.2
PREP7
!*
ET,1,BEAM3
!*
R,1,1,510,1, , , ,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,20000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,
N,1,,,,,,,
N,2,120,,,,,,
N,3,240,,,,,,
N,4,360,,,,,,
E,1,2
E,2,3
E,3,4
SOL
FINISH
D,1, , , , , ,UY,ROTZ , , , ,
24
Multifield Beams
D,2, , , , , ,UY, , , , ,
D,4, , , , , ,UX,UY , , ,
STATUS,SOLU
F,3,FY,-50
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
AVPRIN,0, ,
ETABLE,MZI,SMISC, 6
!*
PRNSOL,U,COMP
PRNSOL,ROT,COMP
4.3
Use three equal length mixed formulation beam elements to analyze the continuous beam shown in the
figure. Assume q = 2000 lb ft, E = 20 106 lb in3 , I = 510 in4 , L = 10 ft.
2L
25
v1 =0
v2 =0
q2L
q1 =0
M1
q2R
q3L
M2
R3 =0
R2
VL2
VR2
VL3
R4
VR3
V1
V4
L
L1
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L1
- L1 yz
zz i M1
zz jj
L1 zzzz jjj M2
zzz jjjj
0 zzzz jjjj v1
zzz v
zk
0 { 2
yz ijj q1
zz jj L
zz jj q2
zz = jj
zz jj
zzz jjj V1
z jj
{ k V2L
- L1 yz
zz i M2
zz jj
L1 zzzz jjj M3
zz jjj
zj
0 zzzz jjjj v2
zz
zz k v
0 { 3
i qR
yz jjjj 2
zz jj L
zz jj q3
zz = jj
zz jj R L q
zz jj V2 +
zz jj
2
j
Lq
{ j VL +
k 3
2
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
j 1
k - L
6 EI
L1
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L1
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
q4
M4 =0
R1
6 EI
q3R
M3
L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
j 1
k - L
v4 =0
v3
26
Multifield Beams
jij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj L
jj
jj 1
k - L
6 EI
L1
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L1
R
- L1 yz
zz i M3 y ijj q3
zz jj
j
z
j
z
1
L zzzz jjj M4 zzz jjj q4
z j
zz jjj
Lq
zz jj v zzzz = jjjj VR +
z
0 zz jjj 3 zzz jjj 3
2
z jj
zz
Lq
zz k v4 { j
0 {
k 2 + V4
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zzz
{

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj - 1
jj L
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
j
k0
6 EI
L1
- L1
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
- L1
6 EI
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
6 EI
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
yz
zz
zz
0 zzzz ijj M1
zz jjj M
zj 2
- L1 zzzz jjj
zz jjj M3
zz j
L1 zzz jjjj M4
zz jj
zz j
0 zzzz jjjj v1
zz jjj
zjv
0 zzzz jjj 2
zz jjj v3
zz j
0 zzz j v
zz k 4
zz
0 {
0
i q1
yz jjjj L
zz jj q2 + q2R
zz jj
zz jj L
zz jj q + qR
zz jj 3
3
zz jj
zz jj q4
zz jj
zz = jj
zzz jjj V1
zz jj
Lq
zzz jjj VL + VR +

zz jj 2
2
2
zzz jjj L
R
zz jj V + V + L q
3
zz jjj 3
Lq
{ jj
+
V
4
k 2
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj 1
jj -
jj L
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
j
k0
6 EI
2L
3 EI
L1
- L1
6 EI
- L1
L2
- L1
6 EI
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
6 EI
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
yz
zz
zz
0 zzzz ijj M1
zz jjj M
zj 2
- L1 zzzz jjj
zz jjj M3
zj
L1 zzzz jjjj 0
zz jj
zz j
0 zzzz jjjj 0
zz jjj
zj0
0 zzzz jjj
zz jjj v3
zz j
0 zzz j 0
zz k
zz
0 {
0
i0
yz jjjj L
zz jj q2 + q2R
zz jj
zz jj L
zz jj q + qR
zz jj 3
3
zz jj
zz jj q4
zz jj
zz = jj
zz jj V1
zz jj
zz jj L
Lq
zzz jjj V2 + V2R +

2
zz jj
zzz jjj L
zz jj V3 + V3R + L q
z jjj
Lq
{ j
k 2 + V4
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
equal. Thus we have
27
qiL + qiR = 0 i = 2, 3
L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj L
jj
jj
jj - 1
jj L
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
j
k0
6 EI
L1
- L1
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
- L1
6 EI
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
6 EI
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
yz
zz
zz
0 zzzz ijj M1
zz jjj M
zj 2
- L1 zzzz jjj
zzz jjjj M3
z
L1 zzz jjjj 0
zz jj
zz j
0 zzzz jjjj 0
zz jjj
zj0
0 zzzz jjj
zz jjj v3
zz j
0 zzz j 0
zz k
zz
0 {
0
0
yz ijjj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj q4
zz jj
zz = jj
zzz jjj -R1
zz jj
Lq
zzz jjj
zz jj 2 - R2
zzz jjj
zz jj L q
zz jjj
Lq
{ jk
- R4
2
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zzz
{
Substituting the numerical data we get

1
ij

jj 255000
jj 1
jj
jj 510000
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jj 120
jj
jj
jj - 1
jj 120
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
j
k0

510000
120
1
-
120

127500
510000
1
-
120
60
1
-
120

510000
127500
510000
1
-
120
60
510000
255000
1
-
120
1
-
120
60
1
-
120
-
120
60
1
-
120
1
-
120
120
yz
zz
zz M
zzz ijj 1
0
zz jj
z jj M2
1 z
-
zzz jjj
120 z
zz jjj M3
zz jj
1
zz jj 0
zz jj
120
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
0
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
0
zz jj
zzz jjj v3
zz j
0
zz 0
zzz k
z
0
{
0
yz ij 0
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj q4
zz = jj
zz jj
zz jj -R1
zz jj
zzz jjj 10 - R2
zz jj
zzz jjj 20
zz jj
z j
{ k 10 - R4
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
28
Multifield Beams
88M1. 327.273, M2. -654.545, M3. 872.727,

R1. -8.18182, R2. 30.9091, R4. 17.2727, v3. -0.33369, q4. 0.00449198<<
v2
v1
q1
v3
q2
1
v4
q3
2
q4
3
Using the conventional beam element, the solution is as follows.

ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i v1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj q1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj v2
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj q2
zz jj
0 0 zzz jjj v3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj q3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj v4
zj
0 0 { k q4
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
z j z
{ k0{

E = 20000;
ij 70.8333
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj -70.8333
jj
k 4250.
I = 510;
4250.
q=0
yz ij v1 yz ij 0 yz
zj z j z
zz jj zz = jj zz
zj z j z
340000. { k q2 { k 0 {
-70.8333 4250.
340000. -4250.
-4250.
Length, L = 120.
70.8333
170000. -4250.

29
70.8333
jij
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj -70.8333
jj
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-70.8333 4250.
4250.
340000. -4250.
170000. 0
-4250.
-4250.
70.8333
170000. -4250.
340000. 0
0 0 0 y i v1 y i 0 y
zz jj zz jj zz
zz jj zz jj zz
zz jj zz jj zz
zz jj zz = jj zz
0 0 0 zzz jjj v3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz jj zz
zz jj zz jj zz
zj z j z
0 0 0 { k q4 { k 0 {

E = 20000;
ij 70.8333
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj -70.8333
jj
k 4250.
I = 510;
Length, L = 120.
1
q = -
6
yz ij v2 yz ij -10. yz
zj z j
z
170000. zzzz jjjj q2 zzzz jjjj -200. zzzz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
-4250. zzzz jjjj v3 zzzz jjjj -10. zzzz
zj z j
z
340000. { k q3 { k 200. {
-70.8333 4250.
4250.
340000. -4250.
-4250.
70.8333
170000. -4250.

ij 70.8333
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj -70.8333
jj
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 y i v1
zz jj
340000. -4250.
170000. 0
0
0 0 zzzz jjjj q1
zz jj
-4250. 141.667
0
-70.8333 4250.
0 0 zzzz jjjj v2
zz jj
170000. 0
680000. -4250.
170000. 0 0 zzzz jjjj q2
zz jj
0
-70.8333 -4250. 70.8333
-4250. 0 0 zzz jjj v3
zz jj
0
4250.
170000. -4250.
340000. 0 0 zzzz jjjj q3
zz jj
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 zzzz jjjj v4
zj
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 { k q4
-70.8333 4250.
4250.

E = 20000;
ij 70.8333
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj -70.8333
jj
k 4250.
I = 510;
4250.
1
q = -
6
yz ij v3 yz ij -10. yz
zj z j
z
170000. zzzz jjjj q3 zzzz jjjj -200. zzzz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
-4250. zzzz jjjj v4 zzzz jjjj -10. zzzz
zj z j
z
340000. { k q4 { k 200. {
-70.8333 4250.
340000. -4250.
-4250.
Length, L = 120.
70.8333
170000. -4250.
yz
yz ij 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj -10. zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj -200. zzz
zz
zz = jj
z
zz jj
zz jj -10. zzz
zz
zz jj
zzz jjj 200. zzz
zz
zz jj
zzz
zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
z
z j
{
{ k0
30
Multifield Beams

yz ij v1 yz ij 0
yz
zz jj zz jj
zz
zz jj q1 zz jj 0
zz
340000. -4250.
170000. 0
0
0
0
zz
zzz jjj zzz jjj
zz jj v zz jj -10. zzz
-4250. 141.667
0
-70.8333 4250.
0
0
zz jj 2 zz jj
zz
zz jj zz jj
z
zz jj q zz jj -200. zzz
170000. 0
680000. -4250.
170000. 0
0
zz jj 2 zz jj
zz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
0
-70.8333 -4250. 141.667
0
-70.8333 4250. zzz jjj v3 zzz jjj -20. zzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
zz
0
4250.
170000. 0
680000. -4250.
170000. zzzz jjjj q3 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz jj zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
0
0
0
-70.8333 -4250. 70.8333
-4250. zzz jjj v4 zzz jjj -10. zzzz
zj z j
z
0
0
0
4250.
170000. -4250.
340000. { k q4 { k 200. {
ij 70.8333
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj -70.8333
jj
jj
jj 4250.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-70.8333 4250.
4250.

Node
dof
Value
v1
q1
0
0
v2
v4

ij 680000.
jj
jj -4250.
jj
jj
jjj 170000.
jj
k0
yz ij q2 yz ij -200. yz
zz jj zz jj
z
zz jj v3 zz jj -20. zzz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
zz jj zz jj
zz
zz
680000. 170000. zzz jjj q3 zzz jjj 0
zzz
zz jj zz jj
170000. 340000. { k q4 { k 200. {
-4250.
170000. 0
141.667
0
4250.
4250.
8q2 = -0.00256684, v3 = -0.397861, q3 = -0.000855615, q4 = 0.0059893<

v
-0.00256684
-0.397861
-0.000855615
0.0059893

Left node: x1 = 0.;
31
Length, L = 120.
0.000208333 Hx + 0.L2 - 1.15741 10-6 Hx + 0.L3 , 0.0000694444 Hx + 0.L3 - 0.00833333 Hx + 0.L2 =
Nodal values: d T = 80, 0, 0, -0.00256684<
vHxL = NT d = 0.0000213904 x2 - 1.78253 10-7 x3

E = 20000;
I = 510;
h = 1;
Q = 1;
t=1
MHxL = EId2 vdx2 = 436.364 - 10.9091 x

VHxL = dMdx = -10.9091
s = M Hh2LI = 0.427807 - 0.0106952 x
t = VQHItL = -0.0213904

Length, L = 120.

NT = 91.15741 10-6 Hx - 120.L3 - 0.000208333 Hx - 120.L2 + 1,
0.0000694444 Hx - 120.L3 - 0.0166667 Hx - 120.L2 + x - 120.,
0.000208333 Hx - 120.L2 - 1.15741 10-6 Hx - 120.L3 , 0.0000694444 Hx - 120.L3 - 0.00833333 Hx - 120.L2 =
Nodal values: d T = 80, -0.00256684, -0.397861, -0.000855615<
vHxL = NT d = 2.22816 10-7 x3 - 0.000113191x2 + 0.0149733 x - 0.551872

1
Distributed load on the element, q = -
6
Due to this load the fixed-end beam solution in terms of x
H240. - xL2 Hx - 120.L2

Fixed-end beam displacement, vf HxL = -
1468800000
Adding this value, the complete element displacement function is

x4
vHxL = -
+ 7.13012 10-7 x3 - 0.000240642 x2 + 0.0290909 x - 1.11658

1468800000
E = 20000;
I = 510;
h = 1;
Q = 1;
t=1
32
Multifield Beams
x2
MHxL = EId2 vdx2 = - + 43.6364 x - 4909.09
12
x
VHxL = dMdx = 43.6364 -
6
x2
s = M Hh2LI = - + 0.0427807 x - 4.81283
12240
x
t = VQHItL = 0.0855615 -
3060

Length, L = 120.

NT = 91.15741 10-6 Hx - 240.L3 - 0.000208333 Hx - 240.L2 + 1,
0.0000694444 Hx - 240.L3 - 0.0166667 Hx - 240.L2 + x - 240.,
0.000208333 Hx - 240.L2 - 1.15741 10-6 Hx - 240.L3 , 0.0000694444 Hx - 240.L3 - 0.00833333 Hx - 240.L2 =
Nodal values: d T = 8-0.397861, -0.000855615, 0, 0.0059893<
vHxL = NT d = -1.03981 10-7 x3 + 0.000122103 x2 - 0.0414973 x + 3.96578

1
6
H360. - xL2 Hx - 240.L2

1468800000

x4
vHxL = -
+ 7.13012 10-7 x3 - 0.000240642 x2 + 0.0290909 x - 1.11658

1468800000
E = 20000;
I = 510;
h = 1;
x
MHxL = EId2 vdx2 = - + 43.6364 x - 4909.09
12
x
VHxL = dMdx = 43.6364 -
6
x2
s = M Hh2LI = - + 0.0427807 x - 4.81283
12240
x
t = VQHItL = 0.0855615 -
3060
Q = 1;
t=1
33
M Hk-inL
750
500
250
-250
-500
-750
V HkL
Bending
Shear
10
100
200
300
100
-10
-20
200
300
34
Multifield Beams
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-0.39786
0.0000
0.39786
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

NODE
VALUE
0.0000
-0.39786
0.0000
0.39786

NODE
VALUE
0.0000
-0.83422
0.0000
0.83422
PRINT ROT
35
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
SUBSTEP=
1.0000
LOAD CASE=
NODE
1
ROTZ
0.0000
2 -0.25668E-02
3 -0.85561E-03
4
0.59893E-02

NODE
VALUE
0.59893E-02
STAT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
ELEM
MZI
MZJ
SHEARI
SHEARJ
436.36
-872.73
10.909
10.909
-872.73
763.64
-23.636
-3.6364
763.64
0.25580E-12 -3.6364
16.364
36
Multifield Beams
MINIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
-872.73
-872.73
-23.636
-3.6364
763.64
763.64
10.909
16.364
MAXIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
!* Problem 4.3
PREP7
!*
ET,1,BEAM3
!*
R,1,1,510,1, , , ,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,20000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,
N,1,,,,,,,
N,2,120,,,,,,
N,3,240,,,,,,
N,4,360,,,,,,
E,1,2
E,2,3
E,3,4
SOL
FINISH
D,1, , , , , ,UY,ROTZ , , , ,
D,2, , , , , ,UY, , , , ,
D,4, , , , , ,UX,UY , , ,
37
SFBEAM,2,1,PRES,212, , , , , ,
STATUS,SOLU
SFBEAM,3,1,PRES,212, , , , , ,
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
AVPRIN,0, ,
ETABLE,MZI,SMISC, 6
!*
PRNSOL,U,COMP
PRNSOL,ROT,COMP
4.4
Solve problem 4.1 using the displacement based element for TBT.
F2
L2
v2
v1
q1
v3
q2
1
q3
2
38
Multifield Beams
L = 20 ft F = 20, 000 lb E = 29 106 lb in2 I = 612 in4

Rectangular cross section: Width = 4.25 in and depth = 12 in; G = E/3
Use k-in units

Node
dof
Value
v3
-10
Element ends = H0, 240.L
Length = 240.
EI = 1.7748 107
1711.81
jij
jj
jj 205417.
jj
jj
jj -1711.81
jj
j
k 205417.
kGA = 410833.
q=0
f = 0.009
zyz ijj v1 yzz ijj 0 yzz

z
-205417. 1.63594 107 zzzz jjjj q1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jjj zzz = jjj zzz
zz jj v zz jj 0 zz
1711.81
-205417.
zz jj 2 zz jj zz
z
7 z q
-205417. 3.29406 10 { k 2 { k 0 {
-1711.81 205417.
205417.
7
3.29406 10
-205417.
1.63594 107
Element ends = H240., 360.L

EI = 1.7748 107
ij 3423.61
jj
jj 205417.
jj
jj
jj -3423.61
jj
jj
k 205417.
Length = 120.
kGA = 410833.
q=0
f = 0.036
yz i v2 y i 0 y
zz jj zz jj zz
-205417. 8.06877 10 zzzz jjjj q2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jjj zzz = jjj zzz
zzz jjj v3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
3423.61
-205417.
zz j z j z
7 z q
-205417. 1.65812 10 { k 3 { k 0 {
-3423.61 205417.
205417.
7
1.65812 10
-205417.
8.06877 106

Node
dof
Value
v1
v2
q3
39
7
jij 3.29406 10
jj
jj 1.63594 107
jjj
k0
1.63594 107
7
4.95219 10
-205417.
zyz ijj q1
zz j
-205417. zzzz jjjj q2
zj
3423.61 { k v3
0
yz ij 0
yz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj 0
zz
zz
zzz jjj
z
{ k -10. {
8q1 = 0.0000102496, q2 = -0.0000206382, v3 = -0.00415919<
Compared to the exact solution obtained in Problem 4.1 this solution clearly is very poor. However this is
expected behavior of the Timoshenko element when f values are small, as is the case for this problem.
Element solution summary
Range
Displacement
0 x 240.
240. x 360.
0.00831837 - 0.0000346599 x
Bending moment
Bending stress
-2.28416
-0.0223937
3.0524
0.0299254
Shear force
1
0.052874 x - 4.21089
11.1972 - 0.0706573 x
M Hk-inL
3
2
1
-1
-2
Shear stress
72500
I1.28699 10-7 x - 0.0000102496M

9
72500
I0.0000272548 - 1.71985 10-7 xM

9
V HkL
Bending
Shear
100
200
300
-5
-10
100
200
300
4.5
F = 50000 lb, E = 20 106 lb in3 , I = 510 in4 , L = 10 ft.
40
Multifield Beams
2L
v2
v1
q1
v3
q2
v4
q3
q4
Use k-in units

Node
dof
Value
v3
-50

7
EI = 1.02 10
ij 2833.33
jj
jj 170000.
jj
jj
jj -2833.33
jj
jj
k 170000.
Length = 120.
kGA = 340000.
q=0
f = 0.025
yz i v1
zz jj
-170000. 6.715 10 zzzz jjjj q1
zz jj
2833.33
-170000. zzzz jjjj v2
zz j
-170000. 1.3685 107 { k q2
-2833.33 170000.
170000.
7
1.3685 10
-170000.
6.715 106
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
{ k0{

7
EI = 1.02 10
ij 2833.33
jj
jj 170000.
jjj
jj
jj -2833.33
jj
j
k 170000.
Length = 120.
kGA = 340000.
f = 0.025
yz i v2
zz jj
-170000. 6.715 10 zzzz jjjj q2
zz jj
2833.33
zz j
-170000. 1.3685 107 { k q3
-2833.33 170000.
170000.
7
1.3685 10
-170000.
6.715 106
q=0
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
z j z
{ k0{
Length = 120.
q=0
41
EI = 1.02 107
ij 2833.33
jj
jj 170000.
jj
jj
jj -2833.33
jj
jj
k 170000.
kGA = 340000.
f = 0.025
yz i v3
zz jj
-170000. 6.715 10 zzzz jjjj q3
zz jj
2833.33
zz jj
-170000. 1.3685 107 { k q4
-2833.33 170000.
170000.
7
1.3685 10
-170000.
6.715 106
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
{ k0{

Node
dof
Value
v1
q1
0
0
v2
v4

ij 2.737 107
jj
jj -170000.
jj
jj
jjj 6.715 106
jj
jj
k0
-170000. 6.715 106

5666.67
2.737 107
170000.
6.715 106
yz i q2
zz jj
zz jj
170000.
zz jj v3
zz jj
zj
6 z
6.715 10 zz jjj q3
zz j
z
1.3685 107 { k q4
0
yz ij 0
yz
zz jj
z
zz jj -50. zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
{ k0
{
8q2 = -0.000118835, v3 = -0.0206492, q3 = -0.0000384008, q4 = 0.000275354<

Range
Displacement
0 x 120.
120. x 240.
0.0206492 - 0.000172077 x
240. x 360.
0.000172077 x - 0.0619476
Bending moment
Bending stress
-10.1009
-0.0990288
6.83687
0.0670281
26.6692
0.261463
Shear force
Shear stress
0.336698 x
0.0055016 x
9.24516 - 0.227896 x
284.916 - 0.888973 x
50000
I0.0000271916 - 6.70281 10-7 xM

9
50000
I0.000837988 - 2.61463 10-6 xM

9
42
Multifield Beams
M Hk-inL
Bending
5
2.5
-2.5
-5
-7.5
-10
100
V HkL
40
30
20
10
Shear
-10
-20
-30
100
4.6
q = 2000 lb ft, E = 20 106 lb in3 , I = 510 in4 , L = 10 ft.
2L
v2
v1
q1
1
Use k-in units
v3
q2
v4
q3
2
q4
3
43

EI = 1.02 107
ij 2833.33
jj
jj 170000.
jj
jj
jj -2833.33
jj
jj
k 170000.
Length = 120.
kGA = 340000.
q=0
f = 0.025
yz i v1
zz jj
-170000. 6.715 10 zzzz jjjj q1
zz jj
2833.33
zz jj
-170000. 1.3685 107 { k q2
-2833.33 170000.
170000.
7
1.3685 10
-170000.
6.715 106
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zzz
{ k0{

EI = 1.02 107
2833.33
jij
jj
jj 170000.
jj
jj
jj -2833.33
jj
j
k 170000.
kGA = 340000.
f = 0.025
zyz ijj v2
z
-170000. 6.715 106 zzzz jjjj q2
zz jj
2833.33
zz jj
-170000. 1.3685 107 { k q3
-2833.33 170000.
170000.
7
1.3685 10
-170000.
6.715 106
1
q = -
6
Length = 120.
yz ij -10. yz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -10. zzz
zzz jjj
zzz
{ k0
{

EI = 1.02 107
2833.33
jij
jj
jj 170000.
jj
jj
jj -2833.33
jj
j
k 170000.
kGA = 340000.
7
1.3685 10
-170000.
6.715 106
f = 0.025
zyz ijj v3
z
-170000. 6.715 106 zzzz jjjj q3
zz jj
2833.33
zz jj
-170000. 1.3685 107 { k q4
-2833.33 170000.
170000.
1
q = -
6
Length = 120.
yz ij -10. yz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -10. zzz
zz jj
zz
{ k0
{

Node
dof
Value
v1
q1
0
0
v2
v4
44
Multifield Beams
7
jij 2.737 10
jj
jj -170000.
jj
jj
jj 6.715 106
jj
jj
k0
zyz ij q2
zz jj
zz jj v3
zzz jjj
j
6 z
6.715 10 zzz jjj q3
zz j
z
1.3685 107 { k q4
-170000. 6.715 106
5666.67
170000.
2.737 107
170000.
6.715 106
yz ij 0
yz
zz jj
z
zz jj -20. zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zzz
{ k0
{
8q2 = -0.0000475338, v3 = -0.00825968, q3 = -0.0000153603, q4 = 0.000110142<

Range
Displacement
0 x 120.
120. x 240.
0.00825968 - 0.0000688307 x
240. x 360.
0.0000688307 x - 0.024779
Bending moment
Bending stress
-4.04038
-0.0396115
2.73475
0.0268112
10.6677
0.104585
Shear force
Shear stress
0.134679 x
0.00220064 x
3.69806 - 0.0911582 x
113.966 - 0.355589 x
50000
I0.0000108767 - 2.68112 10-7 xM

9
50000
I0.000335195 - 1.04585 10-6 xM

9
M Hk-inL
Bending
2
1
-1
-2
-3
-4
100
V HkL
15
10
5
-5
-10
Shear
100
45
4.7
Use three equal length elements to analyze the continuous beam shown in the figure. The cross-section is
rectangular with width 1 and height h. Assume q = 1, k = 5 6, G = E 3, E = 1, L = 1. Compare deflection
at the center of the loaded span obtained by the using the Timoshenko beam element and the conventional
beam element. Demonstrate shear locking in the Timoshenko beam element as the beam becomes thin.
2L
v1 =0
v2 =0
q1 =0
q2
Solution using the Timoshenko beam element is as follows.
v4 =0
v3
q3
q4
46
Multifield Beams

Element ends = H0, 1L
5h
ij
jj 18
jj
jj 5 h
jj 36
jj
jj 5 h
jj -
jj 18
jj
jjj 5 h
k 36
5h

36
5h
-
18
5h
h
12
54
5h
-
36
5h
-

36
5h
18
3
h
5h
108
12
5h
-
36
Length = 1
yz
zz v
z ji 1
zz jj
h3 z
5h
z jj q1
108
12 z
zz jj
zz jj
5h
zz jj v2
- 36
zz jj
zz
z k q2
3
5h z
h
+ 54 z{
12
5h
36
h3
EI =
12
q=0
h3
EI =
12
q = -1
h3
EI =
12
q = -1
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
{ k0{

5h
ij
jj 18
jj
jj 5 h
jj 36
jj
jj 5 h
jj -
jj 18
jj
jj 5 h
j
k 36
5h

36
3
12
5h
-
18
5h
54
5h
-
36
5h
18
5h
-

36
3
5h
h
108
12
5h
-
36
Length = 1
yz
zz v
z ij 2
5h
h z
zzz jjj
108
12 z
zz jjj q2
zz jj
5h
zz jj v3
- 36
zzz jj
zz k q
z 3
h3
5h z
+ 54 {
12
5h
36
1
yz ijjj - 2
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz = jj
zz jj 1
zzz jjj -
z jj 2
{ jk 0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

5h
ij
jj 18
jj
jj 5 h
jj 36
jj
jj 5 h
jj -
jj 18
jj
jjj 5 h
k 36
5h

36
h3
12
5h
-
18
5h
54
5h
-
36
5h
-

36
5h
18
3
5h
h
108
12
5h
-
36
Length = 1
yz
zz v
zz ij 3
5h
h3 z
zz jjj
jq
108
12 z
zzz jjj 3
zz jj v
5h
- 36
zzz jjjj 4
zz
z k q4
3
h
5h z
z
12
54 {
5h
36
1
yz ijjj - 2
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz = jj
zz jj 1
zz jj -
zzz jj 2
j
{ jk 0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

Node
dof
Value
v1
q1
0
0
v2
v4
47
h
5h
jij 6 + 27
jj
jj 5 h
jj -
jj 36
jj
jj 5 h
h3
jj -
jj 108
12
jj
jjj
k0
3
zyz
zz i q2 y i 0 y
zz jj zz jj
z
zzz jjj v zzz jjj -1 zzzz
zz jj 3 zz jj
zz
zz jj zz = jj
z
5h
h3 z
zz jjj q3 zzz jjj 0 zzzz
z
j
j
z
108
12 z
zzz q
zz k 4 { k 0 {
h3
5h z
+ 54 {
12
5h
-

36
h
5h
108
12
5h
5h
36
h
5h
6
27
5h

36
5h
h
108
12
1620
18 H729 h 6 + 9720 h 4 + 12825 h 2 + 3250L
9q2 = -
, v3 = -
,
4
2
h H81 h + 990 h + 550L
5 h H1458 h 6 + 18225 h 4 + 14850 h 2 + 2750L
54 H81 h 4 + 45 h 2 - 50L
108 H81 h 4 + 450 h 2 + 175L
=
=
,
q
q3 =
4
h H18 h 2 + 5L H81 h 4 + 990 h 2 + 550L
h H1458 h 6 + 18225 h 4 + 14850 h 2 + 2750L

Range
Displacement
0x1
1x2
13122 x h
13122 h
34992 x h
-
5 H1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850 h2 +2750L

5 H1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850 h2 +2750L
1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850 h2 +2750
2x3
13122 x h
39366 h
34992 x h
5 H1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850 h2 +2750L

5 H1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850 h2 +2750L
1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850 h2 +2750
Bending moment
1
2
3
135 h
-
81 h4 +990 h2 +550
1
4374 h
2430 h
2700
1620
h 3 I
+
M
12
H18 h2 +5L H81 h4 +990 h2 +550L
H18 h2 +5L H81 h4 +990 h2 +550L
H18 h2 +5L H81 h4 +990 h2 +550L h
H81 h4 +990 h2 +550L h
3
1
4374 h
8748 h
2430 h
48600 h
h 3 I-
12
H18 h2 +5L H81 h4 +990 h2 +550L
1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850 h2 +2750
H18 h2 +5L H81 h4 +990 h2 +550L
1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850
3
Shear force
1
450 x
81 h4 +990 h2 +550
729 h
1215 x h
1215 h
9720 h
-
1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850 h2 +2750

H18 h2 +5L H81 h4 +990 h2 +550L
H18 h2 +5L H81 h4 +990 h2 +550L
1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850 h2 +2750
729 h
1215 x h
2430 x h
3645 h
1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850 h2 +2750

H18 h2 +5L H81 h4 +990 h2 +550L
1458 h6 +18225 h4 +14850 h2 +2750
H18 h2 +5L H81 h4 +990 h2 +550L
Using the conventional beam element
Element ends = H0, 1L;
Length, L = 1
48
Multifield Beams
h3
I = ;
12
E = 1;
ij h 3
jj
jj
jjj
h3
jj 2
jj
jj
jj 3
jj -h
jj
jj 3
j h
k 2
-h 3
h
-
yz
zz
zz i v1 y i 0 y
zj z j z
h3
6 zzzz jjjj q1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zzz jjj zzz = jjj zzz
z jj zz jj zz
h3 z
-
2 zzz jjj v2 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz
zzz k q2 { k 0 {
h3
3 {
3
3
3
h
-
2
3
h3
3
q=0
h
-

h
I = ;
12
E = 1;
3
jij h
jj
jj 3
jj
h
jj 2
jj
jj
jj -h 3
jj
jj
jj 3
j h
k 2
Length, L = 1
-h 3
h3
2
h
1
zyz
zz i v2 y jijj - 2
zz j z jj
h
1
zzzz jjjj q2 zzzz jjj -
6
zz jj zz = jjj 12
z jj zz jj 1
3 z
j z
h z
-
zz jjj v3 zzz jjjj - 2
2 z
zz
j
zzz k q3 { jj 1
h3
k 12
3 {
3
2
3
- 2
3
h
-
2
3
h3
3
q = -1
h
-
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

h
I = ;
12
E = 1;
3
jij h
jj
jj 3
jj
h
jj 2
jj
jj
jj -h 3
jj
jj
jj 3
j h
k 2
Length, L = 1
-h 3
2
h
1
zyz
zz i v3 y jijj - 2
zz j z jj
h
1
zzzz jjjj q3 zzzz jjj -
6
zz jj zz = jjj 12
z jj zz jj 1
3 z
j z
h z
-
zz jjj v4 zzz jjjj - 2
2 z
zz
j
z
zz k q4 { jj 1
h3
k 12
3 {
3
2
3
h
-
2
3
h
-
2
3
q = -1
h3
3
h
-
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

Node
dof
Value
v1
q1
0
0
v2
v4
49
2h
jij 3
jj
jj
jj -
h3
jj 2
jj
jj 3
jj
jj h6
jj
jj
j
k0
3
h
-
2h
0
3
2h
0
3
zyz
1
zz i q2 y ij -
z j z jj 12
z
j
z
h z
j
z
j
z
2 zz jj v3 zz jjj -1
zz jj zz = jj
z jj zz jj
j z
h3 z
6 zzzz jjj q3 zzz jjjj 0
zz
j 1
z
z k q4 { jk
h3 z
12
3 {
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

12
31
4
28
:q2 = - 3 , v3 = - 3 , q3 = - 3 , q4 = 3 >
11 h
22 h
11 h
11 h
Since the bending deformations in both the Timoshenko and the conventional beam are the same one
would expect the Timoshenko beam element to give larger deformations than the conventional beam
element. In the following plot the two solutions are compared for various values of h. For h 0.75, the
Timoshenko beam element solution is larger than the conventional beam element. However as the beam
becomes thin, say h < 0.75, the Timoshenko beam element results do not make physical sense. A plot for
.1 h 0.5 shows even more dramatically the difference between the two solutions.
v3
h
-1
-2
-3
-4
Timoshenko
-5
-6
-7
Conventional
50
Multifield Beams
v3
h
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
-100
-200
Timoshenko
-300
-400
Conventional
-500
4.8
Solve problem 4.1 using the mixed beam element for TBT.
The superscripts L and R on the rotations and shear terms indicate the side of the node on which these
quantities are defined.
v1 =0
v2 =0
q2L
q1
M1 =0
v3
q2R
q3 =0
M2
L
M3
L2
51
R1
-F2
R2
VL2
VR2
V1
V3
L
L2

L
1
+
jij
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
1
jj -
kGA L
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj L
jj
jj 1
k - L
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
L1
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L1
V1
- L1 yz
+ q1 yz
zz i M1 y ijjj
kGA
zz
z
z
j
zz
j
zz jj
z
1
j
L
V2
L zzz jj M2 zzz jjj
L z
+ q2 zzzz
z = jj kGA
zz jjj
z
zz jj
zz
zj
zz
0 zzzz jjjj v1 zzzz jjj V1
zz
jj
zz
zz
zz k v2 { jj L
z
0 {
{
k V2

L
2
ij
+
kGA L
jj 6 EI
jj L
jj - 2
jj 12 EI
kGA L
jj
jj 2
jj
jj L
jj
j 2
k - L
L
2
12 EI
kGA L
L2
L
2
6 EI
kGA L
- L2
- L2
L2
- L2 yz
zz i M2
zz jj
L2 zzzz jjj M3
zzz jjjj
0 zzzz jjjj v2
zzz v
zk
0 { 3
i V2 + qR zy
2 z
yz jjjj
kGA
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj V3
zz
+
q
zz = jj
zz
3
zz jj kGA
zz
zz
zzz jjj R
zz
z jj V2
zz
j
z
j
{
{
k V3
R

L
1
ij
+
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
1
jj -
jj 6 EI
kGA L
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj L
jj
jj 1
jj -
jj L
jj
jj
k0
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
2 EI
12 EI
kGA L
kGA L
L1
- L1
- L1
L3
- L2
L
2
12 EI
kGA L
L
2
6 EI
kGA L
- L2
L2
- L1
L3
- L2
- L2
L2
yz
zz
zz i M1
zzz jjj
zz jj M2
zzz jjj
zz jj M
zzz jjj 3
zz jj
zzz jjj v1
zz jj
zz jj v2
zz jj
zz j
zz k v3
zz
{
V1
ij
+ q1
yz jjjj kGA
zz jj V2L +V2R +kGA IqL2 +qR2 M
zz jj
zz jj
kGA
zz jj
zz jj V3
zz = jj + q3
zz jj kGA
zzz jjj
zz jj V1
zz jj
zz jj L
z jj V2 + V2R
{ jj
k V3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
52
Multifield Beams
L
1
+
jij
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
1
jj -
kGA L
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jjj L
jj
jjj 1
jj - L
jj
jj
j0
k
1
L
6 EI
kGA L
2 EI
12 EI
kGA L
kGA L
L1
- L1
- L1
L3
- L2
L
2
12 EI
kGA L
L
2
6 EI
kGA L
- L2
L2
- L1
L3
- L2
- L2
L2
zyz
zz i 0
zz j
zz jj
zz jj M2
zzz jjj
zz jj M
zzz jjj 3
zz jj
zzz jjj 0
zz jj
zzz jjj 0
zz jj
zz v
zz k 3
z
{
V1
+ q1
jij
kGA
zyz jjjj VL +VR +kGA IqL +qR M
zz jj 2 2
2
2
zz jj
kGA
zz jj
zz jj V
zz jj 3
zz = jj kGA
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj V1
zzz jjj L
zz jj V + VR
2
{ jjj 2
k V3
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
equal. Thus we have
qiL + qiR = 0
L
1
ij
+
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj - 1
jj 6 EI
kGA L
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj L
jj
jj 1
jj -
jj L
jj
jj
k0
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
2 EI
12 EI
12 EI
kGA L
kGA L
6 EI
kGA L
2
+
kGA L
L1
- L1
- L1
L3
- L2
- L1
L3
- L2
- L2
L2
yz
zz
zi0
2 z
- L zzzz jjjj
zz jj M2
zj
L2 zzzz jjjj M3
zz jj
zz jj
0 zzz jjj 0
zz jj
zz jj 0
0 zzzz jjj
zz k v3
z
0 z{
0
R1
ij q1 -
kGA
yz jjj
zz jjj R2
zz jj -
zz jj kGA
zz jj F
zz jj
zz = jj 2 kGA
zz jj
zzz jjj -R1
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj -R2
z jj
{ j F
k
2

yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
53
-6
jij 4.51769 10
jj
jj
jj 2.24363 10-6
jj
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj 240
jj
jjj
1
jj -
jj 240
jj
j0
k
2.24363 10-6
-6
0
-6
240
1
-
240
80
1
-
120
6.79175 10
1.1066 10
1
-
240
1.1066 10-6
2.27406 10-6
1
-
120
120
1
-
240
80
1
-
120
-
120
120
zyz
zz i 0
zz j
zz jj
zz jj M2
zzz jjj
zz jj M
zzz jjj 3
zz jj
zzz jjj 0
zz jj
zzz jjj 0
zz jj
zz v
zz k 3
z
{
i q - 2.43408 10-6 R1 yz
zyz jjj 1
zz
zz jj
zz jj -2.43408 10-6 R2 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0.0000243408
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj -R1
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zzz jjj -R2
zz
zz jj
z
{ k 10
{

8M2 =-360., M3 =840., R1 =-1.5, R2 =11.5, v3 =-0.178499, q1 =-0.000811359<
follows.
Range
MHxL
0 x 240.
-1.5 x
1.5
240. x 360.
10. x - 2760.
-10.
4.9
Superscripts L and R on the rotations and shear terms indicate values at the left side and right side of the
node respectively.
54
Multifield Beams
v1 =0
v2 =0
q2L
q1 =0
M1
q2R
q3L
M2
-F
R2
VL2
VR2
VL3
R4
VR3
V1
V4
L
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
L1
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L1
- L1 yz
zz i M1
zz jj
L1 zzzz jjj M2
zzz jjjj
0 zzzz jjjj v1
zzz v
zk
0 { 2
V1
i
+ q1 yz
zz
yz jjjj kGA
z
zz jj VL
zz jj 2 + qL zzzz
zz = jj kGA
2 z
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj V
zz
z jj 1
zz
zz
j
j
{
L
{
k V2
- L1 yz
zz i M2
zz jj
L1 zzzz jjj M3
zz jjj
zj
0 zzzz jjjj v2
zzz v
zk
0 { 3
V2
ij
+ q2R yzz
zz
yz jjjj kGA
z
zz jj VL
zz jj 3 + qL zzzz
zz = jj kGA
3 z
zz jj
zzz
zz jj R
zz
zz jj V
zz
zz
j 2
zz
{ jjj L
V
{
k 3
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
L1
1
L
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L1
q4
M4 =0
R1
L
1
ij
+
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj - 1
jj 6 EI
kGA L
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
j 1
k - L
q3R
M3
L
1
ij
+
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj - 1
jj 6 EI
kGA L
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
j 1
k - L
v4 =0
v3
55
L
1
+
jij
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
1
jj -
kGA L
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj L
jj
jj 1
k - L
1
L
6 EI
kGA L
L1
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L1
V3R
- L1 yz
+ q3R yzz
zz i M3 y ijjj
kGA
zz
z
z
j
j
zz jj
z
1
zz
j
L zzz jj M4 zzz jjj V4
zz
+
q
z
j
j
4
zz jj
z
zzz
j
kGA
zz jj v zzz = jjj
zz
z
0 zz jjj 3 zzz jj VR
zz
zz
z j
zz
zz
zz k v4 { jjj 3
0 {
V
{
k 4

L
1
ij
+
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj - 1
jj 6 EI
kGA L
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj - 1
jj L
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
j
k0
ij M1
jj
jj M2
jj
jj
jjj M3
jj
jj M
jj 4
jj
jj v1
jj
jj
jj v2
jj
jj
jj v3
jj
k v4
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
L1
- L1
2L
2
3 EI
kGA L
L
1
-

6 EI
kGA L
- L1
L2
- L1
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
2L
2
+

3 EI
kGA L
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
- L1
L2
L
1
-

6 EI
kGA L
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
V1
ij
+ q1
jj kGA
yz jjj VL
V2R
zz jjj 2 +
+ q2L + q2R
zz jj kGA
kGA
zz jj
zz jj VL
V3R
zz jj 3 +
+ q3L + q3R
zz jj kGA
kGA
zz jj
zz jj V
zz = jj 4 + q4
zz jj kGA
zz jj
zz jj V
zz jj 1
zz jj
zzz jjj VL + VR
2
zz jj 2
zz jjj L
R
V
+
V
j
{ jj 3
3
j
k V4
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
yz
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
z
- L1 zzzz
zz
zz
L1 zzz
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
0 zzz
zz
zz
0 {
0
56
Multifield Beams
L
1
+
jij
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
1
jj -
kGA L
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj 1
jjj - L
jj
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
ij M1
jj
jj M2
jj
jj
jj M3
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj v
jj 3
j
k0
1
L
6 EI
kGA L
2L
3 EI
6 EI
kGA L

kGA L
L1
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
2L
2
+

3 EI
kGA L
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
- L1
L2
L
1
-

6 EI
kGA L
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
V1
jij
jj kGA
yz jj VL
V2R
zz jjj 2 +
+ q2L + q2R
zz jj kGA
kGA
zz jj
zz jj VL
V3R
zz jj 3 +
+ q3L + q3R
zz jj kGA
kGA
zz jj
zz jj V
zz = jj 4 + q4
zz jj kGA
zz jj
zz jj V
zzz jjj 1
zz jj L
zzz jjj V2 + V2R
zz jj
z jj L
R
{ jjj V3 + V3
j
k V4
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
z
- L1 zzzz
zz
z
L1 zzzz
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
0 zzz
zz
zz
0 {
0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
equal. Thus we have
qiL + qiR = 0 i = 2, 3
57
L
1
+
jij
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
1
jj -
kGA L
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj 1
jjj - L
jj
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
1
L
6 EI
kGA L
2L
3 EI
6 EI
kGA L

kGA L
L1
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz jij M1
zz jjj M
zj 2
- L1 zzzz jjj
zz jjj M3
zj
L1 zzzz jjjj 0
zz jj
zz j
0 zzzz jjjj 0
zz jjj
zj0
0 zzzz jjj
zz jjj v3
zz j
0 zzz j 0
zz k
zz
0 {
0
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
2L
2
+

3 EI
kGA L
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
- L1
L2
L
1
-

6 EI
kGA L
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
R1
jij -
kGA
zyz jjjj R2
zz jj -
zz jj kGA
zz jj
zz jj F
zz jj
zz jj kGA
zz jj
R4
zz jj q -
zz = jj 4 kGA
zzz jjj
zz jj -R1
zzz jjj
zz jj -R
2
zzz jjj
zz jj
z jj F
{ jj
k -R4
Substituting the numerical data (k-in units) we get

ij 3.94608 10-6
jj
jj
jj 1.93627 10-6
jj
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj 120
jj
jj - 1
jj 120
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
j
k0
ij M1
jj
jj M2
jj
jj
jjj M3
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj v3
jj
k0
1.93627 10-6
120
1
-
120
7.89216 10-6
1.93627 10-6
1
-
120
60
1
-
120
1.93627 10-6
7.89216 10-6
1.93627 10-6
1
-
120
60
1.93627 10-6
3.94608 10-6
1
-
120
1
-
120
60
1
-
120
-
120
60
1
-
120
1
-
120
120
-6
zyz
yz jij -2.94118 10 R1
zz
zz jjj
zz
zz jj -2.94118 10-6 R
zz
2
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0.000147059
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj q - 2.94118 10-6 R zzzz
zz = jj 4
4 z
zz
zzz jjj
zz
zz jj -R1
zz
zz
zzz jjj
zz
zz jj -R2
zzz
zzz jjj
zz
zz jj 50
zzz
zz jjj
z
{ k -R4
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
1 z
-
zzz
120 z
zz
zz
1
zz
zz
120
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
z
0
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
58
Multifield Beams

88M2. -1636.36, M3. 2181.82, M1. 818.182,
R1. -20.4545, R2. 52.2727, R4. 18.1818, v3. -0.834225, q4. 0.0112299<<
4.10
v1 =0
v2 =0
q2L
q1 =0
M1
q2R
q3L
M2
q3R
M4 =0
R1
R3 =0
R2
VL2
VR2
VL3
R4
VR3
V1
V4
L
1
L
6 EI
kGA L
L1
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L1
q4
M3
L
1
+
jij
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
1
jj -
kGA L
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj L
jj
jj 1
k - L
v4 =0
v3
V1
- L1 yz
+ q1 yz
zz i M1 y ijjj
kGA
zz
z
z
j
zz
j
zz jj
z
1
j
L
V2
L zzz jj M2 zzz jjj
L z
+ q2 zzzz
zz = jj kGA
zz jjj
zz jj
zz
zj
zz
0 zzzz jjjj v1 zzzz jjj V1
zz
jj
zz j
zz
zz k v2 { jj L
z
0 {
{
k V2
59

L
1
+
jij
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
1
jj
-
kGA L
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj L
jj
jj 1
k - L
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
L1
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L1
V2
ij
+ q2R
- L1 yz
zz i M2 y jjjj kGA
z
z
j
zj
z j V3L
L1 zzzz jjj M3 zzz jjjj
+ q3L
z j kGA
zz jjj
zz jj v zzzz = jjjj
Lq
0 zzz jjj 2 zzz jj VR +
j 2
zz
2
zz k v3 { jjjj
Lq
j VL +
0 {
k 3
2
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
V3
ij
+ q3R
yz jjjj kGA
zz jj V4
zz jj + q4
zz = jj kGA
zz jj
Lq
zzz jjj VR +
z jj 3
2
j
j
{ j Lq
k 2 + V4
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

L
1
ij
+
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj - 1
jj 6 EI
kGA L
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
j 1
k - L
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
L1
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L1
- L1 yz
zz i M3
zz jj
L1 zzzz jjj M4
zzz jjjj
0 zzzz jjjj v3
zz
zz k v
0 { 4
60
Multifield Beams
L
1
+
jij
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
1
jj -
kGA L
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj 1
jjj - L
jj
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
M
jij 1
jj M
jj 2
jj
jj M
jj 3
jj
jj M
jj 4
jj
jj v1
jj
jj
jj v2
jjj
jj v
jj 3
j
k v4
1
L
6 EI
kGA L
2L
3 EI
6 EI
kGA L

kGA L
L1
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
2L
2
+

3 EI
kGA L
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
- L1
L2
L
1
-

6 EI
kGA L
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
V1
ij
+ q1
jj kGA
jj L
V2
V2R
zyz jjjj
+
+ q2L + q2R
zz jj kGA
kGA
zz jj
zz jj VL
V3R
zz jj 3 +
+ q3L + q3R
zz jj kGA
kGA
zz jj
zz jj V4
zz jj + q4
zz = jj kGA
zz jj
zz jj V
zz jj 1
zz jj
zz jj L
Lq
zz jj V2 + V2R +
2
zz jj
zz jj L
R
j
{ jjj V3 + V3 + L q
jj L q
k 2 + V4
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
z
- L1 zzzz
zz
z
L1 zzzz
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
0 zzz
zz
zz
0 {
0
61
L
1
+
jij
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
1
jj -
kGA L
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj 1
jjj - L
jj
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
1
L
6 EI
kGA L
2L
3 EI
6 EI
kGA L

kGA L
L1
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
2L
2
+

3 EI
kGA L
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
- L1
L2
L
1
-

6 EI
kGA L
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
V1
ij
jj kGA
j
j
L
M
V2
V2R
jij 1 zyz jjjj
+
+ q2L + q2R
jj M zz jj kGA
kGA
jj 2 zz jj
z
jj
V3L
V3R
jj M zzz jjjj
+
+ q3L + q3R
jj 3 zz jj kGA
kGA
zz jj
jj
jj 0 zz jj V4
zz jj + q4
jj
z=
jj
jj 0 zzz jjjj kGA
zz jj V
jj
1
z
jj
jj 0 zzz jjjj
zz jj L
jj
Lq
V + V2R +
z
jj
2
jj v3 zzz jjjj 2
zz jj L
jj
R
j
k 0 { jjj V3 + V3 + L q
jj L q
k 2 + V4
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
z
- L1 zzzz
zz
z
L1 zzzz
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
0 zzz
zz
zz
0 {
0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
equal. Thus we have
qiL + qiR = 0 i = 2, 3
62
Multifield Beams
L
1
+
jij
kGA L
jj 3 EI
jj L
1
jj -
kGA L
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj 1
jjj - L
jj
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
1
L
6 EI
kGA L
2L
3 EI
6 EI
kGA L

kGA L
L1
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz jij M1
zz jjj M
zj 2
- L1 zzzz jjj
zz jjj M3
zj
L1 zzzz jjjj 0
zz jj
zz j
0 zzzz jjjj 0
zz jjj
zj0
0 zzzz jjj
zz jjj v3
zz j
0 zzz j 0
zz k
zz
0 {
0
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
2L
2
+

3 EI
kGA L
L
1
6 EI
kGA L
- L1
L2
L
1
-

6 EI
kGA L
L
1
3 EI
kGA L
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
R1
ij -
jj kGA
zyz jjj R2
zz jj -
zz jj kGA
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj
R4
zz jj q -
zz jj 4 kGA
zz = jj
zzz jjj -R1
zz jj
zzz jjj L q
zz jj - R2
zzz jjj 2
zz jj L q
z jj
{ jjj L q
k 2 - R4
Substituting the numerical data we get

ij 3.94608 10-6
jj
jj
jj 1.93627 10-6
jj
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj 120
jj
jj - 1
jj 120
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
j
k0
ij M1
jj
jj M2
jj
jj
jjj M3
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj v3
jj
k0
1.93627 10-6
120
1
-
120
7.89216 10-6
1.93627 10-6
1
-
120
60
1
-
120
1.93627 10-6
7.89216 10-6
1.93627 10-6
1
-
120
60
1.93627 10-6
3.94608 10-6
1
-
120
1
-
120
60
1
-
120
-
120
60
1
-
120
1
-
120
120
-6
zyz
yz jij -2.94118 10 R1
zz
zz jjj
zz
zz jj -2.94118 10-6 R
zz
2
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj q - 2.94118 10-6 R zzzz
zz = jj 4
4 z
zz
zzz jjj
zz
zz jj -R1
zz
zz
zzz jjj
zz
zz jj 10 - R2
zzz
zzz jjj
zz
zz jj 20
zzz
zz jjj
z
{ k 10 - R4
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
1 z
-
zzz
120 z
zz
zz
1
zz
zz
120
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
z
0
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
63

88M2. -660., M3. 870., M1. 330., R1. -8.25, R2. 31., R4. 17.25, v3. -0.335294, q4. 0.00452941<<
4.11
Use three equal length beam elements to analyze the beam shown in the figure. Assume
F = 500 lb, q = 1000 lb ft, E = 29 106 lb in2 , I = 375 in4 , L = 5 ft.
Compare solutions obtained by using the mixed formulation beam element and the conventional beam
element.
2L
v1 =0
v3 =0
v2
q2L
q1 =0
M1
q2R
q3L
M2
L
v4
q3R
q4
M4 =0
M3
L
64
Multifield Beams
R2 =0
R1
VL2
-F
R3
VR2
VL3
VR3
V1
V4
L

L
jij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj L
jj
jj 1
k - L
6 EI
L1
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L1
- L1 yz
zz i M1 y ijj q1
zz jj
zz jj L
1
L zzzz jjj M2 zzz jjj q2
z j
j
zz jj
Lq
zz jj v zzzz = jjjj
z
zz jj 2 + V1
j
1
0 zz jj
zz jj
zz
Lq
z k v { jj VL +
0 z{ 2
k 2
2
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zzz
{
- L1 yz
zz i M2
zz jj
L1 zzzz jjj M3
zz jjj
zj
0 zzzz jjjj v2
zzz v
zk
0 { 3
i qR
yz jjjj 2
zz jj L
zz jj q3
zz = jj
zz jj R L q
zz jj V2 +
zz jj
2
j
Lq
{ j VL +
k 3
2
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
- L1 yz
zz i M3
zz jj
L1 zzzz jjj M4
zz jjj
zj
0 zzzz jjjj v3
zz
zz k v
0 { 4
R
yz ijj q3
zz jj
zz jj q4
zz = jj
zz jj R
zz jj V
zzz jj 3
j
{ k V4

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
j 1
k - L
6 EI
L1
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L1

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
j 1
k - L
6 EI
L1
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L1
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
65
jij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj 1
jjj - L
jj
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
L1
- L1
6 EI
- L1
L2
- L1
6 EI
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
6 EI
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
6 EI
2L
3 EI
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz jij M1
zz jjj M
zj 2
- L1 zzzz jjj
zz jjj M3
zj
L1 zzzz jjjj M4
zz jj
zz j
0 zzzz jjjj v1
zz jjj
zjv
0 zzzz jjj 2
zz jjj v3
zz j
0 zzz j v
zz k 4
zz
0 {
0
ij q1
j
zyz jjj qL + qR
zz jj 2
2
zz jj
zz jj L
zz jj q3 + q3R
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj q4
zz jj
zz = jj L q
zzz jjj 2 + V1
zz jj
zzz jjj VL + VR + L q
zz jj 2
2
zzz jjj L
Lq
zz jj V + VR +

z jj 3
3
2
j
{ j
k V4
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
i0
yz jjjj L
zz jj q2 + q2R
zz jj
zz jj L
zz jj q + qR
zz jj 3
3
zz jj
zz jj q4
zz jj
zz = jj L q
zz jj + V
zz jj 2
1
zz jj
zz jj L
zz jj V2 + V2R + L q
zzz jjj
zz jj L
Lq
R
zz jjj V3 + V3 + 2
{ jj
k V4
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{

L
ij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jjj L
jj
jj - 1
jj L
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
j
k0
6 EI
L1
- L1
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
- L1
6 EI
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
6 EI
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
yz
zz
zz
0 zzzz ijj M1
zz jjj M
zj 2
- L1 zzzz jjj
zz jjj M3
zz j
1
L zzz jjjj 0
zz jj
zz j
0 zzzz jjjj 0
zzz jjjj v
0 zzzz jjj 2
zz jjj 0
zz j
0 zzz j v
zz k 4
zz
0 {
0
equal. Thus we have
qiL + qiR = 0
66
Multifield Beams
jij
jj 3 EI
jj L
jj
jj 6 EI
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jj L
jj
jj 1
jjj - L
jj
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
L1
- L1
6 EI
- L1
L2
- L1
6 EI
2L
3 EI
6 EI
- L1
L2
6 EI
3 EI
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L2
- L1
- L1
L1
6 EI
2L
3 EI
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz jij M1
zz jjj M
zj 2
- L1 zzzz jjj
zz jjj M3
zj
L1 zzzz jjjj 0
zz jj
zz j
0 zzzz jjjj 0
zz jjj
zjv
0 zzzz jjj 2
zz jjj 0
zz j
0 zzz j v
zz k 4
zz
0 {
0
i0
zyz
zyz jjjj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj q
zz
zz jj 4
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj L q
z
zzz jjj 2 - R1 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz
zzz jjj L q
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj L q
zz jj 2 - R3 zzzz
z jj
zzz
{ jk F
{

1
ij

jj 543750
jj
1
jj
jj 1087500
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 1
jj
jjj 60
jj
jj - 1
jj 60
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
j
k0
1087500
60
1
-
60

271875
1087500
1
-
60
30
1
-
60
1087500

271875
1087500
1
-
60
30
1087500
543750
1
-
60
1
-
60
30
1
-
60
-
60
30
1
-
60
1
-
60
60
yz
zz
zz M
zz ij 1
0
zz jj
zz jj M
1 z
zz jjj 2
-
zz jjj M3
60 z
zz jj
zz jj
1
zz jj 0
60
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 0
0
zzz jjj
zz jj v2
zz jj
0
zzz jjj 0
zz jj
zz j
0
zz v
zz k 4
zz
0
{
0
i0
zyz
yz jjjj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj q
zz
zz jj 4
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj 5
zz jj 2 - R1 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 5
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 5
zz jj - R zzzz
3 z
zz jj 2
zz
z jj
zz
{ j 1
{
k 2

8M3 =-30., M1 =-97.5, M2 =86.25, R1 =5.5625, R3 =4.9375, v2 =-0.006, v4 =0.00413793, q4 =0.0000413793<
follows.
67
0 x 240.
0.40625 Hx - 240.L + 0.359375 x
-0.765625
240. x 360.
318.75 - 0.96875 x
0.96875
Range
MHxL
Use k-in units

Node
dof
Value
v4
- 12

ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i v1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj q1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj v2
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj q2
zz jj
0 0 zzz jjj v3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj q3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj v4
zj
0 0 { k q4
yz ijj 0
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz = jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj 1
zz jj -
zz jj 2
z jj
{ k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{

E = 29000;
604.167
jij
jj 18125.
jj
jj
jj -604.167
jj
jj
k 18125.
I = 375;
Length, L = 60.
1
q = -
12
-604.167 18125. y i v1 y i -2.5 y

zz jj zz jj
zz
725000. -18125. 362500. zzzz jjjj q1 zzzz jjjj -25. zzzz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
-18125. 604.167
-18125. zzzz jjjj v2 zzzz jjjj -2.5 zzzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
362500. -18125. 725000. { k q2 { k 25. {
18125.

68
Multifield Beams
ij 604.167
jj
jj 18125.
jj
jj
jj -604.167
jj
jj
jj 18125.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0 y i v1
zz jj
362500. 0 0 0 0 zzzz jjjj q1
zz jj
-18125. 0 0 0 0 zzzz jjjj v2
zz jj
725000. 0 0 0 0 zzzz jjjj q2
zj
0
zz jj
0
zz jj
0
zj
0
0 0 0 0 { k q4
18125.
-604.167 18125.
725000.
-18125.
-18125. 604.167
362500.
-18125.
yz jij -2.5 zyz

zz jj
zz jj -25. zzzz
zz jj
zz jj -2.5 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj 25. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj 1 zzzz
zz jj - zz
zz jj 2 zz
z jj
zz
{ k0
{

E = 29000;
ij 604.167
jj
jj 18125.
jj
jj
jj -604.167
jj
k 18125.
Length, L = 60.
1
q = -
12
I = 375;
-604.167 18125. y i v2 y i -2.5 y

zz jj zz jj
zz
725000. -18125. 362500. zzzz jjjj q2 zzzz jjjj -25. zzzz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
-18125. 604.167
-18125. zzzz jjjj v3 zzzz jjjj -2.5 zzzz
zj z j
z
362500. -18125. 725000. { k q3 { k 25. {
18125.

ij 604.167
jj
jj 18125.
jj
jj
jj -604.167
jj
jj
jj 18125.
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
18125.
-604.167 18125.
725000.
-18125.
362500.
-18125. 1208.33
362500.
1.45 106
-604.167 -18125.
18125.
362500.
0 0 y i v1 y ij -2.5 yz
zz jj zz jj
zz
0
0
0 0 zzzz jjjj q1 zzzz jjjj -25. zzzz
zz jj zz jj
zz
-604.167 18125.
0 0 zzzz jjj v2 zzz jjj -5. zzz
zz
zz jjj zzz jjj
zz
z
zz
-18125. 362500. 0 0 zzz jjjj q2 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
z
z
j
-2.5
j
zz
604.167
-18125. 0 0 zzz jjj v3 zzz jj
zz
zz jj zz jjj
-18125. 725000. 0 0 zzzz jjj q3 zzz jjj 25. zzzz
zz jj zz jj 1 zz
0
0
0 0 zzz jjjj v4 zzzz jjjj - 2 zzzz
zz j z jj
zz
0
0
0 0 { k q4 { k 0
{
0

E = 29000;
ij 604.167
jj
jj 18125.
jj
jj
jj -604.167
jj
k 18125.
I = 375;
Length, L = 60.
q=0
-604.167 18125. y i v3 y i 0 y
zz jj zz jj zz
-18125. 362500. zzzz jjjj q3 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj zz = jj zz
-18125. 604.167
zj z j z
362500. -18125. 725000. { k q4 { k 0 {
18125.
725000.
69

ij 604.167
jj
jj 18125.
jj
jj
jj -604.167
jj
jj
jj 18125.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
18125.
-604.167 18125.
725000.
-18125.
0
0
yz i v1
zz jjj
zz jj q
0
0
zzz jjj 1
zz jj
0
0
zzz jjj v2
zz jj
0
0
zzz jjj q2
zz jj
-604.167 18125. zzzz jjj v3
zz jjj
z
-18125. 362500. zzzz jjjj q3
zz jj
604.167
-18125. zzz jjj v4
zz j
-18125. 725000. { k q4
0
362500.
-18125. 1208.33
-604.167 18125.
362500.
1.45 106
-18125.
362500.
-604.167 -18125.
1208.33
18125.
362500.
1.45 106
-604.167 -18125.
18125.
362500.

Node
dof
Value
v1
q1
0
0
v3

ij 1208.33
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 18125.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
18125.
1.45 106
362500.
362500.
1.45 106
-18125.
362500.
yz i v2
zz jjj
zz jj q
zzz jjj 2
zz j
-18125. 362500. zzz jjjj q3
zz jj
604.167 -18125. zzzz jjj v4
zz j
-18125. 725000. { k q4
0
yz ij -5. yz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz = jj 25. zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj -0.5 zzz
zz jj
zz
{ k0
{
8v2 = -0.00703448, q2 = -0.0000482759, q3 = 0.000193103, v4 = 0.00827586, q4 = 0.000110345<

v
-0.00703448
-0.0000482759
0.000193103
0.00827586
0.000110345

Left node: x1 = 0.;
yz ijj -2.5 yzz

zz jj
zz jj -25. zzzz
zz jj
zz jj -5. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
zzz jjj -2.5 zzzz
zz jj
z
zzz jjj 25. zzzz
zz jj
z
zzz jjj 1 zzzz
zz jj - 2 zz
zz
zz jjj
z
{ k0
{
70
Multifield Beams
Length, L = 60.
0.000833333 Hx + 0.L2 - 9.25926 10-6 Hx + 0.L3 , 0.000277778 Hx + 0.L3 - 0.0166667 Hx + 0.L2 =
Nodal values: d T = 80, 0, -0.00703448, -0.0000482759<

vHxL = NT d = 5.17241 10-8 x3 - 5.05747 10-6 x2
1
12

H60. - xL2 Hx + 0.L2

3132000000

x4
vHxL = -
+ 9.00383 10-8 x3 - 6.2069 10-6 x2 + 0. x + 0.

3132000000
E = 29000;
I = 375;
h = 1;
Q = 1;
t=1
x
MHxL = EId2 vdx2 = - + 5.875 x - 135.
24
x
VHxL = dMdx = 5.875 -
12
x2
s = M Hh2LI = - + 0.00783333 x - 0.18
18000
x
t = VQHItL = 0.0156667 -
4500

Length, L = 60.

NT = 99.25926 10-6 Hx - 60.L3 - 0.000833333 Hx - 60.L2 + 1,
0.000277778 Hx - 60.L3 - 0.0333333 Hx - 60.L2 + x - 60.,
0.000833333 Hx - 60.L2 - 9.25926 10-6 Hx - 60.L3 , 0.000277778 Hx - 60.L3 - 0.0166667 Hx - 60.L2 =
Nodal values: d T = 8-0.00703448, -0.0000482759, 0, 0.000193103<
vHxL = NT d = -2.49042 10-8 x3 + 8.73563 10-6 x2 - 0.000827586 x + 0.0165517
71
1
12
H120. - xL2 Hx - 60.L2

3132000000

x4
+ 9.00383 10-8 x3 - 6.2069 10-6 x2 + 4.33681 10-19 x - 1.38778 10-17

vHxL = -
3132000000
E = 29000;
I = 375;
h = 1;
Q = 1;
t=1
x
MHxL = EId2 vdx2 = - + 5.875 x - 135.
24
x
VHxL = dMdx = 5.875 -
12
x2
s = M Hh2LI = - + 0.00783333 x - 0.18
18000
x
t = VQHItL = 0.0156667 -
4500

Length, L = 60.

NT = 99.25926 10-6 Hx - 120.L3 - 0.000833333 Hx - 120.L2 + 1,
0.000277778 Hx - 120.L3 - 0.0333333 Hx - 120.L2 + x - 120.,
0.000833333 Hx - 120.L2 - 9.25926 10-6 Hx - 120.L3 , 0.000277778 Hx - 120.L3 - 0.0166667 Hx - 120.L2 =
Nodal values: d T = 80, 0.000193103, 0.00827586, 0.000110345<
vHxL = NT d = 7.66284 10-9 x3 - 4.13793 10-6 x2 + 0.000855172 x - 0.0562759

E = 29000;
I = 375;
h = 1;
MHxL = EId2 vdx2 = 0.5 x - 90.

VHxL = dMdx = 0.5
s = M Hh2LI = 0.000666667 x - 0.12

t = VQHItL = 0.00133333
Q = 1;
t=1
72
Multifield Beams
M Hk-inL
V HkL
4
Bending
50
Shear
2
x
100
-50
100
-2
-4
-100
-6
4.12
Solve problem 4.1 using the four-field beam element for TBT.
F2
L2
v2
v1
q1
v3
q2
1
q3
2
73
kGA
jij
jj L
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
kGA
jj -
jj
L
jj
jj kGA
k
2
kGA
2
EI
zyz v
zz ji 1
zz jj
zz jj q1
zz jj
zzz jjj v
kGA
zz jj 2
-
2
zzz j
z k q2
EI
kGA L z
L +
{
4
kGA
-
L
kGA L
kGA L
kGA
-
kGA
-
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
kGA
-
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zzzz jjjj zzzz
{ k0{
kGA
EI
Equations for element 2 (Length = L/2)

2 kGA
ij

jj L
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
jj 2 kGA
jj -
jj
L
jj
j kGA
k
2
kGA
2 kGA
-
2 EI
kGA L
L
8
kGA
-
kGA
-
2 kGA
kGA L
2 EI
8
L
kGA
-
yz
zz i v2
zz jj
kGA L
2 EI z
z jjj q2
8
L z
zz jj
zz jj
kGA
zz jj v3
-
zzz jj
2
z q
zk
2 EI
kGA L z
L + 8 { 3
kGA
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
z j z
{ k0 {

kGA
ij
jj L
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
jj kGA
jj -
L
jjj
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
j0
k
kGA
kGA
-
kGA
kGA
-
kGA L
kGA
-
3 kGA
2 kGA
-

L
kGA L
EI
4
L
3 EI
3 kGA L
L
8
kGA
-
2 kGA
-
kGA
-
2 kGA
kGA
kGA L
2 EI
8
L
kGA
-
EI
kGA L
0
-
EI
yz
zz
zz i v1
zzz jjj
0
zz jj q1
zzz jjj
kGA
zz jj v
2
zzz jjj 2
z jj
kGA L
2 EI z
8 - L zzz jjj q2
zz jj
zzz jjj v3
kGA
zz jj
-
2
zz q
zk 3
2 EI
kGA L z
L + 8 z{
0
yz ijj 0
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz = jj
zz jj 0
zzz jjj
zz jj F
zz jj -
zz jj 2
z jj
{ k0
From the given support conditions v1 = v2 = q3 = 0. Reduced system of equations

EI
kGA L
ij
+
4
jj L
jj kGA L
EI
jj -
jj 4
L
jj
jj
k0
kGA L
EI
4
L
3 EI
kGA
-
3 kGA L
yz q
zz ij 1
zz jj
kGA z
zz jjj q2
-
2
zz jj
z
2 kGA z
L z{ k v3
0
yz ijj 0
zz jj
zz = jj 0
zzz jjj F
{ k -
2
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
74
Multifield Beams
7
jij 2.4724 10
jj
jj 2.45761 107
jj
j
k0
zyz ijj q1
zz j
-205417. zzzz jjjj q2
zj
3423.61 { k v3
2.45761 107
3.71969 10
-205417.
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj
z
zz = jj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz
z j
z
{ k -10 {
0.00134686
-0.00135497
-0.0842189
4.13
F = 50000 lb, E = 20 106 lb in3 , I = 510 in4 , L = 10 ft.
2L
v2
v1
q1
1
Use k-in units
v3
q2
v4
q3
2
q4
3
75
kGA
jij
jj L
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
kGA
jj -
jj
L
jj
jj kGA
k
2
kGA
ij
jj L
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
jj kGA
jj -
jj
L
jj
j kGA
k
2
kGA
ij
jj L
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
jj kGA
jj -
jj
L
jj
j kGA
k
2
kGA
2
EI
kGA
-
L
kGA L
kGA
-
zyz v
zz ji 1
zz jj
zz jj q1
zz jj
zzz jjj v
kGA
zz jj 2
-
2
zzz j
z k q2
EI
kGA L z
L +
{
4
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zzzz jjjj zzzz
{ k0{
yz
zz i v2
z jj
kGA L
EI z
4 - L zzzz jjj q2
zz jjj
zz jj v
kGA
zz jj 3
-
zz j
2
z q
zk
EI
kGA L z
L + 4 { 3
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
{ k0{
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
z j z
{ k0{
kGA
kGA L
EI
kGA
-
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
kGA
-
kGA
kGA
-
EI
kGA L
L
4
kGA
-
kGA
-
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
kGA
-
kGA
kGA
-
EI
kGA L
L
4
kGA
-
kGA
-
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
kGA
-
yz
zz i v3
zz jj
kGA L
EI z
z jjj q3
4
L z
zz jj
zz jj
kGA
zz jj v4
-
zzz jjj
2
z q
zk
EI
kGA L z
L + 4 { 4
kGA
kGA
-
kGA
kGA L
EI
L
4
kGA
-
EI
kGA L
4
L
kGA
-
2 kGA
kGA
-
kGA
2 EI
kGA
-
kGA L
kGA
-
kGA
-
2 kGA
kGA
-
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
2 EI
kGA L
L
2
kGA
-
kGA
-
kGA
-
kGA
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
kGA
-
kGA
kGA

kGA
ij
jj L
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
jj kGA
jj -
L
jjj
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
j
k0
kGA L
EI
kGA L
0
-
EI
yz
zz
zz v
zzz ijj 1
0
zz jj
zzz jjj q1
zz jj
0
zzz jjj v2
zz jj
zz jj q
0
zz jj 2
zz jj
zz jj v
kGA
zz jj 3
2
zz jj
z jj q
kGA L
EI z
4 - L zzzz jjj 3
zzz jjjj v4
zz j
kGA
-
zz q
2
zz k 4
z
EI
kGA L z
L + 4 {
0
From the given support conditions v1 = q1 = v2 = v4 = 0. Reduced system of equations
yz ij 0
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz = jj
zz jj
zz jj -F
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
z j
{ k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
76
Multifield Beams
2 EI
kGA L
jij L + 2
jj
jj kGA
jj -
2
jj
jjj kGA L
EI
jj -
L
jjj 4
jj
k0
kGA
-
zyz q
zz ji 2
zz jj
zz jj v3
zz jj
z jj
kGA L
EI z
4 - L zzzz jjj q3
zz j
z k q4
EI
kGA L z
L +
{
4
kGA L
EI
4
L
2 kGA
kGA
2 EI
kGA L
L
2
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
0
zyz jij
zz jj -F
zz jj
zz = jj
zz jj 0
zzzz jjjj
{ k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

ij 2.057 107
jj
jj -170000.
jj
jj
jjj 1.0115 107
jj
jj
k0
-170000. 1.0115 107

5666.67
2.057 107
170000.
1.0115 107
yz i q2
zz jj
zz jj
170000.
zz jj v3
zz jj
zj
7 z
1.0115 10 zz jjj q3
zz jj
z
1.0285 107 { k q4
0
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj
z
zz jj -50 zzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz jj 0 zzz
zzz jjj
zzz
{ k0 {
-0.000229926
-0.233016
-0.00344865
0.00724315
4.14
77
2L
v2
v1
q1
v3
q2
v4
q3
q4
Use k-in units

kGA
ij
jj L
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
jj kGA
jj -
jj
L
jj
j kGA
k
2
kGA
jij
jj L
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
kGA
jj -
jj
L
jj
jj kGA
k
2
kGA
ij
jj L
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
jj kGA
jj -
jj
L
jj
j kGA
k
2
kGA
kGA
-
EI
kGA L
L
4
kGA
-
kGA
-
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
kGA
-
kGA
kGA
-
EI
kGA L
kGA
-
kGA
-
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
kGA
-
kGA
kGA
-
EI
kGA L
kGA
-
kGA
-
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
kGA
-
yz
zz i v1
zz jj
kGA L
EI z
z jjj q1
4
L z
zz jj
zz jj
kGA
zz jj v2
-
zzz jj
2
z q
zk
EI
kGA L z
L + 4 { 2
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
z j z
{ k0{
zyz v
zz ji 2
zz jj
zz jj q2
zz jj
zzz jjj v
kGA
zz jj 3
-
2
zzz jj
z k q3
EI
kGA L z
L +
{
4
Lq
i

zyz jjjj 2
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz = jj
zz jj L q
zzz jjj 2
j
{ jk 0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
yz
zz i v3
z jj
kGA L
EI z
4 - L zzzz jjj q3
zz jjj
zz jj v
kGA
zz jj 4
-
zz j
2
z q
zk
EI
kGA L z
L + 4 { 4
Lq
yz ijjj 2
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz = jj
zz jj L q
zz jj
zz jj 2
j
{ jk 0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
kGA
kGA
kGA L
kGA
EI
78
Multifield Beams
kGA
jij
jj L
jj kGA
jj
jj 2
jj
kGA
jj -
jj
L
jj
jj kGA
jjj
jj 2
jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
j
k0
kGA
kGA
-
kGA
kGA
-
kGA L
2 kGA
2 EI
kGA
-
L
kGA
-
kGA
kGA
-
kGA L
kGA
-
2 kGA
kGA
-
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
2 EI
kGA L
L
2
kGA
-
kGA
-
kGA
-
kGA
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
kGA
-
EI
kGA L
kGA
-
2
kGA L
EI
EI
kGA L
0
-
EI
zyz
zz
zz i v1
zz jj
0
zz jj
zzz jjj q1
zz jj
0
zz jj v2
zz jj
zz jj
0
zz jj q2
zz jj
zzz jjj v
kGA
zz jj 3
2
zzz jjj
kGA L
EI z
zz jjj q3
zz jjj v
4
L z
zz jj 4
zz j
kGA
-
zz q
2
zz k 4
z
EI
kGA L z
L + 4 {
0
From the given support conditions v1 = q1 = v2 = v4 = 0. Reduced system of equations

2 EI
kGA L
ij
+
2
jj L
jj kGA
jj -
jj
2
jj
jj kGA L
EI
jj -
jj 4
L
jj
j
k0
kGA
-
kGA L
EI
4
L
2 kGA
2 EI
kGA L
L
2
kGA
kGA L
EI
4
L
yz
zz i q2
zz jj
kGA
zz jj
zz jj v3
2
zz jj
j
EI z
kGA L
4 - L zzzz jjjj q3
zzz q
EI
kGA L z k 4
+
{
L
4
yz ij 0
zz jj
zz jj L q
zz = jj
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
{ k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

ij 2.057 107
jj
jj -170000.
jj
jj
jj
jj 1.0115 107
jj
j
k0
yz i q2
zz jj
zz jj
zzz jjj v3
zz jj
1.0115 107 zzz jjj q3
zz j
z
1.0285 107 { k q4
-170000. 1.0115 107
5666.67
170000.
2.057 107
170000.
1.0115 107
-0.0000919704
-0.0932063
-0.00137946
0.00289726
0 y
zyz jij
z
zz jj -20 zzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
zz jj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz
z j
z
0
{ k
{
i0
zyz jjjj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz jj L q
zz jj
zz jj 2
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz jj
zz = jj
zzz jjj L q
zz jj
zzz jjj 0
zz jj
zzz jjj L q
zz jj 2
z jj
{ jk 0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
79
4.15
Solve problem 4.1 using the linked interpolation beam element for TBT.
F2
L2
v2
v1
q1
v3
q2
1
q3
2
L = 20 ft F = 20, 000 lb E = 29 106 lb in2 I = 612 in4


Node
dof
Value
v3
-10

7
EI = 1.7748 10
Length = 240.
kGA = 410833.
q=0
f = 0.009
80
Multifield Beams
15.2688
jij
jj 1832.26
jj
jj
jj -15.2688
jj
jj
k 1832.26
v
zyz jij 1
z
j
z
j
293821.
-1832.26 145921. zz jj q1
zz jj
-1832.26 15.2688
zj
145921.
-1832.26 293821. { k q2
1832.26
-15.2688 1832.26
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zzz = jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zz
{ k0{

EI = 1.7748 107
ij 118.967
jj
jj 7138.03
jj
jj
jjj -118.967
j
k 7138.03
Length = 120.
kGA = 410833.
f = 0.036
yz ij v2
zz jj
zz jj q2
zz jj
zj
-7138.03 118.967
zj
280382.
-7138.03 576182. { k q3
7138.03
-118.967 7138.03
576182.
-7138.03 280382.
q=0
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
z j z
{ k0{

Node
dof
Value
v1
v2
q3

293821. 145921.
0
q
jij
zyz jij 1
jj 145921. 870003.
z
j
z
j
-7138.03 zz jj q2
jj
jj
zz jj
-7138.03 118.967 { k v3
k0
0
zyz
zyz jij
zz
zz = jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
{ k -10. {
8q1 = 0.000806982, q2 = -0.00162491, v3 = -0.181551<

Range
Displacement
0 x 240.
0.000810629 x - 1.40734 10-8 x3
240. x 360.
9.39073 10-8 x3 - 0.0000777461x2 + 0.0194417 x - 1.48601
Bending moment
Bending stress
-1.49865 x
-0.0146927 x
10. x - 2759.68
0.0980392 x - 27.0556
Shear force
Shear stress
1.49865
0.0293853
-10.
-0.196078
81
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-0.18053
0.0000
0.18053

NODE
VALUE
0.0000
-0.18053
0.0000
0.18053
PRINT ROT
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
82
Multifield Beams
NODE
1
ROTZ
0.80844E-03
2 -0.16242E-02
3
0.0000

NODE
VALUE
-0.16242E-02
STAT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
ELEM
MZI
MZJ
SHEARI
SHEARJ
0.28422E-13 -359.78
-359.78
840.22
1.4991
1.4991
-10.000
-10.000
MINIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
-359.78
-359.78
-10.000
-10.000
840.22
1.4991
1.4991
MAXIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
1
0.28422E-13
83
!* Problem 4.15
!* Include shear deformations
PREP7
!*
ET,1,BEAM3
!*
R,1,12*4.25,612,12,65, , ,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,29000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,
N,1,,,,,,,
N,2,240,,,,,,
N,3,360,,,,,,
E,1,2
E,2,3
SOL
FINISH
D,1, , , , , ,UY, , , , ,
D,2, , , , , ,UY, , , , ,
D,3, , , , , ,UX,ROTZ, , , ,
STATUS,SOLU
F,3,FY,-10
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
AVPRIN,0, ,
ETABLE,MZI,SMISC, 6
!*
84
Multifield Beams
PRNSOL,U,COMP
PRNSOL,ROT,COMP
4.16
F = 50000 lb, E = 20 106 lb in3 , I = 510 in4 , L = 10 ft.
2L
v2
v1
q1
v3
q2
v4
q3
q4
3
Use k-in units

Node
dof
Value
v3
-50

7
EI = 1.02 10
Length = 120.
kGA = 340000.
q=0
f = 0.025
85
69.1057
jij
jj 4146.34
jj
jj
jj -69.1057
jj
jj
k 4146.34
v
zyz jij 1
z
j
z
j
333780.
-4146.34 163780. zz jj q1
zz jj
-4146.34 69.1057
zj
163780.
-4146.34 333780. { k q2
4146.34
-69.1057 4146.34
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zzz = jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zz
{ k0{

EI = 1.02 107
ij 69.1057
jj
jj 4146.34
jj
jj
jjj -69.1057
j
k 4146.34
Length = 120.
kGA = 340000.
f = 0.025
yz ij v2
zz jj
zz jj q2
zz jj
zj
-4146.34 69.1057
zj
163780.
-4146.34 333780. { k q3
4146.34
-69.1057 4146.34
333780.
-4146.34 163780.
q=0
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
z j z
{ k0{

7
kGA = 340000.
EI = 1.02 10
ij 69.1057
jj
jj 4146.34
jj
jj
jj -69.1057
jjj
k 4146.34
Length = 120.
f = 0.025
yz ij v3
zz jj
zz jj q3
zz jj
zj
-4146.34 69.1057
zz jj
163780.
-4146.34 333780. { k q4
4146.34
-69.1057 4146.34
333780.
-4146.34 163780.
q=0
yz ij 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
{ k0{

Node
dof
Value
v1
q1
0
0
v2
v4

ij 667561.
jj
jj -4146.34
jj
jj
jj 163780.
jjj
k0
yz ij q2 yz ij 0
yz
zj z j
z
4146.34 zzzz jjjj v3 zzzz jjjj -50. zzzz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
zz
667561. 163780. zzzz jjjj q3 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
z j zz jj
z
163780. 333780. { k q4 { k 0
{
-4146.34 163780. 0
138.211
0
4146.34
8q2 = -0.00487222, v3 = -0.846617, q3 = -0.00157443, q4 = 0.0112895<
86
Multifield Beams
Range
Displacement
0 x 120.
-3.30096 10-7 x3 + 0.0000391164 x2 + 0.0000594173 x
120. x 240.
5.19216 10-7 x3 - 0.000266636 x2 + 0.0365968 x - 1.44927
240. x 360.
-2.97777 10-7 x3 + 0.000321599 x2 - 0.104433 x + 9.80956
Bending moment
Bending stress
797.974 - 20.2019 x
7.82328 - 0.198058 x
31.776 x - 5439.38
0.31153 x - 53.3272
6560.62 - 18.224 x
64.3198 - 0.178666 x
Shear force
Shear stress
20.2019
0.330096
-31.776
-0.519216
18.224
0.297777
87
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-0.84250
0.0000
0.84250
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

NODE
VALUE
0.0000
-0.84250
0.0000
0.84250
PRINT ROT
PRINT ROT
88
Multifield Beams
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
SUBSTEP=
1.0000
LOAD CASE=
NODE
1
ROTZ
0.0000
2 -0.48526E-02
3 -0.15843E-02
4
0.11270E-01

NODE
VALUE
0.11270E-01
STAT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
ELEM
MZI
MZJ
SHEARI
SHEARJ
804.66
-1629.6
20.285
20.285
-1629.6
2185.2
-31.790
-31.790
2185.2
0.0000
18.210
18.210
MINIMUM VALUES
89
ELEM
VALUE
-1629.6
-1629.6
-31.790
-31.790
2185.2
2185.2
20.285
20.285
MAXIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
!* Problem 4.16
PREP7
!*
ET,1,BEAM3
!*
R,1,10*6.12,510,10,65, , ,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,20000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,
N,1,,,,,,,
N,2,120,,,,,,
N,3,240,,,,,,
N,4,360,,,,,,
E,1,2
E,2,3
E,3,4
SOL
FINISH
D,1, , , , , ,UY,ROTZ , , , ,
D,2, , , , , ,UY, , , , ,
D,4, , , , , ,UX,UY , , ,
F,3,FY,-50
90
Multifield Beams
STATUS,SOLU
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
AVPRIN,0, ,
ETABLE,MZI,SMISC, 6
!*
PRNSOL,U,COMP
PRNSOL,ROT,COMP
4.17
2L
v2
v1
q1
1
Use k-in units
v3
q2
v4
q3
2
q4
3
91

EI = 1.02 107
ij 69.1057
jj
jj 4146.34
jj
jj
jjj -69.1057
j
k 4146.34
Length = 120.
kGA = 340000.
q=0
f = 0.025
yz ji v1
zj
333780.
-4146.34 163780. zzzz jjjj q1
zz jj
-4146.34 69.1057
zj
163780.
-4146.34 333780. { k q2
4146.34
-69.1057 4146.34
yz ji 0 yz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj z
{ k0{

EI = 1.02 107
69.1057
jij
jj 4146.34
jj
jj
jj -69.1057
jj
jj
k 4146.34
kGA = 340000.
f = 0.025
v
zyz jij 2
z
j
z
j
333780.
-4146.34 163780. zz jj q2
zz jj
-4146.34 69.1057
zz jj
163780.
-4146.34 333780. { k q3
4146.34
1
q = -
6
Length = 120.
-69.1057 4146.34
-10. y
z
zyz jij
zz jj -200. zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz = jj
zz jj -10. zzz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
{ k 200. {

EI = 1.02 107
69.1057
jij
jj 4146.34
jj
jj
jj -69.1057
jj
jj
k 4146.34
kGA = 340000.
f = 0.025
v
zyz jij 3
z
j
z
j
333780.
-4146.34 163780. zz jj q3
zz jj
-4146.34 69.1057
zz jj
163780.
-4146.34 333780. { k q4
4146.34
1
q = -
6
Length = 120.
-69.1057 4146.34
-10. y
z
zyz jij
zz jj -200. zzz
zz
zz jj
z
zz = jj
zz jj -10. zzz
zz
zz jj
zz
z j
{ k 200. {

Node
dof
Value
v1
q1
0
0
v2
v4
92
Multifield Beams
667561.
jij
jj -4146.34
jj
jj
jj 163780.
jj
jj
k0
q
-200. y
zyz jij 2 zyz jij
zz
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
0
4146.34 zz jj v3 zz jj -20. zzzz
zz
zz jj zz = jj
zz
667561. 163780. zzzz jjjj q3 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
z j zz jj
z
163780. 333780. { k q4 { k 200. {
-4146.34 163780. 0
138.211
0
4146.34
8q2 = -0.00259852, v3 = -0.403294, q3 = -0.000839698, q4 = 0.00602108<

Range
Displacement
0 x 120.
-1.76051 10-7 x3 + 0.0000208621x2 + 0.0000316892 x
120. x 240.
2.22449 10-7 x3 - 0.000112794 x2 + 0.0148222 x - 0.538825
240. x 360.
-1.04348 10-7 x3 + 0.0001225 x2 - 0.0415895 x + 3.9647
Bending moment
Bending stress
4.17241 - 0.105631 x
425.586 - 10.7743 x
13.6139 x - 2301.
0.13347 x - 22.5588
2499. - 6.38611 x
24.5 - 0.0626089 x
Shear force
Shear stress
10.7743
0.176051
-13.6139
-0.222449
6.38611
0.104348
93
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-0.40149
0.0000
0.40149
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

NODE
VALUE
0.0000
-0.40149
0.0000
0.40149
PRINT ROT
LOAD STEP=
SUBSTEP=
94
Multifield Beams
TIME=
1.0000
LOAD CASE=
NODE
1
ROTZ
0.0000
2 -0.25881E-02
3 -0.84498E-03
4
0.60106E-02

NODE
VALUE
0.60106E-02
STAT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
ELEM
MZI
MZJ
SHEARI
SHEARJ
429.15
-869.12
10.819
10.819
-869.12
765.44
-23.621
-3.6213
765.44
0.25580E-12 -3.6213
16.379
MINIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
-869.12
-869.12
-23.621
-3.6213
95
MAXIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
765.44
765.44
10.819
16.379
!* Problem 4.17
PREP7
!*
ET,1,BEAM3
!*
R,1,10*6.12,510,10,65, , ,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,20000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,
N,1,,,,,,,
N,2,120,,,,,,
N,3,240,,,,,,
N,4,360,,,,,,
E,1,2
E,2,3
E,3,4
SOL
FINISH
D,1, , , , , ,UY,ROTZ , , , ,
D,2, , , , , ,UY, , , , ,
D,4, , , , , ,UX,UY , , ,
SFBEAM,2,1,PRES,212, , , , , ,
STATUS,SOLU
SFBEAM,3,1,PRES,212, , , , , ,
96
Multifield Beams
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
AVPRIN,0, ,
ETABLE,MZI,SMISC, 6
!*
PRNSOL,U,COMP
PRNSOL,ROT,COMP
CHAPTER FIVE
Multifield Formulations for

Analysis of Elastic Solids
5.1
Axial deformations of bars is governed by the following equations.
d
HA sx L + q = 0
Equilibrium:
dx
du
Strain-displacement: ex =
dx
Hook's law: E ex = sx
Boundary conditions: u specified or axial force (F = A sx ) specified
Multifield Formulations
where AHxL is the area of cross-section, sx is the axial stress, qHxL is applied axial load, uHxL is axial displacement, ex is axial strain, and E is modulus of elasticity. In the usual displacement formulation all three
equations are combined together to get one second-order differential equation in terms of displacements,
that is
d
d
d
du
HA sx L + q =
HA E ex L + q = 0
IA E
M + q = 0
dx
dx
dx
dx
For a multifield formulation we go back to the basic equations. Treating axial stress, axial strain, and axial
displacement as independent unknowns, a multifield formulation is based on satisfying all three equations
in a weak sense.
d
HA sx L + q = 0
dx
du
= 0
ex -
dx
E ex - sx = 0
(a) Obtain an appropriate weak form for a three field axial deformation element. Pay close attention to the
physical nature of terms in the equations and choose weighting functions so that the weak form represents
virtual work.
(b) Show that the finite element equations based on quadratic solution for axial displacement and linear
solution for axial stress and axial strain are as follows.
ij 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj
jj - 2
jj 3
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k 0
-A
2A
4A
-
2A
-1
43
- 32
-L
- L3
0 yz
Lq
i
+ FL yz
zz u
zz
zz ij 1 yz jjjj 6
zz
2Lq
0
0 zzzz jjj u zzz jjj
zzzz
zz jjj 2 zzz jjj
3
zz
zz jj zz jj
zz
Lq
0
0 zzz jjj u3 zzz jj
zz jj zz jjj 6 + FR zzzz
zj z
zz
L
0 zzz jjj a1 zzz = jjjj
zz
0
zz jj zz jj
zz
z
z
j
zz
j
L z
a
z
j
2
j
0
3 zzz jjj zzz jj
zz
0
zz
zz jj b zz jjj
zz
z jj 1 zz jj
z
zz
0
L E 0 zz jj zz jj
zz
zz k b { j
2
LE z
z
0
{
k
0 3 {
0
It is assumed that EA and q are constant over the element. FL and FR are applied axial forces at element
ends. u1 , u2 , u3 are nodal displacement degrees of freedom. a1 , a2 are parameters associated with assumed
stress and b1 , b2 are parameters associated with assumed strain.
EA, q constant
FL
FR
u1
u2
L2
u3
L2
Figure 5.9.
The first equation represents equilibrium of forces and therefore its weighting function can be interpreted
as axial displacement u. The second equation represents strain and thus its weighting function is inter
preted as stress sx . The third equation represents stress and thus its weighting function is interpreted as
strain ex . Multiplying the equations by weighting functions and integrating over the element the weighted
residual is as follows.
x2 d
du
HA sx L + qL u + Iex -
M sx + HE ex - sx L ex dx = 0
x1 H
dx
dx
To incorporate boundary conditions we integrate the first term by parts to get
x2
du
du
sx + E ex ex - sx ex M dx + @A sx uDxx1 2 = 0
x1 I-A sx dx + q u + ex sx -
dx
Denoting any specified forces at the element ends by FL = A sx Hx1 L and FR = -A sx Hx2 L we have the weak
form as follows.
x2
du
du
sx + E ex ex - sx ex M dx - FR uHx2 L - FL uHx1 L = 0
x1 I-A sx dx + q u + ex sx -
dx
Assumed solutions:
uHxL = Nu1 u1 + Nu2 u2 + + Nun un
sHxL = Ns1 a1 + Ns2 a2 + + Nsp ap
eHxL = Ne1 b1 + Ne2 b2 + + Neq bq
or
u
u
0
ij uHxL yz jij N1 Nn 0 0
jj
zz jj
s
s
jj sHxL zz = jj 0 0 N1 Np 0
jjj
zzz jjj
0 0 Ne1
k eHxL { k 0 0
ij u1 yz
jj zz
j z
T
0 zy jjjj zzzz ij Nu
zz jjj a1 zzz jjj
0 zzz jjj zzz jjj NTs
zz jj zz jjj
Neq z{ jjjj zzzz j NT
jj b1 zz k e
jj zz
k {
yz
zz
zz
T
zzz d N d
zz
z
{
ij u1 yz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj zzz
jj a zz
jj 1 zz
dNu1
dNun
du
M
=
I
jj zz BuT d
0
0
0
dx
dx
dx
jj zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj b1 zz
jj zz
k {
The sets of weighting functions are the columns of NT matrix.
u
u
0 0 yz
ij N1 Nn 0 0
ij u yz
j
zz
jj zz
jj
s
s
jj s zz jj 0 0 N1 Np 0 0 zzz
jjj zzz
jj
zz
j
e
e z
e
0
0
0
0
N
N
k {
1
q {
k
With the first n sets of weighting functions we get

u
ij dN1 dx yz
i N1
zz
jj
j
x2 j
jj u
z
jj
u
jj N2
jj dN2 dx zzz
jj
zz A sx dx =
jj
jj
z
jj
zz
j
jj
z
jj
x1 j
z
jj
z
u
u
k Nn
k dNn dx {
u
x2
x1
yz
ij FL
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
zz q dx + jjjj
jj
zzz
jj
zz
k FR
{
Substituting the assumed solution for sx we get

u
ij dN1 dx yz
i N1
zz
jj
j
x2 j
jj u
z
jj
u
jj N2
jj dN2 dx zzz
jj
zz A NTs dx d =
jj
jj
z
jj
j
zzz
jj
jj
x1 j
z
jj
z
u
u
k Nn
k dNn dx {
u
x2
x1
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
yz
ij F1 u1 yz
zz
z
jj
zz
jj 0 zzz
zz
zz k d = r + r
j
zz q dx + jjj
zz
q
F
1
zz
zz
j
jj
zz
z
z
j
z
k Fn un {
{
With the next p sets of weighting functions we get the following equations
ij N1
jj s
jj N
jj 2
jj
jj
jj
j s
k Np
s
x2
x1
s
yz
ij N1
zz
x2 j
jj s
zz
jj N2
zz
jj
zz ex dx -
jj
zzz
jj
zz
x1 j
j s
{
k Np
yz
ij 0 yz
zz
jj zz
zz
jj 0 zz
zz du
jj zz
zz
dx
=
jj zz
dx
zz
jj zz
zz
jj zz
z
k0{
{
Substituting the assumed solution for ex and u we get

ij N1
x2 j
jj s
jj N2
jj
jj
jj
x1 j
jj s
k Np
s
s
ij N1
yz
j
zz
x2 j s
jj N
zz
jj 2
zz T
jj
zz Ne dx d -
jj
zz
jj
zz
x
1
jj s
zz
k Np
{
yz
ij 0 yz
zz
jj zz
zz
jj 0 zz
zz T
zz Bu dx d = jjjj zzzz Hk2 - k3 L d = 0
zz
jj zz
zz
jj zz
zz
k0{
{
Finally with the last q sets of weighting functions we get

ij N1
jj e
jj N
jjj 2
jj
jj
jjj
e
k Nq
e
x2
x1
e
ij N1
yz
zz
x2 j
jj e
zz
jj N2
zz
jj
zz E ex dx -
jj
zz
jj
zz
x1 j
jj e
zz
k Nq
{
yz
ij 0 yz
zz
jj zz
zz
jj 0 zz
zz
zz sx dx = jjjj zzzz
zz
jj zz
zz
jj zz
zz
k0{
{
Substituting the assumed solution for ex and sx we get

N
jij 1
jj e
jj N2
jj
jj
jj
jjj
e
k Nq
e
x2
x1
Ne
jij 1
zyz
x
2 j
zz
jj Ne
zz
jj 2
zz E NT dx d jj
zz
e
jj
zz
jjj
zzz
x1 j
e
k Nq
{
ij 0 yz
zyz
jj zz
zz
j z
zz T
zz N dx d = jjjj 0 zzzz Hk - k L d = 0
4
5
zz s
jj zz
zz
jj zz
zzz
j z
k0{
{
The complete set of element equations can be written by adding all three sets of equations.
ij rq + rF
ij k1 yz
j
z
jj
jj k2 - k3 zzz d = jjj 0
jj
zzz
jjj
j
k
k
k 4
k 0
5{
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
As a specific case we choose the following change of variables and interpolation functions.
1
xHsL = Hs L + L + 2 x1 L;
2
L
dxds =
2
1
1
Displacement interpolation: : Hs - 1L s , -Hs - 1L Hs + 1L, s Hs + 1L>
2
2
yz
ij 12 Hs - 1L s
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -Hs - 1L Hs + 1L zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj 1
zz
jj s Hs + 1L
zz
jj 2
zz;
Nu = jjjj 0
zz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
{
k0
2 I 2 + 2 M
jij
L
jj
jj
jj 4 s
jj - L
jjj
jj 2 I s + s+1
M
2
jjj
2
L
Bu = jjjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
Stress & strain interpolation:
2
T
x1 Bu A Ns
s -1
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
Ns = jjjj 1 zzzz;
jj zz
jj s zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jj zz
k0{
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
Ne = jjjj 0 zzzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jjj 1 zzz
jj zz
jj zz
ks {
After carrying out integrations we get
k1 =
x2
x1
k2 =
x2
x1
ij 0
jj
jj
L
Bu A NTs dx = Bu A NTs ds = jjjj 0
jj
2
-1
jj
k0
0 0 -A
2A
0 0 0
4A

-
3
0 0 A
2A
1
i0 0 0 0
L
Ns NTe dx = Ns NTe ds = jjjj
2
-1
k0 0 0 0
0 L 0 y
zz
z
0 0 L3 z{
0 0 yz
zz
zz
0 0 zzzz
zz
z
0 0 z{
k3 =
x2
k4 =
x2
k5 =
x2
rq =
x2
x1
x1
x1
x1
1
i -1 0
L
Ns BuT dx = Ns BuT ds = jjjj 2
4
2
-1
k 3 - 3
32
1
i0 0 0
L
Ne E NTe dx = Ne E NTe ds = jjjj
2
-1
k0 0 0
0 0 0y
zz
z
0 0 0 z{
0 0 LE
0 0 0
LE
1
i0 0 0 L 0
L
Ne NTs dx = Ne NTs ds = jjjj
L
2
-1
k 0 0 0 0 3
yz
zz
z
{
0 0y
zz
z
0 0 z{
Lq
ij
y
jj 6 zzz
jj 2 L q zz
L
Nu q dx = Nu q ds = jjjj
zzz
jj 3 zzz
2
-1
jj L q zz
k 6 {
1
Combining these terms we get the followign element equations

ij 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1
jj
jj
jj - 2
jj 3
jjj
jj 0
jjj
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
-A
2A
4A
-
0
0
2A
-1
43
- 23
-L
LE
- L3
yz
Lq
i
+ FL
zz u
zz ji 1 zy jjjj 6
z
z
j
j
2Lq
0 zzz jj u zz jj
zz jjj 2 zzz jjj 3
zz jj zz jj
Lq
0 zzz jjj u3 zzz jj
zz jj zz jjj 6 + FR
zz jj a zz = jj
0 zz jj 1 zz jj 0
zz jj zz jj
zj z j
L3 zzzz jjjj a2 zzzz jjj 0
zz jj b zz jjj
zj z
0 zzz jjj 1 zzz jjjj 0
zz k b { j
2
LE z
k0
3 z{
0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
5.2
Show that the following five parameter assumed stress field is suitable for a 4 node plane stress element.
sx = b1 + b2 - b5 s
sy = b1 - b2 - b4 t
txy = b3 + b4 s + b5 t
Initial matrix of stress modes

0 0
ij 1 1
j
P T = jjjj 1 -1 0 -t
jj
1 s
k0 0
-s y
zz
0 zzzz
zz
t {
Step 1: Identify work stress modes

t-1
ij
jj 4
j
j
B T = jjjj 0
jjj
s -1
j
k 4
P 1 = 81, 1, 0<
1-t
s -1
t-1
14
H-s - 1L
41 H-s - 1L
1-t
s +1
s +1
t+1
1-s
P 1 B T dsdt = 8-1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1<
w1 = 1 Work mode
P 2 = 81, -1, 0<
P 2 B T dsdt = 8-1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1<
w2 = 1 Work mode
P 3 = 80, 0, 1<
P 3 B T dsdt = 8-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1<
w3 = 1 Work mode
P 4 = 80, -t, s <
1
1
1
1
P 4 B T dsdt = : , 0, - , 0, , 0, - , 0>
3
3
3
3
1
w4 = Work mode
3
P 5 = 8-s , 0, t<
yz
zz
zz
1-s
zz
4
zz
zz
z
1
4 H-t - 1L z{
41 H-t - 1L 0
t+1
1
1
1
1
P 5 B T dsdt = :0, , 0, - , 0, , 0, - >
3
3
3
3
1
w5 = Work mode
3
Stress matrix satisfying work criteria
0 0
ij 1 1
j
P T = jjjj 1 -1 0 -t
jj
1 s
k0 0
-s y
zz
0 zzzz
zz
t {
Step 2: Perform eigenvalue test to determine optimum set

ij 1.0989
j
C = jjjj 0.32967
jj
k0
1.0989
1.
-0.3
jij
j
j
D = jj -0.3 1.
jj
0.
k 0.
t-1
jij 4
jj
j
B T = jjjj 0
jj
jj s -1
k 4
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
0.384615 {
0.32967
0
s -1
4
t-1
0. y
zz
0. zzzz
zz
2.6 {
1-t
41
14 H-s - 1L
H-s - 1L
1-t
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
1
4 H-t - 1L z{
41 H-t - 1L 0
t+1
s +1
s +1
t+1
1-s
1-s
Stiffness matrix for a displacement based element

0.494505
jij
jj 0.178571
jj
jj
jj -0.302198
jj
jj
jj -0.0137363
j
k = jjj
jjj -0.247253
jj
jjj -0.178571
jj
jj
jj 0.0549451
jj
k 0.0137363
0.178571
-0.302198
-0.0137363 -0.247253
-0.178571
0.0549451
0.494505
0.0137363
0.0549451
0.0137363
0.494505
-0.178571
-0.178571
-0.247253
-0.0137363
0.0549451
-0.0137363 -0.247253
0.0549451
-0.178571
0.494505
0.0137363
-0.302198
-0.178571
0.0549451
0.0137363
0.494505
0.178571
-0.302198
-0.247253
-0.0137363 -0.302198
0.178571
0.494505
0.0137363
0.0137363
-0.0137363 -0.247253
0.178571
-0.302198
-0.302198
-0.247253
-0.0137363 0.0549451
0.178571
Eigenvalues of displacement based stiffness matrix
81.42857, 0.769231, 0.769231, 0.494505, 0.494505, 0, 0, 0<
Examine stress matrix: {{1, 1, 0, 0, -s}, {1, -1, 0, -t, 0}, {0, 0, 1, s, t}}
0.178571
0.494505
-0.178571
10
-1
jij
jj -1
jj
jj
jj
k a = jjjj -1
jj 1
jj 3
jj
jj
k0
-1 1
-1
-1 -1
-1 -1
- 13
31
- 13
13
- 13
13
jij 5.6
jj
jj 8.88178 10-16
jj
j
k b = jjjj 0.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
k -1
b
-1
8.88178 10-16
0.
0
0
10.4
0.
0.
10.4 0
4.8
0.
jij 0.178571
jj
jj -1.52503 10-17
jj
j
= jjjj 0.
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
k 0.
0.394027
jij
jj 0.178571
jj
jj
jj -0.20172
jj
jj
jj -0.0137363
j
k = jjj
jjj -0.347731
jj
jjj -0.178571
jj
jj
jj 0.155423
jj
k 0.0137363
zyz
-1 zzzz
zz
-1 zzzz
zz
z
0 zzz
zz
zz
- 31 {
1
-1.52503 10-17
0.0961538
0.
0.
0.
zyz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzz
zz
0. zzzz
zz
4.8 {
0
zyz
zz
zz
0.
0.
0.
zz
zz
zz
0.0961538 0.
0.
zz
zz
zz
0.
0.208333 0.
zz
z
0.
0.
0.208333 {
0.
0.
0.
0.178571
-0.20172
-0.0137363 -0.347731
-0.178571
0.155423
0.394027
0.0137363
0.155423
0.0137363
0.394027
-0.178571
-0.178571
-0.347731
-0.0137363
0.155423
-0.0137363 -0.347731
0.155423
-0.178571
0.394027
0.0137363
-0.20172
0.178571
-0.178571
0.155423
0.0137363
0.394027
0.178571
-0.20172
-0.347731
-0.0137363 -0.20172
0.178571
0.394027
0.0137363
-0.0137363 -0.347731
0.178571
-0.20172
0.0137363
0.394027
-0.20172
-0.347731
-0.0137363 0.155423
0.178571
-0.178571
Eigenvalues:81.42857, 0.769231, 0.769231, 0.0925926, 0.0925926, 0, 0, 0<

There are 5 nonzero eigenvalues. Therefore the stress matrix is OK.
5.3
Check to see if the following stress interpolation matrix is a reasonable choice for a 4 node plane stress
element.
ij 1 s
j
P = jjjj 0 1
jj
k0 0
T
0 0y
zz
s t 0 zzzz
zz
1 s t {
t
11
0 0y
zz
0 zzzz
zz
1 s t {
ij 1 s
j
P T = jjjj 0 1
jj
k0 0

t-1
ij
jj 4
j
j
B T = jjjj 0
jjj
s -1
j
k 4
P 1 = 81, 0, 0<
1-t
s -1
t-1
14
H-s - 1L
41 H-s - 1L
1-t
s +1
s +1
t+1
1-s
P 1 B T dsdt = 8-1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0<
w1 = 1 Work mode
P 2 = 8s , 1, 0<
P 2 B T dsdt = 80, -1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 1<
w2 = 1 Work mode
P 3 = 8t, s , 1<
2
2
4 2 4 4 2
4
P 3 B T dsdt = :- , - , - , , , , , - >
3
3
3 3 3 3 3
3
4
w3 = Work mode
3
P 4 = 80, t, s <
1
1
1
1
P 4 B T dsdt = : , 0, - , 0, , 0, - , 0>
3
3
3
3
1
w4 = Work mode
3
P 5 = 80, 0, t<
1
1
1
1
P 5 B T dsdt = :0, , 0, - , 0, , 0, - >
3
3
3
3
1
w5 = Work mode
3
yz
zz
zz
1-s
zz
4
zz
zz
z
1
4 H-t - 1L z{
41 H-t - 1L 0
t+1
12
0 0y
zz
t 0 zzzz
zz
s t {
1 s t
jij
j
j
P = jj 0 1 s
jj
k0 0 1
T

ij 1.0989
j
C = jjjj 0.32967
jj
k0
1.0989
-0.3
ij 1.
j
D = jjjj -0.3 1.
jj
0.
k 0.
t-1
ij
jj 4
j
j
B T = jjjj 0
jj
jj s -1
k 4
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
0.384615 {
0.32967
0. y
zz
0. zzzz
zz
2.6 {
1-t
s -1
t-1
14
H-s - 1L
41 H-s - 1L
1-t
yz
zz
zz
1-s
zz
4
zz
zz
z
1
4 H-t - 1L z{
41 H-t - 1L 0
t+1
s +1
s +1
t+1
1-s

ij 0.494505
jj
jj 0.178571
jj
jj
jj -0.302198
jj
jj
jj -0.0137363
k = jjj
jj -0.247253
jj
jj
jjj -0.178571
jj
jj 0.0549451
jj
j
k 0.0137363
0.178571
-0.302198
-0.0137363 -0.247253
-0.178571
0.0549451
0.494505
0.0137363
0.0549451
-0.178571
-0.247253
-0.0137363
0.0137363
0.494505
-0.178571
0.0549451
-0.0137363 -0.247253
0.0549451
-0.178571
0.494505
0.0137363
-0.302198
-0.178571
0.0549451
0.0137363
0.494505
0.178571
-0.302198
-0.247253
-0.0137363 -0.302198
0.178571
0.494505
0.0137363
0.0137363
0.494505
-0.0137363 -0.247253
0.178571
-0.302198
-0.302198
-0.247253
-0.0137363 0.0549451
0.178571
81.42857, 0.769231, 0.769231, 0.494505, 0.494505, 0, 0, 0<

1 s t
jij
j
j
P = jj 0 1 s
jj
k0 0 1
T
0 0y
zz
t 0 zzzz
zz
s t {
There are 1 possible submatrices with 5 stress modes in each.
Examine stress matrix: {{1, s, t, 0, 0}, {0, 1, s, t, 0}, {0, 0, 1, s, t}}
0.178571
-0.178571
13
-1
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 2
j
k a = jjj - 3
jj
jj 1
jj 3
jj
jj
k0
4.
jij
jj -1.2
jj
jj
k b = jjjj 0.
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
k -1
b
zyz
zz
zz
zz
z
- 43 zzzz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
- 31 {
-1
-1
-1
- 23
- 43
32
43
43
23
- 31
13
- 13
13
- 31
31
-1.2
0.
5.33333
-0.4
-0.4
13.0667
0.
-0.4
0.
0.268141
jij
jj 0.060471
jj
jj
= jjjj 0.00185589
jj
jj 0.000154657
jj
j
k 0.
0.325056
jij
jj 0.0984212
jj
jj
jj -0.223063
jj
jj
jj 0.0304255
j
k = jjj
jjj -0.315591
jj
jjj -0.132419
jj
jj
jj 0.213598
jj
k 0.00357239
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-0.4 0.
zz
zz
zz
4.8
0.
zz
z
0.
3.46667 {
0
0.
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0.
zz
zz
zz
0.
zz
z
0.288462 {
0.060471
0.00185589 0.000154657 0.
0.20157
0.00618629 0.000515524 0.
0.00618629
0.0769162
0.00640968
0.000515524 0.00640968 0.208867

0.
0.0984212
0.
0.
-0.223063
0.0304255
-0.315591
-0.132419
0.213598
0.
0.276055
0.0165063
0.135334
-0.139923
-0.250261
0.0249953
0.0165063
0.428734
-0.120608
0.102496
-0.0850634 -0.308168
0.
0.135334
-0.120608
0.259558
0.00214038 -0.169375
-0.139923 0.102496
0.00214038 0.438838
-0.250261 -0.0850634 -0.169375

0.0249953
-0.308168
-0.161127 0.189165
0.210954
0.088042
-0.225744
0.210954
0.386858
0.00652806 0.
0.088042
-0.225744
0.00652806
0.320314
-0.225516
-0.073172
0.0327787
-0.119565
0.
Eigenvalues:81.2171, 0.715005, 0.650081, 0.121892, 0.085197, 0, 0, 0<

5.4
Check to see if the following stress interpolation matrix is a reasonable choice for a 4 node plane stress
element.
ij s 2 1 0 0 -s yz
jj
zz
P = jjjj 0 -1 0 -t 0 zzzz
jj
zz
t {
k 0 0 1 s
T
14

ij s 2
jj
P = jjjj 0
jj
k0
T
0 0
-1 0 -t
0
1 s
-s yz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
t {

t-1
ij
jj 4
j
jj
T
B = jjj 0
jj
jj s -1
k 4
0
s -1
4
t-1
P 1 = 9s 2 , 0, 0=
1-t
41
14 H-s - 1L
H-s - 1L
1-t
s +1
s +1
t+1
1-s
1
1
1
1
P 1 B T dsdt = :- , 0, , 0, , 0, - , 0>
3
3
3
3
1
w1 = Work mode
3
P 2 = 81, -1, 0<
P 2 B T dsdt = 8-1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1<
w2 = 1 Work mode
P 3 = 80, 0, 1<
P 3 B T dsdt = 8-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1<
w3 = 1 Work mode
P 4 = 80, -t, s <
1
1
1
1
P 4 B T dsdt = : , 0, - , 0, , 0, - , 0>
3
3
3
3
1
w4 = Work mode
3
P 5 = 8-s , 0, t<
1
1
1
1
P 5 B T dsdt = :0, , 0, - , 0, , 0, - >
3
3
3
3
1
w5 = Work mode
3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
1
4 H-t - 1L z{
41 H-t - 1L 0
t+1
1-s
15
2
jij s
jj
P = jjj 0
jj
k0
T
-1 0
-t
-s zy
zz
0 zzzz
zz
t {

ij 1.0989
j
C = jjjj 0.32967
jj
k0
1.0989
1.
-0.3
jij
j
j
D = jj -0.3 1.
jj
0.
k 0.
t-1
jij 4
jj
j
B T = jjjj 0
jj
jj s -1
k 4
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
0.384615 {
0.32967
0
s -1
4
t-1
0. y
zz
0. zzzz
zz
2.6 {
1-t
41
14 H-s - 1L
H-s - 1L
1-t
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
1
4 H-t - 1L z{
41 H-t - 1L 0
t+1
s +1
s +1
t+1
1-s
1-s

0.494505
jij
jj 0.178571
jj
jj
jj -0.302198
jj
jj
jj -0.0137363
j
k = jjj
jj -0.247253
jj
jj
jj -0.178571
jj
jj
jj 0.0549451
jj
k 0.0137363
0.178571
-0.302198
-0.0137363 -0.247253
0.494505
0.0137363
0.0549451
0.0137363
0.494505
-0.178571
-0.0137363
-0.178571
0.494505
0.0137363
-0.302198
0.0137363
0.494505
0.178571
-0.302198
-0.247253
-0.0137363 -0.302198
0.178571
0.494505
0.0137363
0.0137363
-0.0137363 -0.247253
0.178571
-0.302198
-0.302198
-0.247253
-0.0137363 0.0549451
-1 0
-t
-0.247253
-0.0137363 -0.247253
0.0549451
0.178571

1
-0.178571
0.0549451
0.0549451
81.42857, 0.769231, 0.769231, 0.494505, 0.494505, 0, 0, 0<
ij s 2
jj
P = jjjj 0
jj
k0
0.0549451
-0.178571
-0.178571
-s yz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
t {
There are 1 possible submatrices with 5 stress modes in each.
Examine element eigenvalues with stress matrix
0.178571
0.494505
-0.178571
16
2
jij s
jj
P = jjj 0
jj
k0
T
0 0
-1 0 -t
0
1 s
ij - 31
jj
jj
jj -1
jj
jj
k a = jjj -1
jj
jj 1
jj 3
jj
jj
k0
13
13
-1 -1
-1 -1
- 31
- 13
13
- 31
13
- 31
31
ij 0.8
jj
jj 1.73333
jj
j
k b = jjjj 0.
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
k -1
b
-s zy
zz
0 zzzz
zz
t {
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
0. zzzz
z
4.8 {
1.73333
0.
10.4
0.
0.
10.4 0
4.8
0.
ij 1.95652
jj
jj -0.326087
jj
j
= jjjj 0.
jj
jj 0.
jj
j
k 0.
ij 0.269804
jj
jj 0.0543478
jj
jj
jjj -0.077496
jj
jj -0.13796
j
k = jjj
jj -0.223507
jj
jj
jj -0.0543478
jj
jj
jj 0.0311997
jj
k 0.13796
yz
zz
z
-1 zzzz
zz
-1 zzz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
- 31 {
0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0.0961538 0.
0.
zz
zz
zz
0.
0.208333 0.
zz
0.
0.
0.208333 {
-0.326087 0.
0.
0.
0.150502
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.0543478
-0.077496
-0.13796
-0.223507
0.269804
0.13796
0.0311997
-0.0543478 -0.223507
-0.0543478 0.0311997
0.13796
0.269804
-0.0543478 0.0311997
0.0311997
-0.0543478 0.269804
-0.13796
-0.13796
-0.223507
0.13796
-0.077496
0.0543478
-0.0543478 0.0311997
0.13796
0.269804
0.0543478
-0.077496
-0.223507
-0.13796
-0.077496
0.0543478
0.269804
0.13796
-0.13796
-0.223507
0.0543478
-0.077496
0.13796
0.269804
-0.077496
0.0543478
-0.223507
-0.13796
0.0311997
-0.0543478
Eigenvalues:80.769231, 0.769231, 0.434783, 0.0925926, 0.0925926, 0, 0, 0<

5.5
Using one 4/1 element determine stresses in the cantilever plate due to a temperature rise of 100 C. The
plate is 5 mm thick, 50 mm long, 20 mm wide at the base and 10 mm wide at the tip. Use the following
material properties.
E = 70 GPa; n = 0.49; a = 23 10-6 C
17
Report displacements and effective stresses at element centroids.
y
20
10
0
0
50
Figure 5.10.

0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i u1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj v1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj v2
zz jj
0 0 zzz jjj u3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj v3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj u4
zj
0 0 { k v4
ij 1.16978 107
jj
Plane strain C = jjjj 1.16511 107
jj
k0
ij 46697.8
jj
jj 0
C d = jjjj
jjj 0
j
k0
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
z j z
{ k0{
1.16511 107
7
1.16978 10
0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
46697.8 0
zz
0
23348.9 {
46697.8 0
0
0
k = 1.16667 107
G = 23348.9
Initial strain vector due to temperature change

23
a =
1000000
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
23348.9 {
0
DT = 100
Interpolation functions and their derivatives
e T0 = H 0.0034477 0.0034477 0 L
18
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
P T = 81<

xHs,tL = 25 s + 25
5ts
5s
15 t
25
yHs,tL = - + + +
2
2
2
2
i 25
J = jjjj 5
5t
k 2 - 2
yz
z
15
5s z
2 -
2 z{
375
125 s
detJ = -
2
2
Gauss quadrature points and weights

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
Computation of element matrices at 8-0.57735, -0.57735< with weight = 1.

