CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 2 : STRUCTURE OF ATOM 1

SPM 2012

Diagram 1.1 shows the arrangement of particles of substance X at different temperatures.

60 oC

Diagram 1.1

90 oC

(a) What is the physical state of substance X at (i) (ii) 60 oC 90 oC : ......................................................................... : ......................................................................... [2 marks] (b) State the movement of particles of substance X at 60 oC. ............. [1 mark] (c) Graph 1.2 shows the graph of temperature against time when substance X is heated from 60 oC to 90 oC. Temperature /oC 90 78 60 t0 (i) t1 t2 Graph 3.1 t3 Time /s Masa/s

What is meant by melting point? .. [1 mark]

(ii)

Based on Graph 3.1, state the melting point of substance X. [1 mark]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (iii)

2 Explain why the temperature remains constant from t1 to t2.

SPM 2012

............ ............ [2 marks] (d) (i) Substance X cannot conduct electricity in any state. State the type of particles of substance X. ............ [1 mark] Table 1.3 shows two substances.
Magnesium oxide, MgO Carbon dioxide, CO2

(ii)

Table 1.3 Which substance has the same type of particles as substance X? Tick ( ) the correct answer.

[1 mark]

Table 2 shows the incomplete information about 3 atoms; X, Y and Z. Atom X Y Z Proton number 6 17 Table 2 (a) State the name of subatomic particles that are found in nucleus of an atom. . [1 mark] (b) (i) What is the term of the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom? .. [1 mark] (ii) The total number of protons and neutrons for atom Z is 35. What is the number of neutron in atom Z? .. [1 mark] Number of neutron 8 6 Number of electron 6 17

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

SPM 2012

(iii)

Write the symbol for atom Z in the form of

A Z

X.

[1 mark] (iv) Draw the atomic structure of atom Z.

[1 mark] (c) Atom X and atom Y are isotopes of an element. (i) What is the proton number of atom X? . [1 mark] Write the electron arrangement of atom Y. .. [1 mark] (iii) What is valence electron of atom X? .. [1 mark] (iv) Why atom X and atom Y has same chemical properties? .. [1 mark] (v) State the one use of isotope X in archaeology field. .. [1 mark]

(ii)

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY 3

SPM 2012

Diagram 3 shows the chemical symbols which represent three elements X, Y and Z. The letters used are not the actual symbols of the elements. 9 32 31

X
4 15

Y
15 Diagram 3

(a)

(i)

What is meant by proton number? .. [1 mark] State the proton number of atom X. .. [1 mark] What is represented by the number 32 for the element Y?

(ii)

(b)

... [1 mark] (c) (i) Atom Y and Z are isotopes. State the difference between the two atoms. .. [1 mark] (ii) State one use of any isotopes in daily life. . [1 mark] (d) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom Y. .. [1 mark] (ii) Determine the number of valence electron for atom Y. .. [1 mark] (iii) Draw the electron arrangement for atom Z.

[2 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

SPM 2012

CHAPTER 3 : CHEMICAL FORMULAE & EQUATIONS 4 (a) Diagram 4 shows that a magnesium atom is two times heavier compare to a carbon atom. Relative atomic mass of carbon is 12.

Carbon atoms Atom karbon Diagram 4 (i) Complete this equation : Relative atomic mass

Magnesium atom Atom magnesium

= The average mass of one atom of an element the mass of an atom of carbon-12

[1 mark]

(ii) One atom of element X is two times heavier than one magnesium atom. What is the relative atomic mass of element X? ................................................. [1 mark] (b) A student heats 20 g of calcium carbonate strongly. It decomposes according to the equation below.

