Configuring Windows Server 2008 Applications Platform

Knowledge Assessment Matching Complete the following exercise by matching the terms with their corresponding
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definitions. 1. switched fabric 2. VDS hardware provider 3. disk duplexing 4. JBOD 5. logical unit numbers 6. block I/O access 7. iSNS 8. Fibre Channel 9. iSCSI initiator 10. direct-attached storage A. Enables a database application to access specific records in a database file stored on a SAN drive array B. Identifies specific devices in a drive array C. Installed by default in Windows Server 2008 D. Provided with some SAN drive arrays E. Supports copper and fiber optic media F. Requires redundant drives and redundant host adapters G. Fibre Channel topology H. Hard drive installed inside a computer I. J. Maintains a database of targets and initiators Disk array that does not use RAID

Answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. G D F J B A I

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Configuring Windows Server 2008 Applications Platform 8. 9. E C

10. H

Multiple Choice
Select one or more correct answers for each of the following questions. 1. Which of the following statements are true of striped volumes? a. c. Striped volumes provide enhanced performance over simple volumes. You can extend striped volumes after creation. b. Striped volumes provide greater fault tolerance than simple volumes. d. If a single physical disk in the striped volume fails, all of the data in the entire volume is lost. A striped volume consists of space from 2 to 32 physical disks, all of which must be dynamic disks. The difference between a striped volume and a spanned volume is that in a striped volume, the system writes data one stripe at a time to each successive disk in the volume. Striping provides improved performance because each disk drive in the array has time to seek the location of its next stripe while the other drives are writing. Striped volumes do not provide fault tolerance, however, and you cannot extend them after creation. If a single physical disk in the striped volume fails, all of the data in the entire volume is lost. 2. Which of the following are requirements for extending a volume on a dynamic disk? a. If you want to extend a simple volume, you can use only the available space on the same disk if the volume is to remain simple.

b. The volume must have a file system (a raw volume) before you can extend a simple or spanned volume. c. You can extend a simple or spanned volume if you formatted it using the FAT or FAT32 file systems.

d. You can extend a simple volume across additional disks if it is not a system volume or a boot volume. To extend a volume on a dynamic disk, the system must meet these requirements. When extending a simple volume, you can use only the available space on the same disk if the volume is to remain simple. You can extend a simple volume across additional disks if it is not a system volume or a boot volume. However, after you expand a simple volume to another disk, it is no longer a simple volume; it becomes a spanned volume. You can extend a simple or spanned volume if it does not have a file system (a raw volume) or if you formatted it using the NTFS file system. (You cannot extend volumes using the FAT or FAT32 file systems.) You cannot extend mirrored or RAID-5 volumes, although you can add a mirror to an existing simple volume. 3. Which of the following is the application layer protocol used for all communications between Internet Storage Name Service clients and servers? a. c. iSCSI IP b. iSNSP d. FCP iSNS Protocol (iSNSP) is the protocol used for all registration and query traffic between iSNS servers and clients.

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Configuring Windows Server 2008 Applications Platform 4. Which of the following is not true in reference to converting a basic disk to a dynamic disk? a. You cannot convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk if you need to dual-boot the computer.

b. You cannot convert drives with volumes that use an allocation unit size greater than 512 bytes. c. A boot partition or system partition on a basic disk cannot be extended into a striped or spanned volume, even if you convert the disk to a dynamic disk.

d. The conversion will fail if the hard drive does not have at least 1 MB of free space at the end of the disk. You can convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk at any time without affecting the data stored on the disk. However, before you convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk, you must be aware of the following conditions. The conversion will fail if the hard drive does not have at least 1 MB of free space at the end of the disk. The Disk Management console reserves this free space when creating partitions and volumes, but you cannot presume that other disk management tools that you might use also preserve that space. You should not convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk if you are dual booting. If you convert to a dynamic disk, you will not be able to start an installed operating system from any volume on the disk except the current boot volume. You cannot convert drives that use an allocation unit size (sector size) greater than 512 bytes unless you reformat the drive with a smaller sector size before upgrading. If the boot partition or system partition is part of a striped or spanned volume, you cannot convert the disk to a dynamic disk. 5. Which of the following is not true about differences between network attached storage (NAS) devices and storage area network (SAN) devices? a. NAS devices provide a file system implementation; SAN devices do not. b. NAS devices must have their own processor and memory hardware; SAN devices do not require these components. c. NAS devices must run their own operating system and typically provide a Web interface for administrative access; SAN devices do not have to have either one.

d. NAS devices require a specialized protocol, such as Fibre Channel or iSCSI; SAN devices use standard networking protocols. A storage area network (SAN) is a separate network dedicated solely to storage devices. SANs use a high-speed networking technology, such as SCSI, iSCSI, or Fibre Channel, to enable them to transmit large amounts of file data very quickly. A SAN provides block-based storage services to the computers connected to it, just as if the storage devices were installed in the computer. The storage hardware on a SAN might provide additional capabilities, such as RAID, but the file system used to store and protect data on the SAN devices is implemented by the computer. A network attached storage (NAS) drive array differs from a SAN array primarily in its software. NAS devices are essentially dedicated file servers that provide file-based storage services directly to clients on the network. A NAS array connects to a standard LAN and does not require a computer to implement the file system or function as a file server. Most NAS devices support both the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol used by Windows clients and the Network File System (NFS) protocol used by most UNIX distributions. 6. To manage a storage device using Storage Manager for SANs, you must have which of the following? a. c. a Fibre Channel switch a VDS hardware provider b. an iSCSI target d. an iSNS server