0
i 25
zyz
J = jj
k 3.94338 8.94338 {
detJ = 223.584
NT = H 0.622008 0.166667 0.0446582 0.166667 L
NT s = H -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 -0.105662 L
NT t = H -0.394338 -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 L

-0.00881854
jij
jj 0
j
B T = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k -0.0440927
0.0176371
-0.0440927
-0.0118146 0
0.0118146
0.0118146
0.00236292 0.0440927
-0.00881854 -0.0118146 0.0176371
0.00236292 0
-0.011181
19
B Tv =
8-0.00881854, -0.0440927, 0.0176371, -0.0118146, 0.00236292, 0.0118146, -0.0111815, 0.0440927<

-0.00587903
jij
jj 0.00293951
j
B Td = jjjj
jj 0.00293951
jj
k -0.0440927
P =H1 L
0.0039382
0.0117581
-0.0293951
-0.00587903 -0.0078764 -0.00078764 0.0078764
0.0146976
-0.00587903 0.0039382
-0.00881854 -0.0118146
0.0176371
0.00157528
0.00372
-0.00078764 -0.0039382 0.00372

0.0118146
0.00236292
k a = H -1.97169 -9.85844 3.94338 -2.64156 0.528312 2.64156
k b = H 0.0000191644 L
10690.7
jij
jj 676.628
jj
jj
jj 1636.92
jj
jj
jj -4422.37
j
k c = jjj
jjj -2864.57
jj
jj -181.302
jj
jj
jj -9463.08
jj
j
k 3927.05
-0.0039382 -0.007
0.0146976
0.04409
9.85844 L
-2.5
zyz
-181.302 -3734.82 -3745.74 -13017.8 zzzz
zz
3250.42
2893.91
-362.604 -438.613 -870.947 -4092.22 -2016.87 zzzz
zz
2814.09
-362.604 2595.5
1184.97
-754.032 3600.
-4655.55 zzzz
zz
-181.302 -438.613 1184.97
767.559
48.5797
2535.62
-1052.25 zzz
zz
-3734.82 -870.947 -754.032 48.5797
1000.74
1003.67
3488.11 zzzz
zz
-3745.74 -4092.22 3600.
2535.62
1003.67
11019.7
-857.93 zzzz
z
-13017.8 -2016.87 -4655.55 -1052.25 3488.11
-857.93 14185.2 {
676.628
1636.92
-4422.37 -2864.57 -181.302 -9463.08 3927.05
13938.5
3250.42
2814.09
r Te = H -158721. -793604. 317442. -212646. 42529.1 212646. -201250. 793604. L
Computation of element matrices at 8-0.57735, 0.57735< with weight = 1.

0
i 25
zyz
J = jj
k 1.05662 8.94338 {
detJ = 223.584
NT = H 0.166667 0.0446582 0.166667 0.622008 L
NT s = H -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 -0.394338 L
NT t = H -0.394338 -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 L

ij -0.00236292
jj
jj 0
T
B = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k -0.0440927
B Tv =
0.00472584
0.0152742 0
-0.0176371
-0.0440927
-0.0118146 0
0.0118146 0
-0.00236292 -0.0118146 0.00472584
0.0118146 0.0152742 0.0440927
8-0.00236292, -0.0440927, 0.00472584, -0.0118146, 0.0152742, 0.0118146, -0.0176371, 0.0440927<
20
-0.00157528
jij
jj 0.00078764
j
B Td = jjjj
jj 0.00078764
jj
k -0.0440927
0.0039382
0.00315056
-0.0293951
-0.00157528 -0.0078764 -0.00509139 0.0078764
0.0146976
-0.00157528 0.0039382
-0.00236292 -0.0118146
PT = H 1 L
0.0101828
k b = H 0.0000191644 L
0.00587
-0.00509139 -0.0039382 0.00587
0.00472584
k a = H -0.528312 -9.85844 1.05662 -2.64156 3.41506
ij 10188.3
jj
jj 181.302
jj
jj
jjj 2641.8
jj
jj -1184.97
j
k c = jjj
jj -2970.75
jj
jj
jj -3418.7
jj
jj
jj -9859.34
jj
k 4422.37
-0.0039382 -0.011
0.0146976
0.0118146
2.64156
0.0152742
0.04409
-3.94338 9.85844 L
-9859.34 4422.37 y
zz
-3814.45 -3250.42 -13315. zzzz
zz
870.947
884.151
-97.1594 -226.257 -1136.39 -3299.7 362.604 zzzz
zz
3567.74
-97.1594 1088.19
919.527
-594.765 362.604
-4061.16 zzzz
zz
2198.17
-226.257 919.527
2352.6
314.024
844.402
-3431.72 zzz
zz
-3814.45 -1136.39 -594.765 314.024
2189.52
4241.07
2219.69 zzzz
zz
-3250.42 -3299.7 362.604
844.402
4241.07
12314.6
-1353.26 zzzz
z
-13315. 362.604
-4061.16 -3431.72 2219.69
-1353.26 15156.5 {
181.302
2641.8
-1184.97 -2970.75 -3418.7
13561.7
870.947
3567.74
r Te = H -42529.1 -793604. 85058.3
2198.17
-212646. 274913. 212646. -317442. 793604. L
Computation of element matrices at 80.57735, -0.57735< with weight = 1.

0
i 25
yz
J = jj
z
3.94338
6.05662
k
{
detJ = 151.416
NT = H 0.166667 0.622008 0.166667 0.0446582 L
NT s = H -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 -0.105662 L
NT t = H -0.105662 -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 L

-0.0130217
jij
jj 0
j
B T = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k -0.0174458
B Tv
0.0260434
-0.00604339 0
-0.00697
-0.0174458 0
-0.0651085 0
0.0651085
0.0651085
-0.00604339 0.017445
-0.0130217 -0.0651085 0.0260434
8-0.0130217, -0.0174458, 0.0260434, -0.0651085, -0.00604339, 0.0651085, -0.00697831, 0.0174458<

=
ij -0.00868113
jj
jj 0.00434056
B Td = jjjj
jjj 0.00434056
j
k -0.0174458
PT = H 1 L
0.00581525
0.0173623
0.0217028
-0.00402893 -0.0217028
-0.0116305 -0.00868113 -0.0434056 0.00201446

0.00581525
-0.00868113 0.0217028
-0.0130217 -0.0651085
0.0260434
-0.004
0.0434056
0.00232
0.00201446
-0.0217028
0.00232
0.0651085
-0.00604339 0.01744
21
k a = H -1.97169 -2.64156 3.94338 -9.85844 -0.915064 9.85844
k b = H 0.0000129785 L
ij 1875.31
jj
jj 267.715
jj
jj
jj 2417.13
jj
jj
jj -3604.55
k c = jjj
jjj -3644.77
jj
jj 2371.
jj
jj
jj -647.667
jj
j
k 965.835
-1.05662 2.64156 L
yz
z
-3245.88 -5076.09 -1090.08 -1113.42 zzzz
zz
4068.24
18184.1
-1998.25 -15728.8 -2605.42 -4872.42 535.431 zzzz
zz
4155.35
-1998.25 22380.5
5067.37
-20539. 535.431
-5996.82 zzzz
zz
-3245.88 -15728.8 5067.37
15159.1
-463.697 4214.53
-1357.8 zzz
zz
zz
-5076.09 -2605.42 -20539. -463.697 20111.7
698.12
5503.4
zz
zz
-1090.08 -4872.42 535.431
4214.53
698.12
1305.56
-143.468 zzzz
z
-1113.42 535.431
-5996.82 -1357.8 5503.4
-143.468 1606.84 {
267.715
2417.13
-3604.55 -3644.77 2371.
2034.16
4068.24
4155.35
-647.667 965.835
r Te = H -158721. -212646. 317442. -793604. -73662.6 793604. -85058.3 212646. L
Computation of element matrices at 80.57735, 0.57735< with weight = 1.

0
i 25
yz
J = jj
z
k 1.05662 6.05662 {
detJ = 151.416
NT = H 0.0446582 0.166667 0.622008 0.166667 L
NT s = H -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 -0.394338 L
NT t = H -0.105662 -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 L

ij -0.00348915
jj
jj 0
B T = jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k -0.0174458
-0.0165108
0.00697831
-0.0174458
-0.0651085 0
0.0130217 0
0.0651085 0
-0.00348915 -0.0651085 0.00697831
0.0651085 0.0130217 0.0174458
B Tv =
8-0.00348915, -0.0174458, 0.00697831, -0.0651085, 0.0130217, 0.0651085, -0.0165108, 0.0174458<

ij -0.0023261
jj
jj 0.00116305
T
B d = jjjj
jj 0.00116305
jj
k -0.0174458
PT = H 1 L
0.0217028
0.0046522
-0.0023261 -0.0434056 -0.00434056 0.0434056
0.00581525
-0.0023261 0.0217028
-0.00348915 -0.0651085 0.00697831
k a = H -0.528312 -2.64156 1.05662 -9.85844 1.97169
k b = H 0.0000129785 L
0.00868113
-0.0217028 -0.01100
0.00581525
-0.0116305
0.005503
-0.00434056 -0.0217028 0.005503

0.0651085
9.85844
-2.5
0.0130217
2.64156 L
0.017445
22
1133.4
jij
jj 71.7341
jj
jj
jj 3900.96
jj
jj
jj -965.835
j
k c = jjj
jj -4229.9
jj
jj
jj -267.715
jj
jj
jj -804.452
jj
k 1161.82
zyz
-267.715 -5514.94 -894.101 -1231.01 zzzz
zz
-14558.6 -4068.24 -4558.85 3513.59 zzzz
zz
3604.55
-19661.3 -2103.28 -5761.65 zzzz
zz
15786.2
999.127
3002.26
-4335.96 zzz
zz
zz
999.127
20582.
3336.83
4594.2
zz
zz
3002.26
3336.83
2361.05
-339.449 zzzz
z
-4335.96 4594.2
-339.449 2398.46 {
71.7341
3900.96
-965.835 -4229.9
1477.72
1090.08
5268.23
1090.08
15216.5
-535.431
5268.23
-535.431 20154.7
-267.715 -14558.6 3604.55

-5514.94 -4068.24 -19661.3
-894.101 -4558.85 -2103.28
-1231.01 3513.59
r Te = H -42529.1 -212646. 85058.3
-5761.65
-267.715 -804.452 1161.82
-793604. 158721. 793604. -201250. 212646. L
After summing contributions from all points, the element equations as follows:
k a = H -5. -25.
10.
k b = H 0.0000642857 L
ij 23887.7
jj
jj 1197.38
jj
jj
jjj 10596.8
jj
jj -10177.7
j
k c = jjj
jj -13710.
jj
jj
jj -1496.72
jj
jj
jj -20774.5
jj
k 10477.1
ij 412777.
jj
jj
6
jjj 1.94564 10
jj
jj
jj -767181.
jj
jj
jj 1.93427 106
k = jjjj
jj -402599.
jj
jj
jj -1.94594 106
jj
jj
jj
jj 757003.
jj
j
6
k -1.93397 10
1197.38
25. L
-10.
10596.8
-10177.7 -13710.
-1496.72 -20774.5 10477.1
-1496.72 -18140.3 -8980.35 -28677.2
31012.1
9279.69
15805.4
9279.69
37178.6
-2993.45 -30952.3 -8681.
15805.4
-2993.45 46218.8
10776.4
-41549.1 2394.76
-1496.72 -30952.3 10776.4
34065.4
898.035
10596.8
-10177.7
43884.
9279.69
15805.4
9279.69
27000.9
-2694.1
-20475.2 -10177.7 15805.4
-2694.1
33347.
-18140.3 -8681.
-41549.1 898.035
-8980.35 -16823.2 2394.76

-28677.2 2394.76
1.94564 106
9.75323 10
-3.87961 10
6
-3.87961 10
6
-1.94594 10
-9.74036 10
3.87991 10
-9.7509 10
1.59273 10
9.73803 10
9.76844 10
3.88021 10
-9.76377 10
6
-1.57238 10
6
3.89128 10
3.89128 10
-9.7427 10
805000. -2.0125 106
-9.76377 10
1.94534 10
1.94534 10
9.76611 10
1.93427 10
9.73803 10
3.
3.
-
-3.87961 10
6
75
6
6
-767181.
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
422954.
402500. 2.0125 106
-9.74036 10
3.88021 10
746826.
-1.93367 10
-1.93367 10
-1.94594 10
-20475.2
-1.94594 106
6
-3.89188 10
746826.
-16823.2 2394.76
-402599.
6
-3.89188 10
6
6
6
9.73803 10
10596.8
1.93427 106
-767181.
r = H -402500. -2.0125 106

T
-25. 5. 25.
1.
-
-805000. 2.0125 106 L
23
jij 412777.
jj
jj 1.94564 106
jjj
jj
jj -767181.
jj
jj
jj 1.93427 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -402599.
jj
jj
jj -1.94594 106
jj
jjj
jj 757003.
jj
j
6
k -1.93397 10
1.94564 106
1.93427 106
-767181.
-1.94594 106
-402599.
75700
9.75323 10
-3.87961 10
9.73803 10
-1.94594 10
-9.74036 10
3.8799
-3.87961 106
1.59273 106
-3.89188 106
746826.
3.88021 106
-1.572
9.73803 10
-3.89188 10
6
-1.94594 10
-9.74036 10
6
-1.93367 10
6
3.88021 10
-9.76377 10
-9.7509 10
9.76844 10
-1.93367 10
746826.
-1.57238 10
3.87991 10
3.89128 10
3.89128 10
-9.7427 10
1.94534 10
@1, 2D
@1, 3D
@1, 4D
@1, 5D
@1, 6D
@3, 3D
@3, 4D
@3, 5D
@3, 6D
@5, 3D
@5, 4D
@5, 5D
@5, 6D
@2, 2D
@2, 3D
@4, 2D
@4, 3D
@3, 2D
@5, 2D
@6, 2D
@6, 3D
@7, 2D
@7, 3D
@8, 2D
@8, 3D
@2, 4D
@4, 4D
@6, 4D
@7, 4D
@8, 4D
9.76611 10
@2, 5D
@4, 5D
@6, 5D
@7, 5D
@8, 5D
@2, 6D
@4, 6D
@6, 6D
@7, 6D
@8, 6D
-3.879
6
-3.87961 10
6
3.8912
-7671
1.93427 10
1
jij zyz
jj 2 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 3 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 4 zz
j z
Locations for element contributions to a global vector: jjj zzz
jjj 5 zzz
jj zz
jjj 6 zzz
jj zz
jjj 7 zzz
jj zz
j z
k8{
ij @1, 1D
jj
jj @2, 1D
jj
jj
jj @3, 1D
jj
jj
jj @4, 1D
and to a global matrix: jjj
jj @5, 1D
jj
jj
jjj @6, 1D
jj
jj @7, 1D
jj
j
k @8, 1D
1.94534 10
422954.
The element contributes to 81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8< global degrees of freedom.
-9.76377 10
6
-767181.
9.73803 10
1.5825
-3.891
@1, 7D
@1, 8D y
zz
@2, 8D zzzz
zz
@3, 7D @3, 8D zzzz
zz
@4, 7D @4, 8D zzzz
zz
@5, 7D @5, 8D zzz
zz
@6, 7D @6, 8D zzzz
zz
@7, 7D @7, 8D zzzz
z
@8, 7D @8, 8D {
@2, 7D

ij 412777.
jj
jj
jj 1.94564 106
jj
jj
jj -767181.
jj
jj
jj 1.93427 106
jjj
jj
jj -402599.
jj
jj
jj -1.94594 106
jj
jjj
jj 757003.
jj
jj
6
k -1.93397 10
1.94564 106
6
9.75323 10
-3.87961 10
6
-3.87961 10
6
-1.94594 10
-9.74036 10
6
-9.7509 10
1.59273 10
9.73803 10
-1.94594 10
-3.89188 10
6
9.76844 10
3.88021 10
-9.76377 10
6
-1.57238 10
6
3.89128 10
3.89128 10
-9.7427 10
-9.74036 10
3.88021 10
746826.
-1.93367 10
-1.93367 10
6
746826.
-1.94594 106
-402599.
6
-3.89188 10
6
3.87991 10
6
6
9.73803 10
1.93427 106
-767181.
-9.76377 10
1.94534 10
1.94534 10
9.76611 10
-3.879
-3.87961 10
6
1.93427 10
9.73803 10
3.8912
-7671
6
6
-767181.
3.8799
-1.572
422954.
75700
1.5825
-3.891
24

Node
dof
Value
u1
v1
0
0
u4
v4
0
0

ij 1.59273 106
jj
jj
6
jjj -3.89188 10
jj
jj
jj 746826.
jj
j
6
k 3.88021 10
-3.89188 106
6
9.76844 10
-1.93367 10
6
422954.
1.94534 106
-1.93367 10
-9.76377 10
yz i u2
zz jj
z
-9.76377 10 zzzz jjjj v2
zz jjj
z
1.94534 106 zzz jjj u3
zz j
z
9.76611 106 { k v3
3.88021 106
746826.
yz ijj 805000.
zz jj
zz jj -2.0125 106
zz = jj
zz jj
zz jj 402500.
zz jj
j
{ k 2.0125 106
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
8u2 = 0.202609, v2 = -0.0323944, u3 = 0.205101, v3 = 0.0523294<

u
0.202609
-0.0323944
0.205101
0.0523294
Computation of reactions
Equation numbers of dof with specified values: 81, 2, 7, 8<
Extracting equations 81, 2, 7, 8< from the global system we have
ij 412777.
jj
jj
jj 1.94564 106
jj
jjj
jj 757003.
jj
j
6
k -1.93397 10
1.94564 106
6
9.75323 10
3.87991 10
-9.7509 10
1.93427 106
-767181.
6
-3.87961 10
-1.57238 10
6
3.89128 10
Substituting the nodal values and re-arranging
9.73803 10
3.89128 10
-9.7427 10
-402599.
6
-1.94594 10
-767181.
-1.94594 106
757003.
3.87991
1.58256
-9.74036 10
-3.87961 10
1.93427 10
9.73803 10
-3.8915
25
ij R1 yz ijjj 412777.
jj
z
jj R2 zzz jjjj 1.94564 106
jj
zz = jj
jj
zz j
jjj R3 zzz jjjj 757003.
j
z jj
k R4 { jk -1.93397 106
1.94564 106
-767181.
1.93427 106
-402599.
-1.94594 106
9.75323 106
-3.87961 106
9.73803 106
-1.94594 106
-9.74036 106
3.87991 106
-1.57238 106
3.89128 106
-767181.
-3.87961 106
-9.7509 106
3.89128 106
-9.7427 106
1.93427 106
9.73803 106
Carrying out computations, the reactions are as follows.

Label
dof
Reaction
R1
u1
-1.74623 10-10
R2
v1
2179.61
R3
u4
1.16415 10-10
R4
v4
-2179.61
Sum of Reactions
dof: u
dof: v
2.32831 10-10
Nodal displacements = H 0 0 0.202609 -0.0323944 0.205101 0.0523294 0 0 L
7
jij 1.16978 10
jj
Plane strain C = jjj 1.16511 107
jj
k0
e T0 = H 0.0034477 0.0034477 0 L
1.16511 107
7
1.16978 10
0
zyz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
23348.9 {
0
25
Solution at 8s, t< = 80, 0< 8x, y< = :25, >
2
1 1 1 1
Interpolation functions = : , , , >
4 4 4 4
u = 0.101927
v = 0.00498375
e T = H 0.00406879 0.00282413 0 1.68106 10-16 0 0 L
s T = H -6.36646 10-12 -58.1229 -190.003 3.92508 10-12

Principal stresses = H -6.36646 10-12
Effective stress Hvon MisesL = 168.63
-58.1229 -190.003 L
0 0L
26
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-1, -1< 8x, y< = 80, 0<
Interpolation functions = 81, 0, 0, 0<
u = 0.
v = 0.
e T = H 0.00405217 0. 0 -0.000647888 0 0 L
s T = H -33098.5 -33287.7 -33287.7 -15.1275 0 0 L
Principal stresses = H -33097.3 -33287.7 -33288.9 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-1, 1< 8x, y< = 80, 20<
u = 0.
v = 0.
e T = H 0.00410201 0. 0 0.00104659 0 0 L
s T = H -32515.5 -32707.1 -32707.1 24.4367 0 0 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 81, -1< 8x, y< = 850, 10<

u = 0.202609
v = -0.0323944
e T = H 0.00400234 0.00847238 0 -0.00209318 0 0 L

s T = H 65031. 65239.8 64844.1 -48.8733 0 0 L
Principal stresses = H 65250.6
65020.1 64844.1 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 81, 1< 8x, y< = 850, 20<
u = 0.205101
v = 0.0523294
e = H 0.00410201 0.00847238 0 0.00129578 0 0 L

T
s T = H 66197. 66401.1 66005.4 30.2549 0 0 L
66192.6
66005.4 L
27
Solution summary
Nodal solution
x
50
10
0.202609
-0.0323944
50
20
0.205101
0.0523294
20
Solution at element centroids

Coord
Disp
Stresses
Principal stresses
Effective Stress
-6.36646 10-12
-58.1229
-190.003
168.63
-12
25
25
-6.36646 10
-58.1229
-190.003
3.92508 10-12
0
0
0.101927
0.00498375
Support reactions
Node
dof
Reaction
-1.74623 10-10
2179.61
1.16415 10-10
-2179.61
Sum of applied loads H 2.32831 10-10
0L
Sum of support reactions H 0 2.32831 10-10 L
Ansys solution
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
28
NODE
UX
0.0000
0.19728
0.19728
0.0000
UY
UZ
0.0000
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
-0.29478E-01
0.0000
0.19947
0.58957E-01
0.0000
0.20590
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

NODE
VALUE
0.19728
PRINT S
0.58957E-01
0.0000
0.20590
PRIN ELEMENT SOLUTION PER ELEMENT
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
ELEMENT=
NODE
1
S1
PLANE182
S2
S3
SINT
SEQV
45.014
-91.606
-184.25
229.26
199.76
26.497
-73.089
-184.25
210.75
182.60
21.007
-67.599
-184.25
205.26
178.31
46.726
-93.318
-184.25
230.98
201.53
29
!* Problem 5-5
!* UP Formulation.
PREP7
!*
ET,1,PLANE182
!*
!*
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,3,2
KEYOPT,1,6,1
KEYOPT,1,10,0
!*
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,70000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.499
UIMP,1,REFT,,,
K,1,,,,
K,2,50,10,,
K,3,50,20,,
K,4,0,20,,
A,1,2,3,4
esize,100
MSHKEY,1
AMESH,ALL
DL,4, ,ALL,
SOL
FINISH
TUNIF,100,
STATUS,SOLU
ERESX,NO
30
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
PRNSOL,U,Y
5.6
Analyze Problem 5.5 using one 9/3 quadrilateral element.
y
20
15
10
5
7
2
4
5
0
1
x
0
10
20
30
40
50
31
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
7
jij 1.16978 10
jj
jj
k0
46697.8
jij
jj 0
j
C d = jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
1.16511 107
7
1.16978 10
0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
46697.8 0
zz
zz
0
23348.9 {
46697.8 0
0
0
7
k = 1.16667 10
zyz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
23348.9 {
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
z j z
{ k0{
G = 23348.9
Initial strain vector due to temperature change

23
a =
1000000
0 0 0 y i u1
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj v1
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj v2
zz jj
0 0 0 zzz jjj u3
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj v3
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u4
zz jj
0 0 0 zzz jjj v4
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u5
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj v5
zz jj
0 0 0 zzz jjj u6
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj v6
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u7
zz jj
0 0 0 zzz jjj v7
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u8
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj v8
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj u9
zj
0 0 0 { k v9
DT = 100
e T0 = H 0.0034477 0.0034477 0 L

1
1
1
NT = : Hs - 1L s Ht - 1L t, - Hs - 1L Hs + 1L Ht - 1L t, s Hs + 1L Ht - 1L t,
4
2
4
1
1
1
- s Hs + 1L Ht - 1L Ht + 1L, s Hs + 1L t Ht + 1L, - Hs - 1L Hs + 1L t Ht + 1L,
2
4
2
1
1
Hs - 1L s t Ht + 1L, - Hs - 1L s Ht - 1L Ht + 1L, Hs - 1L Hs + 1L Ht - 1L Ht + 1L>
4
2
32
1
1
1
NT s = : H2 s - 1L Ht - 1L t, -s Ht - 1L t, H2 s + 1L Ht - 1L t, - H2 s + 1L It2 - 1M,
4
4
2
1
1
1
H2 s + 1L t Ht + 1L, -s t Ht + 1L, H2 s - 1L t Ht + 1L, - H2 s - 1L It2 - 1M, 2 s It2 - 1M>
4
4
2
1
1
1
NT t = : Hs - 1L s H2 t - 1L, - Is 2 - 1M H2 t - 1L, s Hs + 1L H2 t - 1L, -s Hs + 1L t,
4
2
4
1
1
1
s Hs + 1L H2 t + 1L, - Is 2 - 1M H2 t + 1L, Hs - 1L s H2 t + 1L, -Hs - 1L s t, 2 Is 2 - 1M t>
4
2
4
P T = 81, s, t<

xHs,tL = 25 s + 25
5ts
5s
15 t
25
yHs,tL = - + + +
2
2
2
2
i 25
J = jjjj 5
5t
k 2 - 2
0
15
5s
yz
zz
z
{
375
125 s
detJ = -
2
2

Point
Weight
s -0.774597
t -0.774597
0.308642
s -0.774597
t 0.
0.493827
s -0.774597
t 0.774597
0.308642
s 0.
t -0.774597
0.493827
s 0.
t 0.
0.790123
s 0.
t 0.774597
0.493827
s 0.774597
t -0.774597
0.308642
s 0.774597
t 0.
0.493827
s 0.774597
t 0.774597
0.308642
Computation of element matrices at 8-0.774597, -0.774597< with weight = 0.308642
33
i 25
J = jj
k 4.43649
yz
z
9.43649 {
detJ = 235.912
NT =
H 0.472379 0.274919 -0.06
-0.0349193 0.007621 -0.0349193 -0.06
N s = H -0.876028 1.06476
T
-0.18873 -0.109839 0.0239718 -0.135242 0.11127
N t = H -0.876028 -0.509839 0.11127

T
ij -0.0185668
jj
jj 0
T
B = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k -0.0928341
0.274919 0.16 L
0.0521782
-0.135242 0.0239718 -0.109839 -0.18873 1.0647

0
-0.0096417 0
-0.0928341 0
-0.0540284 0
-0.50983
-0.0185668 -0.0540284 0.0521782
B Tv = 8-0.0185668, -0.0928341, 0.0521782, -0.0540284,
-0.0018502
0.0117915
0.0117915
-0.0096417 -0.0143318
-0.0096417, 0.0117915, -0.00185023, -0.0143318, 0.000508067, 0.00254033,

-0.00334409, -0.0116398, 0.008, -0.02, -0.040417, 0.112834, 0.0131336, 0.0656682<
ij -0.0123779
jj
jj 0.00618894
B Td = jjjj
jjj 0.00618894
j
k -0.0928341
PT = H 1
0.0309447
0.0347855
0.0180095
-0.0064278 -0.00393049 -0.001233
-0.0618894 -0.0173927 -0.0360189 0.0032139
0.00786098
0.0006167
-0.0173927 0.0180095
0.0032139
-0.00393049 0.0006167
-0.0185668 -0.0540284 0.0521782
0.0117915
-0.0096417
0.0309447
-0.774597 -0.774597 L
-0.014331
-3.93394 -0.702036 0.858566

-0.13472 -1.04353 0.
ij -1.3519 -6.75948 3.79922
jj
j
-2.94286 3.04722
0.543795
-0.665042 0.104353 0.808318 k a = jj 1.04717 5.23587
jj
1.04717
5.23587
-2.94286
3.04722
0.543795
-0.665042 0.104353 0.808318 k
ij 6.24107 10-6
jj
j
k b = jjj -4.83431 10-6
jj
j
-6
k -4.83431 10
-4.83431 10-6
3.74464 10-6
3.74464 10-6
-4.83431 10-6 yz
zz
z
3.74464 10-6 zzzz
zz
3.74464 10-6 {
34
15433.1
jij
jj 976.778
jj
jj
jj 6331.08
jj
jj
jj -9372.04
jj
jj
jj -1455.21
jj
jj
jj 1769.85
jj
jj
jj 2339.81
jj
jj
jj -9.57679
jj
jj -422.314
j
k c = jjjj
jj -26.7288
jj
jj
jjj 1977.81
jj
jj 282.843
jj
jj
jj 2819.83
jj
jj
jj -1683.48
jj
jj -16107.2
jj
jj
jj 8753.3
jj
jj
jj -10916.9
jj
j
k -690.945
976.778
6331.08
-9372.04 -1455.21 1769.85
20121.6
7195.48
9722.46
7195.48
11134.2
-1597.58 -2223.47 188.292
9722.46
-1597.58 11245.5
-1386.68 -2223.47 455.58

-2177.
188.292
257.711
3074.32
-1386.68 -2177.
-9.57679 -4
257.711
3074.32
-2
1097.58
1017.51
-1
455.58
-2299.41 -1384.64 1591.1
447.105
-64.4277 -246.866 -193.707 39
25
-2299.41 -64.4277 473.216
259.651
-352.743 -4
1097.58
-1384.64 -246.866 259.651
356.96
15.0272
-6
1017.51
1591.1
471.42
0.2
0.262061
11
-26.7288 -173.245 256.459
-193.707 -352.743 15.0272

39.8208
-48.4305 -64.027
-550.613 -196.899 -266.048 37.9454
59.5719
-7.05206 -84.1264 0.7
235.488
297.633
15.5558
673.622
-1237.31 -160.25
2554.98
995.523
1128.89
1473.05
2783.28
-1284.27 -575.777 220.92
3956.18
447.943
3159.08
-7814.22 -15144.6 7534.29

-22468.5 -2960.4
-194.235 -256.301 57.0709
3145.28
-17404.2 422.81
-690.945 -4478.43 6629.51
1029.38
-14233.5 -5089.88 -6877.39 980.896
yz
z
9.43649 {
-7
192.86
-7
46
-1309.4
-2579.73 -1011.44 44
3678.42
1221.39
-3538.53 -2
-1251.94 -1655.11 6.77435
29
-182.297 -2174.69 18
1539.95
Computation of element matrices at 8-0.774597, 0.< with weight = 0.493827

0
453.755
-17.7064 -5
388.662
-58.1843 -665.709 -236.864 624.579
r Te = H -108828. -544138. 305837. -316682. -56513.9 69114.6
i 25
J = jj
k 2.5
2339.81
-10844.9 -84004.5 2977.9
detJ = 235.912
NT = H 0. 0. 0. -0.0872983 0. 0. 0. 0.687298 0.4 L
NT s = H 0. 0. 0. -0.274597 0. 0. 0. -1.2746 1.54919 L

NT t = H -0.343649 -0.2 0.0436492 0. -0.0436492 0.2
ij 0.0036417
jj
jj 0
B T = jjjj
jjj 0
jj
k -0.036417
0.00211943
-0.000462557 0
-0.036417 0
-0.0211943 0
0.0036417
-0.0211943 0.00211943
B Tv = 80.0036417, -0.036417, 0.00211943, -0.0211943,
0.343649 0. 0. L
-0.01098
0.00462557
0.00462557
-0.000462557 0
-0.000462557, 0.00462557, -0.0109839, 0, 0.000462557, -0.00462557,

-0.00211943, 0.0211943, -0.0036417, 0.036417, -0.0509839, 0, 0.0619677, 0<
35
0.0024278
jij
jj -0.0012139
j
B Td = jjjj
jj -0.0012139
jj
k -0.036417
PT = H 1
0.012139
0.00141295
0.00706477
-0.000308371 -0.00154186
-0.024278 -0.000706477 -0.0141295 0.000154186
-0.00
0.00308371
0.0036
0.012139
-0.000706477 0.00706477
0.000154186
-0.00154186
0.0036
0.0036417
-0.0211943
0.00462557
-0.000462557 0
-0.774597 0. L
0.00211943
-4.24258 0.246914
-2.46914 -0.0538879 0.538879
-1.27962 0 0.053
ij 0.424258
j
k a = jjjj -0.328629 3.28629
-0.191258 1.91258
0.0417414
-0.417414 0.991189 0 -0.04
jj
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
k0
ij 9.98571 10-6
jj
k b = jjjj -7.73489 10-6
jj
k0
ij 3655.56
jj
jj -120.249
jj
jj
jj 2127.49
jj
jj
jj -69.9834
jj
jj
jjj -464.317
jj
jjj 15.2736
jj
jj -145.074
jj
jj
jj 1088.06
jj
jj
jj 464.317
k c = jjjj
jjj -15.2736
jj
jj -2127.49
jj
jj
jj 69.9834
jj
jj
jj -3655.56
jj
jj
jj 120.249
jj
jj -673.392
jj
jj
jj 5050.44
jj
jj
jj 818.467
jj
j
k -6138.5
r Te
-7.73489 10-6
-6
5.99142 10
0
-120.249 2127.49
4846.02
0 yz
zz
z
0 zzzz
z
0{
-69.9834 -464.317 15.2736
-69.9834 2820.33
-69.9834 1238.18
15.2736
-40.7295 -270.227 8.88905
2820.33
-40.7295 1641.4
8.88905
15.2736
-270.227 8.88905
58.976
-615.525 8.88905
-358.229 -1.94
-725.372 -84.4317 -422.158 18.4269
-145.074 1088.06
-84.4317 633.238
27
-358.229 -422.158 -63.3238 -8

-1.94
18.4269
-138.201 -5
78.182
92.1343
13.8201
1.9
92.1343
437.564
-1
-108.806 633.238
-63.3238 -138.201 13.8201
328.173
13
-15.2736 270.227
-8.88905 -58.976
58
1.94
-18.4269 138.201
615.525
-8.88905 358.229
1.94
-78.182
-92.1343 -13.8201 -1
69.9834
-1238.18 40.7295
270.227
-8.88905 84.4317
-2820.33 40.7295
120.249
-1641.4
-2127.49 69.9834
-4846.02 69.9834
-8.88905 358.229
464.317
422.158
-15.2736 145.074
-2820.33 -15.2736 615.525
-633.238 -2
63.3238
8.8
-1088.06 -4
725.372
108.806
15
-3366.96 -391.907 -1959.53 85.532
427.66
2031.04
-8
64.149
1523.28
64
10
-505.044 2939.3
-293.93
-641.49
4092.33
476.339
2381.69
-103.959 -519.795 -2468.6
613.85
-3572.54 357.254
= H 34152.8 -341528. 19876.5
779.692
-77.9692 0
-198765. -4337.97 43379.7
-1851.45 -7
-103009. 0 4337.97
Computation of element matrices at 8-0.774597, 0.774597< with weight = 0.308642

0
i 25
yz
z
J = jj
k 0.563508 9.43649 {
detJ = 235.912
NT =
H -0.06
46
-615.525 -725.372 -108.806 -1
-0.0349193 0.007621 -0.0349193 -0.06
0.274919 0.472379 0.274919 0.16 L
-4337
36
NT s = H 0.11127
N t =
T
H 0.18873
-0.876028 -0.50983
0.109839 -0.0239718 0.135242 -0.11127 0.509839 0.876028 -1.06476 -0.619677 L
0.004
jij
jj 0
j
B T = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k 0.02
B Tv
-0.135242 0.0239718 -0.109839 -0.18873 1.06476
-0.00567204 0
0.00101613
-0.00471659 0
0.02
0.0116398
-0.00254033 0
0.014
0.004
0.0116398
-0.00567204 -0.00254033 0.00101613
0.0143318
-0.0
0.000846778
-0.0
= 80.004, 0.02, -0.00567204, 0.0116398, 0.00101613,
-0.00254033, -0.00471659, 0.0143318, -0.00728341, -0.0117915, 0.0413725,

0.0540284, -0.0371336, 0.0928341, -0.0178502, -0.112834, 0.0262673, -0.0656682<
ij 0.00266667
jj
jj -0.00133333
T
B d = jjjj
jj -0.00133333
jjj
k 0.02
P =H1
T
-0.00666667 -0.00378136 -0.00387993 0.000677422

0.0133333
0.00189068
0.00775985
-0.000338711 -0.00169356 0.00
-0.00666667 0.00189068
-0.00387993 -0.000338711 0.000846778
0.00
0.004
-0.00567204 -0.00254033
0.01
0.0116398
-0.774597 0.774597 L
0.00101613
1.45625
-0.412995 0.847521
0.0739871
-0.184968 -0.343426 1.0435
ij 0.29125
j
-0.656487 -0.0573102 0.143275
0.266017
-0.808
k a = jjjj -0.225601 -1.12801 0.319905
jj
1.12801
-0.319905 0.656487
0.0573102
-0.143275 -0.266017 0.8083
k 0.225601
ij 6.24107 10-6
jj
j
k b = jjj -4.83431 10-6
jj
j
-6
k 4.83431 10
-4.83431 10-6
-6
3.74464 10
-6
-3.74464 10
4.83431 10-6
-6
-3.74464 10
3.74464 10-6
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
37
716.305
jij
jj 45.3357
jj
jj
jj 344.344
jj
jj
jj -245.63
jj
jj
jj -77.1625
jj
jj
jj 46.0672
jj
jj
jj 444.541
jj
jj
jj -225.347
jj
jj -466.971
j
k c = jjjj
jj -194.192
jj
jj
jjj 2212.19
jj
jj 1161.8
jj
jj
jj 2819.83
jj
jj
jj -1683.48
jj
jj -3998.41
jj
jj
jj -95.3983
jj
jj
jj -1994.67
jj
j
k 1190.85
r Te = H 23445.6
45.3357
344.344
-245.63
-77.1625 46.0672
933.916
207.728
489.126
-40.3088 -108.258 204.377
207.728
303.263
-37.4141 -63.3346 3.77699
489.126
-37.4141 361.81
444.541
344.25
-225.347 -4
617.669
11.0911
-76.825
-75.9781 423.625
20
-1.46282 -72.7601 3.86435
34
-40.3088 -63.3346 11.0911
13.3117
-108.258 3.77699
-76.825
-1.46282 16.3836
11.1785
-90.6762 -4
204.377
344.25
-75.9781 -72.7601 11.1785
399.627
-38.3072 -2
617.669
-1.20076 423.625
3.86435
84.9131
-139.693 209.791
34.1487
-584.105 -219.932 -240.883 45.0355
-90.6762 -38.3072 503.42
21
-41.3404 -209.433 212.86
35
55.3177
-240.497 -324.669 48
-570.414 537.211
-1066.8
-138.042 212.455
2730.77
1166.04
1026.58
-240.903 -239.645 1296.88
1473.05
2314.5
-405.314 -486.464 53.4575
3956.18
-138.027 2807.5
53.4575
-362.686 -2003.33 1323.55

-5236.81 -1078.6
-1041.99 -1637.21 286.708

-2798.49 97.6362
446.192
-2804.99 207.04
yz
z
7.5 {
-141.219 -1
-246.317 -2558.4
25
1194.73
-1038.11 -3522.52 -5
-37.8143 -1880.87 99.8943

288.966
-2344.
-14889.9 -27645.8 84004.5
88
-1
-42691.
detJ = 187.5
NT = H 0. 0.687298 0. 0. 0. -0.0872983 0. 0. 0.4 L
NT s = H -0.343649 0. 0.343649 0.2
0. L
-0.0436492 0. 0.0436492 -0.2
NT t = H 0. -1.2746 0. 0. 0. -0.274597 0. 0. 1.54919 L
ij -0.013746
jj
jj 0
B T = jjjj
jjj 0
jj
k0
-3
15
618.907
344.11
5955.96
2658.95
-1105.27 -1
1423.48
-598.724 -408.507 3313.68
-1985.94 -37.8143 423.521
117228. -33246.1 68225.4
874.088
Computation of element matrices at 80., -0.774597< with weight = 0.493827

i 25
J = jj
k 4.43649
84
-1.20076 -1
0.0301586
0.008
-0.001
-0.169946 0
0.013746 0
0.008
0.013746 0
-0.013746 -0.169946 0.0301586
B Tv = 8-0.013746, 0, 0.0301586, -0.169946, 0.013746, 0, 0.008, 0,
-0.00174597, 0, 0.00649731, -0.0366129, 0.00174597, 0, -0.008, 0, -0.0366559, 0.206559<

ij -0.00916398
jj
jj 0.00458199
B Td = jjjj
jj 0.00458199
jj
k0
0.0201057
-0.0100529 -0.113297 -0.00458199 0
-0.00266667
-0.0100529 0.0566487
-0.00266667
-0.013746 -0.169946
0.0566487
0.0301586
0.00916398
-0.00458199 0
0
0.00533333
0.013746 0
38
PT = H 1
0. -0.774597 L
-15.7358 1.27277
0
ij -1.27277 0 2.79246
j
0 0
0
0
0
k a = jjjj 0
jj
-0.985887 0
k 0.985887 0 -2.16303 12.1889
ij 7.93651 10-6
jj
k b = jjjj 0
jj
-6
k -6.14759 10
544.668
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1195.
jj
jj
jj -3366.96
jj
jj
jj -544.668
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -316.991
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 69.1819
j
k c = jjjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -257.448
jj
jj -725.372
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0.00143625
0.00330978
-0.00287251
-0.00165489 0.0131618
0.00143625
-0.00165489 -0.0065809 0.00173848
-0.000861752 0.0197427
0.774597 0.774597 L
0.00173848
0.00496467
0.0339228
ij -0.0369936 -0.184968 0.213125 0.847521 -0.22389 1.45625

j
k a = jjjj -0.0286551 -0.143275 0.165086 0.656487 -0.173424 1.12801
jj
k -0.0286551 -0.143275 0.165086 0.656487 -0.173424 1.12801
ij 3.67957 10-6
jj
j
k b = jjj 2.85018 10-6
jj
j
-6
k 2.85018 10
ij 19.6011
jj
jj 1.24058
jj
jj
jj -90.9824
jj
jj
jj -10.0728
jj
jj
jj -140.499
jj
jj 42.0585
jj
jj
jj 798.087
jj
jj
jj -216.912
jj
jj
jj -716.305
k c = jjjj
jj -45.3357
jj
jj
jj -344.344
jj
jj 245.63
jj
jj
jj 77.1625
jj
jj
jj -46.0672
jj
jj
jj -109.413
jj
jj
jj -2.6105
jj
jj
jj 506.693
jj
k 32.0692
2.85018 10-6
2.20774 10-6
2.20774 10-6
2.85018 10-6 yz
zz
z
2.20774 10-6 zzzz
zz
2.20774 10-6 {
0.01
0.0226152
-0.0
-0.0113076
-0.0
-0.00521544 -0.1
-8.21573 1
1.06065
0.821573 -6.36387 1
0.821573 -6.36387 1
1.24058
-90.9824 -10.0728 -140.499 42.0585
25.5559
-2.75866 -117.975 -44.3174 -190.836 236.446
-216.912 -7
798.087
1080.71
-4
-2.75866 423.622
32.7481
636.683
-215.745 -3623.27 1123.84
33
-117.975 32.7481
545.614
237.612
869.097
-44.3174 636.683
237.612
1189.79
-59.1114 -6679.56 173.117
-190.836 -215.745 869.097
-1278.31 -4926.66 36
51
-59.1114 1565.18
440.404
-8805.63 -1
236.446
-3623.27 -1278.31 -6679.56 440.404
37528.4
-1579.86 -2
1080.71
1123.84
-4926.66 173.117
-8805.63 -1579.86 49561.9
79
-45.3357 3324.87
368.1
5134.41
-1536.99 -29165.3 7926.83
26
-933.916 100.813
4311.27
1619.54
6973.92
-207.728 1517.14
1045.14
3427.17
533.2
-489.126 -1187.7
2195.69
-1199.01 4388.
-8640.69 -39493.7 16
-19053.6 -3441.39 12
40.3088
-342.694 -205.064 -735.797 -76.7913 4100.72
108.258
224.659
-9.92462 506.554
527.785
-2
-948.535 -1204.43 5313.54
16
799.737
-214.248 -4536.12 1093.8
39
215.475
1081.95
-487.888 202.313
70.233
-143.301 -4.54436 660.521
-1139.03 -6122.24 95
32.0692
-2351.92 -260.384 -3631.94 1087.22
660.626
-71.3121 -3049.67 -1145.62 -4933.15 6112.18
r Te = H -2977.98 -14889.9 17156.6
68225.4
-24544.7 -8
7053.29
-5607.22 -1
20630.7
27936.7
-1
-18023.1 117228. 85382. -661366. 108828. 5
-33.3333 3.33333
-8.33333 6.66667
ij -1.66667 -8.33333 6.66667
j
-3.33333 0
2.77778
-8.33333 4.44444
k a = jjjj 0.555556 8.33333
jj
2.22222
5.55556
-4.44444
22.2222
-2.77778
5.55556
1.11111
k
1.66
1.11
-11.1111 1.66
46
jij 0.0000642857
j
k b = jjjj -7.14286 10-6
jj
k0
20900.4
jij
jj 926.544
jj
jj
jj 5076.64
jj
jj
jj -13424.6
jj
jj
jj -6298.03
jj
jj
jj 3582.64
jj
jj
jj 6839.13
jj
jj
jj 494.157
jj
jj -887.011
j
k c = jjjj
jj -185.309
jj
jj
jjj 1551.65
jj
jj 823.594
jj
jj
jj 1900.03
jj
jj
jj -3335.56
jj
jj -21070.8
jj
jj
jj 14083.5
jj
jj
jj -8011.93
jj
j
k -2964.94
-7.14286 10-6
0.0000214286
0
zyz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
0.0000214286 {
0
926.544
5076.64
-13424.6 -6298.03 3582.64
6839.13
494.157
-8
27025.4
12518.6
8851.99
12518.6
108084.
-5133.74 15134.4
-2903.17 -8506.91 494.157
9453.22
-1
8851.99
-5133.74 138234.
-13877.6 -17684.2 -2470.78 25
12065.7
21439.8
-2470.78 -24793.5 78
12065.7
38615.9
-3644.4
-37378.
-11118.5 42
-8506.91 -13877.6 21439.8
-2903.17 15134.4
-3644.4
47878.8
14824.7
-49652.9 -3
494.157
-17684.2 -2470.78 -37378.
14824.7
83453.2
-2470.78 -3
9453.22
-2470.78 -24793.5 -11118.5 -49652.9 -2470.78 105829.
13
-185.309 2549.85
782.415
4296.69
-3397.33 -36389.7 13589.3
-1205.74 782.415
3353.68
3088.48
5924.94
823.594
12788.8
-466.703 3933.49
1884.38
-466.703 17758.9
3150.25
2935.29
3046.48
-905.954 2922.11
247.078
-1465.17 -988.313 10342.7
33
-11859.8 -16313.8 3953.25
8914.59
-1235.39 -13480.6 494.157
73
-28774.7 3953.25
-905.954 -1232.92 247.078
-18000.5 -1235.39 11009.8
-2964.94 -112571. 5600.44

-11774.1 5600.44
-947.133 -22691.7 3788.53
-947.133 4391.4
-25986.
-149767. 4447.41
4447.41
34
-12353.9 -48911.6 14
14
3788.53
-28549.1 -1
8025.1
-988.313 -6
494.157
-18758.2 74
29306.8
-1317.75 -1
-31019.9 -1317.75 45040.7
-3
47
jij 301211.
jj
jj 926061.
jjj
jj
jj -675202.
jj
jj
jj 3.08882 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -324278.
jj
jj
jj 629572.
jj
jj
jj 42293.4
jj
jj
jj -1.15177 106
jjj
jj
jj 152009.
j
k = jjj
jj 526089.
jj
jjj
jj -58277.4
jj
jj
jj 1.50763 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -224121.
jj
jj
jj 223793.
jj
jj
jj 572788.
jj
jj
jj -1.13818 106
jj
jj
jj
jj 213577.
jj
j
6
k -4.61202 10
-675202.
926061.
6
3.08882 106
-324278.
629572.
42
1.
5.20667 10
-2.93462 10
8.76162 10
-25062.1
-811767.
-2.93462 106
2.04699 106
-7.60564 106
541409.
-866996.
8.76162 10
-7.60564 10
-25062.1
1.28571 10
-3.23767 10
2.30206 10
681201.
-333158.
3.68271 10
-1.45063 10
6
-1.19576 10
6
431592.
2.77175 10
-1.61807 10
235819.
-2.29594 10
6
4.66367 10
-2.56016 10
6
-2.90943 10
-3.63703 10
-1.15344 10
2.30848 10
-1.15406 10
9.22371 10
r T = H -134167. -670833. 536667. -2.68333 106
1.49478 10
-588158.
-217198.
-4.62403 10
3.68245 10
1.43909 10
5.76576 10
52
-1.30861 10
-2.86965 10
-2.63631 10
7
5.
-1.26281 10
3.
-
7.00782 10
6
54
-504614.
303628.
7
640832.
6.74026 10
2.
-1.41792 10
-3.78879 10
540552.
95
2.77279 10
641702.
6.72325 10
-369019.
1.12765 10
-2.06168 10
-2.93031 10
115946.
6
72435.3
5.11431 10
-2.88799 10
6
632311.
1.17657 10
-2.56854 10
955341.
1.42921 10
597824.
6
1.05183 10
-1.15474 10
-218235.
7
6
-2.56854 10
6
6
6
1.17657 10
-2.87121 10
6
-5.16204 10
-208251.
6
4.11322 10
-5.16204 10
-866996.
6
541409.
-811767.
7.13962 10
-1.15537 10
268333. -670833. 536667. 0 134167. 670833.
48
jij 301211.
jj
jj 926061.
jjj
jj
jj -675202.
jj
jj
jj 3.08882 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -324278.
jj
jj
jj 629572.
jj
jj
jj 42293.4
jj
jj
jj -1.15177 106
jjj
jj
jj 152009.
jj
jj
jj 526089.
jj
jj
jj
jj -58277.4
jj
jj
6
jjj 1.50763 10
jj
jj
jj -224121.
jj
jj
jj 223793.
jj
jj
jj 572788.
jj
jj
jj -1.13818 106
jj
jj
jj
jj 213577.
jj
j
6
k -4.61202 10
-675202.
926061.
6
3.08882 106
-324278.
629572.
42293
5.20667 10
-2.93462 10
8.76162 10
-25062.1
-811767.
1.2857
-2.93462 106
2.04699 106
-7.60564 106
541409.
-866996.
-2082
8.76162 106
-7.60564 106
4.11322 107
-5.16204 106
1.17657 107
-25062.1
-5.16204 10
541409.
-811767.
-866996.
6
1.28571 10
-3.23767 10
6
-2.87121 10
2.30206 10
681201.
-333158.
6
3.68271 10
-1.45063 10
6
-1.19576 10
6
431592.
2.77175 10
-1.61807 10
235819.
-2.29594 10
6
-2.90943 10
-3.63703 10
-1.15344 10
5.11431 10
2.30848 10
6.74026 10
-1.15406 10
6
9.22371 10
1.49478 10
-588158.
-217198.
-4.62403 10
3.68245 10
1.43909 10
5.76576 10
-7100
52276
-5756
-2.86965 10
6
7.13962 10
-3.090
7
-1.15537 10
81, 2, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 11, 12, 5, 6, 3, 4, 9, 10< global degrees of freedom.
The element contributes to
-4515
-1.30861 10
-2.63631 10
7
5.5435
-1.26281 10
3.4666
-8602
7.00782 10
640832.
54860
-504614.
303628.
7
-5786
-1.41792 10
2.1353
-3.78879 10
2.77279 10
641702.
-2.887
540552.
95534
-369019.
1.12765 10
6
6.72325 10
-2.93031 10
-2.56016 10
6
72435.3
-2.06168 10
6
4.66367 10
632311.
-218235.
-2.88799 10
6
1.42921 10
115946.
6
-2.56854 10
955341.
-1.15474 10
597824.
6
1.05183 10
-2.56854 10
6
-3.237
6
1.17657 10
-208251.
6
-2.305
49
1
jij
jj 2
jj
jj
jj 7
jj
jj
jj 8
jj
jj
jj 13
jj
jj
jj 14
jj
jj
jj 15
jj
jj
jj 16
jj
jj 17
j
Locations for element contributions to a global vector: jjjj
jj 18
jj
jj
jjj 11
jj
jjj 12
jj
jjj 5
jj
jjj 6
jj
jjj 3
jj
jjj
jj 4
jj
jj
jj 9
jj
k 10
@1, 1D
jij
jj @2, 1D
jj
jj
jj @7, 1D
jj
jj
jj @8, 1D
jj
jj
jj @13, 1D
jj
jj
jj @14, 1D
jj
jj
jj @15, 1D
jj
jj
jj @16, 1D
jj
jj @17, 1D
j
and to a global matrix: jjjj
jj @18, 1D
jj
jj
jjj @11, 1D
jj
jj @12, 1D
jj
jj
jj @5, 1D
jj
jj
jj @6, 1D
jj
jj @3, 1D
jj
jj
jj @4, 1D
jj
jj
jj @9, 1D
jj
j
k @10, 1D
@1, 2D
@1, 7D
@1, 8D
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
@1, 13D
@1, 14D
@1, 15D
@1, 16D
@7, 16D
@2, 2D
@2, 7D
@2, 8D
@2, 13D
@2, 14D
@2, 15D
@2, 16D
@8, 2D
@8, 7D
@8, 8D
@8, 13D
@8, 14D
@8, 15D
@8, 16D
@14, 14D
@14, 15D
@14, 16D
@7, 2D
@7, 7D
@7, 8D
@7, 13D
@13, 2D @13, 7D @13, 8D @13, 13D

@14, 2D @14, 7D @14, 8D @14, 13D
@15, 2D @15, 7D @15, 8D @15, 13D
@16, 2D @16, 7D @16, 8D @16, 13D
@17, 2D @17, 7D @17, 8D @17, 13D
@18, 2D @18, 7D @18, 8D @18, 13D
@7, 14D
@13, 14D
@15, 14D
@16, 14D
@17, 14D
@6, 14D
@6, 15D
@6, 16D
@5, 13D
@5, 14D
@3, 2D
@3, 7D
@3, 8D
@3, 13D
@9, 2D
@4, 7D
@9, 7D
@4, 8D
@9, 8D
@4, 13D
@9, 13D
@10, 2D @10, 7D @10, 8D @10, 13D
@17, 16D
@12, 16D
@5, 8D
@4, 2D
@16, 16D
@12, 15D
@5, 7D
@6, 13D
@17, 15D
@15, 16D
@12, 14D
@5, 2D
@6, 8D
@16, 15D
@18, 16D
@11, 14D
@6, 7D
@15, 15D
@13, 16D
@18, 15D
@11, 13D
@6, 2D
@13, 15D
@18, 14D
@11, 2D @11, 7D @11, 8D
@12, 2D @12, 7D @12, 8D @12, 13D
@7, 15D
@3, 14D
@4, 14D
@9, 14D
@10, 14D
@11, 15D
@5, 15D
@3, 15D
@4, 15D
@9, 15D
@10, 15D
@11, 16D
@5, 16D
@3, 16D
@4, 16D
@9, 16D
@10, 16D
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
50
jij 301211.
jj
jj 926061.
jjj
jj
jj 572788.
jj
jj
jj -1.13818 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -224121.
jj
jj
jj 223793.
jj
jj
jj -675202.
jj
jj
jj 3.08882 106
jjj
jj
jj 213577.
jj
jj
jj -4.61202 106
jj
jj
jj
jj -58277.4
jj
jj
6
jjj 1.50763 10
jj
jj
jj -324278.
jj
jj
jj 629572.
jj
jj
jj 42293.4
jj
jj
jj -1.15177 106
jj
jj
jj
jj 152009.
jj
j
k 526089.
926061.
-1.13818 106
572788.
6
-224121.
-6752
223793.
6
5.20667 10
4.66367 10
-2.90943 10
235819.
-2.29594 10
-2.934
4.66367 106
5.54303 106
-577614.
1.16281 106
-4.08606 106
-2.560
2.3084
11594
-2.90943 10
-577614.
5.83295 10
6
1.16281 10
235819.
6
-2.29594 10
-2.93462 10
6
1.71579 10
6
-4.08606 10
-2.56016 10
6
8.76162 10
-3.63703 10
-4.55118 10
-2.30519 10
-1.15344 10
-1.19576 10
6
-1.2071 10
-4.43508 10
-25062.1
1.28571 10
-2.30519 10
7
-1.96329 10
5.20856 10
64170
115946.
641702.
2.0469
-2.06168 10
-1.90122 10
6
2.30603 10
5.94221 10
-4.83995 10
8.76142 10
-1.41792 10
6
522765.
-575638.
-45156.3
-710073.
681201.
213411.
1.88425 10
dof
Value
u1
v1
0
0
u2
v2
0
0
u3
v3
0
0
-2.87083 10

Node
-863456.
6
Remove 81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6< rows and columns.

-1.618
6
9.2237
43159
3.68245 10
5.74256 10
64083
1.18349 10
6
-1.26281 10
-7.605
540552.
6
2.77279 10
-1.15384 10
-294332.
-1.15363 10
6.9172 10
7
-2.86965 10
-575638.
3.68271 10
-1.96329 10
6
-1.30861 10
-2.87121 10
6
1.43909 10
6
2.30848 10
303628.
-811767.
-3294.38
6
2.77175 10
-2.90899 10
-1.15406 10
-2.90899 10
880970.
6
6.74026 10
6
1.71579 10
54140
-8669
-2082
1.72741 10
-2.87032 10
2.3020
-235445.
186147.
-3331
-468487.
-811619.
-1.450
51
6
jij 2.04699 10
jj
jj -7.60564 106
jjj
jj
jj 640832.
jj
jj
jj 9.22371 106
jj
jj
jj
jj 431592.
jj
jj
jj -1.61807 106
jj
jj
jj 541409.
jj
jj
jj -866996.
jj
jj
jj
jj -208251.
jj
jj
jj 2.30206 106
jj
jj
jj -333158.
jj
jj
6
k -1.45063 10
-7.60564 106
7
9.22371 106
640832.
6
-1.61807 106
431592.
7
4.11322 10
7.00782 10
-4.62403 10
597824.
5.11431 10
7.00782 106
9.79256 106
-9.22557 106
2.04426 106
2.21776 106
-4.62403 10
-9.22557 10
6
2.04426 10
597824.
6
2.21776 10
6
-5.16204 10
7
-4.62381 10
6
-2.63631 10
6
1.17657 10
-3.23767 10
-1.15474 10
632311.
-218235.
5.76576 10
-1.15537 10
6
-3.09067 10
-2.30584 10
-2.30584 10
7
2.30903 10
-511852.
-3.45992 10
6
-4.83377 10
-1.15491 10
-4.62381 10
5.76576
643559.
-599691.
-50461
7
-599691.
6
1.49478 10
4.113 10
-58815
-588158.
1.05183
-217198.
-860299.
5.54352 10
-1.15512 10
-1.483 10
0.101861
-0.0284674
0.104682
0.00699846
0.101556
0.0428647
0.191474
0.0198994
0.180643
0.017815
0.190381
0.0143666
Equation numbers of dof with specified values: 81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6<
Extracting equations 81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6< from the global system we have
72435.3
1.12765
1.17653 10
u7 = 0.191474, v7 = 0.0198994, u8 = 0.180643, v8 = 0.017815, u9 = 0.190381, v9 = 0.0143666<
1.42921
2.81204 10
6
8u4 = 0.101861, v4 = -0.0284674, u5 = 0.104682, v5 = 0.00699846, u6 = 0.101556, v6 = 0.0428647,
955341.
7
-194794.
-2.5685
6
-2.6363
1866.81
3788.53
6
-5.1620
7
-504614.
7
7.13962 10
6
9.25033 10
1866.81
5.11431 10
541409.
52
jij 301211.
jj
jj 926061.
jj
jj
jj
jj 572788.
jj
jj
jj -1.13818 106
jjj
jj
jjj -224121.
jj
k 223793.
926061.
-1.13818 106
572788.
6
5.20667 10
4.66367 10
-2.90943 10
4.66367 10
5.54303 10
6
-2.90943 10
1.16281 10
235819.
6
-2.29594 10
1.71579 10
1.71579 10
6
-4.08606 10
-2.90899 10
-2.560
2.3084
11594
-2.90899 10
-1.96329 10
880970.
6
-2.934
-4.08606 10
5.83295 10
6
-2.29594 10
235819.
1.16281 10
-6752
223793.
6
-577614.
-577614.
-224121.
-1.96329 10
5.20856 10
64170
i 301211.
ij R1 yz jjjj
zz jj
jj
jj R2 zz jj 926061.
zz j
jjj
jj R zzz jjjj 572788.
jj 3 zz jj
z
jj
jj R4 zzz = jjjj
zz jj -1.13818 106
jj
z
jj
jj R5 zzz jjjj
zz jj -224121.
jj
z j
j
k R6 { jj
k 223793.
926061.
-1.13818 106
572788.
6
5.20667 10
4.66367 10
-2.90943 10
-224121.
223793.
-2.29594 106
235819.
6
4.66367 10
5.54303 10
-577614.
1.16281 10
-4.08606 106
-2.90943 106
-577614.
5.83295 106
1.71579 106
-2.90899 106
235819.
1.16281 106
1.71579 106
880970.
-1.96329 106
-2.29594 106
-4.08606 106
-2.90899 106
-1.96329 106
5.20856 106
53

Label
dof
Reaction
R1
u1
301.583
R2
v1
1158.08
R3
u2
-603.166
R4
v2
52.7036
R5
u3
301.583
R6
v3
-1210.78
Sum of Reactions
dof: u
-3.20142 10-10
dof: v
-1.45519 10-10
Nodal displacements = H 0 0 0.101861 -0.0284674 0.191474 0.0198994 0.180643 0.017815 0.1903

7
jij 1.16978 10
jj
jj
k0
e T0 = H 0.0034477 0.0034477 0 L
1.16511 107
7
1.16978 10
0
zyz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
23348.9 {
0
25
Solution at 8s, t< = 80, 0< 8x, y< = :25, >
2
Interpolation functions = 80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1<
u = 0.104682
v = 0.00699846
e T = H 0.00361488 0.00475547 0 -0.00013954 0 0 L

s T = H 17192.7 17246. 17023.9 -3.2581 0 0 L
Principal stresses = H 17246.2 17192.5

17023.9 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-1, -1< 8x, y< = 80, 0<
u = 0.
v = 0.
e T = H 0.00431938 0. 0 -0.00267538 0 0 L
s T = H -29972.8 -30174.5 -30174.5 -62.4673 0 0 L
54
Principal stresses = H -29955. -30174.5 -30192.3 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-1, 1< 8x, y< = 80, 20<
u = 0.
v = 0.
e T = H 0.0043169 0. 0 0.00314184 0 0 L
s T = H -30001.8 -30203.4 -30203.4 73.3586 0 0 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 81, -1< 8x, y< = 850, 10<
u = 0.191474
v = 0.0198994
e = H 0.00418423 -0.000280483 0 -0.00069576 0 0 L

T
s T = H -34821.6 -35030.1 -35017. -16.2452 0 0 L
Principal stresses = H -34820.3 -35017. -35031.4 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 81, 1< 8x, y< = 850, 20<
u = 0.190381
v = 0.0143666
e T = H 0.00329833 -0.000826072 0 0.00143732 0 0 L

s T = H -51541.5 -51734.1 -51695.5 33.5598 0 0 L
Solution summary
Nodal solution
55
10
20
25
0.101861
-0.0284674
25
25
0.104682
0.00699846
25
20
0.101556
0.0428647
50
10
0.191474
0.0198994
50
15
0.180643
0.017815
50
20
0.190381
0.0143666
Solution at element centroids

Coord
25
25
Disp
Stresses
Principal stresses
Effective Stress
0.104682
0.00699846
17192.7
17246.
17023.9
-3.2581
0
0
17246.2
17192.5
17023.9
200.888
Support reactions
Node
dof
Reaction
301.583
1158.08
-603.166
52.7036
301.583
-1210.78
Sum of applied loads H -2.91038 10-10
1.16415 10-10 L
Sum of support reactions H -3.20142 10-10
-1.45519 10-10 L
5.7
The formulation for the 4/1 element discussed in the text can handle plane stress and plane strain problems. Extend this formulation to analyze axisymmetric problems. Using only one element based on this
formulation compute stresses in a thick cylinder subjected to an internal pressure of 1 MPa. The inner and
outer diameters of the cylinder are 20 mm and 40 mm respectively. The cylinder is 30 mm long. One end
of the cylinder is fixed and the other is free. Assume E = 200 GPa and n = 0.499.
56
Quadrilateral Elements for Axisymmetric Problems

Axisymmetric problems are formulated in terms of cylindrical coordinate system; r-z-q, where r is the
radial direction, z is the axial symmetry direction, and q is the circumferential direction. Because of axial
symmetry the displacement in the q direction is zero. The radial displacement (u) and the axial displacement HwL are independent of q and therefore
v = 0 grq = gqz = 0 trq = tqz = 0
Thus an axisymmetric problem is described in terms of the following displacement, stress, and strain
terms.
T
Displacement vector: uHr, zL = H u w L
Assumed solution over element

ij u yz ij N1 0 N2 0
j z=j
k w { k 0 N1 0 N2
ij u1
jj
jj w1
y jjjj
zz jj u2
{ jjj
jjj w2
jj
k
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz = NT d
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
p = PT b
T
Stress vector: s = H sr sq sz trz L
Strain vector: e = H er eq ez grz LT
Strain-displacement relationships (assuming small displacements)

u
w
u
w
er =
eq = ur ez =
grz =
+
r
z
z
r
The strain-displacement relationships give
57
u
i
r
ij er yz jjjj
jj
zz jj
w
jj ez zz jj
z
jj
zz = jj
jj
zz jj
jj eq zz jj
ur
jj
zz jj
j u
w
k grz { j
k z + r
N1
zyz jij r
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj 0
zz = jj
zz jj
zz jj N1 r
zz jj
zz jj N1
{ k z
zy ij u1 yz
z
zz jj
zz jj w1 zzz
N1
N2
zz
j
z
z
0
z zzz jjj
zz
T
zzz jjj u2 zzz = B d
zz
0 N1 r 0 zzz jjj
zz jj w2 zzz
z
zj
N1
N2
N2
r z r { jk z{
0
N2
The derivatives of the interpolation functions with respect to r and z are computed using the mapping.
The mapping is
r = H N1 N2
r
ij
s
j
j
J = jj
z
k
s
ij r1 yz
ij z1 yz
jj zz
j z
L jjj r2 zzz and z = H N1 N2 L jjjj z2 zzzz
jj zz
jj zz
k {
k {
y i J11 J12
t z
zz = jj
z k J21 J22
z z
t {
yz
r z
r z
z detJ =
-

s t
t s
{
Ni
Ni
Ni
1
=
IJ22
- J21
M
r
detJ
s
t
Ni
Ni
Ni
1
=
I-J12
+ J11
M
z
detJ
s
t
Knowing the B matrix the deviatoric and volumetric strain-displacement matrices can then be evaluated
as follows.
BvT = mT BT and BdT = HI - 13 m mT L BT
where mT = H 1 1 1 0 L and I is a 4 4 identity matrix. The element equations are obtained using numerical integration. With a constant thickness h, the volume integration reduces to area integration and the
surface integration to line integrals.
Element stiffness matrix
ka = 2 p P BvT r dA = 2 p -1 -1 P BvT r detJ ds dt = 2 p
1
kb = 2 p P 1k P T r dA =
1
1
2 p -1 -1
A
P 1k P T r detJ ds dt = 2 p
m
i=1
m
i=1
T
j=1 wi wj PHsi , tj L Bv Hsi , tj L rHsi , tj L detJHsi , tj L
n
1
j=1 wi wj PHsi , tj L k P T Hsi , tj L rHsi , tj L detJHsi , tj L
n
58
kc = 2 p Bd Cd BdT r dA =
1
1
2 p -1 -1
A
Bd Cd BdT r detJ ds dt = 2 p
k = kc + kaT kb-1 ka
0
ij 2 G 0
jj
jj 0 2 G 0
Cd = jjjj
jj 0
0 2G
jj
0
0
k 0
m
i=1
T
j=1 wi wj Bd Hsi , tj L Cd Bd Hsi , tj L rHsi , tj L detJHsi , tj L
n
0y
zz
0 zzzz
zz G = E k = E
2 H1+nL
3 H1-2 nL
0 zzz
zz
G{
Equivalent load vector due to body forces:
rb =
i br
2 p N jj
k bz
A
1
1
i br
yz
z r dA = 2 p N jj
k bz
{
-1 -1
i br
yz
z r detJ ds dt = 2 p wi wj NHsi , tj L jj
k bz
{
i=1
j=1
m
Equivalent load vector due to distributed loads:

i qr
rq = 2 p Nc jj
k qz
C
1
yz
i qr
z rc dc = 2 p Nc jj
{
k qz
-1
i qr
yz
z rc Jc da = 2 p wi Nc Hai L jj
k qz
{
i=1
n
yz
z rHsi , tj L detJHsi , tj L
{
yz
z rc Hai L Jc Hai L
{
4/1 U/P Quadrilateral Element

The simplest element is a 4 node quadrilateral element as shown in Figure 5.11. The interpolation functions for mapping and the displacements are as follows.
ij
jj
jj
jj
jj
Interpolation functions jjj
jj
jj
jj
jj
k
14 H1 - s L H1 - tL yz
zz
zz
14 Hs + 1L H1 - tL zzzz
zz
z
14 Hs + 1L Ht + 1L zzzz
zz
zz
14 H1 - s L Ht + 1L {
A constant pressure is assumed over the element. Thus the stress interpolation matrix is a 1 1 matrix with
the value1. That is
59
PT = 881<<
The 4/1 terminology is meant to indicate 4 displacement interpolation functions and 1 pressure term.
Master
t
4
Quadrilateral
8r4 , z4 <
8r1 , z1 <
2
2
Figure 5.11.
8r3 , z3 <
Four node master and actual quadrilateral element
8r2 , z2 <
r
60
30
1
10
2
r
20

0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
ij 133422.
jj
jj 0
C d = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 y i u1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj w1
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj u2
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj w2
zj
0 0 zzzz jjjj u3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj w3
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj u4
zj
0 0 { k w4
0
zyz jij zyz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz = jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zz jj zz
zz jj 0 zz
zz jj zz
zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj zz
z j z
{ k0{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
133422. 0
zzz
0
66711.1 {
133422. 0
0
0
61
k = 3.33333 107
G = 66711.1

1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
P T = 81<

rHs,tL = 5 s + 15
zHs,tL = 15 t + 15
i 5 0 yz
J = jj
z
k 0 15 {
detJ = 75

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.

i 5 0 yz
J = jj
z
k 0 15 {
detJ = 75
NT = H 0.622008 0.166667 0.0446582 0.166667 L
NT s = H -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 -0.105662 L
NT t = H -0.394338 -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 L
62
-0.0788675
jij
jj 0
j
B T = jjjj
jj 0.0513494
jj
k -0.0262892
0.0788675
0.0211325
-0.0262892 0
-0.00704416 0
0.013759
-0.0788675 -0.00704416 0.0788675
-0.021132
0.00704416 0
0.00368672 0
0.013759
0.00704416 0.0211325
0.0262892
B Tv =
8-0.0275181, -0.0262892, 0.0926266, -0.00704416, 0.0248192, 0.00704416, -0.00737345, 0.0262892<

ij -0.0696948
jj
jj 0.00917269
B Td = jjjj
jjj 0.0605221
j
k -0.0262892
PT = H 1 L
0.00876306
0.047992
-0.0175261 -0.0308755
0.00876306
-0.0171165
0.00234805
0.00234805
-0.0788675 -0.00704416 0.0788675
k a = H -157.08 -150.065 528.734
-40.2097 141.674
k b = H 0.000171247 L
ij 6.81637 106
jj
jj
jj 605886.
jj
jj
jj -3.48156 106
jj
jj
jj -838752.
k c = jjjj
jj
jj -1.02229 106
jj
jj -162347.
jj
jj
jj
jj 1.49274 106
jj
k 395213.
-3.48156 106
605886.
6
2.71953 10
829746.
2.72222 10
0.0211325
0.02628
-42.0894 150.065 L
40.2097
-1.02229 106
-162347.
-2.2746 10
-45913.9
-728697.
-45913.9
705457.
-222330.
-838752.
-2.2746 10
-45913.9
2.39382 10
255941.
609477.
-45913.9
705457.
255941.
212985.
12302.6
-728697.
-222330.
609477.
12302.6
195254.
-838752.
-1.02229 10
776356.
-184509.
224743.
283764.
-561502.
-728697.
-222330.
-76034.3

i 5 0 yz
J = jj
z
k 0 15 {
0.00245
-0.00458635 -0.00234805 0.01621

0.00704416
829746.
-0.00234805 -0.018
0.0128594
-0.00469611 -0.00827307 0.00469611
detJ = 75
NT = H 0.166667 0.0446582 0.166667 0.622008 L
NT s = H -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 -0.394338 L
NT t = H -0.394338 -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 L

-0.0211325
jij
jj 0
j
B T = jjjj
jj 0.013759
jj
k -0.0262892
B Tv
0.0211325
0.0788675
-0.078867
-0.0262892 0
-0.00704416 0
0.00704416 0
0.00368672
-0.0211325 -0.00704416 0.0211325
0.013759
0.00704416 0.0788675
0.0513494
0.0262892
8-0.00737345, -0.0262892, 0.0248192, -0.00704416, 0.0926266, 0.00704416, -0.0275181, 0.0262892<

=
63
-0.0186747
jij
jj 0.00245782
j
B Td = jjjj
jj 0.0162169
jj
k -0.0262892
PT = H 1 L
0.00876306
0.0128594
0.00234805
-0.00234805 -0.0696
0.047992
-0.0175261 -0.00827307 -0.00469611 -0.0308755 0.00469611

0.00876306
-0.00458635 0.00234805
-0.0211325 -0.00704416 0.0211325
k a = H -42.0894 -150.065 141.674
k b = H 0.000171247 L
ij 733678.
jj
jj 162347.
jj
jj
jj
jj -184509.
jj
jj -224743.
jj
k c = jjjj
jj -1.02229 106
jj
jj
jjj -776356.
jj
jj
jj 1.49274 106
jj
j
k 838752.
-40.2097 528.734
0.00704416
40.2097
0.0788675
0.026289
-157.08 150.065 L
162347.
-184509.
-224743. -1.02229 106
-776356.
1.492
520967.
222330.
-76034.3 561502.
-728697.
-395
222330.
212985.
-12302.6 705457.
-255941.
-1.0
195254.
609477.
1623
-76034.3 -12302.6
561502.
705457.
222330.
-728697. -255941.
609477.
6
-395213. -1.02229 10
283764.
162347.
222330.
6
2.72222 10
2.39382 10
45913.9
6
-3.48156 10
838752.
8387
6.816
-728697. -829746.
45913.9
-3.4
45913.9
-2.2746 10

i 5 0 yz
J = jj
z
k 0 15 {
0.009172
-0.0171165 -0.00234805 0.060522
-605
detJ = 75
NT = H 0.166667 0.622008 0.166667 0.0446582 L
NT s = H -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 -0.105662 L
NT t = H -0.105662 -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 L

-0.0788675
jij
jj 0
j
B T = jjjj
jj 0.00931788
jjj
k -0.00704416
B Tv
0.0788675
0.0211325
-0.00704416 0
-0.0262892 0
0.0347748
-0.0788675
-0.0262892 0.0788675
0.0262892 0
0.00931788 0
0.0262892
-0.0211325
0.00249672
0.0211325 0.00704416
8-0.0695496, -0.00704416, 0.113642, -0.0262892, 0.0304504, 0.0262892, -0.0186358, 0.00704416<

=
-0.0556843
jij
jj 0.0231832
j
B Td = jjjj
jj 0.0325011
jj
k -0.00704416
P =H1 L
T
0.00234805
0.0409867
-0.00469611 -0.0378808
0.00876306
0.0109824
-0.0175261 -0.0101501
-0.00876306 -0.014
0.0175261
0.0062
0.00234805
-0.00310596 0.00876306
-0.00083224 -0.00876306 0.0087
-0.0788675
-0.0262892
0.0262892
0.0788675
0.0211325
0.0070
64
k a = H -586.229 -59.3748 957.884
-221.59 256.664
k b = H 0.000252868 L
ij 5.3074 106
jj
jj
jjj 128735.
jj
jj
jj -3.56374 106
jj
jj
jj -997803.
k c = jjjj
jj -1.08693 106
jj
jj
jj 601707.
jj
jj
jj
jj 1.38674 106
jj
j
k 267360.
-3.56374 106
128735.
6
3.53478 10
1.46595 10
-3.35874 10
-3.35874 10
-1.08545 10
-1.07601
-45913.9
552914.
-1.43234
-1.08545 10
-1.07601 10
-361601.
-45913.9
1.46595 10
419013.
1.46595 10
640903.
12302.6
419013.
12302.6
769274.
128735.
-159211.
267360.
-392799.
-112274.
552914.
-1.43234 10
-1.07601 10
12302.6

i 5 0 yz
J = jj
z
k 0 15 {
4.01574 10
-1.08693 10
899971.
601707.
3.90247 10
6
-1.08693 106
-997803.
1.46595 10
221.59 -157.08 59.3748 L
detJ = 75
NT = H 0.0446582 0.166667 0.622008 0.166667 L
NT s = H -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 -0.394338 L
NT t = H -0.105662 -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 L

ij -0.0211325
jj
jj 0
B T = jjjj
jjj 0.00249672
j
k -0.00704416
0.0211325
-0.0788675
0.0788675 0
-0.00704416 0
-0.0262892 0
0.00931788
-0.0211325
-0.0262892 0.0211325
0.0262892 0
0.0347748 0
0.00931788
0.0262892 0.0788675 0.00704416
B Tv =
8-0.0186358, -0.00704416, 0.0304504, -0.0262892, 0.113642, 0.0262892, -0.0695496, 0.00704416<

ij -0.0149206
jj
jj 0.00621192
B Td = jjjj
jj 0.00870864
jj
k -0.00704416
PT = H 1 L
0.00234805
0.00876306
0.0409867
-0.0175261 -0.0378808
-0.00876306 -0.055
0.0175261
0.0231
0.00234805
-0.00083224 0.00876306
-0.00310596 -0.00876306 0.0325
-0.0211325
-0.0262892
0.0262892
k a = H -157.08 -59.3748 256.664
k b = H 0.000252868 L
0.0109824
-0.00469611 -0.0101501
0.0211325
-221.59 957.884
0.0788675
221.59 -586.229 59.3748 L
0.0070
65
jij 406952.
jj
jj 34494.6
jjj
jj
jj -159211.
jj
jj
jj -267360.
j
k c = jjjj
jj -1.08693 106
jj
jj
jj -128735.
jj
jj
jj
jj 1.38674 106
jj
j
k 361601.
-159211.
34494.6
-267360.
392799.
-112274.
-12302.6
640903.
-12302.6
552914.
-112274.
-12302.6
-12302.6
-1.07601 10
-1.46595 10
-267360.
-1.08693 10
6
419013.
45913.9
-601707.
7.0636 10
2.91082 10
7.47858 10
6
-5.82165 10
-4.21845 106
-465732.
-582165.
-3.60942
6
-3.37655
2.05698
116433.
2.51674 10
6
-116433.
7.37408 10
3.37655 10
-582165.
2.51674 10
3.37655 10
7.47858 10
-3.60942 106
-3.37655 106
2.05698 106
116433.
-1.86293 10
6
2.36747 10
-4.21845 10
582165.
-3.35874
-1.46595 10
7.37408
6
2.32866
-5.82165
-7.38901 10
465732.
6
-3.60942 10
-2.91082 10
4.66353 108
-2.10178 109
5.79448 108
-2.09861 109
-5.82242 108
1.
4.
-9.27931 10
8
-9.27931 10
8
-9.31424 10
-2.62177 10
8
4.19627 10
4.19131 10
-2.04486 10
9.31424 10
1-a
M
2
3.30583 10
-3.21152 10
8
4.19131 10
1.16018 10
4.19627 10
3.30583 10
-2.62177 10
9.27931 10
-5.79448 10
8
2.52746 10
5.
-
1.16367 10
-3.21152 10
1.16367 10
-2.10178 10
8
5.82242 10
-2.62177 10
9
-1.16018 10
8
1.16018 10
9
9
-1.16018 10
8
9
-2.09861 10
8
-9.31424 10
-1.16367 10
4.63558 10
2.52746 10
-1.16367 10
8
0 0 0L
9
9
2.52746 10
NBC on side 4 with q = 8-1, 0<

0 0
-116433.
Computation of element matrices resulting from NBC

a+1
NTc = I
2
-2.32866 106
-5.82165 10
997803.
-942.478 418.879 L
523.599
2.91082 10
6
2.13917 10
0 0 0 0
4.01574
6
-3.56374 10
-1.07601 10
-7.38901 106
45913.9
3.90247 10
-523.599 1884.96
931463.
419013.
1.43234 10
1.08545 10
899971.
-1.46595
6
1.43234 10
769274.
552914.
6
k b = H 0.00084823 L
rT = H 0
-1.07601
288317.
k a = H -942.478 -418.879 1884.96
ij 1.06046 109
jj
jj
8
jjj 4.66353 10
jj
jj
jj -2.10178 109
jj
jj
jj 5.79448 108
k = jjjj
jj -2.09861 109
jj
jj
jj -5.82242 108
jj
jj
jj
jj 1.05296 109
jj
j
8
k -4.63558 10
-128735.
392799.
7
jij 1.32644 10
jj
jj 931463.
jj
jj
jj
jj -7.38901 106
jj
jj
jj -2.32866 106
k c = jjjj
jj -4.21845 106
jj
jj
jj -465732.
jj
jj
jj
jj 5.75895 106
jj
j
6
k 1.86293 10
-1.08693 106
1.
-
66
rHaL = 10
zHaL = 15 - 15 a
drda = 0
dzda = -15
J c = 15
Gauss point = -0.57735
Weight = 1.
r Tq = H 199.169
743.309
NTc = H 0.211325 0 0 0.788675 L

0
0 0 0 0
Gauss point = 0.57735

NTc
0L
J c = 15
Weight = 1.
= H 0.788675 0 0 0.211325 L
r Tq = H 743.309
J c = 15
0 0 0 0
199.169
0L
Summing contributions from all Gauss points

r Tq = H 942.478 0 0
0 0 0 942.478 0 L

ij 1.06046 109
jj
jj
8
jjj 4.66353 10
jj
jj
jj -2.10178 109
jj
jj
jj 5.79448 108
jj
jj
jj -2.09861 109
jj
jj
jj -5.82242 108
jj
jj
jj
9
jjj 1.05296 10
jj
8
k -4.63558 10
4.66353 108
-2.10178 109
5.79448 108
-2.09861 109
-5.82242 108
1.0529
4.6355
2.13917 10
-9.27931 10
8
-9.27931 10
8
4.19627 10
-1.16367 10
-1.16367 10
8
-9.31424 10
-2.62177 10
8
4.19131 10
-2.04486 10
9.31424 10
3.30583 10
-3.21152 10
8
Node
dof
Value
u1
w1
0
0
u2
w2
0
0

1.16018 10
4.19627 10
3.30583 10
-5.794
8
-5.79448 10
8
2.52746 10
5.8224
-2.101
1.16367 10
9.27931 10
-3.21152 10
1.16367 10
-2.098
8
-2.10178 10
8
-2.62177 10
4.19131 10
5.82242 10
-2.62177 10
9
-1.16018 10
8
1.16018 10
9
9
-1.16018 10
-2.09861 10
8
8
9
4.63558 10
-9.31424 10
9
2.52746 10
2.52746 10
1.0604
-4.663
67
9
jij 4.19627 10
jj
jj 1.16367 109
jjj
jj
jj -2.10178 109
jj
jj
8
k 9.27931 10
zyz ji u3
zz j
2.52746 10 zzzz jjjj w3
zz jjj
z
-4.66353 108 zzz jjjj u4
zz
z
2.13917 108 { k w4
1.16367 109
-2.10178 109
9.27931 108
3.30583 10
-5.79448 10
-5.79448 108
1.06046 109
2.52746 108
-4.66353 108
yz ji 0
zyz
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
z
zzz jjj 942.478 zzz
zz jj
zz
{ k0
{
9u3 = 0.0000972836, w3 = -0.0000706801, u4 = 0.000150769, w4 = -9.80215 10-6 =

u
0.0000972836
-0.0000706801
0.000150769
-9.80215 10-6
Nodal displacements = H 0 0 0 0 0.0000972836 -0.0000706801 0.000150769 -9.80215 10-6 L
ij 3.34223 107
jj
jj
jj 3.32889 107
C = jjj
jj
jj 3.32889 107
jj
k0
3.32889 107
3.32889 107
3.32889 10
3.32889 10
3.34223 107
3.34223 10
Solution at 8s, t< = 80, 0< 8x, y< = 815, 15<
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
66711.1 {
0
1 1 1 1
Interpolation functions = : , , , >
4 4 4 4
u = 0.0000620132
e T = H -2.67428 10-6
v = -0.0000201206
-1.34137 10-6
4.13421 10-6
s T = H 3.59008 3.76792 4.49849 0.0727363 0 0 L
3.79388 3.56412 L
Solution summary
Nodal solution
1.09032 10-6
0 0L
68
10
20
20
30
0.0000972836
-0.0000706801
10
30
0.000150769
-9.80215 10-6

r
15
15
Disp
Stresses
Principal stresses
Effective Stress
0.0000620132
-0.0000201206
3.59008
3.76792
4.49849
0.0727363
0
0
4.49849
3.79388
3.56412
0.843295

Implement either 4/1 or 9/3 U/P formulation in fe2Quad program discussed in Chapter 2.
CHAPTER SIX
Plates and Shells
6.1
An a b simply supported thin plate is subjected to a load
qHx, yL = q0 sinHp x aL sinHp y bL
where q0 is a constant.
(i) Show that a solution of the same form as the load satisfies the governing differential equation and the
simple support boundary conditions.
(ii) Determine the maximum deflection and the maximum stresses sx and sy for a plate with
E = 106 , n = 0.3, h = 0.2, q0 = 10, a = 10, and b = 5.
Plates and Shells
y
a
Figure 6.22.
Try a solution of the following form

px
py
wHx,yL = c sinJ N sinJ N
a
b
where c is a constant. By differentiating and substituting into appropriate expressions, the moments
Mx and My are as follows.
py
px
M sinI
M
D c p2 Hn a 2 + b 2 L sinI
a
b
Mx =
a2 b2
py
px
M sinI
M
D c p2 Ha 2 + b 2 nL sinI
a
b
My =
2
2
a b
The simple support boundary conditions are as follows.

w = 0 along all four sides
Mx = 0 along x = 0 and x = a
My = 0 along y = 0 and y = b
Check for zero displacement along the sides
80, 0, 0, 0<
Check for zero moments along the sides

Along along x = 0 and x = a
80, 0<
80, 0<
The constant c is determined by substituting the solution into the governing differential equation.
py
px
M sinI
M
Ha 2 + b 2 L c p4 sinI
px
py
a
b
L - sinJ N sinJ N q0 = 0
DH
4
4
a b
a
b
2
Using the given numerical data
D = 732.601
c = 0.0560523
px
py
w = 0.0560523 sinJ N sinJ N
10
5
The maximum deflection clearly occurs at the center.
Maximum deflection = 0.0560523
a 4 b 4 q0
c =
2
D Ha 2 + b 2 L p4
Plates and Shells
Maximum Mx = 8.91626
Maximum sx = 1337.44
Maximum My = 17.4272
Maximum sy = 2614.09
6.2
Determine deflection and stresses at the center of a simply supported rectangular plate subjected to a
uniformly distributed load. Use the following numerical data.
10 5 plate h = 0.2 E = 106 n = 0.3 q = 10
Taking advantage of symmetry and model a 1/4 of the plate using only one element. From the available
literature on plates determine the exact solution and compare the finite element solution with the exact
solution.
2.5
y4
Figure 6.23.
(i) Finite element solution

The element sides 1-2 and 1-4 are simply supported, and the other two sides have symmetry boundary
condition. Thus the following essential boundary conditions are imposed.
Side1 - 4 : w = 0 qx = 0
Side1 - 2 : w = 0 qy = 0
Side 2 - 3 : qy = 0
Side 3 - 4 : qx = 0
i 0 y
i 5 y
i5y
2 jj zz 3 jjjj 5 zzzz 4 jjjj 5 zzzz
k0{
k 2 {
k 2 {
i0y
Element nodes: 1 jj zz
k0{
5
a =
2
5
b =
4
h = 0.2
E = 1000000
n = 0.3
D = 732.601
q = 10.
1236.63 -275.458
260.22
521.612 -187.546
-348.132
565.568 -32.2
ij 1146.37
jj
jj 1236.63
2021.98
-219.78
521.612
908.425
0
-565.568
505.495
0
jj
jj
jj -275.458
-219.78
761.905
187.546
0
175.824
32.2344
0
190.4
jj
jj
jj 260.22
521.612
187.546
1146.37
1236.63
275.458
-1058.46
1192.67
-55.6
jj
jj
908.425
0
1236.63
2021.98
219.78
-1192.67
959.707
0
jj 521.612
jj
jj -187.546
0
175.824
275.458
219.78
761.905
-55.6777
0
-29.3
jj
jj
jj -348.132
-565.568
32.2344 -1058.46
-1192.67
-55.6777 1146.37
-1236.63
275.4
jj
jj
jj 565.568
505.495
0
1192.67
959.707
0
-1236.63
2021.98
-219.7
jj
jj
jj -32.2344
0
190.476
-55.6777
0
-29.304
275.458
-219.78
761.9
jj
jj
jj -1058.46
-1192.67
55.6777
-348.132
-565.568
-32.2344
260.22
-521.612
-187.5
jj
jj
959.707
0
565.568
505.495
0
-521.612
908.425
0
jjj 1192.67
j
55.6777
0
-29.304
32.2344
0
190.476
187.546
0
175.8
k
Essential BC
Node
dof
Value
1
2
3
0
0
0
Plates and Shells
Global matrices after incorporating EBC
0
yz
ij 2021.98 -1192.67
z
j
K = jjjj -1192.67 1146.37 187.546 zzzz
zz
jj
0
187.546 761.905 {
k
RT = H 13.0208 31.25 -26.0417 L
Solution of global equations 80.0738563, 0.114294, -0.0623135<
2
5
Local coordinates, s = ijx - yz
5 k
2{
4
5
t = ijy - yz
5 k
4{
1
1
Interpolation functions = :- Hx - 5L H2 y - 5L I2 x2 - 5 x + 8 y2 - 10 y - 25M, - Hx - 5L H5 - 2 yL2 y,
625
125
1
1
1
Hx - 5L2 x H2 y - 5L, x H2 y - 5L I2 x2 - 15 x + 2 y H4 y - 5LM, x H5 - 2 yL2 y,
125
625
125
2
2
2
1
Hx - 5L x2 H2 y - 5L, - x y I2 x2 - 15 x + 8 y2 - 30 y + 25M, x y2 H2 y - 5L, - Hx - 5L x2 y,
625
125
125
125
2
2
2
Hx - 5L y I2 x2 - 5 x + 2 y H4 y - 15LM, - Hx - 5L y2 H2 y - 5L, - Hx - 5L2 x y>
625
125
125
Nodal dof = H 0 0 0 0 0.0738563 0 0.114294 0 0 0 0 -0.0623135 L
wHx,yL = 0.000265537 y x3 - 0.00448407 y x2 - 0.000562514 y3 x - 0.000844824 y2 x + 0.0305532 y x

0.00159322 x y - 0.00896813 y
ij
yz
jj
zz
zz
-0.00337508 y x - 0.00168965 x
zz
jj
zz
2
2
k 0.00159322 x - 0.0179363 x - 0.00337508 y - 0.0033793 y + 0.0611063 {
y = jjjj
732.601 219.78
0 y
zz
jij
j
j
0 zzzz
D C = jj 219.78 732.601
zz
jj
0
256.41 {
k 0
-0.42542 y x + 0.371351 x + 6.57006 y

yz
ij Mx yz ij
z j
zz
jj
zz
jj My zzz = jjj
2.12243
y
x
+
1.23784
x
+
1.97102
y
zz jj
zz
jj
zz jj
zz
jj
2
2
k Mxy { k -0.408519 x + 4.59904 x + 0.865406 y + 0.866486 y - 15.6683 {
ij Vx yz ji 1.30539 y + 1.23784 zy
z=j
j
z
k Vy { k 1.30539 x + 6.57006 {
-63.813 y x + 55.7027 x + 985.509 y

ij sx yz ij
yz
jj
zz jj
zz
j
z
zz
j
s
318.364
y
x
+
185.676
x
+
295.653
y
Maximum in-plane stresses, jjj y zzz = jjj
zz
jj
zz jj
zz
2
2
t
-61.2778
x
+
689.857
x
+
129.811
y
+
129.973
y
2350.24
k xy { k
{
i tzx zy ji 9.79043 y + 9.28378 zy

z=j
z
Maximum transverse shear stresses, jj
k tzy { k 9.79043 x + 49.2755 {
5
5
Solution at x = and y =
2
4
w = 0.0595864
Moments = 87.81152, 12.191, -4.28862<
Maximum in-plane stresses = 81171.73, 1828.64, -643.292<
Shears = 82.86958, 9.83354<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 821.5218, 73.7516<
Solution summary
Nodal solution
x-coord
y-coord
qx
qy
0.0738563
52
0.114294
52
-0.0623135
Element solution
Coord
Disp
Max in-plane stresses
Max transverse shear stresses
52
0.0595864
1171.73
1828.64
-643.292
21.5218
73.7516
54
(ii) Exact solution

16 q
a
b
w =
m, n = 1, 3, 5,
m 2
n 2 2
p6 D
mpx
npy
sinH
L sinH
L
n m n IH a L +H b L M
The maximum occurs at the mid-span. Using the numerical data given, and three terms in the sum, we get
Maximum deflection = 0.0864965
Plates and Shells
x-coord
y-coord
qx
qy
0.055621
52
0.0864965
52
-0.0332987
(iii) Ansys solution
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.99239E-01 0.99239E-01
0.0000
0.0000

NODE
VALUE
PRINT S
0.0000
0.0000
0.99239E-01 0.99239E-01
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
SHELL RESULTS FOR TOP/BOTTOM ALSO MID WHERE APPROPRIATE
ELEMENT=
NODE
1
SX
SHELL63
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
-368.51
65.586
0.0000
-1467.8
0.0000
0.0000
158.72
-764.88
0.0000
-731.76
0.0000
0.0000
2610.8
6043.4
0.0000
246.42
0.0000
0.0000
1165.7
173.58
0.0000
-489.64
0.0000
0.0000
368.51
-65.586
-10.000
1467.8
0.0000
0.0000
-158.72
764.88
-10.000
731.76
0.0000
0.0000
-2610.8
-6043.4
-10.000
-246.42
0.0000
0.0000
-1165.7
-173.58
-10.000
489.64
0.0000
0.0000
!* Problem 6.2
!* 1 plate element model
PREP7
!*
ET,1,SHELL63
!*
KEYOPT,1,1,2
10
Plates and Shells
KEYOPT,1,2,0
KEYOPT,1,3,1
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,2
KEYOPT,1,7,0
KEYOPT,1,8,0
KEYOPT,1,9,0
KEYOPT,1,11,0
!*
R,1,0.2, , , , , ,
RMORE, , , ,
RMORE
RMORE, ,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,1000000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.3
N,1,,,,,,,
N,2,5,0,,,,,
N,3,5,2.5,,,,,
N,4,0,2.5,,,,,
e,1,2,3,4
D,1, , , , , ,UZ,ROTX,ROTY, , ,
D,2, , , , , ,UZ,ROTY, , , ,
D,3, , , , , ,ROTX,ROTY, , , ,
D,4, , , , , ,UZ,ROTX,, , ,
SFE,1,1,PRES, ,10, , ,
SOL
FINISH
STATUS,SOLU
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
!*
PRNSOL,U,Z
11
6.3
Determine deflection and stresses at the centroid of a triangular plate subjected to a uniformly distributed.
The top side of the plate is simply supported and the left side is clamped. The third side is free. Use the
following numerical data.
10 5 plate h = 0.2 E = 106 n = 0.3 q = 10
Use only one finite element to model the plate using only one element.
y
5
1
x
0
10
Figure 6.24.
The element side 1-3 is clamped and 2-3 is simply supported. Thus the following essential boundary
conditions are imposed.
Side1 - 3 : w = 0 qx = 0 qy = 0
Side 2 - 3 : w = 0 qy = 0
i0y
Element nodes: 1 jj zz
k0{
h = 0.2
i 10 zy
i0y
2 jj
z 3 jj zz
k 5 {
k5{
E = 1000000
n = 0.3
D = 732.601
q = 10
12
Plates and Shells
ij 219.78
jj
jj 466.422
jj
jj
jj -112.332
jj
jj
jjj -21.978
jj
jj 90.3541
jj
jj
jj -100.122
jj
jj
jj -197.802
jj
jj
jj 542.125
jj
k -7.32601
466.422 -112.332
-21.978
90.3541
133.089
-262.515
695.971 2637.36
473.748
-976.801
133.089
109.89
-202.686
1691.09
695.971
473.748
-262.515 -976.801 -202.686
573.871
-1086.69
-100.122 -197.802
799.756 -599.512
2515.26
-361.416
-40.293
58.6081
140.415
36.63
3101.34
-466.422
-213.675
48.84
285.714
-501.832
-51.2821
566.545
112.332
-466.422
903.541 -280.83
-40.293
140.415
-213.675 -501.832
Node
dof
Value
1
2
3
0
0
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
Essential BC
-415.14
112.332
-87.9121
36.63
-164.835
-87.9121
566.545
799.756 2515.26
58.6081
903.541
-280.83
-7.32601
-1086.69
-599.512 -361.416
-164.835 -415.14
542.125
48.84
-51.2821
1666.67
91.5751
91.5751
952.381
Global matrices after incorporating EBC

K = H 573.871 L
RT = H -62.5 L
Solution of global equations 8-0.10891<

1
1
Interpolation functions = : Hy - 5L Ix2 - 2 y x + 4 y2 - 10 y - 50M, Hy - 5L Ix2 - 2 y x + 4 Hy - 5L yM,
250
100
1
1
1
1
- x Hy - 5L2 , x I-x2 + H2 y + 5L x - 4 Hy - 5L yM, x Hy - 5L y, - x Ix2 - 2 y x + 4 Hy - 5L yM,
500
50
100
25
1
1
1
Ix3 + H5 - 4 yL x2 + 8 Hy - 5L y x + 4 H15 - 2 yL y2 M, Hx - 2 yL2 Hy - 5L, - Hx - 10L x Hx - 2 yL>
500
100
100
Nodal dof = H 0 0 0 0 -0.10891 0 0 0 0 L

wHx,yL = 0.010891 x y - 0.00217819 x y2
0
jij
zyz
j
zz
j
y = jj
-0.00435638 x
zz
jj
zz
k 0.0217819 - 0.00871277 y {
13
732.601 219.78
0 y
jij
zz
j
j
D C = jj 219.78 732.601
0 zzzz
jj
zz
0
256.41 {
k 0
M
0.957447 x
yz
jij x zyz ijj
zz
jj M zz jj
zz
jj y zz = jj
3.19149
x
zz
zzz jj
jjj
z
k Mxy { k 2.23404 y - 5.58511 {
ij Vx yz ij 3.19149 yz
z=j
j
z
0
{
k Vy { k
143.617 x
ij sx yz ji
zyz
jj
zz jj
zz
j
z
j
s
j
z
Maximum in-plane stresses, jj y zz = jj
478.723 x
zz
zz
jj
zz jj
t
335.106
y
837.766
k
{
xy
k
{
i tzx yz ij 23.9362 yz
z=j
z
Maximum transverse shear stresses, jj
0
{
k tzy { k
10
10
Solution at x = and y =
3
3
w = 0.0403369
Moments = 83.19149, 10.6383, 1.8617<
Maximum in-plane stresses = 8478.723, 1595.74, 279.255<
Shears = 83.19149, 0<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 823.9362, 0<
Solution summary
Nodal solution
qx
qy
x-coord
y-coord
10
-0.10891
Element solution
Coord
1
10
3
10
Disp
0.0403369
478.723
1595.74
279.255
23.9362
0
14
Plates and Shells
PRINT ROT
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
1
ROTX
ROTY
ROTZ
RSUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
2 -0.19599
0.0000
0.0000
0.19599
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

NODE
-0.19599
0.0000
0.0000
0.19599
VALUE
PRINT S
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
15
ELEMENT=
NODE
1
SX
SHELL63
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
-2584.4
-775.33
0.0000
301.52
0.0000
0.0000
775.33
2584.4
0.0000
2562.9
0.0000
0.0000
0.17053E-12-0.56843E-13
0.0000
753.79
0.0000
0.0000
0.17053E-12-0.56843E-13
0.0000
753.79
0.0000
0.0000
2584.4
775.33
-10.000
-301.52
0.0000
0.0000
-775.33
-2584.4
-10.000
-2562.9
0.0000
0.0000
3 -0.17053E-12 0.56843E-13 -10.000
-753.79
0.0000
0.0000
3 -0.17053E-12 0.56843E-13 -10.000
-753.79
0.0000
0.0000
!* Problem 6.3
!* 1 plate element model
PREP7
!*
ET,1,SHELL63
!*
KEYOPT,1,1,2
KEYOPT,1,2,0
KEYOPT,1,3,1
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,2
KEYOPT,1,7,0
KEYOPT,1,8,0
KEYOPT,1,9,0
KEYOPT,1,11,0
16
Plates and Shells
!*
R,1,0.2, , , , , ,
RMORE, , , ,
RMORE
RMORE, ,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,1000000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.3
N,1,,,,,,,
N,2,10,5,,,,,
N,3,0,5,,,,,
e,1,2,3,3
D,1, , , , , ,UZ,ROTX,ROTY, , ,
D,2, , , , , ,UZ,ROTY, , , ,
D,3, , , , , ,UZ,ROTX,ROTY, , , ,
SFE,1,1,PRES, ,10, , ,
SOL
FINISH
STATUS,SOLU
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
!*
PRNSOL,U,Z
6.4
Use four node quadrilateral Mindlin plate element to determine deflection and stresses at the center of a
simply supported rectangular plate subjected to a uniformly distributed load. Use the following numerical
data.
10 5 plate h = 0.2 E = 106 n = 0.3 q = 10
Taking advantage of symmetry and model a 1/4 of the plate using only one element. Compare the solution with that obtained in Problem 6-2.
17
y
10
Figure 6.25.
The element sides 1-2 and 1-4 are simply supported, and the other two sides have symmetry boundary
condition. Thus the following essential boundary conditions are imposed.
Side1 - 4 : w = 0 qx = 0
Side1 - 2 : w = 0 qy = 0
Side 2 - 3 : qy = 0
Side 3 - 4 : qx = 0
2.5
y4
18
Plates and Shells

D = 732.601
G = 384615.
1
jij
j
j
C = jj 0.3
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
0.35 {
0.3
Mapping to master element

1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
5s
5
xHs,tL = +
2
2
5t
5
yHs,tL = +
4
4
5
ji 2
J = jjj
j0
k
0 zy
zz
zz
54 {
25
detJ =
8
Interpolation functions
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
Gauss quadrature points and weights for bending stiffness

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
Gauss quadrature points and weights for shear stiffness
Point
Weight
s 0.
t 0.
4.
19

ij 52
J = jjjj
k0
0 yz
zz
zz
54 {
25
detJ =
8
NT = H 0.622008 0.166667 0.0446582 0.166667 L
NT s = H -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 -0.105662 L
NT t = H -0.394338 -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 L
0.157735 0 0
-0.157735 0 0
-0.042265 0
ij 0 0
j
B T = jjjj 0 -0.31547 0
0 -0.0845299 0
0 0.0845299 0
0
jj
0.0845299 0 0.042265 -0.0845299 0
k 0 -0.157735 0.31547 0 0.157735
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
k = jjjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0
247.778
-74.0486 0 41.1139
0 0
23.4925
0 -66.3919 19.8413
0 0
0
0.31
-0.0
0
0 -222.5
30
-74.0486 136.705
0 30.7148
-35.593 0 19.8413
-36.63
0 23.4925
0 0
0 0
0 0
41.1139
30.7148
0 36.2945
19.8413
0 -11.0164 -8.23001 0 -66.3919 -
23.4925
-35.593
0 19.8413
62.6859
0 -6.2948
9.53711
0 -37.039
0 0
0 0
0 0
-66.3919 19.8413
0 -11.0164 -6.2948 0 17.7897
-5.31645 0 59.6187
19.8413
-36.63
0 -8.23001 9.53711
0 -5.31645 9.81499
0 -6.2948
17
0 0
0 0
0 0
-222.5
23.4925
0 -66.3919 -37.039 0 59.6187
-6.2948
0 229.273
19
30.7148
-64.4822 0 -42.3261 -36.63
0 -8.23001 17.2779
0 19.8413
83
ij 19.4378 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 0
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj 5.20833 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
j
j
r q = jj
z
jj 1.39557 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 5.20833 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
z
j
{
k0
20
Plates and Shells
5
ji 2
J = jjj
j0
k
0 zy
zz
zz
54 {
25
detJ =
8
NT = H 0.166667 0.0446582 0.166667 0.622008 L
NT s = H -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 -0.394338 L
NT t = H -0.394338 -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 L
0 0
0.042265 0 0
-0.042265 0 0
-0.157735 0
jij
j
j
0 -0.0845299 0
0 0.0845299 0
0
B = jj 0 -0.31547 0
jj
0.0845299 0 0.157735 -0.0845299 0
k 0 -0.042265 0.31547 0 0.042265
T
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
j
k = jjjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
229.273
-19.8413 0 59.6187
-19.8413 83.8343
0 0
0 8.23001
0 0
0
0.31
-0.1
0 0
0 -222.5
6.2948
0 -66.3919 37.039
17.2779
0 42.3261
-36.63
0 -30.7148 -
0 0
0 0
0 0
59.6187
8.23001
0 17.7897
5.31645
0 -11.0164 6.2948
0 -66.3919 -
6.2948
17.2779
0 5.31645
9.81499
0 8.23001
9.53711
0 -19.8413 -
0 0
0 0
0 0
-19.8413 0 41.1139
-66.3919 42.3261
0 -11.0164 8.23001
0 36.2945
-36.63
0 6.2948
9.53711
0 -19.8413 62.6859
0 -23.4925 -
0 0
0 0
0 0
-222.5
-30.7148 0 -66.3919 -19.8413 0 41.1139
37.039
-23.4925 -64.4822 0 -19.8413 -36.63
ij 5.20833 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jjj
jj 1.39557 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
r q = jjj
jj 5.20833 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zz
jjj
jj 19.4378 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
{
k0
-23.4925 0 247.778
0 -30.7148 -35.593
0 74.0486
0
7
1
21
5
ji 2
J = jjj
j0
k
0 zy
zz
zz
54 {
25
detJ =
8
NT = H 0.166667 0.622008 0.166667 0.0446582 L
NT s = H -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 -0.105662 L
NT t = H -0.105662 -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 L
0 0
0.157735 0 0
-0.157735 0 0
-0.042265 0 0
jij
j
j
0 -0.31547 0
0 0.31547 0
0 0.0845
B = jj 0 -0.0845299 0
jj
0 0.042265 -0.31547 0 -0.042
k 0 -0.157735 0.0845299 0 0.157735 0.31547
T
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
j
k = jjjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0
36.2945
-19.8413 0 41.1139
0 0
-30.7148 0 -66.3919 42.3261
0 0
0 -11.0164 8
-19.8413 62.6859
0 -23.4925 -35.593
0 37.039
-36.63
0 6.2948
0 0
0 0
0 0
41.1139
-23.4925 0 247.778
74.0486
0 -222.5
-30.7148 0 -66.3919 -
-30.7148 -35.593
0 74.0486
136.705
0 -23.4925 -64.4822 0 -19.8413 -
0 0
0 0
0 -222.5
-23.4925 0 229.273
-66.3919 37.039
42.3261
-36.63
0 0
-19.8413 0 59.6187
0
6
0 -30.7148 -64.4822 0 -19.8413 83.8343
0 8.23001
0 0
0 0
-11.0164 6.2948
0 -66.3919 -19.8413 0 59.6187
8.23001
0 17.7897
8.23001
0 -19.8413 -36.63
17.2779
0 5.31645
ij 5.20833 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jjj
jj 19.4378 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
r q = jjj
jj 5.20833 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zz
jjj
jj 1.39557 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
{
k0
9.53711
0 0
0 6.2948
22
Plates and Shells
5
ji 2
J = jjj
j0
k
0 zy
zz
zz
54 {
25
detJ =
8
NT = H 0.0446582 0.166667 0.622008 0.166667 L
NT s = H -0.105662 0.105662 0.394338 -0.394338 L
NT t = H -0.105662 -0.394338 0.394338 0.105662 L
0 0
0.042265 0 0
-0.042265 0 0
-0.157735 0 0
jij
j
j
0 -0.31547 0
0 0.31547 0
0 0.0845
B = jj 0 -0.0845299 0
jj
0 0.157735 -0.31547 0 -0.157
k 0 -0.042265 0.0845299 0 0.042265 0.31547
T
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
j
k = jjjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0
17.7897
-5.31645 0 59.6187
0 0
-8.23001 0 -66.3919 19.8413
0 0
0 -11.0164 -
-5.31645 9.81499
0 -6.2948
17.2779
0 19.8413
-36.63
0 -8.23001 9
0 0
0 0
0 0
59.6187
-6.2948
0 229.273
19.8413
0 -222.5
23.4925
0 -66.3919 -
-8.23001 17.2779
0 19.8413
83.8343
0 30.7148
-64.4822 0 -42.3261 -
0 0
0 0
0 247.778
-74.0486 0 41.1139
-66.3919 19.8413
0 0
0 -222.5
30.7148
19.8413
-36.63
0 23.4925
-64.4822 0 -74.0486 136.705
0 30.7148
0 0
0 0
-11.0164 -8.23001 0 -66.3919 -42.3261 0 41.1139
30.7148
0 36.2945
-6.2948
-35.593
0 19.8413
ij 1.39557 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jjj
jj 5.20833 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
r q = jjj
jj 19.4378 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zz
jjj
jj 5.20833 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
{
k0
9.53711
0 -37.039
-36.63
Computation of element matrices at 80., 0.< with weight = 4.
0 0
0 23.4925
23
5
ji 2
J = jjj
j0
k
0 zy
zz
zz
54 {
25
detJ =
8
NT = H 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 L

NT s = H -0.25
0.25 0.25 -0.25 L
NT t = H -0.25
-0.25
i -0.1 0
B T = jj
k -0.2 -0.25
ij 40064.1
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj
jjj -20032.1
jj
jj 24038.5
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj
jj -20032.1
k = jjjj
jj -40064.1
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj -20032.1
jj
jj
jj -24038.5
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
j
k -20032.1
0.25 0.25 L
0.25 0.1
-0.2 -0.25
0.25 0.1
0.25 -0.1 0
-0.25
0.2
0.2
-0.25
0.25 y
zz
0
{
40064.1
-20032.1 24038.5
40064.1
-20032.1 -40064.1 40064.1
50080.1
40064.1
50080.1
-40064.1 50080.1
50080.1
20032.1
50080.1
20032.1
500
40064.1
20032.1
40064.1
40064.1
20032.1
-24038.5 40064.1
200
50080.1
40064.1
50080.1
-40064.1 50080.1
50080.1
20032.1
50080.1
20032.1
500
-40064.1 20032.1
-24038.5 -40064.1 20032.1
40064.1
-40064.1 200
50080.1
40064.1
50080.1
-40064.1 50080.1
50080.1
20032.1
50080.1
20032.1
500
-40064.1 -20032.1 -40064.1 -40064.1 -20032.1 24038.5
-20
-40064.1 -20
50080.1
40064.1
50080.1
-40064.1 50080.1
50080.1
20032.1
50080.1
20032.1
500
ij 40064.1
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj
jj -20032.1
jj
jj
jj 24038.5
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj -20032.1
j
k = jjjj
jj -40064.1
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj -20032.1
jj
jj
jj -24038.5
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
j
k -20032.1
r = H 31.25
T
40064.1
-20032.1 24038.5
40064.1
-20032.1 -40064.1 40064.1
-20032.1
50611.3
-119.048 40064.1
50281.6
-9.15751 -40064.1 49814.6
119.048
-119.048 50373.2
20032.1
9.15751
50043.5
20032.1
119.048
49933.6
40064.1
20032.1
40064.1
40064.1
20032.1
-24038.5 40064.1
20032.1
50281.6
9.15751
40064.1
50611.3
119.048
-40064.1 49613.1
-9.15751
-9.15751 50043.5
20032.1
119.048
50373.2
20032.1
9.15751
49970.2
-40064.1 20032.1
-24038.5 -40064.1 20032.1
40064.1
-40064.1 20032.1
49814.6
119.048
40064.1
49613.1
119.048
49933.6
20032.1
-9.15751 49970.2
9.15751
-40064.1 50611.3
20032.1
-40064.1 -20032.1 -40064.1 -40064.1 -20032.1 24038.5

49613.1
-9.15751 40064.1
49814.6
9.15751
49970.2
-119.048 49933.6
0 0 31.25
20032.1
0 31.25
0 0 31.25
-40064.1 -20032.1
-119.048 -40064.1 50281.6
0 0L
20032.1
-119.048
-119.048 50373.2
9.15751
-9.15751 50043.5
24
Plates and Shells
ij 40064.1
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj
jjj -20032.1
jj
jj 24038.5
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj
jj -20032.1
jj
jj
jj -40064.1
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj -20032.1
jj
jj
jj -24038.5
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
j
k -20032.1
40064.1
-20032.1 24038.5
50611.3
-119.048 40064.1
40064.1
-20032.1 -40064.1 40064.1
-20032.1 -24
50281.6
-9.15751 -40064.1 49814.6
119.048
-40
-119.048 50373.2
20032.1
9.15751
50043.5
20032.1
119.048
49933.6
-20
40064.1
20032.1
40064.1
40064.1
20032.1
-24038.5 40064.1
20032.1
-40
50281.6
9.15751
40064.1
50611.3
119.048
-40064.1 49613.1
-9.15751 -40
-9.15751 50043.5
20032.1
119.048
50373.2
20032.1
9.15751
49970.2
-40064.1 20032.1
-24038.5 -40064.1 20032.1
40064.1
-40064.1 20032.1
49814.6
119.048
40064.1
49613.1
-40064.1 50611.3
119.048
49933.6
20032.1
-9.15751 49970.2
9.15751
20032.1
-40064.1 -20032.1 -40064.1 -40064.1 -20032.1 24038.5

49613.1
-9.15751 40064.1
49814.6
9.15751
49970.2
-119.048 49933.6
20032.1
2403
-119.048 -40
-119.048 50373.2
-20
-40064.1 -20032.1 4006
-119.048 -40064.1 50281.6

20032.1
-20
9.15751
-40
-9.15751 50043.5
-20
The element contributes to 81, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12< global degrees of freedom.
ij 40064.1
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj
jj -20032.1
jj
jj
jj 24038.5
jj
jj 40064.1
jjj
jj
jjj -20032.1
jj
jj -40064.1
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj
jj -20032.1
jj
jj
jj -24038.5
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
k -20032.1
40064.1
-20032.1 24038.5
40064.1
-20032.1 -40064.1 40064.1
-20032.1 -24
50611.3
-119.048 40064.1
50281.6
-9.15751 -40064.1 49814.6
119.048
-40
-119.048 50373.2
20032.1
9.15751
50043.5
20032.1
119.048
49933.6
-20
40064.1
20032.1
40064.1
40064.1
20032.1
-24038.5 40064.1
20032.1
-40
50281.6
9.15751
40064.1
50611.3
119.048
-40064.1 49613.1
-9.15751 -40
-9.15751 50043.5
20032.1
119.048
50373.2
20032.1
9.15751
49970.2
-40064.1 20032.1
-24038.5 -40064.1 20032.1
40064.1
-40064.1 20032.1
49814.6
119.048
40064.1
49613.1
-40064.1 50611.3
119.048
49933.6
20032.1
-9.15751 49970.2
9.15751
20032.1
-40064.1 -20032.1 -40064.1 -40064.1 -20032.1 24038.5

49613.1
-9.15751 40064.1
49814.6
9.15751
49970.2
-119.048 49933.6
20032.1
2403
-119.048 -40
-119.048 50373.2
-20
-40064.1 -20032.1 4006
-119.048 -40064.1 50281.6

20032.1
-20
9.15751
-40
-9.15751 50043.5
-20
25
Node
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
dof
Value
w1
Hqx L1
Hqy L1
0
0
0
Hqy L2
w2
Hqx L3
Hqy L3
Hqx L4
w4
Remove 81, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11< rows and columns.