CaCO3 CaO + CO2

(i) State the name of the products. . [2 marks] (ii) Describe the chemical equation in terms of quantitative aspect. . . [2 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (iii)

6 Calculate the mass of calcium oxide produced. [ Relative atomic mass; C = 12 ; O = 16 ; Ca = 40 ]

SPM 2012

[3 marks] (iv) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide produced at room conditions. [Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions]

[2 marks]

CHAPTER 4 & 5 : PERIODIC TABLE + CHEMICAL BOND 5 Diagram 5 shows the symbols of the atoms of element X, Y and Z. The letters used are not the actual symbols of the elements.

23

39

X
3 11

Y
19 Diagram 5

(a)

What is the number of valence electron of the atom of element X? .......................... [1 mark]

(b)

(i)

Identify the position of element Y in the Periodic Table of Elements. ................ [1 mark]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (ii)

7 Explain why element Y is placed at the position identified in (b) (i).

SPM 2012

................ ................ [2 marks] (c) Element X, Y and Z can react with water. (i) Which of the element is the most reactive in their reactions with water? ................ [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in (c) (i). ................ ................ ................ [3 marks] (iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between element that you choose in (c) (i) and water. ................ [2 marks] (d) Argon is placed at the same period with element Y in the Periodic Table of Elements. (i) Compare the atomic size argon and element Y. [ Given that proton number of argon is 18 ] ................ [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in (d) (i). ................ ................ [2 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY 6 .

SPM 2012

Diagram 6 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements. Q, T, X, Y and Z do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.

3 Q 7

4 T 9

6 X 12

7 Y 14

8 Z 16

Transition Elements
Diagram 6 By using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in Diagram 6, answer the following questions. (a) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom Q. .............................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (ii) Write the formula of ion Q. .............................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (b) State one element which exists as a diatomic molecule. .... ............................................................................................... [1 mark] (c) (i) Arrange the elements Q, T, X, Y and Z according to the atomic size in descending order. ............................. [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in (c) (i) based on nuclei attraction force on the valence electrons. ............................. ............................. ............................. [ 2 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (d) X reacts with Z to form a compound.

SPM 2012

(i) What is the type of the compound formed? ............................. [1 mark] (ii) State one physical property of the compound formed. ............................. [1 mark] (iii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed.

[2 marks]

(a)

Element X reacted with oxygen to form a compound which cannot conduct electricity at any state. Suggest one example of element X. Write chemical equation between element X and oxygen. [3 marks]

(b)

Table 7 shows the proton number of elements P, Q and R. Element P Q R Table 7 State the elements that combined together to form a compound that has a high melting point. Explain the formation of the compound. [6 marks] Proton Number 6 11 17

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

10

SPM 2012

(c)

Sodium chloride, NaCl

Carbon dioxide, CO2

[Proton number of : C = 6 ; O = 8 ; Na = 11 ; Cl = 17] (i) (ii) State the type of compound, type of bond and type of particles of two substances. Explain the formation of carbon dioxide and draw the diagram of electron arrangement of the compound formed.

(d) + water

U
+ solvent V Solution Z Cannot conduct electricity No colour change on litmus paper

Solution Y Can conduct electricity Change the colour of red litmus paper to blue

Identify U and solvent V. Explain the differences between two solutions.

Table 8.1 shows the electron arrangement of elements U, V and W. Element U V W Table 8.1 (a) Based on the Table 8.1, (i) (ii) Identify one metal and one non-metal element. State the group and period of element W in the Periodic Table of Elements. [2 marks] [2 marks] Electron arrangement 2.6 2.1 2.8.1

(iii) The reaction between element U and W produces a compound. State one property for the compound. Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed.

[3 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

11

SPM 2012

(b) Table 8.2 shows the observations of element V and element W when react with water.
Element Observation Element V

water Element V, moves slowly at random on the water surface with a little hissing sound. The solution formed turns the colour of red litmus paper to blue.

Element W

water

W
Element W, moves rapidly at random on the surface of the water with a louder hissing sound. The solution formed turns the colour of red litmus paper to blue.