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Configuring Windows Server 2008 Applications Platform Storage Manager for SANs is supplied with Windows Server 2008 as a feature. To manage a storage device, you must install the VDS hardware provider supplied by the devices manufacturer and add the Storage Manager for SANs feature using the Add Features Wizard in Server Manager. Then, when you select Storage Manager for SANs from the Administrative Tools program group, the console loads the Virtual Disk Service and the VDS hardware provider, and it displays the interface shown in Figure 12-11. 7. Which of the following Windows Server 2008 components are intended for use with iSCSI and Fibre Channel SANs? a. c. Internet Storage Name Server Storage Explorer b. Storage Manager for SANs d. iSCSI initiator Windows Server 2008 includes several components that enable the computer to interact with devices on a SAN, as follows: an iSCSI Initiator that establishes connections with iSCSI targets on the SAN, an Internet Storage Name Server that registers and locates iSCSI initiators and targets, a Storage Manager for SANs that enables administrators to manage storage devices on Fibre Channel or iSCSI SANs that are compatible with the Virtual Disk Service (VDS) using a standardized interface, and a Storage Explorer that enables administrators to view and manage the devices on Fibre Channel or iSCSI SANs. 8. Which of the following components is not included in the Windows Server 2008 product? a. c. iSCSI initiator iSNS Server b. iSCSI target d. Storage Manager for SANs The other half of the iSCSI equation is the iSCSI target, which is integrated into a drive array or computer. The target receives SCSI commands from the initiator and passes them to a storage device, which is represented by a logical unit number (LUN). A LUN is essentially an address that SCSI devices use to identify a specific storage resource. A single LUN can represent an entire hard disk, part of a disk, or a slice of a RAID array. Therefore, a single computer or drive array can have many LUNs, represented by multiple targets. 9. Which of the following Fibre Channel layers contains the SCSI commands destined for storage devices on the SAN? a. c. FC1 FC3 b. FC2 d. FC4 The Fibre channel standards define five protocol layers, as follows. FC0 defines the physical elements of a Fibre Channel network, including cables, connectors, pinouts, and optical and electrical specifications. FC1 defines the data-link layer transmission protocol, including the 8b/10b encoding method used to generate Fibre Channel network signals. FC2 defines the basic transport mechanism of a Fibre Channel network, including the frame format and three service classes: a connection-oriented class, a connectionless class with acknowledgments, and a connectionless class without acknowledgments. FC3 defines a collection of common services often required by applications using Fibre Channel networks, including data striping, multicasting, and multiport hunt groups. FC4 defines the upper-layer protocol mapping rules that enable Fibre Channel networks to carry SCSI and other types of application layer traffic.

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Configuring Windows Server 2008 Applications Platform 10. An iSCSI target receives commands from an initiator and passes them to a storage device. Which of the following is used to represent the storage device? a. c. logical unit number VDS hardware provider b. iSNS database entry d. RS-232 port The other half of the iSCSI equation is the iSCSI target, which is integrated into a drive array or computer. The target receives SCSI commands from the initiator and passes them to a storage device, which is represented by a logical unit number (LUN). A LUN is essentially an address that SCSI devices use to identify a specific storage resource. A single LUN can represent an entire hard disk, part of a disk, or a slice of a RAID array. Therefore, a single computer or drive array can have many LUNs, represented by multiple targets.

Review Questions
1. Considering the five dynamic volume types supported by Windows Server 2008, explain why each volume type either does or does not provide fault tolerance. Simple, spanned, and striped volumes do not provide fault tolerance because they all maintain only one copy of the data and, if a drive fails, the volume is lost. Mirrored volumes maintain two copies of the data on different disks; if one drive fails, the volume data remains available from the other disk. RAID-5 volumes provide fault tolerance by saving parity information with the data, which the system can use to recover from a disk failure. 2. Explain why the block I/O access provided by a storage area network is preferable to the file-based I/O provided by network-attached storage when you are running a database or email application. A remote storage solution that uses file-based I/O can serve only entire files at a time. For a database or email application that stores its data in a single, enormous file, file-based I/O is an impractical solution because the application must retrieve a large amount of data for each access request. Storing the data files on a storage medium that provides block I/O access enables the application to retrieve the individual blocks containing the requested data, speeding up the I/O process.

Case Scenario Scenario 6-1: Using Storage Manager for SANs

Mackenzie is responsible for deploying a test storage area network, using a Windows Server 2008 computer and an iSCSI drive array with a standard Ethernet networking infrastructure. After connecting the server and the drive array to the SAN and configuring an iSCSI target using the Web-based interface provided by the array, Mackenzie uses iSCSI initiator on the server to establish a connection to a target. Mackenzie can now use the Disk Administration snap-in to partition and format the volume on the drive array. Next, Mackenzie attempts to use the Storage Manager for SANs console to create additional LUNs on the drive array, but the console fails to load the Virtual Disk Service. What must Mackenzie do to use Storage Manager for SANs to manage the LUNs on the drive array?

To use Storage Manager for SANs, Mackenzie must obtain a VDS hardware provider from the manufacturer of the drive array and install it on the computer where she runs the console.
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Configuring Windows Server 2008 Applications Platform

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