-40064.1 -119.048 y ij Hqx L2
ij 50611.3
zz jj
jj
jj -40064.1 40064.1
20032.1 zzzz jjjj w3
jj
zz jj
j
50373.2 { k Hqy L4
k -119.048 20032.1
yz ij 0
yz
zz jj
zz = jj 31.25 zzzz
zz
zzz jjj
z
z
{
{ k0
8Hqx L2 = 0.0539835, w3 = 0.0682754, Hqy L4 = -0.0270237<

w
qx
qy
0.0539835
0.0682754
-0.0270237
Equation numbers of dof with specified values: 81, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11<
Extracting equations 81, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11< from the global system we have
26
Plates and Shells
40064.1
jij
jj 40064.1
jj
jj
jj -20032.1
jj
jj
jj 24038.5
jj
jj
jj -20032.1
jj
jj
jj 40064.1
jj
jj
jj -20032.1
jj
jj
jj -24038.5
jj
k 40064.1
40064.1
-20032.1 24038.5
50611.3
-119.048 40064.1
-20032.1 -40064.1 40064.1
40064.1
-20032.1 -24
50281.6
-9.15751 -40064.1 49814.6
119.048
-40
-119.048 50373.2
20032.1
9.15751
50043.5
49933.6
-20
40064.1
20032.1
119.048
20032.1
40064.1
40064.1
20032.1
-24038.5 40064.1
20032.1
-40
-9.15751 50043.5
20032.1
119.048
50373.2
20032.1
49970.2
-20
49814.6
119.048
40064.1
49613.1
9.15751
119.048
49933.6
20032.1
-9.15751 49970.2
-40064.1 50611.3
20032.1
-40064.1 -20032.1 -40064.1 -40064.1 -20032.1 24038.5

-9.15751 40064.1
49613.1
9.15751
-20
-40064.1 -20032.1 4006
-119.048 -40064.1 50281.6
49814.6
-119.048 -40
-119.048 50373.2
9.15751
-40

R
40064.1
jij 1 zyz jij
jj R zz jj 40064.1
jj 2 zz jj
jj
z j
jj R zzz jjj -20032.1
jjj 3 zzz jjj
jj
zz jj
jjj R4 zzz jjj 24038.5
jj
zz jj
jjj R5 zzz = jjj -20032.1
jj
zz jj
jjj R6 zzz jjj 40064.1
jj
zz jj
jjj R zzz jjj -20032.1
jj 7 zz jj
jjj
zz jj
jj R8 zzz jjj -24038.5
jj
zz jj
k R9 { k 40064.1
40064.1
-20032.1 24038.5
50611.3
-119.048 40064.1
40064.1
50281.6
-9.15751 -40064.1 49814.6
119.048
20032.1
9.15751
50043.5
119.048
49933.6
40064.1
20032.1
40064.1
40064.1
20032.1
-24038.5 40064.1
20032.1
20032.1
119.048
50373.2
20032.1
9.15751
49970.2
49814.6
119.048
40064.1
49613.1
9.15751
-40064.1 50611.3
-119.04
119.048
49933.6
20032.1
-9.15751 49970.2
20032.1
-119.048 50373.2
-40064.1 -20032.1 -40064.1 -40064.1 -20032.1 24038.5
-40064.1 -20032
49613.1
-9.15751 40064.1
dof
Reaction
R1
w1
Hqx L1
-62.5
R2
Hqy L1
-21.2613
R3
R4
w2
Hqy L2
-51.0235
Hqx L3
24.7318
Hqy L3
-56.8543
R7
R8
w4
Hqx L4
-11.4765
R9
20032.1
-9.15751 50043.5
Label
R6
-20032
-119.048 50373.2
49814.6
R5
-20032.1 -40064.1 40064.1
17.8096
14.8412
-49.4431
-119.048 -40064.1 50281.6
9.15751
27
Sum of Reactions
dof: w
-125.
dof: qx
-127.559
dof: qy
57.3826
Nodal solution = H 0 0 0 0
0.0539835 0 0.0682754 0 0 0
5
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-1, 1< 8x, y< = :0, >
2
w = 0.
bx = 0.0270237
by = 0.
Moments = 83.95952, 1.18785, -2.77166<
Shears = 8-856.963, 0.<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 8-6427.22, 0.<
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-1, -1< 8x, y< = 80, 0<

w = 0.
bx = 0.
Moments = 80., 0., -5.54005<
by = 0.
Maximum in-plane stresses = 80., 0., -831.007<
Shears = 80., 0.<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 80., 0.<
5
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-1, 1< 8x, y< = :0, >
2
w = 0.
bx = 0.0270237
by = 0.
Moments = 83.95952, 1.18785, -2.77166<
Shears = 8-856.963, 0.<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 8-6427.22, 0.<
0 -0.0270237 L
28
Plates and Shells
Solution at 8s, t< = 81, -1< 8x, y< = 85, 0<

w = 0.
bx = 0.
by = 0.0539835
Moments = 84.7458, 15.8193, -2.76839<
Shears = 80., -1709.83<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 80., -12823.7<
5
Solution at 8s, t< = 81, 1< 8x, y< = :5, >
2

w = 0.0682754
bx = 0.
by = 0.
Moments = 88.70532, 17.0072, 0.<
Maximum in-plane stresses = 81305.8, 2551.08, 0.<
Shears = 8875.325, 1750.65<
Maximum transverse shear stresses = 86564.94, 13129.9<
Solution summary
Nodal solution
x-coord
y-coord
qx
qy
0.0539835
52
0.0682754
52
-0.0270237
3
4
Element solution
Coord
Disp
0
52
0.
0.0270237
0.
593.927
178.178
-415.749
Support reactions

-6427.22
0.
M
3.959
1.187
-2.7
29
Node
dof
Reaction
-62.5
-21.2613
17.8096
-51.0235
24.7318
-56.8543
14.8412
-11.4765
-49.4431
Sum of applied loads H 125. 0 0 L
Sum of support reactions H -125. -127.559 57.3826 L
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.68593E-01 0.68593E-01
0.0000
0.0000
30
Plates and Shells

NODE
VALUE
0.0000
0.0000
PRINT ROT
0.68593E-01 0.68593E-01
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
SUBSTEP=
1.0000
LOAD CASE=
NODE
1
2
ROTX
ROTY
0.0000
0.53979E-01
0.0000
0.0000
ROTZ
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-0.27034E-01
0.0000
RSUM
0.0000
0.53979E-01
0.0000
0.27034E-01

NODE
VALUE
PRINT S
0.53979E-01-0.27034E-01
0
0.0000
2
0.53979E-01
31
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
ELEMENT=
NODE
1
1
SX
SHELL143
SY
0.28990E-10 0.56616E-10
SZ
SXY
0.0000
-831.13
-415.22
711.81
2372.7
0.0000
1306.0
2550.9
0.0000
594.16
178.25
0.0000
-415.91
1 -0.28990E-10-0.56616E-10 -10.000
831.13
-711.81
-2372.7
-10.000
415.22
-1306.0
-2550.9
-10.000
-594.16
-178.25
-10.000
-0.18360E-10
0.18360E-10
415.91
SYZ
SXZ
0.71054E-13 0.88818E-13
76.532
76.532
0.15632E-12
0.88818E-13
34.436
34.436
0.19895E-12 0.88818E-13
76.532
76.532
0.11369E-12
0.88818E-13
34.436
34.436
6.5
Prepare a short report on different plate and shell elements available in Ansys or any other commercial
finite element software available. Look through the documentation and determine the theory on which
each element is based.
32
Plates and Shells
6.6 Computational project

The so-called flat-slab system consists of a reinforced concrete slab supported directly by columns. Drop
panels (areas with increased slab thickness) are provided over the columns to avoid punching shear failure.
For the typical symmetric system shown in Figure 6.25, the columns are spaced with L = 4 m and w = 5 m
in the y direction. The slab thickness is t = 0.13 m. The columns are 0.4 m 0.4 m square. The drop panels
are 0.1 m thick. In each direction the drop panels extend to a distance of spacing 6. The factored design
load on the slab (including its own weight) is 15.85 kN m 2 . The goal of the analysis is to find stresses and
deflections in the slab. For concrete assume E = 22.5 GPa and n = 0.17.
Slab
w
Drop panel
Center Lines
L
Figure 6.25 Plan view and section of a flat slab supported by columns with drop panels
Column
33
(a) Approximate analysis using an equivalent frame

A common design office technique to analyze flat slab systems is to use the equivalent frame method. The
equivalent frame is defined by considering half the slab width from each side of a column line as a beam
supported by columns of the floor below and above as shown in Figure 6.26. Use the plane frame element
to analyse this equivalent frame. Assuming story height to be 3m
C.L.
Beam with width = L and Thickness = t

h
w2
Figure 6.26 Equivalent frame

(b) Finite element analysis using plate element
The equivalent frame method obviously gives only an estimate of the deflections and stresses in the slab.
For a more complete picture of stresses create a finite element model using plate elements. The slab at the
column locations can be considered fixed. Account for the increased thickness in the drop panel zones by
changing the element thickness in these regions. Compare finite element results with those from the
equivalent frame and comment of the suitability of the approximate method.
Frame model
AnsysFiles\Chap06\Prb6-6FlatSlab\frameModel.tif
34
Plates and Shells
Input data file
AnsysFiles\Chap06\Prb6-6FlatSlab\frameModel.txt
TITLE,Frame
!*
PREP7
CMSEL,S,_Y1
!*
CMSEL,S,_Y
ET,1,BEAM3
CMDELE,_Y
*set,L,4
CMDELE,_Y1
*set,w,5
LESIZE,ALL,w5, , , ,1, , ,1,
*set,h,3
FLST,2,9,4,ORDE,2
*set,t,0.13
FITEM,2,1
*set,d,0.1
FITEM,2,-9
*set,c,0.4
LMESH,P51X
*set, ta, Ht*L*w + d*HL3L*Hw3LLHL*wL
LATT,1,2,1, , , ,
EPLOT
35
!* R,1,L*ta,HL*ta**3L12,ta,0,0,0,
FLST,2,13,2,ORDE,6
R,1,L*t,HL*t**3L12,t,0,0,0,
FITEM,2,7
R,2,c*c,Hc**4L12, c, , , ,
FITEM,2,-11
!*
FITEM,2,18
!*
FITEM,2,-22
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
FITEM,2,29
MPTEMP,1,0
FITEM,2,-31
MPDATA,EX,1,,22.5E6
SFBEAM,P51X,1,PRES,15.850*4, , , , , ,
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.17
!*
K,1,0,0,,
FLST,2,6,3,ORDE,6
K,2,0,h,,
FITEM,2,1
K,3,0,2*h,,
FITEM,2,3
K,4,w,0,,
FITEM,2,-4
K,5,w,h,,
FITEM,2,6
K,6,w,2*h,,
FITEM,2,-7
K,7,2*w,0,,
FITEM,2,9
K,8,2*w,h,,
!*
GO
K,9,2*w, 2*h,,
K,10,2.5*w,h,,
DK,P51X, , , ,0,ALL, , , , , ,
LSTR,
3,
FLST,2,1,3,ORDE,1
LSTR,
2,
FITEM,2,10
LSTR,
2,
!*
LSTR,
5,
GO
LSTR,
5,
DK,P51X, , , ,0,UX,ROTZ, , , , ,
LSTR,
5,
FINISH
LSTR,
8,
LSTR,
8,
STATUS,SOLU
LSTR,
8,
10
SOLVE
SOL
FITEM,5,1
POST1
FITEM,5,-2
PLDISP,1
FITEM,5,4
ETABLE,smaxi,NMISC, 1
FITEM,5,-5
ETABLE,smini,NMISC, 2
FITEM,5,7
ETABLE,smaxj,NMISC, 3
FITEM,5,-8
ETABLE,sminj,NMISC, 4
CM,_Y,LINE
ETABLE,mzi,SMISC, 6
LSEL, , , ,P51X
ETABLE,mzj,SMISC, 12
CM,_Y1,LINE
SABS,1
CMSEL,S,_Y
SMAX,maxij,SMAXI,SMAXJ,1,1,
FLST,5,6,4,ORDE,6
FINISH
36
Plates and Shells
!*
PLETAB,MAXIJ,NOAV
!*
!*
!*
Deformed shape
AnsysFiles\Chap06\Prb6-6FlatSlab\defFrame.tif
Stresses
AnsysFiles\Chap06\Prb6-6FlatSlab\stressFrame.tif
37
Compute the total volume of one panel and divide it by the panel area to get the average slab thickness.
L = 4; w = 5; t = .13; d = .1;
ta = Ht * L * w + d * HL 3L * Hw 3LL HL * wL
0.141111
Deformed shape
AnsysFiles\Chap06\Prb6-6FlatSlab\defFrame2.tif
38
Plates and Shells
Stresses
AnsysFiles\Chap06\Prb6-6FlatSlab\stressFrame2.tif
39
Plate model
AnsysFiles\Chap06\Prb6-6FlatSlab\plateModel.tif
40
Plates and Shells
Input data file
AnsysFiles\Chap06\Prb6-6FlatSlab\Shell63Model.txt
FILNAME,Plates,0
PREP7
!*
ET,1,SHELL63
!*
*set,L,4
*set,w,5
*set,h,3
*set,t,0.13
*set,d,0.1
*set,c,0.4
R,1,t+d, , , , , ,
R,2,t, , , , , ,
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
!*
FLST,2,9,5,ORDE,3
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-8
FITEM,2,20
ESIZE,w10,0,
AESIZE,P51X,w20,
MSHKEY,0
FLST,5,10,5,ORDE,4
FITEM,5,1
41
R,2,t, , , , , ,
FITEM,5,-8
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
FITEM,5,11
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,22.5E6
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.17
RECTNG,0,2.5*L,0,2.5*w,
BLC5,L,w2,L3,w3
BLC5,2*L,w2,L3,w3
BLC5,L,1.5*w,L3,w3
BLC5,2*L,1.5*w,L3,w3
RECTNG,0,L6,.5*w-w6,.5*w+w6
RECTNG,0,L6,1.5*w-w6,1.5*w+w6
RECTNG,0,L6,2.5*w-w6,2.5*w
RECTNG,L-L6,L+L6,2.5*w-w6,2.5*w
RECTNG,2*L-L6,2*L+L6,2.5*w-w6,2.5*w
FLST,3,9,5,ORDE,2
FITEM,3,2
1,P51X,,delete,keep
RECTNG,0,c,w2-c2,w2+c2
RECTNG,0,c,1.5*w-c2,1.5*w+c2
RECTNG,0,c,2.5*w-c,2.5*w
RECTNG,L-c2,L+c2,w2-c2,w2+c2
RECTNG,L-c2,L+c2,1.5*w-c2,1.5*w+c2
RECTNG,L-c2,L+c2,2.5*w-c,2.5*w
RECTNG,2*L-c2,2*L+c2,w2-c2,w2+c2
RECTNG,2*L-c2,2*L+c2,1.5*w-c2,1.5*w+c2
RECTNG,2*L-c2,2*L+c2,2.5*w-c,2.5*w
ASBA,
6,
ASBA,
7,
12
ASBA,
8,
13
ASBA,
9,
16
ASBA,
3,
17
ASBA,
5,
18
ASBA,
2,
14
ASBA,
4,
15
ASBA,
10,
19
FLST,2,10,5,ORDE,4
FITEM,2,1
CM,_Y,AREA
ASEL, , , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,AREA
CHKMSH,'AREA'
CMSEL,S,_Y
!*
AMESH,_Y1
!*
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
CMDELE,_Y2
!*
EPLOT
SOL
FINISH
FITEM,3,-10
ASBA,
FITEM,5,20
FLST,2,30,4,ORDE,12
FITEM,2,3
FITEM,2,-4
FITEM,2,47
FITEM,2,49
FITEM,2,-51
FITEM,2,53
FITEM,2,-54
FITEM,2,57
FITEM,2,-66
FITEM,2,68
FITEM,2,-78
FITEM,2,80
!*
GO
DL,P51X, ,ALL,
FLST,2,2,4,ORDE,2
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-2
DL,P51X, ,SYMM
FLST,2,10,5,ORDE,4
42
Plates and Shells
FLST,2,10,5,ORDE,4
FITEM,2,-8
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,11
FITEM,2,-8
FITEM,2,20
FITEM,2,11
AGLUE,P51X
GO
FITEM,2,20
CM,_Y,AREA
ASEL, , , ,
11
!*
CM,_Y1,AREA
STATUS,SOLU
SFA,P51X,1,PRES,15.85
CMSEL,S,_Y
!*
SOLVE
CMSEL,S,_Y1
AATT,
1,
2, 1,
0,
CMSEL,S,_Y
Deformed shape
AnsysFiles\Chap06\Prb6-6FlatSlab\defPlate.tif
POST1
FINISH
PLDISP,1
43
von Mises Stresses
AnsysFiles\Chap06\Prb6-6FlatSlab\vonMisesPlate.tif
Comparison
Frame model: use only the slab thickness for computing beam section properties
Maximum displacement: 0.00539 m;
Maximum stress = 12,204 kN m2
Frame model: account for drop panel by assigning an average slab thickness
Finite element analysis using plate element
Maximum stress = 10,447 kN m2

Maximum stress = 9,546 kN m 2
CHAPTER SEVEN
Introduction to Nonlinear Problems
7.1
Consider the following nonlinear differential equation
2
d u
-
+ u3 = 0; 0 < x < 2
dx2
with the boundary conditions
uH0L = 1 27; u H2L = 5 3
Obtain a suitable weak form. Starting with a quadratic polynomial uHxL = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 obtain an approximate solution of the problem.
Weak form
3
0 H-u + u L wi dx = 0
2
Integration by parts
@-u wi Dx=2 - @-u wi Dx=0 + 0 Hu wi + u3 wi L dx = 0

2
EBC at x = 0 wi H0L = 0
@-u wi Dx=2 + 0 Hu wi + u3 wi L dx = 0
2
NBC at x = 2. u H2L = 5 3
@-5 3 wi Dx=2 + 0 Hu wi + u3 wi L dx = 0
2
ClearAll@WeakFormD;
WeakForm@w_, u_D := -H5 3 w . x 2L + IntegrateA D@u, xD D@w, xD + u3 w, 8x, 0, 2<E
Quadratic solution
Clear@aD; u = a0 + a1 x + a2 x^2
a2 x2 + a1 x + a0
ebc = 8Hu . x 0L 1 27<; solEbc = Solve@ebc, 8a0<D; ua = u . solEbc@@1DD

1
a2 x2 + a1 x +
27
w = D@ua, a1D; eq1 = WeakForm@w, uaD
4 a12
384 a22 a1
64 a2 a1
1466 a1
32 a22
976 a2
65608
32 a13
+ 32 a2 a12 + +
+
+ 32 a23 + + -
+
5
9
7
45
729
27
243
19683
32 a13
384 a2 a12
32 a12
64 a2 a1
976 a1
512 a23
128 a22
12992 a2
393652
+
+ + 96 a22 a1 +
+ +
+
+
-
3
7
45
27
243
9
63
1215
59049
sol = FindRoot@8eq1, eq2<, 88a1, -10<, 8a2, -10<<, MaxIterations 100D

8a1 0.312499, a2 0.197847<
ux2 = ua . sol
1
0.197847 x2 + 0.312499 x +
27
Cubic solution
Clear@aD; u = a0 + a1 x + a2 x^2 + a3 * x^3
a3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x + a0
1
a3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x +
27
32 a13
384 a3 a12
4 a12
384 a22 a1
512 a32 a1
+ 32 a2 a12 +
+ +
+
+
5
7
9
7
3
64 a2 a1
64 a3 a1
1466 a1
2048 a33
32 a22
+ 192 a2 a3 a1 +
+
+ 32 a23 +
+ +
45
27
729
11
27
1536 a2 a32
32 a32
976 a2
512 a22 a3
256 a2 a3
9752 a3
65608
+ + +
+
+
-
5
9
243
3
63
1215
19683
32 a13
384 a2 a12
32 a12
1536 a32 a1
+
+ 96 a3 a12 + + 96 a22 a1 +
+
3
7
45
5
1024 a33
128 a22
64 a2 a1
1024 a2 a3 a1
256 a3 a1
976 a1
512 a23
+
+
+
+
+ +
9
3
63
27
3
63
243
6144 a2 a32
512 a32
12992 a2
1536 a22 a3
64 a2 a3
17528 a3
393652
+
+
+
+
-
+
11
81
1215
5
9
729
59049
128 a13
512 a3 a12
32 a12
512 a22 a1
6144 a32 a1
+ 96 a2 a12 +
+ +
+
+
7
3
27
3
11
8192 a33
32 a22
256 a2 a1
3072 a2 a3 a1
64 a3 a1
9752 a1
512 a23
+
+
+
+
+ +
5
13
9
63
5
9
1215
512 a32
17528 a2
6144 a22 a3
1024 a2 a3
490528 a3
262436
1024 a2 a32 +
+
+
+
+
-
45
729
11
81
8505
19683
sol = FindRoot@8eq1, eq2, eq3<, 88a1, -100<, 8a2, -100<, 8a3, -100<<, MaxIterations 100D
8a1 0.651649, a2 -0.276866, a3 0.156708<
ux3 = ua . sol
1
0.156708 x3 - 0.276866 x2 + 0.651649 x +
27
<< Graphics`Legend`
Plot@8ux2, ux3<, 8x, 0, 2<, PlotStyle 8GrayLevel@0D, Dashing@8.03<D<,

PlotLegend 8"Quad", "Cubic"<, LegendPosition 81, 0<, AxesLabel 8"x", "u"<D;
u
Quad
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Cubic
0.5
1.5
7.2
2
d u
= 12 u3 ; 0 < x < 2
dx2

uH0L = 1; uH2L = 1 27
Weak form
3
0 H-u + 12 u L wi dx = 0
2
@-u wi Dx=2 - @-u wi Dx=0 + 0 Hu wi + 12 u3 wi L dx = 0

2

3
0 Hu wi + 12 u wi L dx = 0
2
ClearAll@WeakFormD;
WeakForm@w_, u_D := IntegrateA D@u, xD D@w, xD + 12 u3 w, 8x, 0, 2<E
Quadratic solution
a2 x2 + a1 x + a0
ebc = 8Hu . x 0L 1, Hu . x 2L 1 27<; solEbc = Solve@ebc, 8a0, a1<D; ua = u . solEbc@@1DD
1
a2 x2 + H-54 a2 - 13L x + 1
27

1024 a23
256 a22
121304 a2
333088
-
+
-

105
15
8505
98415
sol = FindRoot@eq1, 8a2, 1<, MaxIterations 100D
8a2 0.36118<
ux2 = ua . sol
0.36118 x2 - 1.20384 x + 1
Cubic solution
a3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x + a0
ebc = 8Hu . x 0L 1, Hu . x 2L 1 27<; solEbc = Solve@ebc, 8a0, a1<D; ua = u . solEbc@@1DD

1
a3 x3 + a2 x2 + H-54 a2 - 108 a3 - 13L x + 1
27
1024 a23
3072 a3 a22
256 a22
20480 a32 a2

+
-
+
77
105
35
15
18688 a3 a2
121304 a2
104448 a33
27392 a32
340616 a3
333088
+
+
-
+
-
189
8505
385
189
8505
98415
1024 a23
20480 a3 a22
9344 a22
313344 a32 a2
-
+
35
77
189
385
340616 a2
4194304 a33
1489408 a32
420736 a3
2011088
54784 a3 a2
+
+
-
+
189
8505
5005
3465
3645
229635
sol = FindRoot@8eq1, eq2<, 88a2, 1<, 8a3, 1<<, MaxIterations 100D
8a2 1.18883, a3 -0.297702<

ux3 = ua . sol
-0.297702 x3 + 1.18883 x2 - 1.66833 x + 1

<< Graphics`Legend`

PlotLegend 8"Quad", "Cubic"<, LegendPosition 81, 0<, AxesLabel 8"x", "u"<D;
u
Quad
1
0.8
Cubic
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.5
1.5
7.3
d u
= u + H2 u - lnHxLL3 ; 1 < x < 2

dx2
2
uH1L = 1 2; uH2L = 1 2 + lnH2L

Obtain a suitable weak form. Starting with a cubic polynomial uHxL = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 obtain an
approximate solution of the problem.
Weak form
1 I-u + u + H2 u - lnHxLL M wi dx = 0
2
@-u wi Dx=2 - @-u wi Dx=1 + 1 Iu wi + Iu + H2 u - lnHxLL3 M wi M dx = 0

2
EBC at both ends.
1 Iu wi + Iu + H2 u - lnHxLL M wi M dx = 0
2
ClearAll@WeakFormD;
WeakForm@w_, u_D := IntegrateA D@u, xD D@w, xD + I D@u, xD + H2 u - Log@xDL3 M w, 8x, 1, 2<E
$Aborted
Quadratic solution
Clear@a, a0, a1, a2, a3, a4D; u = a0 + a1 x + a2 x^2
a2 x2 + a1 x + a0
ebc = 8Hu . x 1L 1 2, Hu . x 2L 1 2 + Log@2D<; solEbc = Solve@ebc, 8a0, a1<D; ua = u . solEbc@@1DD
1
a2 x2 + HlogH2L - 3 a2L x + 2 a2 - logH2L +
2
a2
1
+
I-87780 a2 logH2L H90 a2 + 301L + a2 H10 a2 H560 a2 + 542709L + 12991321L 3
441000
1
4292400 log3 H2L + 210 H54240 a2 + 78463L log2 H2LM + H7502 - 20301 logH2LL
432
sol = FindRoot@8eq1<, 88a2, 10<<, MaxIterations 100D
8a2 0.846013<
ux2 = ua . sol
0.846013 x2 - 1.84489 x + 1.49888
Cubic solution
a3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x + a0
ebc = 8Hu . x 1L 1 2, Hu . x 2L 1 2 + Log@2D<; solEbc = Solve@ebc, 8a0, a1<D; ua = u . solEbc@@1DD
1
a3 x3 + a2 x2 + H-3 a2 - 7 a3 + logH2LL x + 2 a2 + 6 a3 - logH2L +
2
4 a23
H840 a3 - 87780 logH2L + 60301L a22
+
+
315
4900
ij 892 a32 i 759393

1113926 logH2L
73152 logH32L yz
904 log2 H2L
8987 logH2L
268129 yz
jj
+ jj
-
+
z a3 +
-
+
zz a2 +
147
49
35
150
9000 {
k 9800
{
k 1155
768 logH1024L
447 a33
i 570217
i 697052
yy
+ a3 j
+ 1887 log2 H2L + logH2L j-
+
- 192 logH2048Lzz +
385
25
k 6000
k 3675
{{
3746 log3 H2L

11209 log2 H2L
6767 logH2L
18827 logH2L yz 3751
12914627
60 log2 H2L logH16L -
+ a32 ijj
z +
-
-
15
300
144
105
216
k 105840
{
2 a23 i 892 a3
1189 logH2L
759393 yz 2
+ jj -
+
z a2 +
35
21
19600 {
k 1155
1341 a32 i 12914627

570017 zy
37654 logH2L y
4 logH2L H-174263 + 28224 logH1024LL
jij
+ j
zz
-
z a3 +
- 225 log2 H2L +

j
385
6000 {
52920
105
3675
k
{
k
78712 a33
11445683 logH2L
i 1505991
y
a2 +
+ a32 jj
-
+ 2916 logH1024Lzz - 3 log2 H2L logH256L 15015
385
k 3920
{
a3 I-941368642 + 545134800 log2 H2L - 525 logH2L H-3538681 + 368640 logH128LLM
3087000
17867 log2 H2L
2688617 logH2L
6969
254 log3 H2L
+
-
35
150
18000
128
8a2 -1.88008, a3 0.599143<
ux3 = ua . sol
0.599143 x3 - 1.88008 x2 + 2.1394 x - 0.358459

<< Graphics`Legend`

PlotLegend 8"Quad", "Cubic"<, LegendPosition 81, 0<, AxesLabel 8"x", "u"<, PlotRange AllD;
u
Quad
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Cubic
7.4
2
d u
+ u u = x3 ; 1 < x < 2
dx2
uH1L = 1 2; uH2L = 1 3
Obtain a suitable weak form. Starting with a cubic polynomial uHxL = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 obtain an
approximate solution of the problem.
Weak form
3
1 H-u - u u + x L wi dx = 0
2
10
@-u wi Dx=2 - @-u wi Dx=1 + 1 Hu wi + H-u u + x3 L wi L dx = 0

2
EBC at both ends.
3
1 Hu wi + H-u u + x L wi L dx = 0
2
ClearAll@WeakFormD;
WeakForm@w_, u_D := IntegrateA D@u, xD D@w, xD + Ix3 - D@u, xD uM w, 8x, 1, 2<E
Quadratic solution
a2 x2 + a1 x + a0
ebc = 8Hu . x 1L 1 2, Hu . x 2L 1 3<; solEbc = Solve@ebc, 8a0, a1<D; ua = u . solEbc@@1DD
1
2
a2 x2 + H-18 a2 - 1L x + H3 a2 + 1L
6
3

121 a2
1321
-
360
2160
sol = FindRoot@8eq1<, 88a2, 1<<, MaxIterations 100D

8a2 1.81956<
ux2 = ua . sol
1.81956 x2 - 5.62534 x + 4.30579
Cubic solution
a3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x + a0
ebc = 8Hu . x 1L 1 2, Hu . x 2L 1 3<; solEbc = Solve@ebc, 8a0, a1<D; ua = u . solEbc@@1DD

1
2
a3 x3 + a2 x2 + H-18 a2 - 42 a3 - 1L x + H3 a2 + 9 a3 + 1L
6
3
11
3 a32
a2 a3
271 a3
121 a2
1321
+ + + -
280
420
180
360
2160
a22
3 a3 a2
547 a2
8639 a3
5309
- -
+ +
-
420
280
360
1260
1890
8a2 -2.85862, a3 1.04138<
ux3 = ua . sol
1.04138 x3 - 2.85862 x2 + 1.11953 x + 1.19771

<< Graphics`Legend`

u
Quad
0.5
0.4
Cubic
0.3
0.2
0.1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
7.5
2
d u
+ u u = x3 ; 1 < x < 2
dx2

uH1L = 1 2; u H2L = 2
12
Weak form
3
1 H-u - u u + x L wi dx = 0
2
@-u wi Dx=2 - @-u wi Dx=1 + 1 Hu wi + H-u u + x3 L wi L dx = 0

2
@-u wi Dx=2 + 1 Hu wi + H-u u + x3 L wi L dx = 0

2
NBC at x = 2 u H2L = 2
@-2 wi Dx=2 + 1 Hu wi + H-u u + x3 L wi L dx = 0

2
ClearAll@WeakFormD;
WeakForm@w_, u_D := -H2 w . x 2L + IntegrateA D@u, xD D@w, xD + Ix3 - D@u, xD uM w, 8x, 1, 2<E
Quadratic solution
a2 x2 + a1 x + a0
1
a2 x2 + a1 x + H-2 a1 - 2 a2 + 1L
2

a12
25 a2 a1
3 a1
97 a22
13 a2
9
- -
+ - + +
3
12
4
30
6
20
11 a12
173 a2 a1
7 a1
85 a2
3
- -
+ - 9 a22 + +
12
30
3
12
4
sol = FindRoot@8eq1, eq2<, 88a1, 1<, 8a2, -1<<, MaxIterations 100D
13
8a1 -5.92742, a2 1.81962<
ux2 = ua . sol
1.81962 x2 - 5.92742 x + 4.6078
Cubic solution
a3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x + a0
1
a3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x + H-2 a1 - 2 a2 - 2 a3 + 1L
2
a12
25 a2 a1
101 a3 a1
3 a1
97 a22
523 a32
13 a2
187 a2 a3
39 a3
9
- -
-
+ - -
+ -
+ +
3
12
20
4
30
28
6
12
8
20
11 a12
173 a2 a1
211 a3 a1
7 a1
2101 a32
85 a2
3053 a2 a3
167 a3
3
- -
-
+ - 9 a22 -
+ -
+ +
12
30
15
3
40
12
70
10
4
39 a12
247 a2 a1
849 a3 a1
45 a1
1357 a22
343 a32
89 a2
3779 a2 a3
871 a3
11
- -
-
+ -
-
+ -
+ +
20
20
28
8
70
3
5
40
20
28
sol = FindRoot@8eq1, eq2, eq3<, 88a1, 1<, 8a2, 1<, 8a3, -1<<, MaxIterations 100D
8a1 1.20061, a2 -3.11873, a3 1.09736<

ux3 = ua . sol
1.09736 x3 - 3.11873 x2 + 1.20061 x + 1.32076

<< Graphics`Legend`

14
u
Quad
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
Cubic
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
7.6
Derive equations for a typical two-node linear finite element for the BVP in Problem 7.1. Using two of
these elements, and the Newton-Raphson method, obtain an approximate solution of the problem.
2
d u
+ u3 = 0; 0 < x < 2
-
dx2
uH0L = 1 27; u H2L = 5 3
Weak form
@-5 3 wi Dx=2 + 0 Hu wi + u3 wi L dx = 0
2

3
0 Hu wi + u wi L dx = 5 3 wi H2L
2
The NBC term outside the integral sign will add 5/3 directly to the right hand side of the of the global
equations corresponding to the last node in the model. It is ignored during the following derivation of
element equations.
15
u1
u2
x1
x2
b
x
For a two node element for the problem the assumed solution is a linear interpolation between the nodal
unknowns. Thus
x-x2
uHxL = I
x1 -x2
iu y
x- x1
j 1 zz = H N1 N2
x2 -x1 M j
k u2 {
i u1 y
L jj zz NT d
k u2 {
x-x2
x-x2
x- x1
x- x1
= -
; N2 =
=
N1 =
x -x
b
x -x
b
1
Differentiating with respect to x we get

1
duHxL
= I
u HxL =
x1 -x2
dx
i u1 y
i u1 y
1
M jj zz = H N1 N2 L jj zz BT d
x2 -x1
k u2 {
k u2 {
1
1
N1 =
= - 1b ; N2 =
= 1b
x -x
x -x
1
Weak form for element with no NBC

2

3
x1 Hu wi + u wi L dx = 0
The interpolation functions play the role of the weighting functions. Thus the weak form gives the following two equations.
2
du
N1 + u3 N1 M dx = 0
x1 I
dx
2
du
N2 + u3 N2 M dx = 0
x1 I
dx
Writing the two equations together using matrix notation we have
x2
x1
ijji N1 yz ij N1 yz 3 yz
i0y
jjjj zz u + j
z u zz dx = jj zz
k N2 { {
k0{
kk N2 {
16
Substituting for u and u HxL we have the element equations are as follows.
2
T
T
x1 JB B d + NIN d M N dx = 0
Substituting N, B, and d and carrying out integrations we get the following element equations.
Clear@u, x, x1, x2, bD; n = 8-Hx - x2L b, Hx - x1L b<; b = D@n, xD;
d = 8u1 , u2 <; A = Integrate@Hb * Hb.dL + n * Hn.dL^3L . Hx2 x1 + bL, 8x, x1, x1 + b<D;
r = 80, 0<;
StringForm@"\t k = ``\n\t rE = ``", MatrixForm@Simplify@ADD, MatrixForm@rDD
4 b u1 +3 b u2 u1 +2 Ib u2 +10M u1 +u2 Ib u2 -20M
jij
20 b
j
j
k = jj 2 3 2 2 2 2
jj b u1 +2 b u2 u1 +I3 b u2 -20M u1 +4 u2 Ib2 u22 +5M
k
20 b
2 3
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
{
For use in the Newton-Raphson method, the tangent element matrix is obtained by differentiating these
equations with respect to nodal degrees of freedom as follows.
kT = Table@Map@Simplify@D@A@@iDD, #DD &, dD, 8i, 1, Length@AD<D
3 b u1
bu
3
ij
b u2 u1 + 102 + 1b
jj 5 +
10
jj
jj 3 b u2
3 b u22
j 1 + 1 b u u +
- 1b
2 1
k 20
5
20
2
3 b u2
3 b u1
+ 51 b u2 u1 +
- 1b yzz
20
20
zz
zz
z
3 b u22
b u21
3
1 z
10
+
b u2 u1 +
+ b {
10
5
2
17
u1
u2
1
x=0
2
x=1
u3
3
x=2
From the essential boundary condition u1 = 1 27.

Start solution.
1
dH0L = : , 2, 2>
27
Iteration: 1
1
dH0L = : , 2, 2>
27
5
Due to NBC at node 3, RE = :0, 0, >
3
-0.384979 y
i 1.42305
zz;
Element 1: kTH0L = jj
k -0.384979 3.42236 {
i 5. 1. yz
z;
k 1. 5. {
i -1.54773 yz
rIH0L =kHdH0L L = jj
z;
k 3.58546 {
i 4. y
rIH0L =kHdH0L L = jj zz;
k 4. {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
After assembly, the global matrices are:

KTH0L
1.42305
-0.384979 0 y
jij
zz
j
j
1. zzzz;
= jj -0.384979 8.42236
jj
zz
1.
5. {
k0
Because of EBC 8Du1 < = 80<
RIH0L
-1.54773 y
jij
zz
j
j
= jj 7.58546 zzzz;
jj
zz
k 4.
{
i0 y
rE = jj zz
k0 {
ij 0
jj
RE = jjjj 0
jj 5
k 3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
18
After adjusting for EBC:

i 8.42236 1. yz
z;
KTH0L = jj
5. {
k 1.
i0 y
RE = jjjj 5 zzzz;
k 3 {
i 7.58546 yz
RI = jj
z
{
k 4.
i -7.58546 yz
z
RH0L = RE - RIH0L = jj
k -2.33333 {
Convergence parameter = R2 H1+RE 2 L = 16.6722

Complete incremental equations
ij 8.42236 1. yzij Du2 yz ij -7.58546 yz
zj
z
j
z=j
5. {k Du3 { k -2.33333 {
k 1.
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.865785, -0.29351<
1
Total nodal values, dH1L = : , 1.13422, 1.70649>
27
Iteration: 2
1
dH1L = : , 1.13422, 1.70649>
27
5
3
-0.798426 y
i 1.14207
zz;
k -0.798426 1.78461 {
0.0168883 y
i 2.64374
zz;
k 0.0168883 3.45657 {
i -1.01921 yz
z;
k 1.3963 {
i 0.627611 zy
z;
k 2.3541 {

KTH1L
-0.798426 0
ij 1.14207
yz
j
z
= jjjj -0.798426 4.42834
0.0168883 zzzz;
jj
zz
0.0168883 3.45657 {
k0
RIH1L

0.0168883 y
i 4.42834
zz;
KTH1L = jj
0.0168883
3.45657 {
k
i0
RE = jjjj 5
k 3
zyz;
zz
{
i 2.02391 yz
RI = jj
z
k 2.3541 {
i -2.02391 yz
z
k -0.687435 {
ij -1.01921 yz
j
z
= jjjj 2.02391 zzzz;
jj
zz
k 2.3541 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0 y
rE = jj zz
k0 {
ij 0
jj
RE = jjjj 0
jj 5
k 3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
19

0.0168883 yi Du2 y i -2.02391 y
ij 4.42834
zzjj
zz
zz = jj
j
k 0.0168883 3.45657 {k Du3 { k -0.687435 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.456287, -0.196649<
1
27
Iteration: 3
1
dH2L = : , 0.677928, 1.50984>
27
5
3
-0.925835 y
i 1.05431
zz;
k -0.925835 1.28342 {
i -0.623461 zy
z;
k 0.705853 {
-0.384406 y
i 1.81078
zz;
k -0.384406 2.7208
{
i -0.338879 yz
z;
k 1.83707 {

KTH2L
1.05431
-0.925835 0
yz
jij
z
j
j
= jj -0.925835 3.09421
-0.384406 zzzz;
jj
zz
-0.384406 2.7208
k0
{
RIH2L

-0.384406 y
i 3.09421
zz;
KTH2L = jj
{
k -0.384406 2.7208
i0
RE = jjjj 5
k 3
yz
zz;
z
{
i 0.366974 yz
RI = jj
z
k 1.83707 {
i -0.366974 zy
z
k -0.170402 {

-0.384406 yi Du2 y i -0.366974 y
ij 3.09421
zz = jj
zz
zzjj
j
-0.384406
2.7208
k
{k Du3 { k -0.170402 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.128639, -0.0808041<
1
27
Iteration: 4
-0.623461 y
jij
zz
j
j
= jj 0.366974 zzzz;
jj
zz
k 1.83707 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
ij 0
jj
RE = jjjj 0
jj 5
k 3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
20
1
dH3L = : , 0.549289, 1.42904>
27
5
3
-0.950468 y
i 1.0371
zz;
k -0.950468 1.18727 {
i -0.502725 yz
z;
k 0.547152 {
-0.491429 y
i 1.62073
zz;
k -0.491429 2.49095 {
i -0.523839 yz
z;
k 1.68307 {
-0.950468 0
ij 1.0371
yz
j
z
KTH3L = jjjj -0.950468 2.808
-0.491429 zzzz;
jj
zz
-0.491429 2.49095 {
k0

-0.491429 y
i 2.808
zz;
KTH3L = jj
k -0.491429 2.49095 {
i0
RE = jjjj 5
k 3
yz
zz;
z
{
RIH3L
ij -0.502725 yz
j
z
= jjjj 0.0233135 zzzz;
jj
zz
k 1.68307 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
ij 0
jj
=
RE jjjj 0
jj 5
k 3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
i 0.0233135 zy
RI = jj
z
k 1.68307 {
i -0.0233135 yz
z
k -0.0164061 {

-0.491429 yzij Du2 yz ij -0.0233135 yz
ij 2.808
z=j
z
j
zj
k -0.491429 2.49095 {k Du3 { k -0.0164061 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.00979331, -0.00851835<
1
27
Solution converged to desired tolerance of 0.01.
This solution compares reasonably well with the cubic solution obtained in Problem 7.1. It can obviously
be improved further by using more elements.
21
uHxL
2 Elements
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Cubic
0.5
1.5
7.7
Derive equations for a typical two-node linear finite element for the BVP in Problem 7.2. Using three of
2
d u
= 12 u3 ; 0 < x < 2
dx2

uH0L = 1; uH2L = 1 27
Weak form

3
0 Hu wi + 12 u wi L dx = 0
2
u1
u2
x1
x2
b
x
unknowns. Thus
22
x-x2
uHxL = I
x1 -x2
iu y
x- x1
j 1 zz = H N1 N2
x2 -x1 M j
k u2 {
i u1 y
L jj zz NT d
k u2 {
x-x2
x-x2
x- x1
x- x1
= -
; N2 =
=
N1 =
x -x
b
x -x
b
1

1
duHxL
= I
u HxL =
x1 -x2
dx
i u1 y
i u1 y
1
x2 -x1
k u2 {
k u2 {
1
1
N1 =
= - 1b ; N2 =
= 1b
x -x
x -x
1
Weak form for element
2

3
x1 Hu wi + 12 u wi L dx = 0
2
du
N1 + 12 u3 N1 M dx = 0
x1 I
dx
2
du
N2 + 12 u3 N2 M dx = 0
x1 I
dx
x2
x1
ijji N1 yz
i N1 yz 3 yz
i0y
jjjj zz u + 12 jj
z u zz dx = jj zz
k N2 { {
k0{
kk N2 {
2
T
T
x1 B B d + 12 NIN d M dx = 0
d = 8u1 , u2 <; A = Integrate@Hb * Hb.dL + 12 n * Hn.dL^3L . Hx2 x1 + bL, 8x, x1, x1 + b<D;
r = 80, 0<;
23
5 u2
ij 1 I12 b u31 + 9 b u2 u21 + I6 b u22 + 5 M u1 + 3 b u32 -
b M yz
b
zz
jj 5
zz
k = jjj 3 b u3
2
3
zz
9 b u2
12 b u2
u2
1
j 1 + 6 b u u2 + J
- b N u1 + 5 + b
2 1
5
5
{
k 5
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
36 b u1
6 b u2
18
ij
+ 1b
jj 5 + 5 b u2 u1 +
5
jj
jj 9 b u2
9 b u22
12
j 1 +
b u2 u1 +
- 1b
k 5
5
5
2
u1
1
x=0
u2
u3
2
x =
3
4
x =
3
9 b u1
9 b u2
12
+
b u2 u1 +
- 1b yzz
5
5
5
zz
zz
36 b u22
6 b u21
18
1 z
z
b
u
u
+
2
1
5
5
5
b {
2
u4
4
x=2
From the essential boundary conditions u1 = 1 and u4 = 1 27.

Start solution.
1
dH0L = :1, 2, 2, >
27
24
Iteration: 1
1
dH0L = :1, 2, 2, >
27
i 14.3 7.7 yz
z;
k 7.7 26.3 {
i 8.9 zy
z;
k 21.1 {
i 33.5 14.5 yz
z;
k 14.5 33.5 {
i 20.8789
k 3.42016
3.42016 y
zz;
4.88436 {
i 32. yz
z;
k 32. {
KTH0L
7.7
14.5 54.3789
0
3.42016
Because of EBC 8Du1 , Du4 < = 80, 0<

i 59.8 14.5
KTH0L = jj
k 14.5 54.3789
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
3.42016 zzzz
zz
4.88436 {
0
59.8 14.5
yz
z;
{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i 15.9244 yz
z;
k 0.377448 {

ij 14.3
jj
jj 7.7
= jjjj
jjj 0
jj
k0
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
ij 8.9
yz
jj
zz
jj 53.1
zz
zz;
RIH0L = jjjj
zz
jjj 47.9244 zzz
jj
zz
k 0.377448 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjjj zzzz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
k0{
i 53.1
yz
RI = jj
z
47.9244
k
{
i -53.1
zyz
k -47.9244 {

yzij Du2 yz ij -53.1
yz
ij 59.8 14.5
zj
z
j
z=j
k 14.5 54.3789 {k Du3 { k -47.9244 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.720874, -0.689087<
1
Total nodal values, dH1L = :1, 1.27913, 1.31091, >
27
Iteration: 2
1
dH1L = :1, 1.27913, 1.31091, >
27
i 10.6788 3.71
13.2235
k 3.71
yz
z;
{
i 4.86234 yz
z;
k 7.15397 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
25
i 14.7528 5.20851 yz
z;
k 5.20851 15.0821 {
i 9.86639 0.641522 yz
z;
k 0.641522 2.9979 {
i 8.5344 yz
z;
k 8.843 {
i 5.59312 yz
z;
k -0.956539 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{

KTH1L =
ij 10.6788
jj
jj 3.71
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
27.9763
5.20851
5.20851
0
ij 4.86234 yz
jj
z
jj 15.6884 zzz
H1L
j
zz;
j
RI = jj
z
jj 14.4361 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.956539 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
24.9485 0.641522 zzzz
zz
0.641522 2.9979 {
3.71

i 27.9763 5.20851 yz
z;
KTH1L = jj
k 5.20851 24.9485 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjjj zzzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0{
i 15.6884 yz
RI = jj
z
k 14.4361 {
i -15.6884 yz
z
k -14.4361 {

27.9763 5.20851 yi Du2 y i -15.6884 y
zzjj
zz
jij
zz = jj
k 5.20851 24.9485 {k Du3 { k -14.4361 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.471367, -0.48023<
1
27
Iteration: 3
1
dH2L = :1, 0.80776, 0.830683, >
27
i 8.7606
k 1.77539
i 6.79429
k 1.1846
1.77539 y
zz;
7.3705 {
1.1846 y
zz;
6.94453 {
-0.621087 y
i 4.8871
zz;
-0.621087
2.13245
k
{
i 3.59047 yz
z;
k 2.38409 {
i 2.13447 zy
z;
k 2.26478 {
i 2.13919 yz
z;
k -0.939295 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
26

ij 8.7606
jj
jj 1.77539
H2L
KT = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
RIH2L
ij 3.59047 yz
jj
z
jj 4.51856 zzz
j
zz;
j
= jj
z
jj 4.40397 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.939295 {
1.77539
14.1648
1.1846
0
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
11.8316
-0.621087 zzzz
z
-0.621087 2.13245 {
0
1.1846
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjjj zzzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0{

i 14.1648 1.1846 yz
z;
KTH2L = jj
k 1.1846 11.8316 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
i 4.51856 yz
RI = jj
z
k 4.40397 {
i -4.51856 yz
z
k -4.40397 {

ij 14.1648 1.1846 yzij Du2 yz ij -4.51856 yz
zj
z
j
z=j
k 1.1846 11.8316 {k Du3 { k -4.40397 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.290301, -0.343155<
1
27
Iteration: 4
1
dH3L = :1, 0.517458, 0.487528, >
27
i 7.75611 0.849249 yz
z;
k 0.849249 4.82716 {
-0.489822 y
i 3.58087
zz;
k -0.489822 3.46055 {
-1.18424 y
i 2.68532
zz;
k -1.18424 1.74007 {
i 3.2144 yz
z;
k 0.63316 {
i 0.56798 zy
z;
k 0.447955 {
i 0.87226 yz
z;
k -0.62146 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
27

KTH3L =
7.75611
jij
jj 0.849249
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zyz
zz
8.40804
-0.489822 0
zz
zz;
-0.489822 6.14587
-1.18424 zzzz
z
0
-1.18424 1.74007 {
0.849249

-0.489822 y
i 8.40804
zz;
KTH3L = jj
k -0.489822 6.14587 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
3.2144 y
jij
z
jj 1.20114 zzz
jj
zz
H3L
zz;
RI = jjj
jj 1.32022 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.62146 {
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
j z
RE = jjjj zzzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0{
i 1.20114 zy
RI = jj
z
k 1.32022 {
i -1.20114 yz
z
k -1.32022 {

-0.489822 yzij Du2 yz ij -1.20114 yz
ij 8.40804
j
zj
z=j
z
k -0.489822 6.14587 {k Du3 { k -1.32022 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.156095, -0.227254<
1
27
Iteration: 5
1
dH4L = :1, 0.361363, 0.260274, >
27
i 7.27174 0.434881 yz
z;
k 0.434881 3.79407 {
i 3.11493
zyz;
k -0.0366639 {
i0 y
rE = jj zz
k0 {
-1.40164 y
i 1.8494
zz;
k -1.40164 1.58391 {
i 0.366383 yz
z;
k -0.325286 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
-1.11152 y
i 2.40672
zz;
-1.11152
2.15536
{
k
i 0.294556 yz
z;
k -0.0479819 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
28

KTH4L
RIH4L
ij 7.27174
jj
jj 0.434881
= jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij 3.11493 yz
jj
z
jj 0.257892 zzz
j
zz;
j
= jj
z
jj 0.318401 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.325286 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-1.11152 4.00476
-1.40164 zzzz
z
0
-1.40164 1.58391 {
0.434881
6.20079
-1.11152 0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjjj zzzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0 {

-1.11152 y
i 6.20079
zz;
KTH4L = jj
k -1.11152 4.00476 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
i 0.257892 yz
RI = jj
z
k 0.318401 {
i -0.257892 yz
z
k -0.318401 {

-1.11152 yi Du2 y i -0.257892 y
ij 6.20079
zzjj
zz
zz = jj
j
-1.11152
4.00476 {k Du3 { k -0.318401 {
k
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.0587656, -0.0958162<
1
27
Iteration: 6
1
dH5L = :1, 0.302598, 0.164458, >
27
i 7.09949 0.294034 yz
z;
k 0.294034 3.46575 {
-1.27804 y
i 2.08059
zz;
k -1.27804 1.82251 {
-1.45615 y
i 1.64554
zz;
k -1.45615 1.54284 {
i 3.09356 yz
z;
k -0.249816 {
i 0.277938 zy
z;
k -0.167142 {
i 0.199651 yz
z;
k -0.188199 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
29

KTH5L
RIH5L
ij 7.09949
jj
jj 0.294034
= jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij 3.09356 yz
jj
z
jj 0.0281225 zzz
j
zz;
j
= jj
z
jj 0.0325096 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.188199 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-1.27804 3.46805
-1.45615 zzzz
z
0
-1.45615 1.54284 {
0.294034
5.54633
-1.27804 0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjjj zzzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0 {

-1.27804 y
i 5.54633
zz;
KTH5L = jj
k -1.27804 3.46805 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
i 0.0281225 yz
RI = jj
z
k 0.0325096 {
i -0.0281225 yz
z
k -0.0325096 {

-1.27804 yi Du2 y i -0.0281225 y
ij 5.54633
zzjj
zz
zz = jj
j
-1.27804
3.46805 {k Du3 { k -0.0325096 {
k
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.00790151, -0.0122859<
1
27
30
uHxL
1
3 Elements
0.8
Cubic
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.5
1.5
7.8
d u
= u + H2 u - lnHxLL3 ; 1 < x < 2

dx2
2
uH1L = 1 2; uH2L = 1 2 + lnH2L
Weak form
1 Iu wi + Iu + H2 u - lnHxLL M wi M dx = 0
2
u1
u2
x1
x2
b
x
unknowns. Thus
31
x-x2
uHxL = I
x1 -x2
iu y
x- x1
j 1 zz = H N1 N2
x2 -x1 M j
k u2 {
i u1 y
L jj zz NT d
k u2 {
x-x2
x-x2
x- x1
x- x1
= -
; N2 =
=
N1 =
x -x
b
x -x
b
1

1
duHxL
= I
u HxL =
x1 -x2
dx
i u1 y
i u1 y
1
x2 -x1
k u2 {
k u2 {
1
1
N1 =
= - 1b ; N2 =
= 1b
x -x
x -x
1
2
3

x1 Iu wi + Iu + H2 u - lnHxLL M wi M dx = 0
2
du
N1 + Iu + H2 u - lnHxLL3 M N1 M dx = 0
x1 I
dx
2
du
N2 + Iu + H2 u - lnHxLL3 M N2 M dx = 0
x1 I
dx
x2
x1
ijji N1 yz ij N1 yz
y
i0y
jjjj zz u + j
z Iu + H2 u - lnHxLL3 Mzzz dx = jj zz
k N2 {
k0{
kk N2 {
{
2
T
T
T
x1 B B d + NJB d + I2 N d - lnHxLM N dx = 0
d = 8u1 , u2 <; A = Integrate@Hb * Hb.dL + n * Hb.d + H2 n.d - Log@xDL^3LL . Hx2 x1 + bL,
8x, x1, x1 + b<, Assumptions 8x1 > 0, b > 0<D;
r = 80, 0<;
StringForm@"k = ``;\t rE = ``", Simplify@AD, rD
32
1
k = : 3
360 b
I45 b2 I3 b H14 x1 + 15 bL + 6 x1 H7 x1 + 8 bL Log@x1D - 6 x1 H3 x1 + 4 bL Log@x1D2 + 4 x1 Hx1 + 2 bL Log@x1D3 - 42
Hx1 + bL2 Log@x1 + bD + 18 Hx1 + bL2 Log@x1 + bD2 - 4 Hx1 + bL2 Log@x1 + bD3 M + 360 b2 u1 + 576 b4 u31 -
360 b u2 + 20 b Ib I-132 x12 - 132 x1 b + b H9 + 19 bLM - 6 x12 H22 x1 + 27 bL Log@x1D + 18 x12 H2 x1 + 3 bL

2
Log@x1D2 + 6 H22 x1 - 5 bL Hx1 + bL2 Log@x1 + bD - 18 H2 x1 - bL Hx1 + bL2 Log@x1 + bD2 M u2 + 30
Ib I36 x13 + 30 x12 b - 12 x1 b2 + 7 b3 M + 12 x13 H3 x1 + 4 bL Log@x1D - 12 I3 x14 + 4 x13 b + b4 M Log@x1 + bDM
u22 + 144 b4 u32 + 18 u21 I5 Ib I12 x13 + 42 x12 b + 52 x1 b2 + 25 b3 M +
12 x1 Ix13 + 4 x12 b + 6 x1 b2 + 4 b3 M Log@x1D - 12 Hx1 + bL4 Log@x1 + bDM + 24 b4 u2 M -
4 u1 I-5 b Ib I132 x12 + 294 x1 b + b H-9 + 170 bLM + 12 x1 I11 x12 + 27 x1 b + 18 b2 M Log@x1D -
36 x1 Ix12 + 3 x1 b + 3 b2 M Log@x1D2 - 132 Hx1 + bL3 Log@x1 + bD + 36 Hx1 + bL3 Log@x1 + bD2 M +
15 Ib I36 x13 + 78 x12 b + 36 x1 b2 - 13 b3 M + 12 x12 I3 x12 + 8 x1 b + 6 b2 M Log@x1D 12 H3 x1 - bL Hx1 + bL3 Log@x1 + bDM u2 - 72 b4 u22 MM,
1
3 I-45 b2 I3 H14 x1 - bL b + 42 x12 Log@x1D - 18 x12 Log@x1D2 + 4 x12 Log@x1D3 360 b
6 I7 x12 + 6 x1 b - b2 M Log@x1 + bD + 6 I3 x12 + 2 x1 b - b2 M Log@x1 + bD2 - 4 Ix12 - b2 M Log@x1 + bD3 M +
144 b4 u31 + 20 b Ib I18 + 132 x12 + 9 b - 30 x1 b + 8 b2 M + 132 x13 Log@x1D - 36 x13 Log@x1D2 12 I11 x13 + 6 x12 b - 3 x1 b2 + 2 b3 M Log@x1 + bD + 36 Ix13 + b3 M Log@x1 + bD2 M u2 -
90 Ib I12 x13 - 6 x12 b + 4 x1 b2 - 3 b3 M + 12 x14 Log@x1D - 12 Ix14 - b4 M Log@x1 + bDM u22 +

576 b4 u32 - 6 u21 I5 Ib I36 x13 + 78 x12 b + 36 x1 b2 - 13 b3 M +
12 x12 I3 x12 + 8 x1 b + 6 b2 M Log@x1D - 12 H3 x1 - bL Hx1 + bL3 Log@x1 + bDM - 48 b4 u2 M +
4 u1 I5 b Ib I-18 - 132 x12 - 9 b - 132 x1 b + 19 b2 M - 6 x12 H22 x1 + 27 bL Log@x1D + 18 x12 H2 x1 + 3 bL

Log@x1D2 + 6 H22 x1 - 5 bL Hx1 + bL2 Log@x1 + bD - 18 H2 x1 - bL Hx1 + bL2 Log@x1 + bD2 M +
15 Ib I36 x13 + 30 x12 b - 12 x1 b2 + 7 b3 M + 12 x13 H3 x1 + 4 bL Log@x1D 12 I3 x14 + 4 x13 b + b4 M Log@x1 + bDM u2 + 108 b4 u22 MM>;
rE = 80, 0<
1
I5 b Ib I18 + 132 x12 - 9 b + 294 x1 b + 170 b2 M + 12 x1 I11 x12 + 27 x1 b + 18 b2 M Log@x1D ::
90 b3
36 x1 Ix12 + 3 x1 b + 3 b2 M Log@x1D2 - 132 Hx1 + bL3 Log@x1 + bD + 36 Hx1 + bL3 Log@x1 + bD2 M +
432 b4 u21 - 15 Ib I36 x13 + 78 x12 b + 36 x1 b2 - 13 b3 M + 12 x12 I3 x12 + 8 x1 b + 6 b2 M Log@x1D 12 H3 x1 - bL Hx1 + bL3 Log@x1 + bDM u2 + 72 b4 u22 +
9 u1 I5 Ib I12 x13 + 42 x12 b + 52 x1 b2 + 25 b3 M + 12 x1 Ix13 + 4 x12 b + 6 x1 b2 + 4 b3 M Log@x1D -
33
1
12 Hx1 + bL4 Log@x1 + bDM + 24 b4 u2 MM,
90 b3
I5 b Ib I-18 - 132 x12 + 9 b - 132 x1 b + 19 b2 M - 6 x12 H22 x1 + 27 bL Log@x1D + 18 x12 H2 x1 + 3 bL Log@x1D2 +
6 H22 x1 - 5 bL Hx1 + bL2 Log@x1 + bD - 18 H2 x1 - bL Hx1 + bL2 Log@x1 + bD2 M +
108 b u21 + 15 Ib I36 x13 + 30 x12 b - 12 x1 b2 + 7 b3 M + 12 x13 H3 x1 + 4 bL Log@x1D 4
12 I3 x14 + 4 x13 b + b4 M Log@x1 + bDM u2 + 108 b4 u22 -
3 u1 I5 Ib I36 x13 + 78 x12 b + 36 x1 b2 - 13 b3 M + 12 x12 I3 x12 + 8 x1 b + 6 b2 M Log@x1D 12 H3 x1 - bL Hx1 + bL3 Log@x1 + bDM - 48 b4 u2 MM>,
1
I5 b Ib I-18 - 132 x12 - 9 b - 132 x1 b + 19 b2 M - 6 x12 H22 x1 + 27 bL Log@x1D + 18 x12 H2 x1 + 3 bL Log@x1D2 +
:
90 b3
6 H22 x1 - 5 bL Hx1 + bL2 Log@x1 + bD - 18 H2 x1 - bL Hx1 + bL2 Log@x1 + bD2 M +
108 b4 u21 + 15 Ib I36 x13 + 30 x12 b - 12 x1 b2 + 7 b3 M + 12 x13 H3 x1 + 4 bL Log@x1D 12 I3 x14 + 4 x13 b + b4 M Log@x1 + bDM u2 + 108 b4 u22 -
3 u1 I5 Ib I36 x13 + 78 x12 b + 36 x1 b2 - 13 b3 M + 12 x12 I3 x12 + 8 x1 b + 6 b2 M Log@x1D 12 H3 x1 - bL Hx1 + bL3 Log@x1 + bDM - 48 b4 u2 MM,
I5 b Ib I18 + 132 x12 + 9 b - 30 x1 b + 8 b2 M + 132 x13 Log@x1D - 36 x13 Log@x1D2 90 b3

12 I11 x13 + 6 x12 b - 3 x1 b2 + 2 b3 M Log@x1 + bD + 36 Ix13 + b3 M Log@x1 + bD2 M + 72 b4 u21 45 Ib I12 x13 - 6 x12 b + 4 x1 b2 - 3 b3 M + 12 x14 Log@x1D - 12 Ix14 - b4 M Log@x1 + bDM u2 +
432 b4 u22 + 3 u1 I5 Ib I36 x13 + 30 x12 b - 12 x1 b2 + 7 b3 M +
12 x13 H3 x1 + 4 bL Log@x1D - 12 I3 x14 + 4 x13 b + b4 M Log@x1 + bDM + 72 b4 u2 MM>>
u1
1
x=1
u2
u3
4
x =
3
5
x =
3
u4
4
x=2
34
From the essential boundary conditions u1 = 1 2 and u4 = 1 2 + lnH2L.

Start solution.
1
1
dH0L = : , 2, 2, + logH2L>
2
2
Iteration: 1
1
1
dH0L = : , 2, 2, + logH2L>
2
2
-0.539742 y
i 4.54515
zz;
k -1.53974 9.79933 {
i -2.20157 yz
z;
k 9.46629 {
i 11.3962 1.81069 yz
z;
k 0.810687 11.8618 {
i 8.00185 yz
z;
k 7.52103 {
-0.213951 y
i 8.73257
zz;
k -1.21395 6.63238 {

KTH0L
RIH0L
ij 4.54515
jj
jj -1.53974
= jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
ij -2.20157 yz
jj
z
jj 17.4681 zzz
j
zz;
j
= jj
zz
jj 13.804
zz
jj
zz
k -0.613373 {
i 6.283
yz
z;
k -0.613373 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
20.5944
-0.213951 zzzz
zz
-1.21395 6.63238 {
-0.539742 0
21.1955
0.810687
0
1.81069
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjjj zzzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0 {

i 21.1955 1.81069 yz
z;
KTH0L = jj
k 0.810687 20.5944 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
i 17.4681 yz
RI = jj
z
k 13.804 {
i -17.4681 yz
z
k -13.804 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0 y
rE = jj zz
k0 {
35

ij 21.1955 1.81069 yzij Du2 yz ij -17.4681 yz
zj
z
j
z=j
k 0.810687 20.5944 {k Du3 { k -13.804 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.76947, -0.639992<
1
1
Total nodal values, dH1L = : , 1.23053, 1.36001, + logH2L>
2
2
Iteration: 2
1
1
dH1L = : , 1.23053, 1.36001, + logH2L>
2
2
-1.64653 y
i 3.63781
zz;
k -2.64653 5.87659 {
i -1.33007 zy
z;
k 3.55671 {
-1.23086 y
i 5.38451
zz;
k -2.23086 5.71409 {
i 1.83549 yz
z;
k 0.50643 {
-0.906659 y
i 5.66395
zz;
-1.90666
6.71674
k
{
i 1.40571 yz
z;
k 2.21146 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{

KTH1L =
ij 3.63781
jj
jj -2.64653
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-1.64653 0
11.5405
-1.90666 12.1013
0
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-1.23086 zzzz
z
5.71409 {
0
-0.906659 0
-2.23086

-0.906659 y
i 11.5405
zz;
KTH1L = jj
k -1.90666 12.1013 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
RIH1L
i 4.96241 yz
RI = jj
z
k 4.04695 {
i -4.96241 yz
z
k -4.04695 {

-0.906659 yi Du2 y i -4.96241 y
ij 11.5405
zzjj
zz = jj
zz
j
k -1.90666 12.1013 {k Du3 { k -4.04695 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.46199, -0.407215<
1
1
2
2
ij -1.33007 yz
jj
z
jj 4.96241 zzz
j
j
zzz;
= jj
jj 4.04695 zzz
jj
zz
k 0.50643 {
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjjj zzzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0{
36
Iteration: 3
1
1
dH2L = : , 0.76854, 0.952793, + logH2L>
2
2
-2.08347 y
i 3.24475
zz;
k -3.08347 4.43165 {
i -0.461881 zy
z;
k 1.20185 {
-1.70733 y
i 3.93651
zz;
k -2.70733 5.24352 {
i -0.0443342 yz
z;
k 1.51638
{
-1.92139 y
i 3.59601
zz;
-2.92139
4.72421
k
{
i -0.0990933 yz
z;
k 1.04875
{

ij 3.24475
jj
jj -3.08347
KTH2L = jjjj
jjj 0
jj
k0
RIH2L
ij -0.461881 yz
jj
z
jj 1.10275 zzz
j
zz;
= jjj
z
jj 1.00441 zzz
jjj
zzz
k 1.51638 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-2.92139 8.66072
-1.70733 zzzz
zz
0
-2.70733 5.24352 {
-2.08347 0
8.02766
-1.92139 0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjjj zzzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
k0{

-1.92139 y
i 8.02766
zz;
KTH2L = jj
k -2.92139 8.66072 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
i 1.10275 yz
RI = jj
z
k 1.00441 {
i -1.10275 yz
z
k -1.00441 {

8.02766
-1.92139 yi Du2 y i -1.10275 y
zzjj
zz
jij
zz = jj
k -2.92139 8.66072 {k Du3 { k -1.00441 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.179629, -0.176565<
1
1
2
2
Iteration: 4
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
37
1
1
dH3L = : , 0.588911, 0.776228, + logH2L>
2
2
-2.20726 y
i 3.12266
zz;
-3.20726
4.05424
{
k
i -0.0761237 yz
z;
k 0.441234 {
-1.87269 y
i 3.47359
zz;
k -2.87269 5.06697 {
i -0.697048 zy
z;
k 2.00937 {
-2.19183 y
i 3.06993
zz;
k -3.19183 4.16747 {
i -0.330868 yz
z;
k 0.816559 {

KTH3L
RIH3L
ij 3.12266
jj
jj -3.20726
= jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
ij -0.0761237 yz
jj
z
jj 0.110366 zzz
j
j
zzz;
= jj
zz
jj 0.11951
jjj
zzzz
k 2.00937
{
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-3.19183 7.64105
-1.87269 zzzz
zz
0
-2.87269 5.06697 {
-2.20726 0
7.12417
-2.19183 0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjjj zzzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
k0{

-2.19183 y
i 7.12417
zz;
KTH3L = jj
k -3.19183 7.64105 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
i 0.110366 yz
RI = jj
z
k 0.11951 {
i -0.110366 yz
z
k -0.11951 {

-2.19183 yi Du2 y i -0.110366 y
ij 7.12417
zzjj
zz
zz = jj
j
-3.19183
7.64105 {k Du3 { k -0.11951 {
k
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.0232979, -0.0253726<
1
1
2
2
Iteration: 5
1
1
dH4L = : , 0.565613, 0.750856, + logH2L>
2
2
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
38
-2.22143 yz
i 3.10809
z;
k -3.22143 4.01286 {
i -0.0245332 yz
z;
k 0.347264 {
-1.89441 y
i 3.41526
zz;
k -2.89441 5.04296 {
i -0.784438 yz
z;
k 2.08253 {
-2.22224 y
i 3.01272
zz;
k -3.22224 4.10279 {
i -0.345717 yz
z;
k 0.786367 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{

KTH4L
RIH4L
ij 3.10809
jj
jj -3.22143
= jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
ij -0.0245332 yz
jj
z
jj 0.00154695 zzz
j
j
zzz;
= jj
jj 0.00192899 zzz
jjj
zzz
k 2.08253
{
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-3.22224 7.51806
-1.89441 zzzz
zz
0
-2.89441 5.04296 {
-2.22143 0
7.02557
-2.22224 0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjjj zzzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
k0{

-2.22224 y
i 7.02557
zz;
KTH4L = jj
k -3.22224 7.51806 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
i 0.00154695 yz
RI = jj
z
k 0.00192899 {
i -0.00154695 yz
z
k -0.00192899 {
Convergence parameter = R2 H1+RE 2 L = 6.11403 10-6

-2.22224 yi Du2 y i -0.00154695 y
ij 7.02557
zzjj
zz
zz = jj
j
k -3.22224 7.51806 {k Du3 { k -0.00192899 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.000348606, -0.000405993<
1
1
2
2
39
uHxL
1.2
3 Elements
1.1
0.9
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Cubic
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
7.9
2
d u
+ u u = x3 ; 1 < x < 2
dx2
uH1L = 1 2; uH2L = 1 3
Weak form
3
1 Hu wi + H-u u + x L wi L dx = 0
2
3
1 H-u wi + u u wi L dx = 1 x wi dx
2
u1
u2
x1
x2
b
x
40
unknowns. Thus
x-x2
uHxL = I
x1 -x2
iu y
iu y
x- x1
j 1 zz = H N1 N2 L jj 1 zz NT d
x2 -x1 M j
u
k 2{
k u2 {
x-x2
x-x2
x- x1
x- x1
= -
; N2 =
=
N1 =
x -x
b
x -x
b
1

1
duHxL
= I
u HxL =
x1 -x2
dx
i u1 y
1
M jj zz = H N1 N2
x2 -x1
k u2 {
i u1 y
L jj zz BT d
k u2 {
1
1
N1 =
= - 1b ; N2 =
= 1b
x -x
x -x
1
2
2

3
x1 H-u wi + u u L wi dx = x1 x wi dx
2
du
N1 + u u N1 M dx = x 2 x3 N1 dx
x1 I -
dx
1
2
du
N1 + u u N2 M dx = x 2 x3 N2 dx
x1 I -
dx
1
x2
x1
x2 N
ij ij N1 yz ij N1 yz yz
i 1 yz 3
jjjj zz u + j
z u u zz dx = jj
z x dx
N
N
k 2{
x1 k N2 {
k k 2{
{
Substituting for u and u HxL we have
2
2
T
T
T
3
x1 I-B B d + NIN d B d M dx = x1 Nx dx
Clear@u, x, x2, x1, b, LD; n = 8-Hx - x2L b, Hx - x1L b<; b = D@n, xD;
d = 8u1 , u2 <; A = Integrate@H-b * Hb.dL + n * Hn.dL * Hb.dLL . Hx2 x1 + bL, 8x, x1, x1 + b<D;
r = Integrate@Hn * x^3L . Hx2 x1 + bL, 8x, x1, x1 + b<D;
41
Hu1 -u2 L H2 b u1 +b u2 +6L

ij -
6b
k = jjjj
Hu1 -u2 L Hb u1 +2 b u2 -6L
k -
6b
yz
zz
zz
{
b
x1 b
x1 b
x1 b
+
+
+
jij
20
4
2
2
j
j
rE = jj 4
3
2 2
j
b
3 x1 b
x13 b
k 5 + 4 + x1 b +
2
4
2 2
zyz
zz
zz
z
{
ij 16 I-4 u1 + u2 - 6b M
jj
jj u
u2
1
1
k - 3 - 6 + b
u1
1
x=1
u2
u1
u2
+
+ 1b yz
6
3
zz
z
b u1 -4 b u2 +6 z
-
{
6b
u3
4
x =
3
5
x =
3
u4
4
x=2
From the essential boundary conditions u1 = 1 2 and u4 = 1 3.

Start solution.
1
1
dH0L = : , 2, 2, >
2
3
42
Iteration: 1
1
1
dH0L = : , 2, 2, >
2
3
i -3. 3.75
k 2.5 -1.75
i -4. 4. zy
z;
-2. {
k 2.
yz
z;
{
i 5.25 yz
z;
k -3.375 {
i 2.22045 10-16 yz
zz;
rIH0L =kHdH0L L = jjjj
-16 z
k -2.22045 10 {
i -4.27778 3.44444 yz
z;
-3.11111 {
k 2.27778
i -6.2037 yz
z;
k 4.25926 {

KTH0L
RIH0L
ij -3.
jj
jj 2.5
= jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij 5.25
yz
jj
z
jj -3.375 zzz
j
zz;
j
= jj
z
jj -6.2037 zzz
jjj
zzz
k 4.25926 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-6.27778 3.44444 zzzz
z
2.27778
-3.11111 {
3.75
-5.75
4.
2.
0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
j
j
zzz
RE = jj
jj 1.57407 zzz
jjj
zzz
k 1.12901 {

yz
i -5.75 4.
z;
KTH0L = jj
-6.27778 {
k 2.
i 0.814815 yz
RE = jj
z;
k 1.57407 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i -3.375 yz
RI = jj
z
k -6.2037 {
i 4.18981 yz
z
k 7.77778 {

yzij Du2 yz ij 4.18981 yz
ij -5.75 4.
z
zj
z=j
j
2.
-6.27778
{k Du3 { k 7.77778 {
k
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-2.0434, -1.88993<
1
1
Total nodal values, dH1L = : , -0.0433991, 0.110068, >
2
3
i 0.50679 yz
z
rE = jj
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
43
Iteration: 2
1
1
dH1L = : , -0.0433991, 0.110068, >
2
3
i -3.34057 3.06887 yz
z;
-3.11227 {
k 2.84057
i -2.95272 3.02946
-2.91939
k 2.99612
i -3.01782 3.12946
-2.79612
k 2.90776
i -1.71683 zy
z;
k 1.59277 {
i 0.460995 yz
z;
k -0.455879 {
yz
z;
{
yz
z;
{
i 0.690392 yz
z;
k -0.640894 {

ij -3.34057
jj
jj 2.84057
KTH1L = jjjj
jjj 0
jj
k0
RIH1L
ij -1.71683 yz
jj
z
jj 2.05377 zzz
zz;
= jjjj
z
jj 0.234513 zzz
jjj
zzz
k -0.640894 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-5.93721 3.12946 zzzz
zz
2.90776
-2.79612 {
3.06887
-6.06499 3.02946
2.99612
0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
zz
RE = jjjj
z
jj 1.57407 zzz
jjj
zzz
k 1.12901 {

i -6.06499 3.02946
KTH1L = jj
-5.93721
k 2.99612
i 0.814815 yz
RE = jj
z;
k 1.57407 {
yz
z;
{
i 2.05377 yz
RI = jj
z
k 0.234513 {
i -1.23896 yz
z
k 1.33956 {

-6.06499 3.02946 yi Du2 y i -1.23896 y
zzjj
zz
jij
zz = jj
-5.93721 {k Du3 { k 1.33956 {
k 2.99612
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 80.122447, -0.16383<
1
1
Total nodal values, dH2L = : , 0.0790477, -0.0537628, >
2
3
Iteration: 3
i 0.232099 zy
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
44
1
1
dH2L = : , 0.0790477, -0.0537628, >
2
3
i -3.32016 3.10968
-3.03063
k 2.82016
i -3.06166 2.99525
-3.04902
k 2.98261
yz
z;
{
i -1.33856 yz
z;
k 1.21669 {
i -0.400741 yz
z;
k 0.399062 {
yz
z;
{
i -2.9086 3.10215 yz
z;
k 2.96237 -2.76882 {
i 1.17586 yz
z;
k -1.12175 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {

ij -3.32016
jj
jj 2.82016
H2L
KT = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
RIH2L
ij -1.33856 yz
jj
z
jj 0.815945 zzz
j
j
zzz;
= jj
jj 1.57492 zzz
jjj
zzz
k -1.12175 {
3.10968
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-5.95762 3.10215 zzzz
z
2.96237
-2.76882 {
0
-6.09229 2.99525
2.98261
0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
j
j
zzz
RE = jj
jj 1.57407 zzz
jjj
zzz
k 1.12901 {

i -6.09229 2.99525 yz
z;
KTH2L = jj
-5.95762 {
k 2.98261
i 0.814815 yz
RE = jj
z;
k 1.57407 {
i 0.815945 yz
RI = jj
z
k 1.57492 {
i -0.00112998 yz
z
k -0.000844548 {

ij -6.09229 2.99525 yzij Du2 yz ij -0.00112998 yz
zj
z
j
z=j
-5.95762 {k Du3 { k -0.000844548 {
k 2.98261
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 80.000338487, 0.000311219<
1
1
Total nodal values, dH3L = : , 0.0793862, -0.0534516, >
2
3
45
uHxL
0.5
3 Elements
0.4
Cubic
0.3
0.2
0.1
x
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
7.10
Derive equations for a typical two-node linear finite element for the BVP in Problem 7.5. Using two of
2
d u
+ u u = x3 ; 1 < x < 2
dx2

uH1L = 1 2; u H2L = 2
Weak form
@-2 wi Dx=2 + 1 Hu wi + H-u u + x3 L wi L dx = 0

2
3
1 H-u wi + u u wi L dx = 1 x wi dx - 2 wi H2L
2
The NBC term outside the integral sign will add -2 directly to the right hand side of the global equations
corresponding to the last node in the model. It is ignored during the following derivation of element
equations.
46
u1
u2
x1
x2
b
x
unknowns. Thus
x-x2
uHxL = I
x1 -x2
iu y
x- x1
j 1 zz = H N1 N2
x2 -x1 M j
k u2 {
i u1 y
L jj zz NT d
k u2 {
x-x2
x-x2
x- x1
x- x1
= -
; N2 =
=
N1 =
x -x
b
x -x
b
1

1
duHxL
= I
u HxL =
x1 -x2
dx
i u1 y
i u1 y
1
x2 -x1
k u2 {
k u2 {
1
1
N1 =
= - 1b ; N2 =
= 1b
x -x
x -x
1
3
1 H-u wi + u u wi L dx = 1 x wi dx
2
2
du
N1 + u u N1 M dx = x 2 N1 x3 dx
x1 I-
dx
1
2
du
N2 + u u N2 M dx = x 2 N2 x3 dx
x1 I-
dx
1
x2
x1
x2 N
i 1 yz 3
jjjj zz u + j
z u u zz dx = jj
z x dx
k N2 {
x1 k N2 {
k k N2 {
{
47
2
2
T
T
T
3
x1 I-B B d + N N d B d M dx = x1 N x dx
Clear@u, x, x2, b, x1D; n = 8-Hx - x2L b, Hx - x1L b<; b = D@n, xD;
Hu1 -u2 L H2 b u1 +b u2 +6L
ij -
6b
k = jjjj
Hu1 -u2 L Hb u1 +2 b u2 -6L
k -
6b
yz
zz
zz
{
b
x1 b
x1 b
x1 b
+
+
+
jij
20
4
2
2
j
j
rE = jj 4
2 2
j
b
3 x1 b3
x13 b
k 5 + 4 + x1 b +
2
4
2 2
zyz
zz
zz
z
{
ij 16 I-4 u1 + u2 - 6b M
jj
jj u
u2
1
1
k - 3 - 6 + b
u1
u2
+
+ 1b yz
6
3
zz
z
b u1 -4 b u2 +6 z
-
{
6b
48
u1
u2
1
x=1
u3
3
x=2
2
3
x =
2

NBC adds -2 to the right hand side at node 3.
Start solution.
1
dH0L = : , 2, 2>
2
Iteration: 1
1
dH0L = : , 2, 2>
2
Due to NBC at node 3, RE = 80, 0, -2<
i -2. 2.75 yz
z;
k 1.5 -0.75 {
i -3. 3. yz
z;
-1. {
k 1.
i 3.75 zy
z;
k -1.875 {
i 2.22045 10-16
-16
k 2.22045 10

KTH0L
ij -2. 2.75
j
= jjjj 1.5 -3.75
jj
1.
k0
zyz
3. zzzz;
zz
-1. {
RIH0L
ij 3.75
jj
= jjjj -1.875
jj
-16
k 2.22045 10
yz
zz;
z
{
yz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
{
i 0.409375 zy
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
i 1.175 yz
z
rE = jj
k 1.55938 {
ij 0.409375 zy
j
z
RE = jjjj 1.78125 zzzz
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {
49

i -3.75
KTH0L = jj
k 1.
3. y
zz;
-1. {
i 1.78125 yz
z;
RE = jj
k -0.440625 {
yz
i -1.875
z
RI = jjj
-16 z
k 2.22045 10 {
i 3.65625 yz
z
k -0.440625 {

ij -3.75 3. yzij Du2 yz ij 3.65625 yz
j
zj
z=j
z
-1. {k Du3 { k -0.440625 {
k 1.
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-3.1125, -2.67188<
1
Total nodal values, dH1L = : , -1.1125, -0.671875>
2
Iteration: 2
1
dH1L = : , -1.1125, -0.671875>
2
i -2.51875 1.7125 yz
z;
-2.825 {
k 2.01875
i -1.37031 1.59062 yz
z;
-2.2625 {
k 2.48281
i -3.19477 yz
z;
k 3.68859 {
i 0.668511 yz
z;
k -1.06163 {
0
ij -2.51875 1.7125
yz
j
z
-4.19531 1.59062 zzzz;
KTH1L = jjjj 2.01875
jj
zz
2.48281
-2.2625 {
k0
RIH1L
ij -3.19477 yz
j
z
= jjjj 4.3571 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -1.06163 {
ij 0.409375 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {

i -4.19531 1.59062 yz
z;
KTH1L = jj
-2.2625 {
k 2.48281
i 1.78125 yz
RE = jj
z;
k -0.440625 {
i 4.3571 yz
RI = jj
z
k -1.06163 {
i -2.57585 yz
z
k 0.621006 {
i 0.409375 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
i 1.175 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.55938 {
50

ij -4.19531 1.59062 yzij Du2 yz ij -2.57585 yz
j
zj
z=j
z
-2.2625 {k Du3 { k 0.621006 {
k 2.48281
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 80.87324, 0.683795<
1
Total nodal values, dH2L = : , -0.23926, 0.0119199>
2
Iteration: 3
1
dH2L = : , -0.23926, 0.0119199>
2
i -2.37321 2.00358
-2.24284
k 1.87321
yz
z;
{
yz
i -1.83851 1.9641
z;
-1.95218 {
k 2.07777
i -1.57225 yz
z;
k 1.47587 {
i 0.482826 yz
z;
k -0.511377 {

KTH2L
0
ij -2.37321 2.00358
yz
jj
z
j
-4.08135 1.9641 zzzz;
= jj 1.87321
jj
zz
2.07777
-1.95218 {
k0
ij -1.57225 yz
j
zz
zz;
RIH2L = jjjj 1.9587
zz
jj
z
k -0.511377 {
ij 0.409375 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {

yz
i -4.08135 1.9641
z;
KTH2L = jj
-1.95218 {
k 2.07777
i 1.78125 yz
RE = jj
z;
k -0.440625 {
yz
i 1.9587
RI = jj
z
k -0.511377 {
i -0.177449 yz
z
k 0.0707525 {

yzij Du2 yz ij -0.177449 yz
ij -4.08135 1.9641
zj
z
j
z=j
2.07777
-1.95218
{k Du3 { k 0.0707525 {
k
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 80.0533752, 0.0205661<
i 0.409375 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
i 1.175 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.55938 {
51
1
Total nodal values, dH3L = : , -0.185885, 0.032486>
2
uHxL
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1
x=1
Cubic
1.2
-0.1
-0.2
u1
2 Elements
1.4
u2
1.6
u3
4
x =
3
5
x =
3
1.8
u4
4
x=2

Start solution.
1
dH0L = : , 2, 2, 2>
2
Iteration: 1
52
1
dH0L = : , 2, 2, 2>
2
Due to NBC at node 3, RE = 80, 0, 0, -2<
15
ij -3
4
Element 1: kTH0L = jjjj
7
5
k 2 - 4
21
ij
4
27
k - 8
yz
zz;
zz
{
i -4 4 zy
z;
-2 {
k2
i0 y
k0 {
i -4 4 yz
z;
-2 {
k2
i0y
k0{
94
ij
405
rE = jjjj
499
k
1620
yz
zz;
zz
{
821
y
ji
1620 z
zz
rE = jjj
z
256 z
j
k 405 {
763
ij
y
810 z
zz
rE = jjj
z
1829 z
j
k 1620 {
KTH0L
15
ij -3
4
jj
jj 5
23
jj -
4
= jjjj 2
jj 0
2
jj
jj
0
0
k
0 yz
zz
zz
4
0 zzzz
zz;
-6 4 zzzz
zz
2
-2 {

KTH0L
23
ij -
jj 4
j
= jjj 2
jj
k0
22
ij
jj 27
jj 85
RE = jjjj
jj 54
jj 1411
k -
1620
0 yz
zz
z
-6 4 zzzz;
z
2
-2 {
4
yz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
{
21
ij
jj 4
jj 27
jj -
RIH0L = jjjj 8
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
27
ij -
jj 8
j
RI = jjj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
905
ij
jj 216
j
jj 85
H0L
H0L
R = RE - RI = jjj
jj 54
jj 1411
k -
1620
218254309
Convergence parameter = R2 H1+RE 2 L =

51440884
23
ij -
jj 4
jj
jj 2
jj
k0
905
0 yzi Du2 y jijj

216
zz jj
zzjjj
85
zzjj Du zzz = jj
-6 4 zzzjj 3 zz jj 54
z jj
zj
1411
2
-2 {k Du4 { jj -
k 1620
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
yz
zz
zz
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 , Du4 < = 8-2.20229, -2.11834, -1.68285<
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
94
ij
jj 405
jj 22
jj
jj 27
RE = jjj
85
jj
jj 54
jj
jj 1411
k -
1620
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
53
1
Total nodal values, dH1L = : , -0.202293, -0.118342, 0.317152>
2
Iteration: 2
1
dH1L = : , -0.202293, -0.118342, 0.317152>
2

Element 1:
kTH1L
i -3.36705 3.0159 yz
z;
= jj
-3.2182 {
k 2.86705
rIH1L =kHdH1L L
i -2.20025 yz
z;
= jj
k 2.09571 {
i -2.88486 2.92684 yz
z;
-3.04518 {
k 3.08715
i 0.244535 yz
z;
k -0.257994 {
i -2.86825 3.08599 yz
z;
-2.76884 {
k 2.98659
i 1.31232 yz
z;
k -1.26903 {

ij -3.36705
jj
jj 2.86705
H1L
KT = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
RIH1L
ij -2.20025 yz
jj
z
jj 2.34025 zzz
zz;
= jjjj
z
jj 1.05433 zzz
jj
zz
k -1.26903 {
3.0159
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-5.91343 3.08599 zzzz
z
2.98659
-2.76884 {
0
-6.10306 2.92684
3.08715
0
94
ij
jj 405
jj 22
jj
jj 27
RE = jjj
85
jj
jj 54
jj
jj 1411
k -
1620
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{

KTH1L
-6.10306 2.92684
0
jij
zyz
j
j
= jj 3.08715
-5.91343 3.08599 zzzz;
jj
zz
2.98659
-2.76884 {
k0
22
jij
jj 27
jj 85
RE = jjj
jj 54
jj 1411
k -
1620
zyz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
z
{
2.34025 y
jij
zz
j
j
RI = jj 1.05433 zzzz
jj
zz
k -1.26903 {
ij -1.52543 yz
j
z
RH1L = RE - RIH1L = jjjj 0.519746 zzzz
jj
zz
k 0.398044 {
94
ij
y
405 z
j
zz
j
rE = jj
z
499 z
k 1620 {
821
ij
yz
1620 z
zz
rE = jjj
256 z
j
{
k 405
763
y
ji
810 z
zz
rE = jjj
z
1829 z
j
k 1620 {
54
-6.10306 2.92684
0
-1.52543 y
Du
jij
zyzjij 2 zyz jij
zz
jj 3.08715
z
j
z
j
z
j
z
j
-5.91343 3.08599 zzjj Du3 zz = jj 0.519746 zzzz
jj
jj
zz jj
zzjj
zz
2.98659
-2.76884 {k Du4 { k 0.398044 {
k0
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 , Du4 < = 80.166663, -0.173661, -0.331076<
1
Total nodal values, dH2L = : , -0.0356299, -0.292003, -0.0139248>
2
Iteration: 3
1
dH2L = : , -0.0356299, -0.292003, -0.0139248>
2

Element 1:
kTH2L
i -3.33927 3.07146
= jj
-3.10709
k 2.83927
yz
z;
{
rIH2L =kHdH2L L
i -1.69298 yz
= jj
z;
k 1.56862 {
i -3.02491 2.89673 yz
z;
-3.18873 {
k 3.06054
i -0.753598 yz
z;
k 0.795596 {
i -2.80765 2.94669 yz
z;
-2.96062 {
k 3.09966
i 0.806523 yz
z;
k -0.849059 {

ij -3.33927
jj
jj 2.83927
H2L
KT = jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
RIH2L
ij -1.69298 yz
jj
z
jj 0.815017 zzz
zz;
= jjjj
z
jj 1.60212 zzz
jj
zzz
k -0.849059 {
3.07146
-6.132
3.06054
0
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-5.99638 2.94669 zzzz
zz
3.09966
-2.96062 {
0
2.89673
94
ij
jj 405
jj 22
jj
jj 27
RE = jjj
85
jj
jj 54
jj
jj 1411
k -
1620
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
94
ij
y
405 z
j
zz
j
rE = jj
z
499 z
k 1620 {
821
ij
yz
1620 z
zz
rE = jjjj
256 z
k
405 {
763
y
ji
810 z
zz
rE = jjj
z
1829 z
j
k 1620 {
55

KTH2L
-6.132
jij
j
j
= jj 3.06054
jj
k0
22
jij
jj 27
jj 85
RE = jjj
jj 54
jj 1411
k -
1620
zyz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
z
{
zyz
-5.99638 2.94669 zzzz;
zz
3.09966
-2.96062 {
2.89673
0.815017 y
jij
zz
j
j
RI = jj 1.60212 zzzz
jj
zz
k -0.849059 {
ij -0.000202553 yz
j
z
RH2L = RE - RIH2L = jjjj -0.0280455 zzzz
jj
zz
k -0.0219283 {

-6.132
jij
jj 3.06054
jj
jj
k0
-0.000202553 y
Du
zyzjij 2 zyz jij
zz
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
-5.99638 2.94669 zzjj Du3 zz = jj -0.0280455 zzzz
zz jj
zzjj
zz
3.09966
-2.96062 {k Du4 { k -0.0219283 {
2.89673
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 , Du4 < = 80.0161409, 0.0340983, 0.0431064<
1
Total nodal values, dH3L = : , -0.019489, -0.257905, 0.0291816>
2
uHxL
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
3 Elements
Cubic
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
7.11
2
d u
+ u u = l x3 ; 1 < x < 2
dx2
56
uH1L = 1 2; uH2L = 1 3
and l as a load parameter. Using three linear finite elements, and the modified Rik's method, obtain an
approximate solution of the problem with maximum load parameter l = 1.
Weak form
3
1 Hu wi + H-u u + l x L wi L dx = 0
2
3
1 H-u wi + u u wi L dx = l 1 x wi dx
2
u1
u2
x1
x2
b
x
unknowns. Thus
x-x2
uHxL = I
x1 -x2
iu y
x- x1
j 1 zz = H N1 N2
x2 -x1 M j
k u2 {
i u1 y
L jj zz NT d
k u2 {
x-x2
x-x2
x- x1
x- x1
N1 =
= -
; N2 =
=
x -x
b
x -x
b
1

1
duHxL
= I
u HxL =
x1 -x2
dx
i u1 y
1
M jj zz = H N1 N2
x2 -x1
k u2 {
1
1
= - 1b ; N2 =
= 1b
N1 =
x -x
x -x
1
i u1 y
L jj zz BT d
k u2 {
57
2
2

3
x1 H-u wi + u u L wi dx = l x1 x wi dx
2
du
N1 + u u N1 M dx = l x 2 x3 N1 dx
x1 I -
dx
1
2
du
N1 + u u N2 M dx = l x 2 x3 N2 dx
x1 I -
dx
1
x2
x1
x2 N
i 1 yz 3
jjjj zz u + j
z u u zz dx = l jj
z x dx
N
N
k 2{
x1 k N2 {
k k 2{
{
2
2
T
T
T
3
x1 I-B B d + NIN d B d M dx = l x1 Nx dx
StringForm@"\t k = ``\n\t rE = l ``", MatrixForm@Simplify@ADD, MatrixForm@rDD
Hu1 -u2 L H2 b u1 +b u2 +6L
ji -
6b
k = jjj
Hu1 -u2 L Hb u1 +2 b u2 -6L
j -
k
6b
zyz
zz
z
{
x1 b
x1 b
x1 b
ij b +
+
+
j 20
4
2
2
rE = l jjjj 4
3
2 2
j
b
3 x1 b
x13 b
k 5 + 4 + x1 b +
2
4
2 2
yz
zz
zz
zz
{
ij 16 I-4 u1 + u2 - 6b M
jj
jj u
u2
1
1
k - 3 - 6 + b
u1
u2
+
+ 1b yz
6
3
zz
z
b u1 -4 b u2 +6 z
-
{
6b
58
u1
1
x=1
u2
u3
4
x =
3
5
x =
3
u4
4
x=2
From the essential boundary conditions u1 = 1 2 and u4 = 1 3.
Starting values:
1
1
d = : , 2, 2, >
2
3
l = 0.1;
Maximum l = 1
Set d l H0L = 80, 0<
*********************************************
Iteration: 1
Current load parameter = 0.1
*********************************************
1
1
Nodal values, dH0L = : , 2, 2, >
2
3
RE = 80, 0, 0, 0<
i -3. 3.75
k 2.5 -1.75
i -4. 4. zy
z;
-2. {
k 2.
yz
z;
{
i 5.25 yz
rIH0L = jj
z;
k -3.375 {
i 2.22045 10-16 yz
zz;
rIH0L = jjjj
-16 z
k -2.22045 10 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 zy
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
59
i -4.27778 3.44444
-3.11111
k 2.27778
i -6.2037 yz
rIH0L = jj
z;
k 4.25926 {
yz
z;
{
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {

KTH0L
RIH0L
ij -3.
jj
jj 2.5
= jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
5.25
jij
zy
jj -3.375 zzz
jj
zz
zz;
= jjj
jj -6.2037 zzz
jj
zz
k 4.25926 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-6.27778 3.44444 zzzz
z
2.27778
-3.11111 {
3.75
-5.75
4.
2.
0
0.232099 y
jij
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
jj
zz
zz
RE = jjj
jj 1.57407 zzz
jj
zz
k 1.12901 {

i -5.75 4.
yz
z;
KTH0L = jj
-6.27778 {
k 2.
i 0.814815 yz
z;
RE = jj
k 1.57407 {
i -3.375 zy
RIH0L = jj
z;
k -6.2037 {
i 0.0814815 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k 0.157407 {
Convergence parameter = R2 H1+lRE 2 L = 50.8146
i 3.45648 yz
R = lRE - RIH0L = jj
z
k 6.36111 {
-1
a =@K H0L
T D R = 8-1.67787, -1.54782<;
Solutions of equations
-1
b =@K H0L
T D RE = 8-0.406144, -0.380129<
"###########
Set s = l bT b = 0.0556283
Dl = 0
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-1.67787, -1.54782<
Solution increment
Update
New l = Prev l + Dl = 0.1
d l H1L = d l H0L + Dd = 8-1.67787, -1.54782<
1
1
New nodal values, dH1L = dH0L + Dd = : , 0.322131, 0.452183, >
2
3
*********************************************
Iteration: 2
60
*********************************************
1
1
Nodal values, dH1L = : , 0.322131, 0.452183, >
2
3
RE = 80, 0, 0, 0<
i -3.27964 3.19071 yz
z;
-2.86858 {
k 2.77964
i -0.572802 yz
rIH1L = jj
z;
k 0.499686 {
i -3.13939 3.20442 yz
z;
-2.75223 {
k 2.81726
i -3.2459 3.18647
k 2.79372 -2.85314
i 0.413924 zy
rIH1L = jj
z;
k -0.363573 {
yz
z;
{
i -0.381066 yz
rIH1L = jj
z;
k 0.334387 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 zy
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {

-3.27964
jij
jj 2.77964
j
KTH1L = jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
RIH1L
ij -0.572802 yz
jj
z
jj 0.91361 zzz
zz;
= jjjj
zz
jjj -0.744639 zzz
jj
zz
k 0.334387 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz;
-5.99813 3.18647 zzzz
zz
2.79372
-2.85314 {
3.19071
-6.00797 3.20442
2.81726
0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
zz
RE = jjjj
zz
jjj 1.57407 zzz
jj
zz
k 1.12901 {

i -6.00797 3.20442
KTH1L = jj
-5.99813
k 2.81726
i 0.814815 zy
RE = jj
z;
k 1.57407 {
yz
z;
{
i 0.91361 yz
RIH1L = jj
z;
k -0.744639 {
i 0.0814815 zy
lRE = jj
z;
k 0.157407 {

-1
a =@K H1L
T D R = 80.0777774, -0.113857<;
-1
b =@K H1L
T D RE = 8-0.367706, -0.435135<
d H1L
l = 8-1.67787, -1.54782<
s = 0.0556283
T
2
H1L
a1 = Hd H1L
l +aL Hd l +aL- s = 5.31836;
T
a2 = 2Hd H1L
l +aL b = 2.62283;
a3 = bT b = 0.324551
i -0.832129 zy
z
k 0.902047 {
61
a4 = a22 -4a3 a1 = -0.0250517

a4 is negative. No real roots. Reduce load, set Dl = -0.05
Acceptable Dl = -0.05
Dl = -0.05
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 < = 80.0961627, -0.0920999<
Solution increment
Update
d l H2L = d l H1L + Dd = 8-1.58171, -1.63992<
1
1
2
3
*********************************************
Iteration: 3
*********************************************
1
1
Nodal values, dH2L = : , 0.418293, 0.360083, >
2
3
RE = 80, 0, 0, 0<
i -3.26362 3.22276
-2.80447
k 2.76362
yz
z;
{
i -3.21885 3.18974 yz
z;
-2.82966 {
k 2.80055
i -3.1845 3.17112
k 2.82442 -2.83779
yz
z;
{
i -0.264434 yz
rIH2L = jj
z;
k 0.226918 {
i -0.18624 yz
rIH2L = jj
z;
k 0.163585 {
i -0.0849468 yz
rIH2L = jj
z;
k 0.0756723 {

ij -3.26362
jj
jj 2.76362
H2L
KT = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
RIH2L
-0.264434 y
jij
z
jj 0.0406784 zzz
jj
zz
zz;
= jjj
jj 0.0786386 zzz
jj
zz
k 0.0756723 {
3.22276
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-6.01416 3.17112 zzzz
z
2.82442
-2.83779 {
0
-6.02332 3.18974
2.80055
0
0.232099 y
jij
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
jj
zz
zz
RE = jjj
jj 1.57407 zzz
jj
zz
k 1.12901 {
0
0
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
62

i -6.02332 3.18974 yz
z;
KTH2L = jj
-6.01416 {
k 2.80055
i 0.814815 yz
z;
RE = jj
k 1.57407 {
i 0.0406784 yz
RIH2L = jj
z;
k 0.0786386 {
i 0.0407407 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k 0.0787037 {
Convergence parameter = R2 H1+lRE 2 L = 8.06592 10-9
i 0.0000623641 yz
z
k 0.0000651152 {
Solution converged with load step, l = 0.05
1
1
Nodal values, d = : , 0.418293, 0.360083, >
2
3
Set d l H3L = 80, 0<
Set s = Prev s 53 = 0.0927138

*********************************************
Iteration: 4
*********************************************
1
1
Nodal values, dH3L = : , 0.418293, 0.360083, >
2
3
RE = 80, 0, 0, 0<
i -3.26362 3.22276 yz
z;
-2.80447 {
k 2.76362
i -0.264434 zy
rIH3L = jj
z;
k 0.226918 {
i -3.1845 3.17112 yz
z;
k 2.82442 -2.83779 {
i -0.0849468 yz
rIH3L = jj
z;
k 0.0756723 {
i -3.21885 3.18974
-2.82966
k 2.80055
yz
z;
{
i -0.18624 yz
rIH3L = jj
z;
k 0.163585 {

KTH3L
RIH3L
ij -3.26362
jj
jj 2.76362
= jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij -0.264434 yz
jj
z
jj 0.0406784 zzz
j
j
zzz;
= jj
jj 0.0786386 zzz
jj
zz
k 0.0756723 {
3.22276
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-6.01416 3.17112 zzzz
zz
2.82442
-2.83779 {
0
-6.02332 3.18974
2.80055
0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
j
j
zzz
RE = jj
jj 1.57407 zzz
jj
zz
k 1.12901 {
i 0.232099 zy
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
63

i -6.02332 3.18974 yz
z;
KTH3L = jj
-6.01416 {
k 2.80055
i 0.814815 yz
z;
RE = jj
k 1.57407 {
i 0.0406784 yz
RIH3L = jj
z;
k 0.0786386 {
i 0.0814815 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k 0.157407 {
i 0.0408031 yz
z
k 0.0787688 {
1
1
Nodal values, d = : , 0.418293, 0.360083, >
2
3
Set d l H4L = 80, 0<
Set s = Prev s 51 = 0.463569

*********************************************
Iteration: 5
*********************************************
1
1
Nodal values, dH4L = : , 0.418293, 0.360083, >
2
3
RE = 80, 0, 0, 0<
i -3.26362 3.22276 yz
z;
-2.80447 {
k 2.76362
i -0.264434 zy
rIH4L = jj
z;
k 0.226918 {
i -3.1845 3.17112 yz
z;
k 2.82442 -2.83779 {
i -0.0849468 yz
rIH4L = jj
z;
k 0.0756723 {
i -3.21885 3.18974
-2.82966
k 2.80055
yz
z;
{
i -0.18624 yz
rIH4L = jj
z;
k 0.163585 {

KTH4L
RIH4L
ij -3.26362
jj
jj 2.76362
= jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij -0.264434 yz
jj
z
jj 0.0406784 zzz
j
j
zzz;
= jj
jj 0.0786386 zzz
jj
zz
k 0.0756723 {
3.22276
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-6.01416 3.17112 zzzz
zz
2.82442
-2.83779 {
0
-6.02332 3.18974
2.80055
0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
j
j
zzz
RE = jj
jj 1.57407 zzz
jj
zz
k 1.12901 {
i 0.232099 zy
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
64

i -6.02332 3.18974 yz
z;
KTH4L = jj
-6.01416 {
k 2.80055
i 0.814815 yz
z;
RE = jj
k 1.57407 {
i 0.0406784 yz
RIH4L = jj
z;
k 0.0786386 {
i 0.162963 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k 0.314815 {
i 0.122285 yz
z
k 0.236176 {
-1
a =@K H4L
T D R = 8-0.0545498, -0.0646717<;
-1
b =@K H4L
T D RE = 8-0.363523, -0.431006<
d H4L
l = 80, 0<
s = 0.463569
H4L
T
2
a1 = Hd H4L
l +aL Hd l +aL- s = -0.207738;
T
a2 = 2Hd H4L
l +aL b = 0.0954079;
a3 = bT b = 0.317915
a4 = a22 -4a3 a1 = 0.273275

Two solutions of the quadratic equation, Dl = 0.672112 and -0.972218
c1 = 0.;
c2 = 0.
Linear solution = -a1 a2 = 2.17737
Acceptable Dl = 0.672112
Dl = 0.672112
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.298878, -0.354356<
Solution increment
Update
New l = Prev l + Dl = 0.872112
d l H5L = d l H4L + Dd = 8-0.298878, -0.354356<
1
1
2
3
*********************************************
Iteration: 6
*********************************************
65
1
1
Nodal values, dH5L = : , 0.119415, 0.00572706, >
2
3
RE = 80, 0, 0, 0<
i -3.31343 3.12314
-3.00372
k 2.81343
yz
z;
{
i -1.21276 yz
rIH5L = jj
z;
k 1.09489 {
i -2.94826 3.11207
-2.77873
k 2.94254
yz
z;
{
i 1.00164 yz
rIH5L = jj
z;
k -0.946105 {
i -3.07866 3.02181 yz
z;
-3.01608 {
k 2.95924
i -0.345699 yz
rIH5L = jj
z;
k 0.338586 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {

KTH5L
RIH5L
ij -3.31343
jj
jj 2.81343
= jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
-1.21276 y
jij
z
jj 0.74919 zzz
jj
zz
zz;
= jjj
jj 1.34023 zzz
jjj
zzz
k -0.946105 {
3.12314
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-5.96435 3.11207 zzzz
zz
2.94254
-2.77873 {
0
-6.08238 3.02181
2.95924
0
0.232099 y
jij
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
jj
zz
zz
RE = jjj
jj 1.57407 zzz
jjj
zzz
k 1.12901 {

i -6.08238 3.02181 yz
z;
KTH5L = jj
-5.96435 {
k 2.95924
i 0.814815 yz
RE = jj
z;
k 1.57407 {
i 0.74919 zy
RIH5L = jj
z;
k 1.34023 {
i 0.71061 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k 1.37277 {

1
1
Nodal values, d = : , 0.119415, 0.00572706, >
2
3
Set d l H6L = 80, 0<
Set s = Prev s 52 = 1.15892

*********************************************
Iteration: 7
Current load parameter = 1
*********************************************
i -0.0385796 yz
z
k 0.0325395 {
66
1
1
Nodal values, dH6L = : , 0.119415, 0.00572706, >
2
3
RE = 80, 0, 0, 0<
i -3.31343 3.12314
-3.00372
k 2.81343
yz
z;
{
i -1.21276 yz
rIH6L = jj
z;
k 1.09489 {
i -2.94826 3.11207
-2.77873
k 2.94254
yz
z;
{
i 1.00164 yz
rIH6L = jj
z;
k -0.946105 {
i -3.07866 3.02181 yz
z;
-3.01608 {
k 2.95924
i -0.345699 yz
rIH6L = jj
z;
k 0.338586 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {

KTH6L
RIH6L
ij -3.31343
jj
jj 2.81343
= jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
-1.21276 y
jij
z
jj 0.74919 zzz
jj
zz
zz;
= jjj
jj 1.34023 zzz
jjj
zzz
k -0.946105 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-5.96435 3.11207 zzzz
zz
2.94254
-2.77873 {
3.12314
-6.08238 3.02181
2.95924
0
0.232099 y
jij
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
jj
zz
zz
RE = jjj
jj 1.57407 zzz
jjj
zzz
k 1.12901 {

i -6.08238 3.02181 yz
z;
KTH6L = jj
-5.96435 {
k 2.95924
i 0.814815 yz
RE = jj
z;
k 1.57407 {
i 0.74919 zy
RIH6L = jj
z;
k 1.34023 {
i 0.814815 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k 1.57407 {

-1
a =@K H6L
T D R = 8-0.0401696, -0.0591373<;
-1
b =@K H6L
T D RE = 8-0.351796, -0.438459<
d H6L
l = 80, 0<
s = 1.15892
T
2
H6L
a1 = Hd H6L
l +aL Hd l +aL- s = -1.33799;
T
a2 = 2Hd H6L
l +aL b = 0.0801216;
a4 = a22 -4a3 a1 = 1.69768
a3 = bT b = 0.316007
i 0.065625 yz
z
k 0.233844 {
67

c1 = 0.;
c2 = 0.
With this Dl, the load parameter exceeds its maximum. Set Dl to = 0
Dl = 0
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.0401696, -0.0591373<
Solution increment
Update
New l = Prev l + Dl = 1
d l H7L = d l H6L + Dd = 8-0.0401696, -0.0591373<
1
1
New nodal values, dH7L = dH6L + Dd = : , 0.0792459, -0.0534103, >
2
3
*********************************************
Iteration: 8
*********************************************
1
1
Nodal values, dH7L = : , 0.0792459, -0.0534103, >
2
3
RE = 80, 0, 0, 0<
i -3.32013 3.10975 yz
z;
-3.0305 {
k 2.82013
i -1.33795 yz
rIH7L = jj
z;
k 1.21609 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i -2.90884 3.10221 yz
z;
-2.76888 {
k 2.96225
i 1.17483 yz
rIH7L = jj
z;
k -1.1207 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
i -3.06173 2.9954
-3.04881
k 2.98249
yz
z;
{
i -0.400292 yz
rIH7L = jj
z;
k 0.398578 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
68

KTH7L
RIH7L
ij -3.32013
jj
jj 2.82013
= jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij -1.33795 yz
jj
z
jj 0.815794 zzz
j
j
zzz;
= jj
jj 1.57341 zzz
jj
zz
k -1.1207 {
3.10975
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-5.95765 3.10221 zzzz
z
2.96225
-2.76888 {
0
-6.09224 2.9954
2.98249
0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
j
j
zzz
RE = jj
jj 1.57407 zzz
jj
zz
k 1.12901 {

yz
i -6.09224 2.9954
z;
KTH7L = jj
-5.95765 {
k 2.98249
i 0.814815 yz
RE = jj
z;
k 1.57407 {
i 0.815794 yz
RIH7L = jj
z;
k 1.57341 {
i 0.814815 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k 1.57407 {
i -0.000978791 yz
z
k 0.000664854 {
Solution converged with load step, l = 1
1
1
Nodal values, d = : , 0.0792459, -0.0534103, >
2
3
uHxL
0.5
3 Elements
0.4
Cubic
0.3
0.2
0.1
x
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
7.12
2
d u
+ l x3 = u u ; 1 < x < 2
dx2
69
uH1L = 1 2; u H2L = -2 l
and l as a load parameter. Using two linear finite elements, and the modified Rik's method, obtain an
approximate solution of the problem with maximum load parameter l = 1.
Weak form
3
1 Hu - u u + l x L wi dx = 0
2
@u wi Dx=2 - @u wi Dx=1 + 1 H-u wi + H-u u + l x3 L wi L dx = 0

2
@u wi Dx=2 + 1 H-u wi + H-u u + l x3 L wi L dx = 0

2
NBC at x = 2 u H2L = -2 l
@-2 l wi Dx=2 + 1 H-u wi + H-u u + l x3 L wi L dx = 0

2
3
1 Hu wi + u u L wi dx = 1 l x wi dx - 2 l wi H2L
2
The NBC term outside the integral sign will add -2 l directly to the right hand side of the global equations
corresponding to the last node in the model. It is ignored during the following derivation of element
equations.
u1
u2
x1
x2
b
x
70
unknowns. Thus
x-x2
uHxL = I
x1 -x2
iu y
iu y
x- x1
j 1 zz = H N1 N2 L jj 1 zz NT d
x2 -x1 M j
u
k 2{
k u2 {
x-x2
x-x2
x- x1
x- x1
= -
; N2 =
=
N1 =
x -x
b
x -x
b
1

1
duHxL
= I
u HxL =
x1 -x2
dx
i u1 y
1
M jj zz = H N1 N2
x2 -x1
k u2 {
i u1 y
L jj zz BT d
k u2 {
1
1
N1 =
= - 1b ; N2 =
= 1b
x -x
x -x
1
2
2

3
x1 Hu wi + u u L wi dx = l x1 x wi dx
2
du
N1 + u u M N1 dx = l x 2 x3 N1 dx
x1 I
dx
1
2
du
N2 + u u M N2 dx = l x 2 x3 N2 dx
x1 I
dx
1
x2
x1
x2 N
ijji N1 yz ij N1 yz yz
i 1 yz 3
jjjj zz u + j
z u u zz dx = l jj
z x dx
N
N
k 2{
x1 k N2 {
kk 2 {
{
2
2
T
T
T
3
x1 B B d + NIN d B d M dx = l x1 N x dx
d = 8u1 , u2 <; A = Integrate@Hb * Hb.dL + n * Hn.dL * Hb.dLL . Hx2 x1 + bL, 8x, x1, x1 + b<D;
StringForm@"\t k = ``\n\t rE = l ``", MatrixForm@Simplify@ADD, MatrixForm@rDD
71
Hu1 -u2 L H2 b u1 +b u2 -6L

ij -
6b
k = jjjj
Hu1 -u2 L Hb u1 +2 b u2 +6L
k -
6b
yz
zz
zz
{
b
x1 b
x1 b
x1 b
+
+
+
jij
20
4
2
2
j
j
rE = l jj 4
3
2 2
j
b
3 x1 b
x13 b
k 5 + 4 + x1 b +
2
4
2 2
zyz
zz
zz
z
{
2 u1
u2
ij -
3 +
+ 1b
6
jj
jj 2 b u +b u +6
1
2
k -
6b
u1
1
x=0
61 Iu1 + 2 u2 - 6b M yz
zz
z
u1
2 u2
-
6 +
3 + 1b z{
u2
2
x=1
Starting values:
1
d = : , 2, 2>
2
l = 0.1;
Set d l H0L = 80, 0<
u3
3
x=2
Maximum l = 1
72
*********************************************
Iteration: 1
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH0L = : , 2, 2>
2
RE = 80, 0, -2<
i 2.
k -2.5
i -2.25
rIH0L = jj
k 4.125
-1.25 y
zz;
{
3.25
i 2.22045 10-16 yz
zz;
rIH0L = jjjj
-16 z
k -2.22045 10 {
-1. yz
i 1.
z;
-3.
3.
k
{

KTH0L
-1.25
ij 2.
j
= jjjj -2.5 4.25
jj
-3.
k0
yz
z
-1. zzzz;
zz
3. {
0
i 4.25 -1. yz
z;
KTH0L = jj
k -3. 3. {
i 1.78125 zy
z;
RE = jj
k -0.440625 {
yz
z;
{
RIH0L

-1
a =@K H0L
T D R = 8-1.21894, -1.23363<;
-1
b =@K H0L
T D RE = 80.502885, 0.35601<
"###########
Set s = l bT b = 0.0616146
Dl = 0
Solution increment
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-1.21894, -1.23363<
d l H1L = d l H0L + Dd = 8-1.21894, -1.23363<
i 1.175 yz
z
rE = jj
k 1.55938 {
ij -2.25
yz
jj
zz
zz;
= jjjj 4.125
zz
jj
z
-16 z
k -2.22045 10 {
i 4.125
yz
z;
RIH0L = jjj
-16 z
k -2.22045 10 {
i 0.178125 zy
lRE = jj
z;
k -0.0440625 {
Update
i 0.409375 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
ij 0.409375 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {
i -3.94688 zy
z
k -0.0440625 {
73
1
New nodal values, dH1L = dH0L + Dd = : , 0.781058, 0.76637>
2
*********************************************
Iteration: 2
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH1L = : , 0.781058, 0.76637>
2
RE = 80, 0, -2<
-1.65631 y
i 1.79684
zz;
k -2.29684 2.43737 {
-1.61437 y
i 1.60702
zz;
k -2.38808 2.38074 {
i -0.478685 yz
rIH1L = jj
z;
k 0.658711 {
i 0.0236751 zy
rIH1L = jj
z;
k -0.035039 {
i 0.409375 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
i 1.175 zy
rE = jj
z
k 1.55938 {

KTH1L
1.79684
-1.65631 0
jij
zyz
j
j
= jj -2.29684 4.0444
-1.61437 zzzz;
jj
zz
-2.38808 2.38074 {
k0
ij -0.478685 yz
j
z
RIH1L = jjjj 0.682386 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.035039 {
ij 0.409375 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {

-1.61437 y
i 4.0444
zz;
KTH1L = jj
k -2.38808 2.38074 {
i 1.78125 yz
z;
RE = jj
k -0.440625 {
i 0.682386 zy
RIH1L = jj
z;
k -0.035039 {
i 0.178125 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k -0.0440625 {

-1
a =@K H1L
T D R = 8-0.210462, -0.214901<;
-1
b =@K H1L
T D RE = 80.611313, 0.42812<
d H1L
l = 8-1.21894, -1.23363<
s = 0.0616146
H1L
T
2
a1 = Hd H1L
l +aL Hd l +aL- s = 4.13764;
T
a2 = 2Hd H1L
l +aL b = -2.98792;
a3 = bT b = 0.55699
i -0.504261 yz
z
k -0.00902352 {
74
a4 = a22 -4a3 a1 = -0.290861

Dl = -0.025
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.225745, -0.225604<
Solution increment
Update
d l H2L = d l H1L + Dd = 8-1.44469, -1.45923<
1
2
*********************************************
Iteration: 3
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH2L = : , 0.555313, 0.540766>
2
RE = 80, 0, -2<
-1.73156 y
i 1.75922
zz;
k -2.25922 2.28688 {
-1.72719 y
i 1.71992
zz;
k -2.27523 2.26796 {
i -0.0962881 yz
rIH2L = jj
z;
k 0.125474 {
i 0.0250903 zy
rIH2L = jj
z;
k -0.0330627 {

KTH2L
1.75922
-1.73156 0
jij
zyz
j
j
= jj -2.25922 4.00679
-1.72719 zzzz;
jj
zz
-2.27523 2.26796 {
k0
ij -0.0962881 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.0330627 {
ij 0.409375 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {
i 0.409375 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
i 1.175 zy
rE = jj
z
k 1.55938 {
75

-1.72719 y
i 4.00679
zz;
KTH2L = jj
k -2.27523 2.26796 {
i 1.78125 yz
z;
RE = jj
k -0.440625 {
i 0.150565 yz
RIH2L = jj
z;
k -0.0330627 {
i 0.133594 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k -0.0330469 {
yz
i -0.016971
z
0.0000158427
{
k

1
Nodal values, d = : , 0.555313, 0.540766>
2
Set d l H3L = 80, 0<
Set s = Prev s 53 = 0.102691

*********************************************
Iteration: 4
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH3L = : , 0.555313, 0.540766>
2
RE = 80, 0, -2<
-1.73156 y
i 1.75922
zz;
k -2.25922 2.28688 {
-1.72719 y
i 1.71992
zz;
k -2.27523 2.26796 {
i -0.0962881 zy
rIH3L = jj
z;
k 0.125474 {
i 0.0250903 yz
rIH3L = jj
z;
k -0.0330627 {
-1.73156 0
ij 1.75922
yz
j
z
KTH3L = jjjj -2.25922 4.00679
-1.72719 zzzz;
jj
zz
-2.27523 2.26796 {
k0
RIH3L
ij -0.0962881 yz
j
z
= jjjj 0.150565 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.0330627 {
ij 0.409375 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {
i 0.409375 zy
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
i 1.175 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.55938 {
76