Table 8.2 (i) (ii) Write the chemical equation when element V reacts with water. Compare the reactivity of elements V and W when react with water. Explain your answer. [3 marks]

[4 marks]

(c)

Diagram 8.3 show the set up apparatus used to compare the electrical conductivity of solution P and solution Q. Bulb does not light up

Bulb lights up

Carbon electrode

Solution P

Diagram 8.3

Solution Q

Based on the observations in Diagram 8.3, (i) (ii) Identify the type of compound of solution P and solution Q. Explain why there is a difference in the observations. [2 marks] [4 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 6 : ELECTROCHEMISTRY 9 (a)

12

SPM 2012

Table 9.1 show the set up of apparatus of two experiments to investigate electrolysis process by using different electrodes. Experiment
A

Apparatus set-up

Copper electrodes Elektrod kuprum Copper(II) sulphate solution Elektrod kuprum

Carbon electrodes II Copper(II) sulphate solution

Table 9.1 Compare and contrast Experiment I and Experiment II. Include in your answer, the observations at the anode and cathode, the name of the products formed at the anode and cathode and equations for the reactions at the electrodes in both cells. half

[10 marks]

(b)

A student intends to electroplate an iron spoon with copper to prevent it from rusting. Design a laboratory experiment to electroplate the iron spoon. Your answer should consist of the following : procedures of the experiment. a labelled diagram showing the set up of apparatus. half equations for the reactions at both electrodes. observation at both electrodes [8 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

13

SPM 2012

10

Diagram 10.1 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of magnesium chloride 1.0 mol dm-3 solution.

Carbon electrodes

Magnesium chloride 1.0 mol dm-3

A Diagram 10.1 (a) (i) Based on Diagram 10.1, state the name of the products at the cathode and the anode. Explain your answer in term of factor that affects discharge of ion. [8 marks] (ii) Predict the product at anode and cathode if magnesium chloride 1.0 mol dm-3 solution is replace by magnesium chloride 0.0001 mol dm-3 solution. [2 marks]

(b)

Diagram 10.2 shows the set up of apparatus when cell X is combined with cell Y. V

Copper plate

Copper plate

Magnesium plate

0.5 mol dm-3 Copper(II) sulphate solution

Cell X

Diagram 10.2

Cell Y

Compare cell X and cell Y base on ; the name of the cells, energy conversion, the observations and half equations for the reactions at the electrodes in both cells. . [10 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 7 : ACIDS AND BASES 11 (a)

14

SPM 2012

Diagram 11.1 show the observation in test tube I and test tube II when hydrogen chloride in tetrachloromethane and hydrogen chloride in water are reacted with zinc powder.
Test tube I II

Apparatus set-up Hydrogen chloride in tetrachloromethane + zinc powder Observation No change.

Hydrogen chloride in water + zinc powder

Bubbles of gas are produced.

Diagram 11.1 (i) State the ion that causes an acid shows its acidic properties. ........................ [1 mark] (ii) Explain why the differences in observation in test tube I and II. ........................ ........................ [2 marks] (iii) State the name of the gas produced in test tube II. ........................ [1 mark] (iv) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. ........................ [2 marks]

(b)

Table 11.2 shows the information of the solution A, solution B and solution C.

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

15 Solution of A, B and C might be an acid or an alkali.

Solution A Information Ionises completely. The solution remains colourless when phenolphthalein is added. Ionises partially. The solution remains colourless when phenolphthalein is added. Ionises completely. The solution turns to pink when phenolphthalein is added.

SPM 2012

Table 11.2

(i)

Give an example for each of the solution. (a) (b) (c) ......................................................................... ......................................................................... ......................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Which solution has the lowest pH? . [1 mark]

(iii) Give a reason for your answer in (b) (i). . [1 mark] (iv) Vinegar consists of an ethanoic acid. Describe a chemical test to verify the acid without using an indicator. . . [2 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY 12

16

SPM 2012

Hydrochloric acid, HCl is a strong acid. Table 12.1 shows two solutions of hydrochloric acid, HCl with different concentration.
Solution A B Concentration / mol dm-3 1.0 0.001 pH 1.0 3.0

Table 12.1 (a) What is meant by acid? . . [1 mark] (b) pH value of the solution A and B are different. Explain why. . . . [3 marks] (c) Diagram 12.2 shows the set-up of apparatus for titration of 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution with solution A, using phenolphthalein as indicator.

