UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE STUDIES

SEMESTER II 2008/2009
BSM 3913 TEST 2 (20%) DURATION : 1 14 HOUR

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS AND ALL CALCULATIONS MUST BE IN 3

DECIMAL PLACES. USE   0.005 .

Q1 (a) Given the cubic function f ( x)  ( x  2)( x  1) 2 .

(i) By taking h  0.1 , find the slope of the function at x  2 , by
using 3-point central difference formula and 5-point difference
formula.
(ii) Then, determine whether (1, 4) is a relative maximum or
minimum point by using 5-point difference formula.
[Hint: If f ( x0 )  0 then f has a relative minimum at x0 .
If f ( x0 )  0 then f has a relative maximum at x0 .]
(9 marks)

(b) The velocity, v , of a particle in (m/s) at each 4 seconds time t , is given

below.

Time, t 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Velocity, v 13.2 25.4 30.1 31.8 32.2 32.9 32.89
7 4 9 0 5 2
Time, t 28 32 36 40 44 48
Velocity, v 32.2 31.1 29.7 30.3 28.0 29.94
4 6 4 8 6

Find the distance, d , traveled by the particle at the second half of the
journey by using Trapezoidal’s rule.
(7 marks)

Q2 Given
 1 0 2 
 
A   0 4 1 .
 0 2 0 
 

Use the power method to determine the dominant eigenvalue and its
corresponding eigenvector for the matrix A above. Start with initial vector
v (0)  (1 1 0)T .
(7 marks)
Q3 (a) Given the ordinary differential equation with initial condition as follow
y   y  4e3 x , y (0)  1 .
Find numerical solutions to the initial value problem using the second
order Taylor series method over interval  0, 1 with step size x  0.25
and find the percentage error of the numerical solutions, if the exact
solution is of the form y ( x )  e3 x .
(7 marks)

(b) Find numerical solutions to the following differential equation with initial
condition,
y   x(1  y ) , y (0)  0

using the Classic Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta method at x  0(0.2)0.6 .

(10 marks)

TOTAL MARKS: 40

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Formulae

f ( x  h)  f ( x  h)
3-point central difference: f ( x) 
2h
 f ( x  2h)  8 f ( x  h)  8 f ( x  h)  f ( x  2h)
5-point difference: f ( x) 
12h
h n 1 

b
Trapezoidal rule: a f ( x ) dx 
2
 f 0  f n  2
i 1
f i 


1
Power Method: v ( k +1)  Av ( k ) , k  0,1, 2,.....
mk +1
h2
Second order Taylor series method: y ( xi 1 )  y ( xi )  hy ( xi )  y ( xi ) , i  0,1, 2,K
2!

Classic Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta method:

1
yi 1  yi  (k1  2k2  2k3  k4 ) , i  0,1, 2,K
6
where
k1  hf ( xi , yi )
h k
k2  hf ( xi  , yi  1 )
2 2
h k
k3  hf ( xi  , yi  2 )
2 2
 k4  hf ( xi  h, yi  k3 )

Answer Scheme:
Question Scheme Marks
x
Q1 – M1
2.2
–
2.1
– M1A1
2.0
–
1.9 M1A1
–
1.8
M1
f (x)
–
2.04
8 M1A1
–
0.96 A1
1
0 A1
0.84
1
1.56
8 M2A2
(table)

M1A1
(a) (i) 3 – point central difference formula,
f ( − 1.9) − f ( − 2.1)
f ′( − 2) ≈ ≈ 9.010
0.2
5 – point difference formula,
− f ( −1.8 ) + 8 f ( −1.9 ) − 8 f ( −2.1) + f ( −2.2 )
f ′ ( −2 ) ≈ ≈ 9.000
1.2
 x
–
1.2
–
1.1
–
1.0
–
0.9
–
0.8

f(x)
3
.87
2
3
.96
9
4
.00
0
3
.97
1
3
.88
8

(ii) 5 – point difference formula,

− f ( −0.8 ) + 16 f ( −0.9 ) − 30 f ( −1.0 ) + 16 f ( −1.1) − f ( −1.2 )
f ′′ ( −1) ≈ ≈ −6
12 ( 0.1)
2

Since f ′′( − 1) < 0 , so ( − 1, 4) is a relative maximum point.

(b) Second half of the journey, from t = 24 to t = 48 .
A1
i
T
48
v
d = ∫ v dt
24
M
4
2 ≈ [ 62.83 + 2(151.58) ]
2
0 ≈ 731.98 m
1
2
3
4
5
6
2
4
2
8
3
2
3
6
4
0
4
4
4
8
3
2
.
8
9

3
2
.
2
4

3
1
.
1
6

2
9
.
TOTAL 16
 k
Q2 v ( k ) 
T M1(all)
T
A v ( k ) 
mk 1
A3
0
1
1
0
-1 M1
4
-2 A2
4

1
-
0.2
5
1
-0.5
-0
.7
5
3.
5
-2
3.
5

2
-
0.2
14
1
-0.57
1
-0
.9
28
3.
42
9
-2
3.
42
9

3
 TOTAL 7

Q3 (a) y (0)  1  x0  0, y0  1 ,
y '  y  4e3 x  yi'  f ( xi , yi )  4e3 xi  yi M1
3 xi
and yi''  12e  yi'
(0.25) 2
yi 1  yi  0.25(4e3 xi  yi )  (12e3 xi  4e3 xi  yi ) M1
2
(0.25) 2
 yi  0.25(4e3 xi  yi )  (8e3 xi  yi )
2
M1(all)

A4

M1

M1(all)

M2

A6
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ta
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0
0.
0
1.
0
1
0.
0
%

1
0.
25
2.
03
1
2.
11
7
TOTAL 17