-1.72719 y
i 4.00679
zz;
KTH3L = jj
k -2.27523 2.26796 {
i 1.78125 yz
z;
RE = jj
k -0.440625 {
i 0.150565 yz
RIH3L = jj
z;
k -0.0330627 {
i 0.267188 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k -0.0660938 {
i 0.116623 yz
z
k -0.033031 {
-1
a =@K H3L
T D R = 80.0402221, 0.0257869<;
-1
b =@K H3L
T D RE = 80.635729, 0.443485<
d H3L
l = 80, 0<
s = 0.102691
H3L
T
2
a1 = Hd H3L
l +aL Hd l +aL- s = -0.00826266;
T
a2 = 2Hd H3L
l +aL b = 0.0740128;
a3 = bT b = 0.600829
a4 = a22 -4a3 a1 = 0.0253357

c1 = 0.;
c2 = 0.
Dl = 0.0708679
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 < = 80.0852749, 0.0572157<
Solution increment
Update
New l = Prev l + Dl = 0.220868
d l H4L = d l H3L + Dd = 80.0852749, 0.0572157<
1
2
*********************************************
Iteration: 5
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH4L = : , 0.640588, 0.597982>
2
77
RE = 80, 0, -2<
-1.70314 y
i 1.77343
zz;
k -2.27343 2.34373 {
i -0.242735 yz
rIH4L = jj
z;
k 0.322911 {
-1.69391 y
i 1.6726
zz;
k -2.31319 2.29189 {
i 0.0718685 yz
rIH4L = jj
z;
k -0.0982539 {
i 0.409375 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
i 1.175 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.55938 {

KTH4L
-1.70314 0
ij 1.77343
yz
jj
z
j
= jj -2.27343 4.01633
-1.69391 zzzz;
jj
zz
-2.31319 2.29189 {
k0
ij -0.242735 yz
j
zz
zz;
RIH4L = jjjj 0.39478
zz
jj
z
k -0.0982539 {
ij 0.409375 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {

-1.69391 y
i 4.01633
zz;
KTH4L = jj
k -2.31319 2.29189 {
i 1.78125 yz
z;
RE = jj
k -0.440625 {
i 0.39478
yz
RIH4L = jj
z;
k -0.0982539 {
i 0.393421 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k -0.0973199 {
i -0.00135878 yz
z
k 0.000933931 {

1
Nodal values, d = : , 0.640588, 0.597982>
2
Set d l H5L = 80, 0<
Set s = Prev s 52 = 0.256727

*********************************************
Iteration: 6
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH5L = : , 0.640588, 0.597982>
2
RE = 80, 0, -2<
-1.70314 y
i 1.77343
zz;
-2.27343
2.34373
k
{
i -0.242735 yz
rIH5L = jj
z;
k 0.322911 {
i 0.409375 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
78
-1.69391 yz
i 1.6726
z;
k -2.31319 2.29189 {
i 0.0718685 yz
rIH5L = jj
z;
k -0.0982539 {
i 1.175 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.55938 {
-1.70314 0
ij 1.77343
yz
j
z
-1.69391 zzzz;
KTH5L = jjjj -2.27343 4.01633
jj
zz
-2.31319 2.29189 {
k0
RIH5L
ij -0.242735 yz
j
zz
zz;
= jjjj 0.39478
zz
jj
z
k -0.0982539 {
ij 0.409375 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {

-1.69391 y
i 4.01633
zz;
KTH5L = jj
-2.31319
2.29189
{
k
i 1.78125 zy
RE = jj
z;
k -0.440625 {
yz
i 0.39478
RIH5L = jj
z;
-0.0982539
{
k
i 0.786842 zy
lRE = jj
z;
k -0.19464 {
i 0.392062 zy
z
k -0.096386 {
-1
a =@K H5L
T D R = 80.139085, 0.0983227<;
-1
b =@K H5L
T D RE = 80.631033, 0.444644<
d H5L
l = 80, 0<
s = 0.256727
T
2
H5L
a1 = Hd H5L
l +aL Hd l +aL- s = -0.036897;
T
a2 = 2Hd H5L
l +aL b = 0.262972;
a3 = bT b = 0.595911
a4 = a22 -4a3 a1 = 0.157103

c1 = 0.;
c2 = 0.
Dl = 0.111922
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 < = 80.209711, 0.148088<
Solution increment
79
Update
New l = Prev l + Dl = 0.553658
d l H6L = d l H5L + Dd = 80.209711, 0.148088<
1
2
*********************************************
Iteration: 7
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH6L = : , 0.850299, 0.74607>
2
RE = 80, 0, -2<
-1.63323 yz
i 1.80838
z;
k -2.30838 2.48353 {
i -0.592572 yz
rIH6L = jj
z;
k 0.829077 {
-1.60959 y
i 1.55748
zz;
k -2.40778 2.35566 {
i 0.165957 zy
rIH6L = jj
z;
k -0.249151 {
i 0.409375 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
i 1.175 zy
rE = jj
z
k 1.55938 {

KTH6L
1.80838
-1.63323 0
jij
zyz
j
j
= jj -2.30838 4.04101
-1.60959 zzzz;
jj
zz
-2.40778 2.35566 {
k0
ij -0.592572 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.249151 {
ij 0.409375 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {

-1.60959 yz
i 4.04101
z;
KTH6L = jj
k -2.40778 2.35566 {
i 1.78125 yz
z;
RE = jj
k -0.440625 {
i 0.995034 zy
RIH6L = jj
z;
k -0.249151 {
i 0.986203 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k -0.243955 {

1
Nodal values, d = : , 0.850299, 0.74607>
2
Set d l H7L = 80, 0<
i -0.00883098 yz
z
k 0.00519575 {
80
Set s = Prev s 52 = 0.641819

*********************************************
Iteration: 8
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH7L = : , 0.850299, 0.74607>
2
RE = 80, 0, -2<
-1.63323 y
i 1.80838
zz;
k -2.30838 2.48353 {
-1.60959 y
i 1.55748
zz;
k -2.40778 2.35566 {
i -0.592572 yz
rIH7L = jj
z;
k 0.829077 {
i 0.165957 yz
rIH7L = jj
z;
k -0.249151 {
i 0.409375 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
i 1.175 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.55938 {

KTH7L
-1.63323 0
ij 1.80838
yz
jj
z
j
= jj -2.30838 4.04101
-1.60959 zzzz;
jj
zz
-2.40778 2.35566 {
k0
ij -0.592572 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.249151 {
ij 0.409375 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {

-1.60959 y
i 4.04101
zz;
KTH7L = jj
k -2.40778 2.35566 {
i 1.78125 zy
RE = jj
z;
k -0.440625 {
i 0.995034 yz
RIH7L = jj
z;
k -0.249151 {
i 1.78125 zy
lRE = jj
z;
k -0.440625 {

-1
a =@K H7L
T D R = 80.273555, 0.198324<;
-1
b =@K H7L
T D RE = 80.617819, 0.444438<
d H7L
l = 80, 0<
s = 0.641819
H7L
T
2
a1 = Hd H7L
l +aL Hd l +aL- s = -0.297767;
T
a2 = 2Hd H7L
l +aL b = 0.5143;
a3 = bT b = 0.579226
i 0.786216 zy
z
k -0.191474 {
81
a4 = a22 -4a3 a1 = 0.954401

c1 = 0.;
c2 = 0.
Dl = 0
Solution increment
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 < = 80.273555, 0.198324<
Update
d l H8L = d l H7L + Dd = 80.273555, 0.198324<
1
2
*********************************************
Iteration: 9
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH8L = : , 1.12385, 0.944394>
2
RE = 80, 0, -2<
-1.54205 y
i 1.85398
zz;
{
k -2.35398 2.6659
-1.49789 y
i 1.40816
zz;
k -2.53202 2.44229 {
i -1.02688 yz
rIH8L = jj
z;
k 1.5334 {
i 0.263444 yz
rIH8L = jj
z;
k -0.449028 {

KTH8L
-1.54205 0
ij 1.85398
yz
jj
z
j
= jj -2.35398 4.07407
-1.49789 zzzz;
jj
zz
-2.53202 2.44229 {
k0
ij -1.02688 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.449028 {
ij 0.409375 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.440625 {
i 0.409375 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.60625 {
i 1.175 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.55938 {
82

-1.49789 y
i 4.07407
zz;
KTH8L = jj
k -2.53202 2.44229 {
i 1.78125 yz
z;
RE = jj
k -0.440625 {
i 1.79685 yz
RIH8L = jj
z;
k -0.449028 {
i 1.78125 yz
lRE = jj
z;
k -0.440625 {

1
Nodal values, d = : , 1.12385, 0.944394>
2
uHxL
2 Elements
1.2
1.1
1.2
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
u1
1
x=1
u2
1.4
1.6
u3
4
x =
3
5
x =
3
1.8
u4
4
x=2
Starting values:
1
d = : , 2, 2, 2>
2
l = 0.1;
Maximum l = 1
Cubic
i -0.0155975 yz
z
k 0.00840328 {
83
Set d l H0L = 80, 0, 0<

*********************************************
Iteration: 1
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH0L = : , 2, 2, 2>
2
RE = 80, 0, 0, -2<
-2.25 y
zz;
{
i 3.
k -3.5
i -3.75 yz
rIH0L = jj
z;
k 5.625 {
4.25
i 2.22045 10-16 yz
zz;
rIH0L = jjjj
-16 z
k -2.22045 10 {
-2. y
i 2.
zz;
k -4. 4. {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
z
rE = jj
k 0.632099 {
i 2.22045 10-16 yz
zz;
rIH0L = jjjj
-16 z
k -2.22045 10 {
-2. y
i 2.
zz;
k -4. 4. {
i 0.941975 yz
z
rE = jj
k 1.12901 {

KTH0L
RIH0L
3.
jij
jj -3.5
j
= jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
-2.25
6.25
-4.
0
-3.75
yz
jij
zz
jj 5.625
zz
jj
zz
j
zz;
= jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
j
-16
k -2.22045 10 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
6.
-2. zzzz
zz
-4. 4. {
0
-2. 0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
j
zz
j
RE = jj
z
jj 1.57407 zzz
jjj
zzz
k -0.870988 {

KTH0L
ij 6.25 -2. 0 yz
j
z
= jjjj -4. 6.
-2. zzzz;
jj
zz
-4. 4. {
k0
0.814815 y
jij
zz
j
j
RE = jj 1.57407 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
RIH0L
5.625
jij
zyz
jj 0.
zz
zz;
= jjj
zz
jj
-16 z
k -2.22045 10 {
0.0814815 y
jij
zz
j
j
lRE = jj 0.157407 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.0870988 {
R = lRE -
RIH0L
-5.54352 y
jij
zz
j
j
= jj 0.157407 zzzz
jj
zz
k -0.0870988 {
84
-1
a =@K H0L
T D R = 8-1.29096, -1.2625, -1.28427<;
-1
b =@K H0L
T D RE = 80.325672, 0.610317, 0.39257<
"###########
Set s = l bT b = 0.0795399
Dl = 0
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 , Du4 < = 8-1.29096, -1.2625, -1.28427<
Solution increment
Update
d l H1L = d l H0L + Dd = 8-1.29096, -1.2625, -1.28427<
1
New nodal values, dH1L = dH0L + Dd = : , 0.709038, 0.737502, 0.715728>
2
*********************************************
Iteration: 2
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH1L = : , 0.709038, 0.737502, 0.715728>
2
RE = 80, 0, 0, -2<
-2.68032 y
i 2.78484
zz;
-3.28484
3.38936
{
k
i -0.567571 yz
rIH1L = jj
z;
k 0.693938 {
-2.63851 y
i 2.62762
zz;
k -3.36512 3.35423 {
i 0.0573737 yz
rIH1L = jj
z;
k -0.0731955 {
-2.63599 y
i 2.65023
zz;
k -3.35926 3.3735
{
i -0.0751673 yz
rIH1L = jj
z;
k 0.0957548 {

ij 2.78484
jj
jj -3.28484
H1L
KT = jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
RIH1L
ij -0.567571 yz
jj
z
jj 0.618771 zzz
j
zz;
j
= jj
z
jj 0.153128 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.0731955 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-3.35926 6.00111
-2.63851 zzzz
zz
0
-3.36512 3.35423 {
-2.68032 0
6.03958
-2.63599 0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
j
zz
j
RE = jj
z
jj 1.57407 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 zy
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
85

-2.63599 0
ij 6.03958
yz
j
z
KTH1L = jjjj -3.35926 6.00111
-2.63851 zzzz;
jj
zz
-3.36512 3.35423 {
k0
ij 0.814815 yz
j
z
RE = jjjj 1.57407 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
ij 0.0814815 yz
j
z
lRE = jjjj 0.157407 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.0870988 {
ij 0.618771 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.0731955 {
R = lRE -
RIH1L
-1
a =@K H1L
T D R = 8-0.159589, -0.161823, -0.166493<;
-1
b =@K H1L
T D RE = 80.445198, 0.710925, 0.453565<
d H1L
l = 8-1.29096, -1.2625, -1.28427<
s = 0.0795399
T
2
H1L
a1 = Hd H1L
l +aL Hd l +aL- s = 6.23118;
T
a2 = 2Hd H1L
l +aL b = -4.63277;
a3 = bT b = 0.909336
a4 = a22 -4a3 a1 = -1.20244

Dl = -0.025
Solution increment
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 , Du4 < = 8-0.170719, -0.179596, -0.177832<
Update
d l H2L = d l H1L + Dd = 8-1.46168, -1.44209, -1.4621<
1
2
*********************************************
Iteration: 3
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH2L = : , 0.538319, 0.557907, 0.537896>
2
ij -0.53729 yz
j
z
= jjjj 0.00427895 zzzz
jj
zz
k -0.0139033 {
86
RE = 80, 0, 0, -2<
-2.73723 y
i 2.75639
zz;
k -3.25639 3.27555 {
i -0.105131 yz
rIH2L = jj
z;
k 0.125025 {
-2.72772 y
i 2.71771
zz;
k -3.27562 3.26561 {
i 0.0545174 zy
rIH2L = jj
z;
k -0.0654814 {
-2.72431 y
i 2.73411
zz;
k -3.27242 3.28222 {
i -0.0534278 yz
rIH2L = jj
z;
k 0.0641642 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 zy
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {

ij 2.75639
jj
jj -3.25639
H2L
KT = jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
RIH2L
-0.105131 y
jij
z
jj 0.071597 zzz
jj
zz
zz;
= jjj
jj 0.118682 zzz
jjj
zzz
k -0.0654814 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-3.27242 5.99993
-2.72772 zzzz
zz
0
-3.27562 3.26561 {
-2.73723 0
6.00965
-2.72431 0
0.232099 y
jij
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
jj
zz
zz
RE = jjj
jj 1.57407 zzz
jjj
zzz
k -0.870988 {
-2.72431 0
ij 6.00965
yz
j
z
KTH2L = jjjj -3.27242 5.99993
-2.72772 zzzz;
jj
zz
-3.27562 3.26561 {
k0
0.814815 y
jij
zz
j
j
RE = jj 1.57407 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
0.0611111 y
jij
zz
j
j
lRE = jj 0.118056 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.0653241 {

1
Nodal values, d = : , 0.538319, 0.557907, 0.537896>
2
Set d l H3L = 80, 0, 0<
Set s = Prev s 53 = 0.132567

*********************************************
Iteration: 4
ij 0.071597 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.0654814 {
R = lRE -
RIH2L
-0.0104858 y
jij
zz
j
j
= jj -0.000626094 zzzz
jj
zz
k 0.000157345 {
87
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH3L = : , 0.538319, 0.557907, 0.537896>
2
RE = 80, 0, 0, -2<
-2.73723 y
i 2.75639
zz;
k -3.25639 3.27555 {
i -0.105131 zy
rIH3L = jj
z;
k 0.125025 {
-2.72772 y
i 2.71771
zz;
k -3.27562 3.26561 {
i 0.0545174 yz
rIH3L = jj
z;
k -0.0654814 {
-2.72431 y
i 2.73411
zz;
k -3.27242 3.28222 {
i -0.0534278 yz
rIH3L = jj
z;
k 0.0641642 {
i 0.232099 zy
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {

KTH3L
RIH3L
2.75639
jij
jj -3.25639
j
= jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
ij -0.105131 yz
jj
z
jj 0.071597 zzz
zz;
= jjjj
z
jj 0.118682 zzz
jjj
zzz
k -0.0654814 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz;
-3.27242 5.99993
-2.72772 zzzz
zz
0
-3.27562 3.26561 {
-2.73723 0
6.00965
-2.72431 0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
zz
RE = jjjj
z
jj 1.57407 zzz
jjj
zzz
k -0.870988 {

KTH3L
-2.72431 0
ij 6.00965
yz
jj
z
j
= jj -3.27242 5.99993
-2.72772 zzzz;
jj
zz
-3.27562 3.26561 {
k0
ij 0.814815 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
ij 0.122222 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.130648 {
-1
a =@K H3L
T D R = 80.0314833, 0.0508672, 0.0310676<;
-1
b =@K H3L
T D RE = 80.464105, 0.724695, 0.460201<
d H3L
l = 80, 0, 0<
s = 0.132567
RIH3L
ij 0.071597 yz
j
z
= jjjj 0.118682 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.0654814 {
ij 0.0506253 yz
j
z
R = lRE - RIH3L = jjjj 0.117429 zzzz
jj
zz
k -0.0651667 {
88
T
2
H3L
a1 = Hd H3L
l +aL Hd l +aL- s = -0.01303;
T
a2 = 2Hd H3L
l +aL b = 0.131544;
a3 = bT b = 0.952361
a4 = a22 -4a3 a1 = 0.066941

c1 = 0.;
c2 = 0.
Dl = 0.0667737
Solution increment
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 , Du4 < = 80.0624733, 0.0992578, 0.0617969<
Update
New l = Prev l + Dl = 0.216774
d l H4L = d l H3L + Dd = 80.0624733, 0.0992578, 0.0617969<
1
2
*********************************************
Iteration: 5
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH4L = : , 0.600792, 0.657164, 0.599693>
2
RE = 80, 0, 0, -2<
-2.7164 y
i 2.7668
zz;
k -3.2668 3.31719 {
-2.68081 y
i 2.709
zz;
k -3.30979 3.33798 {
i 2.66184
k -3.319
-2.69058 y
zz;
{
3.29027
i -0.275484 yz
rIH4L = jj
z;
k 0.33096 {
i -0.151654 zy
rIH4L = jj
z;
k 0.187111 {
i 0.154082 yz
rIH4L = jj
z;
k -0.190199 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 zy
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
89

KTH4L
RIH4L
ij 2.7668
jj
jj -3.2668
= jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij -0.275484 yz
jj
z
jj 0.179306 zzz
j
j
zzz;
= jj
jj 0.341193 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.190199 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-2.69058 zzzz
z
3.29027 {
-2.7164
6.02619
-2.68081 0
-3.30979 5.99982
0
-3.319
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
j
zz
j
RE = jj
z
jj 1.57407 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
-2.68081 0
ij 6.02619
yz
j
z
KTH4L = jjjj -3.30979 5.99982
-2.69058 zzzz;
jj
zz
-3.319
3.29027 {
k0
ij 0.814815 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
ij 0.17663 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.188807 {
ij 0.179306 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.190199 {
R = lRE -
RIH4L
ij -0.00267551 yz
j
z
= jjjj 0.0000251968 zzzz
jj
zz
k 0.00139137 {
1
Nodal values, d = : , 0.600792, 0.657164, 0.599693>
2
Set d l H5L = 80, 0, 0<
Set s = Prev s 52 = 0.331416

*********************************************
Iteration: 6
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH5L = : , 0.600792, 0.657164, 0.599693>
2
RE = 80, 0, 0, -2<
-2.7164 y
i 2.7668
zz;
k -3.2668 3.31719 {
-2.68081 y
i 2.709
zz;
-3.30979
3.33798
k
{
i -0.275484 zy
rIH5L = jj
z;
k 0.33096 {
i -0.151654 yz
rIH5L = jj
z;
k 0.187111 {
i 0.232099 zy
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
90
i 2.66184
k -3.319
-2.69058 yz
z;
3.29027 {

KTH5L
RIH5L
ij 2.7668
jj
jj -3.2668
= jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
-0.275484 y
jij
z
jj 0.179306 zzz
jj
zz
zz;
= jjj
jj 0.341193 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.190199 {
i 0.154082 yz
rIH5L = jj
z;
k -0.190199 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-2.69058 zzzz
z
3.29027 {
-2.7164
6.02619
-2.68081 0
-3.30979 5.99982
0
-3.319
0.232099 y
jij
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
jj
zz
zz
RE = jjj
jj 1.57407 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
-2.68081 0
ij 6.02619
yz
j
z
KTH5L = jjjj -3.30979 5.99982
-2.69058 zzzz;
jj
zz
-3.319
3.29027 {
k0
0.814815 y
jij
zz
j
j
RE = jj 1.57407 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
0.353261 y
jij
zz
j
j
lRE = jj 0.682436 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.377614 {
ij 0.179306 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.190199 {
R = lRE -

-1
a =@K H5L
T D R = 80.098423, 0.156356, 0.100761<;
-1
b =@K H5L
T D RE = 80.456431, 0.722067, 0.463657<
d H5L
l = 80, 0, 0<
s = 0.331416
T
2
H5L
a1 = Hd H5L
l +aL Hd l +aL- s = -0.0655497;
T
a2 = 2Hd H5L
l +aL b = 0.409082;
a3 = bT b = 0.944687
a4 = a22 -4a3 a1 = 0.415044

c1 = 0.;
c2 = 0.
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
RIH5L
0.173955 y
jij
zz
j
j
= jj 0.341243 zzzz
jj
zz
k -0.187416 {
91
Dl = 0.124463
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 , Du4 < = 80.155232, 0.246227, 0.158469<
Solution increment
Update
New l = Prev l + Dl = 0.55801
d l H6L = d l H5L + Dd = 80.155232, 0.246227, 0.158469<
1
2
*********************************************
Iteration: 7
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH6L = : , 0.756024, 0.903391, 0.758162>
2
RE = 80, 0, 0, -2<
-2.66466 y
i 2.79267
zz;
k -3.29267 3.42068 {
i -0.69314 yz
rIH6L = jj
z;
k 0.853926 {
-2.59671 y
i 2.5241
zz;
k -3.42749 3.35488 {
i 0.373604 yz
rIH6L = jj
z;
k -0.494257 {
-2.57287 y
i 2.64655
zz;
k -3.40257 3.47626 {
i -0.382776 yz
rIH6L = jj
z;
k 0.505048 {

KTH6L
RIH6L
2.79267
jij
jj -3.29267
j
= jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij -0.69314 yz
jj
z
jj 0.47115 zzz
zz;
= jjjj
zz
jjj 0.878652 zzz
j
z
k -0.494257 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz;
-3.40257 6.00036
-2.59671 zzzz
z
0
-3.42749 3.35488 {
-2.66466 0
6.06723
-2.57287 0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
zz
RE = jjjj
zz
jjj 1.57407 zzz
j
z
k -0.870988 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
92

KTH6L
6.06723
-2.57287 0
jij
zyz
j
j
= jj -3.40257 6.00036
-2.59671 zzzz;
jj
zz
-3.42749 3.35488 {
k0
ij 0.814815 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
ij 0.454675 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.48602 {
RIH6L
0.47115 y
jij
zz
j
j
= jj 0.878652 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.494257 {
ij -0.0164749 yz
j
z
R = lRE - RIH6L = jjjj -0.000302101 zzzz
jj
zz
k 0.00823699 {
1
Nodal values, d = : , 0.756024, 0.903391, 0.758162>
2
Set d l H7L = 80, 0, 0<
Set s = Prev s 52 = 0.828541

*********************************************
Iteration: 8
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH7L = : , 0.756024, 0.903391, 0.758162>
2
RE = 80, 0, 0, -2<
-2.66466 y
i 2.79267
zz;
k -3.29267 3.42068 {
i -0.69314 yz
rIH7L = jj
z;
k 0.853926 {
-2.59671 y
i 2.5241
zz;
-3.42749
3.35488
k
{
i 0.373604 yz
rIH7L = jj
z;
k -0.494257 {
-2.57287 yz
i 2.64655
z;
k -3.40257 3.47626 {
i -0.382776 zy
rIH7L = jj
z;
k 0.505048 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
93

KTH7L
RIH7L
ij 2.79267
jj
jj -3.29267
= jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij -0.69314 yz
jj
z
jj 0.47115 zzz
j
zz;
j
= jj
z
jj 0.878652 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.494257 {
yz
zz
zz
zz;
z
-3.40257 6.00036
-2.59671 zzzz
z
0
-3.42749 3.35488 {
-2.66466 0
-2.57287 0
6.06723
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
j
zz
j
RE = jj
z
jj 1.57407 zzz
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
-2.57287 0
ij 6.06723
yz
j
z
KTH7L = jjjj -3.40257 6.00036
-2.59671 zzzz;
jj
zz
-3.42749 3.35488 {
k0
ij 0.814815 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
ij 0.814815 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
ij 0.47115 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.494257 {
R = lRE -

-1
a =@K H7L
T D R = 80.189471, 0.31323, 0.207716<;
-1
b =@K H7L
T D RE = 80.436415, 0.712441, 0.468243<
d H7L
l = 80, 0, 0<
s = 0.828541
H7L
T
2
a1 = Hd H7L
l +aL Hd l +aL- s = -0.509322;
T
a2 = 2Hd H7L
l +aL b = 0.806214;
a3 = bT b = 0.917283
a4 = a22 -4a3 a1 = 2.51875

c1 = 0.;
c2 = 0.
RIH7L
ij 0.343665 yz
j
z
= jjjj 0.695422 zzzz
jj
zz
k -0.376731 {
94
Dl = 0
Dd = a + b Dl = 8Du2 , Du3 , Du4 < = 80.189471, 0.31323, 0.207716<
Solution increment
Update
d l H8L = d l H7L + Dd = 80.189471, 0.31323, 0.207716<
1
2
*********************************************
Iteration: 9
*********************************************
1
Nodal values, dH8L = : , 0.945494, 1.21662, 0.965877>
2
RE = 80, 0, 0, -2<
-2.6015 y
i 2.82425
zz;
k -3.32425 3.547 {
-2.43688 y
i 2.57244
zz;
{
k -3.51793 3.6535
-2.47527 y
i 2.3499
zz;
k -3.56652 3.44115 {
i -1.19203 yz
rIH8L = jj
z;
k 1.51401 {
i -0.672953 yz
rIH8L = jj
z;
k 0.966056 {
i 0.610178 yz
rIH8L = jj
z;
k -0.883802 {

2.82425
jij
jj -3.32425
j
KTH8L = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
RIH8L
ij -1.19203 yz
jj
z
jj 0.841058 zzz
zz;
= jjjj
zz
jjj 1.57623 zzz
j
z
k -0.883802 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz;
-3.51793 6.0034
-2.47527 zzzz
z
0
-3.56652 3.44115 {
-2.6015
6.11944
-2.43688 0
ij 0.232099 yz
jj
z
jj 0.814815 zzz
zz
RE = jjjj
zz
jjj 1.57407 zzz
j
z
k -0.870988 {
i 0.232099 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.308025 {
i 0.50679 yz
rE = jj
z
k 0.632099 {
i 0.941975 yz
rE = jj
z
k 1.12901 {
95

KTH8L
6.11944
-2.43688 0
jij
zyz
j
j
= jj -3.51793 6.0034
-2.47527 zzzz;
jj
zz
-3.56652 3.44115 {
k0
ij 0.814815 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
RIH8L
ij 0.814815 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k -0.870988 {
0.841058 y
jij
zz
j
j
= jj 1.57623 zzzz;
jj
zz
k -0.883802 {
ij -0.0262434 yz
j
z
R = lRE - RIH8L = jjjj -0.00216027 zzzz
jj
zz
k 0.012814
{
1
Nodal values, d = : , 0.945494, 1.21662, 0.965877>
2
uHxL
3 Elements
1.2
1.1
x
1.2
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1.4
1.6
1.8
Cubic
7.13
Including radiation heat transfer from the lateral surface of long fins the governing differential equation
for temperature distribution is as follows.
d T
4
+ P s eHT 4 - T
L = q; 0 < x < L
-k A
dx2
2
dTHLL
4
= s eHT 4 HLL - T
L
TH0L = T0 specified; -k
dx
where k is the coefficient of thermal conductivity, A is area of cross section of fin, P is lateral surface area
of fin (perimeter) exposed to radiation, s is Stefan-Boltzmann constant, e is emissivity, T is the ambient
temperature, and q is heat source.
96
(a) Derive equations for a typical linear finite element for the problem.
(b) Using two linear elements, and the Newton-Raphson method, obtain an approximate solution. Use the
following numerical values.
k = 40 W m.K; s = 5.675 10-8 ; e = 0.35; q = 0
Circular fin with radius r = 0.5 cm A = p r 2 ; P = 2 p r

L = 0.4 m; T0 = 500 K; T = 0 K
Weak form
d T
4
+ P s eHT 4 - T
L - qM wi dx = 0
0 I-k A
dx2
L
Using integration by parts on the first term (assuming k A to be constant) we have
dT
dT
dT
4
AI-k A
M wi Ex=L - AI-k A
M wi Ex=0 + 0 I-I-k A
M wi + P s eHT 4 - T
L wi - q wi M dx = 0
dx
dx
dx
L
Using the boundary condition at x = L we have
dT
dT
4
4
L wi Dx=L - AI-k A
M wi Ex=0 + 0 Ik A
wi + P s eHT 4 - T
@A s eHT 4 HLL - T
dx
dx
L
The boundary condition at x = 0 cannot be substituted directly and thus it is of the essential type. Requiring assumed solutions to satisfy this boundary condition the weighting functions will all be zero at x = 0.
Therefore, assuming only such admissible solutions will be used, the final weak form is as follows.
dT
4
4
L wi Dx=L + 0 Ik A
wi + P s eHT 4 - T
@A s eHT 4 HLL - T
dx
L
with TH0L = specified value for admissible solutions

The first term is the NBC term. It can be added directly to the last node in the finite element model and
thus is ignored for the time being.
Thus for a typical element from x1 to x2 with length b = x2 - x1 the weak form is as follows.
2
dT
4
wi + P s eHT 4 - T
x1 Ik A
dx
Assumed solution
97
x-x2
THxL = I
x1 -x2
iT
x- x1
j 1
x2 -x1 M j
k T2
yz
z = H N1 N2
{
i T1
L jj
k T2
yz
z NT d
{
x-x2
x-x2
x- x1
x- x1
= -
; N2 =
=
N1 =
x -x
b
x -x
b
1

1
dTHxL
= I
T HxL =
x1 -x2
dx
i T1 yz
i T1 yz
1
M jj
z = H N1 N2 L jj
z BT d
x2 -x1
k T2 {
k T2 {
1
1
N1 =
= - 1b ; N2 =
= 1b
x -x
x -x
1
2
dT
4
N1 + P s eHT 4 - T
L N1 - q N1 M dx = 0
x1 Ik A
dx
2
dT
4
N2 + P s eHT 4 - T
L N2 - q N2 M dx = 0
x1 Ik A
dx
x2
x1
N1 y
0
N
ij
iN y
dT j
4 i
zz - q ijj 1 yzzzzzy dx = ijj yzz
jjk A
jj 1 zzz + P s eHT 4 - T
L jj
dx
k N2 {
k0{
k N2 {{
k
k N2 {
Rearranging terms
x2
x1
ij
i N y dT
i N1 yz 4
i N1 yzzy
i0y
4
jjk A jjj 1 zzz
z T - HP s e T
zzz dx = jj zz
+ P s e jj
+ qL jj
dx
k N2 {
k N2 {{
k0{
k
k N2 {
Substituting for THxL and T HxL we have
2
T
T
4
x1 Jk A B B d + P s e N IN d M - HP s e T + qL N N dx = 0
Thus the element equations are as follows.

kHd L = rE
where
kHd L = x 2 Jk A B BT d + P s e N INT d M N dx;
x
1
98
4
rE = x 2 HP s e T
+ qL N dx;
x
1
Assuming k , A, P, s, e, and q are constant over an element, substituting the interpolation functions and
their derivatives, carrying out matrix multiplications, and integrating the resulting expressions with
respect to x we get the following vectors k and r for this element.
Clear@T, nD; n = 8-Hx - x2L b, Hx - x1L b<; b = D@n, xD;
d = 8T1 , T2 <; kd = Integrate@Hk A b Hb.dL + P s e n Hn.dL^4L . Hx2 x1 + bL, 8x, x1, x1 + b<D;
r = IntegrateAIP s e T4 + qM n . Hx2 x1 + bL, 8x, x1, x1 + b<E;
StringForm@"k = ``;\n rE = ``", Simplify@MatrixForm@kdDD, MatrixForm@rDD
5 P b e s T1 +4 P b e s T2 T1 +3 P b e s T2 T1 +2 IP b e s T2 +15 A kM T1 +P b e s T2 -30 A k T2
ij

jj
30 b
k = jjj 2
jj P b e s T14 +2 P b2 e s T2 T13 +3 P b2 e s T22 T12 +I4 P b2 e s T23 -30 A k M T1 +5 T2 IP b2 e s T23 +6 A k M
k
30 b
2
qb
4
ij 12 P b e s T
+
y
2 z
j
zz
j
rE = jj
z
qb z
1
4
P
b
e
s
T
+
k 2
2 {
yz
zz
zz;
zz
z
{
NBC term to be added to the equation corresponding to the last node (nth node) in the model.
4
L
Additional term for the nth node = A s eHTn4 - T
4
to the rE n
Note Tn is an unknown. Thus A s e Tn4 will be added to kn and A s e T
For use in the Newton-Raphson method the element tangent matrix is obtained by differentiating k vector
with respect to T1 and T2 .
15 A k
ij 10 T13 + 6 T2 T12 + 3 T22 T1 + T23 +
1
P b2 e s
kT = P b e s jjjj
15 A k
3
2
2
3
15
k 2 T1 + 3 T2 T1 + 3 T2 T1 + 2 T2 -
P b2 e s
15 A k
2 T13 + 3 T2 T12 + 3 T22 T1 + 2 T23 -
y
P b2 e s z
zz
z
15 A k z
3
2
2
3
T1 + 3 T2 T1 + 6 T2 T1 + 10 T2 +
P b2 e s {
The last element will have the additional term due to the natural boundary condition
i0
kT-nbc = jjj
k0
zyz
z
4 A e s T23 {
99
Iteration: 1
dH0L = 8500, 100, 100<
-0.013269 y
i 0.025806
zz;
k -0.013269 0.0174195 {
-0.0156366 y
i 0.0158506
zz;
k -0.0156366 0.0158506 {
i 7.60642 yz
z;
k -5.93553 {
i 0.00534856 zy
z;
k 0.00534856 {
i0 0
Addition due to NBC: kTH0L = jjj
-6
k 0 5.34856 10
yz
zz;
{
i0
yz
z
rIH0L = jj
k 0.000133714 {

KTH0L
0.025806
-0.013269 0
jij
zyz
j
j
-0.0156366 zzzz;
= jj -0.013269 0.0332701
jj
zz
-0.0156366 0.0158559 {
k0
ij 7.60642
yz
j
z
RIH0L = jjjj -5.93018 zzzz;
jj
zz
k 0.00548228 {
ij 0 yz
j z
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz
jj zz
k0{

-0.0156366 y
i 0.0332701
zz;
KTH0L = jj
k -0.0156366 0.0158559 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
i -5.93018 yz
RI = jj
z
k 0.00548228 {
i 5.93018
yz
z
k -0.00548228 {

-0.0156366
ij 0.0332701
j
k -0.0156366 0.0158559
yzij Du2 yz ij 5.93018

yz
zj
z
z=j
{k Du3 { k -0.00548228 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8331.926, 326.989<
Total nodal values, dH1L = 8500, 431.926, 426.989<
Iteration: 2
i0 y
rE = jj zz
k0 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
100
dH1L = 8500, 431.926, 426.989<
-0.00846998 y
i 0.0318129
zz;
-0.00846998
0.0286474
k
{
i 3.86399 yz
z;
k 1.23265 {
-0.0100593 y
i 0.0271029
zz;
k -0.0100593 0.0269081 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
i 1.91096 yz
z;
k 1.72799 {
i0 0
zyz;
Addition due to NBC: kTH1L = jj
k 0 0.000416378 {
i0
zyz
rIH1L = jj
k 0.0444472 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{

KTH1L =
ij 3.86399 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k 1.77244 {
-0.00846998 0
ij 0.0318129
yz
jj
zz
jj -0.00846998 0.0557502
zz;
-0.0100593
jj
zz
j
z
-0.0100593 0.0273245 {
k0

-0.0100593 y
i 0.0557502
zz;
KTH1L = jj
k -0.0100593 0.0273245 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
ij 0 yz
j z
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz
jj zz
k0{
i 3.14361 yz
RI = jj
z
k 1.77244 {
i -3.14361 yz
z
k -1.77244 {

-0.0100593
ij 0.0557502
j
k -0.0100593 0.0273245

zj
z=j
z
{k Du3 { k -1.77244 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-72.9364, -91.7174<
Iteration: 3
dH2L = 8500, 358.989, 335.272<
-0.0099666 y
i 0.0301709
zz;
k -0.0099666 0.0245759 {
-0.0127229 y
i 0.0219881
zz;
k -0.0127229 0.0213765 {
i 4.53813 yz
z;
k -0.70145 {
i 1.18638 yz
z;
k 0.370481 {
i0 0
yz
z;
k 0 0.000201571 {
i0
yz
rIH2L = jj
z
k 0.0168953 {
i0 y
rE = jj zz
k0 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
101

KTH2L =
-0.0099666 0
ij 0.0301709
yz
jj
zz
jj -0.0099666 0.046564
zz;
-0.0127229
jj
zz
j
z
-0.0127229 0.0215781 {
k0
ij 4.53813 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k 0.387377 {

-0.0127229 y
i 0.046564
zz;
KTH2L = jj
k -0.0127229 0.0215781 {
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
ij 0 yz
j z
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz
jj zz
k0{
i 0.484932 yz
RI = jj
z
k 0.387377 {
i -0.484932 yz
z
k -0.387377 {

-0.0127229
ij 0.046564
j
-0.0127229
0.0215781
k

zj
z
z=j
{k Du3 { k -0.387377 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-18.2615, -28.7196<
Iteration: 4
dH3L = 8500, 340.728, 306.552<
-0.0102966 y
i 0.029791
zz;
k -0.0102966 0.0237265 {
-0.0132864 y
i 0.0209422
zz;
-0.0132864
0.020176
{
k
i 4.72317 zy
z;
k -1.14239 {
i 1.16827 yz
z;
k 0.0118606 {
i0 0
yz
z;
k 0 0.000154081 {
i0 y
rE = jj zz
k0 {
i0
yz
rIH3L = jj
z
k 0.0118085 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{

KTH3L =
-0.0102966 0
ij 0.029791
yz
jj
z
jj -0.0102966 0.0446688
-0.0132864 zzzz;
jj
zz
j
-0.0132864 0.02033
k0
{
RIH3L
ij 4.72317 yz
j
z
= jjjj 0.025882 zzzz;
jj
zz
k 0.0236691 {
ij 0 yz
j z
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz
jj zz
k0{
102

-0.0132864 y
i 0.0446688
zz;
KTH3L = jj
{
k -0.0132864 0.02033
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
i 0.025882 yz
RI = jj
z
k 0.0236691 {
i -0.025882 yz
z
k -0.0236691 {

-0.0132864 yi Du2 y i -0.025882 y
ij 0.0446688
zz = jj
zz
zzjj
j
k -0.0132864 0.02033
{k Du3 { k -0.0236691 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-1.14909, -1.91522<
Iteration: 5
dH4L = 8500, 339.579, 304.637<
-0.0103168 y
i 0.0297675
zz;
k -0.0103168 0.0236752 {
-0.0133205 y
i 0.0208794
zz;
k -0.0133205 0.0201034 {
i 4.73502 yz
z;
k -1.16962 {
yz
i 1.16972
z;
k -0.0114242 {
yz
i0 0
z;
0
0.000151212
k
{
yz
i0
rIH4L = jj
z
0.0115162
k
{
-0.0103168 0
ij 0.0297675
yz
j
z
-0.0133205 zzzz;
KTH4L = jjjj -0.0103168 0.0445546
jj
zz
-0.0133205 0.0202546 {
k0
RIH4L
ij 4.73502
yz
j
z
= jjjj 0.00009825 zzzz;
jj
zz
k 0.0000919661 {
ij 0 yz
j z
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz
jj zz
k0{

-0.0133205 y
i 0.0445546
zz;
KTH4L = jj
-0.0133205
0.0202546
{
k
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
i 0.00009825 yz
RI = jj
z
k 0.0000919661 {
i -0.00009825 zy
z
k -0.0000919661 {
i0 y
rE = jj zz
k0 {
i0y
rE = jj zz
k0{
103

-0.0133205
ij 0.0445546
j
k -0.0133205 0.0202546

zj
z
z=j
{k Du3 { k -0.0000919661 {
Solution: 8Du2 , Du3 < = 8-0.00443454, -0.00745689<
CHAPTER EIGHT
Material Nonlinearity
8.1
Consider solution of the axially loaded bar shown in the Figure 8.21. The two end segments have linearly
varying areas of cross-section and the middle segment is of uniform cross-section. Use the following
numerical data for the end segments.
E = 70 GPa P = 200 kN L = 300 mm A1 = 2400 mm2 A2 = 600 mm2
For the middle segment assume a Ramberg-Osgood model with the following parameters.
A = 600 mm2 , E = 70 GPa, n = 10, sY = 200 MPa
A2
A1
A1
2P
L
Figure 8.21.
2L
Axially loaded bar
Consider a simple 4 element model. For the linearly varying sections, we compute the area of cross section
at nodes and assign the average area to the element. Use N - mm units.
u1
u2
u4
u5
Areas at nodes
82400, 600, 600, 1500, 2400<
Average area for each element

81500, 600, 1050, 1950<
u3
Node
dof
Value
Du2
200000
Du3
-400000
(i) Load factor = 1

Set the state of all elements to their initial values.
Iteration = 1
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 200000 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -400000 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zj
z j
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
Element nodes = H 0. 300. L;
Load factor = 1;
Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1500
e = 0;
s = 0;
Internal force vector, r I = H 0 0 L
Elastic model: E = 70000;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 350000.
-350000. yi Du1 y i 0 y
ij 350000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -350000. 350000. {k Du2 { k 0 {
The element contributes to 81, 2< global degrees of freedom.

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-350000. 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj
zz
0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
0
zz
z j
zj
z
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
350000.
L = 300.
Load factor = 1;
A = 600
q = 0;
e = 0;
Element state:
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Ramberg-Osgood model: E = 70000;

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
Using these parameters, CT = 70000;
-140000. yi Du2 y i 0 y
ij 140000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
-140000.
140000.
k
{k Du3 { k 0 {
sY = 200;
n = 10;
ACT L = 140000.

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
490000.
-140000. 0 0 zz jj Du2 zz jj 200000 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-140000. 140000.
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -400000 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz
0
0
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zj
z j
0
0
0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0
L = 300.
Load factor = 1;
A = 1050
q = 0;
e = 0;
Element state:
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 245000.
-245000. yi Du3 y i 0 y
ij 245000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -245000. 245000. {k Du4 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 200000 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -400000 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0
-245000. 245000.
0 zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zj
z
z j
0
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0
Load factor = 1;
q = 0;
L = 300.
A = 1950
Element state:
e = 0;
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 455000.
455000.
-455000. yi Du4 y i 0 y
jij
zzjj
zz = jj zz
k -455000. 455000. {k Du5 { k 0 {

350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
Du
zyz jij 1 zyz jij
zyz
z
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
490000.
-140000. 0
0
zz jj Du2 zz jj 200000 zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
z
j
j
zz jj Du3 zz = jj -400000 zzz
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zj
zz
z j
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0
zzz
zj
z
z j
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0
After assembly of all elements the global matrices are as follows.

350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
K T = jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
zy
jij
jj 200000 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
RE = jjjj -400000 zzzz;
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
z
j
{
k0
System of equations
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zz
zz
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz
z
0
0
-455000. 455000. {
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
RI = jjjj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
k0 {
0
zy
jij
jj 200000 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
R = RE - RI = jjjj -400000 zzzz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
z
j
{
k0
0
Du
zyz jij 1 zyz jij
zyz
z
j
z
z
j
z
j
z
j
490000.
-140000. 0
0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
j
z
j
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z j
zj
zz
0
-245000. 700000.
zzz
z j
zj
z
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Du5
Remove 81, 5< rows and columns.

-140000. 0
ij 490000.
yz ij Du2 yz ij 200000. yz
jj
zj
z j
z
jj -140000. 385000.
-245000. zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -400000. zzzz
jj
z
z
zz
j
j
j
zj
z j
-245000. 700000. { k Du4 { k 0
k0
{
8Du2 = 0.0303072, Du3 = -1.3225, Du4 = -0.462874<

Du
1
0.0303072
-1.3225
-0.462874
Total increments since the start of this load step

Du
1
0.0303072
-1.3225
-0.462874
Total nodal values

u
1
0.0303072
-1.3225
-0.462874

L = 300.;
A = 1500
Du = H 0 0.0303072 L
De = 0.000101024
Previous state: e = 0;
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000101024.

Element current state:
e = 0.000101024;
s = 7.07168;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -10607.5 10607.5 L
Axial force = 10607.5

L = 300.;
A = 600
Du = H 0.0303072 -1.3225 L
De = -0.00450934
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00450934.

E = 70000;
n = 10;
sY = 200;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0
Using Ramberg-Osgood equation with e = -0.00450934 we get s = -170.142

e = -0.00450934;
s = -170.142;
Status = Unloading
r I = H 102085. -102085. L
Axial force = -102085.

L = 300.;
A = 1050
Du = H -1.3225 -0.462874 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00286541
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00286541.

e = 0.00286541;
s = 200.579;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -210608. 210608. L
Axial force = 210608.

L = 300.;
A = 1950
Du = H -0.462874 0 L
De = 0.00154291
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00154291.

e = 0.00154291;
s = 108.004;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -210608. 210608. L
After assembling all element internal force vectors,

the global internal force and the external load vectors are as follows.
yz
ij -10607.5
zz
jj
zz
jj 112693.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz;
RI = jjj -312693.
zz
jj
zz
jj
-11 z
jjj -5.82077 10 zzz
z
j
{
k 210608.
0
jij
zy
jj 200000 zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
RE = jjjj -400000 zzzz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
j
z
k0
{
Corresponding to unrestrained dof
ij 112693.
yz
jj
zz
zz;
RI = jjjj -312693.
zz
jj
z
-11 z
k -5.82077 10 {
ij 200000 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k0
{
RE = 200000
!!!!
5;
ij 87307.4
jj
R = RE - RI = jjjj -87307.4
jj
-11
k 5.82077 10
R = 123471.
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
Convergence parameter = 0.0762259

Solution converged to the desired tolerance.
(ii) Load factor = 0.8

Set the state of all elements to their values from the previous iteration.
Iteration = 1
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 160000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -320000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz
zj
z j
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
Load factor = 0.8;

Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
e = 0.000101024;
A = 1500
s = 7.07168;
Status = Elastic
Internal force vector, r I = H -10607.5 10607.5 L

AEL = 350000.
-350000. yi Du1 y i 0 y
ij 350000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -350000. 350000. {k Du2 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-350000. 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0
zz
zj
z
z j
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
350000.
Load factor = 0.8;
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 600
e = -0.00450934;
Element state:
s = -170.142;
Status = Unloading
Internal force vector, r I = H 102085. -102085. L

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
these parameters, CT = -5.87756 108 ;

ij -1.17551 109
jj
j
9
k 1.17551 10
sY = 200;
n = 10;
ACT L = -1.17551 109
Using
yzi Du2 y i 0 y
zz = jj zz
zzjj
z
-1.17551 10 {k Du3 { k 0 {
1.17551 109

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
-350000.
0
9
-1.17516 10
9
1.17551 10
1.17551 10
-1.17551 109
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 160000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jjj
z j
z
z
0 0 zzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -320000. zzzz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
0 0 zzzz jjj Du4 zzz jjj 0
zzz
z j
z
zz j
Du
0
{
0 0{k 5{ k
Load factor = 0.8;
q = 0;
L = 300.
A = 1050
10
e = 0.00286541;
Element state:
s = 200.579;
Internal force vector, r I = H -210608. 210608. L
Status = Elastic
AEL = 245000.
245000.
-245000. yi Du3 y i 0 y
jij
zzjj
zz = jj zz
k -245000. 245000. {k Du4 { k 0 {

350000.
jij
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-350000.
0
9
-1.17516 10
9
0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
0
0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 160000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jjj
z j
z
z
-245000. 0 zzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -320000. zzzz
zz jj
z
j
z
j
zzz
245000.
0 zzzz jjj Du4 zzz jjj 0
zz
z j
z
zz j
{
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0
0
1.17551 10
1.17551 10
-1.17527 109
-245000.
L = 300.
Load factor = 0.8;
A = 1950
q = 0;
e = 0.00154291;
Element state:
s = 108.004;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 455000.
-455000. yi Du4 y i 0 y
ij 455000.
zz = jj zz
j
zzjj
k -455000. 455000. {k Du5 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
-350000.
0
9
-1.17516 10
9
yz i Du1 y i 0
z j
zy
zz jjj
zz jj Du zzzz jjjj 160000. zzzz
0
0
zz jj 2 zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj Du zzzz = jjjj -320000. zzzz
zz jj 3 zz jj
-245000. 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
700000.
-455000. zzzz jjj Du4 zzz jjj 0
zz
z j
zz j
Du
0
{
k
k
{
5
-455000. 455000. {
0
1.17551 10
1.17551 10
-1.17527 109
-245000.
11
350000.
jij
jj
jj -350000.
jj
j
K T = jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
ij 0
yz
jj
z
jj 160000. zzz
jj
zz
j
z
RE = jjjj -320000. zzzz;
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
j
z
0
k
{
-350000.
0
9
-1.17516 10
1.17551 10
1.17551 109
-1.17527 109
-245000.
-10607.5
zyz
jij
zz
jj 112693.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj -312693.
RI = jj
zz;
zz
jj
jj
-11 z
jj -5.82077 10 zzz
zz
jj
{
k 210608.
System of equations
ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
-350000.
0
9
-1.17516 10
9
1.17551 10
1.17551 10
-1.17527 109
-245000.
ij Du1 yz jij 10607.5

z
jj
jj Du2 zzz jjjj 47307.4
zz j
jjj
jj Du zzz = jjjj -7307.42
jjj 3 zzz jjj
zz j
jj
-11
jjj Du4 zzz jjjj 5.82077 10
z j
j
k Du5 { k -210608.
10607.5
jij
jj 47307.4
jj
jj
j
R = RE - RI = jjj -7307.42
jj
jj
jj 5.82077 10-11
jj
k -210608.
yz
zz
zz
0
0
zz
zz
zz
zz
-245000. 0
zz
700000.
-455000. zzzz
zz
-455000. 455000. {
0
9
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-245000. 0
zz
z
700000.
-455000. zzzz
zz
-455000. 455000. {
0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Du5

ij -1.17516 109
jj
jj
9
jjj 1.17551 10
j
k0
1.17551 109
-1.17527 10
-245000.
yz i Du2 y i 47307.4 y
zz jj
zz
zz jjj
z j
z
z
-245000. zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -7307.42 zzzz
z j
z
zj
{
700000. { k Du4 { k 0
0
8Du2 = 0.0785416, Du3 = 0.0785585, Du4 = 0.0274955<
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
12

Du
1
0.0785416
0.0785585
0.0274955

Du
1
0.0785416
0.0785585
0.0274955
Total nodal values

u
1
0.108849
-1.24394
-0.435378

L = 300.;
A = 1500
Du = H 0 0.0785416 L
Previous state: e = 0.000101024;
De = 0.000261805
s = 7.07168;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000362829.

e = 0.000362829;
s = 25.3981;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -38097.1 38097.1 L

L = 300.;
A = 600
Du = H 0.0785416 0.0785585 L
De = 5.61964 10-8
13
Previous state: e = -0.00450934;
s = -170.142;
Status = Unloading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00450929.

E = 70000;
n = 10;
sY = 200;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0
Loading detected. Set s0 = -170.142; and e0 = -0.00450934.

e = -0.00450929;
s = -170.138;
Status = Loading
r I = H 102083. -102083. L

L = 300.;
A = 1050
Du = H 0.0785585 0.0274955 L
s = 200.579;
De = -0.00017021
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.0026952.

e = 0.0026952;
s = 188.664;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -198097. 198097. L

L = 300.;
A = 1950
Du = H 0.0274955 0 L
De = -0.0000916515
s = 108.004;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00145126.

e = 0.00145126;
s = 101.588;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -198097. 198097. L

14
-38097.1
jij
jj 140180.
jj
jj
j
RI = jjj -300180.
jj
jj
jj 2.91038 10-11
jj
k 198097.
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
0
jij
zy
jj 160000. zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
RE = jjjj -320000. zzzz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
j
z
k0
{

ij 140180.
jj
RI = jjjj -300180.
jj
-11
k 2.91038 10
160000. y
jij
zz
j
j
RE = jj -320000. zzzz;
jj
zz
k0
{
RE = 357771.;
yz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
{
ij 19820.2
yz
jj
zz
j
zz
-19820.2
R = RE - RI = jjj
zz
jj
z
-11 z
-2.91038
10
k
{
R = 28030.

(iii) Load factor = 0.5

Iteration = 1
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz
zj
z j
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
Load factor = 0.5;

Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1500
e = 0.000362829;
s = 25.3981;
AEL = 350000.
Status = Elastic
15
-350000. yzij Du1 yz ij 0 yz

ij 350000.
j
z=j z
zj
k -350000. 350000. {k Du2 { k 0 {

350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-350000. 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
350000.
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz
0
zz
zj
z j
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
Load factor = 0.5;

Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 600
e = -0.00450929;
s = -170.138;

s0 = -170.142;
sY = 200;
Status = Loading
n = 10;
ACT L = 140000.
e0 = -0.00450934;
Using these parameters, CT = 70000.;
140000.
-140000. yi Du2 y i 0 y
zzjj
jij
zz = jj zz
k -140000. 140000. {k Du3 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
490000.
-140000. 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 100000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-140000. 140000.
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -200000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0
0
zz
zj
z
z j
0
0
0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0
Load factor = 0.5;

Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1050
e = 0.0026952;
s = 188.664;
AEL = 245000.
Status = Elastic
16

ij 245000.
j
z=j z
zj
k -245000. 245000. {k Du4 { k 0 {

350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
490000.
-140000. 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -200000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz
0
-245000. 245000.
zz
zj
z j
0
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0
L = 300.
Load factor = 0.5;
A = 1950
q = 0;
e = 0.00145126;
Element state:
s = 101.588;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 455000.
-455000. yi Du4 y i 0 y
ij 455000.
zz = jj zz
j
zzjj
k -455000. 455000. {k Du5 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
zz jj
z
z j
zz jj Du2 zzz jjj 100000. zzz
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
zz jj Du zz = jj -200000. zzz
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zz jj 3 zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0
-245000. 700000.
zzz
zj
z j
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
j
K T = jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zz
z
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz
z
0
0
-455000. 455000. {
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0
17
-38097.1
jij
jj 140180.
jj
jj
j
RI = jjj -300180.
jj
jj
jj 2.91038 10-11
jj
k 198097.
0
jij
zy
jj 100000. zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
j
z
k0
{
System of equations
ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
yz ij Du1 yz ijj 38097.1

z
zz jj
zz jj Du2 zzz jjjj -40179.8
zz jj
zz jj
zz j
zz jj
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zzz jjj Du3 zzz = jjjj 100180.
zz j
zz jj
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj -2.91038 10-11
z jj
zj
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k -198097.
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Du5

490000.
-140000. 0
-40179.8 y
Du
jij
zyz jij 2 zyz jij
zz
jj -140000. 385000.
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
-245000. zz jj Du3 zz = jj 100180. zzzz
jj
jj
zz jj
zz jj
zz
-245000. 700000. { k Du4 { k 0
k0
{
8Du2 = 0.0157548, Du3 = 0.34214, Du4 = 0.119749<

Du
1
0.0157548
0.34214
0.119749
38097.1
jij
zyz
jj -40179.8
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
j
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj 100180.
zz
jj
zz
jj
-11 z
jj -2.91038 10 zzz
jj
zz
k -198097.
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
18
Du
1
0.0157548
0.34214
0.119749
Total nodal values

u
1
0.124604
-0.901798
-0.315629

L = 300.;
A = 1500
Du = H 0 0.0157548 L
De = 0.0000525159
s = 25.3981;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000415345.

e = 0.000415345;
s = 29.0742;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -43611.3 43611.3 L

L = 300.;
A = 600
Du = H 0.0157548 0.34214 L
De = 0.00108795
s = -170.138;
Status = Loading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00342134.

E = 70000;
n = 10;
sY = 200;
s0 = -170.142;
e0 = -0.00450934

e = -0.00342134;
Axial force = -56388.8
s = -93.9813;
Status = Loading
r I = H 56388.8 -56388.8 L
19

L = 300.;
Du = H 0.34214
A = 1050
0.119749 L
De = -0.000741304
s = 188.664;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00195389.

e = 0.00195389;
s = 136.773;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -143611. 143611. L

L = 300.;
A = 1950
Du = H 0.119749 0 L
De = -0.000399164
s = 101.588;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.0010521.

e = 0.0010521;
s = 73.6468;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -143611. 143611. L

ij -43611.3
jj
jj 100000.
jj
jj
RI = jjj -200000.
jj
jj
-11
jjj 2.91038 10
j
k 143611.
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
0
jij
zy
jj 100000. zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
RE = jjjj -200000. zzzz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
j
z
k0
{

ij 100000.
jj
RI = jjjj -200000.
jj
-11
k 2.91038 10
ij 100000. yz
j
z
jj
zz
k0
{
RE = 223607.;
yz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
{
ij -0.0129467
yz
jj
zz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjjj 0.0129467
zz
jj
z
-11 z
k -2.91038 10 {
R = 0.0183094
20
Convergence parameter = 0
(iv) Load factor = 0

Iteration = 1
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1500
e = 0.000415345;
s = 29.0742;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 350000.

ij 350000.
z=j z
j
zj
k -350000. 350000. {k Du2 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-350000. 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
zj
z j z
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
350000.
L = 300.
Load factor = 0;
A = 600
Element state:
q = 0;
e = -0.00342134;
s = -93.9813;
Status = Loading
21
Internal force vector, r I = H 56388.8 -56388.8 L

s0 = -170.142;
sY = 200;
n = 10;
ACT L = 140000.
e0 = -0.00450934;
Using these parameters, CT = 69999.8;
140000.
-140000. yi Du2 y i 0 y
jij
zzjj
zz = jj zz
k -140000. 140000. {k Du3 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
490000.
-140000. 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
-140000. 140000.
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
0
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zj
z j z
0
0
0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
L = 300.
Load factor = 0;
A = 1050
q = 0;
e = 0.00195389;
Element state:
s = 136.773;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 245000.
-245000. yi Du3 y i 0 y
ij 245000.
zz = jj zz
j
zzjj
k -245000. 245000. {k Du4 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
-245000. 245000.
zj
z j z
0
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
q = 0;
e = 0.0010521;
L = 300.
A = 1950
s = 73.6468;
Status = Elastic
22

AEL = 455000.
-455000. yi Du4 y i 0 y
ij 455000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -455000. 455000. {k Du5 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz ij Du1 yz ij 0 yz
zz jj
z j z
zz jj Du2 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zzz jjj
zz jj zz
zz jj Du zzz = jjj 0 zzz
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zz jj 3 zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zj
z j z
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
j
K T = jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
k0 {
System of equations
ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zz
z
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz
z
0
0
-455000. 455000. {
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0
ij -43611.3
jj
jj 100000.
jj
jj
RI = jjj -200000.
jj
jj
jj 2.91038 10-11
jj
k 143611.
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
ij 43611.3
jj
jj -100000.
jj
jj
R = RE - RI = jjj 200000.
jj
jj
jj -2.91038 10-11
jj
k -143611.
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
yz ij Du1 yz jij 43611.3

z
zz jj
zz jj Du2 zzz jjjj -100000.
490000.
-140000. 0
0
zz j
zzz jjj
zz jj Du zzz = jjjj 200000.
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zzz jjj 3 zzz jjj
z
zj
0
-245000. 700000.
z jj
zj
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k -143611.
-350000. 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Du5
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
23

-140000. 0
yz ij Du2 yz ij -100000. yz
ij 490000.
z j
zz jj
z
jj
zz jj Du3 zzz = jjj 200000. zzz
jj -140000. 385000.
-245000.
zz jj
zz jj
zz
jj
z j
zj
z
j
-245000. 700000. { k Du4 { k 0
{
k0
8Du2 = -0.015154, Du3 = 0.661249, Du4 = 0.231437<

Du
1
-0.015154
0.661249
0.231437

Du
1
-0.015154
0.661249
0.231437
Total nodal values

u
1
0.10945
-0.240549
-0.084192

L = 300.;
A = 1500
Du = H 0 -0.015154 L

Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000364832.
De = -0.0000505132
s = 29.0742;
Status = Elastic
24

e = 0.000364832;
s = 25.5382;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -38307.4 38307.4 L

L = 300.;
A = 600
Du = H -0.015154 0.661249 L
De = 0.00225468
s = -93.9813;
Status = Loading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00116666.

E = 70000;
n = 10;
sY = 200;
s0 = -170.142;
Using Ramberg-Osgood equation with e = -0.00116666 we get s = 62.331

e = -0.00116666;
s = 62.331;
Status = Loading
r I = H -37398.6 37398.6 L

L = 300.;
A = 1050
Du = H 0.661249 0.231437 L
De = -0.00143271
s = 136.773;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000521189.

e = 0.000521189;
s = 36.4832;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -38307.4 38307.4 L

L = 300.;
A = 1950
Du = H 0.231437 0 L
De = -0.000771457
s = 73.6468;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00028064.

e = 0.00028064;
s = 19.6448;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -38307.4 38307.4 L
e0 = -0.00450934
25

-38307.4
jij
jj 908.759
jj
jj
j
RI = jjj -908.759
jj
jj
jj 1.45519 10-11
jj
k 38307.4
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
k0{

ij 908.759
jj
RI = jjjj -908.759
jj
-11
k 1.45519 10
RE = 0;
yz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
{
R = 1285.18
ij -908.759
yz
jj
zz
j
zz
908.759
R = RE - RI = jjj
zz
jj
z
-11 z
-1.45519
10
k
{
0
jij zyz
j
j
RE = jj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
k0 {
Convergence parameter = 1.65168 106
Iteration = 2
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1500
e = 0.000364832;
s = 25.5382;
AEL = 350000.
-350000. yi Du1 y i 0 y
ij 350000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -350000. 350000. {k Du2 { k 0 {

Status = Elastic
26
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-350000. 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
350000.
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
zj
z j z
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
L = 300.
Load factor = 0;
A = 600
Element state:
q = 0;
e = -0.00116666;
s = 62.331;

sY = 200;
s0 = -170.142;
e0 = -0.00450934;
131434.
-131434. yi Du2 y i 0 y
jij
zzjj
zz = jj zz
k -131434. 131434. {k Du3 { k 0 {
Status = Loading
n = 10;
ACT L = 131434.

350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
481434.
zz jj
zz jj zz
-131434. 131434.
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
0
zj
z j z
0
0
0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
L = 300.
Load factor = 0;
A = 1050
Element state:
q = 0;
e = 0.000521189;
s = 36.4832;
AEL = 245000.

ij 245000.
j
z=j z
zj
k -245000. 245000. {k Du4 { k 0 {

Status = Elastic
27
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
481434.
-131434. 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
-131434. 376434.
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
-245000. 245000.
zj
z j z
0
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
Load factor = 0;
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1950
e = 0.00028064;
Element state:
s = 19.6448;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 455000.
-455000. yi Du4 y i 0 y
ij 455000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -455000. 455000. {k Du5 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
zz jj
z j z
zzz jjj
zz jj zz
-131434. 376434.
-245000. 0
zzz jjj 3 zzz jjj zzz
zj
z j z
0
-245000. 700000.
zj
z j z
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
481434.
-131434. 0

350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
K T = jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
k0 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-131434. 376434.
-245000. 0
zz
zz
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz
z
0
0
-455000. 455000. {
-350000. 0
481434.
-131434. 0
ij -38307.4
jj
jj 908.759
jj
jj
RI = jjj -908.759
jj
jj
jj 1.45519 10-11
jj
k 38307.4
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
yz
ij 38307.4
zz
jj
zz
jj -908.759
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj 908.759
zz
jj
z
jj
-11 z
jj -1.45519 10 zzz
zz
jj
{
k -38307.4
28
System of equations
ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0

zyz
z
zz jj
zz
zz jj Du2 zzz jjjj -908.759
zz
481434.
-131434. 0
0
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
zz
z
z
j
zz jj Du3 zz = jjj 908.759
-131434. 376434.
-245000. 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
-11
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzz jjj Du4 zzz jj -1.45519 10 zzzz
zz
j
z j
zj
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k -38307.4
{
-350000. 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Du5

-131434. 0
ij 481434.
yz ij Du2 yz ij -908.759 yz
jj
z j
zz jj
z
jj -131434. 376434.
zz jj Du3 zzz = jjj 908.759 zzz
-245000.
jj
zz jj
z jj
zz
z
j
z j
zj
z
-245000. 700000. { k Du4 { k 0
k0
{
8Du2 = -0.00117975, Du3 = 0.00259285, Du4 = 0.000907497<

Du
1
-0.00117975
0.00259285
0.000907497

Du
1
-0.0163337
0.663842
0.232345
Total nodal values
29
u
1
0.10827
-0.237956
-0.0832845

L = 300.;
A = 1500
Du = H 0 -0.0163337 L
De = -0.0000544457
s = 29.0742;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.0003609.

e = 0.0003609;
s = 25.263;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -37894.5 37894.5 L

L = 300.;
A = 600
Du = H -0.0163337 0.663842 L
De = 0.00226725
s = -93.9813;
Status = Loading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00115409.

E = 70000;
n = 10;
sY = 200;
s0 = -170.142;
e0 = -0.00450934

e = -0.00115409;
s = 63.1566;
Status = Loading
r I = H -37894. 37894. L

L = 300.;
A = 1050
Du = H 0.663842 0.232345 L
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000515571.
De = -0.00143832
s = 136.773;
Status = Elastic
30

e = 0.000515571;
s = 36.09;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -37894.5 37894.5 L

L = 300.;
A = 1950
Du = H 0.232345 0 L
De = -0.000774482
s = 73.6468;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000277615.

e = 0.000277615;
s = 19.4331;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -37894.5 37894.5 L

-37894.5 y
z
jij
jj 0.488975 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
RI = jjjj -0.488975 zzzz;
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
j
k 37894.5 {

ij 0.488975 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k 0.
{
RE = 0;
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
k0{
ij 0 yz
j z
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
k0{
R = 0.691515
Iteration = 3
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
ij -0.488975 yz
j
z
R = RE - RI = jjjj 0.488975 zzzz
jj
zz
k 0.
{
31
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1500
e = 0.0003609;
s = 25.263;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 350000.
350000.
-350000. yi Du1 y i 0 y
jij
zzjj
zz = jj zz
k -350000. 350000. {k Du2 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-350000. 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj zz
zz jj
350000.
zz jj zz
zz jj
0
zz jj zz
zz jj
0
z j z
zj
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
L = 300.
Load factor = 0;
A = 600
Element state:
q = 0;
e = -0.00115409;
s = 63.1566;

sY = 200;
s0 = -170.142;
e0 = -0.00450934;
-131174. yi Du2 y i 0 y
ij 131174.
zz = jj zz
zzjj
j
k -131174. 131174. {k Du3 { k 0 {
ACT L = 131174.

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
-131174. 131174.
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
0
zj
z j z
0
0
0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
481174.
Status = Loading
n = 10;
32
L = 300.
Load factor = 0;
A = 1050
q = 0;
e = 0.000515571;
Element state:
s = 36.09;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 245000.
245000.
-245000. yi Du3 y i 0 y
jij
zzjj
zz = jj zz
k -245000. 245000. {k Du4 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj zz
zz jj
481174.
-131174. 0
zz jj zz
zz jj
-131174. 376174.
zz jj zz
zz jj
0
-245000. 245000.
z j z
zj
0
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
Load factor = 0;
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1950
e = 0.000277615;
Element state:
s = 19.4331;
AEL = 455000.
-455000. yi Du4 y i 0 y
ij 455000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -455000. 455000. {k Du5 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zz jj
z j z
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
-131174. 376174.
-245000. 0
zzz jjj Du3 zzz = jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
-245000. 700000.
zj
z j z
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
481174.
-131174. 0
Status = Elastic
33
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
K T = jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
k0 {
System of equations
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-131174. 376174.
-245000. 0
zz
zz
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz
z
0
0
-455000. 455000. {
-350000. 0
481174.
-131174. 0
-37894.5 y
z
jij
jj 0.488975 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
j
k 37894.5 {
37894.5 y
z
jij
jj -0.488975 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
j
k -37894.5 {
37894.5 y
Du
zyz jij 1 zyz jij
zz
z
j
z
z
j
z
j
z
j
481174.
-131174. 0
0
zz jj Du2 zz jj -0.488975 zzz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
j
z
j
zz jj Du3 zz = jj 0.488975 zzz
-131174. 376174.
-245000. 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z j
zj
zz
zz
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0.
z j
zj
zz
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k -37894.5 {
-350000. 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Du5

481174.
-131174. 0
Du
-0.488975 y
jij
zyz jij 2 zyz jij
zz
jj -131174. 376174.
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
-245000. zz jj Du3 zz = jj 0.488975 zzzz
jj
jj
zz jj
zz jj
zz
-245000. 700000. { k Du4 { k 0
k0
{
9Du2 = -6.35471 10-7 , Du3 = 1.39664 10-6 , Du4 = 4.88824 10-7 =
34
Du
1
-6.35471 10-7
1.39664 10-6
4.88824 10-7

Du
1
-0.0163343
0.663843
0.232345
Total nodal values

u
1
0.108269
-0.237954
-0.083284

L = 300.;
A = 1500
Du = H 0 -0.0163343 L
De = -0.0000544478
s = 29.0742;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000360898.

e = 0.000360898;
s = 25.2628;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -37894.2 37894.2 L

L = 300.;
A = 600
Du = H -0.0163343 0.663843 L
De = 0.00226726
s = -93.9813;
Status = Loading
35
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00115408.

E = 70000;
sY = 200;
n = 10;
s0 = -170.142;
e0 = -0.00450934

e = -0.00115408;
s = 63.1571;
Status = Loading
r I = H -37894.2 37894.2 L

L = 300.;
A = 1050
Du = H 0.663843 0.232345 L
De = -0.00143833
s = 136.773;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000515568.

e = 0.000515568;
s = 36.0898;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -37894.2 37894.2 L

L = 300.;
A = 1950
Du = H 0.232345 0 L
De = -0.000774484
s = 73.6468;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000277613.

e = 0.000277613;
s = 19.4329;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -37894.2 37894.2 L

ij -37894.2
yz
jj
z
jj 1.43191 10-7 zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
RI = jjjj -1.43191 10-7 zzzz;
jj
zz
jj
z
jj -7.27596 10-12 zzz
jj
zz
j
z
k 37894.2
{
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
k0{
36
ij 1.43191 10-7 yz
jj
zz
j
z
RI = jjj -1.43191 10-7 zzz;
jj
zz
j
-12 z
k -7.27596 10 {
RE = 0;
ij -1.43191 10-7
jj
j
R = RE - RI = jjj 1.43191 10-7
jj
j
-12
k 7.27596 10
0
jij zyz
j
j
RE = jj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
k0{
R = 2.02502 10-7
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
8.2
Analyze bar in Problem 8.1 assuming kinematic hardening model for the middle segment with the following data.
A = 600 mm2 , E = 70 GPa, H = 10 GPa, sY = 200 MPa
Consider a simple 4 element model. For the linearly varying sections, we compute the area of cross section
at nodes and assign the average area to the element. Use N - mm units.
u1
u2
u3
u4
u5
Areas at nodes
82400, 600, 600, 1500, 2400<
Average area for each element
37
81500, 600, 1050, 1950<

Node
dof
Value
Du2
200000
Du3
-400000
(i) Load factor = 1

Iteration = 1
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
Load factor = 1;
Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1500
e = 0;
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 350000.

ij 350000.
zj
j
z=j z
k -350000. 350000. {k Du2 { k 0 {

38
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-350000. 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
350000.
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz
0
zz
zj
z j
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
L = 300.
Load factor = 1;
A = 600
Element state:
q = 0;
e = 0;
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Elastic-Plastic model: E = 70000;

H = 10000;
CT = 70000;
ACT L = 140000.
Et = 8750.;
-140000. yi Du2 y i 0 y
ij 140000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -140000. 140000. {k Du3 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-140000. 140000.
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -400000 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0
0
zzz
zj
z j
0
0
0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0
490000.
L = 300.
Load factor = 1;
A = 1050
Element state:
q = 0;
e = 0;
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 245000.
245000.
-245000. yi Du3 y i 0 y
zzjj
jij
zz = jj zz
k -245000. 245000. {k Du4 { k 0 {

39
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
490000.
-140000. 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-140000. 385000.
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz
0
-245000. 245000.
zz
zj
z j
0
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0
Load factor = 1;
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1950
e = 0;
Element state:
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 455000.
-455000. yi Du4 y i 0 y
ij 455000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -455000. 455000. {k Du5 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
zz jj
z
z j
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
zz jj Du zz = jj -400000 zzz
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zzz jjj 3 zzz jjj
zzz
zj
zz
z j
0
-245000. 700000.
zzz
zj
z
z j
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0

350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
K T = jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
yz
ij 0
z
jj
jj 200000 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
z
j
{
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zz
zz
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz
z
0
0
-455000. 455000. {
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
RI = jjjj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
k0 {
yz
ij 0
z
jj
jj 200000 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
R = RE - RI = jjjj -400000 zzzz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
z
j
{
k0
40
System of equations
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
Du
zyz jij 1 zyz jij
zyz
z
z
j
z
j
z
z
j
j
490000.
-140000. 0
0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z j
zj
zz
zz
0
-245000. 700000.
z j
zj
zz
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Du5

-140000. 0
ij 490000.
jj
z j
zz jj
z
jj -140000. 385000.
zz jj Du3 zzz = jjj -400000. zzz
-245000.
jj
zz jj
zz jj
zz
j
z j
zj
z
-245000. 700000. { k Du4 { k 0
k0
{
8Du2 = 0.0303072, Du3 = -1.3225, Du4 = -0.462874<

Du
1
0.0303072
-1.3225
-0.462874

Du
1
0.0303072
-1.3225
-0.462874
Total nodal values
41
u
1
0.0303072
-1.3225
-0.462874

L = 300.;
A = 1500
Du = H 0 0.0303072 L
De = 0.000101024
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000101024.

e = 0.000101024;
s = 7.07168;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -10607.5 10607.5 L

L = 300.;
A = 600
Du = H 0.0303072 -1.3225 L
s = 0;
De = -0.00450934
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00450934.

Kinematic hardening: E = 70000;
Et = 8750.;
ep = 0;
Ds = E De = -315.654;
H = 10000;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = -315.654
sY - s - a
s - a > sY , Compute b =
= 0.633605
s - s-a
Element status changed from Elastic to Yielded.

With b = 0.633605
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = -214.457
E +H
1- b
De = -0.00144568
New ep = ep +
1 + HE
sY = 200
42

e = -0.00450934;
s = -214.457;
Status = Yielded
r I = H 128674. -128674. L

L = 300.;
A = 1050
Du = H -1.3225 -0.462874 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00286541
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00286541.

e = 0.00286541;
s = 200.579;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -210608. 210608. L

L = 300.;
A = 1950
Du = H -0.462874 0 L
De = 0.00154291
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00154291.

e = 0.00154291;
s = 108.004;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -210608. 210608. L

yz
ij -10607.5
zz
jj
zz
jj 139282.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz;
j
RI = jj -339282.
zz
jj
z
jj
-11 z
jj -5.82077 10 zzz
zz
jj
{
k 210608.
ij 0
yz
jj
z
jj 200000 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
RE = jjj -400000 zzzz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jjj
zzz
k0
{
43
139282.
jij
zyz
jj -339282.
zz
zz;
RI = jjj
zz
jj
-11 z
k -5.82077 10 {
ij 200000 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k0
{
RE = 200000
!!!!
5;
ij 60718.4
jj
R = RE - RI = jjjj -60718.4
jj
-11
k 5.82077 10
R = 85868.8
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
Iteration = 2
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
Load factor = 1;
Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1500
e = 0.000101024;
s = 7.07168;
AEL = 350000.
-350000. yi Du1 y i 0 y
ij 350000.
zz = jj zz
zzjj
j
k -350000. 350000. {k Du2 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-350000. 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj
zz
0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
0
zz
z j
zj
z
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
350000.
Status = Elastic
44
L = 300.
Load factor = 1;
A = 600
q = 0;
e = -0.00450934;
Element state:
s = -214.457;

ACT L = 17500.

CT = 8750.;
H = 10000;
Status = Yielded
Et = 8750.;
-17500. yi Du2 y i 0 y
ij 17500.
zz = jj zz
zzjj
j
k -17500. 17500. {k Du3 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-350000. 0
367500.
0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj -400000 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zj
z
z j
0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-17500. 0
-17500.
17500.
L = 300.
Load factor = 1;
A = 1050
q = 0;
e = 0.00286541;
Element state:
s = 200.579;
AEL = 245000.
245000.
-245000. yi Du3 y i 0 y
jij
zzjj
zz = jj zz
k -245000. 245000. {k Du4 { k 0 {

350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
-17500. 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
262500.
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
-245000. 245000.
zz
zj
z
z j
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0
367500.
-17500.
0
0
Status = Elastic
45
Load factor = 1;
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1950
e = 0.00154291;
Element state:
s = 108.004;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 455000.
455000.
-455000. yi Du4 y i 0 y
jij
zzjj
zz = jj zz
k -455000. 455000. {k Du5 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
z j
zz jj
z
-17500. 0
0
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
zz jj Du zz = jj -400000 zzz
262500.
-245000. 0
zzz jjj 3 zzz jjj
zzz
z j
zj
zz
-245000. 700000.
zzz
z j
zj
z
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 0
{
-350000. 0
367500.
-17500.
0
0

350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
K T = jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
ij 0
yz
jj
z
jj 200000 zzz
jj
zz
j
z
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
j
z
0
k
{
-17500.
0
0
367500.
-17500.
0
-10607.5
zyz
jij
zz
jj 139282.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj -339282.
RI = jj
zz;
zz
jj
jj
-11 z
jj -5.82077 10 zzz
zz
jj
{
k 210608.
10607.5
jij
jj 60718.4
jj
jj
j
R = RE - RI = jjj -60718.4
jj
jj
jj 5.82077 10-11
jj
k -210608.
10607.5
Du
zyz jij 1 zyz ijjj
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
-17500. 0
0
zz jj Du2 zz jjj 60718.4
z
zz jj
zz jj Du zzz = jjjj -60718.4
262500.
-245000. 0
zz jj 3 zz jj
zz j
zz jj
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 5.82077 10-11
z jj
zj
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k -210608.
-350000. 0
-17500.
367500.
System of equations
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
262500.
-245000. 0
zz
zz
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz
z
0
-455000. 455000. {
-350000. 0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
46

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Du5

ij 367500. -17500. 0
yz ij Du2 yz ij 60718.4 yz
jj
z j
zz jj
z
jj -17500. 262500.
zz jj Du3 zzz = jjj -60718.4 zzz
-245000.
jj
zz jj
zz jj
zz
j
z j
zj
z
-245000. 700000. { k Du4 { k 0
k0
{
8Du2 = 0.149567, Du3 = -0.328719, Du4 = -0.115051<

Du
1
0.149567
-0.328719
-0.115051

Du
1
0.179874
-1.65121
-0.577925
Total nodal values

u
1
0.179874
-1.65121
-0.577925
47
L = 300.;
A = 1500
Du = H 0 0.179874 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00059958
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00059958.

e = 0.00059958;
s = 41.9706;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -62955.9 62955.9 L

L = 300.;
A = 600
Du = H 0.179874 -1.65121 L
De = -0.00610363
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00610363.

p
Et = 8750.;
e = 0;
H = 10000;
sY = 200
a=0
Ds = E De = -427.254;
s = Prev s + Ds = -427.254
sY - s - a
= 0.468106
s - s-a

With b = 0.468106
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = -228.407
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = -0.00284068
1 + HE

e = -0.00610363;
s = -228.407;
Status = Yielded
r I = H 137044. -137044. L

L = 300.;
A = 1050
Du = H -1.65121 -0.577925 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00357763
Status = Elastic
48
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00357763.

e = 0.00357763;
s = 250.434;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -262956. 262956. L

L = 300.;
A = 1950
Du = H -0.577925 0 L
De = 0.00192642
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00192642.

e = 0.00192642;
s = 134.849;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -262956. 262956. L

ij -62955.9 yz
z
jj
jj 200000. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
RI = jjj -400000. zzzz;
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
k 262956. {
yz
ij 0
z
jj
jj 200000 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
RE = jjj -400000 zzzz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
z
j
{
k0

200000. y
jij
zz
j
j
RI = jj -400000. zzzz;
jj
zz
k 0.
{
!!!!
RE = 200000 5 ;
200000 y
jij
zz
j
j
RE = jj -400000 zzzz;
jj
zz
k0
{
R = 0.
0.
jij zyz
j
j
R = RE - RI = jj 0. zzzz
jj zz
k 0. {
(ii) Load factor = 0

Iteration = 1
49
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1500
e = 0.00059958;
s = 41.9706;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 350000.
-350000. yi Du1 y i 0 y
ij 350000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -350000. 350000. {k Du2 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-350000. 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
zj
z j z
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
350000.
L = 300.
Load factor = 0;
A = 600
Element state:
q = 0;
e = -0.00610363;
s = -228.407;

ACT L = 17500.

CT = 8750.;
H = 10000;
17500.
-17500. yi Du2 y i 0 y
zzjj
jij
zz = jj zz
k -17500. 17500. {k Du3 { k 0 {

Status = Yielded
Et = 8750.;
50
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-350000. 0
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
367500.
-17500. 0
-17500.
17500.
L = 300.
Load factor = 0;
A = 1050
q = 0;
e = 0.00357763;
Element state:
s = 250.434;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 245000.
-245000. yi Du3 y i 0 y
ij 245000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -245000. 245000. {k Du4 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
262500.
zz jj
zz jj zz
-245000. 245000.
zj
z j z
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
367500.
-17500.
0
0
-17500.
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1950
e = 0.00192642;
s = 134.849;
AEL = 455000.
-455000. yi Du4 y i 0 y
ij 455000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -455000. 455000. {k Du5 { k 0 {

Status = Elastic
51
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
Du
z
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
-17500. 0
0
zzz jjj
zzz jjj zzz
zz jj Du3 zz = jj 0 zz
262500.
-245000. 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
-245000. 700000.
zj
z j z
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
367500.
-17500.
0
0

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
j
K T = jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
k0 {
-17500.
0
0
-17500.
ij -62955.9 yz
z
jj
jj 200000. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
RI = jjj -400000. zzzz;
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
k 262956. {
System of equations
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
262500.
-245000. 0
zz
z
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz
z
0
-455000. 455000. {
-350000. 0
367500.
367500.
0
0
ij 62955.9 yz
z
jj
jj -200000. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
R = RE - RI = jjj 400000. zzzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
k -262956. {
62955.9 y
Du
zyz jij 1 yzz jij
zz
z
j
z
z
j
z
j
z
j
-17500. 0
0
zz jj Du2 zz jj -200000. zzz
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
zz jj Du3 zz = jj 400000. zzz
262500.
-245000. 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z j
zj
zz
zz
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0.
z j
zj
zz
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k -262956. {
-350000. 0
-17500.

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Du5

ij 367500. -17500. 0
yz ij Du2 yz ij -200000. yz
jj
z j
zz jj
z
jj -17500. 262500.
zz jj Du3 zzz = jjj 400000. zzz
-245000.
jj
zz jj
zz jj
zz
j
z j
zj
z
-245000. 700000. { k Du4 { k 0
k0
{
8Du2 = -0.438519, Du3 = 2.21967, Du4 = 0.776883<
52

Du
1
-0.438519
2.21967
0.776883

Du
1
-0.438519
2.21967
0.776883
Total nodal values

u
1
-0.258645
0.568451
0.198958

L = 300.;
A = 1500
Du = H 0 -0.438519 L
De = -0.00146173
s = 41.9706;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.000862151.

e = -0.000862151;
s = -60.3505;
Status = Elastic
r I = H 90525.8 -90525.8 L

L = 300.;
A = 600
Du = H -0.438519 2.21967 L
De = 0.00886062
53
s = -228.407;
Status = Yielded
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00275699.

H = 10000;
ep = -0.00284068;
Et = 8750.;
Ds = E De = 620.243;
sY = 200
a = -28.4068
s = Prev s + Ds = 391.836
s Ds<0 Unloading, set b = 1

Element status changed from Yielded to Elastic.
With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 391.836
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = -0.00284068
1 + HE

e = 0.00275699;
s = 391.836;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -235102. 235102. L

L = 300.;
Du = H 2.21967
A = 1050
0.776883 L
De = -0.00480928
s = 250.434;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00123164.

e = -0.00123164;
s = -86.2151;
Status = Elastic
r I = H 90525.8 -90525.8 L

L = 300.;
A = 1950
Du = H 0.776883 0 L
De = -0.00258961
s = 134.849;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.000663193.

e = -0.000663193;
s = -46.4235;
Status = Elastic
54
r I = H 90525.8 -90525.8 L

ij 90525.8
jj
jj -325628.
jj
jj
RI = jjj 325628.
jj
jj
-11
jjj 2.91038 10
j
k -90525.8
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
k0{

ij -325628.
jj
RI = jjjj 325628.
jj
-11
k 2.91038 10
RE = 0;
yz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
{
R = 460507.
ij 325628.
yz
jj
zz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjjj -325628.
zz
jj
z
-11 z
k -2.91038 10 {
ij 0 yz
j z
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
k0 {
Iteration = 2
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1500
e = -0.000862151;
s = -60.3505;
AEL = 350000.
-350000. yi Du1 y i 0 y
ij 350000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -350000. 350000. {k Du2 { k 0 {

Status = Elastic
55
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-350000. 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
350000.
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
zj
z j z
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
L = 300.
Load factor = 0;
A = 600
Element state:
q = 0;
e = 0.00275699;
s = 391.836;

H = 10000;
CT = 70000;
ACT L = 140000.
Status = Elastic
Et = 8750.;
-140000. yi Du2 y i 0 y
ij 140000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -140000. 140000. {k Du3 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
-140000. 140000.
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
0
zj
z j z
0
0
0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
490000.
L = 300.
Load factor = 0;
A = 1050
Element state:
q = 0;
e = -0.00123164;
s = -86.2151;
AEL = 245000.
245000.
-245000. yi Du3 y i 0 y
zzjj
jij
zz = jj zz
k -245000. 245000. {k Du4 { k 0 {

Status = Elastic
56
350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
490000.
-140000. 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
-140000. 385000.
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
-245000. 245000.
zj
z j z
0
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
Load factor = 0;
L = 300.
q = 0;
A = 1950
e = -0.000663193;
Element state:
s = -46.4235;
Status = Elastic
AEL = 455000.
-455000. yi Du4 y i 0 y
ij 455000.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
j
k -455000. 455000. {k Du5 { k 0 {

ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
zz jj
z j z
zzz jjj
zz jj zz
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zj
z j z
0
-245000. 700000.
zj
z j z
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 0 {
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0

350000.
jij
jj -350000.
jj
jj
K T = jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
k0 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zz
zz
0
-245000. 700000.
-455000. zzzz
z
0
0
-455000. 455000. {
-350000. 0
490000.
-140000. 0
ij 90525.8
jj
jj -325628.
jj
jj
RI = jjj 325628.
jj
jj
jj 2.91038 10-11
jj
k -90525.8
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
ij -90525.8
jj
jj 325628.
jj
jj
R = RE - RI = jjj -325628.
jj
jj
jj -2.91038 10-11
jj
k 90525.8
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
57
System of equations
ij 350000.
jj
jj -350000.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz ij Du1 yz jij -90525.8

z
zz jj
zz jj Du2 zzz jjjj 325628.
490000.
-140000. 0
0
zz j
zzz jjj
zz jj Du zzz = jjjj -325628.
-140000. 385000.
-245000. 0
zzz jjj 3 zzz jjj
z
zj
0
-245000. 700000.
z jj
zj
0
0
-455000. 455000. { k Du5 { k 90525.8
-350000. 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Du5

-140000. 0
ij 490000.
jj
z j
zz jj
z
jj -140000. 385000.
zz jj Du3 zzz = jjj -325628. zzz
-245000.
jj
zz jj
z jj
zz
z
j
z j
zj
z
-245000. 700000. { k Du4 { k 0
k0
{
8Du2 = 0.408212, Du3 = -0.897169, Du4 = -0.314009<

Du
1
0.408212
-0.897169
-0.314009

Du
1
-0.0303072
1.3225
0.462874
Total nodal values
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
58
u
1
0.149567
-0.328719
-0.115051

L = 300.;
A = 1500
Du = H 0 -0.0303072 L
De = -0.000101024
s = 41.9706;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000498556.

e = 0.000498556;
s = 34.8989;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -52348.4 52348.4 L

L = 300.;
A = 600
Du = H -0.0303072 1.3225 L
De = 0.00450934
s = -228.407;
Status = Yielded
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00159428.

Et = 8750.;
ep = -0.00284068;
Ds = E De = 315.654;
H = 10000;
sY = 200
a = -28.4068
s = Prev s + Ds = 87.2474

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 87.2474
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = -0.00284068
1 + HE

e = -0.00159428;
s = 87.2474;
Status = Elastic
59
r I = H -52348.4 52348.4 L

L = 300.;
A = 1050
Du = H 1.3225 0.462874 L
De = -0.00286541
s = 250.434;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000712223.

e = 0.000712223;
s = 49.8556;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -52348.4 52348.4 L

L = 300.;
A = 1950
Du = H 0.462874 0 L
De = -0.00154291
s = 134.849;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000383505.

e = 0.000383505;
s = 26.8453;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -52348.4 52348.4 L

ij -52348.4
yz
jj
z
jj 6.54836 10-11 zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
RI = jjjj -3.63798 10-11 zzzz;
jj
zz
jjj -1.45519 10-11 zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
k 52348.4
{
ij 6.54836 10-11 yz
zz
jj
z
j
RI = jjj -3.63798 10-11 zzz;
zz
jj
j
-11 z
k -1.45519 10 {
RE = 0;
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
RE = jjjj 0 zzzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
k0{
0
jij zyz
j
j
RE = jj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
k0{
R = 7.63109 10-11
ij -6.54836 10-11 yz
zz
jj
z
j
R = RE - RI = jjj 3.63798 10-11 zzz
zz
jj
j
-11 z
{
k 1.45519 10
60
8.3
Determine axial stress distribution in a bar that is rotating at 1000 rpm as shown in the Figure 8.22. The
problem can be treated as one dimensional with the governing differential equation as follows.
d
du
IEA
M + r A x w2 = 0; 0 < x < L
dx
dx
duHLL
= 0
uH0L = 0; EA
dx
where x is coordinate along the axis of the bar, uHxL is the axial displacement, L = length of the bar, E =
Young's modulus, A = area of cross-section, r = mass density and w = angular velocity in rad/s.
L = 80 cm; E = 200 GPa; A = 250 mm2 ; r = 7850 kg m 3
Ramberg-Osgood model: sY = 250 Mpa, n = 10
Figure 8.22.
Rotating bar
The inertia term represents distributed load qHxL = r A x w2 that varies over an element's length. Formally
the equivalent load load vector is obtained as follows.
rq = x 2 N q dx = x 2 N r A x w2 dx
x
x-x2
x-x2
x- x1
x- x1
N1 =
= -
; N2 =
=
x -x
L
x -x
L
1
Carrying out integration we get
61
rq =
16
ij -2 x21 + x1 x2 + x22 yz
zz
r A w jjj
2
2 z
x
x
x
+
2
x
1 2
k
1
2 {
2
Using this load vector we solve the problem using a 4 element model. Use N - mm units.
u1
u2
u3
u4
u5
(i) Load factor = 1

Iteration = 1
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
Load factor = 1;
Element state:
L = 20.
q = q;
e = 0;
A = 250
s = 0;

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
Status = Elastic
sY = 250;
ACT L = 2.5 106
n = 10;
62
6
jij 2.5 10
jj
6
k -2.5 10
-2.5 106 zyi Du1 y i 1434.75 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
2.5 106 {k Du2 { k 2869.5 {

2.5
jij
jj -2.5
jj
jj
106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.5
2.5
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 2869.5 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
0 0 0 zz jj Du4 zz jj 0
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
Element nodes = H 20.

Load factor = 1;
Element state:
40. L;
L = 20.
q = q;
e = 0;
A = 250
s = 0;
Status = Elastic

s0 = 0;
sY = 250;
e0 = 0;
ACT L = 2.5 106

ij 2.5 106
jj
j
6
k -2.5 10
n = 10;
-2.5 106 yzij Du2 yz ij 5738.99 yz

zzj
z=j
z
z
2.5 106 {k Du3 { k 7173.74 {

ij 2.5
jj
jj -2.5
jj
j
106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.5
5.
-2.5
0
0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-2.5 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 8608.49 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
2.5
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj 7173.74 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0
zz
zj
z
z j
0
0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
0

Load factor = 1;
Element state:
60. L;
q = q;
e = 0;
L = 20.
A = 250
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
63

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
sY = 250;
ACT L = 2.5 106

ij 2.5 106
jj
j
6
k -2.5 10
n = 10;
-2.5 106 yzi Du3 y i 10043.2 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
2.5 106 {k Du4 { k 11478. {

ij 2.5
jj
jj -2.5
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.5
5.
-2.5
0
0
0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 8608.49 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
5.
-2.5 0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj 17217. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-2.5 2.5
zj
z
z j
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
0
-2.5 0
80. L;
Load factor = 1;
L = 20.
q = q;
e = 0;
Element state:
A = 250
s = 0;
Status = Elastic

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;

ij 2.5 106
jj
j
6
k -2.5 10
sY = 250;
ACT L = 2.5 106
-2.5 106 yzi Du4 y i 14347.5 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
2.5 106 {k Du5 { k 15782.2 {

2.5
jij
jj -2.5
jj
jj
106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.5
5.
-2.5
0
0
1434.75 y
Du
zyz jij 1 zyz jij
zz
z
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
-2.5 0
0
zz jj Du2 zz jj 8608.49 zzz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
5.
-2.5 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zj
z j
z
-2.5 5.
-2.5 zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 25825.5 zzzz
zj
z j
z
0
-2.5 2.5 { k Du5 { k 15782.2 {
0
n = 10;
64
2.5
jij
jj -2.5
jj
jj
K T = 106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.5 0
-2.5 5.
-2.5
-2.5 5.
System of equations
-2.5
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
RI = jjjj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
k0{
-2.5
-2.5 5.
0
-2.5
1434.75 y
z
jij
jj 8608.49 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
R = RE - RI = jjjj 17217. zzzz
z
jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 15782.2 {
1434.75 y
Du
zyz jij 1 zyz jij
zz
z
z
j
j
z
z
z
j
j
0
0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
-2.5 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z j
zj
z
5.
z j
zj
z
-2.5 2.5 { k Du5 { k 15782.2 {
-2.5 0
5.
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
-2.5 zzzz
z
2.5 {
0
-2.5 0
5.
1434.75 y
z
jij
jj 8608.49 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
RE = jjjj 17217. zzzz;
z
jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 15782.2 {
2.5
jij
jj -2.5
jj
jj
106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Remove 81< rows and columns.

ij 5.
jj
jj -2.5
106 jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
-2.5
5.
-2.5
0
zz jj
z
z j
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
5.
-2.5 zzz jjj Du4 zzz jjj 25825.5 zzzz
zj
z
z j
-2.5 2.5 { k Du5 { k 15782.2 {
0
-2.5 0
8Du2 = 0.0269733, Du3 = 0.0505031, Du4 = 0.0671462, Du5 = 0.0734591<
65
Du
1
0.0269733
0.0505031
0.0671462
0.0734591

Du
1
0.0269733
0.0505031
0.0671462
0.0734591
Total nodal values

u
1
0.0269733
0.0505031
0.0671462
0.0734591

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0 0.0269733 L
De = 0.00134866
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00134866.

E = 200000;
n = 10;
sY = 250;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0
Using Ramberg-Osgood equation with e = 0.00134866 we get s = 227.679

e = 0.00134866;
s = 227.679;
Status = Loading
r I = H -56919.8 56919.8 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0269733 0.0505031 L
De = 0.00117649
66
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00117649.

E = 200000;
n = 10;
sY = 250;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

e = 0.00117649;
s = 213.348;
Status = Loading
r I = H -53337. 53337. L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0505031 0.0671462 L
s = 0;
De = 0.000832154
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000832154.

E = 200000;
n = 10;
sY = 250;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

e = 0.000832154;
s = 164.773;
Status = Loading
r I = H -41193.3 41193.3 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0671462 0.0734591 L
s = 0;
De = 0.000315645
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000315645.

E = 200000;
n = 10;
sY = 250;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

e = 0.000315645;
s = 63.1288;
Status = Loading
r I = H -15782.2 15782.2 L

67
-56919.8 y
z
jij
jj 3582.85 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
RI = jjjj 12143.7 zzzz;
z
jj
jj 25411.1 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 15782.2 {
1434.75 y
z
jij
jj 8608.49 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
RE = jjjj 17217. zzzz
z
jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 15782.2 {

ij 3582.85 yz
jj
z
jj 12143.7 zzz
zz;
RI = jjjj
z
jj 25411.1 zzz
jj
zz
k 15782.2 {
RE = 35868.7;
ij 8608.49 yz
jj
z
jj 17217. zzz
zz;
RE = jjjj
z
jj 25825.5 zzz
jj
zz
k 15782.2 {
ij 5025.64 yz
jj
z
jj 5073.32 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjjj
z
jj 414.327 zzz
jj
zz
k 0.0282344 {
R = 7153.13
Iteration = 2
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
Load factor = 1;
Element state:
L = 20.
q = q;
A = 250
e = 0.00134866;
s = 227.679;

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
sY = 250;
ACT L = 878105.
-878105. yi Du1 y i 1434.75 y

ij 878105.
zzjj
zz = jj
zz
j
k -878105. 878105. {k Du2 { k 2869.5 {

Status = Loading
n = 10;
68
0.878105
jij
jj -0.878105
jj
jj
106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-0.878105 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y

zz jj
zz
zz jj
0.878105
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0
zz
zj
z
z j
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{

Load factor = 1;
40. L;
L = 20.
q = q;
A = 250
e = 0.00117649;
Element state:
s = 213.348;

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
sY = 250;
n = 10;
ACT L = 1.23221 106

6
jij 1.23221 10
jj
6
k -1.23221 10
Status = Loading
-1.23221 106 yzi Du2 y i 5738.99 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
1.23221 106 {k Du3 { k 7173.74 {

ij 0.878105
jj
jj -0.878105
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-0.878105 0
2.11032
-1.23221 0
-1.23221
1.23221

Load factor = 1;
Element state:
0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 zzzz jjjj Du3 zzzz = jjjj 7173.74 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zj
z
z j
0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
60. L;
L = 20.
q = q;
e = 0.000832154;
A = 250
s = 164.773;

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;

ij 2.27151 106
jj
j
6
k -2.27151 10
sY = 250;
ACT L = 2.27151 106
-2.27151 106 yzi Du3 y i 10043.2 y

zz = jj
zz
zzjj
z
2.27151 106 {k Du4 { k 11478. {
Status = Loading
n = 10;
69

ij 0.878105
jj
jj -0.878105
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz jj
zz
-1.23221 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
3.50373
zz jj
zz jj
zz
-2.27151 2.27151
zj
z j
z
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-0.878105 0
2.11032
-1.23221
0
0
80. L;
Load factor = 1;
L = 20.
q = q;
A = 250
e = 0.000315645;
Element state:
s = 63.1288;
Status = Loading

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
ij 2.49996 106
jj
j
6
k -2.49996 10
sY = 250;
n = 10;
ACT L = 2.49996 106
-2.49996 106 yzi Du4 y i 14347.5 y

zz = jj
zz
zzjj
z
2.49996 106 {k Du5 { k 15782.2 {

ij 0.878105
jj
jj -0.878105
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zz jj
z
z j
zz jj Du2 zzz jjj 8608.49 zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
3.50373
-2.27151 0
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
z
-2.27151 4.77147
zj
z
z j
0
-2.49996 2.49996 { k Du5 { k 15782.2 {
-0.878105 0
2.11032
-1.23221
0
0
-1.23221 0

ij 0.878105
jj
jj -0.878105
jj
6j
K T = 10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
3.50373
-2.27151 0
zz
z
-2.27151 4.77147
-2.49996 zzzz
z
0
-2.49996 2.49996 {
-0.878105 0
2.11032
-1.23221
0
0
-1.23221 0
70
1434.75 y
z
jij
jj 8608.49 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 15782.2 {
-56919.8 y
z
jij
jj 3582.85 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 25411.1 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 15782.2 {
System of equations
0.878105
jij
jj -0.878105
jj
jj
106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
58354.6 y
Du
zyz jij 1 zyz jij
zz
z
z
j
j
z
z
z
j
j
-1.23221 0
0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz jj Du3 zz = jj 5073.32 zzz
3.50373
-2.27151 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z j
zj
z
-2.27151 4.77147
z j
zj
z
0
-2.49996 2.49996 { k Du5 { k 0.0282344 {
-0.878105 0
2.11032
-1.23221
0
0
58354.6 y
z
jij
jj 5025.64 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 414.327 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 0.0282344 {

Node
dof
Value
Du1

ij 2.11032
jj
j -1.23221
6j
10 jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
zz jj
z
z j
zz
zzz jjj
zzz = jjj
z
-2.27151 4.77147
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0
-2.49996 2.49996 { k Du5 { k 0.0282344 {
-1.23221 0
3.50373
-2.27151 0
8Du2 = 0.0119727, Du3 = 0.0164262, Du4 = 0.0166087, Du5 = 0.0166087<

Du
1
0.0119727
0.0164262
0.0166087
0.0166087
71
Du
1
0.038946
0.0669294
0.0837549
0.0900678
Total nodal values

u
1
0.038946
0.0669294
0.0837549
0.0900678

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0 0.038946 L
s = 0;
De = 0.0019473
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.0019473.

E = 200000;
n = 10;
sY = 250;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

e = 0.0019473;
s = 255.624;
Status = Loading
r I = H -63905.9 63905.9 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.038946 0.0669294 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00139917
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00139917.

E = 200000;
n = 10;
sY = 250;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0
72

e = 0.00139917;
s = 231.074;
Status = Loading
r I = H -57768.4 57768.4 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0669294 0.0837549 L
s = 0;
De = 0.000841275
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000841275.

E = 200000;
n = 10;
sY = 250;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

e = 0.000841275;
s = 166.424;
Status = Loading
r I = H -41605.9 41605.9 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0837549 0.0900678 L
s = 0;
De = 0.000315645
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000315645.

E = 200000;
n = 10;
sY = 250;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

e = 0.000315645;
s = 63.1289;
Status = Loading
r I = H -15782.2 15782.2 L

ij -63905.9 yz
jj
z
jj 6137.53 zzz
jjj
zzz
jj
z
jj 25823.7 zzz
jj
zz
j
z
15782.2
k
{
ij 1434.75 yz
jj
z
jj 8608.49 zzz
jjj
zzz
jj
z
jj 25825.5 zzz
jj
zz
j
z
15782.2
k
{
73

ij 6137.53 yz
jj
z
jj 16162.4 zzz
zz;
RI = jjjj
zz
jjj 25823.7 zzz
j
z
k 15782.2 {
RE = 35868.7;
yz
ij 2470.96
zz
jj
zz
jj 1054.54
zz
j
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj
zz
jj 1.74594
zz
jj
j
-12 z
k -7.27596 10 {
ij 8608.49 yz
jj
z
jj 17217. zzz
zz;
RE = jjjj
zz
jjj 25825.5 zzz
j
z
k 15782.2 {
R = 2686.58
Iteration = 3
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
Load factor = 1;
Element state:
L = 20.
q = q;
A = 250
e = 0.0019473;
s = 255.624;

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
sY = 250;
ACT L = 400919.
-400919. yi Du1 y i 1434.75 y

ij 400919.
zzjj
zz
zz = jj
j
-400919.
400919.
{k Du2 { k 2869.5 {
k

ij 0.400919
jj
jj -0.400919
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-0.400919 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y

zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zzz
0
zz
zj
z j
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
0.400919
Status = Loading
n = 10;
74
Load factor = 1;
40. L;
L = 20.
q = q;
A = 250
e = 0.00139917;
Element state:
s = 231.074;

s0 = 0;
sY = 250;
Status = Loading
n = 10;
ACT L = 803817.
e0 = 0;
-803817. yi Du2 y i 5738.99 y

ij 803817.
zzjj
zz = jj
zz
j
k -803817. 803817. {k Du3 { k 7173.74 {

0.400919
jij
jj -0.400919
jj
jj
106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
1.20474
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-0.803817 0.803817
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz
0
0
zz
zj
z j
0
0
0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-0.400919 0

Load factor = 1;
Element state:
60. L;
L = 20.
q = q;
e = 0.000841275;
A = 250
s = 166.424;

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;

ij 2.2522 106
jj
j
6
k -2.2522 10
sY = 250;
ACT L = 2.2522 106
-2.2522 106 yzi Du3 y i 10043.2 y

zz = jj
zz
zzjj
z
2.2522 106 {k Du4 { k 11478. {

Status = Loading
n = 10;
75
0.400919
jij
jj -0.400919
jj
jj
106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
1.20474
-0.803817 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-0.803817 3.05601
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0
-2.2522
2.2522
zj
z
z j
0
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-0.400919 0
80. L;
Load factor = 1;
L = 20.
q = q;
A = 250
e = 0.000315645;
Element state:
s = 63.1289;

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
6
jij 2.49996 10
jj
6
k -2.49996 10
sY = 250;
Status = Loading
n = 10;
ACT L = 2.49996 106
-2.49996 106 yzi Du4 y i 14347.5 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
2.49996 106 {k Du5 { k 15782.2 {

ij 0.400919
jj
jj -0.400919
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zz jj
z
z j
1.20474
-0.803817 0
0
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
zz jj Du zz = jj 17217. zzz
-0.803817 3.05601
-2.2522 0
zz
zzz jjj 3 zzz jjj
zz
zj
z j
0
-2.2522
4.75215
zj
z
z j
0
0
-2.49996 2.49996 { k Du5 { k 15782.2 {
-0.400919 0

0.400919
jij
jj -0.400919
jj
jj
K T = 106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
ij 1434.75 yz
jj
z
jj 8608.49 zzz
jjj
zzz
jj
z
jj 25825.5 zzz
jj
zz
j
z
15782.2
k
{
-0.400919 0
1.20474
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-2.2522 0
zz
zz
4.75215
-2.49996 zzzz
z
-2.49996 2.49996 {
0
-0.803817 0
-0.803817 3.05601
0
-2.2522
ij -63905.9 yz
jj
z
jj 6137.53 zzz
jjj
zzz
jj
z
jj 25823.7 zzz
jj
zz
j
z
15782.2
k
{
65340.7
yz
jij
zz
jj 2470.96
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 1054.54
zz
R = RE - RI = jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 1.74594
zz
jj
zz
jj
-12 z
k -7.27596 10 {
76
System of equations
ij 0.400919
jj
jj -0.400919
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0

zyz
z
zz jj
zz
zz jj Du2 zzz jjjj 2470.96
zz
1.20474
-0.803817 0
0
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
zz
z
z
j
zz jj Du3 zz = jjj 1054.54
-0.803817 3.05601
-2.2522 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj 1.74594
zz jj
zz
0
-2.2522
4.75215
-2.49996 zzz jjj Du4 zzz jj
zz
zz
j
z j
zj
0
0
-2.49996 2.49996 { k Du5 { k -7.27596 10-12 {
-0.400919 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1

1.20474
jij
jj -0.803817
j
106 jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
2470.96 y
Du
zyz jij 2 zyz jij
zz
z
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
-2.2522 0
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
z
j
j
4.75215
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-2.49996 2.49996 { k Du5 { k 0
{
-0.803817 0
3.05601
-2.2522
0
8Du2 = 0.00879789, Du3 = 0.010112, Du4 = 0.0101127, Du5 = 0.0101127<

Du
1
0.00879789
0.010112
0.0101127
0.0101127

Du
1
0.0477439
0.0770413
0.0938676
0.100181
Total nodal values
77
u
1
0.0477439
0.0770413
0.0938676
0.100181

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0 0.0477439 L
De = 0.00238719
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00238719.

E = 200000;
n = 10;
sY = 250;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

e = 0.00238719;
s = 267.407;
Status = Loading
r I = H -66851.7 66851.7 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0477439 0.0770413 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00146487
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00146487.

E = 200000;
n = 10;
sY = 250;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

e = 0.00146487;
s = 235.077;
Status = Loading
r I = H -58769.2 58769.2 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0770413 0.0938676 L
s = 0;
De = 0.000841313
Status = Elastic
78
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000841313.

E = 200000;
sY = 250;
n = 10;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

e = 0.000841313;
s = 166.431;
Status = Loading
r I = H -41607.7 41607.7 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0938676 0.100181 L
s = 0;
De = 0.000315645
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000315645.

E = 200000;
n = 10;
sY = 250;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

e = 0.000315645;
s = 63.1289;
Status = Loading
r I = H -15782.2 15782.2 L

ij -66851.7 yz
z
jj
jj 8082.46 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
RI = jjj 17161.5 zzzz;
z
jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
zzz
jjj
k 15782.2 {
ij 1434.75 yz
z
jj
jj 8608.49 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
RE = jjj 17217. zzzz
z
jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
zzz
jjj
k 15782.2 {

ij 8082.46 yz
jj
z
jj 17161.5 zzz
zz;
RI = jjjj
z
jj 25825.5 zzz
jj
zz
k 15782.2 {
RE = 35868.7;
ij 8608.49 yz
jj
z
jj 17217. zzz
zz;
RE = jjjj
z
jj 25825.5 zzz
jj
zz
k 15782.2 {
R = 528.942

ij 526.026
yz
jj
zz
jj 55.4595
zz
jj
zz
zz
R = RE - RI = jj
jj 0.000032609
zz
jj
zz
j
z
-12
-7.27596
10
k
{
79
8.4
Analyze bar in Problem 8.3 assuming kinematic hardening model with sY = 250 Mpa and H = 10 GPa.
The inertia term represents distributed load qHxL = r A x w2 that varies over an element's length. Formally
the equivalent load load vector is obtained as follows.
rq = x 2 N q dx = x 2 N r A x w2 dx
1
1
x
x-x2
x-x2
x- x1
x- x1
N1 =
= -
; N2 =
=
x -x
L
x -x
L
1
Carrying out integration we get
ij -2 x21 + x1 x2 + x22 yz
zz
rq = 16 r A w2 jjj
2
2 z
x
x
x
+
2
x
1 2
k
1
2 {
Using this load vector we solve the problem using a 4 element model. Use N - mm units.
u1
u2
u3
u4
u5
(i) Load factor = 1

Iteration = 1
80
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
Load factor = 1;
Element state:
L = 20.
q = q;
e = 0;
A = 250
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
ACT L = 2.5 10
CT = 200000;
ij 2.5 10
jj
j
6
k -2.5 10
6
H = 10000;
-2.5 10 yzi Du1 y i 1434.75 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
2.5 106 {k Du2 { k 2869.5 {
Et = 9523.81;

ij 2.5
jj
jj -2.5
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.5
2.5
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zzz
zz
z j
zj
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
40. L;
Load factor = 1;
Element state:
L = 20.
q = q;
e = 0;
A = 250
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
ACT L = 2.5 10
CT = 200000;
ij 2.5 10
jj
j
6
k -2.5 10
6
H = 10000;
-2.5 10 yzi Du2 y i 5738.99 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
2.5 106 {k Du3 { k 7173.74 {
Et = 9523.81;
81

ij 2.5
jj
jj -2.5
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.5
5.
-2.5
0
0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
2.5
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
0
zzz
z j
zj
0
0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
0

Load factor = 1;
60. L;
L = 20.
q = q;
e = 0;
Element state:
A = 250
s = 0;
Status = Elastic

ij 2.5 106
jj
j
6
k -2.5 10
H = 10000;
ACT L = 2.5 106
CT = 200000;
Et = 9523.81;
-2.5 106 yzi Du3 y i 10043.2 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
2.5 106 {k Du4 { k 11478. {

ij 2.5
jj
jj -2.5
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.5
5.
-2.5
0
0
0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
5.
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-2.5 2.5
zj
z
z j
0
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
0
-2.5 0

Load factor = 1;
Element state:
80. L;
L = 20.
q = q;
e = 0;
A = 250
s = 0;
Status = Elastic

CT = 200000;
ij 2.5 106
jj
j
6
k -2.5 10
H = 10000;
ACT L = 2.5 106
-2.5 106 yzi Du4 y i 14347.5 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
2.5 106 {k Du5 { k 15782.2 {
Et = 9523.81;
82

ij 2.5
jj
jj -2.5
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.5
5.
-2.5
0
0
zz jj
z j
z
-2.5 0
0
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
5.
-2.5 0
zz
zzz jjj 3 zzz jjj
zz
zj
z j
-2.5 5.
zj
z j
z
0
-2.5 2.5 { k Du5 { k 15782.2 {
0

2.5
jij
jj -2.5
jj
jj
K T = 106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-2.5 0
-2.5 5.
-2.5
-2.5 5.
System of equations
-2.5
-2.5 5.
0
-2.5
-2.5
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
RI = jjjj 0 zzzz;
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
k0{
ij 1434.75 yz
z
jj
jj 8608.49 zzz
zzz
jjj
R = RE - RI = jjjj 17217. zzzz
z
jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 15782.2 {
z j
zz jj
z
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
-2.5 0
zz
zzz jjj 3 zzz jjj
zz
z j
zj
5.
z j
zj
z
-2.5 2.5 { k Du5 { k 15782.2 {
-2.5 0
5.
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
-2.5 zzzz
z
2.5 {
0
-2.5 0
5.
ij 1434.75 yz
z
jj
jj 8608.49 zzz
zzz
jjj
z
jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 15782.2 {
ij 2.5
jj
jj -2.5
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0

Node
dof
Value
Du1

ij 5.
jj
jj -2.5
106 jjjj
jjj 0
j
k0
-2.5
5.
-2.5
0
zz jj
z
z j
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
5.
zz jj
zz
z j
-2.5 2.5 { k Du5 { k 15782.2 {
0
-2.5 0
83
8Du2 = 0.0269733, Du3 = 0.0505031, Du4 = 0.0671462, Du5 = 0.0734591<

Du
1
0.0269733
0.0505031
0.0671462
0.0734591

Du
1
0.0269733
0.0505031
0.0671462
0.0734591
Total nodal values

u
1
0.0269733
0.0505031
0.0671462
0.0734591

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0 0.0269733 L
De = 0.00134866
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00134866.

Et = 9523.81;
Ds = E De = 269.733;
ep = 0;
H = 10000;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 269.733
sY = 250
84
sY - s - a
= 0.926844
s - s-a
With b = 0.926844
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 250.94
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0.0000939649
1 + HE

e = 0.00134866;
s = 250.94;
Status = Yielded
r I = H -62734.9 62734.9 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0269733 0.0505031 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00117649
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00117649.

p
Et = 9523.81;
e = 0;
Ds = E De = 235.299;
H = 10000;
sY = 250
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 235.299
No status change. The element is still Elastic.

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 235.299
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE

e = 0.00117649;
s = 235.299;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -58824.7 58824.7 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0505031 0.0671462 L
De = 0.000832154
85
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000832154.

ep = 0;
Et = 9523.81;
Ds = E De = 166.431;
H = 10000;
sY = 250
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 166.431

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 166.431
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE

e = 0.000832154;
s = 166.431;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -41607.7 41607.7 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0671462 0.0734591 L
s = 0;
De = 0.000315645
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000315645.