Solution A

25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution + phenolphthalein indicator Diagram 12.2

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (i)

17 State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask at the end point.

SPM 2012

(ii)

[1 mark] State the type of the reaction occurred. [1 mark]

(iii)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction. [1 mark]

(iv)

Calculate the volume of solution A needed to neutralise the sodium hydroxide solution.

[3 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 8 : SALT 13 (a)

18

SPM 2012

A student has carried out an experiment to construct an ionic equation for the formation of lead(II) iodide. Seven test tubes of the same size were labelled 1 to 7. A fixed volume of 5.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium iodide solution was placed in each test tube. 0.5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution was added into test tube 1, 1.0 cm3 into test tube 2 and so on until 3.5 cm3 was added into test tube 7. The heights of the precipitate formed in each test tube were measured. The results are shown in Table 13.1
Test tube Volume of 1.0 moldm lead(II) nitrate solution / cm3
-3

1 0.5 1.1

2 1.0 2.2

3 1.5 3.4

4 2.0 4.4

5 2.5 5.5

6 3.0 5.5

7 3.5 5.5

Height of precipitate /cm

Table 13.1 (i) Based on Table 13.1, plot a graph of the height of the precipitate against volume of lead(II) nitrate solution on a graph paper.. [3 marks] Determine the volume of lead(II)nitrate solution that had reacted completely with 5.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium iodide. [1 mark] Using the volume obtained in (a) (ii), calculate the number of moles of lead(II) ions and iodide ions that are required for the formation of lead(II) iodide. Then, calculate the number of moles of iodide ions that has reacted with 1 mol of lead(II) ions. [4 marks] (iv) Write the ionic equation for the formation of lead(II) iodide. [2 marks]

(ii)

(iii)

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (b)

19 Diagram 13.2 shows a series of reactions for compound A. Compound A is insoluble in water. Compound A (Green powder) Colourless gas B turns lime water milky

SPM 2012

Black powder C

Heat

+ Hydrochloric acid

Blue solution D

Colourless gas B turns lime water milky Diagram 13.2

(i) (ii)

State the name of substances A , B , C and D. State the ion presence in solution D that give the blue colour. Describe a chemical test to verify the ion. Why does gas B turns lime water milky? Write the chemical equation for the reaction occurred.

[4 marks]

[3 marks]

(iii)

[3 marks]

14

Diagram 14 shows a series of reaction starting from lead(II) carbonate, PbCO3. PbCO3 + HNO3 Solution X + Gas Y + H2O

Heat

Crystallisation Solid X

PbO + Gas Y Diagram 14 (a)

Based on Diagram 14 : Identify gas Y. Describe a chemical test to verify gas Y. Describe a chemical test to determine the presence of anion in the solution X. Compare and contrast the observation when solid X and lead(II) carbonate, PbCO3 are heated.

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

20

SPM 2012

CHAPTER 9 : MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY 15 (a) Diagram 15.1 shows the production of ammonium sulphate from the reaction between substance X and substance Y. Substance X is produced from Contact process whereas substance Y from Haber process. Contact process X Ammonium sulphate Haber process Diagram 15.1 Y

(i)

State the name of substance X and substance Y. X : Y : [2 marks]

(ii)

State one use of ammonium sulphate in agriculture field. [1 mark]

(iii)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction between substance X and substance Y. [2 marks]

(b)

Diagram 15.2 shows the structure formula of a polymer.