Et = 9523.81;
ep = 0;
Ds = E De = 63.1289;
H = 10000;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 63.1289

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 63.1289
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE

e = 0.000315645;
s = 63.1289;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -15782.2 15782.2 L
sY = 250
86

-62734.9 y
z
jij
jj 3910.24 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
RI = jjjj 17217. zzzz;
z
jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 15782.2 {
1434.75 y
z
jij
jj 8608.49 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 15782.2 {

ij 3910.24 yz
jj
z
jj 17217. zzz
j
j
zzz;
RI = jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
jjj
zzz
k 15782.2 {
RE = 35868.7;
ij 4698.25
yz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
j
z
R = RE - RI = jj
-11 z
jj -1.45519 10 zzz
jj
zz
j
-11 z
1.27329
10
k
{
ij 8608.49 yz
jj
z
jj 17217. zzz
j
j
zzz;
RE = jj
jj 25825.5 zzz
jjj
zzz
k 15782.2 {
R = 4698.25
Iteration = 2
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0 {
Load factor = 1;
Element state:
L = 20.
q = q;
A = 250
e = 0.00134866;
s = 250.94;

H = 10000;
CT = 9523.81;
ACT L = 119048.
119048.
-119048. yi Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zzjj
zz
jij
zz = jj
k -119048. 119048. {k Du2 { k 2869.5 {
Status = Yielded
Et = 9523.81;
87

ij 0.119048
jj
jj -0.119048
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-0.119048 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y

zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
zz
j
j
0
0 0 0 zzz jjj Du4 zzz jjj 0
zz
z j
zj
z
0
0 0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
0.119048
40. L;
Load factor = 1;
L = 20.
q = q;
A = 250
e = 0.00117649;
Element state:
s = 235.299;

ij 2.5 106
jj
j
6
k -2.5 10
H = 10000;
ACT L = 2.5 106
CT = 200000;
Status = Elastic
Et = 9523.81;
-2.5 106 yzi Du2 y i 5738.99 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
2.5 106 {k Du3 { k 7173.74 {

ij 0.119048
jj
jj -0.119048
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-0.119048 0
2.61905
-2.5
-2.5
2.5

Load factor = 1;
Element state:
0 0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 8608.49 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz
zj
z j
0 0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
60. L;
L = 20.
q = q;
A = 250
e = 0.000832154;
s = 166.431;

CT = 200000;
ij 2.5 106
jj
j
6
k -2.5 10
H = 10000;
ACT L = 2.5 106
-2.5 106 yzi Du3 y i 10043.2 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
2.5 106 {k Du4 { k 11478. {
Status = Elastic
Et = 9523.81;
88

ij 0.119048
jj
jj -0.119048
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-0.119048 0
0 y i Du1 y i 1434.75 y
zz jj
zz jj
zz
0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
2.5
zj
z j
z
0
0 { k Du5 { k 0
{
0
2.61905
-2.5
-2.5
5.
-2.5
80. L;
Load factor = 1;
L = 20.
q = q;
A = 250
e = 0.000315645;
Element state:
s = 63.1289;

ij 2.5 106
jj
j
6
k -2.5 10
H = 10000;
ACT L = 2.5 106
CT = 200000;
-2.5 106 yzi Du4 y i 14347.5 y

zz
zz = jj
zzjj
z
2.5 106 {k Du5 { k 15782.2 {

ij 0.119048
jj
jj -0.119048
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-0.119048 0
zz jj
z
z j
0
0
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
-2.5 0
zz
zzz jjj 3 zzz jjj
zz
zj
z j
5.
zj
z
z j
-2.5 2.5 { k Du5 { k 15782.2 {
0
2.61905
-2.5
-2.5
5.
-2.5

0.119048
jij
jj -0.119048
jj
jj
K T = 106 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
5.
-2.5 0
zz
zz
-2.5 5.
-2.5 zzzz
z
0
-2.5 2.5 {
-0.119048 0
2.61905
-2.5
0
0
-2.5 0
Status = Elastic
Et = 9523.81;
89
ij 1434.75 yz
jj
z
jj 8608.49 zzz
jjj
zzz
jj
z
jj 25825.5 zzz
jj
zz
j
z
15782.2
k
{
System of equations
ij 0.119048
jj
jj -0.119048
jj
6j
10 jjjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
64169.7
jij
zyz
jj 4698.25
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
j
zz
R
=
R = RE
I
jj
zz
jj
jj -1.45519 10-11 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
-11 z
k 1.27329 10
{
ij -62734.9 yz
jj
z
jj 3910.24 zzz
jjj
zzz
RI = jjjj 17217. zzzz;
jj
z
jj 25825.5 zzz
jj
zz
j
z
15782.2
k
{
-0.119048 0
2.61905
-2.5 0
-2.5
5.
-2.5 5.
-2.5
-2.5

zyz
z
zz jj
zz
zz jj Du2 zzz jjjj 4698.25
zz
0
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj 0.
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
zz
0
zz jj Du3 zz = jjj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
-2.5 zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjj -1.45519 10-11 zzz
zz
j
z jj
zj
2.5 { k Du5 { k 1.27329 10-11 z{
0

Node
dof
Value
Du1

ij 2.61905
jj
jj -2.5
106 jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
-2.5
5.
-2.5
-2.5
5.
-2.5
zz jj
zz
z j
zz jj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz
z
j
j
-2.5 zz jj Du4 zz jj 0
zz
zj
z j
2.5 { k Du5 { k 0
{
0
8Du2 = 0.0394653, Du3 = 0.0394653, Du4 = 0.0394653, Du5 = 0.0394653<

Du
1
0.0394653
0.0394653
0.0394653
0.0394653
90
Du
1
0.0664385
0.0899684
0.106611
0.112924
Total nodal values

u
1
0.0664385
0.0899684
0.106611
0.112924

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0 0.0664385 L
De = 0.00332193
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00332193.

Et = 9523.81;
Ds = E De = 664.385;
e = 0;
H = 10000;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 664.385
sY - s - a
= 0.376288
s - s-a

With b = 0.376288
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 269.733
E +H
1- b
De = 0.00197326
New ep = ep +
1 + HE

e = 0.00332193;
s = 269.733;
Status = Yielded
r I = H -67433.2 67433.2 L
sY = 250
91
L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0664385 0.0899684 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00117649
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00117649.

ep = 0;
Et = 9523.81;
Ds = E De = 235.299;
H = 10000;
sY = 250
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 235.299

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 235.299
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE

e = 0.00117649;
s = 235.299;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -58824.7 58824.7 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.0899684 0.106611 L
s = 0;
De = 0.000832154
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000832154.

Et = 9523.81;
Ds = E De = 166.431;
ep = 0;
H = 10000;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 166.431

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 166.431
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
sY = 250
92

e = 0.000832154;
s = 166.431;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -41607.7 41607.7 L

L = 20.;
A = 250
Du = H 0.106611 0.112924 L
De = 0.000315645
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000315645.

Et = 9523.81;
e = 0;
Ds = E De = 63.1289;
H = 10000;
sY = 250
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 63.1289

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 63.1289
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE

e = 0.000315645;
s = 63.1289;
Status = Elastic
r I = H -15782.2 15782.2 L

ij -67433.2 yz
z
jj
jj 8608.49 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
RI = jjj 17217. zzzz;
zz
jj
jjj 25825.5 zzz
zz
jj
k 15782.2 {
ij 1434.75 yz
z
jj
jj 8608.49 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
RE = jjj 17217. zzzz
zz
jj
jjj 25825.5 zzz
zz
jj
k 15782.2 {
93

ij 8608.49 yz
jj
z
jj 17217. zzz
zz;
RI = jjjj
zz
jjj 25825.5 zzz
j
zz
k 15782.2 {
RE = 35868.7;
ij 8608.49 yz
jj
z
jj 17217. zzz
zz;
RE = jjjj
zz
jjj 25825.5 zzz
j
zz
k 15782.2 {
R = 3.37862 10-11
ij 1.45519 10-11 yz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -7.27596 10-12 zzz
zz
j
R = RE - RI = jjj
z
jj 2.18279 10-11 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
-11 z
-2.00089
10
{
k
(ii) Ansys solution

PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
SUBSTEP=
1.0000
LOAD CASE=
NODE
1
UX
0.0000
0.66441E-01
0.89971E-01
0.10661
0.11293

NODE
VALUE
5
0.11293
94
STAT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
ELEM
AXIALFOR
AXIALSTR
PLASTICS
67433.
269.73
0.13487E-02
58825.
235.30
0.11765E-02
41608.
166.43
0.83216E-03
15782.
63.129
0.31565E-03
MINIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
15782.
63.129
4
0.31565E-03
MAXIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
67433.
269.73
!* Problem 8.4
PREP7
!*
ET,1,LINK1
!*
R,1,250, ,
!*
!*
1
0.13487E-02
95
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,200000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,
TB,BKIN,1,1,2,1
TBTEMP,0
TBDATA,,250,9523.81,,,,
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,DENS,1,,78501000**3
n,1,,,,
n,2,20
n,3,40
n,4,60
n,5,80
e,1,2
e,2,3
e,3,4
e,4,5
D,1, , , , , ,ALL, , , , ,
OMEGA,0,0,104.72,0
SOL
FINISH
STATUS,SOLU
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
SET,LAST
!*
PRNSOL,U,X
ETABLE,AxialForce,SMISC,1
ETABLE,AxialStress,LS, 1
ETABLE,PlasticStrain,LEPEL, 1
!*
PRETAB,AXIALFOR,AXIALSTR,PLASTICS
8.5
96
Determine joint displacements and stresses in the three bar pin-jointed truss shown in Figure. The members are made of the same material and have the cross-sectional area as shown. E = 200 GPa,
sY = 250 Mpa, Et = 10 GPa, and A = 0.0001 m2 . The dimensions in centimeters are shown in the figure. The
load is P = 100 kN. What is the permanent deflection left after the load is removed?
100
200
2A
200
1
A
3
A
1
P
Figure 8.23.

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
-100000
(i) Load factor = 1.

Iteration = 1
97
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj -100000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
zz
z
j
j
0 0 zz jj Du3 zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 0 zzz jjj Dv3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 0 zzz jjj Du4 zzz jjj 0
zz
zj
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
Element nodes = H 80., 0.<
Load factor = 1.;
8-1000., 2000.< L
A = 100.
e = 0;
Element state:
L = 2236.07
s = 0;
Internal force vector, r I = H 0 0 0
Direction cosines: bs = -0.447214
0L
Status = Elastic
ms = 0.894427
200000
H =
;
19
ACT L = 8944.27

CT = 200000;
1788.85
jij
jj -3577.71
jj
jj
jj -1788.85
jj
jj
k 3577.71
Et = 10000.;
0.
Du
zyzijj 1 zyz jij zyz
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
7155.42
3577.71
-7155.42 zzjj Dv1 zz jj 0. zzzz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
3577.71
1788.85
-3577.71 zzzzjjjj Du3 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zzjj
z j zz
-7155.42 -3577.71 7155.42 {k Dv3 { k 0. {
-3577.71 -1788.85 3577.71

ij 1788.85
jj
jj -3577.71
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1788.85
jj
jj 3577.71
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-3577.71 0 0 -1788.85 3577.71
7155.42
0 0 3577.71
-7155.42 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
3577.71
0 0 1788.85
-3577.71 0
-7155.42 0 0 -3577.71 7155.42
0 0 0
0 0 0
Load factor = 1.;
80., 2000.< L
A = 200.
0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
0 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj -100000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
0 zz jj Dv3 zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zzz
z
j
j
zz
zj
z
z j
0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
L = 2000.
98
e = 0;
Element state:
s = 0;
Direction cosines: bs = 0.
0L
Status = Elastic
ms = 1.
200000
;
H =
19
ACT L = 20000.

CT = 200000;
Et = 10000.;
0. 0.
yzij Du1 yz ij 0. yz
zj
z j z
0. -20000. zzzzjjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zzjj
z j z
zzjj Du zzz = jjj 0. zzz
0.
0. 0.
zzjj 2 zz jj zz
zjj
z j z
-20000. 0. 20000. {k Dv2 { k 0. {
ij 0.
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
k 0.
0.
20000.

ij 1788.85
jj
jj -3577.71
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -1788.85
jj
jjj 3577.71
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-3577.71 0 0
-1788.85 3577.71
27155.4
0 -20000. 3577.71
-7155.42 0
0 0
-20000.
0 20000.
3577.71
0 0
1788.85
-3577.71 0
-7155.42 0 0
-3577.71 7155.42
0 0
0 0
Load factor = 1.;

Element state:
82000., 2000.< L
0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz
z
j
j
0 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
z
j
j
z
zzz
z
j
j
0 zz jj Du4 zz jj 0
zz
zj
z j
0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
L = 2828.43
A = 100.
e = 0;
s = 0;
Direction cosines: bs = 0.707107
0L
Status = Elastic
ms = 0.707107
200000
;
H =
19
ACT L = 7071.07

CT = 200000;
ij 3535.53
jj
jj 3535.53
jj
jj
jjj -3535.53
jj
k -3535.53
-3535.53 -3535.53 yi Du1 y i 0. y

zzjj
zz jj zz
3535.53
-3535.53 -3535.53 zzzzjjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
-3535.53 3535.53
3535.53 zzzzjjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zzjj
zz jj zz
-3535.53 3535.53
3535.53 {k Dv4 { k 0. {
3535.53
Et = 10000.;
99

ij 5324.39
jj
jj -42.1749
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1788.85
jj
jj 3577.71
jj
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
j
k -3535.53
-3535.53 -3535.53 y i Du1 y i 0

yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
30691.
0 -20000. 3577.71
-7155.42 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj -100000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj Du zz jj 0
zz
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
zz
zzz jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
-20000. 0 20000.
0
0
0
0
zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
3577.71
0 0
1788.85
-3577.71 0
0
zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
-7155.42 0 0
-3577.71 7155.42
0
0
zz jj Dv3 zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zzz
z
j
j
-3535.53 0 0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zzz jjj Du4 zzz jjj 0
zz
zj
z
z j
-3535.53 0 0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
-42.1749 0 0
-1788.85 3577.71

ij 5324.39
jj
jj -42.1749
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
K T = jjj
jj -1788.85
jj
jj
jjj 3577.71
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
j
k -3535.53
0.
zy
jij
jj -100000. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
j
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
z
j
0.
{
k
-3535.53 -3535.53 y
zz
-7155.42 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz
zz
zz
0
0
0
0
zzz
zz
zz
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
1788.85
-3577.71 0
0
zz
zz
zz
-3577.71 7155.42
0
0
zz
zz
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zzzz
z
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 {
-42.1749 0
30691.
-20000. 3577.71
-20000.
20000.
3577.71
-7155.42 0
-3535.53 0
-3535.53 0
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
j z
RI = jjj zzz;
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
j z
k0{
-1788.85 3577.71
0.
zy
jij
jj -100000. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
j
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
z
j
0.
{
k
100
System of equations
ij 5324.39
jj
jj -42.1749
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1788.85
jj
jj 3577.71
jj
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
j
k -3535.53
-3535.53 -3535.53 y
zz
30691.
0 -20000. 3577.71
-7155.42 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz
zz
zz
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
zz
-20000. 0 20000.
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
3577.71
0 0
1788.85
-3577.71 0
0
zzz
zz
zz
-7155.42 0 0
-3577.71 7155.42
0
0
zz
zz
-3535.53 0 0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zzzz
z
-3535.53 0 0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 {
-42.1749 0 0
-1788.85 3577.71
yz
ij Du1 yz ij 0.
z j
z
jj
jj Dv1 zzz jjj -100000. zzz
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jj Du zz jj 0.
zz
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 0.
zz
jj
zz = jj
zz
jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0.
zz
jj
zz jj
zz
jjj Dv3 zzz jjj 0.
zzz
jj
zz jj
zz
jj
zz jj
zz
jj Du4 zz jj 0.
zz
jj
zz jj
zz
{
k Dv4 { k 0.

Node
dof
Value
Du2
Dv2
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

-42.1749 y i Du1 y i 0
ij 5324.39
yz
zz = jj
zz jj
j
z
k -42.1749 30691.
{ k Dv1 { k -100000. {

8Du1 = -0.0258094, Dv1 = -3.25832<
101
Du
Dv
-0.0258094
-3.25832

Du
Dv
-0.0258094
-3.25832
Total nodal values

u
-0.0258094
-3.25832

L = 2236.07;
A = 100.
Element Dd = 8-0.0258094, -3.25832, 0, 0<
0
i -0.447214 0.894427 0
yz
T = jj
z
0
-0.447214 0.894427 {
k0
Dd b = T Dd = H -2.90279 0. L
s = 0;
De = 0.00129817
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00129817.

200000
;
H =
19

Et = 10000.;
Ds = E De = 259.634;
ep = 0;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 259.634
sY - s - a
= 0.962895
s - s-a

With b = 0.962895
sY = 250
102
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 250.482
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0.0000457596
1 + HE
Element new state:
e = 0.00129817;
s = 250.482;
Axial force = 25048.2;
r I = T T r Ib = H 11201.9
Status = Yielded
Local r Ib = 8-25048.2, 25048.2<
-22403.8 -11201.9 22403.8 L

L = 2000.;
A = 200.
Element Dd = 8-0.0258094, -3.25832, 0, 0<
i 0. 1. 0 0 yz
T = jj
z
k 0 0 0. 1. {
Dd b = T Dd = H -3.25832 0. L
s = 0;
De = 0.00162916
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00162916.

200000
H =
;
19

Et = 10000.;
ep = 0;
Ds = E De = 325.832;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 325.832
sY - s - a
= 0.767265
s - s-a

With b = 0.767265
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 253.792
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0.000360204
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.00162916;
s = 253.792;
Status = Yielded
Local r Ib = 8-50758.3, 50758.3<
r I = T T r Ib = H 0. -50758.3 0. 50758.3 L
sY = 250
103

L = 2828.43;
A = 100.
Element Dd = 8-0.0258094, -3.25832, 0, 0<
0
i 0.707107 0.707107 0
zyz
T = jj
0
0.707107 0.707107 {
k0
Dd b = T Dd = H -2.32223 0. L
De = 0.000821034
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000821034.

200000
H =
;
19

Et = 10000.;
ep = 0;
Ds = E De = 164.207;
sY = 250
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 164.207

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 164.207
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.000821034;
s = 164.207;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 8-16420.7, 16420.7<
r I = T T r Ib = H -11611.2 -11611.2 11611.2 11611.2 L

ij -409.287 yz
z
jj
jj -84773.3 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 50758.3 zzz
j
zzz;
j
RI = jj
jj -11201.9 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj 22403.8 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 11611.2 zzz
zz
jj
k 11611.2 {
yz
ij 0.
z
jj
jj -100000. zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
j
zzz
j
RE = jj
zz
jj 0.
zzz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
{
k 0.
104

yz
i -409.287 yz
i 0.
z;
RE = jj
z;
RI = jj
k -84773.3 {
k -100000. {
RE = 100000.;
i 409.287 yz
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k -15226.7 {
R = 15232.2
Iteration = 2
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj -100000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
0 0 zz jj Dv3 zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zzz
z
j
j
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
Load factor = 1.;

Element state:
8-1000., 2000.< L
L = 2236.07
A = 100.
e = 0.00129817;
Internal force vector, r I = H 11201.9
s = 250.482;
-22403.8 -11201.9 22403.8 L
ms = 0.894427
200000
;
H =
19
ACT L = 447.214

CT = 10000.;
ij 89.4427
jj
jj -178.885
jj
jj
jj -89.4427
jj
k 178.885
zj
z j z
-357.771 zzzzjjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
178.885
89.4427
zj
z j z
-357.771 -178.885 357.771 {k Dv3 { k 0. {
-178.885 -89.4427 178.885
357.771
Status = Yielded
178.885

Et = 10000.;
105
89.4427
jij
jj -178.885
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -89.4427
jj
jj
jj 178.885
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-178.885 0 0 -89.4427 178.885

357.771
0 0 178.885
-357.771 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
178.885
0 0 89.4427
-178.885 0
-357.771 0 0 -178.885 357.771
0 0 0
0 0 0
Load factor = 1.;
80., 2000.< L
L = 2000.
A = 200.
e = 0.00162916;
Element state:
0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
zz
z
j
j
0 zz jj Du3 zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
zz
zj
z j
0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
s = 253.792;
Internal force vector, r I = H 0. -50758.3 0. 50758.3 L
ms = 1.
200000
H =
;
19
ACT L = 1000.

0.
jij
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
k 0.
CT = 10000.;
Status = Yielded
Et = 10000.;
0.
Du
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
1000.
0. -1000. zzjj Dv1 zz jj 0. zzzz
zzjj
z j z
0.
0. 0.
zzzzjjjj 2 zzz jjj zzzz
-1000. 0. 1000. {k Dv2 { k 0. {
0.
0. 0.

ij 89.4427
jj
jj -178.885
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -89.4427
jj
jj 178.885
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
1357.77
0 -1000. 178.885
-357.771 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj -100000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0
0 0
0
0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
-1000.
0 1000.
0
0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
178.885
0 0
89.4427
-178.885 0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
-357.771 0 0
-178.885 357.771
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zzz
z
j
j
0
0 0
0
0
zz
zj
z
z j
0
0 0
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
-178.885 0 0
Load factor = 1.;
-89.4427 178.885
82000., 2000.< L
A = 100.
L = 2828.43
106
e = 0.000821034;
Element state:
s = 164.207;
Status = Elastic
Internal force vector, r I = H -11611.2 -11611.2 11611.2 11611.2 L
ms = 0.707107
200000
;
H =
19
ACT L = 7071.07

CT = 200000;
ij 3535.53
jj
jj 3535.53
jj
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
k -3535.53
Et = 10000.;
-3535.53 -3535.53 yi Du1 y i 0. y

zzjj
zz jj zz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
-3535.53 3535.53
zjj
z j z
-3535.53 3535.53
3535.53 {k Dv4 { k 0. {
3535.53
3535.53

ij 3624.98
jj
jj 3356.65
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -89.4427
jj
jjj 178.885
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
j
k -3535.53
-3535.53 -3535.53 y i Du1 y i 0

yz
zz jj
zz jj
z
-357.771 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj -100000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj Du zz jj 0
zz
0
0
0
0
zz jj 2 zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz
z
j
j
zz jj Dv2 zz jj 0
0
0
0
0
zz
zz jj
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
89.4427
-178.885 0
0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
-178.885 357.771
0
0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zz jj Du4 zz jj 0
zz
zj
z j
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
-89.4427 178.885
3356.65
0 0
4893.3
0 -1000. 178.885
0 0
-1000.
0 1000.
178.885
0 0
-357.771 0 0
-3535.53 0 0
-3535.53 0 0

ij 3624.98
jj
jj 3356.65
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
j
K T = jjj
jj -89.4427
jj
jj
jj 178.885
jj
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
k -3535.53
-3535.53 -3535.53 y
zz
-357.771 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz
zz
zz
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
zzz
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
89.4427
-178.885 0
0
zz
zz
zz
-178.885 357.771
0
0
zz
zz
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zzzz
z
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 {
-89.4427 178.885
3356.65
4893.3
-1000. 178.885
-1000.
1000.
178.885
-357.771 0
-3535.53 0
-3535.53 0
107
0.
zy
jij
jj -100000. zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
0.
{
k
-409.287 y
z
jij
jj -84773.3 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 50758.3 zzz
zz;
RI = jjj
jj -11201.9 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 22403.8 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 11611.2 zzz
zz
jj
k 11611.2 {
409.287 y
z
jij
jj -15226.7 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -50758.3 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj
jj 11201.9 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -22403.8 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -11611.2 zzz
zz
jj
k -11611.2 {
System of equations
ij 3624.98
jj
jj 3356.65
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -89.4427
jj
jj
jjj 178.885
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
j
k -3535.53
-3535.53 -3535.53 y
zz
-357.771 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz
zz
zz
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
zz
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
zz
89.4427
-178.885 0
0
zz
zz
zz
-178.885 357.771
0
0
zz
z
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zzzz
z
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 {
-89.4427 178.885
3356.65
0 0
4893.3
0 -1000. 178.885
0 0
-1000.
0 1000.
178.885
0 0
-357.771 0 0
-3535.53 0 0
-3535.53 0 0
ij Du1 yz ij 409.287 yz
z j
jj
z
jj Dv1 zzz jjj -15226.7 zzz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz
jjj Du2 zzz jjj 0.
zz
zz jj
jj
z
jjj Dv2 zzz jjj -50758.3 zzz
zz = jj
jj
zz
jjj Du3 zzz jjj 11201.9 zzz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Dv zzz jjj -22403.8 zzz
jj 3 zz jj
zz
zz jj
jjj
zz
jj Du4 zzz jjj -11611.2 zzz
zz jj
jj
zz
k Dv4 { k -11611.2 {

Node
dof
Value
Du2
Dv2
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0
108

ij 3624.98
j
k 3356.65
3356.65 y i Du1 y i 409.287 y

zz = jj
zz jj
zz
4893.3 { k Dv1 { k -15226.7 {

8Du1 = 8.20791, Dv1 = -8.74211<

Du
Dv
8.20791
-8.74211

Du
Dv
8.1821
-12.0004
Total nodal values

u
8.1821
-12.0004

L = 2236.07;
A = 100.
Element Dd = 88.1821, -12.0004, 0, 0<
0
i -0.447214 0.894427 0
yz
T = jj
z
0
-0.447214 0.894427 {
k0
Dd b = T Dd = H -14.3927 0. L
s = 0;
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00643659.
De = 0.00643659
Status = Elastic
109
200000
H =
;
19

ep = 0;
Et = 10000.;
Ds = E De = 1287.32;
sY = 250
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 1287.32
sY - s - a
= 0.194202
s - s-a

With b = 0.194202
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 301.866
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0.00492726
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.00643659;
s = 301.866;
r I = T r Ib = H 13499.9
T
Status = Yielded
Local r Ib = 8-30186.6, 30186.6<
-26999.7 -13499.9 26999.7 L

L = 2000.;
A = 200.
Element Dd = 88.1821, -12.0004, 0, 0<
i 0. 1. 0 0 yz
T = jj
z
k 0 0 0. 1. {
Dd b = T Dd = H -12.0004 0. L
s = 0;
De = 0.00600022
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00600022.

200000
H =
;
19

Et = 10000.;
Ds = E De = 1200.04;
ep = 0;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 1200.04
sY - s - a
= 0.208326
s - s-a

With b = 0.208326
sY = 250
110
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 297.502
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0.00451271
1 + HE
Element new state:
e = 0.00600022;
s = 297.502;
Status = Yielded
Local r Ib = 8-59500.4, 59500.4<
r I = T T r Ib = H 0. -59500.4 0. 59500.4 L
L = 2828.43;
A = 100.
Element Dd = 88.1821, -12.0004, 0, 0<
0
i 0.707107 0.707107 0
yz
T = jj
z
0
0
0.707107
0.707107
k
{
Dd b = T Dd = H -2.69997 0. L
De = 0.000954584
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000954584.

200000
H =
;
19

Et = 10000.;
ep = 0;
Ds = E De = 190.917;
sY = 250
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 190.917

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 190.917
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.000954584;
s = 190.917;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 8-19091.7, 19091.7<
r I = T T r Ib = H -13499.9 -13499.9 13499.9
13499.9 L

111
-12
jij -5.45697 10 zyz
jj
zz
jj -100000.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jjj
zzz
jj 59500.4
zz
zz;
RI = jjjj
zz
jj -13499.9
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 26999.7
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 13499.9
zz
jj
zz
k 13499.9
{
0.
jij
zy
jj -100000. zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jjj
zzz
jj
zz
jjj 0.
zzz
zz
RE = jj
jjj 0.
zzz
jj
zz
jjj 0.
zzz
jj
zz
jjj 0.
zzz
jj
zz
j
z
k 0.
{
i -5.45697 10-12 yz
zz;
RI = jjj
k -100000.
{
i 0.
yz
z;
RE = jj
k -100000. {
RE = 100000.;
i 5.45697 10-12
R = RE - RI = jjj
k 0.
R = 5.45697 10-12
yz
zz
{

Iteration = 1
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z=j z
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
8-1000., 2000.< L
L = 2236.07
A = 100.
e = 0.00643659;
s = 301.866;
Status = Yielded
112
Internal force vector, r I = H 13499.9

-26999.7 -13499.9 26999.7 L
ms = 0.894427
200000
;
H =
19
ACT L = 447.214

CT = 10000.;
ij 89.4427
jj
jj -178.885
jj
jj
jjj -89.4427
j
k 178.885
Et = 10000.;
zj
z j z
357.771
178.885
zzjj
zz = jj zz
178.885
89.4427
zj
zz jj z
-357.771 -178.885 357.771 {k Dv3 { k 0. {
-178.885 -89.4427 178.885

89.4427
jij
jj -178.885
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -89.4427
jj
jj
jj 178.885
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
-178.885 0 0 -89.4427 178.885
357.771
0 0 178.885
-357.771 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
178.885
0 0 89.4427
-178.885 0
-357.771 0 0 -178.885 357.771
0 0 0
0 0 0
Load factor = 0;
80., 2000.< L
L = 2000.
A = 200.
e = 0.00600022;
Element state:
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
s = 297.502;
ms = 1.
200000
;
H =
19
ACT L = 1000.

0.
jij
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
j
k 0.
CT = 10000.;
0.
Du
zyzijj 1 zyz ijj zyz
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
1000.
zzjj
z j z
0.
0. 0.
zzzjjj 2 zzz jjj zzz
-1000. 0. 1000. {k Dv2 { k 0. {
0.
Status = Yielded
0. 0.
Et = 10000.;
113

ij 89.4427
jj
jj -178.885
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -89.4427
jj
jjj 178.885
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-178.885 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
-357.771 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
0
zz jj
zz = jj zz
89.4427
-178.885 0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
-178.885 357.771
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
0
zj
z j z
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
-89.4427 178.885
1357.77
0 -1000. 178.885
0 0
-1000.
0 1000.
178.885
0 0
-357.771 0 0
0
0 0
0 0
Load factor = 0;
82000., 2000.< L
A = 100.
e = 0.000954584;
Element state:
L = 2828.43
s = 190.917;
Internal force vector, r I = H -13499.9 -13499.9 13499.9
ij 3535.53
jj
jj 3535.53
jj
jj
jjj -3535.53
jj
k -3535.53
13499.9 L
ms = 0.707107
200000
H =
;
19
ACT L = 7071.07

CT = 200000;
Status = Elastic
Et = 10000.;
-3535.53 -3535.53 yi Du1 y i 0. y

zzjj
zz jj zz
3535.53
zzjj
zz = jj zz
-3535.53 3535.53
zzjj
zz jj zz
-3535.53 3535.53
3535.53 {k Dv4 { k 0. {
3535.53

3624.98
jij
jj 3356.65
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -89.4427
jj
jj
jj 178.885
jj
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
k -3535.53
-3535.53 -3535.53 y i Du1 y i 0 y

zz jj
zz jj zz
4893.3
0 -1000. 178.885
-357.771 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
z j z
zz jj Du zzz jjj 0 zzz
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
zz jj 2 zz jj zz
zz jj
z j z
zz jj Dv2 zzz jjj 0 zzz
-1000.
0 1000.
0
0
0
0
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
z=j z
178.885
0 0
89.4427
-178.885 0
0
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
z j z
-357.771 0 0
-178.885 357.771
0
0
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
z j z
-3535.53 0 0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zzz jjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zj
z j z
-3535.53 0 0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
3356.65
0 0
-89.4427 178.885
114
3624.98
jij
jj 3356.65
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
j
K T = jjj
jj -89.4427
jj
jj
jj 178.885
jj
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
k -3535.53
ij 0. yz
jj zz
jj 0. zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0. zz
jjj zzz
jj 0. zz
j z
RE = jjj zzz;
jj 0. zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 0. zzz
jj zz
jjj 0. zzz
jj zz
k 0. {
3356.65
4893.3
-1000.
178.885
-357.771 0
-3535.53 0
-3535.53 0
-3535.53 -3535.53 y
zz
-1000. 178.885
-357.771 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz
zz
zz
0
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
zzz
1000.
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
0
89.4427
-178.885 0
0
zz
zz
zz
0
-178.885 357.771
0
0
zz
zz
0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zzzz
z
0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 {
0
-89.4427 178.885
ij -5.45697 10-12 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj -100000.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 59500.4
zz;
RI = jjj
zzz
jj -13499.9
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 26999.7
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 13499.9
zz
jj
z
j
13499.9
{
k
ij 5.45697 10-12
jj
jj 100000.
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj -59500.4
R = RE - RI = jjjj
jj 13499.9
jj
jj
jj -26999.7
jj
jj
jj -13499.9
jj
k -13499.9
System of equations
ij 3624.98
jj
jj 3356.65
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -89.4427
jj
jjj 178.885
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
j
k -3535.53
0 0
0 -1000. 178.885
0 0
-1000.
0 1000.
178.885
0 0
-357.771 0 0
-3535.53 0 0
-3535.53 0 0
-12
Du
jij 1 zyz ijjj 5.45697 10
jj Dv zz jj
jj 1 zz jj 100000.
z
jj
jj Du zzz jjjj
jj 2 zz jj 0.
z
jj
jj Dv zzz jjjj -59500.4
jj 2 zz jj
zz = j
jj
jjj Du3 zzz jjjj 13499.9
zz j
jj
jjj Dv3 zzz jjjj -26999.7
zz j
jj
jjj Du zzz jjjj -13499.9
jj 4 zz jj
z j
j
k Dv4 { k -13499.9
-3535.53 -3535.53 y
zz
-357.771 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz
zz
zz
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
zz
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
zz
89.4427
-178.885 0
0
zz
zz
zz
-178.885 357.771
0
0
zz
z
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zzzz
z
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 {
-89.4427 178.885
3356.65
4893.3
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
115
Node
dof
Value
Du2
Dv2
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

3624.98
jij
k 3356.65
3356.65 y i Du1 y i 0
zz = jj
zz jj
zyz
4893.3 { k Dv1 { k 100000. {

8Du1 = -51.872, Dv1 = 56.0186<

Du
Dv
-51.872
56.0186

Du
Dv
-51.872
56.0186
Total nodal values

u
-43.6899
44.0181

L = 2236.07;
A = 100.
116
Element Dd = 8-51.872, 56.0186, 0, 0<
0
yz
i -0.447214 0.894427 0
z
T = jj
0
-0.447214 0.894427 {
k0
Dd b = T Dd = H 73.3024
0. L
De = -0.0327818
s = 301.866;
Status = Yielded
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.0263452.

200000
H =
;
19

ep = 0.00492726;
Et = 10000.;
Ds = E De = -6556.36;
sY = 250
a = 51.8659
s = Prev s + Ds = -6254.5

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = -6254.5
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0.00492726
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = -0.0263452;
s = -6254.5;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 8625450., -625450.<
Axial force = -625450.;
r I = T r Ib = H -279710. 559419. 279710. -559419. L

T

L = 2000.;
A = 200.
Element Dd = 8-51.872, 56.0186, 0, 0<
i 0. 1. 0 0 yz
T = jj
z
k 0 0 0. 1. {
Dd b = T Dd = H 56.0186
0. L
De = -0.0280093
s = 297.502;
Status = Yielded
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.0220091.

200000
H =
;
19
sY = 250
117
Et = 10000.;
ep = 0.00451271;
Ds = E De = -5601.86;
a = 47.5022
s = Prev s + Ds = -5304.35

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = -5304.35
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0.00451271
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = -0.0220091;
s = -5304.35;
6
Axial force = -1.06087 10 ;
r I = T T r Ib = H 0. 1.06087 106
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 91.06087 106 , -1.06087 106 =
0. -1.06087 106 L

L = 2828.43;
A = 100.
Element Dd = 8-51.872, 56.0186, 0, 0<
0
i 0.707107 0.707107 0
yz
T = jj
z
0
0.707107 0.707107 {
k0
Dd b = T Dd = H 2.9321 0. L
De = -0.00103665
s = 190.917;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.0000820683.

200000
H =
;
19

Et = 10000.;
ep = 0;
Ds = E De = -207.33;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = -16.4137

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = -16.4137
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
sY = 250
118
Element new state:

e = -0.0000820683;
s = -16.4137;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 81641.37, -1641.37<
Axial force = -1641.37;
r I = T r Ib = H 1160.62 1160.62 -1160.62 -1160.62 L

T

ij -278549.
jj
jj 1.62145 106
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj -1.06087 106
j
RI = jjj
jj 279710.
jj
jj
jj -559419.
jj
jj
jj -1160.62
jj
j
k -1160.62
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
0.
jij zyz
jj 0. zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0. zz
jjj zzz
jj zz
jj 0. zz
RE = jjj zzz
jjj 0. zzz
jj zz
jjj 0. zzz
jj zz
jjj 0. zzz
jj zz
j z
k 0. {

i -278549.
RI = jjj
6
k 1.62145 10
RE = 0.;
zyz;
z
{
i 0. y
RE = jj zz;
k 0. {
R = 1.6452 106
i 278549.
R = RE - RI = jjj
6
k -1.62145 10
Iteration = 2
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
8-1000., 2000.< L
A = 100.
L = 2236.07
zyz
z
{
119
e = -0.0263452;
Element state:
s = -6254.5;
Status = Elastic
Internal force vector, r I = H -279710. 559419. 279710. -559419. L
ms = 0.894427
200000
;
H =
19
ACT L = 8944.27

CT = 200000;
ij 1788.85
jj
jj -3577.71
jj
jj
jj -1788.85
jj
k 3577.71
Et = 10000.;
zj
z j z
zzjj
zz = jj zz
3577.71
1788.85
zjj
z j z
-7155.42 -3577.71 7155.42 {k Dv3 { k 0. {
-3577.71 -1788.85 3577.71
7155.42
3577.71

ij 1788.85
jj
jj -3577.71
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -1788.85
jj
jjj 3577.71
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-3577.71 0 0 -1788.85 3577.71
7155.42
0 0 3577.71
-7155.42 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
3577.71
0 0 1788.85
-3577.71 0
-7155.42 0 0 -3577.71 7155.42
0 0 0
0 0 0
Load factor = 0;
80., 2000.< L
L = 2000.
A = 200.
e = -0.0220091;
Element state:
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
s = -5304.35;
Internal force vector, r I = H 0. 1.06087 106
0.
jij
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
j
k 0.
200000
;
H =
19
ACT L = 20000.
0.
Du
zyzjij 1 zyz jij zyz
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
20000.
zzjj
z j z
0.
0. 0.
zzjj 2 zz jj zz
zj
z j z
-20000. 0. 20000. {k Dv2 { k 0. {
0.
0. 0.
0. -1.06087 106 L
ms = 1.

CT = 200000;
Status = Elastic
Et = 10000.;
120

ij 1788.85
jj
jj -3577.71
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1788.85
jj
jj 3577.71
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-3577.71 0 0
-1788.85 3577.71
27155.4
0 -20000. 3577.71
-7155.42 0
0 0
0
0
-20000.
0 20000.
3577.71
0 0
1788.85
-3577.71 0
-7155.42 0 0
-3577.71 7155.42
0 0
0 0
Load factor = 0;
82000., 2000.< L
L = 2828.43
A = 100.
e = -0.0000820683;
Element state:
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
s = -16.4137;
Status = Elastic
Internal force vector, r I = H 1160.62 1160.62 -1160.62 -1160.62 L
ms = 0.707107
200000
H =
;
19
ACT L = 7071.07

CT = 200000;
ij 3535.53
jj
jj 3535.53
jj
jj
jj -3535.53
jjj
k -3535.53
Et = 10000.;
-3535.53 -3535.53 yi Du1 y i 0. y

zzjj
zz jj zz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
-3535.53 3535.53
zzjj
z j zz
-3535.53 3535.53
3535.53 {k Dv4 { k 0. {
3535.53
3535.53

ij 5324.39
jj
jj -42.1749
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -1788.85
jj
jjj 3577.71
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
j
k -3535.53
-42.1749 0 0
-3535.53 -3535.53 y i Du1 y i 0 y

zz jj
zz jj zz
-7155.42 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
z j z
zz jj Du zzz jjj 0 zzz
0
0
0
0
zz jj 2 zz jj zz
zz jj
z j z
0
0
0
0
zzz jjj
zzz = jjj zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
1788.85
-3577.71 0
0
zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
-3577.71 7155.42
0
0
zzz jjj Dv3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zj
z j z
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
-1788.85 3577.71
30691.
0 -20000. 3577.71
0 0
-20000.
0 20000.
3577.71
0 0
-7155.42 0 0
-3535.53 0 0
-3535.53 0 0
121
5324.39
jij
jj -42.1749
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
j
K T = jjj
jj -1788.85
jj
jj
jj 3577.71
jj
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
k -3535.53
ij 0. yz
jj zz
jj 0. zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 0. zzz
jj zz
jjj 0. zzz
RE = jjj zzz;
jj 0. zz
jj zz
jjj 0. zzz
jj zz
jjj zzz
jj 0. zz
jj zz
k 0. {
-42.1749 0
30691.
-20000.
3577.71
-7155.42 0
-3535.53 0
-3535.53 0
-3535.53 -3535.53 y
zz
-20000. 3577.71
-7155.42 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz
zz
zz
0
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
zzz
20000.
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
0
1788.85
-3577.71 0
0
zz
zz
zz
0
-3577.71 7155.42
0
0
zz
zz
0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zzzz
z
0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 {
-1788.85 3577.71
ij -278549.
jj
jj 1.62145 106
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj -1.06087 106
j
RI = jjj
jj 279710.
jj
jj
jj -559419.
jj
jj
jj -1160.62
jj
j
k -1160.62
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
ij 278549.
jj
jj -1.62145 106
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jjj 1.06087 106
R = RE - RI = jjj
jj -279710.
jj
jj
jj 559419.
jj
jj
jj 1160.62
jj
j
k 1160.62
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
System of equations
ij 5324.39
jj
jj -42.1749
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -1788.85
jj
jj 3577.71
jj
jj
jj -3535.53
jj
j
k -3535.53
-3535.53 -3535.53 y
zz
30691.
0 -20000. 3577.71
-7155.42 -3535.53 -3535.53 zzzz
zz
zz
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
zz
-20000. 0 20000.
0
0
0
0
zz
zz
3577.71
0 0
1788.85
-3577.71 0
0
zzz
zz
zz
-7155.42 0 0
-3577.71 7155.42
0
0
zz
zz
-3535.53 0 0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 zzzz
z
-3535.53 0 0
0
0
3535.53
3535.53 {
-42.1749 0 0
ij Du1 yz ijj 278549.

z
jj
jj Dv1 zzz jjjj -1.62145 106
zz jj
jj
zz j
jj
jjj Du2 zzz jjjj 0.
zz j
jj
jjj Dv2 zzz jjjj 1.06087 106
zz = j
jj
jjj Du3 zzz jjjj -279710.
zz j
jj
jjj Dv zzz jjjj
jj 3 zz jj 559419.
zz j
jjj
jj Du4 zzz jjjj 1160.62
zz jjj
jj
k Dv4 { k 1160.62
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
-1788.85 3577.71
122
Node
dof
Value
Du2
Dv2
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

-42.1749 y i Du1 y ji 278549.
ij 5324.39
zz = jj
j
zz jj
k -42.1749 30691.
{ k Dv1 { k -1.62145 106

8Du1 = 51.8978, Dv1 = -52.7602<

Du
Dv
51.8978
-52.7602

Du
Dv
0.0258094
3.25832
Total nodal values

u
8.20791
-8.74211

L = 2236.07;
A = 100.
zyz
z
{
123
Element Dd = 80.0258094, 3.25832, 0, 0<
0
yz
i -0.447214 0.894427 0
z
T = jj
0
-0.447214 0.894427 {
k0
Dd b = T Dd = H 2.90279
0. L
De = -0.00129817
s = 301.866;
Status = Yielded
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00513843.

200000
H =
;
19

ep = 0.00492726;
Et = 10000.;
Ds = E De = -259.634;
sY = 250
a = 51.8659
s = Prev s + Ds = 42.2323

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 42.2323
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0.00492726
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.00513843;
r I = T r Ib = H 1888.69
T
s = 42.2323;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 8-4223.23, 4223.23<
-3777.37 -1888.69 3777.37 L

L = 2000.;
A = 200.
Element Dd = 80.0258094, 3.25832, 0, 0<
i 0. 1. 0 0 yz
T = jj
z
k 0 0 0. 1. {
Dd b = T Dd = H 3.25832 0. L
De = -0.00162916
s = 297.502;
Status = Yielded
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00437105.

200000
H =
;
19
sY = 250
124
Et = 10000.;
ep = 0.00451271;
Ds = E De = -325.832;
a = 47.5022
s = Prev s + Ds = -28.3303

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = -28.3303
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0.00451271
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.00437105;
s = -28.3303;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 85666.06, -5666.06<
r I = T T r Ib = H 0. 5666.06
0. -5666.06 L

L = 2828.43;
A = 100.
Element Dd = 80.0258094, 3.25832, 0, 0<
0
i 0.707107 0.707107 0
yz
T = jj
z
0
0.707107 0.707107 {
k0
Dd b = T Dd = H 2.32223
0. L
De = -0.000821034
s = 190.917;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00013355.

200000
H =
;
19

Et = 10000.;
ep = 0;
Ds = E De = -164.207;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 26.7101

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 26.7101
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
sY = 250
125
Element new state:

e = 0.00013355;
s = 26.7101;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 8-2671.01, 2671.01<
r I = T r Ib = H -1888.69 -1888.69 1888.69

T
1888.69 L

ij 1.20508 10-11
jj
jj
jj 1.00954 10-10
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj -5666.06
j
RI = jjj
jj -1888.69
jj
jj
jj 3777.37
jj
jj
jj 1888.69
jj
j
k 1888.69
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zzz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
0.
jij zyz
jj 0. zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0. zz
jjj zzz
jj zz
jj 0. zz
RE = jjj zzz
jjj 0. zzz
jj zz
jjj 0. zzz
jj zz
jjj 0. zzz
jj zz
j z
k 0. {

i 1.20508 10-11
RI = jjjj
-10
k 1.00954 10
RE = 0.;
zyz;
zz
{
i 0. y
RE = jj zz;
k 0. {
R = 1.01671 10-10
i -1.20508 10-11 zy
zz
R = RE - RI = jjjj
-10 z
k -1.00954 10 {
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
2.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
126
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
8.2079
-8.7421
0.0000
11.991
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

NODE
VALUE
8.2079
-8.7421
0.0000
11.991
STAT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
ELEM
AXIALFOR
AXIALSTR
PLASTICS
4223.2
42.232
0.21116E-03
-5666.1
-28.330
-0.14165E-03
2671.0
26.710
0.13355E-03
MINIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
-5666.1
-28.330
2
-0.14165E-03
MAXIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
4223.2
42.232
1
0.21116E-03
127
!* Problem 8.5
PREP7
!*
ET,1,LINK1
!*
R,1,100, ,
R,2,200, ,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,200000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,
TB,BKIN,1,1,2,1
TBTEMP,0
TBDATA,,250,10000,,,,
n,1,,,,
n,2,0,2000
n,3,-1000,2000
n,4,2000,2000
real,1
e,1,3
real,2
e,1,2
real,1
e,1,4
D,2, , , , , ,ALL, , , , ,
D,3, , , , , ,ALL, , , , ,
D,4, , , , , ,ALL, , , , ,
SOL
FINISH
F,1,FY,-100000
LSWRITE,1,
F,1,FY,0
128
LSWRITE,2,
LSSOLVE,1,2,1,
POST1
FINISH
SET,LAST
!*
PRNSOL,U,X
!*
8.6
Determine joint displacements and axial forces in the truss shown in Figure 8.24. All members have the
same cross-sectional area and are of the same material, A = 2 in2 and E = 30 106 lb in2 . Assume kinematic hardening model with sY = 50, 000 lb in2 and H = 3 106 lb in2 . The load P = 150 , 000 lb. The
dimensions in ft are shown in the figure.
P
30
0
0
Figure 8.24.
HftL
129
For numerical calculations the k - in units are convenient. The displacements will be in inches and the
stresses in ksi. The complete computations are as follows.

Node
dof
Value
Du2
Dv2
75.
129.904

Iteration = 1
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
0 0 zz jj Du2 zz jj 75.
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 129.904 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zj
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
130
Element nodes = H 80, 0<

Load factor = 1.;
896, 0< L
L = 96
A=2
e = 0;
Element state:
s = 0;
Direction cosines: bs = 1
ms = 0
ACT L = 625

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jjj
k0
0L
Status = Elastic
CT = 30000;
H = 3000;
Et = 2727.27;
0 -625 0 yi Du1 y i 0 y
zzjj
zz jj zz
0 0
0 zzzzjjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
0 625
0 zzzzjjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zzjj
zz jj zz
0 0
0 {k Dv2 { k 0 {

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 -625 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 625
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 0 0 zzz jjj Du2 zzz jjj 75.
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
0 0 0 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 129.904 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
0 0 0 zz jj Dv3 zz jj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zzz
z
j
j
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
Element nodes = H 896, 0< 80, 72< L
Load factor = 1.;

Element state:
L = 120
A=2
e = 0;
s = 0;
4
Direction cosines: bs = -
5
3
ms =
5
ACT L = 500

CT = 30000;
0L
Status = Elastic
H = 3000;
Et = 2727.27;
131
320
jij
jj -240
jj
jj
jj -320
jj
jj
k 240
-240 -320 240 yi Du2 y i 0 y

zzjj
zz jj zz
180
240
-180 zzzzjjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
240
320
-240 zzzzjjjj Du3 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zj
zz jj z
-180 -240 180 {k Dv3 { k 0 {

625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
0 0
0
0
0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0 945
-240 -320 240
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 75.
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 -240 180
240
-180 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 129.904 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
0 -320 240
320
-240 0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 240
-180 -240 180
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zzz
z
j
j
0 0
0
0
0
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
0 -625 0
Element nodes = H 896, 0< 896, 72< L
Load factor = 1.;

Element state:
L = 72
A=2
e = 0;
s = 0;
0L
Status = Elastic
ms = 1

CT = 30000;
ij 0 0
jj
2500
jj 0
jj
3
jj
jj
jj 0 0
jj
jj
2500
k 0 -
3
H = 3000;
2500
ACT L =
3
yzi Du2 y i 0 y
zjj
zz jj zz
2500 z
zzjj
0 -
zzjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz

3
zzjj
zz = jj zz
zzjj
zzjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
0 0
zzj
z j z
z
2500
0
z{k Dv4 { k 0 {
3
0 0

Et = 2727.27;
132
625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
0 -625 0
0 0
0 945
-240
0 -240
3040
0 -320 240
0 240
-180
0 0
0 0
2500
-
3
zyz ji Du1 yz ji 0
zyz
zz jj
zz
zz jj Dv zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zzz jjj 1 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
-320 240
0 0
zz
zz jj Du2 zzzz jjjj 75.
zz
z
zz jj
jj
zz
2500 z
z
z
j
j
zz
240
-180 0 -
z
z
j
j
Dv
129.904
zz jj 2 zz jj
3
zz
zz jj
z
j
zz
=
z
j
z
z
j
j
zz
zz jj Du3 zz jj 0
320
-240 0 0
zz
zz jj
z
j
z jj
zz jj
z
zzz
zz jj Dv3 zzz jjj 0
-240 180
0 0
zz
zz jj
z
j
z
j
zzz
zz jj
zz
0
0
0 0
zz jj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz j
z
j
zz Dv
2500
0
k
k
{
4 {
0
0
0
{
3
0
0 0
0 0

625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
K T = jjjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
0 -625 0
0 0
0 945
-240
0 -240
3040
0 -320 240
0 240
-180
0 0
0 0
2500
-
3
yz
ij 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 129.904 zzz
zz;
j
RE = jj
zz
jj 0
zzz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
{
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-320 240
0 0
zz
zz
2500 z
240
-180 0 -
zzz
3
zz
zz
zz
320
-240 0 0
zz
zz
zz
-240 180
0 0
zz
zz
0
0
0 0
zz
zz
zz
2500
0
0
0
{
3
0
0 0
0 0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
j z
RI = jjj zzz;
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
k0{
yz
ij 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 129.904 zzz
zz
j
R = RE - RI = jj
zz
jj 0
zzz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
{
k0
System of equations
ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jjj
k0
0 -625 0
0 0
0 945
-240
0 -240
3040
0 -320 240
0 240
-180
0 0
0 0
2500
-
3
yz i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz jj
z
j
z
j
zz
z
-320 240
0 0
zz jjj Du2 zzz jjj 75.
zz
zz jj
z
j
zz
z
j
z
2500 z j
z
j
z
j
j
240
-180 0 -
zz jj Dv2 zz jj 129.904 zzzz
3
zz jj
z
j
zz
z=j
zz jj
zz
320
-240 0 0
zz
zz jj
z
j
zz
z j
zz jj
zz
-240 180
0 0
zz
zz jj
zzz jjj
zzz
zz jj
z
j
zz
0
0
0 0
zz
z
zz Dv
2500
{
0
0
0
{ k 4 { k 0
3
0
0 0
0 0
133

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

-240 y i Du2 y i 75.
ij 945
z j
zy
jj
zz jj
3040 z
j -240
z Dv z = j 129.904 z
{
k
{
k
2
k
{
3

8Du2 = 0.119085, Dv2 = 0.156399<

Du
Dv
0.119085
0.156399

Du
Dv
0.119085
0.156399
Total nodal values

u
0.119085
0.156399
134
L = 96;
A=2
Element Dd = 80, 0, 0.119085, 0.156399<
i1 0
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
1 0{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0. 0.119085 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00124047
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00124047.

p
Et = 2727.27;
e = 0;
Ds = E De = 37.2142;
H = 3000;
sY = 50
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 37.2142

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 37.2142
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.00124047;
s = 37.2142;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 8-74.4284, 74.4284<
r I = T r Ib = H -74.4284 0. 74.4284
0. L

L = 120;
A=2
Element Dd = 80.119085, 0.156399, 0, 0<
ij - 45
T = jjjj
k0
35
- 45
0 yz
zz
zz
35 {
Dd b = T Dd = H -0.00142897 0. L
s = 0;
De = 0.0000119081
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.0000119081.

Et = 2727.27;
ep = 0;
H = 3000;
a=0
sY = 50
135
Ds = E De = 0.357242;
s = Prev s + Ds = 0.357242

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 0.357242
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.0000119081;
s = 0.357242;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 8-0.714484, 0.714484<
r I = T T r Ib = H 0.571587 -0.42869 -0.571587 0.42869 L

L = 72;
A=2
Element Dd = 80.119085, 0.156399, 0, 0<
i0 1
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
0 1{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0.156399 0. L
s = 0;
De = -0.00217221
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00217221.

Et = 2727.27;
ep = 0;
Ds = E De = -65.1663;
H = 3000;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = -65.1663
sY - s - a
= 0.767268
s - s-a

With b = 0.767268
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = -51.3788
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = -0.000459583
1 + HE
sY = 50
136
Element new state:

e = -0.00217221;
s = -51.3788;
Status = Yielded
Local r Ib = 8102.758, -102.758<
r I = T r Ib = H 0. 102.758 0. -102.758 L
T

ij -74.4284 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 102.329 zzz
zz;
j
RI = jj
jj -0.571587 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj 0.42869 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
k -102.758 {
yz
ij 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 129.904 zzz
zz
j
RE = jj
zz
jj 0
zzz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
{
k0

yz
yz
i 75.
i 75.
z;
RE = jj
z;
RI = jj
102.329
129.904
{
{
k
k
RE = 150.;
R = 27.575
Iteration = 2
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
0 0 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 129.904 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz
zz
zj
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
Load factor = 1.;
896, 0< L
A=2
L = 96
yz
i 0.
R = RE - RI = jj
z
27.575
{
k
137
e = 0.00124047;
Element state:
s = 37.2142;
Internal force vector, r I = H -74.4284 0. 74.4284
ms = 0
ACT L = 625

625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
j
k0
0. L
Status = Elastic
CT = 30000;
H = 3000;
Et = 2727.27;
0 -625 0 yi Du1 y i 0 y
zzjj
zz jj zz
0 0
zzjj
zz = jj zz
0 625
zj
zz jj z
0 0
0 {k Dv2 { k 0 {

625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 -625 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 625
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 129.904 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zzz
z
j
j
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
Load factor = 1.;

Element state:
L = 120
A=2
e = 0.0000119081;
s = 0.357242;
Status = Elastic
Internal force vector, r I = H 0.571587 -0.42869 -0.571587 0.42869 L
4
5
3
ms =
5
ACT L = 500

320
jij
jj -240
jj
jj
jj -320
jj
j
k 240
CT = 30000;
H = 3000;
-240 -320 240 yi Du2 y i 0 y

zzjj
zz jj zz
180
240
zzjj
zz = jj zz
240
320
zj
z j z
-180 -240 180 {k Dv3 { k 0 {
Et = 2727.27;
138

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
0 945
-240 -320 240
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
0 -240 180
240
-180 0 0 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 129.904 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
0 -320 240
320
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 240
-180 -240 180
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
0 0
0
0
0
zz
zj
z j
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
0 -625 0
0 0
Element nodes = H 896, 0< 896, 72< L
Load factor = 1.;

Element state:
L = 72
A=2
e = -0.00217221;
s = -51.3788;
Internal force vector, r I = H 0. 102.758 0. -102.758 L
ms = 1

H = 3000;
CT = 2727.27;
ACT L = 75.7576
ij 0.
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
k 0.
Status = Yielded
Et = 2727.27;
0. 0.
yzij Du2 yz ij 0 yz
zj
z j z
0. -75.7576 zzzzjjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zzjj
z j z
zzjj Du zzz = jjj 0 zzz
0.
0. 0.
-75.7576 0. 75.7576 {k Dv4 { k 0 {
0.
75.7576

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
yz ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
zz jj
zz
z j
zz jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
0 945.
-240.
-320 240
0 0
zz jj Du2 zz jj 75.
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
0 -240. 255.758
240
-180 0 -75.7576 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 129.904 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz jj Du3 zz jj 0
zz
0 -320 240
320
-240 0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 240
-180
-240 180
0 0
zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 0
-75.7576 0
0
0 75.7576 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
0 -625
0 0
0 0
0 0
139
625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
j
K T = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0 945.
-240.
-320 240
0 0
zz
zz
0 -240. 255.758
240
-180 0 -75.7576 zzzz
zz
zz
0 -320 240
320
-240 0 0
zz
zz
zz
0 240
-180
-240 180
0 0
zz
zz
zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz
0 0
-75.7576 0
0
0 75.7576 {
0 -625
0 0
0 0
0 0
yz
ij 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 129.904 zzz
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
{
k0
ij -74.4284 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 102.329 zzz
zz;
RI = jjj
z
jjj -0.571587 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 0.42869 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
k -102.758 {
ij 74.4284 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 27.575 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj
z
jjj 0.571587 zzz
z
jj
jj -0.42869 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
k 102.758 {
System of equations
ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
yz ij Du1 zy ij 74.4284 yz
z j
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0.
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj
zz jj
zz
j
z
zz
zz jj Du2 zz jj 0.
0 945.
-240.
-320 240
0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
0 -240. 255.758
240
-180 0 -75.7576 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 27.575 zzzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
0 -320 240
320
-240 0 0
zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0.571587 zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz jjj Dv3 zzz jjj -0.42869 zzz
0 240
-180
-240 180
0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj Du zzz jjj 0.
zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj 4 zz jj
zz
zj
z j
0 0
-75.7576 0
0
0 75.7576 { k Dv4 { k 102.758 {
0 -625
0 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

140
-240. yz ij Du2 yz ij 0
ij 945.
yz
j
z=j
zj
z
k -240. 255.758 { k Dv2 { k 27.575 {

8Du2 = 0.0359496, Dv2 = 0.141552<

Du
Dv
0.0359496
0.141552

Du
Dv
0.155035
0.297951
Total nodal values

u
0.155035
0.297951

L = 96;
A=2
Element Dd = 80, 0, 0.155035, 0.297951<
i1 0
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
1 0{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0. 0.155035 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00161495
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00161495.

Et = 2727.27;
ep = 0;
H = 3000;
a=0
sY = 50
141
Ds = E De = 48.4485;
s = Prev s + Ds = 48.4485

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 48.4485
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.00161495;
s = 48.4485;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 8-96.8969, 96.8969<
r I = T T r Ib = H -96.8969 0. 96.8969
0. L

L = 120;
A=2
Element Dd = 80.155035, 0.297951, 0, 0<
4
ji - 5
T = jjj
j0
k
35
- 45
0 zy
zz
zz
35 {
Dd b = T Dd = H 0.0547423 0. L
s = 0;
De = -0.000456186
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.000456186.

Et = 2727.27;
ep = 0;
Ds = E De = -13.6856;
H = 3000;
sY = 50
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = -13.6856

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = -13.6856
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = -0.000456186;
s = -13.6856;
Status = Elastic
142
Local r Ib = 827.3712, -27.3712<
r I = T r Ib = H -21.8969 16.4227
T
21.8969
-16.4227 L

L = 72;
A=2
Element Dd = 80.155035, 0.297951, 0, 0<
i0 1
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
0 1{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0.297951 0. L
De = -0.0041382
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.0041382.

Et = 2727.27;
ep = 0;
Ds = E De = -124.146;
H = 3000;
sY = 50
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = -124.146
sY - s - a
= 0.402751
s - s-a

With b = 0.402751
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = -56.7406
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = -0.00224685
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = -0.0041382;
s = -56.7406;
Status = Yielded
Local r Ib = 8113.481, -113.481<
r I = T T r Ib = H 0. 113.481 0. -113.481 L

143
-96.8969 y
zz
jij
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 129.904 zzz
zz;
RI = jjj
jj 21.8969 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -16.4227 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
-113.481
{
k
0
zyz
jij
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 129.904 zzz
zz
j
zz
RE = jjj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
0
{
k

yz
i 75.
z;
RI = jj
k 129.904 {
RE = 150.;
yz
i 0.
z
R = RE - RI = jjj
-14 z
-2.84217
10
{
k
yz
i 75.
RE = jj
z;
k 129.904 {
R = 2.84217 10-14

Iteration = 1
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
896, 0< L
L = 96
A=2
e = 0.00161495;
s = 48.4485;
0. L
Status = Elastic
144
ms = 0
ACT L = 625

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -625
j
k0
CT = 30000;
Et = 2727.27;
H = 3000;
0 -625 0 yi Du1 y i 0 y
zzjj
zz jj zz
0 0
zzjj
zz = jj zz
0 625
zj
z j z
0 0
0 {k Dv2 { k 0 {

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 -625 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 625
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
0 0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
L = 120
A=2
e = -0.000456186;
s = -13.6856;
Internal force vector, r I = H -21.8969 16.4227
4
5
21.8969
-16.4227 L
3
ms =
5

H = 3000;
CT = 30000;
ACT L = 500
ij 320
jj
jj -240
jj
jj
jjj -320
j
k 240
Status = Elastic
-240 -320 240 yi Du2 y i 0 y

zzjj
zz jj zz
180
240
zzjj
zz = jj zz
240
320
zj
z j z
-180 -240 180 {k Dv3 { k 0 {

Et = 2727.27;
145
625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
0
0
0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 945
-240 -320 240
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 -240 180
240
-180 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
0 -320 240
320
-240 0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 240
-180 -240 180
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
0
0
0
zj
z j z
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
0 -625 0
Element nodes = H 896, 0< 896, 72< L
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
L = 72
A=2
e = -0.0041382;
s = -56.7406;
ms = 1

H = 3000;
CT = 2727.27;
ACT L = 75.7576
ij 0.
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
k 0.
Et = 2727.27;
0. 0.
yzij Du2 yz ij 0 yz
zj
z j z
zzjj
z j z
0.
0. 0.
zzjj 4 zz jj zz
zj
z j z
-75.7576 0. 75.7576 {k Dv4 { k 0 {
0.
75.7576

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
Status = Yielded
zz jj
z j z
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 945.
-240.
-320 240
0 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 -240. 255.758
240
-180 0 -75.7576 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
z=j z
0 -320 240
320
-240 0 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
zzz jjj Dv zzz jjj 0 zzz
0 240
-180
-240 180
0 0
zz jj 3 zz jj zz
zzz jjj
zz jj zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
-75.7576 0
0
0 75.7576 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
0 -625
0 0
0 0
0 0
146
625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
j
K T = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjj zzz;
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
k0 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0 945.
-240.
-320 240
0 0
zz
zz
0 -240. 255.758
240
-180 0 -75.7576 zzzz
zz
zz
0 -320 240
320
-240 0 0
zz
zz
zz
0 240
-180
-240 180
0 0
zz
zz
zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz
0 0
-75.7576 0
0
0 75.7576 {
0 -625
0 0
0 0
0 0
ij -96.8969 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 75.
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj 129.904 zzz
zz;
RI = jj
jjj 21.8969 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -16.4227 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
k -113.481 {
ij 96.8969 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj -75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -129.904 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj
z
jjj -21.8969 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 16.4227 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
k 113.481 {
System of equations
ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
z j
zz
zz jj
zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj
zz jj
zz
j
z
zz
zz jj Du2 zz jj -75.
0 945.
-240.
-320 240
0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
0 -240. 255.758
240
-180 0 -75.7576 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj -129.904 zzzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
0 -320 240
320
-240 0 0
zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj -21.8969 zzz
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz jj Dv zz jj 16.4227 zzz
0 240
-180
-240 180
0 0
zz jj 3 zz jj
zz
zz jj
z j
zz
zz jj Du zzz jjj 0.
zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj 4 zz jj
zz
zj
z j
z
0 0
-75.7576 0
0
0 75.7576 { k Dv4 { k 113.481 {
0 -625
0 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

147
-240. yz ij Du2 yz ij -75.

ij 945.
yz
j
z=j
zj
z
k -240. 255.758 { k Dv2 { k -129.904 {

8Du2 = -0.273554, Dv2 = -0.764617<

Du
Dv
-0.273554
-0.764617

Du
Dv
-0.273554
-0.764617
Total nodal values

u
-0.118519
-0.466667

L = 96;
A=2
Element Dd = 80, 0, -0.273554, -0.764617<
i1 0
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
1 0{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0. -0.273554 L
s = 48.4485;
De = -0.00284952
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00123457.

Et = 2727.27;
ep = 0;
H = 3000;
a=0
sY = 50
148
Ds = E De = -85.4855;
s = Prev s + Ds = -37.037

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = -37.037
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = -0.00123457;
s = -37.037;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 874.0741, -74.0741<
r I = T T r Ib = H 74.0741 0. -74.0741 0. L
L = 120;
A=2
Element Dd = 8-0.273554, -0.764617, 0, 0<
4
ji - 5
T = jjj
j0
k
35
- 45
0 zy
zz
zz
35 {
Dd b = T Dd = H -0.239928 0. L
De = 0.0019994
s = -13.6856;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00154321.

Et = 2727.27;
Ds = E De = 59.9819;
ep = 0;
H = 3000;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 46.2963

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 46.2963
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.00154321;
s = 46.2963;
Status = Elastic
sY = 50
149
Local r Ib = 8-92.5926, 92.5926<
r I = T r Ib = H 74.0741 -55.5556 -74.0741 55.5556 L

T

L = 72;
A=2
Element Dd = 8-0.273554, -0.764617, 0, 0<
i0 1
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
0 1{
Dd b = T Dd = H -0.764617 0. L
s = -56.7406;
De = 0.0106197
Status = Yielded
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00648148.

Et = 2727.27;
Ds = E De = 318.591;
H = 3000;
ep = -0.00224685;
sY = 50
a = -6.74056
s = Prev s + Ds = 261.85

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 261.85
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = -0.00224685
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.00648148;
s = 261.85;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 8-523.7, 523.7<
r I = T T r Ib = H 0. -523.7 0. 523.7 L

150
74.0741
jij
zyz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj -1.42109 10-14 zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
j -579.256
zz
zz;
RI = jjjj
zz
jj -74.0741
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 55.5556
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
k 523.7
{
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjj zzz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
j z
k0{
i -1.42109 10-14 yz
zz;
RI = jjj
k -579.256
{
RE = 0;
i 1.42109 10-14
R = RE - RI = jjj
k 579.256
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
R = 579.256
Convergence parameter = 335537.
Iteration = 2
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
896, 0< L
L = 96
A=2
e = -0.00123457;
s = -37.037;
Internal force vector, r I = H 74.0741 0. -74.0741 0. L
ms = 0
ACT L = 625

CT = 30000;
Status = Elastic
H = 3000;
Et = 2727.27;
yz
zz
{
151
625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
k0
0 -625 0 yi Du1 y i 0 y
zzjj
zz jj zz
0 0
zzjj
zz = jj zz
0 625
zj
zz jj z
0 0
0 {k Dv2 { k 0 {

625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 -625 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 625
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
L = 120
A=2
e = 0.00154321;
s = 46.2963;
Status = Elastic
4
5
3
ms =
5
ACT L = 500

320
jij
jj -240
jj
jj
jj -320
jj
jj
k 240
CT = 30000;
H = 3000;
-240 -320 240 yi Du2 y i 0 y

zzjj
zz jj zz
180
240
zzjj
zz = jj zz
240
320
zj
zz jj z
-180 -240 180 {k Dv3 { k 0 {

Et = 2727.27;
152
625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
0
0
0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 945
-240 -320 240
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 -240 180
240
-180 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
0 -320 240
320
-240 0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 240
-180 -240 180
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
0
0
0
zj
z j z
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
0 -625 0
Element nodes = H 896, 0< 896, 72< L
Load factor = 0;
L = 72
A=2
e = 0.00648148;
Element state:
s = 261.85;
ms = 1
H = 3000;
2500
ACT L =
3
CT = 30000;
0 0
jij
jj
2500
jj 0
jj
3
jj
jj 0 0
jj
jj
2500
j 0 -
k
3
zyzij Du2 yz ij 0 yz
z j z
2500 z
zzjjj
0 -

3
zzjj
zz = jj zz
zzjj
0 0
zzj
z j z
z
2500
0
z{k Dv4 { k 0 {
3
0 0

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
0 -625 0
0 0
0 945
-240
0 -240
3040
0 -320 240
0 240
-180
0 0
0 0
2500
-
3
Status = Elastic
yz i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
z j z
zzz jjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
z
z j z
zz jjj
-320 240
0 0
zz jj Du2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
z jj
z j z
2500 z
240
-180 0 -
zzz jjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
3
zz jj
z j z
zzz jjj Du zzzz = jjjj 0 zzzz
320
-240 0 0
zz jj 3 zz jj zz
z j z
zzz jjj
zz jj Dv3 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
-240 180
0 0
z j z
zzz jjj
zz jj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
0
0
0 0
z j z
zzz jj
zz Dv z j 0 z
2500
k {
k
4 {
0
0
0
{
3
0
0 0
0 0
Et = 2727.27;
153
625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
K T = jjjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
j z
RE = jjj zzz;
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
k0 {
0 -625 0
0 0
0 945
-240
0 -240
3040
0 -320 240
0 240
-180
0 0
0 0
2500
-
3
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-320 240
0 0
zz
zz
2500 z
240
-180 0 -
zzz
3
zz
zz
zz
320
-240 0 0
zz
zz
zz
-240 180
0 0
zz
zz
0
0
0 0
zz
zz
zz
2500
0
0
0
{
3
0
0 0
0 0
ij 74.0741
yz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj -1.42109 10-14 zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj -579.256
zzz
zz;
RI = jjj
jj -74.0741
zzz
jj
zz
jjj 55.5556
zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
j
z
523.7
k
{
ij -74.0741
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 1.42109 10-14
jj
jj
jj 579.256
R = RE - RI = jjjj
jj 74.0741
jj
jj
jj -55.5556
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
k -523.7
System of equations
625
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 -625 0
0 0
0 945
-240
0 -240
3040
0 -320 240
0 240
-180
0 0
0 0
2500
-
zyz ji Du1 zy ij -74.0741

zz jj
zz jj Dv zzzz jjjj 0.
zz jj 1 zz jj
zz jj
-320 240
0 0
zz jj Du2 zzzz jjjj 1.42109 10-14
zz jj
zz jj
2500 z
240
-180 0 -
zzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 579.256
3
zz jj
zz = jj
zz jj
zz jj Du3 zzzz jjjj 74.0741
320
-240 0 0
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj
zz jj Dv3 zzzz jjjj -55.5556
-240 180
0 0
z j
zzz jjj
0
0
0 0
z j
zzz jj
zz Dv z jj
2500
k
4 {
0
0
0
k -523.7
{
3
0
0 0
0 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
154

-240 y i Du2 y i 0
ij 945
zz j
zy
z j
jj
3040 z
z j Dv z = j 579.256 z
j -240
{
{
k
k
2
{
k
3

8Du2 = 0.154468, Dv2 = 0.608218<

Du
Dv
0.154468
0.608218

Du
Dv
-0.119085
-0.156399
Total nodal values

u
0.0359496
0.141552

L = 96;
A=2
Element Dd = 80, 0, -0.119085, -0.156399<
i1 0
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
1 0{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0. -0.119085 L
s = 48.4485;
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000374475.
De = -0.00124047
Status = Elastic
155

p
Et = 2727.27;
e = 0;
Ds = E De = -37.2142;
H = 3000;
sY = 50
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = 11.2343

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 11.2343
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = 0.000374475;
s = 11.2343;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 8-22.4685, 22.4685<
r I = T T r Ib = H -22.4685 0. 22.4685
0. L

L = 120;
A=2
Element Dd = 8-0.119085, -0.156399, 0, 0<
ij - 45
T = jjjj
k0
35
- 45
0 yz
zz
zz
35 {
Dd b = T Dd = H 0.00142897 0. L
De = -0.0000119081
s = -13.6856;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.000468094.

Et = 2727.27;
e = 0;
Ds = E De = -0.357242;
H = 3000;
a=0
s = Prev s + Ds = -14.0428

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = -14.0428
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = 0
1 + HE
sY = 50
156
Element new state:

e = -0.000468094;
s = -14.0428;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 828.0856, -28.0856<
r I = T r Ib = H -22.4685 16.8514
T
22.4685
-16.8514 L

L = 72;
A=2
Element Dd = 8-0.119085, -0.156399, 0, 0<
i0 1
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
0 1{
Dd b = T Dd = H -0.156399 0. L
s = -56.7406;
De = 0.00217221
Status = Yielded
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.001966.

Et = 2727.27;
H = 3000;
ep = -0.00224685;
Ds = E De = 65.1663;
sY = 50
a = -6.74056
s = Prev s + Ds = 8.42569

With b = 1
EH
New s = s + b Ds + H1 - bL De = 8.42569
E +H
1- b
New ep = ep +
De = -0.00224685
1 + HE
Element new state:

e = -0.001966;
s = 8.42569;
Status = Elastic
Local r Ib = 8-16.8514, 16.8514<
r I = T r Ib = H 0. -16.8514 0. 16.8514 L
T

157
-22.4685
jij
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj
jj 1.77636 10-14
jj
jj
jj -8.52651 10-14
RI = jjj
jj 22.4685
jj
jj
jj -16.8514
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
j
k 16.8514
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz;
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
j z
RE = jjj zzz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
k0{

i 1.77636 10-14
RI = jjjj
-14
k -8.52651 10
RE = 0;
yz
zz;
z
{
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
R = 8.70958 10-14
i -1.77636 10-14 yz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjjj
-14 z
{
k 8.52651 10
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
2.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
1
2
UX
0.0000
UY
UZ
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.35950E-01 0.14155
0.0000
0.14605
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
158

NODE
VALUE
0.35950E-01 0.14155
0.0000
0.14605
STAT
CURRENT
CURRENT
CURRENT
ELEM
AXIALFOR
AXIALSTR
PLASTICS
22.469
11.234
0.37448E-03
-28.086
-14.043
-0.46810E-03
16.851
8.4257
0.28086E-03
MINIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
-28.086
-14.043
2
-0.46810E-03
MAXIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
22.469
11.234
!* Problem 8.6
PREP7
!*
ET,1,LINK1
1
0.37448E-03
159
!*
R,1,2, ,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,30000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,
TB,BKIN,1,1,2,1
TBTEMP,0
TBDATA,,50,2727.27,,,,
n,1,,,,
n,2,96,0
n,3,0,72
n,4,96,72
e,1,2
e,2,3
e,2,4
D,1, , , , , ,ALL, , , , ,
D,3, , , , , ,ALL, , , , ,
D,4, , , , , ,ALL, , , , ,
SOL
FINISH
F,2,FX,75
F,2,FY,129.904
LSWRITE,1,
F,2,FX,0
F,2,FY,0
LSWRITE,2,
LSSOLVE,1,2,1,
POST1
FINISH
SET,LAST
!*
PRNSOL,U,X
160
!*
8.7
Analyze truss in Problem 8.6 assuming Ramberg-Osgood model with sY = 50, 000 lb in2 and n = 7.
For numerical calculations the k - in units are convenient. The displacements will be in inches and the
stresses in ksi. The complete computations are as follows.

Node
dof
Value
Du2
Dv2
75.
129.904

Iteration = 1
161
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
zz
zj
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
Load factor = 1.;

Element state:
896, 0< L
L = 96
A=2
e = 0;
s = 0;
ms = 0

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
CT = 30000;
ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
k0
0L
Status = Elastic
0 -625 0 yi Du1 y i 0 y
zzjj
zz jj zz
0 0
zzjj
zz = jj zz
0 625
zj
z j z
0 0
0 {k Dv2 { k 0 {
sY = 50;
n = 7;
ACT L = 625

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 -625 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 625
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 0 0 zzz jjj Dv3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zzz
zj
z
z j
0 0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
Load factor = 1.;
A=2
L = 120
162
e = 0;
Element state:
s = 0;
4
5
3
ms =
5

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
CT = 30000;
ij 320
jj
jj -240
jj
jj
jj -320
jj
k 240
0L
Status = Elastic
-240 -320 240 yi Du2 y i 0 y

zzjj
zz jj zz
180
240
zzjj
zz = jj zz
240
320
zj
z j z
-180 -240 180 {k Dv3 { k 0 {
sY = 50;
n = 7;
ACT L = 500

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
0 945
-240 -320 240
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
0 -240 180
240
-180 0 0 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 129.904 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
0 -320 240
320
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
0 240
-180 -240 180
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
0 0
0
0
0
zz
zj
z j
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
0 -625 0
0 0
Element nodes = H 896, 0< 896, 72< L
Load factor = 1.;
L = 72
A=2
e = 0;
Element state:
s = 0;
ms = 1

s0 = 0;
ij 0 0
jj
2500
jj 0
jj
3
jj
jj
jj 0 0
jj
jj
2500
k 0 -
3
e0 = 0;
0 0
0
2500
-
0 0
0
2500
0L
Status = Elastic
CT = 30000;
yzi Du2 y i 0 y
zzjj
zz jj zz
zzjj
zzjj
zz = jj zz
zzjj
zzjj
zz Dv z j 0 z
{k 4 { k {
sY = 50;
n = 7;
2500
ACT L =
3
163

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
0 -625 0
0 0
0 945
-240
0 -240
3040
0 -320 240
0 240
-180
0 0
0 0
2500
-
3
yz i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z j
zz
zzz jjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz jj
z
j
zz
-320 240
0 0
zz
zzz jjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 75.
z
z jj
z
j
2500 z
z jj Dv zzz jjj 129.904 zzzz
240
-180 0 -
z
zz jj 2 zz jj
3
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj Du zzzz = jjjj 0
zz
320
-240 0 0
zz jj 3 zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj
z
j
zz
zz jj Dv3 zz jj 0
-240 180
0 0
zz jj
zzz
zzz jjj
z
j
zz
zz jj Du4 zz jj 0
0
0
0 0
zz jj
z
j
zzz
z
j
z
zz Dv
2500
0
k
k
{
4 {
0
0
0
{
3
0
0 0
0 0

ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
j
K T = jjjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
0 -625 0
0 0
0 945
-240
0 -240
3040
0 -320 240
0 240
-180
0 0
0 0
2500
-
3
0
zyz
jij
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 129.904 zzz
zz
j
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
z
j
0
{
k
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-320 240
0 0
zz
z
2500 z
240
-180 0 -
zzz
3
zz
zz
zz
320
-240 0 0
zz
zz
zz
-240 180
0 0
zz
zz
0
0
0 0
zz
zz
z
2500
0
0
0
z{
3
0
0 0
0 0
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
j z
RI = jjj zzz;
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
j z
k0{
0
zyz
jij
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 129.904 zzz
zz
j
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
z
j
0
{
k
164
System of equations
ij 625
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jjj
k0
0 -625 0
0 0
0 945
-240
0 -240
3040
0 -320 240
0 240
-180
0 0
0 0
2500
-
3
yz i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z j
zz
zzz jjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
-320 240
0 0
zz
zz jj
z
j
zz
z
j
z
2500 z j
z
j
z
j
j
240
-180 0 -
zz jj Dv2 zz jj 129.904 zzzz
3
zz jj
z
j
zz
z=j
zz jj
zz
320
-240 0 0
zz
zz jj
z
j
z
j
zzz
zz jj
zz
-240 180
0 0
zz jj
z
j
zzz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
j
Du
0
0
0 0
0
zz jj 4 zz jj
zz
zz j
z
zz Dv z j 0
2500
k
k
{
4 {
0
0
0
{
3
0
0 0
0 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

-240 y i Du2 y i 75.
ij 945
zy
z j
jj
zz jj
3040 z
j -240
z Dv z = j 129.904 z
{
{
k
k
2
k
{
3

8Du2 = 0.119085, Dv2 = 0.156399<

Du
Dv
0.119085
0.156399
165
Du
Dv
0.119085
0.156399
Total nodal values

u
0.119085
0.156399

L = 96;
A=2
Element Dd = 80, 0, 0.119085, 0.156399<
i1 0
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
1 0{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0. 0.119085 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00124047
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00124047.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

Element new state:
e = 0.00124047;
s = 35.3297;
Status = Loading
Local r Ib = 8-70.6595, 70.6595<
r I = T T r Ib = H -70.6595 0. 70.6595
0. L

L = 120;
A=2
Element Dd = 80.119085, 0.156399, 0, 0<
ij - 45
T = jjj
j0
k
35
- 45
0 yz
zz
z
35 z{
Dd b = T Dd = H -0.00142897 0. L
De = 0.0000119081
166
s = 0;
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.0000119081.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

Element new state:
e = 0.0000119081;
s = 0.357242;
Status = Loading
Local r Ib = 8-0.714484, 0.714484<
r I = T T r Ib = H 0.571587 -0.42869 -0.571587 0.42869 L

L = 72;
A=2
Element Dd = 80.119085, 0.156399, 0, 0<
i0 1
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
0 1{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0.156399 0. L
s = 0;
De = -0.00217221
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00217221.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

Element new state:
e = -0.00217221;
r I = T T r Ib = H 0. 96.6267
s = -48.3134;
Status = Unloading
Local r Ib = 896.6267, -96.6267<
0. -96.6267 L

167
-70.6595 y
zz
jij
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 71.2311 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 96.198
zz
j
z;
RI = jjj
jj -0.571587 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.42869 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
-96.6267
{
k
0
zyz
jij
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 129.904 zzz
zz
j
zz
RE = jjj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
0
{
k

i 71.2311 zy
i 75.
zyz;
z;
RE = jj
RI = jj
k 96.198 {
k 129.904 {
RE = 150.;
i 3.76892 zy
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k 33.7058 {
R = 33.9158
Iteration = 2
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 0 zzz jjj Du2 zzz jjj 75.
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
zz
zzz jjj
zz
zzz jjj
zz
zj
zz
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
Load factor = 1.;

Element state:
896, 0< L
L = 96
A=2
e = 0.00124047;
s = 35.3297;
0. L
Status = Loading
ms = 0

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
CT = 21844.;
sY = 50;
n = 7;
ACT L = 455.084
168
455.084
jij
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj -455.084
jj
jj
k 0.
0. -455.084 0. yi Du1 y i 0 y
zzjj
zz jj zz
0. 0.
0. zzzzjjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
0. 455.084
0. zzzzjjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zj
zz jj z
0. 0.
0. {k Dv2 { k 0 {

455.084
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -455.084
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 -455.084 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 455.084
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 75.
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 0 0 zzz jjj Dv3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zzz
z
j
j
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
Load factor = 1.;
L = 120
A=2
e = 0.0000119081;
Element state:
s = 0.357242;
Status = Loading
4
5
3
ms =
5

s0 = 0;
320.
jij
jj -240.
jj
jj
jj -320.
jj
jj
k 240.
e0 = 0;
CT = 30000.;
-240. -320. 240. yi Du2 y i 0 y

zzjj
zz jj zz
180.
240.
-180. zzzzjjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
240.
320.
-240. zzzzjjjj Du3 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zj
zz jj z
-180. -240. 180. {k Dv3 { k 0 {
ACT L = 500.
sY = 50;

n = 7;
169
455.084
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -455.084
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
0
0
0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
-240. -320. 240.
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
180.
240.
-180. 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 129.904 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
240.
320.
-240. 0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
-180. -240. 180.
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0
0
0
zz
zj
z j
0
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
0 -455.084 0
0 0
0 775.084
0 -240.
0 -320.
0 240.
0 0
0 0
Element nodes = H 896, 0< 896, 72< L
Load factor = 1.;
L = 72
A=2
e = -0.00217221;
Element state:
Internal force vector, r I = H 0. 96.6267
0. -96.6267 L
Status = Unloading
ms = 1

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
CT = 8716.44;
ij 0.
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
k 0.
s = -48.3134;
0. 0.
yzij Du2 yz ij 0 yz
zj
z j z
zzjj
z j z
0.
0. 0.
zzjj 4 zz jj zz
zj
z j z
-242.123 0. 242.123 {k Dv4 { k 0 {
sY = 50;
n = 7;
ACT L = 242.123
0.
242.123

ij 455.084
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -455.084
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
yz ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
zz jj
zz
z j
zz jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
-240.
-320. 240.
0 0
zzz jjj Du2 zzz jjj 75.
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
422.123
240.
-180. 0 -242.123 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 129.904 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz jj Du3 zz jj 0
zz
240.
320.
-240. 0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z jj
zz
z jj
z
z
zz jj Dv3 zz jj 0
zz
-180.
-240. 180.
0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj Du4 zz jj 0
zz
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
-242.123 0
0
0 242.123 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
0 -455.084 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 775.084
0 -240.
0 -320.
0 240.
0 0
0 0
170
455.084
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -455.084
jj
jj
jj 0
j
K T = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
ij 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 129.904 zzz
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
{
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-240.
-320. 240.
0 0
zz
zz
422.123
240.
-180. 0 -242.123 zzzz
zz
zz
240.
320.
-240. 0 0
zz
zz
zz
-180.
-240. 180.
0 0
zz
zz
zz
0
0
0
0 0
zz
-242.123 0
0
0 242.123 {
0 -455.084 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 775.084
0 -240.
0 -320.
0 240.
0 0
0 0
ij -70.6595 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 71.2311 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 96.198
zz;
RI = jjj
z
jjj -0.571587 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 0.42869 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
k -96.6267 {
ij 70.6595 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 3.76892 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 33.7058 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj
z
jjj 0.571587 zzz
z
jj
jj -0.42869 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
k 96.6267 {
System of equations
ij 455.084
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -455.084
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
z j
zz
zz jj
zz
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj
zz jj
z
j
z
-240.
-320. 240.
0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
422.123
240.
-180. 0 -242.123 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 33.7058 zzzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
240.
320.
-240. 0 0
zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0.571587 zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz jjj Dv3 zzz jjj -0.42869 zzz
-180.
-240. 180.
0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj 4 zz jj
zz
zj
z j
-242.123 0
0
0 242.123 { k Dv4 { k 96.6267 {
0 -455.084 0
0 0
0 775.084
0 -240.
0 -320.
0 240.
0 0
0 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

0 0
171
ij 775.084
j
k -240.
z=j
zj
z
422.123 { k Dv2 { k 33.7058 {
-240.

8Du2 = 0.0359088, Dv2 = 0.100264<

Du
Dv
0.0359088
0.100264

Du
Dv
0.154994
0.256663
Total nodal values

u
0.154994
0.256663

L = 96;
A=2
Element Dd = 80, 0, 0.154994, 0.256663<
i1 0
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
1 0{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0. 0.154994 L
s = 0;
De = 0.00161452
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00161452.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0
172
Element new state:

e = 0.00161452;
s = 42.0546;
Status = Loading
Local r Ib = 8-84.1092, 84.1092<
r I = T r Ib = H -84.1092 0. 84.1092 0. L
T

L = 120;
A=2
Element Dd = 80.154994, 0.256663, 0, 0<
ij - 45
T = jjjj
k0
35
- 45
0 yz
zz
zz
35 {
Dd b = T Dd = H 0.0300025 0. L
s = 0;
De = -0.000250021
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.000250021.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

Element new state:
e = -0.000250021;
s = -7.50059;
Status = Unloading
Local r Ib = 815.0012, -15.0012<
r I = T r Ib = H -12.001 9.00071 12.001 -9.00071 L

T

L = 72;
A=2
Element Dd = 80.154994, 0.256663, 0, 0<
i0 1
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
0 1{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0.256663 0. L
s = 0;
De = -0.00356477
Status = Elastic
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00356477.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0
173
Element new state:

e = -0.00356477;
s = -56.5041;
Status = Unloading
Local r Ib = 8113.008, -113.008<
r I = T r Ib = H 0. 113.008 0. -113.008 L
T

ij -84.1092 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 72.1082 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 122.009 zzz
j
zzz;
j
RI = jj
jj 12.001 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -9.00071 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
k -113.008 {
yz
ij 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 75.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 129.904 zzz
zz
j
RE = jj
zz
jj 0
zzz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
{
k0

yz
i 72.1082 yz
i 75.
z;
RE = jj
z;
RI = jj
122.009
129.904
{
{
k
k
RE = 150.;
R = 8.40775
i 2.89177 yz
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k 7.8948 {


Iteration = 1
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
0 0 zz jj Du2 zz jj 67.5
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
0 0 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 116.913 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zj
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
174
896, 0< L
Load factor = 0.9;
A=2
L = 96
e = 0.00161452;
Element state:
s = 42.0546;
Internal force vector, r I = H -84.1092 0. 84.1092 0. L
ms = 0

s0 = 0;
ij 303.083
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj -303.083
jjj
k 0.
Status = Loading
e0 = 0;
CT = 14548.;
ACT L = 303.083
sY = 50;
0. -303.083 0. yi Du1 y i 0 y
zzjj
zz jj zz
0. 0.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
0. 303.083
zzjj
zz jj zz
0. 0.
0. {k Dv2 { k 0 {
n = 7;

ij 303.083
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -303.083
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 -303.083 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 303.083
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 0 0 zzz jjj Du2 zzz jjj 67.5
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
0 0 0 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 116.913 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zzz
z
j
j
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
Load factor = 0.9;
L = 120
A=2
e = -0.000250021;
Element state:
s = -7.50059;
Status = Unloading
Internal force vector, r I = H -12.001 9.00071 12.001 -9.00071 L
4
5
3
ms =
5

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
CT = 29999.;
ACT L = 499.983
sY = 50;
n = 7;
175
319.989
jij
jj -239.992
jj
jj
jj -319.989
jj
jj
k 239.992
0
Du
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
179.994
239.992
-179.994 zzjj Dv2 zz jj 0 zzzz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
239.992
319.989
-239.992 zzzzjjjj Du3 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zj
zz jj z
-179.994 -239.992 179.994 {k Dv3 { k 0 {
-239.992 -319.989 239.992

303.083
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -303.083
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
0 0
0
0
0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0 623.072
-239.992 -319.989 239.992
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 67.5
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 -239.992 179.994
239.992
-179.994 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 116.913 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
0 -319.989 239.992
319.989
-239.992 0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 239.992
-179.994 -239.992 179.994
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zzz
z
j
j
0 0
0
0
0
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
0 -303.083 0
Element nodes = H 896, 0< 896, 72< L
Load factor = 0.9;

Element state:
L = 72
A=2
e = -0.00356477;
s = -56.5041;
ms = 1

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
CT = 4138.73;
ij 0.
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jjj 0.
j
k 0.
0. 0.
yzij Du2 yz ij 0 yz
zj
z j z
zzjj
z j z
0.
0. 0.
zzjj 4 zz jj zz
zj
z j z
-114.965 0. 114.965 {k Dv4 { k 0 {
sY = 50;
n = 7;
ACT L = 114.965
0.
114.965

Status = Unloading
176
303.083
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -303.083
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
Du
zyz jij 1 zyz jij
zyz
z
zz
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj Dv1 zz jj 0
zz
zz
zz jj
zzz jjj
zz
zz jj Du2 zzz jjj 67.5
0 623.072
-239.992 -319.989 239.992
0 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
0 -239.992 294.958
239.992
-179.994 0 -114.965 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 116.913 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz jj Du3 zz jj 0
zz
0 -319.989 239.992
319.989
-239.992 0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj Dv3 zz jj 0
zz
0 239.992
-179.994 -239.992 179.994
0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj Du4 zz jj 0
zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 0
-114.965 0
0
0 114.965 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
0 -303.083 0
0 0

303.083
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -303.083
jj
jj
jj 0
j
K T = jjj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
yz
ij 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 67.5
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 116.913 zzz
zz;
j
RE = jj
zz
jj 0
zzz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
{
k0
0 -303.083 0
0 0
0 623.072
-239.992 -319.989 239.992
0 -239.992 294.958
239.992
-179.994 0
0 -319.989 239.992
319.989
-239.992 0
0 239.992
-179.994 -239.992 179.994
0 0
0 0
-114.965 0
ij -84.1092 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 72.1082 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 122.009 zzz
j
zzz;
j
RI = jj
jj 12.001 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -9.00071 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
k -113.008 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
-114.965 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
114.965 {
0
ij 84.1092 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -4.60823 zzz
zz
jjj
jj -5.09558 zzz
j
zzz
j
R = RE - RI = jj
jj -12.001 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj 9.00071 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
k 113.008 {
177
System of equations
ij 303.083
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -303.083
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0 623.072
-239.992 -319.989 239.992
0 0
zz
z
0 -239.992 294.958
239.992
-179.994 0 -114.965 zzzz
zz
zz
0 -319.989 239.992
319.989
-239.992 0 0
zz
zz
zz
0 239.992
-179.994 -239.992 179.994
0 0
zz
zz
zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz
0 0
-114.965 0
0
0 114.965 {
0 -303.083 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
z j
zz
jj
zz
jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0.
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
jj Du zz jj -4.60823 zzz
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
z
zz = jj
zz
jj
jjj Du3 zzz jjj -12.001 zzz
zz jj
zz
jj
jjj Dv3 zzz jjj 9.00071 zzz
zz jj
zz
jj
z j
zz
jj
zz
jj Du4 zzz jjj 0.
zz jj
zz
jj
k Dv4 { k 113.008 {

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

-239.992 y i Du2 y i -4.60823 y
ij 623.072
zz = jj
zz jj
zz
j
k -239.992 294.958 { k Dv2 { k -5.09558 {

8Du2 = -0.0204632, Dv2 = -0.0339254<
178
Du
Dv
-0.0204632
-0.0339254

Du
Dv
-0.0204632
-0.0339254
Total nodal values

u
0.134531
0.222738

L = 96;
A=2
Element Dd = 80, 0, -0.0204632, -0.0339254<
i1 0
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
1 0{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0. -0.0204632 L
De = -0.000213158
s = 42.0546;
Status = Loading
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00140137.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0
Unloading detected. Set s0 = 42.0546; and e0 = 0.00161452.

Element new state:
e = 0.00140137;
s = 35.6598;
Status = Unloading
Local r Ib = 8-71.3197, 71.3197<
r I = T T r Ib = H -71.3197 0. 71.3197
0. L
179

L = 120;
A=2
Element Dd = 8-0.0204632, -0.0339254, 0, 0<
4
ji - 5
T = jjj
j0
k
35
- 45
0 zy
zz
zz
35 {
Dd b = T Dd = H -0.00398467 0. L
s = -7.50059;
De = 0.0000332056
Status = Unloading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.000216815.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

Element new state:
e = -0.000216815;
s = -6.50443;
Status = Loading
Local r Ib = 813.0089, -13.0089<
r I = T r Ib = H -10.4071 7.80531 10.4071 -7.80531 L

T

L = 72;
A=2
Element Dd = 8-0.0204632, -0.0339254, 0, 0<
i0 1
T = jj
k0 0
0 0 yz
z
0 1{
Dd b = T Dd = H -0.0339254 0. L
s = -56.5041;
De = 0.000471186
Status = Unloading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00309358.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

Element new state:
e = -0.00309358;
s = -42.3686;
Status = Loading
Local r Ib = 884.7372, -84.7372<
180
r I = T T r Ib = H 0. 84.7372 0. -84.7372 L
ij -71.3197 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj 60.9126 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 92.5425 zzz
zz;
RI = jjj
jj 10.4071 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -7.80531 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
k -84.7372 {
yz
ij 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj 67.5
zz
jj
jj 116.913 zzz
zz
jj
zz
RE = jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
{
k0

i 60.9126 zy
i 67.5
zyz;
z;
RE = jj
RI = jj
k 92.5425 {
k 116.913 {
RE = 135.;
i 6.58739 zy
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k 24.3709 {
R = 25.2455
Iteration = 2
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
yz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 0 zzz jjj Du2 zzz jjj 67.5
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zj
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
896, 0< L
Load factor = 0.9;
A=2
Element state:
e = 0.00140137;
L = 96
s = 35.6598;
ms = 0
0. L
Status = Unloading
181

s0 = 42.0546;
e0 = 0.00161452;
625.
jij
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj -625.
jj
j
k 0.
sY = 50;
CT = 30000.;
0. -625. 0. yi Du1 y i 0 y
zzjj
zz jj zz
0. 0.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
0. 625.
zj
z j z
0. 0.
0. {k Dv2 { k 0 {
n = 7;
ACT L = 625.

625.
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 -625. 0 0 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz
z
j
j
0 625.
0 0 0 0 0 zzz jjj Du2 zzz jjj 67.5
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 zz jj Dv2 zz jj 116.913 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv3 zzzz jjjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zzz
z
j
j
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 zzz jjj Du4 zzz jjj 0
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
Load factor = 0.9;

Element state:
L = 120
A=2
e = -0.000216815;
s = -6.50443;
Status = Loading
Internal force vector, r I = H -10.4071 7.80531 10.4071 -7.80531 L
4
5
3
ms =
5

s0 = -7.50059;
e0 = -0.000250021;
320.
jij
jj -240.
jj
jj
jj -320.
jj
j
k 240.
-240. -320. 240. yi Du2 y i 0 y

zzjj
zz jj zz
180.
240.
-180. zzzzjjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
240.
320.
-240. zzzzjjjj Du3 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zj
z j z
-180. -240. 180. {k Dv3 { k 0 {
sY = 50;
n = 7;
CT = 30000.;
ACT L = 500.

182
625.
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
0 0
0
0
0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0 945.
-240. -320. 240.
0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 67.5
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 -240. 180.
240.
-180. 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 116.913 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
0 -320. 240.
320.
-240. 0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 240.
-180. -240. 180.
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
z
z
j
j
zz
0 0
0
0
0
zz
zj
z j
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
0 -625. 0
Element nodes = H 896, 0< 896, 72< L
Load factor = 0.9;
L = 72
A=2
e = -0.00309358;
Element state:
s = -42.3686;
ms = 1

s0 = -56.5041;
e0 = -0.00356477;
ij 0.
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
k 0.
0. 0.
yzij Du2 yz ij 0 yz
zj
z j z
zzjj
z j z
0.
0. 0.
zzjj 4 zz jj zz
zj
z j z
-833.32 0. 833.32 {k Dv4 { k 0 {
sY = 50;
n = 7;
CT = 29999.5;
ACT L = 833.32
0.
833.32

ij 625.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -625.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
Status = Loading
yz ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
zz jj
zz
z j
zz jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
0
zzz jjj Du2 zzz jjj 67.5
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
-833.32 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 116.913 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz jj Du3 zz jj 0
zz
0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z jj
zz
z jj
z
z
zz jj Dv3 zz jj 0
zz
0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj Du4 zz jj 0
zz
0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
833.32 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
0 -625. 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 945.
-240.
-320. 240.
0 -240. 1013.32
240.
-180. 0
0 -320. 240.
320.
-240. 0
0 240.
-180.
-240. 180.
0 0
0 0
-833.32 0
183
625.
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625.
jj
jj
jj 0
j
K T = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 -625. 0
0 0
0 945.
-240.
0 -240. 1013.32
0 -320. 240.
-320. 240.
240.
-180. 0
320.
-240. 0
0 240.
-180.
-240. 180.
0 0
0 0
-833.32 0
yz
ij 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 67.5
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 116.913 zzz
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
{
k0
ij -71.3197 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jjj
jj 60.9126 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj 92.5425 zzz
zz;
RI = jj
jjj 10.4071 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -7.80531 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
k -84.7372 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
-833.32 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
833.32 {
0
ij 71.3197 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 6.58739 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 24.3709 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj
z
jjj -10.4071 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 7.80531 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
k 84.7372 {
System of equations
ij 625.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-625. 0
945.
-240.
-320. 240.
yz ji Du1 zy ij 71.3197 yz
z j
zz
zz jj
zz
0
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj
zz jj
z
j
z
0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
zz jj
-833.32 zzz jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 24.3709 zzzz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
0
zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj -10.4071 zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz jjj Dv3 zzz jjj 7.80531 zzz
0
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zzz
0
zz jj 4 zz jj
zz
zj
z j
z
833.32 { k Dv4 { k 84.7372 {
0 0
0
0
-240. 1013.32
240.
-180. 0
-320. 240.
320.
-240. 0
240.
-180.
-240. 180.
-833.32 0

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

184
-240. yz ij Du2 yz ij 6.58739 yz

ij 945.
j
z=j
zj
z
k -240. 1013.32 { k Dv2 { k 24.3709 {

8Du2 = 0.0139159, Dv2 = 0.0273465<

Du
Dv
0.0139159
0.0273465

Du
Dv
-0.00654726
-0.00657889
Total nodal values

u
0.148447
0.250084

L = 96;
A=2
Element Dd = 80, 0, -0.00654726, -0.00657889<
i1 0
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
1 0{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0. -0.00654726 L
De = -0.0000682007
s = 42.0546;
Status = Loading
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.00154632.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
Unloading detected. Set s0 = 42.0546; and e0 = 0.00161452.
e0 = 0
185

Element new state:
e = 0.00154632;
s = 40.0086;
Status = Unloading
Local r Ib = 8-80.0171, 80.0171<
r I = T T r Ib = H -80.0171 0. 80.0171 0. L
L = 120;
A=2
Element Dd = 8-0.00654726, -0.00657889, 0, 0<
ij - 45
T = jjjj
k0
35
- 45
0 yz
zz
zz
35 {
Dd b = T Dd = H 0.00129047 0. L
De = -0.000010754
s = -7.50059;
Status = Unloading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.000260775.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

Element new state:
e = -0.000260775;
s = -7.8232;
Status = Unloading
Local r Ib = 815.6464, -15.6464<
r I = T T r Ib = H -12.5171 9.38784
12.5171 -9.38784 L

L = 72;
A=2
Element Dd = 8-0.00654726, -0.00657889, 0, 0<
i0 1
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
0 1{
Dd b = T Dd = H -0.00657889 0. L
De = 0.0000913735
s = -56.5041;
Status = Unloading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.00347339.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0
186

Element new state:
e = -0.00347339;
s = -53.7629;
r I = T T r Ib = H 0. 107.526
Status = Loading
Local r Ib = 8107.526, -107.526<
0. -107.526 L

ij -80.0171 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 67.5
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj 116.914 zzz
zz;
RI = jj
jjj 12.5171 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -9.38784 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
k -107.526 {
yz
ij 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 67.5
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 116.913 zzz
zz
RE = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
jj
{
k0

yz
yz
i 67.5
i 67.5
z;
RE = jj
z;
RI = jj
k 116.914 {
k 116.913 {
RE = 135.;
R = 0.000293247
i -0.0000224105 yz
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k -0.00029239 {
(iii) Load factor = 0

Iteration = 1
187
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
896, 0< L
L = 96
A=2
e = 0.00154632;
s = 40.0086;
Internal force vector, r I = H -80.0171 0. 80.0171 0. L
ms = 0

s0 = 42.0546;
e0 = 0.00161452;
ij 625.
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj -625.
jj
k 0.
0. -625. 0. yi Du1 y i 0 y
zzjj
zz jj zz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
0. 625.
zj
z j z
0. 0.
0. {k Dv2 { k 0 {
sY = 50;
CT = 30000.;
0. 0.

ij 625.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -625.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 -625. 0 0 0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Dv1 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 625.
0 0 0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
zz jj
zz = jj zz
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zj
z j z
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Status = Unloading
A=2
L = 120
n = 7;
ACT L = 625.
188
e = -0.000260775;
Element state:
s = -7.8232;
Internal force vector, r I = H -12.5171 9.38784
4
5
12.5171 -9.38784 L
3
ms =
5

s0 = 0;
e0 = 0;
CT = 29998.7;
ij 319.986
jj
jj -239.989
jj
jj
jj -319.986
jj
k 239.989
Status = Unloading
sY = 50;
n = 7;
ACT L = 499.978
yzij Du2 yz ij 0 yz
zj
z j z
179.992
239.989
-179.992 zzzzjjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
239.989
319.986
zj
z j z
-179.992 -239.989 179.992 {k Dv3 { k 0 {
-239.989 -319.986 239.989

ij 625.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 944.986
-239.989 -319.986 239.989
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 -239.989 179.992
239.989
zz jj
zz = jj zz
0 -319.986 239.989
319.986
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 239.989
-179.992 -239.989 179.992
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
0
0
0
zj
z j z
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
0 -625.
0 0
Element nodes = H 896, 0< 896, 72< L
Load factor = 0;
L = 72
A=2
e = -0.00347339;
Element state:
Internal force vector, r I = H 0. 107.526
0.
jij
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
j
k 0.
e0 = -0.00356477;
0
Du
zyzjij 2 zyz jij zyz
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
833.333
0. -833.333 zzjj Dv2 zz jj 0 zzzz
zzjj
z j z
0.
0. 0.
-833.333 0. 833.333 {k Dv4 { k 0 {
0.
Status = Loading
0. -107.526 L
ms = 1

s0 = -56.5041;
s = -53.7629;
sY = 50;
CT = 30000.;
0. 0.
n = 7;
ACT L = 833.333
189

ij 625.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zz jj
z j z
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
z j z
0 944.986
-239.989 -319.986 239.989
0 0
zzz jjj
zzz jjj zzz
0 -239.989 1013.33
239.989
-179.992 0 -833.333 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
z=j z
0 -319.986 239.989
319.986
-239.989 0 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 239.989
-179.992 -239.989 179.992
0 0
zzz jjj Dv3 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
-833.333 0
0
0 833.333 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
0 -625.
0 0
0 0
0 0

ij 625.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -625.
jj
jj 0
j
K T = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjj zzz;
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
k0 {
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0 944.986
-239.989 -319.986 239.989
0 0
zz
z
0 -239.989 1013.33
239.989
-179.992 0 -833.333 zzzz
zz
zz
0 -319.986 239.989
319.986
-239.989 0 0
zz
zz
zz
0 239.989
-179.992 -239.989 179.992
0 0
zz
zz
zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz
0 0
-833.333 0
0
0 833.333 {
0 -625.
0 0
0 0
0 0
ij -80.0171 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 67.5
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj 116.914 zzz
zz;
RI = jj
jjj 12.5171 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -9.38784 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
z
j
k -107.526 {
ij 80.0171 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj -67.5
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -116.914 zzz
zz
j
R = RE - RI = jj
z
jjj -12.5171 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 9.38784 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
z
j
k 107.526 {
190
System of equations
ij 625.
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -625.
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
944.986
-239.989 -319.986 239.989
0 0
zz
z
-239.989 1013.33
239.989
-179.992 0 -833.333 zzzz
zz
zz
-319.986 239.989
319.986
-239.989 0 0
zz
zz
zz
239.989
-179.992 -239.989 179.992
0 0
zz
zz
zz
0
0
0
0
0 0
zz
0
-833.333 0
0
0 833.333 {
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-625.
0 0
0 0
z j
zz
jj
zz
jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0.
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jj Du zz jj -67.5
zz
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz jj
zz
jj
zz = jj
zz
jj
zz jj
zz
jj
zz jj
zz
jj
z j
zz
jj
zz
jj Du4 zzz jjj 0.
zz jj
zz
jj
k Dv4 { k 107.526 {

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

-239.989 y i Du2 y i -67.5
ij 944.986
yz
zz = jj
zz jj
j
z
k -239.989 1013.33 { k Dv2 { k -116.914 {

8Du2 = -0.107177, Dv2 = -0.140759<
191
Du
Dv
-0.107177
-0.140759

Du
Dv
-0.107177
-0.140759
Total nodal values

u
0.04127
0.109325

L = 96;
A=2
Element Dd = 80, 0, -0.107177, -0.140759<
i1 0
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
1 0{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0. -0.107177 L
s = 40.0086;
De = -0.00111643
Status = Unloading
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.000429896.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 42.0546;
e0 = 0.00161452

Element new state:
e = 0.000429896;
s = 6.56568;
Local r Ib = 8-13.1314, 13.1314<
r I = T r Ib = H -13.1314 0. 13.1314
T
Status = Unloading
0. L
192
L = 120;
A=2
Element Dd = 8-0.107177, -0.140759, 0, 0<
ij - 45
T = jjj
j0
k
35
- 45
0 yz
zz
z
35 z{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0.00128599 0. L
De = -0.0000107166
s = -7.8232;
Status = Unloading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.000271492.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

Element new state:
e = -0.000271492;
s = -8.14468;
Status = Unloading
Local r Ib = 816.2894, -16.2894<
r I = T T r Ib = H -13.0315 9.77362 13.0315
-9.77362 L

L = 72;
A=2
Element Dd = 8-0.107177, -0.140759, 0, 0<
i0 1
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
0 1{
Dd b = T Dd = H -0.140759 0. L
De = 0.00195499
s = -53.7629;
Status = Loading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.0015184.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = -56.5041;
e0 = -0.00356477

Element new state:
e = -0.0015184;
s = 4.01381;
Status = Loading
Local r Ib = 8-8.02762, 8.02762<
r I = T T r Ib = H 0. -8.02762 0. 8.02762 L

193
-13.1314 y
zz
jij
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.0998716 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 1.746
zz
j
z;
RI = jjj
jj 13.0315 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -9.77362 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
8.02762
{
k
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0{

i 0.0998716 zy
z;
RI = jj
k 1.746
{
RE = 0;
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
R = 1.74885
i -0.0998716 zy
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k -1.746
{
Iteration = 2
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
Element state:
896, 0< L
L = 96
A=2
e = 0.000429896;
s = 6.56568;
0. L
Status = Unloading
ms = 0

s0 = 42.0546;
e0 = 0.00161452;
sY = 50;
CT = 29707.4;
n = 7;
ACT L = 618.904
194
618.904
jij
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj -618.904
jj
jj
k 0.
0. -618.904 0. yi Du1 y i 0 y
zzjj
zz jj zz
0. 0.
zzjj
zz = jj zz
0. 618.904
zj
zz jj z
0. 0.
0. {k Dv2 { k 0 {

618.904
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -618.904
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 -618.904 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 618.904
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zj
z j z
0 0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
Load factor = 0;
L = 120
A=2
e = -0.000271492;
Element state:
s = -8.14468;
Internal force vector, r I = H -13.0315 9.77362 13.0315
4
5
319.982
jij
jj -239.987
jj
jj
jj -319.982
jj
jj
k 239.987
e0 = 0;
CT = 29998.3;
ACT L = 499.972
sY = 50;
0
Du
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
239.987
-179.99 zzjj Dv2 zz jj 0 zzzz
zzjj
zz = jj zz
319.982
zj
zz jj z
-239.987 179.99
{k Dv3 { k 0 {
-239.987 -319.982 239.987

179.99
239.987
-179.99
-9.77362 L
3
ms =
5

s0 = 0;
Status = Unloading

n = 7;
195
618.904
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -618.904
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
0
0
0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 938.886
-239.987 -319.982 239.987
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 -239.987 179.99
239.987
zz jj
zz = jj zz
0 -319.982 239.987
319.982
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 239.987
-179.99 -239.987 179.99
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
0
0
0
zj
z j z
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
0 -618.904 0
Element nodes = H 896, 0< 896, 72< L
Load factor = 0;
L = 72
A=2
e = -0.0015184;
Element state:
s = 4.01381;
ms = 1

s0 = -56.5041;
e0 = -0.00356477;
ij 0.
jj
jj 0.
jj
jj
jj 0.
jj
k 0.
Status = Loading
0. 0.
yzij Du2 yz ij 0 yz
zj
z j z
zzjj
z j z
0.
0. 0.
zzjj 4 zz jj zz
zj
z j z
-756.903 0. 756.903 {k Dv4 { k 0 {
sY = 50;
n = 7;
CT = 27248.5;
ACT L = 756.903
0.
756.903

ij 618.904
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -618.904
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zz jj
z j z
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 938.886
-239.987 -319.982 239.987
0 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 -239.987 936.893
239.987
-179.99 0 -756.903 zzzz jjjj Dv2 zzzz jjjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
z=j z
0 -319.982 239.987
319.982
-239.987 0 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
zzz jjj Dv zzz jjj 0 zzz
0 239.987
-179.99 -239.987 179.99
0 0
zz jj 3 zz jj zz
zzz jjj
zz jj zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz jj
zz jj zz
0 0
-756.903 0
0
0 756.903 { k Dv4 { k 0 {
0 -618.904 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
196
618.904
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -618.904
jj
jj
jj 0
j
K T = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RE = jjj zzz;
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
k0 {
0 -618.904 0
0 0
0 938.886
-239.987 -319.982 239.987
0 -239.987 936.893
0 -319.982 239.987
239.987
-179.99
319.982
-239.987 0
0 239.987
-179.99
-239.987 179.99
0 0
0 0
-756.903 0
ij -13.1314 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.0998716 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 1.746
zz;
RI = jj
jjj 13.0315 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -9.77362 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
k 8.02762 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
-756.903 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
756.903 {
0
yz
ij 13.1314
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.0998716 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj -1.746
zz
R = RE - RI = jj
jjj -13.0315 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 9.77362
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
k -8.02762 {
System of equations
ij 618.904
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -618.904
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0 938.886
-239.987 -319.982 239.987
0 0
zz
z
0 -239.987 936.893
239.987
-179.99 0 -756.903 zzzz
zz
zz
0 -319.982 239.987
319.982
-239.987 0 0
zz
zz
zz
0 239.987
-179.99 -239.987 179.99
0 0
zz
zz
zz
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
zz
0 0
-756.903 0
0
0 756.903 {
0 -618.904 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
ij Du1 yz ij 13.1314
yz
z j
jj
zz
jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0.
zz
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Dv2 zzz jjj -1.746
zz
zz = jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Dv3 zzz jjj 9.77362
zzz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Du zzz jjj 0.
zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
z j
j
z
k Dv4 { k -8.02762 {
197
Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du3
Dv3
0
0
Du4
Dv4
0
0

938.886
-239.987 y i Du2 y i -0.0998716 y
jij
zz = jj
zz jj
zz
k -239.987 936.893 { k Dv2 { k -1.746
{

8Du2 = -0.00062355, Dv2 = -0.00202333<

Du
Dv
-0.00062355
-0.00202333

Du
Dv
-0.107801
-0.142783
Total nodal values

u
0.0406464
0.107302

L = 96;
A=2
198
Element Dd = 80, 0, -0.107801, -0.142783<
i1 0
T = jj
k0 0
0 0y
zz
1 0{
Dd b = T Dd = H 0. -0.107801 L
s = 40.0086;
De = -0.00112292
Status = Unloading
Total e = Prev e + De = 0.0004234.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 42.0546;
e0 = 0.00161452

Element new state:
e = 0.0004234;
s = 6.37275;
Status = Unloading
Local r Ib = 8-12.7455, 12.7455<
r I = T r Ib = H -12.7455 0. 12.7455
T
0. L

L = 120;
A=2
Element Dd = 8-0.107801, -0.142783, 0, 0<
ij - 45
T = jjjj
k0
35
- 45
0 yz
zz
zz
35 {
Dd b = T Dd = H 0.000570834 0. L
s = -7.8232;
De = -4.75695 10-6
Status = Unloading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.000265532.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = 0;
e0 = 0

Element new state:
e = -0.000265532;
s = -7.9659;
Local r Ib = 815.9318, -15.9318<
r I = T r Ib = H -12.7454 9.55908 12.7454

T

L = 72;
A=2
Status = Unloading
Element Dd = 8-0.107801, -0.142783, 0, 0<
-9.55908 L
199
i0 1
T = jj
k0 0
0 0 yz
z
0 1{
Dd b = T Dd = H -0.142783 0. L
De = 0.00198309
s = -53.7629;
Status = Loading
Total e = Prev e + De = -0.0014903.

E = 30000;
n = 7;
sY = 50;
s0 = -56.5041;
e0 = -0.00356477

Element new state:
e = -0.0014903;
s = 4.77684;
Status = Loading
Local r Ib = 8-9.55368, 9.55368<
r I = T T r Ib = H 0. -9.55368 0. 9.55368 L

yz
ij -12.7455
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj 0.0000629528 zzz
z
jj
jj 0.00540597 zzz
zz
jj
zz;
RI = jj
zz
jj 12.7454
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj -9.55908
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
9.55368
{
k

i 0.0000629528 zy
z;
RI = jj
k 0.00540597 {
RE = 0;
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
RE = jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0{
i0y
RE = jj zz;
k0{
R = 0.00540633
i -0.0000629528 zy
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k -0.00540597 {

8.8
A finite element analysis is being carried out assuming von Mises nonlinear material model with no
hardening. The model parameters are as follows.
E = 200 GPa; n = 0; Yield stress, sY = 200 MPa
200
The current stress state of a specific point in a finite element is as follows.

sx = 120 MPa; sy = -80 MPa; sz = txy = tyz = tzx = 0
The incremental nodal solution computed from global tangent equations shows the following strain
increment for this point in the element.
Dex = 0.0009; Dey = 0.0009; Dez = Dgxy = Dgyz = Dgzx = 0
(a) Show that the current stress indicates an elastic status.
(b) Show that the new stress computed as a result of the given strain increment, with the assumption of
elastic behavior, results in a state that lies outside the yield surface.
(c) Using the Secant iteration procedure, compute factor b that locates the intersection point on the yield
surface. Also compute the stresses at the intersection point.
(d) Compute factor b using the direct procedure involving solution of quadratic equation.
e = 200000; nu = 0; sY = 200;
de = 8dex, dey, dez, dexy, deyz, dezx< = 80.0009, 0.0009, 0, 0, 0, 0<;
s = 8sx, sy, sz, txy, tyz, tzx< = 8120., -80, 0, 0, 0, 0<;
(a) Show that the current stress indicates an elastic status.

1
J2 = IHsx - syL2 + Hsy - szL2 + Hsz - sxL2 M + txy^2 + tyz^2 + tzx^2
6
10133.3
1 3 sY^2 N
13333.3
Since J2 is less than 1 3 s2Y the current stress state is elastic.