H C H

Cl C H n

Diagram 15.2 (i) State the name of the polymer. .. [1 mark]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (ii)

21 Draw the structure formula of it monomer.

SPM 2012

[1 mark] (iii) Disposal of the polymer by burning is not suitable. Give a reason. .. [1 mark] (iv) The polymer is not suitable to be buried for disposing. Give a reason. .. [1 mark] (v) Suggest how to solve the problems in (b) (iii) and (b) (iv). .. [1 mark] (c) There are four types of glasses that are used in our daily lives. (i) Name the major component of glass. .. [1 mark] (ii) Table 15.3 shows three types of glasses and their uses. Complete the table.
Type of glass Borosilicate glass Uses Cookware Laboratory glassware Decorative lamp Prism Bottles Mirrors

.............................................

.............................................

Table 15.3 (iii) Why is borosilicate glass suitable to make cookware and laboratory glassware?

[2 marks]

.. [1 mark]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY 16

22

SPM 2012

Diagram 16 shows railway tracks and the arrangement of atom in alloy that made the railway tracks.

Atom M

Atom iron

Alloy X Diagram 16

(a)

State the name of the alloy X [1 mark]

(b)

State the name of atom M. [1 mark]

(c)

(i)

Draw the arrangement of atoms in pure iron.

[1 mark]

(d)

Explain the difference of hardness of alloy Y and pure iron.

[2 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 10 : RATE OF REACTION 17

23

SPM 2012

The following equation shows the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at room condition using a catalyst.

2H2O2 2H2O + O2
Oxygen gas was collected and the result shown in Table 17. Time (s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Table 17 Volume of oxygen gas (cm3) 0.0 15.0 25.0 32.5 38.0 42.0 45.5 47.5 49.0 50.0 50.0

(a)

Plot the graph of the volume of oxygen gas against time on a graph paper.

[3 marks]

(b)

Based on your graph in (a), calculate the rate of reaction at 20 s.

[2 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (c)

24 Why does the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide decreases with time?

SPM 2012

.................... [1 mark] (d) (i) State one suitable substance that can be used as catalyst for this reaction. .................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) With reference to the collision theory, explain how does catalyst in (d) (i) affects the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... [3 marks]

18

Diagram 18 shows the set-up of apparatus to study the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid with sodium thiosulphate solution. Observer eye

250 cm3 conical flask Sodium thiosulphate solution + Hydrochloric acid X sign Diagram 17 In this reaction, a 250 cm3 conical flask contained 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution, Na2S2O3 is placed on a white paper marked with the X sign. 5.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid was added to the sodium thiosulphate solution and the mixture is swirled. At the same time the stopwatch was started. The time is taken as soon as the X sign is no longer visible. White paper

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (a)

25 In this reaction, a precipitate is formed. What is the colour of the precipitate?

SPM 2012

. [1 mark] (b) Calculate the number of moles of HCl and the number of moles of Na2S2O3 used in the experiment.

[2 marks] (c) The chemical equation for the reaction occurred in this reaction is :

Na2S2O3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + S + SO2 + H2O

Based on the calculation in (b) and the chemical equation above, calculate the mass of the precipitate formed. [Given that the relative atomic mass of S = 32]

[2 marks]

(d)

(i)

State two factors that affect the rate of reaction in this experiment. ................ ................ [2 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (ii)

26

SPM 2012

By using any one of the factor that you are stated in (d) (i), explain how the factor that you are stated in (d) (i) affect the rate of reaction. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ [4 marks]

19

(a)

Table 19 shows the data from three experiments that were carried out to investigate the factors that affects the rate of reaction.
Experiment Reactants Temperature /0C Time taken for all the magnesium to dissolve /s 50

Excess hydrochloric acid + 0.2 g magnesium ribbon Excess hydrochloric acid + 0.2 g magnesium ribbon Excess hydrochloric acid + 0.2 g magnesium ribbon + copper(II) sulphate solution

30

II

40

20

III

40

15

Table 19

(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced. [ Relative atomic mass : Mg =24 ; Molar gas volume : 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition ] [5 marks] Compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II or Experiment II and Experiment III. With reference to collision theory, explain why there is difference in the rate of reaction. [5 marks]

(ii)

(b)

By using either the factor of size of reactant or concentration, describe an experiment how this factor affecting the rate of reaction. [10 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 11 : CARBON COMPOUND

27

SPM 2012

20 Diagram 20 shows the flow chart of reaction for compound J with molecular formula C3H7OH. Compound J

C3H7OH
IV Substance L Heat

I Porcelain chips Heat

C3H6

gas

II Polymerisation

Substance P

III Substance L Heat

Compound Q

C2H5COOH
Compound J V Reflux with concentrated sulphuric acid Compound R

C3H6(OH)2

Diagram 20

Based on the information in Diagram 20, answer the following questions : (a) State the name of the compound J .............................................. [1 mark] (b) State the name of the type of reaction occurring in Step I. .............................................. [1 mark] (c) (i) State the name of the substance L which is used in Steps III and IV ............................................ [1 mark]

(i) What can you observe in Step III ............................................ [2 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (d) Draw the structural formulae of (i) substance P formed in Step II

28

SPM 2012

(ii) Compound Q formed in step IV

[2 marks] (e) In step V, a mixture of compound Q, compound J and a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid is boiled under reflux for a few minutes. (i) Draw the set up of the apparatus for this reaction.

[2 marks] (ii) Write a chemical equation for this reaction. ......................................... [1 mark]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY 21

29

SPM 2012

Diagram 21.1 shows five structural formula of carbon compound.

Compound A

Compound B

Compound C

Compound D

Compound E

Diagram 21.1 (a) Choose any one of the compound in Diagram 21.1, state the products formed when the compound burn completely in excess oxygen gas. Write the chemical equation involve. State the name of two compounds in Diagram 21.1 that are isomer. Explain your answer. Describe a chemical test to differentiate between compound A and compound B. Diagram 21.2 shows the reaction between compound E and carboxylic acid. Compound E + Carboxylic acid Ester

(b) (c) (d)

Diagram 21.2 Sebatian E + Asid karboksilik (i) Name an example of of carboxylic acid member that can be used in this reaction. ester State the name of the ester formed when the carboxylic acid react with compound E. Draw the structural formula of name the carboxylic acid and the ester that formed. (ii) Describe an experiment to produce ester in (d) (i) in laboratory.

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 12 : OXIDATION & REDUCTION 22

30

SPM 2012

Diagram 22 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction between iron(II) sulphate solution and acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution through the transfer of electrons at a distance.

Diagram 22 (a) What is the colour of iron(II) sulphate solution? . [1 mark] (b) (i) Write the half equation for the reaction occur at X. [1 mark] (ii) State the change in oxidation number of iron. ... [1 mark] (c) The incomplete half equation occur at Y is :

Cr2O72- + . + 6e
Complete the equation.

Cr3+ + H2O
[1 mark]

(d)

On the diagram above, show the direction of electrons flow.

[1 mark]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (e)

31 You are provided with the following substances and apparatus : (i) Bromine water Potassium iodide solution Carbon electrodes Beaker Porous pot Connecting wire

SPM 2012

By using the given materials and apparatus, draw the set-up of apparatus to investigate the redox reaction through transfer of electron at a distance.

[2 marks] (ii) On your diagram in (e) (i), indicate the positive and negative terminal. [1 mark]

(iii)

State the change in oxidation number for bromine in this reaction. ................ [1 mark]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY 23

32

SPM 2012

Diagram 23 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction occurred in test tubes A and B.