(b) Show that the new stress computed as a result of the given strain increment, with the assumption of
elastic behavior, results in a state that lies outside the yield surface.
Elastic constitutive matrix
201
c = e HH1 + nuL H1 - 2 nuLL 881 - nu, nu, nu, 0, 0, 0<, 8nu, 1 - nu, nu, 0, 0, 0<, 8nu, nu, 1 - nu, 0, 0, 0<,
80, 0, 0, H1 - 2 * nuL 2, 0, 0<, 80, 0, 0, 0, H1 - 2 * nuL 2, 0<, 80, 0, 0, 0, 0, H1 - 2 * nuL 2<<
200000
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
200000 0
0
0
zz
zz
zz
0
100000 0
0
zz
zz
zz
0
0
100000 0
zz
z
0
0
0
100000 {
200000 0
0
0
0
0
New stresses based in elastic strain increment

snew = s + c.de
8300., 100., 0., 0., 0., 0.<
1
newJ2 = IHsnew@@1DD - snew@@2DDL2 + Hsnew@@2DD - snew@@3DDL2 + Hsnew@@3DD - snew@@1DDL2 M +
6
snew@@4DD^2 + snew@@5DD^2 + snew@@6DD^2
23333.3
Since new J2 is greater than 1 3 s2Y this computed stress state is outside the yield surface.
(c) Using the Secant iteration procedure, compute factor b that locates the intersection point on the yield
surface. Also compute the stresses at the intersection point.
sA = 8120., -80, 0, 0, 0, 0<
Strain increment, De = 80.0009, 0.0009, 0, 0, 0, 0<

ij 200000
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
Elastic, C = jjjj
jjj 0
jj
jjj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
200000 0
0
0
zz
zz
zz
0
100000 0
0
zz
zz
0
0
100000 0
zz
zz
0
0
0
100000 {
0
200000 0
0
0
0
0
Elastic stress increment, Ds = C.De = 8180., 180., 0., 0., 0., 0.<
sB = sA + Ds = 8300., 100., 0., 0., 0., 0.<
Yield function F1 at sA = -25.644 and F2 at sB = 64.5751
202
Initial estimate of b = F1 HF1 - F2 L =

0.284242 sC = sA + bDs = 8171.163, -28.8365, 0., 0., 0., 0.<
Secant iterations to improve b
Iteration 1
Two secant points: F1 = -25.644;
b1 = 0;
F2 = 64.5751;
F2
New b = b2 -
=
HF1 - F2 L Hb1 - b2 L
0.0807933 sC = 8134.543, -65.4572, 0., 0., 0., 0.< and F = -23.384

Iteration 2
Two secant points: F1 = 64.5751;
b1 = 0.284242;
F2 = -23.384;
b2 = 0.0807933
F2
New b = b2 -
=
HF1 - F2 L Hb1 - b2 L
0.13488 sC = 8144.278, -55.7216, 0., 0., 0., 0.< and F = -21.2248

Iteration 3
b1 = 0.0807933;
F2 = -21.2248;
b2 = 0.13488
F2
New b = b2 -
=
HF1 - F2 L Hb1 - b2 L
0.66654 sC = 8239.977, 39.9773, 0., 0., 0., 0.< and F = 22.6963

Iteration 4
b1 = 0.13488;
F2 = 22.6963;
b2 = 0.66654
F2
New b = b2 -
=
HF1 - F2 L Hb1 - b2 L
0.391804 sC = 8190.525, -9.47527, 0., 0., 0., 0.< and F = -4.56529

Iteration 5
Two secant points: F1 = 22.6963;
b1 = 0.66654;
F2 = -4.56529;
F2
New b = b2 -
=
HF1 - F2 L Hb1 - b2 L
b2 = 0.391804
0.437812 sC = 8198.806, -1.19383, 0., 0., 0., 0.< and F = -0.594235

Iteration 6
b2 = 0.284242
203

b1 = 0.391804;
F2 = -0.594235;
b2 = 0.437812
F2
New b = b2 -
=
HF1 - F2 L Hb1 - b2 L
0.444697 sC = 8200.045, 0.0454179, 0., 0., 0., 0.< and F = 0.0227128

Iteration 7
b1 = 0.437812;
F2 = 0.0227128;
b2 = 0.444697
F2
New b = b2 -
=
HF1 - F2 L Hb1 - b2 L
0.444443 sC = 8200., -0.000204798, 0., 0., 0., 0.< and F = -0.000102399

Solution converged.
Final b = 0.444443 sC = 8200., -0.000204798, 0., 0., 0., 0.< and F = -0.000102399
(d) Compute factor b using the direct procedure involving solution of quadratic equation.
Using expressions on pages 459 and 460:

a1 = 32400.;
a2 = 7200.;
a3 = -9600.
Solving the quadratic equation, b = 0.444444

Implement von Mises plasticity in fe2Quad program discussed in Chapter 2.
CHAPTER NINE
Geometric Nonlinearity
9.1
A four node element undergoes large displacement and rotation, but small strain, in the xy plane, as
shown in Figure 9.14. The element is rotated counterclockwise by 300 , its length is stretched to 1.51 and
width is reduced to 0.99. The node initially at origin is moved to (0.5, 1.5). Calculate the deformation
gradient, Green-Lagrange strains, second Piola-Kirchhoff and Cauchy stresses. Assume plane stress
conditions, E = 30000, n= 0.3, thickness = 0.2. Verify that the Kirchhoff material model and the principal
stretch formulation give essentially the same results in this small strain situation.
y
3
2.5
Deformed
2
1.5
0.5
Initial
0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75
Figure 9.14.
Element undergoing large displacements
From geometry the coordinates in the initial Hx0 , y 0 ) and the deformed (x,y) configurations are as follows.
Node x0
y0
0.5
1.5
1.5
1.8077
2.255
1.5
1.3127 3.11237
0.005 2.35737
x0={{0,0},{1.5,0},{1.5,1},{0,1}};
o={.5,1.5};a=1.51;b=0.99;c=Sqrt[a^2+b^2];
t1=30*Pi/180;t2=t1+ArcTan[b/a];
xn={o,o+a{Cos[t1],Sin[t1]},o+c{Cos[t2],Sin[t2]},
o+b{-Sin[t1],Cos[t1]}}; N[xn]
ij 0.5
jj
jj 1.8077
jj
jj
jj 1.3127
jj
k 0.005
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
3.11237 zzzz
z
2.35737 {
1.5
2.255
From the given material properties the Lame's constants and the parameter g are as follows.
e=30000;n=0.3;h0=0.2;
l=e n/((1+n)(1-2n))
17307.7
m=e/(2(1+n))
11538.5
g=2 m/(l+2m)
0.571429
In order to compute deformation gradient we first need to develop mapping of the two configurations.
The interpolation functions for mapping are as follows.
Clear[r,s,t];
n={((1 - s)*(1 - t))/4, ((1 + s)*(1 - t))/4, ((1 + s)*(1 + t))/4, ((1 - s)*(1 + t))/4};
Multiplying these interpolation functions with nodal coordinates of the element, the mappings for the
initial and the current configurations are as follows.
iniMap=Map[Chop[N[Expand[n.#]]]&,Transpose[x0]]
80.75 s + 0.75, 0.5 t + 0.5<
curMap=Map[Chop[N[Expand[n.#]]]&,Transpose[xn]]
80.653849 s - 0.2475 t + 0.906349, 0.3775 s + 0.428683 t + 2.30618<
Differentiating the mapping for the initial configuration the Jacobian matrix is as follows.
J=Map[{D[#,s],D[#,t]}&,iniMap]
ij 0.75 0
j
0.5
k0
yz
z
{
JTI=Inverse[Transpose[J]]
1.33333
jij
k 0.
0. y
zz
2. {
JC = Map[{D[#,s],D[#,t]}&,curMap]
ij 0.653849 -0.2475 yz
z
j
0.428683 {
k 0.3775
Thus the deformation gradient is as follows.

F = Transpose[JTI.Transpose[JC]]
ij 0.871799 -0.495 yz
z
j
k 0.503333 0.857365 {
detF2=Det[F]
0.9966
detF2g=detF2^g
0.998056
lnDetF=Log[detF2g]
-0.00194617
c=Transpose[F].F//Chop
yz
ij 1.01338 0
z
j
0
0.9801
{
k
ci=Inverse[c]//Chop
0.986799 0
jij
zyz
1.0203 {
k0
b=F.Transpose[F]
0.0144097 y
ij 1.00506
zz
j
k 0.0144097 0.988419 {
The second PK and Cauchy stress tensors can now be evaluated as follows.
Sp=l lnDetF ci + m(IdentityMatrix[2]-ci)

119.082 0
yz
jij
z
-268.645 {
k0
sp=(l /detF2g)lnDetF IdentityMatrix[2] +( m/detF2g)(b-IdentityMatrix[2])

yz
ij 24.7298 166.59
z
j
k 166.59 -167.631 {
The Green-Lagrange strain tensor is as follows.

ge=Chop[1/2(c-IdentityMatrix[2])]
ij 0.00668889 0
j
-0.00995
k0
yz
z
{
The thickness in the deformed configuration

h=h0 detF2^(g-1)
0.200292
With the Kirchhoff material assumption and plane stress constitutive matrix we get the following stresses.
ckp=e/(1-n^2)*{{1,n,0},{n,1,0},{0,0,(1-n)/2}}
ij 32967. 9890.11 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 9890.11 32967. 0
zz
jj
zz
j
z
0
11538.5 {
k0
ev={ge[[1,1]], ge[[2,2]], 2*ge[[1,2]]}

80.00668889, -0.00995, 0<
Pv=ckp.ev
8122.106, -261.868, 0.<
9.2
The four nodes of a 1 1 square element undergoe following large displacements.
Node X Y
-0.25
1 0.5
1 0.5
0.25
(a) Calculate the deformation gradient, Green-Lagrange strains, second Piola-Kirchhoff and Cauchy
stresses at (0.5, 0.5) in the initial configuration. Assume plane stress conditions, E = 1000, n= 0.1.
(b) Using displacements that are 1000 times less than those given, verify that under small displacements
there is no distinction between the second Piola-Kirchhoff and the Cauchy stresses.
Deformed
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
Initial
0.4
0.2
-0.2
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1.2 1.4
Figure 9.15.
x0={{0,0},{1,0},{1,1},{0,1}};
disps={{0,-0.25},{0,0},{0.5,0},{0.5,0.25}};
xn=pts+disps; N[xn]
ij 0.
jj
jj 1.
jj
jj
jj 1.5
jj
k 0.5
-0.25 y
zz
zz
0.
zz
zz
zz
1.
zz
z
1.25 {
e=1000;n=0.1;h0=1;xyPt={0.5,0.5};
l=e n/((1+n)(1-2n))
113.636
m=e/(2(1+n))
454.545
g=2 m/(l+2m)
0.888889
Clear[r,s,t];
n={((1 - s)*(1 - t))/4, ((1 + s)*(1 - t))/4, ((1 + s)*(1 + t))/4, ((1 - s)*(1 + t))/4};
80.5 s + 0.5, 0.5 t + 0.5<
Compute s and t values at the givne point
syPt = Solve@iniMap xyPt, 8s, t<D@@1DD

8s 0., t 0.<
80.5 s + 0.25 t + 0.75, -0.125 s t + 0.625 t + 0.5<
ij 0.5
j
k0
yz
z
0.5 {
ij 2. 0. yz
z
j
k 0. 2. {
ij 0.5
j
k -0.125 t
0.25
yz
z
0.625 - 0.125 s {
Substituting s and t values corresponding to the given point we have

JC = Map[{D[#,s],D[#,t]}&,curMap]/.syPt
ij 0.5
j
k 0.
0.25 y
zz
0.625 {
Thus the deformation gradient at the given point is as follows.

ij 1. 0.5 yz
j
z
k 0. 1.25 {
detF2=Det[F]
1.25
detF2g=detF2^g
1.21939
lnDetF=Log[detF2g]
0.19835
ij 1.
j
k 0.5
yz
z
1.8125 {
0.5
ci=Inverse[c]//Chop
1.16
-0.32 y
jij
zz
k -0.32 0.64 {
b=F.Transpose[F]
ij 1.25
j
k 0.625
0.625 y
zz
1.5625 {
-46.5812 138.242 y
jij
zz
178.062 {
k 138.242

ij 111.676
j
k 232.978
232.978 y
zz
228.165 {

0.25
ij 0
j
0.25
0.40625
k
yz
z
{

h=h0 detF2^(g-1)
0.975511
ckp=e/(1-n^2)*{{1,n,0},{n,1,0},{0,0,(1-n)/2}}
yz
ij 1010.1 101.01 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 101.01 1010.1 0
zz
jj
z
j
0
454.545 {
k0
ev={ge[[1,1]], ge[[2,2]], 2*ge[[1,2]]}

80, 0.40625, 0.5<
Pv=ckp.ev
841.0354, 410.354, 227.273<
10
Clearly the Kirchhoff model is not appropriate when the strains are large.
x0={{0,0},{1,0},{1,1},{0,1}};
disps={{0,-0.25},{0,0},{0.5,0},{0.5,0.25}}/1000;
xn=pts+disps; N[xn]
ij 0.
jj
jj 1.
jj
jj
jj 1.0005
jj
k 0.0005
-0.00025 y
zz
zz
0.
zz
zz
zz
1.
zz
z
1.00025 {
e=1000;n=0.1;h0=1;xyPt={0.5,0.5};
l=e n/((1+n)(1-2n))
113.636
m=e/(2(1+n))
454.545
g=2 m/(l+2m)
0.888889
Clear[r,s,t];
n={((1 - s)*(1 - t))/4, ((1 + s)*(1 - t))/4, ((1 + s)*(1 + t))/4, ((1 - s)*(1 + t))/4};
80.5 s + 0.5, 0.5 t + 0.5<
Compute s and t values at the givne point
11
syPt = Solve@iniMap xyPt, 8s, t<D@@1DD

8s 0., t 0.<
80.5 s + 0.00025 t + 0.50025, -0.000125 s t + 0.500125 t + 0.5<
ij 0.5
j
k0
yz
z
0.5 {
2. 0. y
jij
zz
k 0. 2. {
ij 0.5
j
k -0.000125 t
yz
z
0.500125 - 0.000125 s {
0.00025
Substituting s and t values corresponding to the given point we have

JC = Map[{D[#,s],D[#,t]}&,curMap]/.syPt
ij 0.5
j
k 0.
0.00025 y
zz
0.500125 {
Thus the deformation gradient at the given point is as follows.

ij 1. 0.0005 yz
z
j
k 0. 1.00025 {
detF2=Det[F]
1.00025
detF2g=detF2^g
12
1.00022
lnDetF=Log[detF2g]
0.000222194
1.
0.0005 y
zz
jij
k 0.0005 1.0005 {
ci=Inverse[c]//Chop
-0.00049975 y
ij 1.
zz
j
k -0.00049975 0.9995
{
b=F.Transpose[F]
0.000500125 y
ij 1.
zz
j
{
k 0.000500125 1.0005
0.0251358 0.227147 y
jij
zz
k 0.227147 0.252424 {

ij 0.0253574 0.227279 yz
j
z
k 0.227279 0.252494 {

ij 0
j
k 0.00025
yz
z
0.000250156 {
0.00025

h=h0 detF2^(g-1)
0.999972
13
ckp=e/(1-n^2)*{{1,n,0},{n,1,0},{0,0,(1-n)/2}}
yz
ij 1010.1 101.01 0
zz
jj
zz
jj 101.01 1010.1 0
zz
jj
z
j
0
454.545 {
k0
ev={ge[[1,1]], ge[[2,2]], 2*ge[[1,2]]}

80, 0.000250156, 0.0005<
Pv=ckp.ev
80.0252683, 0.252683, 0.227273<
In case of small strains both models give about the same stresses. Also there is no significant difference
between second PK and Cauchy stresses.
9.3
Taking large displacements into consideration, determine deflections and stresses in the structure shown
in the Figure. The center line dimensions are 80 in width and 40 in height. The members are made of plates
that are 5 in wide and 1 in thick. Apply load in 3 steps. Assume P = 2000 lb, E = 1000 psi and n = 0.25. Take
advantage of symmetry and for simplicity use only one element.
50
40
30
20
10
0
-40
Figure 9.16.
-20
x
0
20
40
14
y
40
3
4
30
20
10
1 2
0
0
10
20
30
40

Node
dof
Value
Dv3
-2000
(i) Load factor = 0.2

Iteration = 1
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
E = 1000;
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
z
z
j
j
0 0 zz jj Dv3 zz jj -400. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
n = 0.25;
Plane stress analysis.
Initial thickness = 1
g = 0.666667
15
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
75
ij
jj 2
jj 85
jj
jj 2
Initial coordinates = jjj
jj 0
jjj
jj
j
k0
yz
zz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5
5t
ji 4 - 4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 zy
4
zz
zz
5s
4 + 20 {
Current configuration
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj
j 2
Updated coordinates = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
2 zzzz
zz
z
75 z
2 {
0
5ts
5s
xHs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
yHs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
25 Hs+16L
ij
8
Deformation gradient, F p = 1detJ jjjj
k0
25 Hs+16L
yz
zz
zz
{
16
Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.

i 1.97169 -19.2783 yz
J = jj
z
k 0.528312 19.2783 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
-0.0109618 y
zz
0.04091
{
i1
Deformation gradient, F p = jj
k0
detJ = 48.1958
1 0 0 0
jij
j
j
F = jj 0 0 0 1
jj
k0 1 1 0
0y
zz;
1{
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
zyz
zz
zz
zz
{
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.153412, 0.158893, 0.0411067, -0.0465876<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.173867, 0.153412, 0.0465876, -0.0261326<

GT =
0.158893 0
0.0411067 0
-0.0465876 0
ij -0.153412 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.173867
0
0.153412
0
0.0465876
0
-0.0261326
jj
zz
j
z
k -0.173867 -0.153412 0.153412 0.158893 0.0465876 0.0411067 -0.0261326 -0.0465876 {
0
jij
jj 0
j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0 0y
zz
0 0 zzzz
zz
0 0 zzzz
zz
0 0{
BT =
ij -0.153412
jj
jj -0.173867
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.0465876 zzzz
z
-0.0261326 {
0.158893 0
0.0411067 0
-0.0465876 0
0.153412 0
0.0465876 0
-0.0261326 0
-0.153412 0
0.158893 0
0.0411067 0
-0.173867 0
0.153412 0
0.0465876 0
17
1943.95
jij
jj 1028.44
jj
jj
jj -1924.01
jj
jj
jj -986.311
j
k c = jjj
jj -520.879
jj
jj
jj -275.569
jj
jj
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jj
jj
jj @3, 1D
jj
jj
jj @4, 1D
jjj @5, 1D
jj
jjj @6, 1D
jj
jj
jj @7, 1D
jj
k @8, 1D
@1, 2D
@1, 3D
@1, 4D
@1, 5D
@1, 6D
@3, 3D
@3, 4D
@3, 5D
@3, 6D
@5, 3D
@5, 4D
@5, 5D
@5, 6D
@2, 2D
@2, 3D
@4, 2D
@4, 3D
@3, 2D
@5, 2D
@6, 2D
@7, 2D
@8, 2D
@6, 3D
@7, 3D
@8, 3D
@2, 4D
@4, 4D
@6, 4D
@7, 4D
@8, 4D
@2, 5D
@4, 5D
@6, 5D
@7, 5D
@8, 5D
@2, 6D
@4, 6D
@6, 6D
@7, 6D
@8, 6D
@1, 7D
@1, 8D y
zz
@2, 8D zzzz
zz
@3, 7D @3, 8D zzzz
zz
@4, 7D @4, 8D zzzz
zz
@5, 7D @5, 8D zzz
zz
@6, 7D @6, 8D zzzz
zz
@7, 7D @7, 8D zzzz
z
@8, 7D @8, 8D {
@2, 7D

ij 4222.95
jj
jj 2194.26
jj
jj
jj -4255.54
jj
jj
jj -2136.11
jj
jj
jjj -1944.46
jj
jjj -1063.89
jj
jj 1977.05
jj
j
k 1005.74
2194.26
-4255.54 -2136.11 -1944.46 -1063.89 1977.05
1005.74
4622.95
-2136.11 -4255.54 -1063.89 -2344.46 1005.74
1977.05
-2136.11 4354.89
2061.28
2245.11
1138.72
-2344.46 -1063.89
-4255.54 2061.28
3954.89
1138.72
2245.11
-1063.89 -1944.46
-1063.89 2245.11
1138.72
3954.89
2061.28
-4255.54 -2136.11
-2344.46 1138.72
2245.11
2061.28
4354.89
-2136.11 -4255.54
1005.74
-2344.46 -1063.89 -4255.54 -2136.11 4622.95
2194.26
1977.05
-1063.89 -1944.46 -2136.11 -4255.54 2194.26
4222.95
ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
z j
jj
zz
jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jj Du2 zz jj 0
zz
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jj Dv zz jj 0
zz
jjj 2 zzz = jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz
jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
jj
z
jjj Dv3 zzz jjj -400. zzz
zz jj
jj
zz
jj Du zz jj 0
zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
j
z j
k Dv4 { k 0
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
25
4222.95
jij
jj 2194.26
jj
jj
jj -4255.54
jj
jj
jj -2136.11
j
K T = jjj
jj -1944.46
jj
jj
jj -1063.89
jj
jj
jj 1977.05
jj
k 1005.74
yz
ij 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0.
z
jj
jj -400. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
{
k 0.
2194.26
-4255.54 -2136.11 -1944.46 -1063.89 1977.05
1005.74
4622.95
-2136.11 -4255.54 -1063.89 -2344.46 1005.74
1977.05
-2136.11 4354.89
2061.28
2245.11
1138.72
-2344.46 -1063.89
-4255.54 2061.28
3954.89
1138.72
2245.11
-1063.89 -1944.46
-1063.89 2245.11
1138.72
3954.89
2061.28
-4255.54 -2136.11
-2344.46 1138.72
2245.11
2061.28
4354.89
-2136.11 -4255.54
1005.74
-2344.46 -1063.89 -4255.54 -2136.11 4622.95
2194.26
1977.05
-1063.89 -1944.46 -2136.11 -4255.54 2194.26
4222.95
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
RI = jjj zzz;
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
k0{
yz
ij 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
jjj -400. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
{
k 0.
System of equations
ij 4222.95
jj
jj 2194.26
jj
jj
jj -4255.54
jj
jj
jj -2136.11
jj
jj
jj -1944.46
jj
jj -1063.89
jj
jj
jj 1977.05
jj
j
k 1005.74
2194.26
-4255.54 -2136.11 -1944.46 -1063.89 1977.05
1005.74
4622.95
-2136.11 -4255.54 -1063.89 -2344.46 1005.74
1977.05
-2136.11 4354.89
2245.11
1138.72
-2344.46 -1063.89
-4255.54 2061.28
3954.89
1138.72
2245.11
-1063.89 -1944.46
-1063.89 2245.11
1138.72
3954.89
2061.28
-4255.54 -2136.11
-2344.46 1138.72
2245.11
2061.28
4354.89
-2136.11 -4255.54
1005.74
-2344.46 -1063.89 -4255.54 -2136.11 4622.95
2194.26
1977.05
-1063.89 -1944.46 -2136.11 -4255.54 2194.26
4222.95
ij Du1 yz ij 0.
yz
z j
jj
zz
jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0.
zz
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jj Du zz jj 0.
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz
jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 0.
zz
zz = jj
jj
zz
jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0.
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Du zzz jjj 0.
zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
z j
j
z
k Dv4 { k 0.
{
2061.28
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
26
Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du2
Dv2
0
0
Du3
Du4

-4255.54 y i Dv3
ij 4354.89
zz jj
j
k -4255.54 4222.95 { k Dv4
yz ij -400. yz
z=j
z
{ k0
{

8Dv3 = -6.01486, Dv4 = -6.06128<

Du
Dv
-6.01486
-6.06128

Du
Dv
-6.01486
-6.06128
Total nodal values

u
-6.01486
-6.06128

Initial configuration
27
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj 2
j
Nodal coordinates = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5t
ij 54 -
4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 yz
4
zz
z
5s
4 + 20 z{
Current configuration II
0
jij
jj 0
j
Nodal displacements = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
75
ij
jj 2
jj 85
jj
Updated coordinates = jjjj 2
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-6.01486 zzzz
z
-6.06128 {
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
36.4851 zzzz
zz
31.4387 {
0
5ts
5s
xII Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
yII Hs,tL = 1.26161 t s + 1.26161 s + 16.981 t + 16.981
5t
5s
i 5 -
-
- 20
zyz
4
4
J II = jjjj 4
zz
k 1.26161 t + 1.26161 1.26161 s + 16.981 {
detJ II = 3.15402 s + 4.00592 t + 46.4583
25 Hs+16L
yz
i
0
8
zz
Deformation gradient, F IIp = H1detJ L jjjj
z
k 4.00592 t + 4.00592 3.15402 s + 4.00592 t + 46.4583 {
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 830.4087, 6.86915<

i 1.97169 -19.2783 zy
J II = jj
z
k 0.533218 16.2526 {
detJ II = 42.3245
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
28
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 xII , N2 xII , N3 xII , N4 xII = = 8-0.146457, 0.152756, 0.0392431, -0.0455422<
9N1 yII , N2 yII , N3 yII , N4 yII = = 8-0.197986, 0.174694, 0.0530502, -0.0297577<
B TL =
-0.146457 0
0.152756 0
0.0392431 0
-0.0455422 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.197986 0
0.174694 0
0.0530502 0
-0.0297577 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
k -0.197986 -0.146457 0.174694 0.152756 0.0530502 0.0392431 -0.0297577 -0.0455422 {
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
k 0.0351296 0.878179 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.878179
Element thickness, hII = 1.04425
0.0351296 y
i 1.
zz
Left Cauchy-Green tensor = jj
0.0351296
0.772433 {
k
i 0.000617046 0.0154251 yz
Green-Lagrange strain tensor, e = jj
z
-0.1144 {
k 0.0154251
i -37.7749 15.323
zyz
Cauchy stress tensor, s = jj
-137.036 {
k 15.323
Principal stresses = H -139.348 -35.4633 L
i -34.6412 17.3869 yz
Second PK stresses = jj
z
-164.287 {
k 17.3869
r Ti = H 110.435
1099.95
-136.726 -954.608 -29.5908 -294.73 55.8823
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.14797, 25.636<

i 0.528312 -19.2783 yz
J II = jj
z
16.2526 {
k 1.99
149.39 L
detJ II = 46.9502
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
29
B TL =
0.0410553 0
0.132028 0
-0.153221 0
ij -0.0198627 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.0478236
0
0.0421973
0
0.163109
0
-0.157482
jj
zzz
j
k -0.0478236 -0.0198627 0.0421973 0.0410553 0.163109 0.132028 -0.157482 -0.153221 {
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
k 0.131106 0.974155 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.974155
0.131106 y
i 1.
zz
k 0.131106 0.966167 {
i 0.00859434 0.0638586
k 0.0638586 -0.0255106
i -7.10547 53.3657 yz
z
-20.8768 {
k 53.3657
yz
z
{
Principal stresses = H -67.7993 39.817 L

i -6.98252 54.7733 yz
z
-36.2353 {
k 54.7733
r Ti = H -114.19 -2.91668 92.8372 62.044 367.826
172.424
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 832.6854, 7.48485<

i 1.97169 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
k 0.533218 17.7094 {
-346.473 -231.551 L
detJ II = 45.9665
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
-0.150699 0
0.156499 0
0.0361338 0
-0.0419339 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.1823
0
0.160853 0
0.0645473 0
-0.0431003 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
-0.150699 0.160853 0.156499 0.0645473 0.0361338 -0.0431003 -0.0419339 {
k -0.1823
0
i1
zyz;
F IIp = jj
k 0.0326827 0.887312 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.887312
30
0.0326827 y
i 1.
zz
0.0326827
0.78839 {
k
i 0.000534079 0.0144999 yz
z
-0.106339 {
k 0.0144999
i -34.5276 14.1577 yz
z
-126.194 {
k 14.1577
i -31.8824 15.9077 yz
z
-149.132 {
k 15.9077
r Ti = H 125.441 998.402 -149.545 -865.008 -15.9662 -365.172 40.0706
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.75802, 27.9339<

i 0.528312 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
17.7094 {
k 1.99
231.778 L
detJ II = 50.5921
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
0.0524972 0
0.122524 0
-0.142191 0
ij -0.0328301 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.044381
0
0.0391597
0
0.165632
0
-0.160411
jj
zz
j
z
k -0.044381 -0.0328301 0.0391597 0.0524972 0.165632 0.122524 -0.160411 -0.142191 {
0
i1
zyz;
F IIp = jj
k 0.121973 0.976602 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.976602
0.121973 y
i 1.
zz
k 0.121973 0.96863 {
i 0.00743876 0.0595598 yz
z
k 0.0595598 -0.0231239 {
31
i -6.41396 49.5656
-19.1617
k 49.5656
yz
z
{
i -6.31352 50.7468 zy
z
-32.3539 {
k 50.7468
r Ti = H -101.435 -39.6128 81.8058 94.4229
378.561 147.837
-358.931 -202.647 L
After summing contributions from all points the internal load vector is as follows:
r Ti = H 20.251 2055.82 -111.628 -1663.15 700.829
Global internal load vector
RTI = H 20.251 2055.82 -111.628 -1663.15 700.829
-339.642 -609.452 -53.0307 L
-339.642 -609.452 -53.0307 L

ij 20.251 yz
z
jj
jj 2055.82 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -111.628 zzz
z
jj
jj -1663.15 zzz
j
zzz;
j
RI = jj
jj 700.829 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -339.642 zzz
z
jj
jj -609.452 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -53.0307 {
yz
ij 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
RE = jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
z
jjj -400. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
j
{
k 0.

i -339.642 zy
i -400. zy
z;
RE = jj
z;
RI = jj
k -53.0307 {
k 0.
{
RE = 400.;
R = 80.3454
Iteration = 2
i -60.3583 zy
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k 53.0307 {
32
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
E = 1000;
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
0 0 zzz jjj Dv3 zzz jjj -400. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
n = 0.25;
g = 0.666667

1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj 2
j
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5t
ij 54 -
4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 yz
4
zz
z
5s
4 + 20 z{
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
33
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
j
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
36.4851 zzzz
zz
31.4387 {
0
5ts
5s
xHs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
yHs,tL = 1.26161 t s + 1.26161 s + 16.981 t + 16.981
25 Hs+16L
i
0
8
k 4.00592 t + 4.00592 3.15402 s + 4.00592 t + 46.4583
zyz
zz
{

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.

i 1.97169 -19.2783 yz
J = jj
z
k 0.528312 19.2783 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
detJ = 48.1958
-0.0109618 y
zz
0.04091
{
0
i1
yz
z;
k 0.0351296 0.878179 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
ij 1 0
j
F = jjjj 0 0
jj
k0 1
_
yz
z
0.878179 zzzz
zz
0.0351296 {
0.0351296 0
0
0.878179
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.153412, 0.158893, 0.0411067, -0.0465876<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.173867, 0.153412, 0.0465876, -0.0261326<
34
-0.153412 -0.00538932 0.158893 0.00558186 0.0411067 0.00144406 -0.0465876 -0

jij
j
j
G = jj 0
-0.152687
0
0.134724
0
0.0409123 0
-0
jj
0.153412 0.144926
0.0465876 0.0377357 -0.0261326 -0
k -0.173867 -0.140831
T
-34.6412
jij
jj 17.3869
j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
17.3869
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-34.6412 17.3869 zzzz
z
17.3869
-164.287 {
0
-164.287 0
0
0
B =
ij -0.153412
jj
jj -0.173867
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
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jj
jj
jj 1842.53
jj
k 1024.51
rT = H 0
2448.15
-4147.8
-2397.74 -1808.11 -1074.93 1842.53
1024.51
5391.69
-2382.16 -4933.84 -1079.08 -2612.27 1013.08
2154.42
-2382.16 4252.26
2311.55
2086.89
1158.74
-2191.35 -1088.14
-4933.84 2311.55
4553.39
1169.57
2481.41
-1083.38 -2100.96
-1079.08 2086.89
1169.57
3500.68
1869.5
-3779.46 -1959.99
-2612.27 1158.74
2481.41
1869.5
4550.86
-1953.32 -4420.01
1013.08
-2191.35 -1083.38 -3779.46 -1953.32 4128.29
2023.62
2154.42
-1088.14 -2100.96 -1959.99 -4420.01 2023.62
4366.55
0 0 0 0
0 0 0L

4113.38
jij
jj 2448.15
jj
jj
jj -4147.8
jj
jj
jj -2397.74
jj
jj
jj -1808.11
jj
jj
jj -1074.93
jj
jj
jj 1842.53
jj
k 1024.51
2448.15
-4147.8
-2397.74 -1808.11 -1074.93 1842.53
1024.51
5391.69
-2382.16 -4933.84 -1079.08 -2612.27 1013.08
2154.42
-2382.16 4252.26
2311.55
2086.89
1158.74
-2191.35 -1088.14
-4933.84 2311.55
4553.39
1169.57
2481.41
-1083.38 -2100.96
-1079.08 2086.89
1169.57
3500.68
1869.5
-3779.46 -1959.99
-2612.27 1158.74
2481.41
1869.5
4550.86
-1953.32 -4420.01
1013.08
-2191.35 -1083.38 -3779.46 -1953.32 4128.29
2023.62
2154.42
-1088.14 -2100.96 -1959.99 -4420.01 2023.62
4366.55
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
0.
Du
zz jj Dv zz jj 0. zz
zz jj 1 zz jj zz
zz jj
z j z
zz jj Du zzz jjj 0. zzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zzz jjj Du zzz jjj 0. zzz
zz jj 4 zz jj zz
zj
z j z
{ k Dv4 { k 0. {
41

ij 1 yz
jj zz
jj 2 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 3 zz
jjj zzz
jj 4 zz
j z
jj 5 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 6 zzz
jj zz
jjj 7 zzz
jj zz
k8{
@1, 1D
jij
jj @2, 1D
jj
jj
jj @3, 1D
jj
jj
jj @4, 1D
j
jjj @5, 1D
jj
jjj @6, 1D
jj
jjj @7, 1D
jj
j
k @8, 1D
@1, 2D
@1, 3D
@1, 4D
@1, 5D
@1, 6D
@3, 3D
@3, 4D
@3, 5D
@3, 6D
@5, 3D
@5, 4D
@5, 5D
@5, 6D
@2, 2D
@2, 3D
@4, 2D
@4, 3D
@3, 2D
@5, 2D
@6, 2D
@7, 2D
@8, 2D
@6, 3D
@7, 3D
@8, 3D
@2, 4D
@4, 4D
@6, 4D
@7, 4D
@8, 4D
@2, 5D
@4, 5D
@6, 5D
@7, 5D
@8, 5D
@2, 6D
@4, 6D
@6, 6D
@7, 6D
@8, 6D
@1, 7D
@1, 8D y
zz
@2, 7D @2, 8D zzzz
zz
@3, 7D @3, 8D zzzz
zz
@4, 7D @4, 8D zzzz
z
@5, 7D @5, 8D zzzz
zz
@6, 7D @6, 8D zzzz
zz
@7, 7D @7, 8D zzzz
z
@8, 7D @8, 8D {

ij 4113.38
jj
jj 2448.15
jj
jj
jj -4147.8
jj
jj
jj -2397.74
jj
jj
jj -1808.11
jj
jj -1074.93
jj
jj
jj 1842.53
jj
j
k 1024.51
2448.15
-4147.8
-2397.74 -1808.11 -1074.93 1842.53
1024.51
5391.69
-2382.16 -4933.84 -1079.08 -2612.27 1013.08
2154.42
-2382.16 4252.26
2311.55
2086.89
1158.74
-2191.35 -1088.14
-4933.84 2311.55
4553.39
1169.57
2481.41
-1083.38 -2100.96
-1079.08 2086.89
1169.57
3500.68
1869.5
-3779.46 -1959.99
-2612.27 1158.74
2481.41
1869.5
4550.86
-1953.32 -4420.01
1013.08
-2191.35 -1083.38 -3779.46 -1953.32 4128.29
2023.62
2154.42
-1088.14 -2100.96 -1959.99 -4420.01 2023.62
4366.55
ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
z j
jj
zz
jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jj Du zz jj 0
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz
jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz = jj
jj
zz
jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Du zzz jjj 0
zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
j
z j
z
k Dv4 { k 0
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
42
4113.38
jij
jj 2448.15
jj
jj
jj -4147.8
jj
jj
jj -2397.74
j
K T = jjj
jj -1808.11
jj
jj
jj -1074.93
jj
jj
jj 1842.53
jj
k 1024.51
yz
ij 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0.
z
jj
jj -400. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
{
k 0.
2448.15
-4147.8
-2397.74 -1808.11 -1074.93 1842.53
1024.51
5391.69
-2382.16 -4933.84 -1079.08 -2612.27 1013.08
2154.42
-2382.16 4252.26
2311.55
2086.89
1158.74
-2191.35 -1088.14
-4933.84 2311.55
4553.39
1169.57
2481.41
-1083.38 -2100.96
-1079.08 2086.89
1169.57
3500.68
1869.5
-3779.46 -1959.99
-2612.27 1158.74
2481.41
1869.5
4550.86
-1953.32 -4420.01
1013.08
-2191.35 -1083.38 -3779.46 -1953.32 4128.29
2023.62
2154.42
-1088.14 -2100.96 -1959.99 -4420.01 2023.62
4366.55
ij 20.251 yz
z
jj
jj 2055.82 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -111.628 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -1663.15 zzz
zz;
RI = jj
jjj 700.829 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -339.642 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -609.452 zzz
zz
jj
k -53.0307 {
ij -20.251 yz
z
jj
jj -2055.82 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 111.628 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj 1663.15 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jj
jjj -700.829 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -60.3583 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 609.452 zzz
zz
jj
k 53.0307 {
System of equations
ij 4113.38
jj
jj 2448.15
jj
jj
jj -4147.8
jj
jj
jj -2397.74
jj
jj
jj -1808.11
jj
jj -1074.93
jj
jj
jj 1842.53
jj
j
k 1024.51
2448.15
-4147.8
-2397.74 -1808.11 -1074.93 1842.53
1024.51
5391.69
-2382.16 -4933.84 -1079.08 -2612.27 1013.08
2154.42
-2382.16 4252.26
2086.89
1158.74
-2191.35 -1088.14
-4933.84 2311.55
4553.39
1169.57
2481.41
-1083.38 -2100.96
-1079.08 2086.89
1169.57
3500.68
1869.5
-3779.46 -1959.99
-2612.27 1158.74
2481.41
1869.5
4550.86
-1953.32 -4420.01
1013.08
-2191.35 -1083.38 -3779.46 -1953.32 4128.29
2023.62
2154.42
-1088.14 -2100.96 -1959.99 -4420.01 2023.62
4366.55
ij Du1 yz ij -20.251 yz
z j
jj
z
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
jj Du zz jj 111.628 zzz
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
z
zz = jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Du zzz jjj 609.452 zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
z j
j
z
k Dv4 { k 53.0307 {
2311.55
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
43
Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du2
Dv2
0
0
Du3
Du4

-4420.01 y i Dv3
ij 4550.86
zz jj
j
k -4420.01 4366.55 { k Dv4
yz ij -60.3583 yz
z=j
z
{ k 53.0307 {

8Dv3 = -0.0870262, Dv4 = -0.0759469<

Du
Dv
-0.0870262
-0.0759469

Du
Dv
-6.10188
-6.13723
Total nodal values

u
-6.10188
-6.13723

44
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj 2
j
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5t
ij 54 -
4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 yz
4
zz
z
5s
4 + 20 z{
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
0
jij
jj 0
j
jj 0
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-6.10188 zzzz
z
-6.13723 {
75
ij
jj 2
jj 85
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
36.3981 zzzz
zz
31.3628 {
0
5ts
5s
xII Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
yII Hs,tL = 1.25884 t s + 1.25884 s + 16.9402 t + 16.9402
5t
i 5 -
4
J II = jjjj 4
k 1.25884 t + 1.25884
zyz
zz
1.25884 s + 16.9402 {
5s
-
- 20
4
25 Hs+16L
i
8
k 4.00145 t + 4.00145
detJ II = 3.14709 s + 4.00145 t + 46.352

yz
zz
z
3.14709 s + 4.00145 t + 46.352 {
0
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 830.4087, 6.8526<

i 1.97169 -19.2783 zy
J II = jj
z
k 0.532047 16.2134 {
detJ II = 42.2248
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
45
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL =
-0.146449 0
0.152749 0
0.0392408 0
-0.0455409 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.198454 0
0.175106 0
0.0531756 0
-0.029828 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
k -0.198454 -0.146449 0.175106 0.152749 0.0531756 0.0392408 -0.029828 -0.0455409 {
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
k 0.0350905 0.87611 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.87611
0.0350905 y
i 1.
zz
0.0350905
0.7688
k
{
i 0.000615671 0.0153716 yz
z
-0.116216 {
k 0.0153716
i -38.5216 15.33
zyz
-139.527 {
k 15.33
i -35.2704 17.4337 yz
z
-167.775 {
k 17.4337
r Ti = H 114.694
1122.82 -141.198 -974.804 -30.7322 -300.858 57.236 152.845 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.14797, 25.5743<

i 0.528312 -19.2783 yz
J II = jj
z
k 1.98563 16.2134 {
detJ II = 46.8453
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
46
B TL =
0.0410491 0
0.132004 0
-0.153197 0
ij -0.0198557 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.0479307
0
0.0422918
0
0.163474
0
-0.157835
jj
zzz
j
k -0.0479307 -0.0198557 0.0422918 0.0410491 0.163474 0.132004 -0.157835 -0.153197 {
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
k 0.130959 0.971979 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.971979
0.130959 y
i 1.
zz
k 0.130959 0.961893 {
i 0.00857518 0.0636449
k 0.0636449 -0.0276287
i -7.724 53.3858 yz
z
k 53.3858 -23.2584 {
yz
z
{

i -7.57903 54.9151 yz
z
-38.817 {
k 54.9151
r Ti = H -113.757 2.59061 91.7788 57.1183
364.501 153.46 -342.523 -213.168 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 832.6854, 7.46696<

i 1.97169 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
{
k 0.532047 17.667
detJ II = 45.8587
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
-0.150692 0
0.156493 0
0.0361312 0
-0.0419322 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.182728 0
0.161231 0
0.064699 0
-0.0432016 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
k -0.182728 -0.150692 0.161231 0.156493 0.064699 0.0361312 -0.0432016 -0.0419322 {
0
i1
zyz;
F IIp = jj
k 0.0326462 0.885232 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.885232
47
0.0326462 y
i 1.
zz
0.0326462
0.784701 {
k
i 0.000532888 0.0144497 yz
z
-0.108182 {
k 0.0144497
i -35.2605 14.1641 yz
z
-128.671 {
k 14.1641
i -32.5082 15.9504 yz
z
-152.514 {
k 15.9504
r Ti = H 130.162 1021. -154.474 -884.964 -17.0793 -373.16 41.3912 237.125 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.75802, 27.8671<

i 0.528312 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
{
k 1.98563 17.667
detJ II = 50.4792
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
0.0524918 0
0.122501 0
-0.142169 0
ij -0.0328241 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.0444802
0
0.0392473
0
0.166002
0
-0.160769
jj
zz
j
z
k -0.0444802 -0.0328241 0.0392473 0.0524918 0.166002 0.122501 -0.160769 -0.142169 {
0
i1
zyz;
F IIp = jj
k 0.121837 0.974423 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.974423
0.121837 y
i 1.
zz
k 0.121837 0.964344 {
i 0.00742218 0.0593606 yz
z
k 0.0593606 -0.0252499 {
48
i -7.02967 49.5841
-21.5404
k 49.5841
yz
z
{
i -6.90928 50.8781 zy
z
-34.9126 {
k 50.8781
r Ti = H -100.549 -34.0855 80.2982 89.4796
375.256
127.209
-355.004 -182.603 L
r Ti = H 30.5503
2112.32 -123.595 -1713.17 691.945

RTI = H 30.5503
2112.32 -123.595 -1713.17 691.945
-393.35 -598.9 -5.80134 L
-393.35 -598.9 -5.80134 L

ij 30.5503 yz
z
jj
jj 2112.32 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -123.595 zzz
z
jj
jj -1713.17 zzz
j
zzz;
j
RI = jj
jj 691.945 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -393.35 zzz
z
jj
jj -598.9 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -5.80134 {
yz
ij 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
RE = jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
z
jjj -400. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
j
{
k 0.

i -393.35 zy
i -400. zy
z;
RE = jj
z;
RI = jj
k -5.80134 {
k 0.
{
RE = 400.;
R = 8.82494
i -6.65011 zy
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k 5.80134 {


Iteration = 1
49
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
E = 1000;
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
0 0 zzz jjj Dv3 zzz jjj -1000. zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
n = 0.25;
g = 0.666667

1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj 2
j
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5t
ij 54 -
4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 yz
4
zz
z
5s
4 + 20 z{
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
50
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
j
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
36.3981 zzzz
zz
31.3628 {
0
5ts
5s
xHs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
yHs,tL = 1.25884 t s + 1.25884 s + 16.9402 t + 16.9402
25 Hs+16L
i
8
k 4.00145 t + 4.00145
zyz
zz
3.14709 s + 4.00145 t + 46.352 {
0

Point
Weight
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i 1.97169 -19.2783 yz
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z
k 0.528312 19.2783 {
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zz
0.04091
{
0
i1
yz
z;
k 0.0350905 0.87611 {
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yz
ij 1 0 0.0350905 0
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j
0.87611 zzzz
F = jjjj 0 0 0
zz
jj
0.0350905 {
k 0 1 0.87611
_
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
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51
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-35.2704 17.4337 zzzz
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562.375
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_
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zyz
zz
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zz
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{
54
0
i1
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jij
j
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jj
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_
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zyz
0.885232 zzzz
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0.0326462 {
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56
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zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
7.72683
0
24.6904
0
-25.8015 0
zz
zz
-6.61578 0
7.72683
0
24.6904
0
-25.8015 zzzz
zz
zz
0
24.6904
0
67.0862
0
-73.8009 0
zz
z
-17.9757 0
24.6904
0
67.0862
0
-73.8009 zzzz
zz
zz
0
-25.8015 0
-73.8009 0
79.8275
0
zz
z
19.7749
0
-25.8015 0
-73.8009 0
79.8275 {
-17.9757 0
-6.61578 0
19.7749
-17.9757 0
19.7749
57
114.272
jij
jj 61.0308
jj
jj
jj -151.759
jj
jj
jj -75.9125
j
k = jjj
jj -426.467
jj
jj
jj -227.77
jj
jj
jj 463.954
jj
k 242.652
61.0308
-151.759 -75.9125 -426.467 -227.77
151.937
-75.5379 -152.709 -227.77
242.652
-567.038 242.277
567.809
-75.5379 213.458
86.1174
566.371
281.911
-628.07
-152.709 86.1174
162.668
283.309
569.917
-293.514 -579.876
-227.77
ij 100.549 yz
z
jj
jj 34.0855 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -80.2982 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -89.4796 zzz
zz
r i = jj
jjj -375.256 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -127.209 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 355.004 zzz
zz
jj
k 182.603 {
463.954
-292.491
566.371
283.309
1591.6
850.05
-1731.5
-567.038 281.911
569.917
850.05
2116.22
-904.191 -2119.09
-293.514 -1731.5
-905.589
242.277
-628.07
-904.191 1895.62
955.428
567.809
-292.491 -579.876 -905.589 -2119.09 955.428
2131.16
4114.59
jij
jj 2455.6
jj
jj
jj -4149.09
jj
jj
jj -2405.21
j
k = jjj
jjj -1808.49
jj
jjj -1078.08
jj
jj
jj 1842.99
jj
k 1027.7
rT = H 0
2455.6
-4149.09 -2405.21 -1808.49 -1078.08 1842.99
1027.7
5409.06
-2389.25 -4949.17 -1082.26 -2620.54 1015.91
2160.65
-2389.25 4253.67
2318.61
2087.41
1162.01
-2191.99 -1091.37
-4949.17 2318.61
4566.91
1173.18
2488.71
-1086.58 -2106.46
-1082.26 2087.41
1173.18
3501.24
1874.77
-3780.16 -1965.7
-2620.54 1162.01
2488.71
1874.77
4563.86
-1958.7
-4432.03
1015.91
-2191.99 -1086.58 -3780.16 -1958.7
4129.16
2029.37
2160.65
-1091.37 -2106.46 -1965.7
-4432.03 2029.37
4377.83
0 0 0 0
0 0 0L

4114.59
jij
jj 2455.6
jj
jj
jj -4149.09
jj
jj
jj -2405.21
jj
jj
jj -1808.49
jj
jj
jj -1078.08
jj
jj
jj 1842.99
jj
k 1027.7
2455.6
-4149.09 -2405.21 -1808.49 -1078.08 1842.99
1027.7
5409.06
-2389.25 -4949.17 -1082.26 -2620.54 1015.91
2160.65
-2389.25 4253.67
2318.61
2087.41
1162.01
-2191.99 -1091.37
-4949.17 2318.61
4566.91
1173.18
2488.71
-1086.58 -2106.46
-1082.26 2087.41
1173.18
3501.24
1874.77
-3780.16 -1965.7
-2620.54 1162.01
2488.71
1874.77
4563.86
-1958.7
-4432.03
1015.91
-2191.99 -1086.58 -3780.16 -1958.7
4129.16
2029.37
2160.65
-1091.37 -2106.46 -1965.7
-4432.03 2029.37
4377.83
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
0.
Du
zz jj 1 zz jj zz
zz jj
z j z
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj 4 zz jj zz
zj
z j z
{ k Dv4 { k 0. {
58

ij 1 yz
jj zz
jj 2 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 3 zz
jjj zzz
jj 4 zz
j z
jj 5 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 6 zzz
jj zz
jjj 7 zzz
jj zz
k8{
@1, 1D
jij
jj @2, 1D
jj
jj
jj @3, 1D
jj
jj
jj @4, 1D
j
jjj @5, 1D
jj
jjj @6, 1D
jj
jjj @7, 1D
jj
j
k @8, 1D
@1, 2D
@1, 3D
@1, 4D
@1, 5D
@1, 6D
@3, 3D
@3, 4D
@3, 5D
@3, 6D
@5, 3D
@5, 4D
@5, 5D
@5, 6D
@2, 2D
@2, 3D
@4, 2D
@4, 3D
@3, 2D
@5, 2D
@6, 2D
@7, 2D
@8, 2D
@6, 3D
@7, 3D
@8, 3D
@2, 4D
@4, 4D
@6, 4D
@7, 4D
@8, 4D
@2, 5D
@4, 5D
@6, 5D
@7, 5D
@8, 5D
@2, 6D
@4, 6D
@6, 6D
@7, 6D
@8, 6D
@1, 7D
@1, 8D y
zz
@2, 7D @2, 8D zzzz
zz
@3, 7D @3, 8D zzzz
zz
@4, 7D @4, 8D zzzz
z
@5, 7D @5, 8D zzzz
zz
@6, 7D @6, 8D zzzz
zz
@7, 7D @7, 8D zzzz
z
@8, 7D @8, 8D {

ij 4114.59
jj
jj 2455.6
jj
jj
jj -4149.09
jj
jj
jj -2405.21
jj
jj
jj -1808.49
jj
jj -1078.08
jj
jj
jj 1842.99
jj
j
k 1027.7
2455.6
-4149.09 -2405.21 -1808.49 -1078.08 1842.99
1027.7
5409.06
-2389.25 -4949.17 -1082.26 -2620.54 1015.91
2160.65
-2389.25 4253.67
2318.61
2087.41
1162.01
-2191.99 -1091.37
-4949.17 2318.61
4566.91
1173.18
2488.71
-1086.58 -2106.46
-1082.26 2087.41
1173.18
3501.24
1874.77
-3780.16 -1965.7
-2620.54 1162.01
2488.71
1874.77
4563.86
-1958.7
-4432.03
1015.91
-2191.99 -1086.58 -3780.16 -1958.7
4129.16
2029.37
2160.65
-1091.37 -2106.46 -1965.7
-4432.03 2029.37
4377.83
ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
z j
jj
zz
jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jj Du zz jj 0
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz
jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz = jj
jj
zz
jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Du zzz jjj 0
zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
j
z j
z
k Dv4 { k 0
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
59
4114.59
jij
jj 2455.6
jj
jj
jj -4149.09
jj
jj
jj -2405.21
j
K T = jjj
jj -1808.49
jj
jj
jj -1078.08
jj
jj
jj 1842.99
jj
k 1027.7
yz
ij 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0.
z
jj
jj -1000. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
{
k 0.
2455.6
-4149.09 -2405.21 -1808.49 -1078.08 1842.99
1027.7
5409.06
-2389.25 -4949.17 -1082.26 -2620.54 1015.91
2160.65
-2389.25 4253.67
2318.61
2087.41
1162.01
-2191.99 -1091.37
-4949.17 2318.61
4566.91
1173.18
2488.71
-1086.58 -2106.46
-1082.26 2087.41
1173.18
3501.24
1874.77
-3780.16 -1965.7
-2620.54 1162.01
2488.71
1874.77
4563.86
-1958.7
1015.91
-2191.99 -1086.58 -3780.16 -1958.7
4129.16
2029.37
2160.65
-1091.37 -2106.46 -1965.7
-4432.03 2029.37
4377.83
ij 30.5503 yz
z
jj
jj 2112.32 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -123.595 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -1713.17 zzz
zz;
RI = jj
jjj 691.945 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -393.35 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -598.9 zzz
zz
jj
k -5.80134 {
ij -30.5503 yz
z
jj
jj -2112.32 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 123.595 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj 1713.17 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jj
jjj -691.945 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -606.65 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 598.9
zz
jj
k 5.80134 {
-4432.03
System of equations
ij 4114.59
jj
jj 2455.6
jj
jj
jj -4149.09
jj
jj
jj -2405.21
jj
jj
jj -1808.49
jj
jj -1078.08
jj
jj
jj 1842.99
jj
j
k 1027.7
2455.6
-4149.09 -2405.21 -1808.49 -1078.08 1842.99
1027.7
5409.06
-2389.25 -4949.17 -1082.26 -2620.54 1015.91
2160.65
-2389.25 4253.67
2087.41
1162.01
-2191.99 -1091.37
-4949.17 2318.61
4566.91
1173.18
2488.71
-1086.58 -2106.46
-1082.26 2087.41
1173.18
3501.24
1874.77
-3780.16 -1965.7
-2620.54 1162.01
2488.71
1874.77
4563.86
-1958.7
-4432.03
1015.91
-2191.99 -1086.58 -3780.16 -1958.7
4129.16
2029.37
2160.65
-1091.37 -2106.46 -1965.7
-4432.03 2029.37
4377.83
ij Du1 yz ij -30.5503 yz
z j
jj
z
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
z
zz = jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Du zzz jjj 598.9
zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
z j
j
z
k Dv4 { k 5.80134 {
2318.61
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
60
Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du2
Dv2
0
0
Du3
Du4

-4432.03 y i Dv3
ij 4563.86
zz jj
j
k -4432.03 4377.83 { k Dv4
yz ij -606.65 yz
z=j
z
{ k 5.80134 {

8Dv3 = -7.80604, Dv4 = -7.90134<

Du
Dv
-7.80604
-7.90134

Du
Dv
-7.80604
-7.90134
Total nodal values

u
-13.9079
-14.0386

61
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj 2
j
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5t
ij 54 -
4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 yz
4
zz
z
5s
4 + 20 z{
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
0
jij
jj 0
j
jj 0
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-13.9079 zzzz
z
-14.0386 {
75
ij
jj 2
jj 85
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
28.5921 zzzz
zz
23.4614 {
0
5ts
5s
xII Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
yII Hs,tL = 1.28266 t s + 1.28266 s + 13.0134 t + 13.0134
5t
i 5 -
4
J II = jjjj 4
k 1.28266 t + 1.28266
zyz
zz
1.28266 s + 13.0134 {
5s
-
- 20
4
25 Hs+16L
i
8
k 9.38655 t + 9.38655
detJ II = 3.20666 s + 9.38655 t + 41.92

yz
zz
z
3.20666 s + 9.38655 t + 41.92 {
0
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 830.4087, 5.18711<

i 1.97169 -19.2783 zy
J II = jj
z
k 0.542117 12.2728 {
detJ II = 34.6493
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
62
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL =
-0.133505 0
0.141328 0
0.0357726 0
-0.0435955 0
jij
jj 0
-0.241843 0
0.21339 0
0.0648015 0
-0.0363494
jj
jj
k -0.241843 -0.133505 0.21339 0.141328 0.0648015 0.0357726 -0.0363494 -0.0435955
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
k 0.0823147 0.718928 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.718928
0.0823147 y
i 1.
zz
0.0823147
0.523633 {
k
i 0.00338786 0.0295892 yz
z
k 0.0295892 -0.241571 {
i -109.652 41.028
zyz
-347.087 {
k 41.028
i -87.9984 55.8741 yz
z
-550.562 {
k 55.8741
r Ti = H 182.439
3034.8 -260.767 -2640.43 -48.8842 -813.173 127.213
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.14797, 19.3586<

i 0.528312 -19.2783 yz
J II = jj
z
k 2.02321 12.2728 {
418.799 L
detJ II = 45.488
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
zyz
zz
zz
zz
{
63
B TL =
0.0332078 0
0.101694 0
-0.123933 0
ij -0.0109688 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.0493609
0
0.0435537
0
0.168352
0
-0.162545
jj
zzz
j
k -0.0493609 -0.0109688 0.0435537 0.0332078 0.168352 0.101694 -0.162545 -0.123933 {
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
k 0.307203 0.943816 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.943816
0.307203 y
i 1.
zz
k 0.307203 0.985162 {
i 0.0471868 0.144971
k 0.144971 -0.0546056
i -16.0258 127.711 yz
z
-22.1941 {
k 127.711
yz
z
{
i -15.4197 135.215 yz
z
-110.362 {
k 135.215
r Ti = H -284.181 -14.1584 233.262 151.842 921.463
428.999
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 832.6854, 5.81309<

i 1.97169 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
k 0.542117 13.7539 {
-870.544 -566.682 L
detJ II = 38.352
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
-0.139925 0
0.146993 0
0.0323189 0
-0.0393866 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.218494 0
0.192788 0
0.0773626 0
-0.0516575 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
k -0.218494 -0.139925 0.192788 0.146993 0.0773626 0.0323189 -0.0516575 -0.0393866 {
0
i1
zyz;
F IIp = jj
k 0.0765811 0.740326 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.740326
64
0.0765811 y
i 1.
zz
0.0765811
0.553948 {
k
i 0.00293233 0.0283475 yz
z
k 0.0283475 -0.225958 {
i -97.9719 37.4311 yz
z
-315.992 {
k 37.4311
i -80.1771 49.6706 yz
z
-481.241 {
k 49.6706
r Ti = H 234.455
2705. -304.602 -2349.42 -11.4711 -985.1 81.6178 629.526 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.75802, 21.6948<

i 0.528312 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
k 2.02321 13.7539 {
detJ II = 49.1907
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
0.0457627 0
0.0940394 0
-0.114604 0
ij -0.0251978 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.0456454
0
0.0402753
0
0.170351
0
-0.164981
jj
zz
j
z
k -0.0456454 -0.0251978 0.0402753 0.0457627 0.170351 0.0940394 -0.164981 -0.114604 {
0
yz
i1
z;
F IIp = jj
k 0.285804 0.94955 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.94955
0.285804 y
i 1.
zz
k 0.285804 0.983329 {
yz
i 0.0408421 0.135693
z
k 0.135693 -0.0491777 {
65
i -14.2894 118.336 yz
z
-21.192 {
k 118.336

i -13.8046 124.551 zy
z
-96.4327 {
k 124.551
r Ti = H -252.308 -100.819 205.798 228.307
941.626
376.261 -895.116 -503.749 L
r Ti = H -119.595 5624.82 -126.309 -4609.7 1802.73
RTI = H -119.595 5624.82 -126.309 -4609.7 1802.73
-993.013 -1556.83 -22.1066 L
-993.013 -1556.83 -22.1066 L

ij -119.595 yz
z
jj
jj 5624.82 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -126.309 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -4609.7 zzz
zz;
j
RI = jj
jj 1802.73 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -993.013 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jjj
jj -1556.83 zzz
zz
jj
k -22.1066 {
yz
ij 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
RE = jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
z
jjj -1000. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
z
j
{
k 0.

i -993.013 zy
i -1000. zy
z;
RE = jj
z;
RI = jj
k -22.1066 {
k 0.
{
RE = 1000.;
R = 23.1844
i -6.98666 zy
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k 22.1066 {

(iii) Load factor = 1

Iteration = 1
66
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
E = 1000;
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
0 0 zzz jjj Dv3 zzz jjj -2000 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
n = 0.25;
g = 0.666667

1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj 2
j
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5t
ij 54 -
4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 yz
4
zz
z
5s
4 + 20 z{
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
67
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
j
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
28.5921 zzzz
zz
23.4614 {
0
5ts
5s
xHs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
yHs,tL = 1.28266 t s + 1.28266 s + 13.0134 t + 13.0134
25 Hs+16L
i
8
k 9.38655 t + 9.38655
zyz
zz
3.20666 s + 9.38655 t + 41.92 {
0

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.

i 1.97169 -19.2783 yz
J = jj
z
k 0.528312 19.2783 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
detJ = 48.1958
-0.0109618 y
zz
0.04091
{
0
i1
yz
z;
k 0.0823147 0.718928 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
ij 1 0
j
F = jjjj 0 0
jj
k0 1
_
yz
z
0.718928 zzzz
zz
0.0823147 {
0.0823147 0
0
0.718928
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.153412, 0.158893, 0.0411067, -0.0465876<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.173867, 0.153412, 0.0465876, -0.0261326<
68
-0.153412 -0.0126281 0.158893 0.0130793 0.0411067 0.00338369 -0.0465876 -0.00

jij
j
j
G = jj 0
-0.124998 0
0.110292 0
0.0334931 0
-0.01
jj
k -0.173867 -0.124604 0.153412 0.126861 0.0465876 0.0333876 -0.0261326 -0.03
T
-87.9984
jij
jj 55.8741
j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
55.8741
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-87.9984 55.8741 zzzz
z
55.8741
-550.562 {
0
-550.562 0
0
0
B =
ij -0.153412
jj
jj -0.173867
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.0465876 zzzz
z
-0.0261326 {
0.158893 0
0.0411067 0
-0.0465876 0
0.153412 0
0.0465876 0
-0.0261326 0
-0.153412 0
0.158893 0
0.0411067 0
-0.173867 0
0.153412 0
0.0465876 0
2557.62
jij
jj 1381.82
jj
jj
jj -2465.04
jj
jj
jj -1353.09
j
k c = jjj
jjj -685.311
jj
jj -370.258
jj
jj
jj 592.737
jj
j
k 341.526
ij -758.301
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 673.382
jj
jj
jj 0
k s = jjj
jj 203.186
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj -118.267
jj
j
k0
1799.31
jij
jj 1381.82
jj
jj
jj -1791.66
jj
jj
jj -1353.09
j
k = jjj
jjj -482.125
jj
jjj -370.258
jj
jj
jj 474.47
jj
k 341.526
1381.82
-2465.04 -1353.09 -685.311 -370.258 592.737
341.526
4297.95
-1328.96 -3866.19 -370.258 -1151.63 317.392
719.873
-1328.96 2395.57
1290.7
660.506
356.093
-591.03
-317.835
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3489.56
362.559
1035.94
-300.168 -659.308
-370.258 660.506
362.559
183.629
99.2103
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1035.94
99.2103
308.579
-300.168 -158.823 -85.045
-85.045
-192.889
317.392
-1151.63 356.093
-591.03
157.116
67.8205
719.873
-317.835 -659.308 -91.5117 -192.889 67.8205
132.324
673.382
-758.301 0
203.186
-118.267 0
203.186
-600.296 0
0
-180.432 0
-600.296 0
107.346
-180.432 0
-180.432 0
203.186
-180.432 0
-54.4436 0
107.346
31.6895
-20.769
107.346
31.6895
-118.267 0
yz
z
-118.267 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
107.346 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
31.6895 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
-20.769 {
0
673.382
673.382
-54.4436 0
31.6895
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-483.684 -317.835 zzzz
zz
-300.168 -551.961 zzzz
zz
-127.134 -91.5117 zzz
zz
-85.045 -161.2 zzzz
zz
136.347
67.8205 zzzz
z
67.8205
111.555 {
1381.82
-1791.66 -1353.09 -482.125 -370.258 474.47
341.526
3539.65
-1328.96 -3192.81 -370.258 -948.446 317.392
601.606
-1328.96 1795.27
1290.7
480.074
356.093
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2889.26
362.559
855.511
-370.258 480.074
362.559
129.185
99.2103
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855.511
99.2103
254.135
317.392
-483.684 -300.168 -127.134 -85.045
601.606
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zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
69
-182.439 y
z
jij
jj -3034.8 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jjj
jj 260.767 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 2640.43 zzz
zz
r i = jjj
jj 48.8842 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 813.173 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -127.213 zzz
zz
jj
k -418.799 {

i 0.528312 -19.2783 zy
z
J = jj
k 1.97169 19.2783 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
detJ = 48.1958
-0.04091 y
zz
0.0109618 {
0
yz
i1
z;
k 0.307203 0.943816 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
ij 1 0 0.307203 0
yz
_
j
z
F = jjjj 0 0 0
0.943816 zzzz
jj
zz
k 0 1 0.943816 0.307203 {
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0261326, 0.0465876, 0.153412, -0.173867<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.0465876, 0.0411067, 0.158893, -0.153412<

GT =
ij -0.0261326 -0.00802802 0.0465876 0.0143118 0.153412 0.0471287 -0.173867 -0.0534125 yz

jj
z
jj 0
-0.0439701 0
0.0387972 0
0.149966 0
-0.144793 zzzz
jj
zz
j
k -0.0465876 -0.0389762 0.0411067 0.0565982 0.158893 0.193606 -0.153412 -0.211228 {
ij -15.4197
jj
jj 135.215
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-15.4197 135.215 zzzz
z
135.215
-110.362 {
0
-110.362 0
135.215
0
0
BT =
ij -0.0261326
jj
jj -0.0465876
jj
jj
jjj 0
j
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.173867 zzzz
zz
-0.153412 {
0.0465876 0
0.153412 0
-0.173867 0
0.0411067 0
0.158893 0
-0.153412 0
-0.0261326 0
0.0465876 0
0.153412 0
-0.0465876 0
0.0411067 0
0.158893 0
70
55.9196
jij
jj 21.2781
jj
jj
jj -64.651
jj
jj
jj -42.0284
j
k c = jjj
jj -232.549
jj
jj
jj -136.102
jj
jj
jj 241.281
jj
k 156.852
ij 3.816
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -10.0537
jj
jj
jj 0
k s = jjj
jjj -31.2831
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 37.5208
jj
j
k0
ij 59.7356
jj
jj 21.2781
jj
jj
jjj -74.7047
jj
jj -42.0284
j
k = jjj
jj -263.833
jj
jj
jj -136.102
jj
jj
jj 278.802
jj
k 156.852
ij 284.181 yz
z
jj
jj 14.1584 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -233.262 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -151.842 zzz
zz
r i = jj
jjj -921.463 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -428.999 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 870.544 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 566.682 {
21.2781
-64.651
-42.0284 -232.549 -136.102 241.281
156.852
146.945
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503.173
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56.8402
347.135
196.456
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134.607
197.319
502.578
-212.131 -502.36
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197.319
1180.94
672.829
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502.578
672.829
1888.36
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153.631
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-212.131 -502.36
-212.131 -1295.53 -733.183 1440.12

-736.404 -1875.65 791.682
-10.0537 0
0
-10.0537 0
14.3594
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14.3594
49.2843
-31.2831 0
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49.2843
-53.59
37.5208
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791.682
1874.83
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
49.2843
0
-53.59
0
zz
z
0
49.2843
0
-53.59 zzzz
zz
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165.93
0
-183.931 0
zz
z
0
165.93
0
-183.931 zzzz
zz
zz
-183.931 0
200.001
0
zz
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0
-183.931 0
200.001 {
0
3.816
37.5208
-31.2831 0
37.5208
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156.852
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396.419
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148.966
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197.319
1346.87
672.829
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672.829
2054.29
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153.631
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540.694
-212.131 -555.95
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-736.404 -2059.58 791.682

i 1.97169 -20.7217 yz
z
J = jj
k 0.528312 20.7217 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
-212.131
-0.0101982 y
zz
0.0380604 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
detJ = 51.8042
791.682
2074.83
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
71
0
i1
yz
z;
k 0.0765811 0.740326 {
1 0
jij
j
j
F = jj 0 0
jj
k0 1
_
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
zyz
0.740326 zzzz
zz
0.0765811 {
0.0765811 0
0
0.740326
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.156657, 0.161757, 0.0382434, -0.0433425<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.161757, 0.142726, 0.0572736, -0.0382434<

GT =
ij -0.156657 -0.011997 0.161757 0.0123875 0.0382434 0.00292872 -0.0433425 -0.00331922 yz

jj
z
jj 0
-0.119753 0
0.105664 0
0.0424012 0
-0.0283126 zzzz
jj
zz
j
k -0.161757 -0.128365 0.142726 0.130683 0.0572736 0.0326987 -0.0382434 -0.0350164 {
ij -80.1771
jj
jj 49.6706
S = jjjj
jjj 0
jj
k0
49.6706
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-80.1771 49.6706 zzzz
zz
49.6706
-481.241 {
0
-481.241 0
0
0
BT =
ij -0.156657
jj
jj -0.161757
jj
jj
jj 0
jjj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.0433425 zzzz
zz
-0.0382434 {
0.161757 0
0.0382434 0
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0.142726 0
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-0.156657 0
0.161757 0
0.0382434 0
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0.0572736 0
ij 2567.3
jj
jj 1394.02
jj
jj
jjj -2497.29
jj
jj -1357.9
j
k c = jjj
jj -739.162
jj
jj
jj -399.967
jj
jj
jj 669.146
jj
k 363.849
1394.02
-2497.29 -1357.9
3851.33
-1336.55 -3480.13 -415.599 -1303.7
-739.162 -399.967 669.146

358.127
363.849
932.498
-1336.55 2447.23
1292.15
705.792
390.632
-655.732 -346.23
-3480.13 1292.15
3156.74
411.985
1169.24
-346.23
-845.845
-415.599 705.792
411.985
222.486
114.005
-189.116 -110.391
-1303.7
1169.24
114.005
447.756
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390.632
358.127
-655.732 -346.23
932.498
-346.23
-189.116 -104.669 175.703
-845.845 -110.391 -313.296 92.772
92.772
226.644
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
72
-623.831
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 555.955
jj
jj
jj 0
j
k s = jjj
jj 216.843
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -148.968
jj
k0
ij 1943.47
jj
jj 1394.02
jj
jj
jj -1941.33
jj
jj
jj -1357.9
k = jjj
jjj -522.319
jj
jjj -399.967
jj
jj
jj 520.178
jj
k 363.849
ij -234.455 yz
z
jj
jj -2705. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj 304.602 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 2349.42 zzz
zz
j
r i = jj
jj 11.4711 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 985.1
zz
jj
zz
jjj
jj -81.6178 zzz
zz
jj
k -629.526 {
zyz
-148.968 zzzz
zz
zz
0
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133.363
0
zz
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555.955
0
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-191.602 0
133.363 zzzz
zz
zz
0
-191.602 0
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51.3396
0
zz
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216.843
0
-191.602 0
-76.5806 0
51.3396 zzzz
zz
zz
0
133.363
0
51.3396
0
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-148.968 0
133.363
0
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0
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3227.5
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1292.15
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514.19
390.632
363.849
783.53
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2659.02
411.985
977.636
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411.985
145.906
114.005
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977.636
114.005
371.176
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358.127
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783.53
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92.772
190.909

i 0.528312 -20.7217 zy
z
J = jj
k 1.97169 20.7217 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
detJ = 51.8042
-0.0380604 y
zz
0.0101982 {
0
i1
zyz;
k 0.285804 0.94955 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
yz
ij 1 0 0.285804 0
_
z
j
0.94955 zzzz
F = jjjj 0 0 0
zz
jj
k 0 1 0.94955 0.285804 {
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
73
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0382434, 0.0572736, 0.142726, -0.161757<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.0433425, 0.0382434, 0.161757, -0.156657<

GT =
ij -0.0382434 -0.0109301 0.0572736 0.016369 0.142726 0.0407918 -0.161757 -0.0462307 yz

jj
z
jj 0
-0.0411559 0
0.036314 0
0.153596 0
-0.148754 zzzz
jj
zz
j
k -0.0433425 -0.0487015 0.0382434 0.0653143 0.161757 0.181757 -0.156657 -0.198369 {
ij -13.8046
jj
jj 124.551
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-13.8046 124.551 zzzz
z
124.551
-96.4327 {
0
-96.4327 0
124.551
0
0
BT =
-0.0382434
jij
jj -0.0433425
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-0.161757 zzzz
z
-0.156657 {
0.0572736 0
0.142726 0
-0.161757 0
0.0382434 0
0.161757 0
-0.156657 0
-0.0382434 0
0.0572736 0
0.142726 0
-0.0433425 0
0.0382434 0
0.161757 0
ij 85.0421
jj
jj 48.4891
jj
jj
jj -112.742
jj
jj
jj -65.8078
k c = jjj
jj -317.381
jj
jj
jjj -180.964
jj
jj 345.081
jj
j
k 198.283
10.9595
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -15.6068
jj
jj
jj 0
j
k s = jjj
jj -40.9015
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 45.5488
jj
k0
48.4891
-112.742 -65.8078 -317.381 -180.964 345.081
198.283
146.112
-65.0398 -141.632 -180.964 -545.296 197.514
540.816
-65.0398 167.956
77.7027
420.759
242.732
-475.973 -255.395
-141.632 77.7027
148.052
245.598
528.577
-257.493 -534.997
-180.964 420.759
245.598
1184.48
675.366
-1287.86 -740.001
-545.296 242.732
528.577
675.366
2035.07
-737.134 -2018.35
197.514
-475.973 -257.493 -1287.86 -737.134 1418.75
797.113
540.816
-255.395 -534.997 -740.001 -2018.35 797.113
2012.53
-15.6068 0
10.9595
-15.6068 0
-40.9015 0
18.613
-40.9015 0
58.2454
-15.6068 0
18.613
58.2454
152.646
58.2454
152.646
58.2454
-40.9015 0
0
-61.2516 0
45.5488
-169.99
-61.2516 0
0
-169.99
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-61.2516 0
zz
zz
0
-61.2516 zzzz
zz
zz
-169.99 0
zz
z
0
-169.99 zzzz
zz
zz
185.693
0
zz
z
0
185.693 {
45.5488
45.5488
74
96.0016
jij
jj 48.4891
jj
jj
jj -128.349
jj
jj
jj -65.8078
j
k = jjj
jj -358.283
jj
jj
jj -180.964
jj
jj
jj 390.63
jj
k 198.283
ij 252.308 yz
z
jj
jj 100.819 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -205.798 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -228.307 zzz
zz
r i = jj
jjj -941.626 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -376.261 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 895.116 zzz
zz
jj
k 503.749 {
48.4891
-128.349 -65.8078 -358.283 -180.964 390.63
198.283
157.071
-65.0398 -157.239 -180.964 -586.198 197.514
586.365
-65.0398 186.569
77.7027
479.005
242.732
-537.225 -255.395
-157.239 77.7027
166.665
245.598
586.822
-257.493 -596.248
-180.964 479.005
245.598
1337.13
675.366
-1457.85 -740.001
-586.198 242.732
586.822
675.366
2187.72
-737.134 -2188.34
197.514
-537.225 -257.493 -1457.85 -737.134 1604.45
797.113
586.365
-255.395 -596.248 -740.001 -2188.34 797.113
2198.23
3898.52
jij
jj 2845.61
jj
jj
jj -3936.04
jj
jj
jj -2818.83
j
k = jjj
jjj -1626.56
jj
jjj -1087.29
jj
jj
jj 1664.08
jj
k 1060.51
rT = H 0
2845.61
-3936.04 -2818.83 -1626.56 -1087.29 1664.08
1060.51
7074.98
-2771.71 -6419.1
2512.2
-2771.71 4049.1
-6419.1
2717.39
-1100.56 -3168.08 1026.66

1869.69
1185.91
-1982.75 -1131.59
2717.39
5863.91
1217.46
2971.83
-1116.02 -2416.64
-1100.56 1869.69
1217.46
2959.09
1561.41
-3202.22 -1678.31
-3168.08 1185.91
2971.83
1561.41
4867.32
-1660.03 -4671.08
1026.66
-1982.75 -1116.02 -3202.22 -1660.03 3520.89
1749.39
2512.2
-1131.59 -2416.64 -1678.31 -4671.08 1749.39
4575.53
0 0 0 0
0 0 0L

3898.52
jij
jj 2845.61
jj
jj
jj -3936.04
jj
jj
jj -2818.83
jj
jj
jj -1626.56
jj
jj
jj -1087.29
jj
jj
jj 1664.08
jj
k 1060.51
2845.61
-3936.04 -2818.83 -1626.56 -1087.29 1664.08
1060.51
7074.98
-2771.71 -6419.1
2512.2
-2771.71 4049.1
-6419.1
2717.39
-1100.56 -3168.08 1026.66

1869.69
1185.91
-1982.75 -1131.59
2717.39
5863.91
1217.46
2971.83
-1116.02 -2416.64
-1100.56 1869.69
1217.46
2959.09
1561.41
-3202.22 -1678.31
-3168.08 1185.91
2971.83
1561.41
4867.32
-1660.03 -4671.08
1026.66
-1982.75 -1116.02 -3202.22 -1660.03 3520.89
1749.39
2512.2
-1131.59 -2416.64 -1678.31 -4671.08 1749.39
4575.53
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
0.
Du
zz jj 1 zz jj zz
zz jj
z j z
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj 4 zz jj zz
zj
z j z
{ k Dv4 { k 0. {
75

ij 1 yz
jj zz
jj 2 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 3 zz
jjj zzz
jj 4 zz
j z
jj 5 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 6 zzz
jj zz
jjj 7 zzz
jj zz
k8{
@1, 1D
jij
jj @2, 1D
jj
jj
jj @3, 1D
jj
jj
jj @4, 1D
j
jjj @5, 1D
jj
jjj @6, 1D
jj
jjj @7, 1D
jj
j
k @8, 1D
@1, 2D
@1, 3D
@1, 4D
@1, 5D
@1, 6D
@3, 3D
@3, 4D
@3, 5D
@3, 6D
@5, 3D
@5, 4D
@5, 5D
@5, 6D
@2, 2D
@2, 3D
@4, 2D
@4, 3D
@3, 2D
@5, 2D
@6, 2D
@7, 2D
@8, 2D
@6, 3D
@7, 3D
@8, 3D
@2, 4D
@4, 4D
@6, 4D
@7, 4D
@8, 4D
@2, 5D
@4, 5D
@6, 5D
@7, 5D
@8, 5D
@2, 6D
@4, 6D
@6, 6D
@7, 6D
@8, 6D
@1, 7D
@1, 8D y
zz
@2, 7D @2, 8D zzzz
zz
@3, 7D @3, 8D zzzz
zz
@4, 7D @4, 8D zzzz
z
@5, 7D @5, 8D zzzz
zz
@6, 7D @6, 8D zzzz
zz
@7, 7D @7, 8D zzzz
z
@8, 7D @8, 8D {

ij 3898.52
jj
jj 2845.61
jj
jj
jj -3936.04
jj
jj
jj -2818.83
jj
jj
jj -1626.56
jj
jj -1087.29
jj
jj
jj 1664.08
jj
j
k 1060.51
2845.61
-3936.04 -2818.83 -1626.56 -1087.29 1664.08
1060.51
7074.98
-2771.71 -6419.1
2512.2
-2771.71 4049.1
-6419.1
2717.39
-1100.56 -3168.08 1026.66

1869.69
1185.91
-1982.75 -1131.59
2717.39
5863.91
1217.46
2971.83
-1116.02 -2416.64
-1100.56 1869.69
1217.46
2959.09
1561.41
-3202.22 -1678.31
-3168.08 1185.91
2971.83
1561.41
4867.32
-1660.03 -4671.08
1026.66
-1982.75 -1116.02 -3202.22 -1660.03 3520.89
1749.39
2512.2
-1131.59 -2416.64 -1678.31 -4671.08 1749.39
4575.53
ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
z j
jj
zz
jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jj Du zz jj 0
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz
jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz = jj
jj
zz
jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Du zzz jjj 0
zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
j
z j
z
k Dv4 { k 0
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
76
3898.52
jij
jj 2845.61
jj
jj
jj -3936.04
jj
jj
jj -2818.83
j
K T = jjj
jj -1626.56
jj
jj
jj -1087.29
jj
jj
jj 1664.08
jj
k 1060.51
yz
ij 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0.
z
jj
jj -2000. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
{
k 0.
2845.61
-3936.04 -2818.83 -1626.56 -1087.29 1664.08
1060.51
7074.98
-2771.71 -6419.1
2512.2
-1100.56 -3168.08 1026.66
-2771.71 4049.1
2717.39
1869.69
1185.91
-1982.75 -1131.59
-6419.1
5863.91
1217.46
2971.83
-1116.02 -2416.64
2717.39
-1100.56 1869.69
1217.46
2959.09
1561.41
-3202.22 -1678.31
-3168.08 1185.91
2971.83
1561.41
4867.32
-1660.03 -4671.08
1026.66
-1982.75 -1116.02 -3202.22 -1660.03 3520.89
1749.39
2512.2
-1131.59 -2416.64 -1678.31 -4671.08 1749.39
4575.53
ij -119.595 yz
z
jj
jj 5624.82 zzz
zz
jjj
jj -126.309 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj -4609.7 zzz
zz;
RI = jj
jjj 1802.73 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -993.013 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -1556.83 zzz
zz
jj
k -22.1066 {
ij 119.595 yz
z
jj
jj -5624.82 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 126.309 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj 4609.7 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jj
jjj -1802.73 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -1006.99 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 1556.83 zzz
zz
jj
k 22.1066 {
System of equations
ij 3898.52
jj
jj 2845.61
jj
jj
jj -3936.04
jj
jj
jj -2818.83
jj
jj
jj -1626.56
jj
jj -1087.29
jj
jj
jj 1664.08
jj
j
k 1060.51
2845.61
-3936.04 -2818.83 -1626.56 -1087.29 1664.08
1060.51
7074.98
-2771.71 -6419.1
2512.2
-2771.71 4049.1
-6419.1
1869.69
1185.91
-1982.75 -1131.59
2717.39
5863.91
1217.46
2971.83
-1116.02 -2416.64
-1100.56 1869.69
1217.46
2959.09
1561.41
-3202.22 -1678.31
-3168.08 1185.91
2971.83
1561.41
4867.32
-1660.03 -4671.08
1026.66
-1982.75 -1116.02 -3202.22 -1660.03 3520.89
1749.39
2512.2
-1131.59 -2416.64 -1678.31 -4671.08 1749.39
4575.53
z j
jj
z
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
z
zz = jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
z j
j
z
k Dv4 { k 22.1066 {
2717.39
-1100.56 -3168.08 1026.66
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
77
Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du2
Dv2
0
0
Du3
Du4

-4671.08 y i Dv3
ij 4867.32
zz jj
j
k -4671.08 4575.53 { k Dv4
yz ij -1006.99 yz
z=j
z
{ k 22.1066 {

8Dv3 = -9.97421, Dv4 = -10.1777<

Du
Dv
-9.97421
-10.1777

Du
Dv
-9.97421
-10.1777
Total nodal values

u
-23.8821
-24.2162

78
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj 2
j
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5t
ij 54 -
4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 yz
4
zz
z
5s
4 + 20 z{
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
0
jij
jj 0
j
jj 0
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-23.8821 zzzz
z
-24.2162 {
75
ij
jj 2
jj 85
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
18.6179 zzzz
zz
13.2838 {
0
5ts
5s
xII Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
yII Hs,tL = 1.33353 t s + 1.33353 s + 7.9754 t + 7.9754
5t
i 5 -
4
J II = jjjj 4
k 1.33353 t + 1.33353
zyz
zz
1.33353 s + 7.9754 {
5s
-
- 20
4
detJ II = 3.33382 s + 16.7013 t + 36.6398
25 Hs+16L
i
8
k 16.7013 t + 16.7013
yz
zz
z
3.33382 s + 16.7013 t + 36.6398 {
0
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 830.4087, 3.0454<

i 1.97169 -19.2783 zy
J II = jj
z
k 0.563616 7.20549 {
detJ II = 25.0725
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
79
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL =
-0.104463 0
0.115702 0
0.0279906 0
-0.0392304 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.334217 0
0.294897 0
0.0895532 0
-0.0502336 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
k -0.334217 -0.104463 0.294897 0.115702 0.0895532 0.0279906 -0.0502336 -0.0392304 {
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
k 0.146461 0.520223 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.520223
0.146461 y
i 1.
zz
0.146461
0.292083 {
k
i 0.0107254 0.0380962 yz
z
k 0.0380962 -0.364684 {
i -269.414 90.5711 zy
z
-707.188 {
k 90.5711
i -174.266 161.676 yz
z
-1767.46 {
k 161.676
r Ti = H -66.3008 7073.31 -139.12 -6174.72 17.7653
-1895.29 187.656
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.14797, 11.3656<

i 0.528312 -19.2783 yz
J II = jj
z
k 2.10344 7.20549 {
996.698 L
detJ II = 44.3576
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 xII , N2 xII , N3 xII , N4 xII = = 80.00153563, 0.0221744, 0.0590461, -0.0827562<

80
B TL
0.00153563 0
0.0221744 0
0.0590461 0
-0.0827562 0
jij
j
j
= jj 0
-0.0506188 0
0.0446636 0
0.172642 0
-0.1
jj
k -0.0506188 0.00153563 0.0446636 0.0221744 0.172642 0.0590461 -0.166687 -0.0
0
i1
zyz;
F IIp = jj
k 0.546601 0.920362 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.920362
0.546601 y
i 1.
zz
k 0.546601 1.14584 {
i 0.149386 0.251535
yz
z
k 0.251535 -0.0764666 {
i -23.389 231.078 zy
z
k 231.078 38.2651 {
-225.687 L
i -22.1301 250.702 yz
z
-247.235 {
k 250.702
r Ti = H -535.035 -72.1457 446.994
311.6
1756.25
923.453
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 832.6854, 3.69621<

i 1.97169 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
k 0.563616 8.74532 {
-1668.2 -1162.91 L
detJ II = 28.9221
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
0.126922 0
0.0242651 0
-0.0340087 0
ij -0.117179 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.289732
0
0.255646
0
0.102586
0
-0.0685002
jj
zz
j
z
k -0.289732 -0.117179 0.255646 0.126922 0.102586 0.0242651 -0.0685002 -0.0340087 {
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
0.136259
0.558296
k
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.558296
81
0.136259 yz
i 1.
z
k 0.136259 0.330261 {
i 0.00928332 0.0380366 yz
z
k 0.0380366 -0.344153 {
i -229.242 80.3865 yz
z
-624.355 {
k 80.3865
i -155.431 135.56
yz
z
-1415.05 {
k 135.56
r Ti = H 125.452 6023. -300.151 -5247.97 94.2738 -2181.21 80.4253
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.75802, 13.7944<

i 0.528312 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
k 2.10344 8.74532 {
1406.19 L
detJ II = 48.2071
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
-0.0145579 0
0.0363747 0
0.054331 0
-0.0761477 0
jij
jj 0
-0.0465766 0
0.041097 0
0.173826 0
-0.168347
jj
jj
k -0.0465766 -0.0145579 0.041097 0.0363747 0.173826 0.054331 -0.168347 -0.0761477
0
i1
zyz;
F IIp = jj
k 0.508527 0.930564 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.930564
0.508527 yz
i 1.
z
k 0.508527 1.12455 {
0.236609
i 0.1293
yz
z
k 0.236609 -0.0670253 {
i -20.1336 213.408 yz
z
32.1345 {
k 213.408
zyz
zz
zz
zz
{
82
Principal stresses = H 221.002 -209.001 L
i -19.1905 229.076 yz
z
-209.265 {
k 229.076
r Ti = H -476.33 -227.309 396.9
448.509
1777.69
848.329
-1698.26 -1069.53 L
r Ti = H -952.214 12796.9
404.622 -10662.6 3645.97

RTI = H -952.214 12796.9
404.622 -10662.6 3645.97
-2304.72 -3098.38 170.453 L
-2304.72 -3098.38 170.453 L

-952.214 y
z
jij
jj 12796.9 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 404.622 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -10662.6 zzz
zz
j
zz;
RI = jjj
jjj 3645.97 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -2304.72 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -3098.38 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
170.453
{
k
0.
zyz
jij
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
j
zz
RE = jjj
zz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
z
jjj -2000. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
zz
j
0.
{
k

i -2304.72 yz
i -2000. yz
z;
RE = jj
z;
RI = jj
{
k 170.453 {
k 0.
RE = 2000.;
R = 349.155
Iteration = 2
i 304.722 yz
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k -170.453 {
83
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
E = 1000;
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
n = 0.25;
g = 0.666667

1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj 2
j
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5t
ij 54 -
4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 yz
4
zz
z
5s
4 + 20 z{
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
84
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
j
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
18.6179 zzzz
zz
13.2838 {
0
5ts
5s
xHs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
yHs,tL = 1.33353 t s + 1.33353 s + 7.9754 t + 7.9754
25 Hs+16L
i
8
k 16.7013 t + 16.7013
zyz
zz
3.33382 s + 16.7013 t + 36.6398 {
0

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.

i 1.97169 -19.2783 yz
J = jj
z
k 0.528312 19.2783 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
detJ = 48.1958
-0.0109618 y
zz
0.04091
{
0
i1
yz
z;
k 0.146461 0.520223 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
yz
ij 1 0 0.146461 0
z
j
0.520223 zzzz
F = jjjj 0 0 0
zz
jj
k 0 1 0.520223 0.146461 {
_
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.153412, 0.158893, 0.0411067, -0.0465876<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.173867, 0.153412, 0.0465876, -0.0261326<
85
-0.153412 -0.022469 0.158893 0.0232717 0.0411067 0.00602054 -0.0465876 -0.00

jij
j
j
G = jj 0
-0.0904498 0
0.0798086 0
0.0242359 0
-0.01
jj
k -0.173867 -0.105273 0.153412 0.105129 0.0465876 0.0282079 -0.0261326 -0.02
T
-174.266
jij
jj 161.676
j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
161.676
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-174.266 161.676 zzzz
z
161.676
-1767.46 {
0
-1767.46 0
0
0
B =
ij -0.153412
jj
jj -0.173867
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.0465876 zzzz
z
-0.0261326 {
0.158893 0
0.0411067 0
-0.0465876 0
0.153412 0
0.0465876 0
-0.0261326 0
-0.153412 0
0.158893 0
0.0411067 0
-0.173867 0
0.153412 0
0.0465876 0
3906.
jij
jj 1639.37
jj
jj
jj -3629.91
jj
jj
jj -1664.15
j
k c = jjj
jjj -1046.61
jj
jj -439.267
jj
jj
jj 770.523
jj
j
k 464.052
ij -2357.1
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 2078.23
jj
jj
jj 0
k s = jjj
jj 631.582
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj -352.717
jj
j
k0
1548.9
jij
jj 1639.37
jj
jj
jj -1551.68
jj
jj
jj -1664.15
j
k = jjj
jjj -415.027
jj
jjj -439.267
jj
jj
jj 417.806
jj
k 464.052
1639.37
-3629.91 -1664.15 -1046.61 -439.267 770.523
464.052
8638.58
-1598.1
-7690.31 -439.267 -2314.7
398.004
1366.43
-1598.1
3406.04
1602.14
-748.764 -432.244
972.632
428.21
-7690.31 1602.14
6860.91
445.908
2060.61
-383.893 -1231.22
-439.267 972.632
445.908
280.438
117.701
-206.461 -124.342
2060.61
117.701
620.222
-106.645 -366.133
-2314.7
428.21
398.004
-748.764 -383.893 -206.461 -106.645 184.702
92.5343
1366.43
-432.244 -1231.22 -124.342 -366.133 92.5343
230.925
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
yz
z
-352.717 zzzz
zz
zz
0
-1837.01 0
-556.86 0
315.636
0
zz
zz
2078.23
0
-1837.01 0
-556.86 0
315.636 zzzz
zz
zz
0
-556.86 0
-169.232 0
94.5102
0
zz
z
631.582
0
-556.86 0
-169.232 0
94.5102 zzzz
zz
zz
0
315.636
0
94.5102
0
-57.4295 0
zz
z
-352.717 0
315.636
0
94.5102
0
-57.4295 {
0
2078.23
631.582
-352.717 0
-2357.1
2078.23
631.582
1639.37
-1551.68 -1664.15 -415.027 -439.267 417.806
464.052
6281.49
-1598.1
-5612.08 -439.267 -1683.12 398.004
1013.71
-1598.1
1569.04
1602.14
415.771
428.21
-433.128 -432.244
-5612.08 1602.14
5023.91
445.908
1503.75
-383.893 -915.582
-439.267 415.771
445.908
111.206
117.701
-111.951 -124.342
-1683.12 428.21
1503.75
117.701
450.99
-106.645 -271.623
398.004
-433.128 -383.893 -111.951 -106.645 127.273
92.5343
1013.71
-432.244 -915.582 -124.342 -271.623 92.5343
173.495
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
86
66.3008 y
z
jij
jj -7073.31 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jjj
jj 139.12 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 6174.72 zzz
zz
r i = jjj
jj -17.7653 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 1895.29 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -187.656 zzz
zz
jj
k -996.698 {

i 0.528312 -19.2783 zy
z
J = jj
k 1.97169 19.2783 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
detJ = 48.1958
-0.04091 y
zz
0.0109618 {
0
yz
i1
z;
k 0.546601 0.920362 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
ij 1 0 0.546601 0
yz
_
j
z
F = jjjj 0 0 0
0.920362 zzzz
jj
zz
k 0 1 0.920362 0.546601 {
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0261326, 0.0465876, 0.153412, -0.173867<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.0465876, 0.0411067, 0.158893, -0.153412<

GT =
ij -0.0261326 -0.0142841 0.0465876 0.0254648 0.153412 0.0838553 -0.173867 -0.095036 yz

jj
z
jj 0
-0.0428775 0
0.0378331 0
0.146239 0
-0.141195 zzzz
jj
zz
j
k -0.0465876 -0.0495163 0.0411067 0.0653465 0.158893 0.228046 -0.153412 -0.243876 {
ij -22.1301
jj
jj 250.702
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-22.1301 250.702 zzzz
z
250.702
-247.235 {
0
-247.235 0
250.702
0
0
BT =
ij -0.0261326
jj
jj -0.0465876
jj
jj
jjj 0
j
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.173867 zzzz
zz
-0.153412 {
0.0465876 0
0.153412 0
-0.173867 0
0.0411067 0
0.158893 0
-0.153412 0
-0.0261326 0
0.0465876 0
0.153412 0
-0.0465876 0
0.0411067 0
0.158893 0
87
52.2703
jij
jj -3.07998
jj
jj
jj -43.9541
jj
jj
jj -21.5137
j
k c = jjj
jj -172.355
jj
jj
jj -55.6967
jj
jj
jj 164.039
jj
k 80.2904
ij 2.83031
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -15.0864
jj
jj
jj 0
k s = jjj
jjj -44.0471
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 56.3032
jj
j
k0
ij 55.1007
jj
jj -3.07998
jj
jj
jjj -59.0405
jj
jj -21.5137
j
k = jjj
jj -216.402
jj
jj
jj -55.6967
jj
jj
jj 220.342
jj
k 80.2904
ij 535.035 yz
z
jj
jj 72.1457 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -446.994 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -311.6 zzz
zz
r i = jj
jjj -1756.25 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -923.453 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 1668.2 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 1162.91 {
-3.07998 -43.9541 -21.5137 -172.355 -55.6967 164.039
80.2904
-20.2434 -134.884 -52.2261 -522.212 75.5495
503.395
153.702
-20.2434 70.0715
39.2425
235.393
127.456
-261.51
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129.63
128.726
489.041
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128.726
815.461
403.913
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489.041
403.913
1858.3
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75.5495
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503.395
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-146.455 -878.498 -475.672 975.97
546.577
1805.52
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
23.829
0
80.1885
0
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zz
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23.829
0
80.1885
0
-88.9312 zzzz
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0
80.1885
0
263.126
0
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80.1885
0
263.126
0
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0
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331.896
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56.3032
0
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331.896 {
0
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56.3032
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403.913
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569.23
403.913
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127.456
75.5495
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546.577
559.698
-146.455 -572.719 -480.413 -2124.39 546.577
2137.42

i 1.97169 -20.7217 yz
z
J = jj
k 0.528312 20.7217 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
-146.455
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
-0.0101982 y
zz
0.0380604 {
detJ = 51.8042
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
88
0
i1
yz
z;
k 0.136259 0.558296 {
1 0 0.136259 0
jij
zyz
j
j
F = jj 0 0 0
0.558296 zzzz
jj
zz
k 0 1 0.558296 0.136259 {
_
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.156657, 0.161757, 0.0382434, -0.0433425<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.161757, 0.142726, 0.0572736, -0.0382434<
ij -0.156657 -0.0213461 0.161757 0.0220409 0.0382434 0.00521103 -0.0433425 -0.00

j
-0.0903081 0
0.0796836 0
0.0319756 0
-0.02
G = jjjj 0
jj
-0.161757
-0.109502
0.142726
0.109756
0.0572736
0.0291552
-0.0382434
-0.02
k
T
ij -155.431
jj
jj 135.56
S = jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
135.56
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-155.431 135.56
zzz
135.56
-1415.05 {
0
-1415.05 0
0
0
BT =
ij -0.156657
jj
jj -0.161757
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.0433425 zzzz
zz
-0.0382434 {
0.161757 0
0.0382434 0
-0.0433425 0
0.142726 0
0.0572736 0
-0.0382434 0
-0.156657 0
0.161757 0
0.0382434 0
-0.161757 0
0.142726 0
0.0572736 0
ij 3490.1
jj
jj 1680.39
jj
jj
jj -3295.3
jj
jj
jj -1678.85
k c = jjj
jj -1077.77
jj
jj
jjj -451.384
jj
jj 882.973
jj
j
k 449.848
1680.39
-3295.3
-1678.85 -1077.77 -451.384 882.973
449.848
6965.37
-1623.96 -6225.25 -491.568 -2408.17 435.139
1668.05
-1623.96 3141.36
1605.99
995.664
448.298
-841.725 -430.323
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5578.79
503.19
2141.29
-430.323 -1494.83
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503.19
348.897
123.207
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2141.29
123.207
840.642
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435.139
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115.305
1668.05
-430.323 -1494.83 -134.829 -573.756 115.305
400.539
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
89
-1759.76
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1555.68
jj
jj
jj 0
j
k s = jjj
jj 620.922
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -416.843
jj
k0
ij 1730.34
jj
jj 1680.39
jj
jj
jj -1739.62
jj
jj
jj -1678.85
k = jjj
jjj -456.852
jj
jjj -451.384
jj
jj
jj 466.13
jj
k 449.848
ij -125.452 yz
z
jj
jj -6023. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj 300.151 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 5247.97 zzz
zz
j
r i = jj
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zz
jj
jjj 2181.21 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jjj
jj -80.4253 zzz
zz
jj
k -1406.19 {
zyz
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zz
zz
0
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369.695
0
zz
zz
1555.68
0
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369.695 zzzz
zz
zz
0
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146.208
0
zz
z
620.922
0
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146.208 zzzz
zz
zz
0
369.695
0
146.208
0
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zz
z
-416.843 0
369.695
0
146.208
0
-99.0595 {
0
1555.68
-1759.76 0
620.922
-416.843 0
1555.68
620.922
1680.39
-1739.62 -1678.85 -456.852 -451.384 466.13
449.848
5205.61
-1623.96 -4669.57 -491.568 -1787.25 435.139
1251.21
-1623.96 1761.64
1605.99
450.01
448.298
-472.03
-430.323
-4669.57 1605.99
4199.07
503.19
1595.63
-430.323 -1125.14
-491.568 450.01
503.19
127.422
123.207
-120.58
-1787.25 448.298
1595.63
123.207
619.167
-120.121 -427.548
435.139
-472.03
-430.323 -120.58
-120.121 126.48
1251.21
-430.323 -1125.14 -134.829 -427.548 115.305
-134.829
115.305
301.48
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{

i 0.528312 -20.7217 zy
z
J = jj
k 1.97169 20.7217 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
detJ = 51.8042
-0.0380604 y
zz
0.0101982 {
0
i1
zyz;
k 0.508527 0.930564 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
yz
ij 1 0 0.508527 0
_
z
j
0.930564 zzzz
F = jjjj 0 0 0
zz
jj
k 0 1 0.930564 0.508527 {
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
90
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0382434, 0.0572736, 0.142726, -0.161757<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.0433425, 0.0382434, 0.161757, -0.156657<

GT =
ij -0.0382434 -0.0194478 0.0572736 0.0291252 0.142726 0.0725802 -0.161757 -0.0822576 yz

jj
z
jj 0
-0.040333 0
0.035588 0
0.150525 0
-0.14578 zzzz
jj
zz
j
k -0.0433425 -0.0576288 0.0382434 0.0727446 0.161757 0.215074 -0.156657 -0.230189 {
ij -19.1905
jj
jj 229.076
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-19.1905 229.076 zzzz
z
229.076
-209.265 {
0
-209.265 0
229.076
0
0
BT =
-0.0382434
jij
jj -0.0433425
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-0.161757 zzzz
z
-0.156657 {
0.0572736 0
0.142726 0
-0.161757 0
0.0382434 0
0.161757 0
-0.156657 0
-0.0382434 0
0.0572736 0
0.142726 0
-0.0433425 0
0.0382434 0
0.161757 0
ij 60.7062
jj
jj 28.7752
jj
jj
jj -75.5394
jj
jj
jj -49.1887
k c = jjj
jj -226.559
jj
jj
jjj -107.39
jj
jj 241.392
jj
j
k 127.804
17.5217
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -26.6681
jj
jj
jj 0
j
k s = jjj
jj -65.3918
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 74.5382
jj
k0
28.7752
-75.5394 -49.1887 -226.559 -107.39
143.776
-48.0992 -134.299 -107.39
241.392
127.804
-536.578 126.714
527.101
-48.0992 121.56
63.4394
281.917
179.509
-327.937 -194.849
-134.299 63.4394
137.085
183.575
501.212
-197.825 -503.998
281.917
183.575
845.529
400.787
-900.887 -476.971
-536.578 179.509
-107.39
501.212
400.787
2002.53
-472.905 -1967.17
126.714
-327.937 -197.825 -900.887 -472.905 987.432
544.016
527.101
-194.849 -503.998 -476.971 -1967.17 544.016
1944.07
-26.6681 0
17.5217
-26.6681 0
-65.3918 0
32.8695
-65.3918 0
99.5266
-26.6681 0
32.8695
99.5266
244.046
99.5266
244.046
99.5266
-65.3918 0
0
-105.728 0
74.5382
-278.18
-105.728 0
0
-278.18
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
-105.728 0
zz
zz
0
-105.728 zzzz
zz
zz
-278.18 0
zz
z
0
-278.18 zzzz
zz
zz
309.37
0
zz
z
0
309.37
{
74.5382
74.5382
91
78.2279
jij
jj 28.7752
jj
jj
jj -102.207
jj
jj
jj -49.1887
j
k = jjj
jj -291.951
jj
jj
jj -107.39
jj
jj
jj 315.93
jj
k 127.804
28.7752
-102.207 -49.1887 -291.951 -107.39
161.297
-48.0992 -160.967 -107.39
127.804
-601.969 126.714
601.64
-48.0992 154.429
63.4394
381.443
179.509
-433.665 -194.849
-160.967 63.4394
169.955
183.575
600.738
-197.825 -609.726
-107.39
ij 476.33 yz
z
jj
jj 227.309 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -396.9 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -448.509 zzz
zz
r i = jjj
z
jjj -1777.69 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -848.329 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 1698.26 zzz
zz
jj
k 1069.53 {
315.93
381.443
183.575
1089.57
400.787
-1179.07 -476.971
-601.969 179.509
600.738
400.787
2246.58
-472.905 -2245.35
126.714
-433.665 -197.825 -1179.07 -472.905 1296.8
544.016
601.64
-194.849 -609.726 -476.971 -2245.35 544.016
2253.44
3412.57
jij
jj 3345.45
jj
jj
jj -3452.55
jj
jj
jj -3413.71
j
k = jjj
jjj -1380.23
jj
jjj -1053.74
jj
jj
jj 1420.21
jj
k 1121.99
rT = H 0
3345.45
-3452.55 -3413.71 -1380.23 -1053.74 1420.21
1121.99
11804.9
-3290.41 -10592.6 -1090.45 -4638.6
3426.25
-3290.41 3579.01
3310.8
1562.81
1183.47
1035.41
-1689.26 -1203.87
-10592.6 3310.8
9546.4
1261.4
4269.35
-1158.5
-1090.45 1562.81
1261.4
2406.79
1045.61
-2589.36 -1216.56
-3223.17
4269.35
1045.61
5438.16
-1175.34 -5068.91
-4638.6
1183.47
1035.41
-1689.26 -1158.5
-2589.36 -1175.34 2858.42
1298.43
3426.25
-1203.87 -3223.17 -1216.56 -5068.91 1298.43
4865.83
0 0 0 0
0 0 0L

3412.57
jij
jj 3345.45
jj
jj
jj -3452.55
jj
jj
jj -3413.71
jj
jj
jj -1380.23
jj
jj
jj -1053.74
jj
jj
jj 1420.21
jj
k 1121.99
3345.45
-3452.55 -3413.71 -1380.23 -1053.74 1420.21
1121.99
11804.9
-3290.41 -10592.6 -1090.45 -4638.6
3426.25
-3290.41 3579.01
3310.8
1562.81
1183.47
1035.41
-1689.26 -1203.87
-10592.6 3310.8
9546.4
1261.4
4269.35
-1158.5
-1090.45 1562.81
1261.4
2406.79
1045.61
-2589.36 -1216.56
-3223.17
4269.35
1045.61
5438.16
-1175.34 -5068.91
-4638.6
1183.47
1035.41
-1689.26 -1158.5
-2589.36 -1175.34 2858.42
1298.43
3426.25
-1203.87 -3223.17 -1216.56 -5068.91 1298.43
4865.83
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
0.
Du
zz jj 1 zz jj zz
zz jj
z j z
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj 4 zz jj zz
zj
z j z
{ k Dv4 { k 0. {
92

ij 1 yz
jj zz
jj 2 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 3 zz
jjj zzz
jj 4 zz
j z
jj 5 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 6 zzz
jj zz
jjj 7 zzz
jj zz
k8{
@1, 1D
jij
jj @2, 1D
jj
jj
jj @3, 1D
jj
jj
jj @4, 1D
j
jjj @5, 1D
jj
jjj @6, 1D
jj
jjj @7, 1D
jj
j
k @8, 1D
@1, 2D
@1, 3D
@1, 4D
@1, 5D
@1, 6D
@3, 3D
@3, 4D
@3, 5D
@3, 6D
@5, 3D
@5, 4D
@5, 5D
@5, 6D
@2, 2D
@2, 3D
@4, 2D
@4, 3D
@3, 2D
@5, 2D
@6, 2D
@7, 2D
@8, 2D
@6, 3D
@7, 3D
@8, 3D
@2, 4D
@4, 4D
@6, 4D
@7, 4D
@8, 4D
@2, 5D
@4, 5D
@6, 5D
@7, 5D
@8, 5D
@2, 6D
@4, 6D
@6, 6D
@7, 6D
@8, 6D
@1, 7D
@1, 8D y
zz
@2, 7D @2, 8D zzzz
zz
@3, 7D @3, 8D zzzz
zz
@4, 7D @4, 8D zzzz
z
@5, 7D @5, 8D zzzz
zz
@6, 7D @6, 8D zzzz
zz
@7, 7D @7, 8D zzzz
z
@8, 7D @8, 8D {

ij 3412.57
jj
jj 3345.45
jj
jj
jj -3452.55
jj
jj
jj -3413.71
jj
jj
jj -1380.23
jj
jj -1053.74
jj
jj
jj 1420.21
jj
j
k 1121.99
3345.45
-3452.55 -3413.71 -1380.23 -1053.74 1420.21
1121.99
11804.9
-3290.41 -10592.6 -1090.45 -4638.6
3426.25
-3290.41 3579.01
3310.8
1562.81
1183.47
1035.41
-1689.26 -1203.87
-10592.6 3310.8
9546.4
1261.4
4269.35
-1158.5
-1090.45 1562.81
1261.4
2406.79
1045.61
-2589.36 -1216.56
-3223.17
4269.35
1045.61
5438.16
-1175.34 -5068.91
-4638.6
1183.47
1035.41
-1689.26 -1158.5
-2589.36 -1175.34 2858.42
1298.43
3426.25
-1203.87 -3223.17 -1216.56 -5068.91 1298.43
4865.83
ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
z j
jj
zz
jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jj Du zz jj 0
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz
jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz = jj
jj
zz
jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Du zzz jjj 0
zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
j
z j
z
k Dv4 { k 0
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
93
3412.57
jij
jj 3345.45
jj
jj
jj -3452.55
jj
jj
jj -3413.71
j
K T = jjj
jj -1380.23
jj
jj
jj -1053.74
jj
jj
jj 1420.21
jj
k 1121.99
yz
ij 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0.
z
jj
jj -2000. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
{
k 0.
3345.45
-3452.55 -3413.71 -1380.23 -1053.74 1420.21
1121.99
11804.9
-3290.41 -10592.6 -1090.45 -4638.6
3426.25
1035.41
-3290.41 3579.01
3310.8
1562.81
1183.47
-1689.26 -1203.87
-10592.6 3310.8
9546.4
1261.4
4269.35
-1158.5
-3223.17
-1090.45 1562.81
1261.4
2406.79
1045.61
-2589.36 -1216.56
-4638.6
4269.35
1045.61
5438.16
-1175.34 -5068.91
1183.47
1035.41
-1689.26 -1158.5
-2589.36 -1175.34 2858.42
1298.43
3426.25
-1203.87 -3223.17 -1216.56 -5068.91 1298.43
4865.83
ij -952.214 yz
z
jj
jj 12796.9 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 404.622 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj -10662.6 zzz
zz;
RI = jj
jjj 3645.97 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -2304.72 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -3098.38 zzz
zz
jj
k 170.453 {
ij 952.214 yz
z
jj
jj -12796.9 zzz
zz
jjj
jj -404.622 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj 10662.6 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jj
jjj -3645.97 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 304.722 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 3098.38 zzz
zz
jj
k -170.453 {
System of equations
ij 3412.57
jj
jj 3345.45
jj
jj
jj -3452.55
jj
jj
jj -3413.71
jj
jj
jj -1380.23
jj
jj -1053.74
jj
jj
jj 1420.21
jj
j
k 1121.99
3345.45
-3452.55 -3413.71 -1380.23 -1053.74 1420.21
1121.99
11804.9
-3290.41 -10592.6 -1090.45 -4638.6
3426.25
-3290.41 3579.01
1562.81
1183.47
-1689.26 -1203.87
-10592.6 3310.8
9546.4
1261.4
4269.35
-1158.5
-1090.45 1562.81
1261.4
2406.79
1045.61
-2589.36 -1216.56
-4638.6
1183.47
4269.35
1045.61
5438.16
-1175.34 -5068.91
1035.41
-1689.26 -1158.5
-2589.36 -1175.34 2858.42
1298.43
3426.25
-1203.87 -3223.17 -1216.56 -5068.91 1298.43
4865.83
z j
jj
z
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
z
zz = jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
z j
j
z
k Dv4 { k -170.453 {
3310.8
1035.41
-3223.17
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
94
Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du2
Dv2
0
0
Du3
Du4

-5068.91 y i Dv3
ij 5438.16
zz jj
j
k -5068.91 4865.83 { k Dv4
yz ij 304.722 yz
z=j
z
{ k -170.453 {

8Dv3 = 0.8064, Dv4 = 0.805027<

Du
Dv
0.8064
0.805027

Du
Dv
-9.16781
-9.37265
Total nodal values

u
-23.0757
-23.4112

95
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj 2
j
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5t
ij 54 -
4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 yz
4
zz
z
5s
4 + 20 z{
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
0
jij
jj 0
j
jj 0
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-23.0757 zzzz
z
-23.4112 {
75
ij
jj 2
jj 85
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
19.4243 zzzz
zz
14.0888 {
0
5ts
5s
xII Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
yII Hs,tL = 1.33387 t s + 1.33387 s + 8.37826 t + 8.37826
5t
i 5 -
4
J II = jjjj 4
k 1.33387 t + 1.33387
zyz
zz
1.33387 s + 8.37826 {
5s
-
- 20
4
25 Hs+16L
i
8
k 16.2046 t + 16.2046
detJ II = 3.33468 s + 16.2046 t + 37.1503

yz
zz
z
3.33468 s + 16.2046 t + 37.1503 {
0
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 830.4087, 3.21558<

i 1.97169 -19.2783 zy
J II = jj
z
k 0.563761 7.60815 {
detJ II = 25.8693
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
96
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
B TL =
-0.107381 0
0.118277 0
0.0287727 0
-0.039669 0
jij
jj 0
-0.323924 0
0.285815 0
0.0867952 0
-0.0486865
jj
jj
k -0.323924 -0.107381 0.285815 0.118277 0.0867952 0.0287727 -0.0486865 -0.039669
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
k 0.142105 0.536754 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.536754
0.142105 y
i 1.
zz
0.142105
0.308298 {
k
i 0.010097 0.0381378 yz
z
k 0.0381378 -0.355948 {
i -251.223 86.0638 zy
z
-670.141 {
k 86.0638
i -165.924 149.828 yz
z
-1603.97 {
k 149.828
r Ti = H -28.6966 6615.67
-162.841 -5772.9 7.68924
-1772.66 183.848 929.89 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.14797, 12.0007<

i 0.528312 -19.2783 yz
J II = jj
z
k 2.10398 7.60815 {
detJ II = 44.5807
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

zyz
zz
zz
zz
{
97
B TL
0.000578378 0
0.0230191 0
0.0623109 0
-0.0859084 0
jij
j
j
= jj 0
-0.0503654 0
0.04444
0
0.171778 0
-0.
jj
0.0230191 0.171778 0.0623109 -0.165853 -0.
k -0.0503654 0.000578378 0.04444
0
i1
zyz;
F IIp = jj
k 0.530345 0.924993 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.924993
0.530345 y
i 1.
zz
k 0.530345 1.13688 {
i 0.140633 0.245282
yz
z
k 0.245282 -0.0721942 {
i -21.9012 223.456 zy
z
35.7708 {
k 223.456
-218.374 L
i -20.7918 241.261 yz
z
-230.129 {
k 241.261
r Ti = H -515.523 -76.5185 431.295
308.085
1693.84
918.221 -1609.61 -1149.79 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 832.6854, 3.86656<

i 1.97169 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
k 0.563761 9.14837 {
detJ II = 29.7198
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
0.128866 0
0.0250448 0
-0.0345294 0
ij -0.119381 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.281956
0
0.248785
0
0.0998329
0
-0.0666616
jj
zz
j
z
k -0.281956 -0.119381 0.248785 0.128866 0.0998329 0.0250448 -0.0666616 -0.0345294 {
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
0.132207
0.573695
k
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.573695
98
0.132207 yz
i 1.
z
k 0.132207 0.346604 {
i 0.00873935 0.0379232 yz
z
k 0.0379232 -0.335437 {
i -214.613 76.5938 yz
z
-593.156 {
k 76.5938
i -148.175 126.326 yz
z
-1294.66 {
k 126.326
r Ti = H 143.948 5654.8 -307.628 -4925.07 81.2507
-2049.4 82.4286
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.75802, 14.4302<

i 0.528312 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
k 2.10398 9.14837 {
1319.67 L
detJ II = 48.4313
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
0.03709
0
0.0573568 0
-0.0790782 0
ij -0.0153687 0
j
B TL = jjjj 0
-0.0463611 0
0.0409068 0
0.173022 0
-0.1
jj
0.173022 0.0573568 -0.167568 -0.0
k -0.0463611 -0.0153687 0.0409068 0.03709
0
i1
yz
F IIp = jj
z;
0.493403
0.934891
k
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.934891
0.493403 y
i 1.
zz
k 0.493403 1.11747 {
i 0.121723 0.230639
yz
z
k 0.230639 -0.0629893 {
i -18.7776 206.421 yz
z
30.3667 {
k 206.421
-202.084 L
99
i -17.9534 220.581
-194.611
k 220.581
yz
z
{
r Ti = H -459.709 -226.863 383.741 440.741 1715.66
846.664
-1639.69 -1060.54 L
r Ti = H -859.98 11967.1 344.568 -9949.14 3498.44
RTI = H -859.98 11967.1 344.568 -9949.14 3498.44
-2057.18 -2983.03 39.229 L
-2057.18 -2983.03 39.229 L

ij -859.98 yz
z
jj
jj 11967.1 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 344.568 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -9949.14 zzz
zz;
RI = jjj
z
jjj 3498.44 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -2057.18 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -2983.03 zzz
zz
jj
k 39.229 {
yz
ij 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
RE = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
jjj -2000. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
{
k 0.

i -2057.18 yz
i -2000. yz
z;
RE = jj
z;
RI = jj
{
k 39.229 {
k 0.
RE = 2000.;
R = 69.3421
Iteration = 3
i 57.1788 yz
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k -39.229 {
100
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
E = 1000;
0 0 y i Du1 y i 0
zz jj
zyz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
z
zz
z
j
j
zz
zz jj
zz jj
z
z
z
j
j
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz
zj
z
z j
0 0 { k Dv4 { k 0
{
n = 0.25;
g = 0.666667

1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj 2
j
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5t
ij 54 -
4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 yz
4
zz
z
5s
4 + 20 z{
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
101
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
j
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
19.4243 zzzz
zz
14.0888 {
0
5ts
5s
xHs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
yHs,tL = 1.33387 t s + 1.33387 s + 8.37826 t + 8.37826
25 Hs+16L
i
8
k 16.2046 t + 16.2046
zyz
zz
3.33468 s + 16.2046 t + 37.1503 {
0

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.

i 1.97169 -19.2783 yz
J = jj
z
k 0.528312 19.2783 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
detJ = 48.1958
-0.0109618 y
zz
0.04091
{
0
i1
yz
z;
k 0.142105 0.536754 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
yz
ij 1 0 0.142105 0
z
j
0.536754 zzzz
F = jjjj 0 0 0
zz
jj
k 0 1 0.536754 0.142105 {
_
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.153412, 0.158893, 0.0411067, -0.0465876<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.173867, 0.153412, 0.0465876, -0.0261326<
102
-0.153412 -0.0218007 0.158893 0.0225796 0.0411067 0.00584149 -0.0465876 -0.00

jij
j
j
G = jj 0
-0.0933239 0
0.0823446 0
0.0250061 0
-0.01
jj
k -0.173867 -0.107052 0.153412 0.107087 0.0465876 0.0286845 -0.0261326 -0.02
T
-165.924
jij
jj 149.828
j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
149.828
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-165.924 149.828 zzzz
z
149.828
-1603.97 {
0
-1603.97 0
0
0
B =
ij -0.153412
jj
jj -0.173867
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.0465876 zzzz
z
-0.0261326 {
0.158893 0
0.0411067 0
-0.0465876 0
0.153412 0
0.0465876 0
-0.0261326 0
-0.153412 0
0.158893 0
0.0411067 0
-0.173867 0
0.153412 0
0.0465876 0
3713.19
jij
jj 1619.28
jj
jj
jj -3462.88
jj
jj
jj -1636.66
j
k c = jjj
jjj -994.946
jj
jj -433.886
jj
jj
jj 744.637
jj
j
k 451.266
ij -2139.89
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1887.47
jj
jj
jj 0
k s = jjj
jj 573.383
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj -320.955
jj
j
k0
1573.3
jij
jj 1619.28
jj
jj
jj -1575.41
jj
jj
jj -1636.66
j
k = jjj
jjj -421.563
jj
jjj -433.886
jj
jj
jj 423.681
jj
k 451.266
1619.28
-3462.88 -1636.66 -994.946 -433.886 744.637
451.266
8061.1
-1575.71 -7181.65 -433.886 -2159.97 390.316
1280.51
-1575.71 3260.95
1573.76
927.876
422.211
-725.943 -420.26
-7181.65 1573.76
6412.66
438.543
1924.32
-375.642 -1155.32
-433.886 927.876
438.543
266.595
116.259
-199.525 -120.916
-2159.97 422.211
1924.32
116.259
578.761
-104.585 -343.113
390.316
-725.943 -375.642 -199.525 -104.585 180.831
89.9108
1280.51
-420.26
217.922
1887.47
-1155.32 -120.916 -343.113 89.9108
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
yz
z
-320.955 zzzz
zz
zz
0
-1669.24 0
-505.745 0
287.522
0
zz
zz
1887.47
0
-1669.24 0
-505.745 0
287.522 zzzz
zz
zz
0
-505.745 0
-153.637 0
85.9997
0
zz
z
573.383
0
-505.745 0
-153.637 0
85.9997 zzzz
zz
zz
0
287.522
0
85.9997
0
-52.5661 0
zz
z
-320.955 0
287.522
0
85.9997
0
-52.5661 {
-2139.89 0
573.383
-320.955 0
1887.47
573.383
1619.28
-1575.41 -1636.66 -421.563 -433.886 423.681
451.266
5921.21
-1575.71 -5294.18 -433.886 -1586.58 390.316
959.559
-1575.71 1591.7
1573.76
422.131
422.211
-438.421 -420.26
-5294.18 1573.76
4743.41
438.543
1418.57
-375.642 -867.802
-433.886 422.131
438.543
112.958
116.259
-113.525 -120.916
-1586.58 422.211
1418.57
116.259
425.124
-104.585 -257.113
390.316
-438.421 -375.642 -113.525 -104.585 128.265
89.9108
959.559
-420.26
165.356
-867.802 -120.916 -257.113 89.9108
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
103
28.6966 y
z
jij
jj -6615.67 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jjj
jj 162.841 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 5772.9 zzz
zz
r i = jjj
jj -7.68924 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 1772.66 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -183.848 zzz
zz
jj
k -929.89 {

i 0.528312 -19.2783 zy
z
J = jj
k 1.97169 19.2783 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
detJ = 48.1958
-0.04091 y
zz
0.0109618 {
0
yz
i1
z;
k 0.530345 0.924993 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
ij 1 0 0.530345 0
yz
_
j
z
F = jjjj 0 0 0
0.924993 zzzz
jj
zz
k 0 1 0.924993 0.530345 {
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0261326, 0.0465876, 0.153412, -0.173867<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.0465876, 0.0411067, 0.158893, -0.153412<

GT =
ij -0.0261326 -0.0138593 0.0465876 0.0247075 0.153412 0.0813614 -0.173867 -0.0922096 yz

jj
z
jj 0
-0.0430932 0
0.0380234 0
0.146975 0
-0.141905 zzzz
jj
zz
j
0.0411067 0.0648939 0.158893 0.226174 -0.153412 -0.242187 {
k -0.0465876 -0.04888
ij -20.7918
jj
jj 241.261
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-20.7918 241.261 zzzz
z
241.261
-230.129 {
0
-230.129 0
241.261
0
0
BT =
ij -0.0261326
jj
jj -0.0465876
jj
jj
jjj 0
j
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.173867 zzzz
zz
-0.153412 {
0.0465876 0
0.153412 0
-0.173867 0
0.0411067 0
0.158893 0
-0.153412 0
-0.0261326 0
0.0465876 0
0.153412 0
-0.0465876 0
0.0411067 0
0.158893 0
104
51.4647
jij
jj -1.15235
jj
jj
jj -44.5957
jj
jj
jj -23.0169
j
k c = jjj
jj -173.302
jj
jj
jj -61.7309
jj
jj
jj 166.433
jj
k 85.9001
ij 3.55572
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -15.2673
jj
jj
jj 0
k s = jjj
jjj -45.2669
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 56.9785
jj
j
k0
ij 55.0204
jj
jj -1.15235
jj
jj
jjj -59.8631
jj
jj -23.0169
j
k = jjj
jj -218.569
jj
jj
jj -61.7309
jj
jj
jj 223.412
jj
k 85.9001
ij 515.523 yz
z
jj
jj 76.5185 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -431.295 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -308.085 zzz
zz
r i = jj
jjj -1693.84 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -918.221 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 1609.61 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 1149.79 {
-1.15235 -44.5957 -23.0169 -173.302 -61.7309 166.433
85.9001
-21.8293 -133.664 -58.4865 -516.977 81.4682
498.842
151.799
-21.8293 71.7595
40.4673
240.646
132.388
-267.81
-133.664 40.4673
128.923
133.576
485.89
-151.026 -481.149
-58.4865 240.646
133.576
830.761
423.422
-898.105 -498.511
-516.977 132.388
485.89
423.422
1844.45
-494.079 -1813.36
81.4682
-267.81
-151.026 -898.105 -494.079 999.481
563.637
498.842
-151.026 -481.149 -498.511 -1813.36 563.637
1795.67
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
0
23.6193
0
79.7965
0
-88.1484 0
zz
z
-15.2673 0
23.6193
0
79.7965
0
-88.1484 zzzz
zz
zz
0
79.7965
0
263.275
0
-297.805 0
zz
z
-45.2669 0
79.7965
0
263.275
0
-297.805 zzzz
zz
zz
0
-88.1484 0
-297.805 0
328.974
0
zz
z
56.9785
0
-88.1484 0
-297.805 0
328.974 {
0
-15.2673 0
3.55572
-45.2669 0
-15.2673 0
56.9785
-45.2669 0
-1.15235 -59.8631 -23.0169 -218.569 -61.7309 223.412

155.355
-21.8293 -148.932 -58.4865 -562.243 81.4682
56.9785
85.9001
555.82
-21.8293 95.3788
40.4673
320.443
132.388
-355.959 -151.026
-148.932 40.4673
152.543
133.576
565.686
-151.026 -569.297
-58.4865 320.443
133.576
1094.04
423.422
-1195.91 -498.511
-562.243 132.388
565.686
423.422
2107.73
-494.079 -2111.17
81.4682
-355.959 -151.026 -1195.91 -494.079 1328.46
563.637
555.82
-151.026 -569.297 -498.511 -2111.17 563.637
2124.65

i 1.97169 -20.7217 yz
z
J = jj
k 0.528312 20.7217 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
-151.026
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
-0.0101982 y
zz
0.0380604 {
detJ = 51.8042
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
105
0
i1
yz
z;
k 0.132207 0.573695 {
1 0 0.132207 0
jij
zyz
j
j
F = jj 0 0 0
0.573695 zzzz
jj
zz
k 0 1 0.573695 0.132207 {
_
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.156657, 0.161757, 0.0382434, -0.0433425<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.161757, 0.142726, 0.0572736, -0.0382434<
ij -0.156657 -0.0207112 0.161757 0.0213854 0.0382434 0.00505605 -0.0433425 -0.00

j
-0.0927989 0
0.0818814 0
0.0328576 0
-0.02
G = jjjj 0
jj
-0.161757
-0.111259
0.142726
0.111668
0.0572736
0.029512
-0.0382434
-0.02
k
T
ij -148.175
jj
jj 126.326
S = jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
126.326
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-148.175 126.326 zzzz
zz
126.326
-1294.66 {
0
-1294.66 0
0
0
BT =
ij -0.156657
jj
jj -0.161757
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.0433425 zzzz
zz
-0.0382434 {
0.161757 0
0.0382434 0
-0.0433425 0
0.142726 0
0.0572736 0
-0.0382434 0
-0.156657 0
0.161757 0
0.0382434 0
-0.161757 0
0.142726 0
0.0572736 0
ij 3362.36
jj
jj 1653.37
jj
jj
jj -3184.53
jj
jj
jj -1647.25
k c = jjj
jj -1031.12
jj
jj
jjj -447.496
jj
jj 853.292
jj
j
k 441.38
1653.37
-3184.53 -1647.25 -1031.12 -447.496 853.292
441.38
6567.27
-1596.33 -5874.42 -484.776 -2266.9
1574.05
427.735
-1596.33 3044.92
1574.76
955.493
443.525
-815.885 -421.955
-5874.42 1574.76
5269.42
494.45
2016.94
-421.955 -1411.94
-484.776 955.493
494.45
331.652
122.813
-256.024 -132.487
2016.94
122.813
790.396
-118.842 -540.437
-2266.9
443.525
427.735
-815.885 -421.955 -256.024 -118.842 218.616
113.063
1574.05
-421.955 -1411.94 -132.487 -540.437 113.063
378.327
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
106
-1611.59
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 1425.38
jj
jj
jj 0
j
k s = jjj
jj 568.14
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -381.929
jj
k0
ij 1750.77
jj
jj 1653.37
jj
jj
jj -1759.15
jj
jj
jj -1647.25
k = jjj
jjj -462.981
jj
jjj -447.496
jj
jj
jj 471.364
jj
k 441.38
ij -143.948 yz
z
jj
jj -5654.8 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj 307.628 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 4925.07 zzz
zz
j
r i = jj
jj -81.2507 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 2049.4 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jjj
jj -82.4286 zzz
zz
jj
k -1319.67 {
zyz
-381.929 zzzz
zz
zz
0
-1264.92 0
-499.388 0
338.935
0
zz
zz
1425.38
0
-1264.92 0
-499.388 0
338.935 zzzz
zz
zz
0
-499.388 0
-202.563 0
133.811
0
zz
z
568.14
0
-499.388 0
-202.563 0
133.811 zzzz
zz
zz
0
338.935
0
133.811
0
-90.8174 0
zz
z
-381.929 0
338.935
0
133.811
0
-90.8174 {
0
1425.38
-1611.59 0
1653.37
4955.68
-1596.33
-4449.04
-484.776
-1698.76
427.735
1192.12
568.14
-381.929 0
1425.38
568.14
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
1780.
1574.76
456.104
443.525
-476.949 -421.955 zzzz
zz
1574.76
4004.49
494.45
1517.55
-421.955 -1073. zzzz
zz
456.104
494.45
129.089
122.813
-122.213 -132.487 zzz
zz
443.525
1517.55
122.813
587.834
-118.842 -406.626 zzzz
zz
-476.949 -421.955 -122.213 -118.842 127.798
113.063 zzzz
z
-421.955 -1073.
-132.487 -406.626 113.063
287.51
{
-1759.15 -1647.25 -462.981 -447.496 471.364
441.38
-1596.33 -4449.04 -484.776 -1698.76 427.735
1192.12

i 0.528312 -20.7217 zy
z
J = jj
k 1.97169 20.7217 {
i 0.4
J -T = jj
k 0.4
detJ = 51.8042
-0.0380604 y
zz
0.0101982 {
0
i1
zyz;
k 0.493403 0.934891 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
yz
ij 1 0 0.493403 0
_
z
j
0.934891 zzzz
F = jjjj 0 0 0
zz
jj
k 0 1 0.934891 0.493403 {
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
107
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0382434, 0.0572736, 0.142726, -0.161757<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.0433425, 0.0382434, 0.161757, -0.156657<

GT =
ij -0.0382434 -0.0188694 0.0572736 0.028259 0.142726 0.0704217 -0.161757 -0.0798112 yz

jj
z
jj 0
-0.0405206 0
0.0357534 0
0.151225 0
-0.146458 zzzz
jj
zz
j
k -0.0433425 -0.0571388 0.0382434 0.072414 0.161757 0.213245 -0.156657 -0.22852 {
ij -17.9534
jj
jj 220.581
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-17.9534 220.581 zzzz
z
220.581
-194.611 {
0
-194.611 0
220.581
0
0
BT =
-0.0382434
jij
jj -0.0433425
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-0.161757 zzzz
z
-0.156657 {
0.0572736 0
0.142726 0
-0.161757 0
0.0382434 0
0.161757 0
-0.156657 0
-0.0382434 0
0.0572736 0
0.142726 0
-0.0433425 0
0.0382434 0
0.161757 0
ij 61.6597
jj
jj 30.1915
jj
jj
jj -77.5582
jj
jj
jj -50.2583
k c = jjj
jj -230.117
jj
jj
jjj -112.676
jj
jj 246.016
jj
j
k 132.743
17.5827
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -26.3308
jj
jj
jj 0
j
k s = jjj
jj -65.6197
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 74.3678
jj
k0
30.1915
-77.5582 -50.2583 -230.117 -112.676 246.016
132.743
142.726
-49.2438 -133.765 -112.676 -532.663 131.729
523.701
-49.2438 124.309
64.2905
289.451
183.78
-336.202 -198.827
-133.765 64.2905
136.923
187.567
499.217
-201.599 -502.376
-112.676 289.451
187.567
858.809
420.513
-918.143 -495.404
-532.663 183.78
499.217
420.513
1987.92
-491.618 -1954.48
131.729
-336.202 -201.599 -918.143 -491.618 1008.33
561.488
523.701
-198.827 -502.376 -495.404 -1954.48 561.488
1933.15
-26.3308 0
17.5827
-26.3308 0
32.2623
-26.3308 0
32.2623
98.2681
-65.6197 0
98.2681
-104.2
74.3678
-104.2
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
98.2681
0
-104.2
0
zz
zz
0
98.2681
0
-104.2 zzzz
zz
zz
244.896
0
-277.544 0
zz
z
0
244.896
0
-277.544 zzzz
zz
zz
-277.544 0
307.376
0
zz
z
0
-277.544 0
307.376 {
-65.6197 0
74.3678
-65.6197 0
74.3678
108
79.2425
jij
jj 30.1915
jj
jj
jj -103.889
jj
jj
jj -50.2583
j
k = jjj
jj -295.737
jj
jj
jj -112.676
jj
jj
jj 320.384
jj
k 132.743
ij 459.709 yz
z
jj
jj 226.863 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -383.741 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -440.741 zzz
zz
r i = jj
jjj -1715.66 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -846.664 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 1639.69 zzz
zz
jj
k 1060.54 {
30.1915
-103.889 -50.2583 -295.737 -112.676 320.384
132.743
160.309
-49.2438 -160.096 -112.676 -598.282 131.729
598.069
-49.2438 156.571
64.2905
387.719
183.78
-440.402 -198.827
-160.096 64.2905
169.186
187.567
597.485
-201.599 -606.575
-112.676 387.719
187.567
1103.71
420.513
-1195.69 -495.404
-598.282 183.78
597.485
420.513
2232.82
-491.618 -2232.02
131.729
-440.402 -201.599 -1195.69 -491.618 1315.71
561.488
598.069
-198.827 -606.575 -495.404 -2232.02 561.488
2240.53
3458.33
jij
jj 3301.69
jj
jj
jj -3498.32
jj
jj
jj -3357.19
j
k = jjj
jjj -1398.85
jj
jjj -1055.79
jj
jj
jj 1438.84
jj
k 1111.29
rT = H 0
3301.69
-3498.32 -3357.19 -1398.85 -1055.79 1438.84
1111.29
11192.6
-3243.11 -10052.3 -1089.82 -4445.87 1031.25
3305.57
-3243.11 3623.65
3253.28
1586.4
-1711.73 -1192.07
1181.9
-10052.3 3253.28
9069.64
1254.14
4099.29
-1150.22 -3116.68
-1089.82 1586.4
1254.14
2439.79
1083.01
-2627.33 -1247.32
-4445.87 1181.9
4099.29
1083.01
5353.5
-1209.12 -5006.93
1031.25
-1711.73 -1150.22 -2627.33 -1209.12 2900.22
1328.1
3305.57
-1192.07 -3116.68 -1247.32 -5006.93 1328.1
4818.04
0 0 0 0
0 0 0L

3458.33
jij
jj 3301.69
jj
jj
jj -3498.32
jj
jj
jj -3357.19
jj
jj
jj -1398.85
jj
jj
jj -1055.79
jj
jj
jj 1438.84
jj
k 1111.29
3301.69
-3498.32 -3357.19 -1398.85 -1055.79 1438.84
1111.29
11192.6
-3243.11 -10052.3 -1089.82 -4445.87 1031.25
3305.57
-3243.11 3623.65
3253.28
1586.4
1181.9
-1711.73 -1192.07
-10052.3 3253.28
9069.64
1254.14
4099.29
-1150.22 -3116.68
-1089.82 1586.4
1254.14
2439.79
1083.01
-2627.33 -1247.32
-4445.87 1181.9
4099.29
1083.01
5353.5
-1209.12 -5006.93
1031.25
-1711.73 -1150.22 -2627.33 -1209.12 2900.22
1328.1
3305.57
-1192.07 -3116.68 -1247.32 -5006.93 1328.1
4818.04
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
0.
Du
zz jj 1 zz jj zz
zz jj
z j z
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj 4 zz jj zz
zj
z j z
{ k Dv4 { k 0. {
109

ij 1 yz
jj zz
jj 2 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 3 zz
jjj zzz
jj 4 zz
j z
jj 5 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 6 zzz
jj zz
jjj 7 zzz
jj zz
k8{
@1, 1D
jij
jj @2, 1D
jj
jj
jj @3, 1D
jj
jj
jj @4, 1D
j
jjj @5, 1D
jj
jjj @6, 1D
jj
jjj @7, 1D
jj
j
k @8, 1D
@1, 2D
@1, 3D
@1, 4D
@1, 5D
@1, 6D
@3, 3D
@3, 4D
@3, 5D
@3, 6D
@5, 3D
@5, 4D
@5, 5D
@5, 6D
@2, 2D
@2, 3D
@4, 2D
@4, 3D
@3, 2D
@5, 2D
@6, 2D
@7, 2D
@8, 2D
@6, 3D
@7, 3D
@8, 3D
@2, 4D
@4, 4D
@6, 4D
@7, 4D
@8, 4D
@2, 5D
@4, 5D
@6, 5D
@7, 5D
@8, 5D
@2, 6D
@4, 6D
@6, 6D
@7, 6D
@8, 6D
@1, 7D
@1, 8D y
zz
@2, 7D @2, 8D zzzz
zz
@3, 7D @3, 8D zzzz
zz
@4, 7D @4, 8D zzzz
z
@5, 7D @5, 8D zzzz
zz
@6, 7D @6, 8D zzzz
zz
@7, 7D @7, 8D zzzz
z
@8, 7D @8, 8D {

ij 3458.33
jj
jj 3301.69
jj
jj
jj -3498.32
jj
jj
jj -3357.19
jj
jj
jj -1398.85
jj
jj -1055.79
jj
jj
jj 1438.84
jj
j
k 1111.29
3301.69
-3498.32 -3357.19 -1398.85 -1055.79 1438.84
1111.29
11192.6
-3243.11 -10052.3 -1089.82 -4445.87 1031.25
3305.57
-3243.11 3623.65
3253.28
1586.4
1181.9
-1711.73 -1192.07
-10052.3 3253.28
9069.64
1254.14
4099.29
-1150.22 -3116.68
-1089.82 1586.4
1254.14
2439.79
1083.01
-2627.33 -1247.32
-4445.87 1181.9
4099.29
1083.01
5353.5
-1209.12 -5006.93
1031.25
-1711.73 -1150.22 -2627.33 -1209.12 2900.22
1328.1
3305.57
-1192.07 -3116.68 -1247.32 -5006.93 1328.1
4818.04
ij Du1 yz ij 0
yz
z j
jj
zz
jj Dv1 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jj Du zz jj 0
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz
jjj Dv2 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz = jj
jj
zz
jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jjj Du zzz jjj 0
zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
j
z j
z
k Dv4 { k 0
{
yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
110
3458.33
jij
jj 3301.69
jj
jj
jj -3498.32
jj
jj
jj -3357.19
j
K T = jjj
jj -1398.85
jj
jj
jj -1055.79
jj
jj
jj 1438.84
jj
k 1111.29
yz
ij 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz;
RE = jjj
zz
zz
jjj 0.
z
jj
jj -2000. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zzz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
{
k 0.
3301.69
-3498.32 -3357.19 -1398.85 -1055.79 1438.84
1111.29
11192.6
-3243.11 -10052.3 -1089.82 -4445.87 1031.25
3305.57
-3243.11 3623.65
3253.28
1586.4
1181.9
-1711.73 -1192.07
-10052.3 3253.28
9069.64
1254.14
4099.29
-1150.22 -3116.68
-1089.82 1586.4
1254.14
2439.79
1083.01
-2627.33 -1247.32
-4445.87 1181.9
4099.29
1083.01
5353.5
-1209.12 -5006.93
1031.25
-1711.73 -1150.22 -2627.33 -1209.12 2900.22
1328.1
3305.57
-1192.07 -3116.68 -1247.32 -5006.93 1328.1
4818.04
ij -859.98 yz
z
jj
jj 11967.1 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 344.568 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -9949.14 zzz
zz;
RI = jjj
z
jjj 3498.44 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -2057.18 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -2983.03 zzz
zz
jj
k 39.229 {
ij 859.98 yz
z
jj
jj -11967.1 zzz
zz
jjj
jj -344.568 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj 9949.14 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jj
jjj -3498.44 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 57.1788 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 2983.03 zzz
zz
jj
k -39.229 {
System of equations
ij 3458.33
jj
jj 3301.69
jj
jj
jj -3498.32
jj
jj
jj -3357.19
jj
jj
jj -1398.85
jj
jj -1055.79
jj
jj
jj 1438.84
jj
j
k 1111.29
3301.69
-3498.32 -3357.19 -1398.85 -1055.79 1438.84
1111.29
11192.6
-3243.11 -10052.3 -1089.82 -4445.87 1031.25
3305.57
-3243.11 3623.65
1586.4
1181.9
-1711.73 -1192.07
-10052.3 3253.28
9069.64
1254.14
4099.29
-1150.22 -3116.68
-1089.82 1586.4
1254.14
2439.79
1083.01
-2627.33 -1247.32
-4445.87 1181.9
4099.29
1083.01
5353.5
-1209.12 -5006.93
1031.25
-1711.73 -1150.22 -2627.33 -1209.12 2900.22
1328.1
3305.57
-1192.07 -3116.68 -1247.32 -5006.93 1328.1
4818.04
z j
jj
z
zz
zzz jjj
jjj
zz
jjj 2 zzz jjj
zz
zz jj
jj
z
zz = jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz jj
jj
zz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
z j
j
z
k Dv4 { k -39.229 {
3253.28
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
111
Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du2
Dv2
0
0
Du3
Du4

-5006.93 y i Dv3
ij 5353.5
zz jj
j
k -5006.93 4818.04 { k Dv4
yz ij 57.1788 yz
z=j
z
{ k -39.229 {

8Dv3 = 0.10921, Dv4 = 0.10535<

Du
Dv
0.10921
0.10535

Du
Dv
-9.0586
-9.2673
Total nodal values

u
-22.9665
-23.3059

112
zyz
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
85 z
zzz
2 z
zz
z
75 z
2 {
75
jij 2
jj
jj 85
jj 2
j
jj 0
jj
jj
jj
k0
5ts
5s
x0 Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
5ts
5s
y0 Hs,tL = + + 20 t + 20
4
4
5t
ij 54 -
4
J = jjj
5t
5
j
k 4 + 4
5s
-
- 20 yz
4
zz
z
5s
4 + 20 z{
25 s
detJ = + 50
8
0
jij
jj 0
j
jj 0
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-22.9665 zzzz
z
-23.3059 {
75
ij
jj 2
jj 85
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
19.5335 zzzz
zz
14.1941 {
0
5ts
5s
xII Hs,tL = - + - 20 t + 20
4
4
yII Hs,tL = 1.33484 t s + 1.33484 s + 8.4319 t + 8.4319
5t
i 5 -
4
J II = jjjj 4
k 1.33484 t + 1.33484
zyz
zz
1.33484 s + 8.4319 {
5s
-
- 20
4
detJ II = 3.33709 s + 16.1569 t + 37.2366
25 Hs+16L
i
8
k 16.1569 t + 16.1569
yz
zz
z
3.33709 s + 16.1569 t + 37.2366 {
0
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 830.4087, 3.23802<

i 1.97169 -19.2783 zy
J II = jj
z
k 0.564169 7.66123 {
detJ II = 25.9818
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
113
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL =
-0.107715 0
0.118572 0
0.0288623 0
-0.0397193 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.322521 0
0.284577 0
0.0864193 0
-0.0484756 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
k -0.322521 -0.107715 0.284577 0.118572 0.0864193 0.0288623 -0.0484756 -0.0397193 {
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
k 0.141687 0.539088 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.539088
0.141687 y
i 1.
zz
0.141687
0.310691 {
k
i 0.0100376 0.0381908 yz
z
k 0.0381908 -0.354692 {
i -248.75 85.5623 zy
z
k 85.5623 -665.012 {
i -164.767 148.436 yz
z
-1582.36 {
k 148.436
r Ti = H -25.5844 6552.83
-164.274 -5717.64 6.85532 -1755.83 183.003
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.14797, 12.0844<

i 0.528312 -19.2783 yz
J II = jj
z
k 2.10551 7.66123 {
920.634 L
detJ II = 44.6381
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
114
B TL
0.000465431 0
0.0231187 0
0.0626961 0
-0.0862803 0
jij
j
j
= jj 0
-0.0503006 0
0.0443829 0
0.171557 0
-0.
jj
k -0.0503006 0.000465431 0.0443829 0.0231187 0.171557 0.0626961 -0.165639 -0.
0
i1
zyz;
F IIp = jj
k 0.528782 0.926184 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.926184
0.528782 y
i 1.
zz
k 0.528782 1.13743 {
i 0.139805 0.244875 yz
z
k 0.244875 -0.071092 {
i -21.5213 222.607 zy
z
36.3325 {
k 222.607
-217.073 L
i -20.4488 240.045 yz
z
-227.186 {
k 240.045
r Ti = H -513.225 -78.9458 429.656
309.517
1687.07
924.563
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 832.6854, 3.88946<

i 1.97169 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
k 0.564169 9.20257 {
-1603.5 -1155.13 L
detJ II = 29.8351
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
0.129089 0
0.0251346 0
-0.0345893 0
ij -0.119634 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.280866
0
0.247823
0
0.099447
0
-0.066404
jj
zz
j
z
k -0.280866 -0.119634 0.247823 0.129089 0.099447 0.0251346 -0.066404 -0.0345893 {
0
i1
yz
z;
F IIp = jj
0.131817
0.575921
k
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.575921
115
0.131817 yz
i 1.
z
k 0.131817 0.349061 {
i 0.00868792 0.0379582 yz
z
k 0.0379582 -0.334158 {
i -212.568 76.1713 yz
z
-588.715 {
k 76.1713
i -147.143 125.231 yz
z
-1278.25 {
k 125.231
r Ti = H 144.747
5602.63
-307.073 -4879.23 80.0465
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.75802, 14.5157<

i 0.528312 -20.7217 yz
J II = jj
z
k 2.10551 9.20257 {
-2030.79 82.2801 1307.39 L
detJ II = 48.4915
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
-0.0154644 0
0.0371745 0
0.057714 0
-0.0794241 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.0463035 0
0.0408561 0
0.172807 0
-0.16736 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
-0.0794241 {
k -0.0463035 -0.0154644 0.0408561 0.0371745 0.172807 0.057714 -0.16736
0
i1
zyz;
F IIp = jj
k 0.491949 0.936053 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.936053
0.491949 yz
i 1.
z
k 0.491949 1.11821 {
i 0.121007 0.230245
yz
z
k 0.230245 -0.0619026 {
i -18.416 205.643 yz
z
k 205.643 30.9974 {
116
i -17.6222 219.484 yz
z
-191.983 {
k 219.484
r Ti = H -457.902 -228.794 382.551 441.737
1708.91 853.871 -1633.56 -1066.81 L
r Ti = H -851.964 11847.7
340.859

RTI = H -851.964 11847.7
340.859
-9845.61 3482.88 -2008.18 -2971.78 6.07127 L
-9845.61 3482.88 -2008.18 -2971.78 6.07127 L

-851.964 y
z
jij
jj 11847.7 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 340.859 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -9845.61 zzz
zz
j
zz;
RI = jjj
jjj 3482.88 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -2008.18 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -2971.78 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
6.07127
{
k
0.
zyz
jij
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.
zz
j
zz
RE = jjj
zz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
z
jjj -2000. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jjj 0.
zz
jj
zz
j
0.
{
k

i -2008.18 yz
i -2000. yz
z;
RE = jj
z;
RI = jj
{
k 6.07127 {
k 0.
RE = 2000.;
R = 10.1868

i 8.1799 yz
R = RE - RI = jj
z
k -6.07127 {
117
Load factor
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
v3
5
10
15
20
118
PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
2.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-22.699
0.0000
22.699
0.0000
-23.119
0.0000
23.119

NODE
VALUE
PRINT S
0.0000
-23.119
0.0000
23.119
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
2.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
119

ELEMENT=
NODE
PLANE182
SX
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
-96.862
-673.71
-0.21259E-10
120.56
0.0000
0.0000
-37.615
24.078
0.22737E-12
202.24
0.0000
0.0000
-44.693
25.377
218.44
0.0000
0.0000
-82.677
-780.81
147.72
0.0000
0.0000
!*Problem 9.3
!* One element model
!* Large displacement analysis
!* Hyper elastic material
PREP7
!* Element type
!*
ET,1,PLANE182
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,3,3
KEYOPT,1,6,0
KEYOPT,1,10,0
!*
R,1,1
!* Material property
*set, e, 1000
*set, nu, 0.25
*set, mu, eH2*H1+nuLL
*set, k, eH3*H1-2*nuLL
*set, d, 2k
0.0000
-0.22737E-12
120
*set, P, 2000
!* Ansys neo-Hookean model
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
TB,HYPE,1,1,2,NEO
TBTEMP,0
TBDATA,,mu,d,,,,
!*
k,1,37.5,0
k,2,42.5,0
k,3,0,42.5
k,4,0,37.5
A,1,2,3,4
ESIZE,100
AMESH,1
DL,1, ,ALL
SOLU
DL,3, ,UX
ANTYPE,0
NLGEOM,1
ARCLEN,1,1,0.0001
NCNV,2,0,0,0,0
RESCONTRL,DEFINE,ALL,1,1
ERESX,NO
OUTRES,ERASE
OUTRES,ALL,1
AUTOTS,-1.0
!* First load step
!* No applied load
!* Used for initialization of
!* the arc-length controls
LSWRITE,1,
!* Specify applied forces
FK,3,FY,-P
LSWRITE,2,
LSSOLVE,1,2,1
FINISH
!* Postprocessing
121
POST1
SET,LAST
PRNSOL,UX
9.4
Taking large displacements into consideration determine stresses in an Aluminum bracket shown in
Figure 9.17. A load of 10,000 lb is applied near the tip. The other end can be considered fixed. Assume a
compressible neo-Hookean material with E = 10.6 106 psi and n = 0.35.
1000 lb
5
4
3
Thickness = 1.25 in
2
1
0
0
Figure 9.17.
10
Aluminum bracket
(a) Use only two elements and obtain a solution using Mathematica/Matlab.
(b) Obtain solution using an available finite element computer program. For a more realistic analysis apply
the load over 1 inch length and assume a 1/4 in fillet at the inside corner of the bracket.
y
4
3
2
1
0
6
5
3
1
1
0
2
2
10
122

Node
dof
Value
Dv6
-1
(i) Load factor = 1

Iteration = 1
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
E = 10600.;
n = 0.35;
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz = jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 zzz jjj Dv4 zzz jjj 0 zzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 { k Dv6 { k -1 {
Initial thickness = 1.25

g = 0.461538

1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
123
0
jij
jj 5
jj
j 2
Initial coordinates = jjjj
jj 5
jj 2
jj
k0
5s
5
x0 Hs,tL = +
4
4
0y
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
3 zzz
zz
z
4{
ts
s
7t
7
y0 Hs,tL = - - + +
4
4
4
4
ij 54
J = jjj
j - t - 1
k 4
4
0
74
4s
yz
zz
zz
{
35
5s
detJ = -
16
16
0y
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
3 zzz
zz
z
4{
0
jij
jj 5
jj
j 2
Updated coordinates = jjjj
jj 5
jj 2
jj
k0
5s
5
xHs,tL = +
4
4
ts
s
7t
7
yHs,tL = - - + +
4
4
4
4
5
ij -
Hs - 7L
16
k0
yz
zz
zz
5
Hs - 7L {
-
16
0

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
124
i 5
0
J = jjjj 4
k -0.105662 1.89434
i 0.8
J -T = jj
k0
0.0446224 y
zz
0.527889 {
zyz
zz
{
detJ = 2.36792
i1
k0
0y
zz;
1{
ij 1 0 0 0 yz
j
z
jj
zz
k0 1 1 0 {
_
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.333066, 0.310755, 0.0892449, -0.0669336<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.208166, -0.055778, 0.055778, 0.208166<

GT =
-0.333066 0
0.310755
0
0.0892449 0
-0.0669336 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.208166 0
-0.055778 0
0.055778 0
0.208166 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
0.055778 0.0892449 0.208166
-0.0669336 {
k -0.208166 -0.333066 -0.055778 0.310755
ij 0
jj
jj 0
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0 0y
zz
0 0 zzzz
zz
0 0 zzzz
z
0 0{
B =
ij -0.333066
jj
jj -0.208166
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0.310755
-0.055778 0
-0.0669336 0
0.208166
0.0892449 0
-0.333066 0
0.310755
-0.208166 0
-0.055778 0
ij 6089.58
jj
jj 2685.59
jj
jj
jj -5076.91
jj
jj
jj -247.986
k c = jjj
jjj -1631.7
jj
jj -719.602
jj
jj
jj 619.031
jj
j
k -1718.
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.0669336 zzzz
z
0.208166 {
0.0892449 0
0.055778
0.055778
yz
z
-618.055 -719.602 -930.085 -427.886 -1922.99 zzzz
zz
-1538.1 4898.86
-671.398 1360.35
412.133
-1182.31 1797.37 zzzz
zz
-618.055 -671.398 1278.83
66.4476
165.607
852.936
-826.38 zzzz
zz
-719.602 1360.35
66.4476
437.212
192.817
-165.869 460.337 zzz
zz
-930.085 412.133
165.607
192.817
249.216
114.652
515.262 zzzz
zz
-427.886 -1182.31 852.936
-165.869 114.652
729.144
-539.701 zzzz
z
-1922.99 1797.37
-826.38 460.337
515.262
-539.701 2234.1
{
2685.59
-5076.91 -247.986 -1631.7
3471.13
-1538.1
-719.602 619.031
-1718.
125
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
j
k s = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
ij 6089.58
jj
jj 2685.59
jj
jj
jj -5076.91
jj
jj
jj -247.986
k = jjj
jjj -1631.7
jj
jjj -719.602
jj
jj
jj 619.031
jj
k -1718.
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
r i = jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0{
0y
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
z
0{
-719.602 619.031
-1718. y
zz
-618.055 -719.602 -930.085 -427.886 -1922.99 zzzz
zz
-1538.1 4898.86
-671.398 1360.35
412.133
-1182.31 1797.37 zzzz
zz
-618.055 -671.398 1278.83
66.4476
165.607
852.936
-826.38 zzzz
zz
-719.602 1360.35
66.4476
437.212
192.817
-165.869 460.337 zzz
zz
-930.085 412.133
165.607
192.817
249.216
114.652
515.262 zzzz
zz
-427.886 -1182.31 852.936
-165.869 114.652
729.144
-539.701 zzzz
z
-1922.99 1797.37
-826.38 460.337
515.262
-539.701 2234.1
{
2685.59
-5076.91 -247.986 -1631.7
3471.13
-1538.1

i 5
0
J = jjjj 4
k -0.394338 1.89434
i 0.8
J -T = jj
k0
0.166533 y
zz
0.527889 {
zyz
zz
{
i1
k0
detJ = 2.36792
0y
zz;
1{
ij 1 0 0 0 yz
_
j
z
jj
zz
k0 1 1 0 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
126
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.1502, 0.0669336, 0.333066, -0.2498<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.208166, -0.055778, 0.055778, 0.208166<

GT =
0
0.0669336 0
0.333066 0
-0.2498 0
ij -0.1502
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.208166
0
-0.055778
0
0.055778
0
0.208166
jj
zz
j
z
-0.055778 0.0669336 0.055778 0.333066 0.208166 -0.2498 {
k -0.208166 -0.1502
ij 0
jj
jj 0
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0 0y
zz
0 0 zzzz
zz
0 0 zzzz
z
0 0{
BT =
-0.1502
jij
jj -0.208166
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0.0669336
0.333066 0
-0.2498
-0.055778 0
0.055778 0
0.208166 0
-0.1502
0.333066 0
-0.055778 0
0.055778 0
0.0669336
-0.208166 0
ij 1639.56
jj
jj 1211.1
jj
jj
jj -371.315
jj
jj
jj 65.2487
k c = jjj
jj -2654.01
jj
jj
jjj -1032.84
jj
jj 1385.77
jj
j
k -243.511
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
j
k s = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-0.2498 zzzz
z
0.208166 {
-243.511 y
zz
-1746.05 zzzz
zz
-280.437 261.749
-144.613 1086.43
-114.652 -976.859 539.701 zzzz
zz
467.852
-144.613 208.724
-460.337 102.393
539.701
-778.969 zzzz
zz
zz
-1977.27 1086.43
-460.337 5622.18
719.602
-4054.6 1718.
zz
z
-1166.
-114.652 102.393
719.602
1445.75
427.886
-382.136 zzzz
zz
1046.61
-976.859 539.701
-4054.6 427.886
3645.69
-2014.19 zzzz
z
-1746.05 539.701
-778.969 1718.
-382.136 -2014.19 2907.15 {
1211.1
-371.315 65.2487
-2654.01 -1032.84 1385.77
2444.2
-280.437 467.852
-1977.27 -1166.
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0y
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
z
0{
1046.61
127
1639.56
jij
jj 1211.1
jj
jj
jj -371.315
jj
jj
jj 65.2487
j
k = jjj
jj -2654.01
jj
jj
jj -1032.84
jj
jj
jj 1385.77
jj
k -243.511
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
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0
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J -T = jj
k0
0.0526449 y
zz
0.622796 {
yz
zz
z
{
i1
k0
detJ = 2.00708
0y
zz;
1{
1 0 0 0
jij
j
j
F = jj 0 0 0 1
jj
k0 1 1 0
_
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
zyz
zz
zz
zz
{
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0
0.10529 0
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yz
jj
zz
jj 0
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0
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0
0.245592
0
0.0658061
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j
z
0.245592 0.10529 0.0658061
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128
0
jij
jj 0
j
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0 0y
zz
0 0 zzzz
zz
0 0 zzzz
z
0 0{
0
0
0
0
BT =
ij -0.321033
jj
jj -0.0658061
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0.29471
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0.245592 0
0.0658061
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ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
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jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
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j
k0
693.603
0.10529
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1199.94
330.856
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4301.13
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64.8675
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jjj -3878.97
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jj
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jj
jj
jj 1039.37
jj
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0.10529
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4441.48
jij
jj 693.603
jj
jj
jj -3878.97
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jj
jj 1620.97
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jj
jj
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jj
jj
jj 1039.37
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0y
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0 zzzz
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0 zzzz
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0 zzzz
zz
0 zzz
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0 zzzz
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0 zzzz
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0{
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zz
zz
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-0.0789674 zzzz
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0.0658061 {
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607.899 zzzz
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246.25
{
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129
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
r i = jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0{

i 5
0
J = jjjj 4
k -0.394338 1.60566
i 0.8
J -T = jj
k0
0.196473 y
zz
0.622796 {
zyz
zz
{
i1
k0
detJ = 2.00708
0y
zz;
1{
ij 1 0 0 0
_
j
F = jjjj 0 0 0 1
jj
k0 1 1 0
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.10529, 0.00705308, 0.392947, -0.29471<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.0658061, -0.245592, 0.245592, 0.0658061<

GT =
0
0.00705308 0
0.392947 0
-0.29471 0
ij -0.10529
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.0658061
0
-0.245592
0
0.245592
0
0.0658061
jj
zz
j
z
-0.245592 0.00705308 0.245592 0.392947 0.0658061 -0.29471 {
k -0.0658061 -0.10529
ij 0
jj
jj 0
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0 0y
zz
0 0 zzzz
zz
0 0 zzzz
z
0 0{
130
BT =
ij -0.10529
jj
jj -0.0658061
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0.392947 0
-0.29471
-0.245592
0.245592 0
0.0658061 0
-0.10529
-0.0658061 0
227.482
127.487
589.712
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31.7819
294.021
244.026
682.478
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120.802
244.026
596.202
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682.478
-56.8706 2574.83
377.468
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3168.42
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4095.18
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377.468
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723.562
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0y
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0 zzzz
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0{
227.482
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682.478
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jj
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jj
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jjj -1925.05
jj
jjj -848.976
jj
jj
jj 1281.75
jj
k 31.7819
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
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jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
j z
r i = jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
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k0{
0.392947 0
0.245592 0
0.00705308 0
ij 515.816
jj
jj 227.482
jj
jj
jj 127.487
jj
jj
jj 589.712
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jjj -1925.05
jj
jj -848.976
jj
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jj 1281.75
jj
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k 31.7819
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
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k s = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
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jj 0
jj
k0
0.00705308 0
-0.245592
yz
zz
zz
zz
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-0.29471 zzzz
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0.0658061 {
0
0
377.468
-2200.83 -2547.04 1667.99
-710.266
-848.976 -475.788 -2200.83 7184.4
3168.42
-4783.55 -118.612
4095.18
-1408.73 -450.839
-1097.3
-910.717 -2547.04 3168.42
377.468
-247.901 1667.99
120.802
723.562
-4783.55 -1408.73 3749.71
-636.732
-710.266 -118.612 -450.839 -636.732 1040.3
yz
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yz
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{
131
ij 12686.4
jj
jj 4817.77
jj
jj
jj -9199.71
jj
jj
jj 2027.95
k = jjj
jjj -7812.64
jj
jjj -4481.65
jj
jj
jj 4325.91
jj
k -2364.07
r =H0
T
4817.77
-9199.71 2027.95
7409.29
-1243.66 290.187
-1243.66 10057.9
290.187
-3249.2
-7812.64 -4481.65 4325.91

-4481.65 -4216.11 907.534
-3249.2
2701.31
7492.2
-2476.11 -4547.75 3697.36
795.493
-3559.55
-4481.65 2701.31
-2476.11 14311.
4929.82
-9199.71
-4216.11 795.493
-4547.75 4929.82
8473.68
-1243.66
907.534
-3559.55 3697.36
-3483.36 3697.36
0 0 0 0
0 0 0L
-9199.71 -1243.66 8433.35
-3234.63 2027.95
290.187
-3361.24

ij 12686.4
jj
jj 4817.77
jj
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jj -9199.71
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jj 2027.95
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jj -7812.64
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jj -4481.65
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k -2364.07
4817.77
-9199.71 2027.95
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-1243.66 290.187
-1243.66 10057.9
290.187
-3249.2
-7812.64 -4481.65 4325.91

-4481.65 -4216.11 907.534
-3249.2
2701.31
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-2476.11 -4547.75 3697.36
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-3559.55
-4481.65 2701.31
-2476.11 14311.
4929.82
-9199.71
-4216.11 795.493
-4547.75 4929.82
8473.68
-1243.66
907.534
-3559.55 3697.36
-3483.36 3697.36
-9199.71 -1243.66 8433.35
-3234.63 2027.95
290.187
-3361.24

ij 1 yz
jj zz
jj 2 zz
jjj zzz
jj 3 zz
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jj zz
jj 4 zz
jjj 5 zzz
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k8{
-2364.07 y
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3697.36 zzzz
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6427.81 {
-2364.07 y i Du1 y i 0. y
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12686.4
jij
jj 4817.77
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jj -9199.71
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jj 2027.95
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jj -7812.64
jj
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jj -4481.65
jj
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jj 4325.91
jj
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jj -2364.07
jj
jj 0
jj
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jj 0
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4817.77
-9199.71 2027.95
7409.29
-1243.66 290.187
-1243.66 10057.9
290.187
-3249.2
-7812.64 -4481.65 4325.91
-2364.07 0
-4481.65 -4216.11 907.534
-3483.36 0
-3249.2
2701.31
7492.2
-2476.11 -4547.75 3697.36
795.493
-3234.63 0
-4481.65 2701.31
-2476.11 14311.
4929.82
-9199.71 2027.95
-4216.11 795.493
-4547.75 4929.82
8473.68
-1243.66 290.187
907.534
-3559.55 3697.36
-9199.71 -1243.66 8433.35
-3361.24 0
-3483.36 3697.36
-3234.63 2027.95
290.187
-3361.24 6427.81
ij Du1 yz ij 0 yz
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Point
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8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
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9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0982367, 0.0982367, 0.0263225, -0.0263225<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.982367, -0.0176327, 0.263225, 0.736775<
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k -0.982367 -0.0982367 -0.0176327 0.0982367
ij 0
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0.0263225 0
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0
135
9917.16
jij
jj 3168.42
jj
jj
jj -241.283
jj
jj
jj -910.717
j
k c = jjj
jj -2657.29
jj
jj
jj -848.976
jj
jj
jj -7018.58
jj
k -1408.73
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
k s = jjj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
3168.42
41284.5
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644.265
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ij 9917.16
jj
jj 3168.42
jj
jj
jjj -241.283
jj
jj -910.717
j
k = jjj
jj -2657.29
jj
jj
jj -848.976
jj
jj
jj -7018.58
jj
k -1408.73
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
r i = jjj zzz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
j z
k0{
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0 zzzz
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0 zzzz
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0{
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1667.99
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i 4.73584
J = jjjj
k0
-0.985844 y
zz
zz
12
{
detJ = 2.36792
136
i 0.211156 0 yz
J -T = jj
z
k 0.416333 2. {
i1
k0
ij 1 0 0 0
_
j
F = jjjj 0 0 0 1
jj
k0 1 1 0
0y
zz;
1{
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0223112, 0.0223112, 0.0832666, -0.0832666<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.832666, -0.167334, 0.375501, 0.624499<
0.0223112 0
0.0832666 0
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jij
j
j
G = jj 0
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0.375501 0
0.6
jj
-0.
k -0.832666 -0.0223112 -0.167334 0.0223112 0.375501 0.0832666 0.624499
T
0
jij
jj 0
j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
0
0
0
0
0 0y
zz
0 0 zzzz
zz
0 0 zzzz
zz
0 0{
ij -0.0223112
jj
jj -0.832666
B T = jjjj
jjj 0
jj
k0
ij 8081.84
jj
jj 719.602
jj
jj
jj 1594.04
jj
jj
jj -114.652
k c = jjj
jjj -3726.85
jj
jj -1032.84
jj
jj
jj -5949.03
jj
j
k 427.886
0.0223112
-0.167334 0
0.0832666 0
-0.0832666 0
0.375501
0.624499
0.0832666 0
-0.
0.375501
0.62
-0.0223112 0
0.0223112
-0.832666
-0.167334 0
yz
z
-26162.9 zzzz
zz
-460.337 350.444
-144.613 -636.606 65.2487
-1307.88 539.701 zzzz
zz
7010.33
-144.613 1415.76
-280.437 -3142.41 539.701
-5283.68 zzzz
z
-1977.27 -636.606 -280.437 1987.61
1211.1
2375.85
1046.61 zzzz
zz
-15765.9 65.2487
-3142.41 1211.1
7180.64
-243.511 11727.6 zzzz
zz
1718.
-1307.88 539.701
2375.85
-243.511 4881.06
-2014.19 zzzz
z
-26162.9 539.701
-5283.68 1046.61
11727.6
-2014.19 19718.9 {
-114.652 -3726.85 -1032.84 -5949.03 427.886
719.602
1594.04
34918.5
-460.337 7010.33
-1977.27 -15765.9 1718.
137
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
j
k s = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0y
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
z
0{
719.602
1594.04
34918.5
-460.337 7010.33
ij 8081.84
jj
jj 719.602
jj
jj
jj 1594.04
jj
jj
jj -114.652
k = jjj
jjj -3726.85
jj
jjj -1032.84
jj
jj
jj -5949.03
jj
k 427.886
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
r i = jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0{
yz
z
-26162.9 zzzz
zz
-460.337 350.444
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zz
7010.33
-144.613 1415.76
-280.437 -3142.41 539.701
-5283.68 zzzz
zz
-1977.27 -636.606 -280.437 1987.61
1211.1
2375.85
1046.61 zzz
zz
-15765.9 65.2487
-3142.41 1211.1
7180.64
-243.511 11727.6 zzzz
zz
1718.
-1307.88 539.701
2375.85
-243.511 4881.06
-2014.19 zzzz
z
-26162.9 539.701
-5283.68 1046.61
11727.6
-2014.19 19718.9 {
-114.652 -3726.85 -1032.84 -5949.03 427.886
-1977.27 -15765.9 1718.

i 4.01416
J = jjjj
k0
-0.264156 y
zz
zz
12
{
i 0.249118 0 yz
z
J -T = jj
k 0.131612 2. {
i1
k0
detJ = 2.00708
0y
zz;
1{
ij 1 0 0 0 yz
_
j
z
jj
zz
k0 1 1 0 {
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
138
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0982367, 0.0982367, 0.0263225, -0.0263225<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.263225, -0.736775, 0.802582, 0.197418<
0.0982367 0
0.0263225 0
-0.0263225 0
-0.0982367 0
jij
j
j
G = jj 0
-0.263225 0
-0.736775 0
0.802582 0
0.1
jj
-0.
k -0.263225 -0.0982367 -0.736775 0.0982367 0.802582 0.0263225 0.197418
T
0
jij
jj 0
j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0 0y
zz
0 0 zzzz
zz
0 0 zzzz
z
0 0{
ij -0.0982367
jj
jj -0.263225
B T = jjjj
jjj 0
jj
k0
ij 1094.34
jj
jj 848.976
jj
jj
jj 1498.3
jj
jj
jj 1408.73
k c = jjj
jj -2191.17
jj
jj
jjj -1880.24
jj
jj -401.469
jj
j
k -377.468
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
j
k s = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0.0982367
-0.736775 0
0.0263225 0
-0.0263225 0
0.802582
0.197418
0.0263225 0
-0.
0.802582
0.19
-0.0982367 0
0.0982367
-0.263225
-0.736775 0
-2191.17 -1880.24 -401.469 -377.468 y

zz
-31.7819 -2192.48 zzzz
zz
118.612
5758.61
-2376.32 -5713.89 1620.97
-1543.01 636.732 zzzz
zz
8182.46
-2376.32 23264.1
330.856
-25213. 636.732
-6233.61 zzzz
zz
-935.806 -5713.89 330.856
6374.03
693.603
1531.03
-88.6525 zzz
zz
zz
-9042.3 1620.97
-25213. 693.603
27499.5
-434.338 6755.8
zz
zz
-31.7819 -1543.01 636.732
1531.03
-434.338 413.449
-170.612 zzzz
z
-2192.48 636.732
-6233.61 -88.6525 6755.8
-170.612 1670.29 {
848.976
1498.3
1408.73
3052.32
118.612
8182.46
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0y
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
z
0{
-935.806 -9042.3
139
1094.34
jij
jj 848.976
jj
jj
jj 1498.3
jj
jj
jj 1408.73
j
k = jjj
jj -2191.17
jj
jj
jj -1880.24
jj
jj
jj -401.469
jj
k -377.468
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
r i = jjj zzz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0{
-2191.17 -1880.24 -401.469 -377.468 y

zz
3052.32
118.612
8182.46
-935.806 -9042.3 -31.7819 -2192.48 zzzz
zz
118.612
5758.61
-2376.32 -5713.89 1620.97
-1543.01 636.732 zzzz
zz
8182.46
-2376.32 23264.1
330.856
-25213. 636.732
-6233.61 zzzz
zz
-935.806 -5713.89 330.856
6374.03
693.603
1531.03
-88.6525 zzz
zz
zz
-9042.3 1620.97
-25213. 693.603
27499.5
-434.338 6755.8
zz
zz
-31.7819 -1543.01 636.732
1531.03
-434.338 413.449
-170.612 zzzz
z
-2192.48 636.732
-6233.61 -88.6525 6755.8
-170.612 1670.29 {
848.976
1498.3
1408.73

i 4.73584
J = jjjj
k0
-0.264156 y
zz
zz
12
{
i 0.211156 0 yz
J -T = jj
z
k 0.111556 2. {
i1
k0
detJ = 2.36792
0y
zz;
1{
1 0 0 0
jij
j
j
F = jj 0 0 0 1
jj
k0 1 1 0
_
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
zyz
zz
zz
zz
{
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0223112, 0.0223112, 0.0832666, -0.0832666<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.223112, -0.776888, 0.832666, 0.167334<
0.0223112 0
0.0832666 0
-0.0832666 0
ij -0.0223112 0
jj
j
G = jj 0
-0.223112 0
-0.776888 0
0.832666 0
0.1
jj
-0.223112
-0.0223112
-0.776888
0.0223112
0.832666
0.0832666
0.167334
-0.
k
T
140
0
jij
jj 0
j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
0
0
0 0y
zz
0 0 zzzz
zz
0 0 zzzz
z
0 0{
ij -0.0223112
jj
jj -0.223112
T
B = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
603.516
jij
jj 192.817
jj
jj
jj 1989.13
jj
jj
jj 412.133
j
k c = jjj
jjj -2252.35
jj
jj -719.602
jj
jj
jj -340.289
jj
j
k 114.652
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
k s = jjj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0.0223112
-0.776888 0
0.0832666 0
-0.0832666 0
0.832666
0.167334
0.0832666 0
-0.
0.832666
0.16
-0.0223112 0
0.0223112
-0.223112
-0.776888 0
zyz
-1858.37 zzzz
zz
66.4476
7038.59
-671.398 -7423.52 -247.986 -1604.19 852.936 zzzz
zz
8722.38
-671.398 30397.7
-1538.1 -32552.4 1797.37
-6567.71 zzzz
zz
-719.602 -7423.52 -1538.1 8405.9
2685.59
1269.98
-427.886 zzz
zz
-9376.41 -247.986 -32552.4 2685.59
34993.2
-1718.
6935.55 zzzz
zz
460.337
-1604.19 1797.37
1269.98
-1718.
674.505
-539.701 zzzz
z
-1858.37 852.936
-6567.71 -427.886 6935.55
-539.701 1490.54 {
192.817
1989.13
412.133
-2252.35 -719.602 -340.289 114.652
2512.4
66.4476
8722.38
-719.602 -9376.41 460.337
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0y
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzz
zz
0 zzzz
zz
0 zzzz
z
0{
192.817
1989.13
412.133
-2252.35 -719.602 -340.289 114.652
2512.4
66.4476
8722.38
-719.602 -9376.41 460.337
603.516
jij
jj 192.817
jj
jj
jj 1989.13
jj
jj
jj 412.133
j
k = jjj
jjj -2252.35
jj
jjj -719.602
jj
jj
jj -340.289
jj
k 114.652
zyz
-1858.37 zzzz
zz
66.4476
7038.59
-671.398 -7423.52 -247.986 -1604.19 852.936 zzzz
zz
8722.38
-671.398 30397.7
-1538.1 -32552.4 1797.37
-6567.71 zzzz
zz
-719.602 -7423.52 -1538.1 8405.9
2685.59
1269.98
-427.886 zzz
zz
-9376.41 -247.986 -32552.4 2685.59
34993.2
-1718.
6935.55 zzzz
zz
460.337
-1604.19 1797.37
1269.98
-1718.
674.505
-539.701 zzzz
z
-1858.37 852.936
-6567.71 -427.886 6935.55
-539.701 1490.54 {
141
0
jij zyz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
r i = jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
k0{
ij 19696.9
jj
jj 4929.82
jj
jj
jj 4840.18
jj
jj
jj 795.493
k = jjj
jj -10827.7
jj
jj
jjj -4481.65
jj
jj -13709.4
jj
j
k -1243.66
rT = H 0
-10827.7 -4481.65 -13709.4 -1243.66 y

zz
-61080.4 zzzz
zz
-2476.11 13562.6
-3249.2 -13709.4 2027.95
-4693.41 3697.36 zzzz
zz
24559.4
-3249.2 55185.9
-1243.66 -61080.4 3697.36
-18665. zzzz
zz
-4481.65 -13709.4 -1243.66 17479.6
4817.77
7057.48
907.534 zzz
zz
-45246.7 2027.95
-61080.4 4817.77
72637.5
-2364.07 33689.7 zzzz
zz
2027.95
-4693.41 3697.36
7057.48
-2364.07 11345.3
-3361.24 zzzz
z
-61080.4 3697.36
-18665. 907.534
33689.7
-3361.24 46055.7 {
4929.82
4840.18
81767.7
-2476.11 24559.4
0 0 0 0
795.493
-4481.65 -45246.7 2027.95
0 0 0L

ij 19696.9
jj
jj 4929.82
jj
jj
jj 4840.18
jj
jj
jj 795.493
jj
jj
jjj -10827.7
jj
jjj -4481.65
jj
jj -13709.4
jj
j
k -1243.66
-10827.7 -4481.65 -13709.4 -1243.66 y i Du3 y i 0. y

zz jj
zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
-2476.11 13562.6
-3249.2 -13709.4 2027.95
-4693.41 3697.36 zzzz jjjj Du5 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
24559.4
-3249.2 55185.9
-1243.66 -61080.4 3697.36
-18665. zzzz jjjj Dv5 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
-4481.65 -13709.4 -1243.66 17479.6
4817.77
7057.48
zz jj
zz jj zz
-45246.7 2027.95
-61080.4 4817.77
72637.5
-2364.07 33689.7 zzzz jjjj Dv6 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zz jj
zz jj zz
2027.95
-4693.41 3697.36
7057.48
-2364.07 11345.3
zj
z j z
-61080.4 3697.36
-18665. 907.534
33689.7
-3361.24 46055.7 { k Dv4 { k 0. {
4929.82
4840.18
81767.7
-2476.11 24559.4
795.493
-4481.65 -45246.7 2027.95
142
5
jij
jj 6
jj
jj
jj 9
jj
jj
jj 10
j
Locations for element contributions to a global vector: jjj
jj 11
jj
jj
jj 12
jj
jj
jj 7
jj
k8
ij @5, 5D
jj
jj @6, 5D
jj
jj
jj @9, 5D
jj
jj
jj @10, 5D
jjj @11, 5D
jj
jjj @12, 5D
jj
jj
jj @7, 5D
jj
k @8, 5D
@5, 6D
@6, 6D
@9, 6D
@5, 9D
@5, 10D
@9, 9D
@9, 10D
@6, 9D
@6, 10D
@10, 6D @10, 9D @10, 10D
@11, 6D @11, 9D @11, 10D
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
@5, 11D
@5, 12D
@9, 11D
@9, 12D
@6, 11D
@10, 11D
@11, 12D
@7, 11D
@7, 12D
@12, 11D
@8, 6D
@8, 11D
@7, 9D
@8, 9D
@7, 10D
@8, 10D
@10, 12D
@11, 11D
@12, 6D @12, 9D @12, 10D

@7, 6D
@6, 12D
@12, 12D
@8, 12D
@5, 7D
@5, 8D y
zz
@6, 8D zzzz
zz
@9, 7D @9, 8D zzzz
zz
@10, 7D @10, 8D zzzz
zz
@11, 7D @11, 8D zzz
zz
@12, 7D @12, 8D zzzz
zz
@7, 7D @7, 8D zzzz
z
@8, 7D @8, 8D {
@6, 7D

ij 12686.4
jj
jj 4817.77
jj
jj
jj -9199.71
jj
jj
jj 2027.95
jj
jj
jjj -7812.64
jj
jjj -4481.65
jj
jj 4325.91
jj
jj
jj -2364.07
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
4817.77
-9199.71 2027.95
-7812.64 -4481.65 4325.91
-2364.07 0
7409.29
-1243.66 290.187
-4481.65 -4216.11 907.534
-3483.36 0
-1243.66 10057.9
290.187
-3249.2
-3249.2
2701.31
7492.2
-2476.11 -4547.75 3697.36
795.493
-3559.55 3697.36
-3234.63 0
-4481.65 2701.31
-2476.11 34007.9
9859.63
-22909.1 784.289
-4216.11 795.493
-4547.75 9859.63
90241.4
784.289
-60790.2 -2476.11 2455
-22909.1 784.289
19778.6
-6722.48 -4693.41 3697
907.534
-3559.55 3697.36
4840.18
795.
-3483.36 3697.36
-3234.63 784.289
-60790.2 -6722.48 52483.5
3697.36
-18
4840.18
-2476.11 -4693.41 3697.36
13562.6
-32
795.493
24559.4
3697.36
-18665.
-3249.2
5518
-10827.7 -4481.65 7057.48
907.534
-13709.4 -12
-4481.65 -45246.7 -2364.07 33689.7
2027.95
-61
143
12686.4
jij
jj 4817.77
jj
jj
jj -9199.71
jj
jj
jj 2027.95
jj
jj
jj -7812.64
jj
jj
jj -4481.65
K T = jjjj
jj 4325.91
jj
jj
jj -2364.07
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
ij 0. yz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
j
zz;
RE = jjjj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -1. {
4817.77
-9199.71 2027.95
-7812.64 -4481.65 4325.91
-2364.07 0
7409.29
-1243.66 290.187
-4481.65 -4216.11 907.534
-3483.36 0
-1243.66 10057.9
290.187
-3249.2
-3249.2
2701.31
7492.2
-2476.11 -4547.75 3697.36
795.493
-3559.55 3697.36
-3234.63 0
-4481.65 2701.31
-2476.11 34007.9
9859.63
-22909.1 784.289
-4216.11 795.493
-4547.75 9859.63
90241.4
784.289
-60790.2 -
-22909.1 784.289
19778.6
-6722.48 -
907.534
-3559.55 3697.36
-3483.36 3697.36
-3234.63 784.289
ij 0 yz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
jj zz
jjj 0 zzz
RI = jjjj zzzz;
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jjj zzz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 0 zz
jj zz
j z
k0{
-60790.2 -6722.48 52483.5
4840.18
-2476.11 -4693.41 3697.36
795.493
24559.4
3697.36
-18665.
-10827.7 -4481.65 7057.48
907.534
-4481.65 -45246.7 -2364.07 33689.7
ij 0. yz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
j
zz
R = RE - RI = jjjj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jjj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
k -1. {
144
System of equations
12686.4
jij
jj 4817.77
jj
jj
jj -9199.71
jj
jj
jj 2027.95
jj
jj
jj -7812.64
jj
jj
jj -4481.65
jj
jj
jj 4325.91
jj
jj
jj -2364.07
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
4817.77
-9199.71 2027.95
7409.29
-1243.66 290.187
-1243.66 10057.9
290.187
-3249.2
-7812.64 -4481.65 4325.91
-2364.07 0
-4481.65 -4216.11 907.534
-3483.36 0
-3249.2
2701.31
7492.2
-2476.11 -4547.75 3697.36
795.493
-3559.55 3697.36
-3234.63 0
-4481.65 2701.31
-2476.11 34007.9
9859.63
-22909.1 784.289
-4216.11 795.493
-4547.75 9859.63
90241.4
784.289
-60790.2 -2476.
-22909.1 784.289
19778.6
-6722.48 -4693.
907.534
-3559.55 3697.36
4840.18
-3483.36 3697.36
-3234.63 784.289
-60790.2 -6722.48 52483.5
4840.18
-2476.11 -4693.41 3697.36
795.493
24559.4
3697.36
-18665.
-3249.
-10827.7 -4481.65 7057.48
907.534
-13709
-4481.65 -45246.7 -2364.07 33689.7
2027.95

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du2
Dv2
0
0

3697.36
13562.6
145
34007.9
jij
jj 9859.63
jj
jj
jj -22909.1
jj
jj
jj 784.289
jj
jj
jj 4840.18
jj
jj
jj 795.493
jj
jj
jj -10827.7
jj
k -4481.65
-10827.7 -4481.65 y
zz
90241.4
784.289
-60790.2 -2476.11 24559.4
-4481.65 -45246.7 zzzz
zz
784.289
19778.6
-6722.48 -4693.41 3697.36
7057.48
-2364.07 zzzz
zz
-60790.2 -6722.48 52483.5
3697.36
-18665. 907.534
33689.7 zzzz
zz
-2476.11 -4693.41 3697.36
13562.6
-3249.2 -13709.4 2027.95 zzz
zz
24559.4
3697.36
-18665. -3249.2 55185.9
-1243.66 -61080.4 zzzz
zz
-4481.65 7057.48
907.534
-13709.4 -1243.66 17479.6
4817.77 zzzz
z
-45246.7 -2364.07 33689.7
2027.95
-61080.4 4817.77
72637.5 {
9859.63
-22909.1 784.289
4840.18
795.493
Du
0 y
jij 3 zyz jij
z
jj Dv zz jj 0 zzz
jj 3 zz jj
zz
z j
jj
z
jj Du zzz jjj 0 zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
z j
jj
z
zz jj
jj
zz
zz = jj
jj
z
jj Du5 zz jj 0 zzz
zz jj
jj
zz
z j
jj
z
zz jj
jj
zz
jj 6 zz jj
zz
j
z j
z
Dv
-1.
k 6{ k
{
8Du3 = 0.00106552, Dv3 = -0.000827007, Du4 = 0.00156468, Dv4 = 0.000898983,

Du5 = 0.00128101, Dv5 = -0.00627425, Du6 = 0.00205808, Dv6 = -0.00627746<

Du
Dv
0.00106552
-0.000827007
0.00156468
0.000898983
0.00128101
-0.00627425
0.00205808
-0.00627746
146
Du
Dv
0.00106552
-0.000827007
0.00156468
0.000898983
0.00128101
-0.00627425
0.00205808
-0.00627746
Total nodal values

u
0.00106552
-0.000827007
0.00156468
0.000898983
0.00128101
-0.00627425
0.00205808
-0.00627746

0
jij
jj 5
jj
j 2
Nodal coordinates = jjjj
jj 5
jj 2
jj
k0
5s
5
x0 Hs,tL = +
4
4
0y
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
3 zzz
zz
z
4{
ts
s
7t
7
y0 Hs,tL = - - + +
4
4
4
4
ij 54
J = jjjj
t
1
k - 4 - 4
yz
zz
z
7
s z
4 - 4 {
35
5s
detJ = -
16
16
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj 0.00106552
jj
k 0.00156468
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.000827007 zzzz
zz
0.000898983 {
147
0
jij
jj 5
jj
jj 2.50107
jj
j
k 0.00156468
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
2.99917 zzz
zz
4.0009 {
0
0
xII Hs,tL = -0.000124791t s + 1.24988 s + 0.000657549 t + 1.25066

yII Hs,tL = -0.250431 t s - 0.250431 s + 1.75002 t + 1.75002
i 1.24988 - 0.000124791t 0.000657549 - 0.000124791s yz

J II = jj
z
k -0.250431 t - 0.250431 1.75002 - 0.250431 s
{
detJ II = -0.313039 s - 0.0000537159 t + 2.18747
i -0.3125 s - 0.0000539974 t + 2.18745 0.000821937 - 0.000155989 s

Deformation gradient, F IIp = H1detJ L jj
2.18752 - 0.313039 s
k -0.000750622 t - 0.000750622
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 80.528621, 0.800754<

0.000729598 y
i 1.24995
zz
J II = jj
{
k -0.105845 1.8946
yz
z
{
detJ II = 2.36823
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 yII , N2 yII , N3 yII , N4 yII = = 8-0.208009, -0.0558898, 0.0557358, 0.208163<

B TL
0.310751
0
0.0892532 0
-0.0669064 0
-0.333097 0
jij
j
j
-0.208009 0
-0.0558898 0
0.0557358 0
0.20
= jj 0
jj
-0.208009
-0.333097
-0.0558898
0.310751
0.0557358
0.0892532
0.208163
-0.
k
0.000385147 y
i 0.99999
zz;
F IIp = jj
{
k -0.000133978 1.00014
Det@F IIp D = 1.00013
0.000251224 y
i 0.999981
zz
0.000251224
1.00028
k
{
i -9.62896 10-6
Green-Lagrange strain tensor, e = jjj
k 0.000125573
i 0.480481 0.986226 yz
z
k 0.986226 1.66284 {
0.000125573 yz
zz
0.000141093 {
148
0.98558 y
zz
1.66273 {
i 0.47976
k 0.98558
r Ti = H -1.08099 -1.99626 0.27881 0.632081 0.289652 0.534897 0.512534 0.829284 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 80.529463, 2.98846<

0.000729598 yz
i 1.2498
J II = jj
z
-0.395018
1.8946
k
{
detJ II = 2.36817
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL =
-0.15031 0
0.0669082
0
0.333106 0
-0.249705 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.208079 0
-0.0557959 0
0.0556419 0
0.208233 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
0.0556419 0.333106 0.208233
-0.249705 {
k -0.208079 -0.15031 -0.0557959 0.0669082
0.000385147 y
i 0.999964
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000500014 1.00014
{
Det@F IIp D = 1.00011
-0.000114795 y
i 0.999928
zz
-0.000114795
1.00028
{
k
i -0.0000358438 -0.0000574759 yz
z
k -0.0000574759 0.000141093 {
-0.450655 y
i 0.163023
zz
k -0.450655 1.55304 {
0.0297033 L
-0.451146 y
i 0.16339
zz
k -0.451146 1.55222 {
r Ti = H 0.205037 -0.756047 0.106716 -0.34575 0.0865179 -0.188561 -0.398271 1.29036 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 81.97194, 0.678535<
149
0.000585501 yz
i 1.24995
J II = jj
z
k -0.105845 1.60543
{
detJ II = 2.00677
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
B TL =
-0.321047 0
0.294675
0
0.10533 0
-0.0789578 0
jij
jj 0
-0.0656985 0
-0.245735 0
0.245589 0
0.0658444
jj
jj
-0.0656985
-0.321047
-0.245735
0.294675
0.245589
0.10533
0.0658444
-0.0789578
k
0.000364648 y
i 0.999989
zz;
F IIp = jj
{
k -0.000158066 0.999856
Det@F IIp D = 0.999845
0.000206531 y
i 0.999977
zz
{
k 0.000206531 0.999712
yz
i -0.0000113582 0.0001033
z
-0.000143871 {
k 0.0001033
i -0.745286 0.810884 yz
z
-1.78668 {
k 0.810884
i -0.745841 0.811486 yz
z
-1.78681 {
k 0.811486
r Ti = H 0.466606 -0.358613 -1.05083 1.70087
0.302654 -0.886506 0.281569 -0.455746 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 81.97261, 2.53233<

0.000585501 yz
i 1.2498
J II = jj
z
k -0.395018 1.60543
{
detJ II = 2.0067
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
150

B TL =
0.00690847 0
0.393108 0
-0.294684 0
ij -0.105333 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.0657772
0
-0.24563
0
0.245484
0
0.0659231
jj
zz
j
z
0.00690847 0.245484 0.393108 0.0659231 -0.294684 {
k -0.0657772 -0.105333 -0.24563
0.000364648 y
i 0.999958
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000589909 0.999856
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.999814
-0.000225289 y
i 0.999915
zz
k -0.000225289 0.999712
{
i -0.0000422613 -0.000112596 yz
z
k -0.000112596 -0.000143871 {
i -1.11992 -0.884544 yz
z
k -0.884544 -1.91613 {
i -1.11928 -0.884595 yz
z
k -0.884595 -1.91756 {
r Ti = H 0.44189
0.549915 0.525642 1.16538 -1.64916 -2.05231 0.681624 0.33702 L
r Ti = H 0.0325383 -2.56101 -0.139661 3.15257
-0.970333 -2.59248 1.07746
2.00092 L
RTI = H 0.0325383 -2.56101 -0.139661 3.15257

ij 52
jj
jj
j 10
jj 10
jj
j
k0
3 yz
zz
z
3 zzzz
zz
4 zzz
zz
4{
-0.970333 -2.59248 1.07746
2.00092 0 0 0 0
151
5ts
35 s
5t
45
x0 Hs,tL = + - +
8
8
8
8
t
7
y0 Hs,tL = +
2
2
5t
35
ij
+
8
8
j
j
J = jj
k0
5s
- 58 yz
8
zz
zz
12
{
5t
35
detJ = +
16
16
ij 0.00106552
jj
jj 0.00128101
jj 0.00205808
jjj
k 0.00156468
ij 2.50107
jj
jj 10.0013
jj 10.0021
jj
k 0.00156468
-0.000827007 y
zz
-0.00627425 zzzz
zz
-0.00627746 zzzz
zz
0.000898983 {
2.99917 y
zz
2.99373 zzzz
zz
3.99372 zzzz
z
4.0009 {
xII Hs,tL = 0.625069 t s + 4.37518 s - 0.624681 t + 5.62649
yII Hs,tL = -0.000432299 t s - 0.00315592 s + 0.500431 t + 3.49688
0.625069 s - 0.624681
i 0.625069 t + 4.37518
J II = jj
k -0.000432299 t - 0.00315592 0.500431 - 0.000432299 s
yz
z
{
detJ II = 0.0000812872 s + 0.312534 t + 2.1875
Deformation gradient, F IIp = H1detJ L
0.000193195 s + 0.000242835 t + 0.00150665 y

ij 0.312535 t + 2.18759
zz
j
{
k -0.000216149 t - 0.00157796 0.0000811446 s + 0.312499 t + 2.18741
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 83.6695, 3.20963<

-0.985565 y
i 4.01429
zz
J II = jj
-0.00290633
0.50068
k
{
detJ II = 2.00701
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
152
B TL
0.0982206
0
0.0265121 0
-0.0257881 0
-0.0989446 0
jij
j
j
= jj 0
-0.982371 0
-0.0176953 0
0.263226 0
0
jj
0.263226 0.0265121 0.736841
k -0.982371 -0.0989446 -0.0176953 0.0982206
0.00062524 yz
i 1.00003
z;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000724021 0.999933 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.999968
-0.0000988481 y
i 1.00007
zz
k -0.0000988481 0.999867
{
-0.0000493558 y
i 0.0000344195
zz
k -0.0000493558 -0.0000667784 {
-0.388076 y
i 0.13288
zz
k -0.388076 -0.660676 {

-0.387573 y
i 0.133354
zz
k -0.387573 -0.661316 {
r Ti =
H 0.923461 1.72462 0.0499721 -0.0662984 -0.247441 -0.462111 -0.725992 -1.19621 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 82.53147, 3.78777<

-0.985565 y
i 4.73606
zz
J II = jj
-0.00340551
0.50068
k
{
detJ II = 2.3679
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL =
-0.022909 0
0.0221899 0
0.0835328 0
-0.0828137 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.832699 0
-0.167358 0
0.375468 0
0.624589 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
-0.0828137 {
k -0.832699 -0.022909 -0.167358 0.0221899 0.375468 0.0835328 0.624589
0.000648377 y
i 1.00005
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000719093 0.999943
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.999989
153
-0.0000707857 y
i 1.00009
zz
-0.0000707857
0.999886
k
{
-0.0000353223 y
i 0.0000461511
zz
k -0.0000353223 -0.0000570463 {
-0.277901 y
i 0.315896
zz
k -0.277901 -0.493639 {

-0.277355 y
i 0.316226
zz
k -0.277355 -0.494092 {
r Ti = H 0.66352 1.23551 0.158409 0.226277 -0.230738 -0.617312 -0.591191 -0.844478 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.30481, 3.20628<

-0.263797 y
i 4.01429
J II = jj
zz
k -0.00290633 0.500181 {
detJ II = 2.00711
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
0.0976999 0
0.0269026 0
-0.0261786 0
ij -0.0984239 0
j
-0.263157 0
-0.736862 0
0.802578 0
0.19
B TL = jjjj 0
jj
-0.
k -0.263157 -0.0984239 -0.736862 0.0976999 0.802578 0.0269026 0.197442
0.000736388 y
i 1.00003
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000724021 0.99998
{
Det@F IIp D = 1.00001
0.0000123265 y
i 1.00007
zz
k 0.0000123265 0.99996
{
i 0.0000344195
Green-Lagrange strain tensor, e = jjjj
-6
k 6.20301 10
6.20301 10-6 yz
zz
z
-0.0000200211 {
154
i 0.331193 0.0483926 yz
z
k 0.0483926 -0.096405 {

i 0.331101 0.048703
zyz
k 0.048703 -0.0963392 {
r Ti =
H -0.113732 0.0516994 -0.00828217 0.190085 0.119795 -0.190851 0.0022192 -0.050933 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.0002, 3.78384<

-0.263797 y
i 4.73606
zz
J II = jj
k -0.00340551 0.500181 {
detJ II = 2.36799
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
0.0217515 0
0.0838615 0
-0.0831424 0
ij -0.0224706 0
j
B TL = jjjj 0
-0.223099 0
-0.776918 0
0.832618 0
0.16
jj
-0.
k -0.223099 -0.0224706 -0.776918 0.0217515 0.832618 0.0838615 0.167399
0.000742587 y
i 1.00005
zz;
F IIp = jj
-0.000719093
0.999982
k
{
Det@F IIp D = 1.00003
0.0000234484 yz
i 1.00009
z
k 0.0000234484 0.999965
{
i 0.0000461511 0.0000117707 yz
z
k 0.0000117707 -0.0000174127 {
i 0.483992 0.0920555
k 0.0920555 -0.0153638

i 0.483817 0.0924134
k 0.0924134 -0.0152319
yz
z
{
yz
z
{
155
r Ti =
H -0.092981 0.00402289 -0.180533 0.0412579 0.34701 -0.0150136 -0.0734963 -0.0302672 L

r Ti = H 1.38027
3.01586
0.0195665 0.391321 -0.0113738 -1.28529 -1.38846 -2.12189 L
RTI = H 0.0325383 -2.56101 -0.139661 3.15257
0.409935 0.423378 -0.311005 -0.120975 0.0195665

ij 0.0325383 yz
z
jj
jj -2.56101 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.139661 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 3.15257
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.409935 zzz
z
jj
jj 0.423378 zzz
zz
jj
zz;
j
RI = jj
jj -0.311005 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.120975 zzz
z
jj
jj 0.0195665 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.391321 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.0113738 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -1.28529 {
ij 0. yz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
zz
j
RE = jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -1. {

0.409935 y
jij
z
jj 0.423378 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj -0.311005 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj -0.120975 zzz
j
zz
zz;
RI = jjj
jjj 0.0195665 zzz
jj
zz
jjj 0.391321 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj -0.0113738 zzz
jj
zz
k -1.28529 {
RE = 1.;
0. y
jij
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
j
zz
zz;
RE = jjj
jjj 0. zzz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
j
z
-1.
k
{
R = 0.83288
Iteration = 2
-0.409935 y
jij
z
jj -0.423378 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0.311005 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0.120975 zzz
j
zz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjj
jjj -0.0195665 zzz
jj
zz
jjj -0.391321 zzz
jj
zz
jjj 0.0113738 zzz
jj
zz
j
z
0.285288
k
{
156

0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
E = 10600.;
n = 0.35;
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
0 zzz jjj Du5 zzz jjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 { k Dv6 { k -1 {

g = 0.461538

1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
0
jij
jj 5
jj
j 2
jj 5
jj 2
jj
k0
5s
5
x0 Hs,tL = +
4
4
0y
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
3 zzz
zz
z
4{
ts
s
7t
7
y0 Hs,tL = - - + +
4
4
4
4
ij 54
J = jjj
j - t - 1
k 4
4
0
74
4s
yz
zz
zz
{
35
5s
detJ = -
16
16
157
0
jij
jj 5
jj
jjj 2.50107
jj
k 0.00156468
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
2.99917 zzz
zz
4.0009 {
0
0
xHs,tL = -0.000124791t s + 1.24988 s + 0.000657549 t + 1.25066

yHs,tL = -0.250431 t s - 0.250431 s + 1.75002 t + 1.75002
i -0.3125 s - 0.0000539974 t + 2.18745 0.000821937 - 0.000155989 s yz

z
Deformation gradient, F p = 1detJ jj
2.18752 - 0.313039 s
k -0.000750622 t - 0.000750622
{

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.

i 5
0
J = jjjj 4
k -0.105662 1.89434
i 0.8
J -T = jj
k0
0.0446224 y
zz
0.527889 {
zyz
zz
{
detJ = 2.36792
0.000385147 y
i 0.99999
zz;
k -0.000133978 1.00014
{
0
-0.000133978 0
ij 0.99999
yz
jj
zz
j
zz
0.000385147 0
1.00014
F = jj 0
zz
jj
z
1.00014
-0.000133978 {
k 0.000385147 0.99999
_
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.333066, 0.310755, 0.0892449, -0.0669336<
158
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.208166, -0.055778, 0.055778, 0.208166<
0.0000446237 0.310752
-0.0000416345 0.089244
-0.0000119
jij -0.333063
j
GT = jjjj -0.0000801746 -0.208196
-0.0000214827 -0.0557859
0.0000214827 0.0557859
jj
-0.333085
-0.0556578
0.310806
0.0558119
0.08925
k -0.208293
ij 0.47976
jj
jj 0.98558
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
0.98558 zzzz
z
1.66273 {
0.98558
1.66273
0.47976
0.98558
BT =
-0.333066
jij
jj -0.208166
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0.310755
-0.055778 0
-0.0669336 0
0.055778
0.208166
0.0892449 0
-0.333066 0
0.310755
-0.208166 0
-0.055778 0
ij 6089.42
jj
jj 2683.69
jj
jj
jj -5076.83
jj
jj
jj -246.243
k c = jjj
jj -1631.66
jj
jj
jjj -719.093
jj
jj 619.066
jj
j
k -1718.36
2683.69
3467.74
-1536.33
-617.289
-719.093
-929.178
-428.273
-1921.27
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-0.0669336 zzzz
z
0.208166 {
0.0892449 0
0.055778
-1718.36 y
zz
-1536.33 -617.289 -719.093 -929.178 -428.273 -1921.27 zzzz
zz
4898.54
-672.705 1360.33
411.658
-1182.04 1797.37 zzzz
zz
-672.705 1279.25
65.9805
165.402
852.967
-827.367 zzzz
zz
1360.33
65.9805
437.201
192.681
-165.878 460.432 zzz
zz
411.658
165.402
192.681
248.972
114.755
514.803 zzzz
zz
-1182.04 852.967
-165.878 114.755
728.857
-539.449 zzzz
z
1797.37
-827.367 460.432
514.803
-539.449 2233.84 {
-5076.83 -246.243 -1631.66 -719.093 619.066
ks =
ij 0.775317
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -0.224349
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -0.207745
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -0.343222
jj
j
k0
-0.224349 0
0.775317
0.0513134
-0.207745 0
-0.224349 0
0
0.0601142
0.112922
-0.224349 0
0.0513134
0.0601142
0.0556652
0.0919661
-0.207745 0
0.0601142
0.0556652
0.0919661
0.138334
0.112922
0.0919661
0.0601142
0.112922
-0.343222 0
yz
z
-0.343222 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
0.112922 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
0.0919661 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
0.138334 {
-0.343222 0
-0.207745 0
159
6090.2
jij
jj 2683.69
jj
jj
jj -5077.06
jj
jj
jj -246.243
j
k = jjj
jj -1631.86
jj
jj
jj -719.093
jj
jj
jj 618.723
jj
k -1718.36
2683.69
-5077.06 -246.243 -1631.86 -719.093 618.723
3468.51
-1536.33 -617.514 -719.093 -929.385 -428.273
-1536.33 4898.59
-672.705 1360.39
-617.514 -672.705 1279.31
65.9805
411.658
-1181.93
165.462
852.967
-719.093 1360.39
65.9805
437.256
192.681
-165.786
-929.385 411.658
165.462
192.681
249.028
114.755
-428.273 -1181.93 852.967

-1921.61 1797.37
ij 1.08099 yz
z
jj
jj 1.99626 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.27881 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.632081 zzz
zz
r i = jjj
z
jjj -0.289652 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -0.534897 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.512534 zzz
zz
jj
k -0.829284 {
-165.786 114.755
-827.254 460.432
514.895
728.995
-539.449
-1718.36 y
zz
-1921.61 zzzz
zz
1797.37 zzzz
zz
-827.254 zzzz
zz
460.432 zzz
zz
514.895 zzzz
zz
-539.449 zzzz
z
2233.97 {

i 5
0
J = jjjj 4
k -0.394338 1.89434
i 0.8
J -T = jj
k0
0.166533 y
zz
0.527889 {
yz
zz
z
{
detJ = 2.36792
0.000385147 y
i 0.999964
zz;
k -0.000500014 1.00014
{
0
-0.000500014 0
ij 0.999964
yz
_
j
zz
zz
F = jjjj 0
0.000385147 0
1.00014
zz
jj
z
1.00014
-0.000500014 {
k 0.000385147 0.999964
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.1502, 0.0669336, 0.333066, -0.2498<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.208166, -0.055778, 0.055778, 0.208166<
0.0000751022 0.0669312
-0.0000334678 0.333054
-0.0001665
ij -0.150195
j
GT = jjjj -0.0000801746 -0.208196
-0.0000214827 -0.0557859
0.0000214827 0.0557859
jj
-0.150117
-0.0557503
0.066971
0.0559043
0.333085
k -0.208217
160
0.16339
jij
jj -0.451146
j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
0.16339
-0.451146 zzzz
z
-0.451146 1.55222 {
-0.451146 0
1.55222
0
0
BT =
ij -0.1502
jj
jj -0.208166
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.2498 zzzz
z
0.208166 {
0.0669336
0.333066 0
-0.2498
-0.055778 0
0.055778 0
0.208166 0
-0.1502
0.333066 0
-0.055778 0
0.055778 0
0.0669336
-0.208166 0
1640.68
jij
jj 1211.43
jj
jj
jj -371.493
jj
jj
jj 65.635
j
k c = jjj
jj -2655.62
jj
jj
jj -1032.11
jj
jj
jj 1386.43
jj
k -244.953
ij 0.126499
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0.055903
jj
jj
jj 0
k s = jjj
jjj 0.0262311
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -0.208633
jj
j
k0
ij 1640.8
jj
jj 1211.43
jj
jj
jjj -371.437
jj
jj 65.635
j
k = jjj
jj -2655.59
jj
jj
jj -1032.11
jj
jj
jj 1386.22
jj
k -244.953
-244.953 y
zz
2442.61
-280.044 467.736
-1976.53 -1164.73 1045.14
-1745.62 zzzz
zz
-280.044 261.584
-144.599 1086.15
-115.008 -976.246 539.651 zzzz
zz
467.736
-144.599 208.771
-460.687 102.636
539.651
-779.144 zzzz
zz
-1976.53 1086.15
-460.687 5623.04
717.907
-4053.58 1719.31 zzz
zz
-1164.73 -115.008 102.636
717.907
1445.14
429.215
-383.044 zzzz
zz
1045.14
-976.246 539.651
-4053.58 429.215
3643.4
-2014. zzzz
z
-1745.62 539.651
-779.144 1719.31
-383.044 -2014.
2907.8
{
-371.493 65.635
1211.43
-2655.62 -1032.11 1386.43
0.055903
0.0262311
-0.208633
0.126499
0.055903
0.0262311
0.0264317
0.0163097
-0.0986443
0.055903
0.0264317
0.0163097
0.0163097
0.0183278
-0.0608686
0.0262311
0.0163097
0.0183278
-0.0986443 0
-0.208633 0
-0.0608686 0
-0.0986443 0
0.368146
-0.0608686 0
-244.953 y
zz
-1745.82 zzzz
zz
-280.044 261.611
-144.599 1086.17
-115.008 -976.344 539.651 zzzz
zz
467.792
-144.599 208.797
-460.687 102.653
539.651
-779.242 zzzz
zz
-1976.53 1086.17
-460.687 5623.06
717.907
-4053.64 1719.31 zzz
zz
-1164.7 -115.008 102.653
717.907
1445.16
429.215
-383.105 zzzz
zz
1045.14
-976.344 539.651
-4053.64 429.215
3643.77
-2014. zzzz
z
-1745.82 539.651
-779.242 1719.31
-383.105 -2014.
2908.17 {
1211.43
-371.437 65.635
-2655.59 -1032.11 1386.22
2442.74
-280.044 467.792
-1976.53 -1164.7
1045.14
161
-0.205037 y
z
jij
jj 0.756047 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.106716 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.34575
zz
j
z
r i = jjj
jj -0.0865179 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.188561 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.398271 zzz
zz
jj
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0
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0.622796 {
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{
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jij
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0.811486
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jj
jjj 0.225621
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jj
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jj
jj -0.0604549
jj
k0
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jj 692.533
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jj
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jj
jj 1622.41
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jj
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zz
65.0707 zzzz
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637.057 zzzz
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608.31
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65.0103
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jj
jj 0.358613 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 1.05083 zzz
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jjj
jj -1.70087 zzz
j
zzz
j
r i = jj
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jj
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jj
jjj 0.886506 zzz
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jj
jjj -0.281569 zzz
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jj
k 0.455746 {
yz
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zz
zz
z
-0.0789674 zzzz
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0.0658061 {
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0
0
637.057
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-31.6353 608.228
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65.0103 zzzz
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637.057 zzzz
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608.228 zzzz
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246.422 {
163

i 5
0
J = jjjj 4
k -0.394338 1.60566
0.196473 y
zz
0.622796 {
i 0.8
J -T = jj
k0
yz
zz
z
{
detJ = 2.00708
0.000364648 y
i 0.999958
zz;
k -0.000589909 0.999856
{
0
-0.000589909 0
ij 0.999958
yz
_
j
zz
zz
0.000364648 0
0.999856
F = jjjj 0
zz
jj
z
0.999856
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8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
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8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
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0.0000621114 0.00705278
-4.16068 10-6
jij -0.105285
jj
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0.00719694
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jj
jj -0.884595
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jjj
k0
0
0
0.0000895545 0.245556
0.245725
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-1.11928 -0.884595 zzzz
zz
-0.884595 -1.91756 {
-0.884595 0
-1.91756
BT =
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jij
jj -0.0658061
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
-0.000231
0.39293
0.392745
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-0.29471 zzzz
z
0.0658061 {
0.00705308 0
0.392947 0
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0.245592 0
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0.00705308 0
0.392947 0
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0.245592 0
-0.0658061 0
164
516.22
jij
jj 227.489
jj
jj
jj 128.108
jj
jj
jj 590.142
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jj
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jj
jj 1282.23
jj
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jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -0.132023
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jj
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jj
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jj
jj
jj -0.0939658
jj
j
k0
ij 516.138
jj
jj 227.489
jj
jj
jjj 127.976
jj
jj 590.142
j
k = jjj
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jj
jj
jj -849.002
jj
jj
jj 1282.14
jj
k 31.3705
227.489
128.108
590.142
-1926.56 -849.002 1282.23
31.3705
293.987
244.444
682.491
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120.697
244.444
596.419
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682.491
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3168.52
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4094.71
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120.697
723.551
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0.308706
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0.492715
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0.492715
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0.350685
0.308706
0.492715
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0.350685
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0.350685
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0.3
227.489
127.976
590.142
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31.3705
293.905
244.444
682.359
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120.603
244.444
596.136
-55.7166 -477.612 -912.278 -246.5
682.359
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723.551
1668.02
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3168.52
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3168.52
4093.56
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377.069
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1668.02
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120.603
723.551
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ij -0.44189 yz
z
jj
jj -0.549915 zzz
zz
jjj
jj -0.525642 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj -1.16538 zzz
zz
r i = jj
jjj 1.64916 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 2.05231 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -0.681624 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -0.33702 {
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
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yz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
165
12689.1
jij
jj 4815.15
jj
jj
jj -9199.41
jj
jj
jj 2031.94
j
k = jjj
jj -7816.11
jj
jj
jj -4480.43
jj
jj
jj 4326.43
jj
k -2366.66
rT = H 0
-2366.66 y
zz
7404.64
-1239.67 290.016
-4480.38 -4212.83 904.906
-3481.83 zzzz
zz
-1239.67 10056.9
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792.591
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290.016
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-4480.38 2699.59
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4928.44
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zz
zz
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-4548.42 4928.44
8471.33
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zz
zz
904.906
-3557.12 3697.69
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-3481.83 3697.63
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289.92
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6429.39 {
4815.15
0 0 0 0
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0 0 0L

12689.1
jij
jj 4815.15
jj
jj
jj -9199.41
jj
jj
jj 2031.94
jj
jj
jj -7816.11
jj
jj
jj -4480.43
jj
jj
jj 4326.43
jj
k -2366.66
-2366.66 y i Du1 y i 0. y
zz jj
zz jj zz
7404.64
-1239.67 290.016
-4480.38 -4212.83 904.906
zz jj
zz jj zz
-1239.67 10056.9
-3250.55 2699.59
792.591
zz jj
zz jj zz
290.016
-3250.55 7495.88
-2479.08 -4548.42 3697.69
zz jj
zz = jj zz
-4480.38 2699.59
-2479.08 14316.7
4928.44
-9200.21 2031.03 zzz jjj Du3 zzz jjj 0. zzz
zz jj
z j z
zz jj Dv zzz jjj 0. zzz
-4212.83 792.591
-4548.42 4928.44
8471.33
-1240.6 289.92
zz jj 3 zz jj zz
zz jj
zz jj zz
904.906
-3557.12 3697.69
-9200.21 -1240.6 8430.9
-3362. zzzz jjjj Du4 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zj
z j z
-3481.83 3697.63
-3237.48 2031.03
289.92
-3362.
6429.39 { k Dv4 { k 0. {
4815.15
-9199.41 2031.94
-7816.11 -4480.43 4326.43

1
jij zyz
jj 2 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 3 zz
jj zz
jj zz
jj 4 zz
j z
jjj 5 zzz
jj zz
jjj 6 zzz
jj zz
jjj 7 zzz
jj zz
j z
k8{
ij @1, 1D
jj
jj @2, 1D
jj
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jj @3, 1D
jj
jj
jj @4, 1D
jj @5, 1D
jj
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jjj @6, 1D
jj
jj @7, 1D
jj
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k @8, 1D
@1, 2D
@1, 3D
@1, 4D
@1, 5D
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@3, 3D
@3, 4D
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@5, 3D
@5, 4D
@5, 5D
@5, 6D
@2, 2D
@2, 3D
@4, 2D
@4, 3D
@3, 2D
@5, 2D
@6, 2D
@7, 2D
@8, 2D
@6, 3D
@7, 3D
@8, 3D
@2, 4D
@4, 4D
@6, 4D
@7, 4D
@8, 4D
@2, 5D
@4, 5D
@6, 5D
@7, 5D
@8, 5D
@2, 6D
@4, 6D
@6, 6D
@7, 6D
@8, 6D
@1, 7D
@1, 8D y
zz
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zz
@3, 7D @3, 8D zzzz
zz
@4, 7D @4, 8D zzzz
zz
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@2, 7D
166
12689.1
jij
jj 4815.15
jj
jj
jj -9199.41
jj
jj
jj 2031.94
jj
jj
jj -7816.11
jj
jj
jj -4480.43
jj
jj
jj 4326.43
jj
jj
jj -2366.66
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
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k0
4815.15
-9199.41 2031.94
-7816.11 -4480.43 4326.43
-2366.66 0
7404.64
-1239.67 290.016
-4480.38 -4212.83 904.906
-3481.83 0
-1239.67 10056.9
290.016
-3250.55 2699.59
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792.591
-3557.12 3697.63
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-4480.38 2699.59
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4928.44
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-4548.42 4928.44
8471.33
-1240.6
8430.9
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289.92
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6429.39
904.906
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289.92
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ij Du1 yz ij 0 yz
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k Dv6 { k -1 {
E = 10600.;
-3237.48 0
n = 0.35;

g = 0.461538

1
1
1
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4
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t-1 1-t t+1 1

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ij 2.50107
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jj 10.0013
jj 10.0021
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k 0.00156468
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2.99373 zzzz
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3.99372 zzzz
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4.0009 {
xHs,tL = 0.625069 t s + 4.37518 s - 0.624681 t + 5.62649

yHs,tL = -0.000432299 t s - 0.00315592 s + 0.500431 t + 3.49688
Deformation gradient, F p = 1det
0.000193195 s + 0.000242835 t + 0.00150665 y

i 0.312535 t + 2.18759
zz
J jj
k -0.000216149 t - 0.00157796 0.0000811446 s + 0.312499 t + 2.18741
{

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
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168
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k0
-0.985844 y
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zz
12
{
detJ = 2.00708
i 0.249118 0 yz
z
J -T = jj
k 0.491184 2. {
0.00062524 y
i 1.00003
zz;
k -0.000724021 0.999933 {
0
-0.000724021 0
ij 1.00003
yz
jj
zz
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zz
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0.00062524
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0.999933
F = jj
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jj
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0.999933
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k 0.00062524 1.00003
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8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0982367, 0.0982367, 0.0263225, -0.0263225<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.982367, -0.0176327, 0.263225, 0.736775<
0.0000711255 0.0982401
-0.0000711255 0.0263234
-0.000019058
ij -0.0982401
jj
j
G = jj -0.000614215 -0.982302
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0.000164578 0.263207
jj
-0.982462
-0.0975189
-0.0175719
0.0982429
0.26325
0.0261301
k
T
ij 0.133354
jj
jj -0.387573
S = jjjj
jj 0
jjj
k0
0
0
-0.0982367
jij
jj -0.982367
j
B T = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij 9923.53
jj
jj 3191.3
jj
jj
jj -243.577
jj
jj
jj -910.168
k c = jjj
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12
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0.483817 0.0924134 zzzz
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0.0924134 -0.0152319 {
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0
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603.791
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j
k0
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jj
jjj 1989.48
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8409.73
2704.6
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2704.6
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1268.5
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1491.37 {
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8722.2
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zzz
jjj
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jj
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2704.6
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1268.46
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1491.37 {
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175
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jj
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jj
jj
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jj
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4974.76
4839.02
81769.1
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24561.4
809.59
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0 0 0L
-18670.9

19704.
jij
jj 4974.76
jj
jj
jj 4839.02
jj
jj
jj 809.59
jj
jj
jj -10834.1
jj
jj
jj -4506.49
jj
jj
jj -13708.9
jj
k -1277.87
4974.76
4839.02
81769.1
-2462.02 24561.4
-2462.02 13557.9
24561.4
809.59
-3219.08
-3219.08 55192.
-4506.49 -13708.8 -1277.77

-45243.6 1993.82
1993.74
-61082.5
-4688.06 3687.27
-61086.8 3687.28
-18670.9
-10834.1 -4506.49 -13708.9 -1277.87 y

zz
-4506.49 -45243.6 1993.74
-61086.8 zzzz
zz
-13708.8 1993.82
-4688.06 3687.28 zzzz
zz
-1277.77 -61082.5 3687.27
-18670.9 zzzz
zz
17486.5
4857.47
7056.5
926.788 zzz
zz
4857.47
72633.
-2344.81 33693.2 zzzz
zz
7056.5
-2344.81 11340.4
-3336.2 zzzz
z
926.788
33693.2
-3336.2 46064.5 {
-10834.1 -4506.49 -13708.9 -1277.87 y i Du3 y i 0. y

zz jj
zz jj zz
-4506.49 -45243.6 1993.74
zz jj
zz jj zz
-13708.8 1993.82
zz jj
zz jj zz
-1277.77 -61082.5 3687.27
zz jj
zz = jj zz
17486.5
4857.47
7056.5
zz jj
zz jj zz
4857.47
72633.
zz jj
zz jj zz
7056.5
-2344.81 11340.4
zj
z j z
926.788
33693.2
-3336.2 46064.5 { k Dv4 { k 0. {
5
jij
jj 6
jj
jj
jj 9
jj
jj
jj 10
j
jjj 11
jj
jjj 12
jj
jjj 7
jj
j
k8
ij @5, 5D
jj
jj @6, 5D
jj
jj
jj @9, 5D
jj
jj
jj @10, 5D
jj @11, 5D
jj
jj
jjj @12, 5D
jj
jj @7, 5D
jj
j
k @8, 5D
@5, 6D
@6, 6D
@9, 6D
@5, 9D
@5, 10D
@9, 9D
@9, 10D
@6, 9D
@6, 10D
@10, 6D @10, 9D @10, 10D
@11, 6D @11, 9D @11, 10D
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
@5, 11D
@5, 12D
@9, 11D
@9, 12D
@6, 11D
@10, 11D
@11, 12D
@7, 11D
@7, 12D
@12, 11D
@8, 6D
@8, 11D
@7, 9D
@8, 9D
@7, 10D
@8, 10D
@10, 12D
@11, 11D
@12, 6D @12, 9D @12, 10D

@7, 6D
@6, 12D
@12, 12D
@8, 12D
@5, 7D
@5, 8D y
zz
@6, 8D zzzz
zz
@9, 7D @9, 8D zzzz
zz
@10, 7D @10, 8D zzzz
zz
@11, 7D @11, 8D zzz
zz
@12, 7D @12, 8D zzzz
zz
@7, 7D @7, 8D zzzz
z
@8, 7D @8, 8D {
@6, 7D
176
12689.1
jij
jj 4815.15
jj
jj
jj -9199.41
jj
jj
jj 2031.94
jj
jj
jj -7816.11
jj
jj
jj -4480.43
jj
jj
jj 4326.43
jj
jj
jj -2366.66
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
4815.15
-9199.41 2031.94
-7816.11 -4480.43 4326.43
-2366.66 0
7404.64
-1239.67 290.016
-4480.38 -4212.83 904.906
-3481.83 0
-1239.67 10056.9
290.016
-3250.55 2699.59
-3250.55 7495.88
792.591
-3557.12 3697.63
-2479.08 -4548.42 3697.69
0
0
-3237.48 0
-4480.38 2699.59
-2479.08 34020.7
9903.2
-22909.1 753.157
-4212.83 792.591
-4548.42 9903.2
90240.4
753.144
-60796.9 -2462.02 2456
-22909.1 753.144
19771.3
-6698.19 -4688.06 3687
904.906
-3557.12 3697.69
-3481.83 3697.63
-3237.48 753.157
-10834.1 -4506.49 7056.5
-4506.49 -45243.6 -2344.81 33693.2
4839.02
809.
-60796.9 -6698.19 52493.9
3687.28
-18
4839.02
-2462.02 -4688.06 3687.28
13557.9
-32
809.59
24561.4
3687.27
-18670.9 -3219.08 5519

926.788
-13708.8 -12
1993.82
-61

ij 12689.1
jj
jj 4815.15
jj
jj
jjj -9199.41
jj
jj 2031.94
jj
jj
jj -7816.11
jj
jj
jj -4480.43
K T = jjjj
jj 4326.43
jj
jj
jj -2366.66
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
ij 0. yz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
j
zz;
RE = jjjj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -1. {
4815.15
-9199.41 2031.94
-7816.11 -4480.43 4326.43
-2366.66 0
7404.64
-1239.67 290.016
-4480.38 -4212.83 904.906
-3481.83 0
-1239.67 10056.9
290.016
-3250.55 2699.59
-3250.55 7495.88
792.591
-3557.12 3697.63
-2479.08 -4548.42 3697.69
-3237.48 0
-4480.38 2699.59
-2479.08 34020.7
9903.2
-22909.1 753.157
-4212.83 792.591
-4548.42 9903.2
90240.4
753.144
-60796.9 -
-22909.1 753.144
19771.3
-6698.19 -
904.906
-3557.12 3697.69
-3481.83 3697.63
-3237.48 753.157
-10834.1 -4506.49 7056.5
926.788
-4506.49 -45243.6 -2344.81 33693.2
ij 0.0325383 yz
z
jj
jj -2.56101 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.139661 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 3.15257
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.409935 zzz
z
jj
jj 0.423378 zzz
zz
j
zz;
RI = jjjj
jj -0.311005 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.120975 zzz
z
jj
jj 0.0195665 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.391321 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.0113738 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -1.28529 {
-60796.9 -6698.19 52493.9
4839.02
-2462.02 -4688.06 3687.28
809.59
24561.4
3687.27
ij -0.0325383 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 2.56101
zz
jjj
jj 0.139661 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj -3.15257 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -0.409935 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -0.423378 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjjj
z
jj 0.311005 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.120975 zzz
zz
jjj
jj -0.0195665 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.391321 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 0.0113738 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k 0.285288 {
-18670.9 -
177
System of equations
12689.1
jij
jj 4815.15
jj
jj
jj -9199.41
jj
jj
jj 2031.94
jj
jj
jj -7816.11
jj
jj
jj -4480.43
jj
jj
jj 4326.43
jj
jj
jj -2366.66
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
4815.15
-9199.41 2031.94
-7816.11 -4480.43 4326.43
-2366.66 0
7404.64
-1239.67 290.016
-4480.38 -4212.83 904.906
-3481.83 0
-1239.67 10056.9
290.016
-3250.55 2699.59
-3250.55 7495.88
792.591
-3557.12 3697.63
-2479.08 -4548.42 3697.69
-3237.48 0
-4480.38 2699.59
-2479.08 34020.7
9903.2
-22909.1 753.157
-4212.83 792.591
-4548.42 9903.2
90240.4
753.144
-60796.9 -2462.
-22909.1 753.144
19771.3
-6698.19 -4688.
904.906
-3557.12 3697.69
4839.02
-3481.83 3697.63
-3237.48 753.157
-60796.9 -6698.19 52493.9
3687.28
4839.02
-2462.02 -4688.06 3687.28
13557.9
809.59
24561.4
-10834.1 -4506.49 7056.5
926.788
-13708
-4506.49 -45243.6 -2344.81 33693.2
1993.82

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du2
Dv2
0
0

3687.27
-18670.9 -3219.
178
34020.7
jij
jj 9903.2
jj
jj
jj -22909.1
jj
jj
jj 753.157
jj
jj
jj 4839.02
jj
jj
jj 809.59
jj
jj
jj -10834.1
jj
k -4506.49
9903.2
-22909.1 753.157
4839.02
809.59
90240.4
753.144
-60796.9 -2462.02 24561.4
753.144
19771.3
-6698.19 -4688.06 3687.27
-60796.9 -6698.19 52493.9
3687.28
-18670.9
-2462.02 -4688.06 3687.28
13557.9
-3219.08
24561.4
3687.27
-4506.49 7056.5
-18670.9 -3219.08 55192.

926.788
-45243.6 -2344.81 33693.2
-13708.8 -1277.77
1993.82
-61082.5
-10834.1 -4506.49 y
zz
-4506.49 -45243.6 zzzz
zz
7056.5
-2344.81 zzzz
zz
926.788
33693.2 zzzz
zz
-13708.8 1993.82 zzz
zz
-1277.77 -61082.5 zzzz
zz
17486.5
4857.47 zzzz
z
4857.47
72633.
{
Du
-0.409935 y
jij 3 zyz jij
z
jj Dv zz jj -0.423378 zzz
jj 3 zz jj
zz
z j
jj
z
jj Du zzz jjj 0.311005 zzz
jj 4 zz jj
zz
z j
jj
z
jj Dv4 zzz jjj 0.120975 zzz
zz jj
jj
zz
zz = jj
jj
z
jj Du5 zz jj -0.0195665 zzz
zz jj
jj
zz
z j
jj
z
zz jj
jj
zz
jj 6 zz jj
zz
j
z j
z
Dv
0.285288
k 6{ k
{
8Du3 = 0.000182584, Dv3 = -0.00016137, Du4 = 0.000296708, Dv4 = 0.000163753,

Du5 = 0.000189277, Dv5 = -0.00118062, Du6 = 0.00033142, Dv6 = -0.00117187<

Du
Dv
0.000182584
-0.00016137
0.000296708
0.000163753
0.000189277
-0.00118062
0.00033142
-0.00117187
179
Du
Dv
0.0012481
-0.000988377
0.00186139
0.00106274
0.00147029
-0.00745487
0.0023895
-0.00744933
Total nodal values

u
0.0012481
-0.000988377
0.00186139
0.00106274
0.00147029
-0.00745487
0.0023895
-0.00744933

0
jij
jj 5
jj
j 2
jj 5
jj 2
jj
k0
5s
5
x0 Hs,tL = +
4
4
0y
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
3 zzz
zz
z
4{
ts
s
7t
7
y0 Hs,tL = - - + +
4
4
4
4
ij 54
J = jjjj
t
1
k - 4 - 4
yz
zz
z
7
s z
4 - 4 {
35
5s
detJ = -
16
16
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj 0.0012481
jj
k 0.00186139
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.000988377 zzzz
zz
0.00106274
{
180
0
jij
jj 5
jj
jj 2.50125
jj
j
k 0.00186139
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
2.99901 zzz
zz
4.00106 {
0
0
xII Hs,tL = -0.000153322 t s + 1.24985 s + 0.000777372 t + 1.25078

yII Hs,tL = -0.250513 t s - 0.250513 s + 1.75002 t + 1.75002
i 1.24985 - 0.000153322 t 0.000777372 - 0.000153322 s yz

J II = jj
z
k -0.250513 t - 0.250513 1.75002 - 0.250513 s
{
detJ II = -0.313141 s - 0.0000735751t + 2.18745
i -0.3125 s - 0.0000739709 t + 2.18743 0.000971716 - 0.000191653 s

2.18752 - 0.313141 s
k -0.000892714 t - 0.000892714
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 80.528678, 0.800774<

0.000865893 y
i 1.24994
zz
J II = jj
{
k -0.105879 1.89465
yz
z
{
detJ II = 2.36828
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL
0.31075
0
0.0892549 0
-0.0669014 0
-0.333104 0
jij
j
j
-0.20798 0
-0.0559108 0
0.055728 0
0.20
= jj 0
jj
-0.20798
-0.333104
-0.0559108
0.31075
0.055728
0.0892549
0.208162
-0.
k
0.000457095 y
i 0.999987
zz;
F IIp = jj
{
k -0.00015934 1.00017
Det@F IIp D = 1.00015
0.000297833 y
i 0.999974
zz
0.000297833
1.00033
k
{
i -0.0000131903 0.000148861 yz
z
0.000166215 {
k 0.000148861
i 0.543784 1.16919 yz
z
k 1.16919 1.9509 {
-0.117206 L
181
i 0.542768 1.16829 yz
z
k 1.16829 1.95077 {
r Ti = H -1.25599 -2.35391 0.3067 0.752606 0.336541 0.630728 0.612747 0.970575 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 80.529678, 2.98853<

0.000865893 yz
i 1.24976
J II = jj
z
-0.395146
1.89465
k
{
detJ II = 2.3682
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL =
-0.150331 0
0.0669038
0
0.333116 0
-0.249688 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.208063 0
-0.0557994 0
0.0556165 0
0.208246 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
0.0556165 0.333116 0.208246
-0.249688 {
k -0.208063 -0.150331 -0.0557994 0.0669038
0.000457095 y
i 0.999951
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000594666 1.00017
{
Det@F IIp D = 1.00012
-0.000137466 y
i 0.999902
zz
-0.000137466
1.00033
{
k
i -0.0000490964 -0.000068846 yz
z
k -0.000068846 0.000166215 {
i 0.108928 -0.53965 yz
z
k -0.53965 1.80056 {
-0.0485642 L
-0.540374 y
i 0.109438
zz
k -0.540374 1.79942 {
r Ti = H 0.283888 -0.868791 0.110706 -0.40427 0.0185657 -0.235695 -0.41316 1.50876 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 81.97198, 0.678516<
182
0.000688852 yz
i 1.24994
J II = jj
z
k -0.105879 1.60538
{
detJ II = 2.0067
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
-0.32105
0
0.294669
0
0.105338 0
-0.0789562 0
jij
jj 0
-0.0656797 0
-0.245761 0
0.245589 0
0.0658514
jj
jj
-0.0656797
-0.32105
-0.245761
0.294669
0.245589
0.105338
0.0658514
-0.0789562
k
0.000429014 y
i 0.999984
zz;
F IIp = jj
{
k -0.000187987 0.999827
Det@F IIp D = 0.999812
0.000240955 y
i 0.999969
zz
{
k 0.000240955 0.999654
i -0.000015559 0.000120526
-0.000172696
k 0.000120526
i -0.917838 0.946055 yz
z
-2.15293 {
k 0.946055
yz
z
{
i -0.918599 0.946902 yz
z
-2.15313 {
k 0.946902
r Ti = H 0.583345 -0.407219 -1.26174 2.02667
0.340316 -1.0764 0.338083 -0.543044 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 81.97277, 2.53225<

0.000688852 yz
i 1.24976
J II = jj
z
k -0.395146 1.60538
{
detJ II = 2.00662
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
183

B TL =
0.00688115 0
0.393142 0
-0.294681 0
ij -0.105342 0
yz
jj
zz
jj 0
zz
-0.0657723
0
-0.245637
0
0.245466
0
0.0659439
jj
zz
j
z
k -0.0657723 -0.105342 -0.245637 0.00688115 0.245466 0.393142 0.0659439 -0.294681 {
0.000429014 y
i 0.999942
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000701579 0.999827
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.999769
-0.000272598 y
i 0.999884
zz
k -0.000272598 0.999655
{
i -0.0000578855 -0.000136234 yz
z
k -0.000136234 -0.000172696 {
i -1.43105 -1.07031 yz
z
k -1.07031 -2.3302 {
i -1.43014 -1.07045 yz
z
k -1.07045 -2.33225 {
r Ti = H 0.554764 0.667311 0.634825 1.41739
-2.07041 -2.49044 0.880817 0.405735 L
r Ti = H 0.16601 -2.96261 -0.209513 3.79239
-1.37498 -3.17181 1.41849
RTI = H 0.16601 -2.96261 -0.209513 3.79239

ij 52
jj
jj
j 10
jj 10
jj
j
k0
3 yz
zz
z
3 zzzz
zz
4 zzz
zz
4{
-1.37498 -3.17181 1.41849
2.34202 L
2.34202 0 0 0 0 L
184
5ts
35 s
5t
45
x0 Hs,tL = + - +
8
8
8
8
t
7
y0 Hs,tL = +
2
2
5t
35
ij
+
8
8
j
j
J = jj
k0
5s
- 58 yz
8
zz
zz
12
{
5t
35
detJ = +
16
16
ij 0.0012481
jj
jj 0.00147029
jj 0.0023895
jjj
k 0.00186139
ij 2.50125
jj
jj 10.0015
jj 10.0024
jj
k 0.00186139
-0.000988377 y
zz
-0.00745487 zzzz
zz
-0.00744933 zzzz
zz
0.00106274
{
2.99901 y
zz
2.99255 zzzz
zz
3.99255 zzzz
z
4.00106 {
xII Hs,tL = 0.625076 t s + 4.37519 s - 0.624617 t + 5.62674
yII Hs,tL = -0.000511394 t s - 0.00374464 s + 0.500514 t + 3.49629
0.625076 s - 0.624617
i 0.625076 t + 4.37519
J II = jj
k -0.000511394 t - 0.00374464 0.500514 - 0.000511394 s
yz
z
{
detJ II = 0.000103241s + 0.31254 t + 2.1875
0.000217372 s + 0.000287254 t + 0.00179341 y

ij 0.312538 t + 2.18759
zz
j
{
k -0.000255697 t - 0.00187232 0.000103051s + 0.312502 t + 2.18741
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 83.66971, 3.20931<

-0.985505 y
i 4.0143
zz
J II = jj
-0.00344939
0.500809
k
{
detJ II = 2.007
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
185
B TL
0.098218
0
0.0265477 0
-0.0256884 0
-0.0990773 0
jij
j
j
= jj 0
-0.982367 0
-0.0177075 0
0.263225 0
0
jj
0.263225 0.0265477 0.73685
k -0.982367 -0.0990773 -0.0177075 0.098218
0.000748383 zy
i 1.00004
z;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000859306 0.999925
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.999961
-0.00011101 y
i 1.00007
zz
k -0.00011101 0.99985
{
-0.0000554155 y
i 0.0000360978
zz
k -0.0000554155 -0.000075168 {
-0.435824 y
i 0.117495
zz
k -0.435824 -0.754763 {

-0.435167 y
i 0.118136
zz
k -0.435167 -0.755611 {
r Ti =
H 1.04491 1.96849
0.0483133 -0.0738611 -0.279983 -0.527456 -0.813242 -1.36718 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 82.53175, 3.7876<

-0.985505 y
i 4.73608
zz
J II = jj
-0.00403989
0.500809
k
{
detJ II = 2.36789
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
0.0221674 0
0.0835828 0
-0.0827297 0
ij -0.0230204 0
j
-0.832701 0
-0.167362 0
0.37546
0
0.62
B TL = jjjj 0
jj
0.0835828 0.624603
-0.
k -0.832701 -0.0230204 -0.167362 0.0221674 0.37546
0.000774416 y
i 1.00005
zz;
F IIp = jj
-0.000853046
0.999937
{
k
Det@F IIp D = 0.999986
186
-0.0000787213 yz
i 1.0001
z
k -0.0000787213 0.999875
{
-0.0000392695 y
i 0.0000492962
zz
k -0.0000392695 -0.0000628075 {
-0.309056 y
i 0.329401
zz
k -0.309056 -0.549821 {

-0.308351 y
i 0.329845
zz
k -0.308351 -0.550414 {
r Ti = H 0.739284 1.3762 0.17471 0.252088 -0.261966 -0.687484 -0.652028 -0.940805 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.30502, 3.20533<

-0.263729 y
i 4.0143
zz
J II = jj
k -0.00344939 0.500219 {
detJ II = 2.00712
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
0.0976
0
0.0270111 0
-0.0261519 0
ij -0.0984593 0
j
B TL = jjjj 0
-0.263143 0
-0.736873 0
0.802571 0
0.19
jj
0.802571 0.0270111 0.197444
-0.
k -0.263143 -0.0984593 -0.736873 0.0976
0.00087344 y
i 1.00004
zz;
F IIp = jj
-0.000859306
0.999984 {
k
Det@F IIp D = 1.00002
0.0000140894 y
i 1.00007
zz
k 0.0000140894 0.999968
{
i 0.0000360978
-6
k 7.08968 10
i 0.369411 0.0553136
k 0.0553136 -0.0381346
yz
z
{
7.08968 10-6 zy
zz
z
-0.0000157826 {
187

i 0.369291 0.0556636 yz
z
k 0.0556636 -0.0380408 {
r Ti =
H -0.12777 0.0115125 -0.011803 0.0840445 0.136411 -0.0730373 0.00316262 -0.0225197 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.00049, 3.78293<

-0.263729 y
i 4.73608
zz
J II = jj
k -0.00403989 0.500219 {
detJ II = 2.36801
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL
0.0216474 0
0.0839727 0
-0.0831197 0
ij -0.0225004 0
jj
j
-0.223095 0
-0.776917 0
0.832603 0
0.16
= jj 0
jj
-0.
k -0.223095 -0.0225004 -0.776917 0.0216474 0.832603 0.0839727 0.167409
0.000880415 y
i 1.00005
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000853046 0.999987
{
Det@F IIp D = 1.00004
0.000027316 y
i 1.0001
zz
{
k 0.000027316 0.999975
i 0.0000492962 0.0000137115 yz
z
k 0.0000137115 -0.0000124696 {
i 0.542931 0.107239 yz
z
k 0.107239 0.0575902 {
0.0349512 L
i 0.542697 0.107649 yz
z
k 0.107649 0.0577759 {
r Ti =
H -0.106975 -0.0451719 -0.211822 -0.125565 0.399234 0.168584 -0.0804381 0.00215335 L
188
r Ti =
H 1.54945
3.31103
-0.00060097 0.136706 -0.00630497 -1.11939 -1.54255 -2.32835 L
RTI = H 0.16601 -2.96261 -0.209513 3.79239
0.174468 0.139225 -0.124059 0.0136769 -0.00060097

yz
ij 0.16601
zz
jj
zz
jj -2.96261
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.209513 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 3.79239
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj 0.174468
zz
jj
zz
zz
jjj 0.139225
zz;
j
RI = jj
jj -0.124059 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.0136769 zzz
z
jj
jj -0.00060097 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 0.136706
zz
jjj
jj -0.00630497 zzz
zzz
jjj
{
k -1.11939
ij 0. yz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj 0. zzz
zz
jj
jjj 0. zzz
zz
j
RE = jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -1. {

0.174468
jij
zyz
jj 0.139225
zz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj -0.124059 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0.0136769 zzz
jj
zz
zz;
RI = jj
jjj -0.00060097 zzz
jj
zz
jjj 0.136706
zzz
jj
zz
jjj -0.00630497 zzz
jj
zz
j
z
k -1.11939
{
RE = 1.;
0. y
jij
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
zz;
RE = jj
jjj 0. zzz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
j
z
k -1. {
R = 0.313662
Iteration = 3
-0.174468 y
jij
z
jj -0.139225 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0.124059 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj -0.0136769 zzz
jj
zz
zz
R = RE - RI = jj
jjj 0.00060097 zzz
jj
zz
jjj -0.136706 zzz
jj
zz
jjj 0.00630497 zzz
jj
zz
j
z
k 0.119394 {
189
0
jij
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
E = 10600.;
n = 0.35;
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj
zzz jjj
0 zzz jjj Du5 zzz jjj 0 zzzz
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 { k Dv6 { k -1 {

g = 0.461538

1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
ij 0
jj
jj 5
jj 2
jj 5
jj 2
jj
k0
5s
5
x0 Hs,tL = +
4
4
0y
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
3 zzz
zz
z
4{
ts
s
7t
7
y0 Hs,tL = - - + +
4
4
4
4
5
ji 4
J = jjj
j - t - 1
k 4
4
0
74
4s
zyz
zz
z
{
35
5s
detJ = -
16
16
190
0
jij
jj 5
jj
jj 2.50125
jj
j
k 0.00186139
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
2.99901 zzz
zz
4.00106 {
0
0
xHs,tL = -0.000153322 t s + 1.24985 s + 0.000777372 t + 1.25078

yHs,tL = -0.250513 t s - 0.250513 s + 1.75002 t + 1.75002
i -0.3125 s - 0.0000739709 t + 2.18743 0.000971716 - 0.000191653 s

2.18752 - 0.313141 s
k -0.000892714 t - 0.000892714

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.

i 5
0
J = jjjj 4
k -0.105662 1.89434
i 0.8
J -T = jj
k0
0.0446224 y
zz
0.527889 {
yz
zz
z
{
detJ = 2.36792
0.000457095 y
i 0.999987
zz;
k -0.00015934 1.00017
{
0
-0.00015934 0
ij 0.999987
yz
_
j
zz
zz
F = jjjj 0
0.000457095 0
1.00017
zz
jj
z
1.00017
-0.00015934 {
k 0.000457095 0.999987
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.333066, 0.310755, 0.0892449, -0.0669336<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.208166, -0.055778, 0.055778, 0.208166<
yz
z
{
191
0.0000530709 0.310751
-0.0000495158 0.0892437
-0.00001422
-0.333062
jij
j
j
G = jj -0.000095152 -0.208201
-0.0000254959 -0.0557873
0.0000254959 0.0557873
jj
-0.333089
-0.0556353
0.310816
0.0558181
0.0892508
k -0.208316
T
0.542768
jij
jj 1.16829
j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
0.542768 1.16829 zzzz
z
1.16829 1.95077 {
1.16829
1.95077
0
0
B =
ij -0.333066
jj
jj -0.208166
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0.310755
-0.055778 0
-0.0669336 0
0.208166
0.0892449 0
-0.333066 0
0.310755
-0.208166 0
-0.055778 0
6089.42
jij
jj 2683.35
jj
jj
jj -5076.84
jj
jj
jj -245.92
j
k c = jjj
jjj -1631.66
jj
jj -719.002
jj
jj
jj 619.075
jj
j
k -1718.43
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.0669336 zzzz
z
0.208166 {
0.0892449 0
0.055778
0.055778
-1718.43 y
zz
3467.12
-1536.
-617.152 -719.002 -929.013 -428.35 -1920.96 zzzz
zz
-1536.
4898.51
-672.952 1360.34
411.57
-1182.
1797.38 zzzz
zz
-617.152 -672.952 1279.34
65.8941
165.365
852.978
-827.555 zzzz
zz
-719.002 1360.34
65.8941
437.201
192.656
-165.881 460.452 zzz
zz
-929.013 411.57
165.365
192.656
248.928
114.776
514.719 zzzz
zz
-428.35 -1182.
852.978
-165.881 114.776
728.807
-539.404 zzzz
z
-1920.96 1797.38
-827.555 460.452
514.719
-539.404 2233.79 {
2683.35
-5076.84 -245.92
-1631.66 -719.002 619.075
ks =
ij 0.907939
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -0.25869
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -0.243282
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -0.405968
jj
k0
-0.25869
0
-0.25869
0.907939
0.0532282 0
-0.25869
0.0693156 0
-0.243282 0
0
0.136146
-0.405968 0
-0.243282 0
0
-0.243282 0
0.0693156
0.136146
0.0693156
0.0532282 0
0.0651871
0.0693156 0
yz
z
-0.405968 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
0.136146 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
0.108779 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
0.161044 {
-0.405968 0
0.108779
0.0651871
0.108779
0.161044
0.136146
0.108779
192
6090.33
jij
jj 2683.35
jj
jj
jj -5077.1
jj
jj
jj -245.92
j
k = jjj
jj -1631.9
jj
jj
jj -719.002
jj
jj
jj 618.669
jj
k -1718.43
-1718.43 y
zz
3468.03
-1536.
-617.411 -719.002 -929.256 -428.35 -1921.36 zzzz
zz
-1536.
4898.56
-672.952 1360.41
411.57
-1181.86 1797.38 zzzz
zz
-617.411 -672.952 1279.4
65.8941
165.435
852.978
-827.419 zzzz
zz
-719.002 1360.41
65.8941
437.266
192.656
-165.772 460.452 zzz
zz
-929.256 411.57
165.435
192.656
248.993
114.776
514.828 zzzz
zz
-428.35 -1181.86 852.978
-165.772 114.776
728.968
-539.404 zzzz
z
-1921.36 1797.38
-827.419 460.452
514.828
-539.404 2233.96 {
-5077.1
2683.35
-245.92
-1631.9
-719.002 618.669
ij 1.25599 yz
z
jj
jj 2.35391 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.3067 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.752606 zzz
zz
r i = jjj
z
jjj -0.336541 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -0.630728 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.612747 zzz
zz
jj
k -0.970575 {

i 5
0
J = jjjj 4
k -0.394338 1.89434
i 0.8
J -T = jj
k0
0.166533 y
zz
0.527889 {
yz
zz
z
{
detJ = 2.36792
0.000457095 y
i 0.999951
zz;
k -0.000594666 1.00017
{
0
-0.000594666 0
ij 0.999951
yz
_
j
zz
zz
F = jjjj 0
0.000457095 0
1.00017
zz
jj
z
1.00017
-0.000594666 {
k 0.000457095 0.999951
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.1502, 0.0669336, 0.333066, -0.2498<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.208166, -0.055778, 0.055778, 0.208166<
0.000089319 0.0669303
-0.0000398032 0.33305
-0.000198063
ij -0.150193
j
GT = jjjj -0.000095152 -0.208201
-0.0000254959 -0.0557873
0.0000254959 0.0557873
jj
-0.150101
-0.0557447
0.0669779
0.0559275
0.333089
k -0.208225
193
0.109438
jij
jj -0.540374
j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
zyz
zz
zz
zz
0.109438
-0.540374 zzzz
z
-0.540374 1.79942 {
-0.540374 0
1.79942
0
0
BT =
ij -0.1502
jj
jj -0.208166
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.2498 zzzz
z
0.208166 {
0.0669336
0.333066 0
-0.2498
-0.055778 0
0.055778 0
0.208166 0
-0.1502
0.333066 0
-0.055778 0
0.055778 0
0.0669336
-0.208166 0
1640.92
jij
jj 1211.51
jj
jj
jj -371.534
jj
jj
jj 65.7069
j
k c = jjj
jj -2655.96
jj
jj
jj -1031.99
jj
jj
jj 1386.58
jj
k -245.221
ij 0.138086
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0.0674712
jj
jj
jj 0
k s = jjj
jjj 0.0462485
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -0.251806
jj
j
k0
ij 1641.05
jj
jj 1211.51
jj
jj
jjj -371.466
jj
jj 65.7069
j
k = jjj
jj -2655.92
jj
jj
jj -1031.99
jj
jj
jj 1386.33
jj
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zz
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467.716
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jij
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{
k

i 5
0
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0.0526449 y
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0.622796 {
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{
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0
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jj
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0.999827
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0.294705
0.245633
0.105225
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0.946902
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0.946902
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0
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BT =
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0.29471
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0.245592 0
0.0658061
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0.29471
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jj 1039.42
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0
0.10529
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332.508
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1408.13
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jj 0
jj
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jj
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k s = jjj
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ij 4442.05
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0.10529
65.1072
637.119
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65.1072 zzzz
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637.119 zzzz
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246.516 {
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65.0343
ij -0.583345 yz
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637.119
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k -0.000701579 0.999827
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9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.10529, 0.00705308, 0.392947, -0.29471<
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227.495
128.228
590.229
-1926.89 -849.024 1282.35
31.2995
293.988
244.528
682.503
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120.686
244.528
596.467
-55.4987 -478.553 -912.591 -246.142 723.562
682.503
-55.4987 2576.06
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3168.6
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4094.72
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377.001
-246.142 1668.03
120.686
723.562
-4785.79 -1406.99 3749.59
-638.05
-711.422 -116.811 -450.407 -638.05
1041.14
0.381903
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0.381903
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0.597498
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128.068
590.229
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293.885
244.528
682.343
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244.528
596.124
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682.343
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377.001
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31.2995
120.567
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377.001
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120.567
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ij -0.554764 yz
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z
4.00106 {
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i 0.312538 t + 2.18759
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Point
Weight
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1.
201
i 4.01416
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zz
12
{
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z
J -T = jj
k 0.491184 2. {
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zz;
k -0.000859306 0.999925
{
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j
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0
0.000748383
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0.999925
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jj
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0.999925
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8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
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jj
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k
T
ij 0.118136
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0
0
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jij
jj -0.982367
j
B T = jjjj
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jj
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jj
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37.2801
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5376.19
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41287.
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0
202
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jj
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k0
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0.067772
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646.686
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z
jj
jj -1.96849 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -0.0483133 zzz
z
jj
jj 0.0738611 zzz
j
zzz
j
r i = jj
jj 0.279983 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.527456 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.813242 zzz
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jj
{
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zz
zz
12
{
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detJ = 2.36792
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z
J -T = jj
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{
1.00005
0
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jij
zyz
j
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j
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jj
zz
0.999937
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65.3628
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37.2801
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1667.75
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i 4.73584
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k0
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203
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<

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jj
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0.0224526
0.375583
0.082941
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jj
jj -0.308351
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jj 0
jj
k0
0
0
ij -0.0223112
jj
jj -0.832666
T
B = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij 8084.25
jj
jj 742.51
jj
jj
jjj 1593.77
jj
jj -110.037
j
k c = jjj
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jj
jj
jj -1043.14
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jj
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yz
zz
zz
zz
z
0.329845
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0.375501
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z
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7011.69
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1215.57
2376.97
1054.57 zzz
zz
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7179.75
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1700.78
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2376.97
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11728.6
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742.51
1593.77
34922.
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ks =
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0.798418 zzzz
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0.578499
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8083.08
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zyz
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{
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jj
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jjj
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zzz
jjj
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jj
jjj -0.252088 zzz
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r i = jj
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jj
jjj 0.687484 zzz
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jj
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jj
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jj
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i 4.01416
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k0
-0.264156 y
zz
zz
12
{
detJ = 2.00708
i 0.249118 0 yz
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z
k 0.131612 2. {
0.00087344 y
i 1.00004
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k -0.000859306 0.999984 {
0
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ij 1.00004
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j
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jj
0.999984
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k 0.00087344 1.00004
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
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0.0000844154 0.0982402
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jj
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0.0988683
0.802633
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205
0.369291
jij
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j
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
-0.0380408 0
0
0
ij -0.0982367
jj
jj -0.263225
T
B = jjjj
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jj
k0
1095.77
jij
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jj
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jj
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0.0982367
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0.802582
0.197418
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0.802582
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zz
3050.89
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8181.3
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711.736
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850.63
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k0
1095.78
jij
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zyz
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3050.9
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850.63
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206
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jij
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jj
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jj
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jj
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jj
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j
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r i = jjj
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jj
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jj
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jj
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jj
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zz
jj
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i 4.73584
J = jjjj
k0
-0.264156 y
zz
zz
12
{
detJ = 2.36792
i 0.211156 0 yz
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J -T = jj
k 0.111556 2. {
0.000880415 y
i 1.00005
zz;
{
k -0.000853046 0.999987
1.00005
0
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jij
zyz
j
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j
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0.999987
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jj
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0.999987
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k 0.000880415 1.00005
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8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
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0.0000190325 0.0223123
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jj
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0.0229736
0.83278
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jj
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0.107649
yz
zz
zz
zz
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0.542697 0.107649 zzzz
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0.107649 0.0577759 {
0.0577759 0
0
0
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0.0223112
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0.0832666 0
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0.832666
0.167334
0.0832666 0
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0.832666
0.16
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0.0223112
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207
603.832
jij
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k0
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jj
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jj
jjj 1989.54
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jj
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jj
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zyz
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72.1809
7037.36
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8722.01
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2708.13
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459.025
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1268.19
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194.435
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2512.07
72.1809
8722.01
-725.641 -9375.19 459.025
0.0327791
-0.0465932
0.00132
0.0124846
0.0327791
-0.0465932
0.0929684
-0.122333
-0.0034
0.0327791
0.0929684
-0.122333
-0.122333
0.173888
-0.0049
-0.122333
0.173888
-0.0465932 0
0
-0.00341425 0
0.00132949
-0.00341425 0
194.435
1989.54
417.864
2512.09
72.1809
8722.05
72.1809
7037.46
-651.439
8722.05
-651.439 30399.2
-725.641 -7425.07 -1559.49

-9375.23 -269.383 -32551.1
459.025
-1601.93 1793.06
-1858.9
848.641
yz
ij 0.106975
z
jj
jj 0.0451719 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.211822
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.125565
zz
r i = jjj
z
jjj -0.399234 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -0.168584 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 0.0804381 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -0.00215335 {
-0.00496172 0
-6570.11
0.00704
-0.00496172 0
yz
z
-1858.9 zzzz
zz
-7425.07 -269.383 -1601.93 848.641 zzzz
zz
-1559.49 -32551.1 1793.06
-6570.11 zzzz
zz
8410.47
2708.13
1268.18
-422.997 zzz
zz
2708.13
34988.8
-1713.1 6937.51 zzzz
zz
1268.18
-1713.1 673.555
-538.985 zzzz
z
-422.997 6937.51
-538.985 1491.5
{
-2253.58 -725.641 -339.808 113.342
-725.641 -9375.23 459.025
208
19705.3
jij
jj 4983.15
jj
jj
jj 4838.8
jj
jj
jj 812.215
j
k = jjj
jj -10835.3
jj
jj
jj -4511.11
jj
jj
jj -13708.8
jj
k -1284.25
rT = H 0
4983.15
4838.8
812.215
81768.7
-2459.39 24561.5
-2459.39 13557.
24561.5
-3213.46
-3213.46 55192.4
-4511.12 -13708.7 -1284.14

-45242.6 1987.46
1987.36
-4687.06 3685.38
-61087.6 3685.39
0 0 0 0
-61082.1
0 0 0L
-18671.8

19705.3
jij
jj 4983.15
jj
jj
jj 4838.8
jj
jj
jj 812.215
jj
jj
jj -10835.3
jj
jj
jj -4511.11
jj
jj
jj -13708.8
jj
k -1284.25
4983.15
4838.8
81768.7
-2459.39 24561.5
-2459.39 13557.
24561.5
812.215
-3213.46
-3213.46 55192.4
-4511.12 -13708.7 -1284.14

-45242.6 1987.46
1987.36
-61082.1
-4687.06 3685.38
-61087.6 3685.39
-18671.8
-10835.3 -4511.11 -13708.8 -1284.25 y

zz
-4511.12 -45242.6 1987.36
-61087.6 zzzz
zz
-13708.7 1987.46
-4687.06 3685.39 zzzz
zz
-1284.14 -61082.1 3685.38
-18671.8 zzzz
zz
17487.8
4864.87
7056.31
930.387 zzz
zz
4864.87
72631.2
-2341.21 33693.5 zzzz
zz
7056.31
-2341.21 11339.5
-3331.52 zzzz
z
930.387
33693.5
-3331.52 46065.9 {
-10835.3 -4511.11 -13708.8 -1284.25 y i Du3 y i 0. y

zz jj
zz jj zz
-4511.12 -45242.6 1987.36
zz jj
zz jj zz
-13708.7 1987.46
zz jj
zz jj zz
-1284.14 -61082.1 3685.38
zz jj
zz = jj zz
17487.8
4864.87
7056.31
zz jj
zz jj zz
4864.87
72631.2
zz jj
zz jj zz
7056.31
-2341.21 11339.5
zj
z j z
930.387
33693.5
-3331.52 46065.9 { k Dv4 { k 0. {
5
jij
jj 6
jj
jj
jj 9
jj
jj
jj 10
j
jjj 11
jj
jjj 12
jj
jjj 7
jj
j
k8
ij @5, 5D
jj
jj @6, 5D
jj
jj
jj @9, 5D
jj
jj
jj @10, 5D
jj @11, 5D
jj
jj
jjj @12, 5D
jj
jj @7, 5D
jj
j
k @8, 5D
@5, 6D
@6, 6D
@9, 6D
@5, 9D
@5, 10D
@9, 9D
@9, 10D
@6, 9D
@6, 10D
@10, 6D @10, 9D @10, 10D
@11, 6D @11, 9D @11, 10D
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
@5, 11D
@5, 12D
@9, 11D
@9, 12D
@6, 11D
@10, 11D
@11, 12D
@7, 11D
@7, 12D
@12, 11D
@8, 6D
@8, 11D
@7, 9D
@8, 9D
@7, 10D
@8, 10D
@10, 12D
@11, 11D
@12, 6D @12, 9D @12, 10D

@7, 6D
@6, 12D
@12, 12D
@8, 12D
@5, 7D
@5, 8D y
zz
@6, 8D zzzz
zz
@9, 7D @9, 8D zzzz
zz
@10, 7D @10, 8D zzzz
zz
@11, 7D @11, 8D zzz
zz
@12, 7D @12, 8D zzzz
zz
@7, 7D @7, 8D zzzz
z
@8, 7D @8, 8D {
@6, 7D
209
12689.6
jij
jj 4814.7
jj
jj
jj -9199.39
jj
jj
jj 2032.69
jj
jj
jj -7816.83
jj
jj
jj -4480.25
jj
jj
jj 4326.57
jj
jj
jj -2367.14
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
4814.7
-9199.39 2032.69
-7816.83 -4480.25 4326.57
-2367.14 0
7403.79
-1238.93 290.004
-4480.19 -4212.24 904.422
-3481.55 0
-1238.93 10056.8
290.004
-3250.81 2699.29
-3250.81 7496.58
792.033
-3556.67 3697.71
-2479.66 -4548.58 3697.78
0
0
-3238.01 0
-4480.19 2699.29
-2479.66 34023.3
9911.41
-22909.2 747.338
-4212.24 792.033
-4548.58 9911.41
90239.7
747.317
-60797.7 -2459.39 2456
19770.
-6693.68 -4687.06 3685
904.422
-3556.67 3697.78
-22909.2 747.317
-3481.55 3697.71
-3238.01 747.338
-10835.3 -4511.12 7056.31
-4511.11 -45242.6 -2341.21 33693.5
4838.8
812.
-60797.7 -6693.68 52495.6
3685.39
-18
4838.8
-2459.39 -4687.06 3685.39
13557.
-32
812.215
24561.5
3685.38
-18671.8 -3213.46 5519

930.387
-13708.7 -12
1987.46
-61

ij 12689.6
jj
jj 4814.7
jj
jj
jjj -9199.39
jj
jj 2032.69
jj
jj
jj -7816.83
jj
jj
jj -4480.25
K T = jjjj
jj 4326.57
jj
jj
jj -2367.14
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
ij 0. yz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
j
zz;
RE = jjjj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -1. {
4814.7
-9199.39 2032.69
-7816.83 -4480.25 4326.57
-2367.14 0
7403.79
-1238.93 290.004
-4480.19 -4212.24 904.422
-3481.55 0
-1238.93 10056.8
290.004
-3250.81 2699.29
-3250.81 7496.58
792.033
-3556.67 3697.71
-2479.66 -4548.58 3697.78
-3238.01 0
-4480.19 2699.29
-2479.66 34023.3
9911.41
-22909.2 747.338
-4212.24 792.033
-4548.58 9911.41
90239.7
747.317
-60797.7 -
19770.
-6693.68 -
904.422
-3556.67 3697.78
-22909.2 747.317
-3481.55 3697.71
-3238.01 747.338
-10835.3 -4511.12 7056.31
930.387
-4511.11 -45242.6 -2341.21 33693.5
yz
ij 0.16601
zz
jj
zz
jj -2.96261
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.209513 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 3.79239
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.174468
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.139225
zz
j
zz;
RI = jjjj
jj -0.124059 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.0136769 zzz
z
jj
jj -0.00060097 zzz
zz
jj
zzz
jjj
zz
jj 0.136706
zz
jjj
jj -0.00630497 zzz
zzz
jjj
{
k -1.11939
-60797.7 -6693.68 52495.6
4838.8
-2459.39 -4687.06 3685.39
812.215
24561.5
3685.38
ij -0.16601 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 2.96261
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.209513 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -3.79239 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.174468 zzz
z
jj
jj -0.139225 zzz
zz
j
zz
R = RE - RI = jjjj
jj 0.124059 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.0136769 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 0.00060097 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.136706 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 0.00630497 zzz
zzz
jjj
k 0.119394 {
-18671.8 -
210
System of equations
12689.6
jij
jj 4814.7
jj
jj
jj -9199.39
jj
jj
jj 2032.69
jj
jj
jj -7816.83
jj
jj
jj -4480.25
jj
jj
jj 4326.57
jj
jj
jj -2367.14
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
4814.7
-9199.39 2032.69
-7816.83 -4480.25 4326.57
-2367.14 0
7403.79
-1238.93 290.004
-4480.19 -4212.24 904.422
-3481.55 0
-1238.93 10056.8
290.004
-3250.81 2699.29
-3250.81 7496.58
792.033
-3556.67 3697.71
-2479.66 -4548.58 3697.78
-3238.01 0
-4480.19 2699.29
-2479.66 34023.3
9911.41
-22909.2 747.338
-4212.24 792.033
-4548.58 9911.41
90239.7
747.317
-60797.7 -2459.
19770.
-6693.68 -4687.
904.422
-3556.67 3697.78
-22909.2 747.317
4838.8
-3481.55 3697.71
-3238.01 747.338
-60797.7 -6693.68 52495.6
3685.39
4838.8
-2459.39 -4687.06 3685.39
13557.
812.215
24561.5
-10835.3 -4511.12 7056.31
930.387
-13708
-4511.11 -45242.6 -2341.21 33693.5
1987.46

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du2
Dv2
0
0

3685.38
-18671.8 -3213.
211
34023.3
jij
jj 9911.41
jj
jj
jj -22909.2
jj
jj
jj 747.338
jj
jj
jj 4838.8
jj
jj
jj 812.215
jj
jj
jj -10835.3
jj
k -4511.11
9911.41
-22909.2 747.338
4838.8
812.215
90239.7
747.317
-60797.7 -2459.39 24561.5
747.317
19770.
-6693.68 -4687.06 3685.38
-60797.7 -6693.68 52495.6
3685.39
-18671.8
-2459.39 -4687.06 3685.39
13557.
-3213.46
24561.5
3685.38
-4511.12 7056.31
-18671.8 -3213.46 55192.4

930.387
-45242.6 -2341.21 33693.5
-13708.7 -1284.14
1987.46
-61082.1
-10835.3 -4511.11 y
zz
-4511.12 -45242.6 zzzz
zz
7056.31
-2341.21 zzzz
zz
930.387
33693.5 zzzz
zz
-13708.7 1987.46 zzz
zz
-1284.14 -61082.1 zzzz
zz
17487.8
4864.87 zzzz
z
4864.87
72631.2 {
Du
-0.174468 y
jij 3 zyz jij
z
jj 3 zz jj
zz
z j
jj
z
jj 4 zz jj
zz
z j
jj
z
zz jj
jj
zz
zz = jj
jj
z
jj Du5 zz jj 0.00060097 zzz
zz jj
jj
zz
z j
jj
z
zz jj
jj
zz
jj 6 zz jj
zz
j
z j
z
Dv
0.119394
k 6{ k
{
8Du3 = 0.0000332154, Dv3 = -0.0000360654, Du4 = 0.000057925, Dv4 = 0.0000269595,

Du5 = 0.0000350328, Dv5 = -0.000236237, Du6 = 0.0000618104, Dv6 = -0.00023317<

Du
Dv
0.0000332154
-0.0000360654
0.000057925
0.0000269595
0.0000350328
-0.000236237
0.0000618104
-0.00023317
212
Du
Dv
0.00128132
-0.00102444
0.00191931
0.0010897
0.00150532
-0.00769111
0.00245131
-0.0076825
Total nodal values

u
0.00128132
-0.00102444
0.00191931
0.0010897
0.00150532
-0.00769111
0.00245131
-0.0076825

0
jij
jj 5
jj
j 2
jj 5
jj 2
jj
k0
5s
5
x0 Hs,tL = +
4
4
0y
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
3 zzz
zz
z
4{
ts
s
7t
7
y0 Hs,tL = - - + +
4
4
4
4
ij 54
J = jjjj
t
1
k - 4 - 4
yz
zz
z
7
s z
4 - 4 {
35
5s
detJ = -
16
16
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj 0.00128132
jj
k 0.00191931
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.00102444 zzzz
zz
0.0010897 {
213
0
jij
jj 5
jj
jj 2.50128
jj
j
k 0.00191931
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
2.99898 zzz
zz
4.00109 {
0
0
xII Hs,tL = -0.0001595 t s + 1.24984 s + 0.000800158 t + 1.2508

yII Hs,tL = -0.250529 t s - 0.250529 s + 1.75002 t + 1.75002
0.000800158 - 0.0001595 s y
i 1.24984 - 0.0001595 t
zz
J II = jj
k -0.250529 t - 0.250529 1.75002 - 0.250529 s
{
detJ II = -0.313161 s - 0.0000786647 t + 2.18744
i -0.3125 s - 0.000079085 t + 2.18742

k -0.000920857 t - 0.000920857
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 80.528689, 0.800777<

0.000892245 y
i 1.24993
zz
J II = jj
{
k -0.105886 1.89466
0.0010002 - 0.000199375 s y
zz
{
2.18752 - 0.313161 s
detJ II = 2.36829
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL
0.31075
0
0.0892553 0
-0.0669004 0
-0.333105 0
jij
j
j
-0.207974 0
-0.0559149 0
0.0557265 0
0.20
= jj 0
jj
-0.207974
-0.333105
-0.0559149
0.31075
0.0557265
0.0892553
0.208163
-0.
k
0.000471006 y
i 0.999986
zz;
F IIp = jj
{
k -0.000164363 1.00017
Det@F IIp D = 1.00016
0.000306725 y
i 0.999972
zz
0.000306725
1.00034
k
{
i -0.0000141023 0.000153304 yz
z
0.000169822 {
k 0.000153304
i 0.548046 1.20409 yz
z
k 1.20409 1.99056 {
-0.134282 L
214
i 0.546967 1.20314 yz
z
k 1.20314 1.99042 {
r Ti = H -1.28166 -2.41272 0.304829 0.778127 0.343421 0.646485 0.633413 0.988104 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 80.52972, 2.98854<

0.000892245 yz
i 1.24975
J II = jj
z
-0.395171
1.89466
k
{
detJ II = 2.3682
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL =
-0.150336 0
0.0669029
0
0.333118 0
-0.249685 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.20806 0
-0.0558001 0
0.0556117 0
0.208249 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
0.0556117 0.333118 0.208249
-0.249685 {
k -0.20806 -0.150336 -0.0558001 0.0669029
0.000471006 y
i 0.999947
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000613413 1.00017
{
Det@F IIp D = 1.00012
-0.000142294 y
i 0.999895
zz
-0.000142294
1.00034
{
k
i -0.0000524916 -0.0000712678 yz
z
k -0.0000712678 0.000169822 {
i 0.0831202 -0.558607 yz
z
k -0.558607 1.82981 {
i 0.0836601 -0.559382 yz
z
k -0.559382 1.8286
{
r Ti =
H 0.307042 -0.878348 0.108727 -0.412858 -0.0099939 -0.249602 -0.405775 1.54081 L
215
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 81.97199, 0.678511<

0.00070807 y
i 1.24993
zz
J II = jj
{
k -0.105886 1.60537
detJ II = 2.00668
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
0.294667
0
0.105339 0
-0.0789559 0
ij -0.321051 0
jj
jj 0
-0.0656764 0
-0.245766 0
0.24559 0
0.0658528
jj
j
0.24559 0.105339 0.0658528
-0.0789559
k -0.0656764 -0.321051 -0.245766 0.294667
0.000440983 y
i 0.999983
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000193914 0.99982
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.999804
0.000246994 y
i 0.999967
zz
{
k 0.000246994 0.99964
i -0.0000166348 0.000123549 yz
z
-0.000179773 {
k 0.000123549
i -0.960746 0.969766 zy
z
-2.24303 {
k 0.969766
i -0.961547 0.970672 yz
z
-2.24325 {
k 0.970672
r Ti = H 0.614004 -0.41149 -1.30809 2.09976
0.343581 -1.12564 0.3505 -0.562629 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 81.9728, 2.53224<

0.00070807 y
i 1.24975
J II = jj
zz
k -0.395171 1.60537
{
detJ II = 2.00659
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
{
216
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
-0.105344 0
0.00687574 0
0.393149 0
-0.294681 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.0657715 0
-0.245639 0
0.245463 0
0.0659479 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
k -0.0657715 -0.105344 -0.245639 0.00687574 0.245463 0.393149 0.0659479 -0.294681 {
0.000440983 y
i 0.999938
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000723696 0.99982
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.999758
-0.000282747 y
i 0.999876
zz
-0.000282747
0.999641
k
{
i -0.0000618886 -0.000141305 yz
z
k -0.000141305 -0.000179773 {
i -1.50945 -1.11017 zy
z
k -1.11017 -2.43257 {
i -1.50849 -1.11033 yz
z
k -1.11033 -2.43478 {
r Ti = H 0.582059 0.694731 0.658052 1.47981 -2.17227 -2.59277 0.932164 0.418233 L
r Ti = H 0.221441 -3.00782 -0.236477 3.94484
RTI = H 0.221441 -3.00782 -0.236477 3.94484

-1.49527 -3.32153 1.5103 2.38451 L
-1.49527 -3.32153 1.5103 2.38451 0 0 0 0 L
217
5
jij 2
jj
jj 10
jj 10
jj
j
k0
3 zy
zz
z
3 zzzz
zz
4 zzz
zz
4{
5ts
35 s
5t
45
x0 Hs,tL = + - +
8
8
8
8
t
7
y0 Hs,tL = +
2
2
5t
35
ij
+
8
8
J = jjj
j0
k
5s
- 58 yz
8
zz
zz
12
{
5t
35
detJ = +
16
16
ij 0.00128132
jj
jj 0.00150532
jj 0.00245131
jj
k 0.00191931
ij 2.50128
jj
jj 10.0015
jjj 10.0025
jj
k 0.00191931
-0.00102444 y
zz
-0.00769111 zzzz
zz
-0.0076825 zzzz
z
0.0010897 {
2.99898 y
zz
2.99231 zzzz
zz
3.99232 zzzz
zz
4.00109 {
xII Hs,tL = 0.625077 t s + 4.37519 s - 0.624604 t + 5.62679
yII Hs,tL = -0.000526383 t s - 0.00385972 s + 0.500531 t + 3.49617
0.625077 s - 0.624604
i 0.625077 t + 4.37519
zyz
J II = jj
k -0.000526383 t - 0.00385972 0.500531 - 0.000526383 s {
detJ II = 0.000109593 s + 0.312541 t + 2.18751
0.000218742 s + 0.000295622 t + 0.00185061 zy

jij 0.312538 t + 2.18759
z
k -0.000263192 t - 0.00192986 0.000109395 s + 0.312503 t + 2.18741
{
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 83.66975, 3.20924<

-0.985492 y
i 4.0143
zz
J II = jj
k -0.00355581 0.500835 {
detJ II = 2.007
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
218
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
0.0982175
0
0.0265547 0
-0.0256688 0
ij -0.0991034 0
j
-0.982367 0
-0.0177101 0
0.263224 0
0
B TL = jjjj 0
jj
0.263224 0.0265547 0.736852
k -0.982367 -0.0991034 -0.0177101 0.0982175
0.000774083 y
i 1.00004
zz;
F IIp = jj
-0.000885817
0.999923
k
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.999959
-0.000111826 y
i 1.00007
zz
k -0.000111826 0.999846
{
-0.0000558188 y
i 0.0000364017
zz
k -0.0000558188 -0.0000770663 {
-0.439028 y
i 0.113111
zz
-0.439028
-0.776383
k
{

-0.438336 y
i 0.11378
zz
k -0.438336 -0.777265 {
r Ti = H 1.05389
2.0226 0.047378 -0.0736844 -0.282388 -0.541954 -0.818878 -1.40696 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 82.5318, 3.78756<

-0.985492 y
i 4.73608
zz
J II = jj
k -0.00416362 0.500835 {
detJ II = 2.36789
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL
0.022163
0
0.0835926 0
-0.0827134 0
-0.0230422 0
jij
j
j
-0.832701 0
-0.167363 0
0.375458 0
0.62
= jj 0
jj
0.375458 0.0835926 0.624606
-0.
k -0.832701 -0.0230422 -0.167363 0.022163
219
0.00080028 yz
i 1.00005
F IIp = jj
z;
k -0.000879172 0.999936 {
Det@F IIp D = 0.999986
-0.0000789872 y
i 1.0001
zz
k -0.0000789872 0.999872
{
-0.0000393982 y
i 0.0000496829
zz
k -0.0000393982 -0.0000639453 {
i 0.329244 -0.3101 yz
z
k -0.3101 -0.561914 {
-0.309363 y
i 0.329705
zz
k -0.309363 -0.562527 {
r Ti = H 0.741847 1.4061 0.175214 0.258015 -0.263155 -0.701188 -0.653906 -0.962925 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.30506, 3.20514<

-0.263716 y
i 4.0143
zz
J II = jj
k -0.00355581 0.500227 {
detJ II = 2.00712
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL
0.0975805 0
0.0270324 0
-0.0261466 0
-0.0984663 0
jij
j
j
= jj 0
-0.26314
0
-0.736874 0
0.802569 0
0.19
jj
-0.26314
-0.0984663
-0.736874
0.0975805
0.802569
0.0270324
0.197445
-0.
k
0.000899929 y
i 1.00004
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000885817 0.999986
{
Det@F IIp D = 1.00002
0.0000140668 y
i 1.00007
zz
0.0000140668
0.999972
k
{
220
i 0.0000364017
-6
k 7.07842 10
i 0.380506 0.0552245
k 0.0552245 -0.0156503
-0.0232046 L
i 0.380382 0.0555749
k 0.0555749 -0.0155527
yz
z
{
7.07842 10-6 zy
zz
z
-0.0000140274 {
yz
z
{
r Ti = H -0.130458 -0.00331056 -0.00894053 0.042453 0.137003 -0.0277672 0.00239561 -0.
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.00055, 3.78275<

-0.263716 y
i 4.73608
zz
J II = jj
k -0.00416362 0.500227 {
detJ II = 2.36801
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL
0.0216271 0
0.0839944 0
-0.0831153 0
ij -0.0225062 0
jj
j
-0.223094 0
-0.776916 0
0.832599 0
0.16
= jj 0
jj
-0.
k -0.223094 -0.0225062 -0.776916 0.0216271 0.832599 0.0839944 0.167411
0.000906948 y
i 1.00005
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000879172 0.999989
{
Det@F IIp D = 1.00004
0.0000277225 y
i 1.0001
zz
k 0.0000277225 0.999979
{
i 0.0000496829 0.000013915 yz
z
k 0.000013915 -0.0000105107 {
i 0.555892 0.108835 yz
z
k 0.108835 0.0828801 {
Principal stresses = H 0.579732 0.0590401 L
221
i 0.555649 0.109246 yz
z
k 0.109246 0.0830751 {
r Ti =
H -0.108901 -0.0619801 -0.214694 -0.183627 0.406424 0.231313 -0.0828285 0.0142944 L

r Ti = H 1.55638 3.36341 -0.0010432 0.0431563 -0.002116 -1.0396 -1.55322 -2.36697 L
RTI = H 0.221441 -3.00782 -0.236477 3.94484
0.0611095 0.0418766 -0.0429142 0.0175473 -0.0010

0.221441 y
z
jij
jj -3.00782 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.236477 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 3.94484
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.0611095 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.0418766 zzz
zz;
j
RI = jjj
z
jj -0.0429142 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.0175473 zzz
zz
jjj
jj -0.0010432 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 0.0431563 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj -0.002116 zzz
z
j
{
k -1.0396
0. y
z
jij
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
j
RE = jjj
z
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
j
-1.
{
k

ij 0.0611095 yz
jj
z
jj 0.0418766 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj -0.0429142 zzz
jjj
zz
jj 0.0175473 zzz
j
j
zzz;
RI = jj
jj -0.0010432 zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj 0.0431563 zzz
jj
zz
jjj -0.002116 zzz
jj
zz
k -1.0396
{
RE = 1.;
ij 0. yz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
j
zz;
RE = jj
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj 0. zzz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
j
z
k -1. {
R = 0.10523
ij -0.0611095 yz
jj
z
jj -0.0418766 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0.0429142 zzz
jjj
zz
jj -0.0175473 zzz
j
j
zzz
R = RE - RI = jj
jj 0.0010432 zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj -0.0431563 zzz
jj
zz
jjj 0.002116 zzz
jj
zz
k 0.0395959 {
222
Iteration = 4
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
k0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
E = 10600.;
n = 0.35;
0 y i Du1 y i 0 y
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz = jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
zz jj
zz
zz jj
0 { k Dv6 { k -1 {

g = 0.461538

1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
t-1 1-t t+1 1

NT s = : , , , H-t - 1L>
4
4
4
4
s -1 1
s +1 1-s
NT t = : , H-s - 1L, , >
4
4
4
4
ij 0
jj
jj 5
jj 2
jj 5
jj 2
jj
k0
5s
5
x0 Hs,tL = +
4
4
0y
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
3 zzz
zz
z
4{
ts
s
7t
7
y0 Hs,tL = - - + +
4
4
4
4
223
5
ji 4
J = jjj
j - t - 1
k 4
4
0
74
4s
zyz
zz
z
{
35
5s
detJ = -
16
16
ij 0
jj
jj 5
j
jj 2.50128
jj
j
k 0.00191931
yz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
z
2.99898 zzz
zz
4.00109 {
0
xHs,tL = -0.0001595 t s + 1.24984 s + 0.000800158 t + 1.2508

yHs,tL = -0.250529 t s - 0.250529 s + 1.75002 t + 1.75002
i -0.3125 s - 0.000079085 t + 2.18742

k -0.000920857 t - 0.000920857
0.0010002 - 0.000199375 s y
zz
2.18752 - 0.313161 s
{

Point
Weight
s -0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s -0.57735
t 0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t -0.57735
1.
s 0.57735
t 0.57735
1.

i 5
0
J = jjjj 4
k -0.105662 1.89434
i 0.8
J -T = jj
k0
0.0446224 y
zz
0.527889 {
yz
zz
z
{
detJ = 2.36792
0.000471006 y
i 0.999986
zz;
k -0.000164363 1.00017
{
0
-0.000164363 0
ij 0.999986
yz
_
j
zz
zz
F = jjjj 0
0.000471006 0
1.00017
zz
jj
z
1.00017
-0.000164363 {
k 0.000471006 0.999986
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
224
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.333066, 0.310755, 0.0892449, -0.0669336<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.208166, -0.055778, 0.055778, 0.208166<
0.0000547439 0.310751
-0.0000510768 0.0892436
-0.0000146
ij -0.333062
j
-0.0000262718 -0.0557875
0.0000262718 0.0557875
GT = jjjj -0.0000980477 -0.208202
jj
-0.333089
-0.0556309
0.310817
0.0558193
0.0892508
k -0.20832
ij 0.546967
jj
jj 1.20314
S = jjjj
jjj 0
j
k0
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
0.546967 1.20314 zzzz
z
1.20314 1.99042 {
1.20314
1.99042
0
0
BT =
ij -0.333066
jj
jj -0.208166
jj
jj
jj 0
jjj
k0
0.310755
-0.055778 0
-0.0669336 0
0.055778
0.208166
0.0892449 0
-0.333066 0
0.310755
-0.208166 0
-0.055778 0
ij 6089.43
jj
jj 2683.29
jj
jj
jjj -5076.85
jj
jj -245.859
j
k c = jjj
jj -1631.66
jj
jj
jj -718.985
jj
jj
jj 619.075
jj
k -1718.44
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.0669336 zzzz
zz
0.208166 {
0.0892449 0
0.055778
2683.29
-5076.85 -245.859 -1631.66 -718.985 619.075
3467.01
-1535.94 -617.127 -718.985 -928.984 -428.367
-1535.94 4898.51
-673.001 1360.34
-617.127 -673.001 1279.36
65.8778
411.553
-1181.99
165.359
852.982
-718.985 1360.34
65.8778
437.202
192.652
-165.881
-928.984 411.553
165.359
192.652
248.92
114.781
-428.367 -1181.99 852.982

-1920.9
1797.39
-165.881 114.781
-827.594 460.456
514.705
728.799
-539.396
-1718.44 y
zz
-1920.9 zzzz
zz
1797.39 zzzz
zz
-827.594 zzzz
zz
460.456 zzz
zz
514.705 zzzz
zz
-539.396 zzzz
z
2233.79 {
ks =
ij 0.928711
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jjj -0.26337
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -0.248847
jj
jj
jjj 0
jj
jj -0.416494
jj
j
k0
-0.26337
-0.248847 0
0.928711
-0.26337
0.0512168 0
-0.26337
0.0705699 0
-0.248847 0
0
0.141584
-0.416494 0
0.0705699
0.0512168 0
0.0666785
0.0705699 0
yz
z
-0.416494 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
zz
0.141584 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
0.111599 zzzz
zz
zz
0
zz
z
0.163311 {
-0.416494 0
-0.248847 0
0
0.141584
0.0705699
0.111599
0.0666785
0.111599
0.163311
0.141584
0.111599
225
6090.36
jij
jj 2683.29
jj
jj
jj -5077.11
jj
jj
jj -245.859
j
k = jjj
jj -1631.91
jj
jj
jj -718.985
jj
jj
jj 618.659
jj
k -1718.44
2683.29
-5077.11 -245.859 -1631.91 -718.985 618.659
3467.94
-1535.94 -617.39
-1535.94 4898.56
-617.39
-718.985 -929.233 -428.367
-673.001 1360.41
-673.001 1279.41
65.8778
411.553
-1181.85
165.429
852.982
-718.985 1360.41
65.8778
437.268
192.652
-165.769
-929.233 411.553
165.429
192.652
248.987
114.781
-428.367 -1181.85 852.982

-1921.32 1797.39
ij 1.28166 yz
z
jj
jj 2.41272 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.304829 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj -0.778127 zzz
zz
r i = jj
jjj -0.343421 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -0.646485 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.633413 zzz
zz
jj
k -0.988104 {
-165.769 114.781
-827.452 460.456
514.816
728.963
-539.396
-1718.44 y
zz
-1921.32 zzzz
zz
1797.39 zzzz
zz
-827.452 zzzz
zz
460.456 zzz
zz
514.816 zzzz
zz
-539.396 zzzz
z
2233.96 {

i 5
0
J = jjjj 4
k -0.394338 1.89434
i 0.8
J -T = jj
k0
0.166533 y
zz
0.527889 {
yz
zz
z
{
detJ = 2.36792
0.000471006 y
i 0.999947
zz;
k -0.000613413 1.00017
{
0
-0.000613413 0
ij 0.999947
yz
_
j
zz
zz
F = jjjj 0
0.000471006 0
1.00017
zz
jj
z
1.00017
-0.000613413 {
k 0.000471006 0.999947
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jjj
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jj
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jj
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65.0382 zzzz
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{
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229

i 5
0
J = jjjj 4
k -0.394338 1.60566
0.196473 y
zz
0.622796 {
i 0.8
J -T = jj
k0
yz
zz
z
{
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0.000440983 y
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zz;
k -0.000723696 0.99982
{
0
-0.000723696 0
ij 0.999938
yz
_
j
zz
zz
0.000440983 0
0.99982
F = jjjj 0
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jj
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0.99982
-0.000723696 {
k 0.000440983 0.999938
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
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8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
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0.0000761978 0.00705264
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jij -0.105283
jj
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jj
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0.00722954
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T
ij -1.50849
jj
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jjj
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yz
zz
zz
zz
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0
0
0.24575
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jij
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jj
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jj
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k0
-0.00028437
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0.392699
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0.0658061 {
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230
516.326
jij
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jj
jj
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jj
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k0
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jjj 128.086
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jj
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jj 1282.25
jj
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227.497
128.253
590.248
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31.2868
293.99
244.546
682.509
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120.685
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596.48
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682.509
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3168.63
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4094.75
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376.989
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120.685
723.567
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1041.17
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682.343
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3168.63
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4093.26
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376.989
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120.559
723.567
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z
jj
jj -0.694731 zzz
zz
jjj
jj -0.658052 zzz
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj -1.47981 zzz
zz
r i = jj
jjj 2.17227 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 2.59277 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -0.932164 zzz
zz
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k -0.418233 {
zyz
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{
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zz
zz
zz
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zz
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zz
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zz
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zz
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zz
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zz
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{
231
12689.8
jij
jj 4814.63
jj
jj
jj -9199.39
jj
jj
jj 2032.83
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jj
jj
jj -4480.23
jj
jj
jj 4326.61
jj
k -2367.24
rT = H 0
4814.63
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7403.64
-1238.79 290.01
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290.01
791.922
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4928.24
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8470.89
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904.328
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0 0 0 0
0 0 0L
-9200.49 -1239.94 8430.46
-3238.12 2031.7
289.87
-3362.19

12689.8
jij
jj 4814.63
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jj -9199.39
jj
jj
jj 2032.83
jj
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jj -7816.98
jj
jj
jj -4480.23
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jj 4326.61
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k -2367.24
4814.63
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7403.64
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290.01
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791.922
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4928.24
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8470.89
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904.328
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289.87
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1
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7403.64
-1238.79 290.01
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-1238.79 10056.7
-3250.86 2699.23
-3250.86 7496.73
290.01
791.922
-3556.59 3697.73
-2479.77 -4548.62 3697.8
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4928.24
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-4548.62 4928.24
8470.89
-1239.94 289.87
904.328
-3556.59 3697.8
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-3362.19 0
-3481.51 3697.73
-3238.12 2031.7
289.87
-3362.19 6429.76
ij Du1 yz ij 0 yz
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xHs,tL = 0.625077 t s + 4.37519 s - 0.624604 t + 5.62679

yHs,tL = -0.000526383 t s - 0.00385972 s + 0.500531 t + 3.49617
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i 0.312538 t + 2.18759
zz
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Point
Weight
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1.
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s 0.57735
t 0.57735
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234
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zz
zz
12
{
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J -T = jj
k 0.491184 2. {
0.000774083 y
i 1.00004
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k -0.000885817 0.999923
{
0
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ij 1.00004
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jj
zz
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zz
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0.999923
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zz
jj
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0.999923
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k 0.000774083 1.00004
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8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
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0.0000870198 0.0982403
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j
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jj
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0.0982447
0.263254
0.0260872
k
T
ij 0.11378
jj
jj -0.438336
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jjj
k0
0
0
-0.0982367
jij
jj -0.982367
j
B T = jjjj
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jj
k0
ij 9924.87
jj
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jj
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jj
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3196.41
41287.
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0.263225
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65.403
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589.534
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2964.27
37.4499
8271.83 zzzz
zz
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1881.38
37.4499
5376.18
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1667.75
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0
0
235
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jij
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jj
jj
jj 0.0676898
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jj
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jj 1.46331
jj
k0
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jj
jj 3196.41
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jj
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jj
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jjj -856.476
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jj
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-0.985844 y
zz
zz
12
{
detJ = 2.36792
i 0.211156 0 yz
z
J -T = jj
k 0.416333 2. {
0.00080028 y
i 1.00005
zz;
k -0.000879172 0.999936 {
1.00005
0
-0.000879172 0
jij
zyz
j
zz
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0.00080028 0
0.999936
F = jj 0
zz
jj
zz
0.999936
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8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
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3196.41
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i 4.73584
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8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<

8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
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jj
k0
0
0
ij -0.0223112
jj
jj -0.832666
T
B = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
ij 8084.31
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jj 743.212
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jj
jjj 1593.76
jj
jj -109.896
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jj
jj
jj -1043.45
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jj
jj -5947.98
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k 410.136
yz
zz
zz
zz
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0.329705
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0.375501
0.62
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yz
z
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7011.72
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1215.71
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1054.82 zzz
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7179.71
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1700.26
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2377.
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11728.6
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743.212
1593.76
34922.
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ks =
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jj
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jj
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jj -0.218887
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jj
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jj
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0.816896 zzzz
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0
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0.589943
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8083.12
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7011.5
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jj
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jjj
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zzz
jjj
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jj
jjj -0.258015 zzz
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r i = jj
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jj
jjj 0.701188 zzz
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jj
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jj
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jj
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i 4.01416
J = jjjj
k0
-0.264156 y
zz
zz
12
{
detJ = 2.00708
i 0.249118 0 yz
J -T = jj
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k 0.131612 2. {
0.000899929 y
i 1.00004
zz;
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{
0
-0.000885817 0
ij 1.00004
yz
_
j
zz
zz
F = jjjj 0
0.000899929 0
0.999986
zz
jj
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0.999986
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0.0000870198 0.0982403
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ij -0.0982403
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jj
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0.098888
0.802634
0.0256111
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238
0.380382
jij
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j
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jj
k0
-0.0155527 0
0
0
ij -0.0982367
jj
jj -0.263225
T
B = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
1095.81
jij
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jj
jj
jj 1499.69
jj
jj
jj 1414.63
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jjj -2193.66
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0.802582
0.197418
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0.802582
0.19
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zz
3050.83
124.516
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124.516
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8181.23
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313.554
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6375.3
712.294
1530.58
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850.679
ij 0.0137169
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jj
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jj
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jj
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j
k0
1095.82
jij
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jj
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jjj -1886.26
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jj
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zyz
zz
zz
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0.380382 0.0555749 zzzz
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0.0555749 -0.0155527 {
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3050.84
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8181.22
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313.554
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712.294
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850.679
1499.68
1414.63
239
0.130458
zy
jij
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zz
jj
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jj
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jj
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jj
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j
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r i = jjj
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jj
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jj
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jj
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jj
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jj
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i 4.73584
J = jjjj
k0
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zz
zz
12
{
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i 0.211156 0 yz
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J -T = jj
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0.000906948 y
i 1.00005
zz;
{
k -0.000879172 0.999989
1.00005
0
-0.000879172 0
jij
zyz
j
zz
j
F = jj 0
0.000906948 0
0.999989
zz
jj
zz
0.999989
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k 0.000906948 1.00005
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8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
9N1 x0 , N2 x0 , N3 x0 , N4 x0 = = 8-0.0223112, 0.0223112, 0.0832666, -0.0832666<
9N1 y0 , N2 y0 , N3 y0 , N4 y0 = = 8-0.223112, -0.776888, 0.832666, 0.167334<
0.0000196154 0.0223123
-0.0000196154 0.0832707
-0.0000732057
ij -0.0223123
j
-0.000704597 -0.776879
0.000755185 0.832657
GT = jjjj -0.000202351 -0.22311
jj
-0.0221148
-0.776906
0.022994
0.832782
0.0825336
k -0.223143
ij 0.555649
jj
jj 0.109246
S = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
0.109246
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
0.555649 0.109246 zzzz
z
0.109246 0.0830751 {
0.0830751 0
0
0
ij -0.0223112
jj
jj -0.223112
T
B = jjjj
jj 0
jj
k0
0.0223112
-0.776888 0
0.0832666 0
-0.0832666 0
0.832666
0.167334
0.0832666 0
-0.
0.832666
0.16
-0.0223112 0
0.0223112
-0.223112
-0.776888 0
240
603.838
jij
jj 194.484
jj
jj
jj 1989.51
jj
jj
jj 418.039
j
k c = jjj
jj -2253.56
jj
jj
jj -725.824
jj
jj
jj -339.792
jj
k 113.301
1989.51
418.039
2512.05
72.3561
8721.96
72.3561
7037.29
-650.826
8721.96
-650.826 30399.
-725.824 -7424.95 -1560.14

-270.037 -32550.8
458.984
-1601.85 1792.93
ij 0.0162783
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0.0457981
jj
jj
jj 0
k s = jjj
jjj -0.0607516
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj -0.00132483
jj
j
k0
ij 603.855
jj
jj 194.484
jj
jj
jjj 1989.55
jj
jj 418.039
j
k = jjj
jj -2253.62
jj
jj
jj -725.824
jj
jj
jj -339.793
jj
k 113.301
-725.824 -9375.1
-9375.1
-1858.91 848.507
zyz
-1858.91 zzzz
zz
-7424.95 -270.037 -1601.85 848.507 zzzz
zz
-1560.14 -32550.8 1792.93
-6570.14 zzzz
zz
8410.38
2708.81
1268.12
-422.845 zzz
zz
2708.81
34988.4
-1712.95 6937.53 zzzz
zz
1268.12
-1712.95 673.517
-538.963 zzzz
z
-422.845 6937.53
-538.963 1491.52 {
-2253.56 -725.824 -339.792 113.301
194.484
-6570.14
458.984
0.0457981
-0.0607516 0
0.0162783
0.0457981
-0.0607516 0
-0.00132
0.13802
-0.170921
-0.01289
0.0457981
0.13802
-0.170921
-0.170921
0.226728
0.0049443
-0.0607516
-0.170921
0.226728
-0.0128969 0
0.00494435
0.0092773
0.00494435
-0.00132483 0
-0.0128969 0
yz
z
-1858.91 zzzz
zz
72.3561
7037.42
-650.826 -7425.12 -270.037 -1601.86 848.507 zzzz
zz
8722.
-650.826 30399.1
-1560.14 -32551. 1792.93
-6570.16 zzzz
zz
-725.824 -7425.12 -1560.14 8410.61
2708.81
1268.13
-422.845 zzz
zz
-9375.16 -270.037 -32551. 2708.81
34988.6
-1712.95 6937.54 zzzz
zz
458.984
-1601.86 1792.93
1268.13
-1712.95 673.527
-538.963 zzzz
z
-1858.91 848.507
-6570.16 -422.845 6937.54
-538.963 1491.53 {
194.484
1989.55
418.039
-2253.62 -725.824 -339.793 113.301
2512.07
72.3561
8722.
-725.824 -9375.16 458.984
ij 0.108901 yz
z
jj
jj 0.0619801 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.214694 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.183627 zzz
zz
r i = jjj
z
jjj -0.406424 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -0.231313 zzz
zz
jj
jjj 0.0828285 zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -0.0142944 {
241
19705.6
jij
jj 4984.79
jj
jj
jj 4838.76
jj
jj
jj 812.726
j
k = jjj
jj -10835.6
jj
jj
jj -4512.01
jj
jj
jj -13708.8
jj
k -1285.5
rT = H 0
-10835.6 -4512.01 -13708.8 -1285.5 y

zz
81768.7
-2458.88 24561.5
-4512.02 -45242.4 1986.11
-61087.8 zzzz
zz
-2458.88 13556.8
-3212.35 -13708.7 1986.21
-4686.87 3685.02 zzzz
zz
24561.5
-3212.35 55192.4
-1285.38 -61082. 3685.01
-18672. zzzz
zz
-4512.02 -13708.7 -1285.38 17488.
4866.31
7056.28
931.092 zzz
zz
-45242.4 1986.21
-61082. 4866.31
72630.8
-2340.51 33693.5 zzzz
zz
1986.11
-4686.87 3685.01
7056.28
-2340.51 11339.3
-3330.61 zzzz
z
-61087.8 3685.02
-18672. 931.092
33693.5
-3330.61 46066.2 {
4984.79
0 0 0 0
4838.76
812.726
0 0 0L

19705.6
jij
jj 4984.79
jj
jj
jj 4838.76
jj
jj
jj 812.726
jj
jj
jj -10835.6
jj
jj
jj -4512.01
jj
jj
jj -13708.8
jj
k -1285.5
-10835.6 -4512.01 -13708.8 -1285.5 y i Du3 y i 0. y

zz jj
zz jj zz
81768.7
-2458.88 24561.5
-4512.02 -45242.4 1986.11
zz jj
zz jj zz
-2458.88 13556.8
-3212.35 -13708.7 1986.21
zz jj
zz jj zz
24561.5
-3212.35 55192.4
-1285.38 -61082. 3685.01
-18672. zzzz jjjj Dv5 zzzz jjjj 0. zzzz
zz jj
zz = jj zz
-4512.02 -13708.7 -1285.38 17488.
4866.31
7056.28
zz jj
zz jj zz
-45242.4 1986.21
-61082. 4866.31
72630.8
zz jj
zz jj zz
1986.11
-4686.87 3685.01
7056.28
-2340.51 11339.3
zj
z j z
-61087.8 3685.02
-18672. 931.092
33693.5
-3330.61 46066.2 { k Dv4 { k 0. {
4984.79
4838.76
812.726
5
jij
jj 6
jj
jj
jj 9
jj
jj
jj 10
j
jjj 11
jj
jjj 12
jj
jjj 7
jj
j
k8
ij @5, 5D
jj
jj @6, 5D
jj
jj
jj @9, 5D
jj
jj
jj @10, 5D
jj @11, 5D
jj
jj
jjj @12, 5D
jj
jj @7, 5D
jj
j
k @8, 5D
@5, 6D
@6, 6D
@9, 6D
@5, 9D
@5, 10D
@9, 9D
@9, 10D
@6, 9D
@6, 10D
@10, 6D @10, 9D @10, 10D
@11, 6D @11, 9D @11, 10D
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
zz
{
@5, 11D
@5, 12D
@9, 11D
@9, 12D
@6, 11D
@10, 11D
@11, 12D
@7, 11D
@7, 12D
@12, 11D
@8, 6D
@8, 11D
@7, 9D
@8, 9D
@7, 10D
@8, 10D
@10, 12D
@11, 11D
@12, 6D @12, 9D @12, 10D

@7, 6D
@6, 12D
@12, 12D
@8, 12D
@5, 7D
@5, 8D y
zz
@6, 8D zzzz
zz
@9, 7D @9, 8D zzzz
zz
@10, 7D @10, 8D zzzz
zz
@11, 7D @11, 8D zzz
zz
@12, 7D @12, 8D zzzz
zz
@7, 7D @7, 8D zzzz
z
@8, 7D @8, 8D {
@6, 7D
242
12689.8
jij
jj 4814.63
jj
jj
jj -9199.39
jj
jj
jj 2032.83
jj
jj
jj -7816.98
jj
jj
jj -4480.23
jj
jj
jj 4326.61
jj
jj
jj -2367.24
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
4814.63
-9199.39 2032.83
-7816.98 -4480.23 4326.61
-2367.24 0
7403.64
-1238.79 290.01
-4480.17 -4212.14 904.328
-3481.51 0
-1238.79 10056.7
290.01
-3250.86 2699.23
-3250.86 7496.73
791.922
-3556.59 3697.73
-2479.77 -4548.62 3697.8
0
0
-3238.12 0
-4480.17 2699.23
-2479.77 34023.8
9913.03
-22909.2 746.199
-4212.14 791.922
-4548.62 9913.03
90239.5
746.175
-22909.2 746.175
19769.8
-6692.8
-4686.87 3685
-60797.9 -6692.8
52495.9
3685.02
-18
13556.8
-32
904.328
-3556.59 3697.8
4838.76
812.
-60797.9 -2458.88 2456
-3481.51 3697.73
-3238.12 746.199
4838.76
-2458.88 -4686.87 3685.02
812.726
24561.5
3685.01
-18672.
-3212.35 5519
-10835.6 -4512.02 7056.28
931.092
-13708.7 -12
-4512.01 -45242.4 -2340.51 33693.5
1986.21
-61

ij 12689.8
jj
jj 4814.63
jj
jj
jjj -9199.39
jj
jj 2032.83
jj
jj
jj -7816.98
jj
jj
jj -4480.23
K T = jjjj
jj 4326.61
jj
jj
jj -2367.24
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
ij 0. yz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
j
zz;
RE = jjjj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -1. {
4814.63
-9199.39 2032.83
-7816.98 -4480.23 4326.61
-2367.24 0
7403.64
-1238.79 290.01
-4480.17 -4212.14 904.328
-3481.51 0
-1238.79 10056.7
290.01
-3250.86 2699.23
-3250.86 7496.73
791.922
-3556.59 3697.73
-2479.77 -4548.62 3697.8
-3238.12 0
-4480.17 2699.23
-2479.77 34023.8
9913.03
-22909.2 746.199
-4212.14 791.922
-4548.62 9913.03
90239.5
746.175
-22909.2 746.175
19769.8
-6692.8
-60797.9 -6692.8
52495.9
904.328
-3556.59 3697.8
-60797.9 -
-3481.51 3697.73
-3238.12 746.199
4838.76
-2458.88 -4686.87 3685.02
812.726
24561.5
3685.01
-18672.
-10835.6 -4512.02 7056.28
931.092
-4512.01 -45242.4 -2340.51 33693.5
ij 0.221441 yz
z
jj
jj -3.00782 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.236477 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 3.94484
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.0611095 zzz
z
jj
jj 0.0418766 zzz
zz
j
zz;
RI = jjjj
jj -0.0429142 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.0175473 zzz
zz
jjj
jj -0.0010432 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.0431563 zzz
zz
jjj
jj -0.002116 zzz
zzz
jjj
{
k -1.0396
ij -0.221441 yz
zz
jj
zz
jj 3.00782
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.236477 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -3.94484 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.0611095 zzz
zz
jj
jjj -0.0418766 zzz
zz
R = RE - RI = jjjj
z
jj 0.0429142 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.0175473 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 0.0010432 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj -0.0431563 zzz
zz
jjj
jj 0.002116 zzz
zzz
jjj
k 0.0395959 {
243
System of equations
12689.8
jij
jj 4814.63
jj
jj
jj -9199.39
jj
jj
jj 2032.83
jj
jj
jj -7816.98
jj
jj
jj -4480.23
jj
jj
jj 4326.61
jj
jj
jj -2367.24
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
jj
jj 0
jj
j
k0
4814.63
-9199.39 2032.83
-7816.98 -4480.23 4326.61
-2367.24 0
7403.64
-1238.79 290.01
-4480.17 -4212.14 904.328
-3481.51 0
-1238.79 10056.7
290.01
-3250.86 2699.23
-3250.86 7496.73
791.922
-3556.59 3697.73
-2479.77 -4548.62 3697.8
-3238.12 0
-4480.17 2699.23
-2479.77 34023.8
9913.03
-22909.2 746.199
-4212.14 791.922
-4548.62 9913.03
90239.5
746.175
-22909.2 746.175
4838.76
-60797.9 -2458.
19769.8
-6692.8
-4686.
-3481.51 3697.73
-3238.12 746.199
-60797.9 -6692.8
52495.9
3685.02
4838.76
-2458.88 -4686.87 3685.02
812.726
24561.5
3685.01
-18672.
-3212.
-10835.6 -4512.02 7056.28
931.092
-13708
-4512.01 -45242.4 -2340.51 33693.5
1986.21
904.328
-3556.59 3697.8

Node
dof
Value
Du1
Dv1
0
0
Du2
Dv2
0
0

13556.8
244
34023.8
jij
jj 9913.03
jj
jj
jj -22909.2
jj
jj
jj 746.199
jj
jj
jj 4838.76
jj
jj
jj 812.726
jj
jj
jj -10835.6
jj
k -4512.01
-10835.6 -4512.01 y
zz
90239.5
746.175
-60797.9 -2458.88 24561.5
-4512.02 -45242.4 zzzz
zz
746.175
19769.8
-6692.8 -4686.87 3685.01
7056.28
-2340.51 zzzz
zz
-60797.9 -6692.8 52495.9
3685.02
-18672. 931.092
33693.5 zzzz
zz
-2458.88 -4686.87 3685.02
13556.8
-3212.35 -13708.7 1986.21 zzz
zz
24561.5
3685.01
-18672. -3212.35 55192.4
-1285.38 -61082. zzzz
zz
-4512.02 7056.28
931.092
-13708.7 -1285.38 17488.
4866.31 zzzz
z
-45242.4 -2340.51 33693.5
1986.21
-61082. 4866.31
72630.8 {
9913.03
-22909.2 746.199
4838.76
812.726
Du
-0.0611095 y
jij 3 zyz jij
z
jj 3 zz jj
zz
z j
jj
z
jj 4 zz jj
zz
z j
jj
z
zz jj
jj
zz
zz = jj
jj
z
jj Du5 zz jj 0.0010432 zzz
zz jj
jj
zz
z j
jj
z
zz jj
jj
zz
jj 6 zz jj
zz
j
z j
z
Dv
0.0395959
k 6{ k
{
9Du3 = 6.18995 10-6 , Dv3 = -8.82096 10-6 , Du4 = 0.0000118247, Dv4 = 3.81438 10-6 ,
Du5 = 6.62093 10-6 , Dv5 = -0.0000498326, Du6 = 0.0000118227, Dv6 = -0.0000488354=

Du
Dv
0
-6
6.18995 10
-8.82096 10-6
0.0000118247
3.81438 10-6
6.62093 10-6
-0.0000498326
0.0000118227
-0.0000488354
245
Du
Dv
0.00128751
-0.00103326
0.00193114
0.00109351
0.00151194
-0.00774094
0.00246313
-0.00773134
Total nodal values

u
0.00128751
-0.00103326
0.00193114
0.00109351
0.00151194
-0.00774094
0.00246313
-0.00773134

0
jij
jj 5
jj
j 2
jj 5
jj 2
jj
k0
5s
5
x0 Hs,tL = +
4
4
0y
zz
z
0 zzzz
zz
zz
3 zzz
zz
z
4{
ts
s
7t
7
y0 Hs,tL = - - + +
4
4
4
4
ij 54
J = jjjj
t
1
k - 4 - 4
yz
zz
z
7
s z
4 - 4 {
35
5s
detJ = -
16
16
ij 0
jj
jj 0
jj 0.00128751
jj
k 0.00193114
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-0.00103326 zzzz
zz
0.00109351 {
246
0
jij
jj 5
jj
jj 2.50129
jj
j
k 0.00193114
zyz
zz
zz
zz
zz
2.99897 zzz
zz
4.00109 {
0
0
xII Hs,tL = -0.000160908 t s + 1.24984 s + 0.000804661t + 1.2508

yII Hs,tL = -0.250532 t s - 0.250532 s + 1.75002 t + 1.75002
i 1.24984 - 0.000160908 t 0.000804661 - 0.000160908 s yz

J II = jj
z
k -0.250532 t - 0.250532 1.75002 - 0.250532 s
{
detJ II = -0.313165 s - 0.0000799989 t + 2.18744
i -0.3125 s - 0.0000804243 t + 2.18742 0.00100583 - 0.000201135 s

2.18752 - 0.313165 s
k -0.000926698 t - 0.000926698
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 80.528692, 0.800777<

0.000897562 y
i 1.24993
zz
J II = jj
{
k -0.105887 1.89466
yz
z
{
detJ II = 2.36829
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL
0.31075
0
0.0892554 0
-0.0669002 0
-0.333106 0
jij
j
j
-0.207973 0
-0.0559158 0
0.0557263 0
0.20
= jj 0
jj
-0.207973
-0.333106
-0.0559158
0.31075
0.0557263
0.0892554
0.208163
-0.
k
0.000473813 y
i 0.999986
zz;
F IIp = jj
{
k -0.000165406 1.00017
Det@F IIp D = 1.00016
0.00030849 y
i 0.999972
zz
0.00030849
1.00034
k
{
i -0.0000143411 0.000154186 yz
z
0.000170125 {
k 0.000154186
i 0.54645
k 1.21102
1.21102 y
zz
1.9932 {
-0.140793 L
247
i 0.545358 1.21007 yz
z
k 1.21007 1.99307 {
r Ti = H -1.28435 -2.42117 0.302211 0.784057 0.344141 0.64875
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 80.529728, 2.98854<

0.000897562 yz
i 1.24975
J II = jj
z
-0.395176
1.89466
k
{
0.638
0.988362 L
detJ II = 2.3682
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<

B TL =
-0.150337 0
0.0669028
0
0.333119 0
-0.249685 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.20806 0
-0.0558003 0
0.0556107 0
0.208249 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
0.0556107 0.333119 0.208249
-0.249685 {
k -0.20806 -0.150337 -0.0558003 0.0669028
0.000473813 y
i 0.999946
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000617304 1.00017
{
Det@F IIp D = 1.00012
-0.000143377 y
i 0.999893
zz
-0.000143377
1.00034
{
k
i -0.0000533813 -0.0000718105 yz
z
k -0.0000718105 0.000170125 {
i 0.0736461 -0.562858 yz
z
k -0.562858 1.82972 {
-0.0912729 L
i 0.0741917 -0.563643 yz
z
k -0.563643 1.8285
{
r Ti =
H 0.313874 -0.876397 0.107553 -0.413686 -0.0200339 -0.253813 -0.401393 1.5439 L
248
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 81.97199, 0.678509<

0.000711761 y
i 1.24993
zz
J II = jj
{
k -0.105887 1.60537
detJ II = 2.00668
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
0.294667
0
0.10534
ij -0.321051 0
jj
jj 0
-0.0656758 0
-0.245767 0
jj
j
0.24559
k -0.0656758 -0.321051 -0.245767 0.294667
0.000443282 y
i 0.999983
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000195144 0.999818
{
0
0.24559
0.10534
0.0658531
Det@F IIp D = 0.999801
yz
z
0.0658531 zzzz
zz
-0.0789558 {
-0.0789558 0
0.000248061 y
i 0.999966
zz
{
k 0.000248061 0.999636
i -0.0000169165 0.000124083 yz
z
-0.000181687 {
k 0.000124083
i -0.972242 0.973957 zy
z
-2.26735 {
k 0.973957
i -0.97305 0.974877 yz
z
k 0.974877 -2.26759 {
r Ti = H 0.622573 -0.410861 -1.31917 2.11786
0.343125 -1.13952 0.35347
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 81.97281, 2.53223<

0.000711761 y
i 1.24975
J II = jj
zz
k -0.395176 1.60537
{
detJ II = 2.00659
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
-0.567479 L
249
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL =
-0.105344 0
0.00687462 0
0.393151 0
-0.294681 0
jij
zyz
jj 0
-0.0657714 0
-0.24564
0
0.245462 0
0.0659487 zzzz
jj
jj
zz
0.00687462 0.245462 0.393151 0.0659487 -0.294681 {
k -0.0657714 -0.105344 -0.24564
0.000443282 y
i 0.999937
zz;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000728286 0.999818
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.999755
-0.000285039 y
i 0.999874
zz
-0.000285039
0.999637
k
{
i -0.0000629378 -0.00014245 yz
z
-0.000181687 {
k -0.00014245
i -1.53024 -1.11917 zy
z
k -1.11917 -2.46012 {
i -1.52927 -1.11934 yz
z
k -1.11934 -2.46237 {
r Ti = H 0.58904
0.701655 0.663245 1.49663
-2.19833 -2.61861 0.946043 0.420323 L
r Ti = H 0.241136 -3.00677 -0.24616 3.98487
-1.5311 -3.3632 1.53612 2.3851 L
RTI = H 0.241136 -3.00677 -0.24616 3.98487

-1.5311 -3.3632 1.53612 2.3851 0 0
0 0L
250
5
jij 2
jj
jj 10
jj 10
jj
j
k0
3 zy
zz
z
3 zzzz
zz
4 zzz
zz
4{
5ts
35 s
5t
45
x0 Hs,tL = + - +
8
8
8
8
t
7
y0 Hs,tL = +
2
2
5t
35
ij
+
8
8
J = jjj
j0
k
5s
- 58 yz
8
zz
zz
12
{
5t
35
detJ = +
16
16
ij 0.00128751
jj
jj 0.00151194
jj 0.00246313
jj
k 0.00193114
ij 2.50129
jj
jj 10.0015
jjj 10.0025
jj
k 0.00193114
-0.00103326 y
zz
-0.00774094 zzzz
zz
-0.00773134 zzzz
z
0.00109351 {
2.99897 y
zz
2.99226 zzzz
zz
3.99227 zzzz
zz
4.00109 {
xII Hs,tL = 0.625077 t s + 4.37519 s - 0.624601 t + 5.6268
yII Hs,tL = -0.000529293 t s - 0.00388313 s + 0.500534 t + 3.49615
0.625077 s - 0.624601
i 0.625077 t + 4.37519
zyz
J II = jj
k -0.000529293 t - 0.00388313 0.500534 - 0.000529293 s {
detJ II = 0.000111499 s + 0.312542 t + 2.18751
0.000218202 s + 0.000297248 t + 0.00186253 zy

jij 0.312538 t + 2.18759
z
k -0.000264647 t - 0.00194157 0.0001113 s + 0.312503 t + 2.18741
{
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 83.66975, 3.20923<

-0.98549 y
i 4.0143
zz
J II = jj
k -0.00357754 0.50084 {
detJ II = 2.007
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
251
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
0.0982174
0
0.0265561 0
-0.0256648 0
ij -0.0991087 0
j
-0.982367 0
-0.0177107 0
0.263224 0
0
B TL = jjjj 0
jj
0.263224 0.0265561 0.736853
k -0.982367 -0.0991087 -0.0177107 0.0982174
0.00077971 y
i 1.00004
zz;
F IIp = jj
-0.000891232
0.999922
k
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.999959
-0.000111615 y
i 1.00007
zz
k -0.000111615 0.999845
{
-0.0000557122 y
i 0.0000364488
zz
k -0.0000557122 -0.0000775621 {
i 0.11158 -0.4382 yz
z
k -0.4382 -0.782171 {
i 0.112253 -0.4375 zy
z
k -0.4375 -0.783057 {
r Ti =
H 1.05223
2.03666
0.0469646 -0.0732221 -0.281943 -0.545722 -0.817248 -1.41772 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 8-0.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 82.53181, 3.78755<

-0.98549 y
i 4.73608
zz
J II = jj
k -0.00418872 0.50084 {
detJ II = 2.36789
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.394338, -0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338<
252
B TL
0.0221621 0
0.0835945 0
-0.0827101 0
-0.0230466 0
jij
j
j
= jj 0
-0.832701 0
-0.167363 0
0.375457 0
0.62
jj
-0.
k -0.832701 -0.0230466 -0.167363 0.0221621 0.375457 0.0835945 0.624606
0.000805842 yz
i 1.00005
z;
F IIp = jj
k -0.000884471 0.999935
{
Det@F IIp D = 0.999985
-0.0000787251 y
i 1.0001
zz
k -0.0000787251 0.999872
{
-0.0000392663 y
i 0.000049697
zz
k -0.0000392663 -0.0000642129 {
-0.309071 y
i 0.328281
zz
k -0.309071 -0.565085 {

-0.308327 y
i 0.328744
zz
k -0.308327 -0.5657 {
r Ti = H 0.739373 1.41385
0.17464
0.259654 -0.262247 -0.704458 -0.651766 -0.969043 L
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, -0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.30507, 3.2051<

-0.263713 y
i 4.0143
J II = jj
zz
k -0.00357754 0.500229 {
detJ II = 2.00712
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667, 0.0446582<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662, -0.105662<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<

B TL
0.0975765 0
0.0270368 0
-0.0261455 0
ij -0.0984677 0
jj
j
= jj 0
-0.263139 0
-0.736874 0
0.802568 0
0.19
jj
-0.263139
-0.0984677
-0.736874
0.0975765
0.802568
0.0270368
0.197445
-0.
k
0.000905244 y
i 1.00004
zz;
F IIp = jj
{
k -0.000891232 0.999986
Det@F IIp D = 1.00002
253
0.0000139679 yz
i 1.00007
z
k 0.0000139679 0.999973
{
i 0.0000364488
-6
k 7.02876 10
7.02876 10-6 yz
zz
z
-0.0000134267 {
i 0.383614 0.0548364 yz
z
k 0.0548364 -0.00819444 {

i 0.383491 0.0551849 yz
z
k 0.0551849 -0.00809669 {
r Ti = H -0.130971 -0.00813712 -0.00746583 0.0285736 0.136437 -0.0127802 0.00200046 -
Solution at 8s, t< = 80.57735, 0.57735< 8x, y< = 88.00056, 3.78271<

-0.263713 y
i 4.73608
zz
J II = jj
k -0.00418872 0.500229 {
detJ II = 2.36802
8N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 < = 80.0446582, 0.166667, 0.622008, 0.166667<
8N1 s, N2 s, N3 s, N4 s< = 8-0.105662, 0.105662, 0.394338, -0.394338<
8N1 t, N2 t, N3 t, N4 t< = 8-0.105662, -0.394338, 0.394338, 0.105662<
0.021623
0
0.0839989 0
-0.0831144 0
ij -0.0225074 0
j
B TL = jjjj 0
-0.223094 0
-0.776916 0
0.832598 0
0.16
jj
0.832598 0.0839989 0.167412
-0.
k -0.223094 -0.0225074 -0.776916 0.021623
0.000912247 y
i 1.00005
zz;
F IIp = jj
-0.000884471
0.99999
k
{
Det@F IIp D = 1.00004
0.0000277221 y
i 1.0001
zz
{
k 0.0000277221 0.99998
i 0.000049697 0.0000139146
Green-Lagrange strain tensor, e = jjj
-6
k 0.0000139146 -9.84878 10
i 0.558862 0.108833 yz
z
k 0.108833 0.0909341 {
zyz
z
{
254
Principal stresses = H 0.582937 0.0668598 L

i 0.558618 0.109242 yz
z
k 0.109242 0.0911304 {
r Ti =
H -0.1091 -0.0672987 -0.214507 -0.20215 0.407165 0.251162 -0.0835585 0.0182862 L
r Ti =
H 1.55153
3.37507
-0.000368144 0.0128562 -0.000588578 -1.0118 -1.55057 -2.37613 L
RTI = H 0.241136 -3.00677 -0.24616 3.98487
0.0204331 0.011878 -0.0144529 0.00896964 -0.0003

yz
ij 0.241136
zz
jj
zz
jj -3.00677
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj -0.24616
zz
jj
zz
jj 3.98487
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.0204331
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.011878
zz
j
zz;
RI = jjj
jj -0.0144529 zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0.00896964 zzz
z
jj
jj -0.000368144 zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jj 0.0128562
zzz
jjj
zz
jj
jjj -0.000588578 zzz
z
j
{
k -1.0118
ij 0. yz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
zz
jj
jjj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
j
RE = jjj
z
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
jj
jj 0. zzz
zz
jj
z
j
k -1. {

ij 0.0204331
yz
jj
zz
jj 0.011878
zz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj -0.0144529 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0.00896964 zzz
j
zz;
RI = jj
jj -0.000368144 zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj 0.0128562
zzz
jj
zz
jjj -0.000588578 zzz
jj
zz
k -1.0118
{
ij 0. yz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
j
zz;
RE = jj
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj 0. zzz
jj
z
jj 0. zzz
jj
zz
j
z
k -1. {
ij -0.0204331 yz
jj
z
jj -0.011878 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj 0.0144529 zzz
jj
zz
jj
z
jj -0.00896964 zzz
j
zz
R = RE - RI = jj
jj 0.000368144 zzz
jj
zz
jj
zz
jjj -0.0128562 zzz
jj
zz
jjj 0.000588578 zzz
jj
zz
k 0.0117983 {
255
RE = 1.;
R = 0.0339544

PRINT U
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
2.0000
SUBSTEP=
LOAD CASE=
NODE
UX
UY
UZ
USUM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.12891E-02-0.10366E-02
0.0000
0.16541E-02
0.19347E-02 0.10938E-02
0.0000
0.22225E-02
0.15135E-02-0.77565E-02
0.0000
0.79028E-02
0.24662E-02-0.77464E-02
0.0000
0.81295E-02

NODE
VALUE
PRINT S
0.24662E-02-0.77565E-02
0
0.0000
6
0.81295E-02
256
LOAD STEP=
TIME=
SUBSTEP=
2.0000
LOAD CASE=

ELEMENT=
NODE
1
PLANE182
SX
SY
SZ
0.54467
1.9912
2 -0.97708
3
-1.5389
0.68717E-01
ELEMENT=
NODE
SYZ
SXZ
1.2130
0.0000
0.0000
-2.2776
-0.90949E-12 0.97497
0.0000
0.0000
-2.4717
-0.18190E-11 -1.1223
0.0000
0.0000
1.8266
-0.18190E-11-0.56424
0.0000
0.0000
-0.27285E-11
SXY
PLANE182
SX
SY
SZ
SXY
SYZ
SXZ
0.32729
-0.56670
-0.13642E-11-0.30821
0.0000
0.0000
0.11054
-0.78491
0.27285E-11-0.43730
0.0000
0.0000
0.38467
-0.49327E-02 0.90949E-12 0.54555E-01
0.0000
0.0000
0.55965
0.0000
0.0000
0.94391E-01-0.45475E-12 0.10869
AnsysFiles\Chap09\Prb9-4Data2Elem.txt
!*Problem 9.4
!* Two element model
257
PREP7
!* Element type
!*
ET,1,PLANE182
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,3,3
KEYOPT,1,6,0
KEYOPT,1,10,0
!*
R,1,1.25
*set, e, 10600
*set, nu, 0.35
*set, d, 2k
*set, P, 1
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
TB,HYPE,1,1,2,NEO
TBTEMP,0
TBDATA,,mu,d,,,,
!*
k,1,0,0
k,2,52,0
k,3,52, 3
k,4,10, 3
k,5,10, 4
k,6,0, 4
A,1,2,3,6
A,3,4,5,6
ESIZE,100
AMESH,ALL
SOLU
DL,1, ,ALL
ANTYPE,0
NLGEOM,1
258
ARCLEN,1,1,0.0001
NCNV,2,0,0,0,0
ERESX,NO
OUTRES,ERASE
OUTRES,ALL,1
AUTOTS,-1.0
!* First load step
!* No applied load
LSWRITE,1,
FK,5,FY,-P
LSWRITE,2,
LSSOLVE,1,2,1
FINISH
!* Postprocessing
POST1
SET,LAST
PRNSOL,UX
Deformed shape for load =1000 lb
259
vonMises stresses for load =1000 lb
260
Deformed shape for load =10,000 lb
261
vonMises stresses for load =10,000 lb
262
AnsysFiles\Chap09\Prb9-4DataMesh.txt
!*Problem 9.4
PREP7
!* Element type
!*
ET,1,PLANE182
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,3,3
KEYOPT,1,6,0
KEYOPT,1,10,0
!*
R,1,1.25
*set, e, 10600
*set, nu, 0.35
*set, d, 2k
*set, P, 1
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
TB,HYPE,1,1,2,NEO
TBTEMP,0
TBDATA,,mu,d,,,,
!*
k,1,0,0
k,2,52,0
k,3,52, 3
k,4,10, 3
k,5,10, 4
k,6,0, 4
k,7,9, 4
263
LSTR,1,2
LSTR,2,3
LSTR,3,4
LFILLT,2,3,14, ,
LSTR,4,5
LSTR,5,7
LSTR,7,6
LSTR,6,1
AL,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8
ESIZE,18
MSHKEY,0
AMESH,ALL
SOLU
DL,1, ,ALL
ANTYPE,0
NLGEOM,1
ARCLEN,1,1,0.0001
NCNV,2,0,0,0,0
ERESX,NO
OUTRES,ERASE
OUTRES,ALL,1
AUTOTS,-1.0
!* First load step
!* No applied load
LSWRITE,1,
SFL,6,PRES,P1.25,
LSWRITE,2,
!* Apply large load
!* to see the large disp effects
SFL,6,PRES,10*P1.25,
LSWRITE,3,
LSSOLVE,1,3,1
FINISH
!* Postprocessing
264
POST1
SET,LAST
PRNSOL,UX
9.5
Side view of a pry bar is shown in Figure 9.18. The cross section of the bar is rectangular with thickness =
1/2 in and width (perpendicular to the plane of paper) = 0.75 in. The other dimensions (in inches) are
shown in the figure. Assume a compressible neo-Hookean material with E = 29 106 psi and n = 0.3. A
load of P = 200 lb is applied at the center of the handle.
30
15.3564
6
5.40192
r=3
120
Figure 9.18.
Pry bar
(a) Taking large displacements into consideration and using a frame model (for example BEAM3 element
in Ansys) determine maximum deflection and stress in the bar.
(b) Using a plane stress model determine maximum deflection and von Mises stress in the bar. To avoid
stress concentration assume the load to be uniformly distributed over a 3 in length.
Deformed shape
265
Maximum stress
AnsysFiles\Chap09\Prb9-5BeamModel.txt
266
!* Problem 9-5
!* Pry bar - Beam Model
!* Use k-in units
PREP7
ET,1,BEAM3
R,1,0.75*.5,0.75*H.5**3L12,0.5,0,0,0,
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,29000
*set,t,12
*set,a,6
*set,r,3+t2
*set,b,16
*set,p,3.141596
*set,xc, 15.3564
*set,yc,5.40192-t2
k,1,-a, 0
k,2,-a2, 0
k,3,0,0
k,4,xc-r*sinHpL, -yc-r*cosHpL
k,5,xc+r,-yc
k,6,xc+r,0
k,7, xc, -yc
L,1,2
L,2,3
L,3,4
LARC,4,5,7,r,
L,5,6
ESIZE,1,0,
LMESH,ALL
DK,6, , , ,0,UX,UY, , , , ,
DK,5, , , ,0,UX, , , , , ,
FK,2,FY,-0.2
SOLU
FINISH
NLGEOM,1
SOLVE
FINISH
267
POST1
ETABLE,smaxI,NMISC, 1
ETABLE,smaxJ,SMISC,3
PRETAB,SMAXI,SMAXJ
Deformed shape
vonMises stresses
268
The simple beam element model results compare very well with those from the plane stress model. With
the small displacement assumption we get the following deformed shape.
269
AnsysFiles\Chap09\Prb9-5PlaneStressModel.txt
!* Problem 9-5
!* Pry bar
!* Use k-in units
PREP7
*set,a,6
*set,r,3
*set,b,16
*set,t,0.5
*set,p,H227L6
*set,xc, b*cosHpL + r*sinHpL
*set,yc,-b*sinHpL + r*cosHpL
k,1,-a, 0
k,2,0, 0
k,3,b*cosHpL, -b*sinHpL
k,4, xc+r, yc
270
k,5,xc+r,0
k,6,-a, -t
k,7,0, -t
k,8,xc - Hr + tL*sinHpL, yc - Hr + tL*cosHpL

k,9,xc+r+t, yc
k,10,xc+r+t,0
k,11,-1.5,0
k,12,-4.5,0
k,13,xc,yc
l,6,7
l,7,8
LARC,8,9,13,r+t,
l,9,10
l,10,5
l,5,4
LARC,3,4,13,r
l,3,2
l,2,11
l,11,12
l,12,1
l,1,6
FLST,2,12,4
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,2
FITEM,2,3
FITEM,2,4
FITEM,2,5
FITEM,2,6
FITEM,2,7
FITEM,2,8
FITEM,2,9
FITEM,2,10
FITEM,2,11
FITEM,2,12
AL,P51X
ET,1,PLANE42
KEYOPT,1,3,3
R,1,0.75,
271
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,29000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.3
ESIZE,t2
LESIZE,3,t4, , , , , , ,1
LESIZE,7,t4, , , , , , ,1
AMESH,1
SOLU
FINISH
DK,10, , , ,0,ALL, , , , , ,
DK,9, , , ,0,UX, , , , , ,
SFL,10,PRES,0.200H3*0.75L,
NLGEOM,1
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
PLESOL,S,EQV,0,1
NSORT,U,X
*GET,maxUx,SORT, ,MAX
NSORT,U,Y
*GET,maxUy,SORT, ,MAX
NSORT,S,EQV
*GET,maxSEQV,SORT, ,MAX
9.6
Compute linearized buckling load for the three bar truss shown in Figure 9.19. All members have the same
cross-sectional area and are of the same material, A = 0.001 m2 and E = 200 GPa. The dimensions in meters
are shown in the figure.
272
P
3
-4
HmL
Figure 9.19.
e = 200 10^3; A = 0.001 * 10002 ; P = 1000.;

n1 = 80, 3<; n2 = 8-4, 0<; n3 = 80, 0<; n4 = 84, 0<; mat = 88e, A<<;
conn = 881, 2<, 81, 3<, 81, 4<<;
lm = 881, 2, 3, 4<, 81, 2, 5, 6<, 81, 2, 7, 8<<;
nodes = 1000 8n1, n2, n3, n4< N;
m = 3; n = 8;
R = Table@0, 8n<D; R@@2DD = -P;
K = Table@0, 8n<, 8n<D;
Do@k = PlaneTrussElement@e, A, nodes@@conn@@iDDDDD;
K@@lm@@iDD, lm@@iDDDD += k, 8i, 1, m<D;
debc = 83, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8<;

ebcVals = Table@0, 86<D;
df = Complement@Range@nD, debcD;
Kf = K@@df, dfDD
ij 51200. 0.
yz
j
z
95466.7 {
k 0.

80., -1000.<
273
80., -0.0104749<
d = Table@0, 8n<D;
d@@dfDD = dfVals;
d
80., -0.0104749, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0<
The axial force for each element can now be computed as follows.
axlForce = Table@PlaneTrussAxialForce@e, A, nodes@@conn@@iDDDD, d@@lm@@iDDDDD, 8i, 1, m<D

8-251.397, -698.324, -251.397<
Now we can compute the stress stiffness matrix for each element and assemble it as usual to form the
global stress stiffness matrix.
KS = Table@0, 8n<, 8n<D;
Do@ks = PlaneTrussStressMatrix@axlForce@@iDD, nodes@@conn@@iDDDDD;
KS@@lm@@iDD, lm@@iDDDD += ks, 8i, 1, m<D;
KSf = KS@@df, dfDD
yz
ij -0.333333 0
z
j
-0.333333 {
k0
To compute the buckling load factor we find roots of the following equation.
Clear@lD;
sol = NSolve@Det@Kf + l KSfD 0, lD
88l 153600.<, 8l 286400.<<
ev=Eigenvalues[{Kf, -KSf}]
8286400., 153600.<
The first positive root corresponds to the lowest buckling load factor. Thus according to this analysis the
truss will buckle at the following load (kN).
Min@evD * P 1000
274
153600.
STAT
CURRENT
ELEM
AXIALF
-251.40
-698.32
-251.40
MINIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
2
-698.32
MAXIMUM VALUES
ELEM
VALUE
*****
SET
1
-251.40
INDEX OF DATA SETS ON RESULTS FILE
TIME/FREQ
1 0.19035E+06
LOAD STEP
1
!* Problem 9-6
PREP7
SUBSTEP
1
*****
CUMULATIVE
1
275
!*
ET,1,LINK1
!*
R,1,1000, ,
!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,200000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,
N,1,,3000,,,,,
N,2,-4000,0,,,,,
N,3,0,0,,,,,
N,4,4000,0,,,,,
FLST,2,2,1
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,2
E,P51X
FLST,2,2,1
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,3
E,P51X
FLST,2,2,1
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,4
E,P51X
FLST,2,3,1,ORDE,2
FITEM,2,2
FITEM,2,-4
!*
GO
D,P51X, , , , , ,ALL, , , , ,
FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,1
!*
GO
F,P51X,FY,-1000
FINISH
276
SOL
!*
!*
STATUS,SOLU
PSTRES,1
SOLVE
SOLUTION
FINISH
ANTYPE,1
BUCOPT,SUBSP,1,0,0
STATUS,SOLU
SUBOPT,2,0,0,0,0,ALL
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
SET,LIST
PRNSOL,U,COMP
AVPRIN,0, ,
ETABLE,AxialF,SMISC, 1
PRETAB,AXIALF
CHAPTER TEN
Contact Problems
10.1
Two cantilever beams, separated by a gap, are loaded as shown in Figure 10.15. Determine the force at the
contact point using the simple normal contact constraint. Assume E = 200 GPa.
3N
I = 4 mm4
I = 8 mm4
150 mm
Figure 10.15.
Two beams with a gap
2 mm
Contact Problems
Use N-mm units.

Assume lower beam is the target and the upper beam a contactor. The gap is represented as follows.
g = v2 - Hv4 - 2L
With e = 0.0001 and normal force denoted by Fn the corresponding normal constraint function is as follows.
1
1
HFn + v2 - v4 + 2L - $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
H-Fn + v2 - v4 + 2L2 - 0.0001%
2
4
v1 =0
v2
q1 =0
q2
q3 =0
q4
Fn
v3 =0
v4
Using the standard two node beam element equations, after removing the rows and columns corresponding to the zero boundary conditions, the system of element equations is as follows.
Top beam:
128
ij

jj 45
jj 640
k - 3
640
-
yi v2
3 z
zzjj
z
64000 zk q
{ 2
3
yz ij Fn - 3
z=j
{ k0
yz
z
{
Lower beam:
256
ij
jj 45
jj 1280
k -
3
1280
-
yzi v4 y i -Fn y
3
zzjj zz = jj
zz
z
128000 zk q {
k0 {
{ 4
3
Combining these equations with the constraint function the complete system of equations is as follows.
128 v2
640 q2
-
n Fn - 3
45
3
64000 q2
640 v2
-
n 0
3
3
256 v4
1280 q4
-
n -Fn
45
3
128000 q4
1280 v4
-
n 0
3
3
12 HFn + v2 - v4 + 2L - "#######################################################################
41 H-Fn + v2 - v4 + 2L2 - 0.0001 n 0
This nonlinear system of equations can be solved using the Newton-Raphson method. The solution is as
follows.
88v2 -2.73965, q2 -0.0273965, v4 -0.739552, q4 -0.00739552, Fn 1.05181<<
10.2
Using the simple normal contact constraint determine reaction at the middle support for the beam shown
in Figure 10.16. Assume E = 200 GPa.
I = 16.610-6 m4
30 kNm
Gap = 3.75 mm
4m
Figure 10.16.
2m
Beam with an initial gap at the middle support
v1
q1
v2
1
q2
2
Fn
Use N-mm units.
v3
q3
Contact Problems
The gap condition is represented as follows.

g = v2 + 3.75
With e = 0.0001 and normal force denoted by Fn the corresponding normal constraint function is as follows.
1
1
H-Fn + v2 + 3.75L2 - 0.0001
HFn + v2 + 3.75L - $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
4
2
Using the standard two node beam element equations, and removing the equations corresponding to zero
boundary conditions, the system of equations is as follows.
ij 3.32 109
jj
jj
jj -1.245 106
jj
jjj
jj 1.66 109
jj
j
k0
-1.245 106
1.66 109
yzi q1
zzjj
z
4.98 10 zzzzjjjj v2
zzjjj
z
3.32 109 zzzjjjj q2
zzz
6.64 109 {k q3
0
5602.5
3.735 10
3.735 106
9.96 109
4.98 106
3.32 109
yz
yz ij 0
zz
zz jj
zz
zz jj Fn
zz
zz = jj
zz
zz jj
zz
zzz jjj 0
zz
z j
30000000
{
{ k
Combining these equations with the constraint function the complete system of equations is as follows.
-1.245 106 v2 + 3.32 109 q1 + 1.66 109 q2 n 0

5602.5 v2 - 1.245 106 q1 + 3.735 106 q2 + 4.98 106 q3 n Fn
3.735 106 v2 + 1.66 109 q1 + 9.96 109 q2 + 3.32 109 q3 n 0
4.98 106 v2 + 3.32 109 q2 + 6.64 109 q3 n 30000000
12 HFn + v2 + 3.75L - "###################################################################

14 H-Fn + v2 + 3.75L2 - 0.0001 n 0
This nonlinear system of equations can be solved using the Newton-Raphson method. The solution is as
follows.
88q1 -0.000870984, v2 -3.75, q2 -0.00107053, q3 0.00786584, Fn 15248.4<<
10.3
Consider two elements that are in potential contact, as shown in Figure 10.17. For a point located at the
center of the contactor segment 5-6, determine its contact point on the target line. Also compute the signed
gap distance.
y
3.5
7
2.5
8
2
Contactor
1.5
1 4
Target
0.5
Figure 10.17.
2
x
0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2
Two elements in potential contact
Contact Problems
1.5
1.5
0.5
1.5
1.8077
2.255
1.3127
3.11237
0.005
2.35737
Target coordinates
tCoords = 880, 0<, 81.5, 0<, 81.5, 1<, 80, 1<<
ij 0
jj
jj 1.5
jj
jj
jj 1.5
jj
k0
0y
zz
0 zzzz
zz
1 zzzz
z
1{
Contactor coordinates
o = 8.5, 1.5<; a = 1.51; b = 0.99; c = Sqrt@a^2 + b^2D;

t1 = 30 p 180; t2 = t1 + ArcTan@b aD;
cCoords = 8o, o + a 8Cos@t1D, Sin@t1D<, o + c 8Cos@t2D, Sin@t2D<, o + b 8-Sin@t1D, Cos@t1D<<
0.5
jij
jj 1.8077
jj
jj
jj 1.3127
jj
j
k 0.005
zyz
zz
zz
zz
3.11237 zzzz
z
2.35737 {
1.5
2.255
The interpolation functions for mapping these elements to master 2 2 elements are as follows.
Clear[s,t,a];
shp = {(1/4)*(1-s)*(1-t), (1/4)*(s+1)*(1-t), (1/4)*(s+1)*(t+1), (1/4)*(1-s)*(t+1)}
1
1
1
1
: H1 - s L H1 - tL, Hs + 1L H1 - tL, Hs + 1L Ht + 1L, H1 - s L Ht + 1L>
4
4
4
4
Multiplying these interpolation functions by the nodal coordinates, the mapping for the contactor element
is as follows.
cMap = Expand[shp.cCoords]//Chop; N[cMap]
80.653849 s - 0.2475 t + 0.906349, 0.3775 s + 0.428683 t + 2.30618<
For the contactor side of the element (side 5 - 6) t = -1 and s = a. The mapping for this side is therefore as
follows.
contMap = cMap/.{s -> a,t -> -1}; N[contMap]
80.653849 a + 1.15385, 0.3775 a + 1.8775<
By differentiating these the unit normal vector to the contactor side can now be computed as follows.
dcontMap = D[contMap,a]; N[dcontMap]
80.653849, 0.3775<
Jc = Sqrt[Expand[dcontMap.dcontMap]]; Chop[N[Jc]]
0.755
contactNormal = {dcontMap[[2]], -dcontMap[[1]]}/Jc; Chop[N[contactNormal]]
80.5, -0.866025<
For the target side of the element (side 3 - 4) t = 1 and s = -a. The mapping for this side is therefore as
follows.
tMap = Expand[shp.tCoords]//Chop; N[tMap]
80.75 s + 0.75, 0.5 t + 0.5<
targetMap = tMap/.{s -> -a,t -> 1}; N[targetMap]

80.75 - 0.75 a, 1.<
dtargetMap = D[targetMap,a]; N[dtargetMap]

8-0.75, 0.<
Jc = Sqrt[Expand[dtargetMap.dtargetMap]]; Chop[N[Jc]]
Contact Problems
0.75
targetNormal = {dtargetMap[[2]], -dtargetMap[[1]]}/Jc; Chop[N[targetNormal]]
80, 1.<
The gap between any generic point Hx, yL on the contactor surface and the target surface can be computed
by finding minimum distance between the contactor point and the target surface.
Min b2 = Min AHxt HaL - xL + Hy t HaL - yL E
2
-1a1
-1a1
where xt HaL and y t HaL is the mapping of the target side.

Consider finding the gap between node 5 (contactor node 1) and the target surface. Substituting the
coordinates of node 5 the square of distance between this point and the target surface is
pt=cCoords[[1]];dist=targetMap - pt;
dist=Apply[Plus,Map[#^2&,targetMap - pt]]; N[dist]
H0.25 - 0.75 aL2 + 0.25
At the minimum point the derivative of b with respect to a must be zero, giving us the following equation
for calculating a corresponding to the minimum point.
eqn=Chop[D[dist,a]]; sol=NSolve[eqn==0,a]
88a 0.333333<<
Substituting this value of a into the target mapping the coordinates of the point closest to node 5 on the
target surface are as follows.
cpt = targetMap/.sol[[1]]
80.5, 1<
tnp = targetNormal/.sol[[1]]
80, 1.<
cnp = contactNormal/.sol[[1]]
80.5, -0.866025<
Using the normal vector from the target surface we can define the gap (signed distance) as follows.
gap=(pt-cpt).tnp
0.5
The computed gap agrees with what can easily be observed the Figure 10.17.
10.4
Consider two elements that are in potential contact, as shown in Figure 10.18. Using the procedure discussed in this chapter show that the node 5 is in potential contact with node 8.
30
20 1
Target, T
6
Contactor, C
7
12
10
0
11
-10
-20
10
-30 3
4
30 40
Figure 10.18.
50
60
70
9
80 90
Two elements in potential contact
Node
Node
24.7487
24.7487
84.6447
35.3553
35.
0.
70.
0.
24.7487 -24.7487
84.6447 -35.3553
35.3553 -35.3553
10
95.2513 -24.7487
50.
0.
11
85.
0.
35.3553
35.3553
12
95.2513
24.7487
10
Contact Problems
ri = 35; ro = 50; rm = Hri + roL 2 N;

8a, b< = 8-Pi 4, Pi 4<;
cCoords = Join@Reverse@CircularArc@ri, a, b, 3DD, CircularArc@ro, a, b, 3DD N
ij 24.7487
jj
jj 35.
jj
jj
jjj 24.7487
jj
jj 35.3553
jj
jj
jj 50.
jj
j
k 35.3553
yz
zz
zz
zz
z
-24.7487 zzzz
zz
-35.3553 zzzz
zz
zz
0.
zz
z
35.3553 {
24.7487
0.
8a, b< = 83 Pi 4, 5 Pi 4<;

pts2 = Join@CircularArc@ro, a, b, 3D, Reverse@CircularArc@ri, a, b, 3DDD N;
c2 = Join@Reverse@CircularArc@ro, a, b, 15DD, CircularArc@ri, a, b, 15DD;
c2 = Map@# + 8120, 0< &, c2D;
tCoords = Map@# + 8120, 0< &, pts2D
84.6447
jij
jj 70.
jj
jj
jj 84.6447
jj
jj
jj 95.2513
jj
jj
jj 85.
jj
j
k 95.2513
zyz
zz
zz
zz
-35.3553 zzzz
zz
-24.7487 zzzz
zz
zz
0.
zz
z
24.7487 {
35.3553
0.
The six interpolation functions for mapping these elements to master 2 2 elements are as follows.
Clear[s,t,a];
shp = {((-1+s)*s*(1-t))/4, -((-1+s)*(1+s)*(1-t))/2, (s*(1+s)*(1-t))/4, (s*(1+s)*(1+t))/4, -((-1+s)*(1+s)*(1+t))/2,
((-1+s)*s*(1+t))/4}
1
1
1
: Hs - 1L s H1 - tL, - Hs - 1L Hs + 1L H1 - tL, s Hs + 1L H1 - tL,
4
2
4
1
1
1
s Hs + 1L Ht + 1L, - Hs - 1L Hs + 1L Ht + 1L, Hs - 1L s Ht + 1L>
4
2
4
Multiplying these interpolation functions by the nodal coordinates, the mapping for the contactor element
is as follows.
cMap = Expand[shp.cCoords]//Chop; N[cMap]
9-2.1967 t s 2 - 12.448 s 2 + 7.5 t + 42.5, -5.3033 t s - 30.052 s =
11
For the contactor side of the element (side 4 - 5 - 6) t = 1 and s = -a. The mapping for this side is therefore
as follows.
contMap = cMap/.{s -> -a,t -> 1}; N[contMap]
950. - 14.6447 a 2 , 35.3553 a=
By differentiating these the unit normal vector to the contactor side can now be computed as follows.
dcontMap = D[contMap,a]; N[dcontMap]
8-29.2893 a, 35.3553<
Jc = Sqrt[Expand[dcontMap.dcontMap]]; Chop[N[Jc]]
"#########################################
#
857.864 a 2 + 1250.
contactNormal = {dcontMap[[2]], -dcontMap[[1]]}/Jc; Chop[N[contactNormal]]

35.3553
29.2893 a
>
:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2
857.864 a + 1250.
857.864 a 2 + 1250.
For the target side of the element (side 7 - 8 - 9) t = -1 and s = a. The mapping for this side is therefore as
follows.
tMap = Expand[shp.tCoords]//Chop; N[tMap]
9-2.1967 t s 2 + 12.448 s 2 + 7.5 t + 77.5, 5.3033 s t - 30.052 s =
targetMap = tMap/.{s -> a,t -> -1}; N[targetMap]

914.6447 a 2 + 70., -35.3553 a=
dtargetMap = D[targetMap,a]; N[dtargetMap]

829.2893 a, -35.3553<
Jc = Sqrt[Expand[dtargetMap.dtargetMap]]; Chop[N[Jc]]
"#########################################
#
857.864 a 2 + 1250.
targetNormal = {dtargetMap[[2]], -dtargetMap[[1]]}/Jc; Chop[N[targetNormal]]
12
Contact Problems
35.3553
29.2893 a
:-
, -
>
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
857.864 a 2 + 1250.
857.864 a 2 + 1250.
The gap between any generic point Hx, yL on the contactor surface and the target surface can be computed
by finding minimum distance between the contactor point and the target surface.
Min b2 = Min AHxt HaL - xL + Hy t HaL - yL E
2
-1a1
-1a1
where xt HaL and y t HaL is the mapping of the target side.

We need to find the gap between node 5 and the target surface. Substituting the coordinates of node 5 the
square of distance between this point and the target surface is
pt=cCoords[[5]];dist=targetMap - pt;
dist=Apply[Plus,Map[#^2&,targetMap - pt]]//Chop; N[dist]
1250. a 2 + I14.6447 a 2 + 20.M
At the minimum point the derivative of b with respect to a must be zero, giving us the following equation
for calculating a corresponding to the minimum point.
eqn=Chop[D[dist,a]]; sol=NSolve[eqn==0,a]
88a 0.<, 8a 0. - 2.06879 <, 8a 0. + 2.06879 <<
Substituting this value of a into the target mapping the coordinates of the point closest to node 5 on the
target surface are as follows.
cpt = targetMap/.sol[[1]]
870., 0.<
tnp = targetNormal/.sol[[1]]
8-1., 0.<
cnp = contactNormal/.sol[[1]]
81., 0.<
Using the normal vector from the target surface we can define the gap (signed distance) as follows.
gap=(pt-cpt).tnp
13
20.
The calculations clearly show what can easily be observed from the Figure 10.18.
10.5
Use a commercial finite element program to analyze two cantilever beams with a small gap as shown in
Figure 10.19. Neglect friction along the contacting surfaces. Assume E = 200 GPa and n = 0.2. The beam
depths are shown in the figure. Both beams are 1 mm thick.
3N
d = 3 mm
d = 6 mm
150 mm
Figure 10.19.
Deformed shape
Two beams with a gap
2 mm
14
Contact Problems
Von Mises Stresses
Data file
*SET,L,1000
*SET,H,100
*SET,g,10
*SET,p,50000
*SET,e,200000
*SET,nu,0.1
*SET,t,1
PREP7
!*
ET,1,PLANE42
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,2,0
KEYOPT,1,3,3
15
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
R,1,t
!!*
!*
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,e
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,nu
K,1,,,,
K,2,l,,,
K,3,l,h,,
K,4,0,h,,
K,5,0,h+g,,
K,6,l,h+g,,
K,7,l,h+g+h,,
K,8,0,h+g+h,,
A,1,2,3,4
A,5,6,7,8
DL,4, ,ALL,
DL,8, ,ALL,
FK,7,FY,-p
ESIZE,h2,0,
MSHKEY,1
AMESH,ALL
!*
!*
! COM, CONTACT PAIR CREATION - START

CM,_NODECM,NODE
CM,_ELEMCM,ELEM
CM,_KPCM,KP
CM,_LINECM,LINE
CM,_AREACM,AREA
! GSAV,cwz,gsav,,temp
CM,_VOLUCM,VOLU
MP,MU,1,
MAT,1
R,3
16
Contact Problems
REAL,3
ET,2,169
ET,3,175
KEYOPT,3,9,0
KEYOPT,3,10,1
R,3,
RMORE,
RMORE,,0
RMORE,0
! Generate the target surface
LSEL,S,,,3
CM,_TARGET,LINE
TYPE,2
NSLL,S,1
ESLN,S,0
ESURF
CMSEL,S,_ELEMCM
! Generate the contact surface
LSEL,S,,,5
CM,_CONTACT,LINE
TYPE,3
NSLL,S,1
ESLN,S,0
ESURF
ALLSEL
ESEL,ALL
ESEL,S,TYPE,,2
ESEL,A,TYPE,,3
! PSYMB,ESYS,1
ESEL,R,REAL,,3
! PNUM,TYPE,1
! NUM,1
! EPLOT
ESEL,ALL
ESEL,S,TYPE,,2
ESEL,A,TYPE,,3
ESEL,R,REAL,,3
CMSEL,A,_NODECM
17
CMDEL,_NODECM
CMSEL,A,_ELEMCM
CMDEL,_ELEMCM
CMSEL,S,_KPCM
CMDEL,_KPCM
CMSEL,S,_LINECM
CMDEL,_LINECM
CMSEL,S,_AREACM
CMDEL,_AREACM
CMSEL,S,_VOLUCM
! GRES,cwz,gsav
CMDEL,_VOLUCM
CMDEL,_TARGET
! COM, CONTACT PAIR CREATION - END
CMDEL,_CONTACT
! MREP,EPLOT
!
SOL
FINISH
ANTYPE,0
NLGEOM,1
STATUS,SOLU
NSUBST,100,0,0
SOLVE
POST1
FINISH
SET,LAST
PLDISP,1

Instructors Solutions Manual

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Instructors Solutions Manual

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Instructor's Solutions Manual

Advanced Topics in Finite Element

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2006

uH0L = 4 and u H1L = 1

With uHxL as an assumed solution the residual is

Using integration by parts, the order of derivative in w u can be reduced to 1 as follows.

Combining all terms, the weighted residual now is as follows.

wH1L u H1L - wH0L u H0L + 0 H-w Iu x4 + x + u M - u w L dx = 0

Consider the boundary terms

Each one of these terms gives rise to two possibilities

Either -u H0L is known or wH0L = 0

Either u H1L is known or wH1L = 0

From these requirements the possible boundary conditions are as follows:

wH0L = 0 Must satisfy uH0L boundary condition

wH1L = 0 Must satisfy uH1L boundary condition

Given NBC for the problem:

Given EBC for the problem:

therefore with admissible solutions Hthose satisfying EBCL: H w H0L 0 L

With uHxL as an assumed solution the residual is

Using integration by parts, the order of derivative in wi u can be reduced to 1 as follows.

Combining all terms, the weighted residual now is as follows.

wi H1L u H1L - wi H0L u H0L + 0 H-u wi - u Hx wi + wi LL dx = 0

Consider the boundary terms

wi H1L u H1L - wi H0L u H0L

Each one of these terms gives rise to two possibilities

Either -u H0L is known or wi H0L = 0

Either u H1L is known or wi H1L = 0

From these requirements the possible boundary conditions are as follows:

wi H0L = 0 Must satisfy uH0L boundary condition

wi H1L = 0 Must satisfy uH1L boundary condition

Given NBC for the problem:

wi H1L - HuH0L + 2L wi H0L

Thus the boundary terms in the weak form reduce to:

Assuming admissible solutions the final weak form is as follows.

Substitute into the weak form and perform integrations to get:

Solving these equations we get

Derivation of element equations

Element nodes: 8r1 , r2 <

The complete element equations are as follows.

uH0L = 50; uH100L = 10

where wi HxL are suitable weighting functions.

With uHxL as an assumed solution the residual is

Combining all terms, the weighted residual now is as follows.

Consider the boundary terms

wi Hx1 L u Hx1 L - wi Hx2 L u Hx2 L

Each one of these terms gives rise to two possibilities

-wi Hx2 L u Hx2 L

Either u Hx1 L is known or wi Hx1 L = 0

Either -u Hx2 L is known or wi Hx2 L = 0

From these requirements the possible boundary conditions are as follows:

wi Hx1 L = 0 Must satisfy uHx1 L boundary condition

wi Hx2 L = 0 Must satisfy uHx2 L boundary condition

Given EBC for the problem:

Writing together in a matrix form

Linear assumed solution

Integrate@Hn1 + b1L b1, 8x, x1, x1 + L<D Together

Integrate@Hn1 + b1L b2, 8x, x1, x1 + L<D Together

Integrate@Hn2 + b2L b1, 8x, x1, x1 + L<D Together

Integrate@Hn2 + b2L b2, 8x, x1, x1 + L<D Together

k@L_D := 1 H2 LL 88-L + 2, L - 2<, 8-L - 2, L + 2<<;

K = Table@0, 84<, 84<D;

Essential boundary conditions

Thus the final system of equations is as follows.

Kf = K@@82, 3<, 82, 3<DD