Test tube A Diagram 23 (a) Based on test tube A, (i)

Test tube B

Name the reaction occurred. ................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(ii)

Write the ionic equation for the reaction. ................................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]

(iii)

State a chemical test to verify the product formed. ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]

(b)

Based on test tube B, (i) State the observation involved. ................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (ii) State the observation if the experiment is repeated by using copper to replace zinc. ................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

33

SPM 2012

(c)

Compare the answer in (b) (i) and (b) (ii) and explain why there is a difference in the observation. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(d)

When iron is exposed to water and oxygen, it rusts easily. State one method to prevent the rusting of iron. ............................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

CHAPTER 13 : THERMOCHEMISTRY 24 An experiment is conducted to study the heat of displacement for reaction between copper(II) sulphate and excess zinc powder. 50.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate solution is poured into a polystyrene cup and the initial temperature is recorded. The excess zinc powder is added to the same polystyrene cup. The mixture is stirred slowly and the highest temperature is recorded. Initial temperature of copper(II) sulphate solution Highest temperature of mixture = = 28.5 oC 33.5 oC

[Relative atomic mass : Cu=64; S=32; O=16; Zn= 65; Specific heat capacity of the solution ; 4.2 J g-1 oC-1]

(a)

What is the meaning of heat of displacement in this experiment? ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(b)

Why does zinc in the form of powder is used in this experiment? ............................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(c)

Write the ionic equation for the reaction in this experiment. ............................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (d)

34 Based on the experiment, calculate : (i) heat released

SPM 2012

[1 mark] (ii) number of mole of copper(II) sulphate that has reacted.

[1 mark] (iii) heat of displacement in this reaction

[2 marks] (e) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction.

[2 marks] (f) Why plastic cup is used in this experiment? ............................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY 25 (a)

35 Diagrams 25.1 and 25.2 show two energy level diagrams. Energy Mg + FeSO4 Energy

SPM 2012

CaCO3 + 2NaCl

H= - 200 kJ mol-1 MgSO4 + Fe Diagram 25.1 (i) CaCl2 + Na2CO3 Diagram 25.2

H= + 12.6 kJ mol-1

Compare both the energy level diagrams. Your explanation should include the following : ionic equation type of chemical reaction energy content of reactants and products [6 marks] Based on Diagram 25.1, calculate the change in temperature of the solution if excess magnesium powder is added to 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 iron(II) sulphate solution. [Specific heat capacity of solution : 4.2 J g -1 oC-1] [3 marks]

(ii)

(b)

Table 25.3 shows the heat released for Experiment I, II and III using different acid that has been reacted with sodium hydroxide solution. Experiment Chemical Equation HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O I II III CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O Table 25.3 Based on Table 25.3, explain the difference in heat released between : (i) (ii) Experiment I and Experiment II Experiment I and Experiment III [6 marks] Heat released (kJ) 57 54 114

(c)

Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the heat of displacement of metal by a more electropositive metal. In your description, include the following aspects : Materials and apparatus needed Procedure of experiment A table to collect data Calculation method [10 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

36

SPM 2012

CHAPTER 14 : CHEMICALS FOR CONSUMERS 26 (a) Diagram 26.1 shows the structure of anion parts of a soap and a detergent. These anions consist of part A and part B as shown in the diagram.

Anion of a soap

Anion of a detergent

Part A
Diagram 26.1

Part B

(i)

Name part A and part B of the anions. State the solubility of part A and part B in the cleansing action.

[4 marks]

(ii)

Compare the effectiveness of the cleansing action of the two anions shows in the Diagram 26.1 in hard water. Explain your answer. Write an ionic equation to show the reaction of anion of soap in hard water. [6 marks]

(b)

Diagram 26.2 shows the label of soft drink. Ingredient : Water, citric acid, aspartame, octyl butanoate and tartazine. Expiry date : 03 Jan 2013 Diagram 26.2 Based on the ingredient used, classify the type of food additives that contained in this soft drink. [4 marks]

(c)

A patient is suffering from tuberculosis for a period of time. Suggest a type of medicine that should be taken and the prescription should be followed by the patient. [4 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

37

SPM 2012

27

(a) (i)

Polythene and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is an examples of synthetic polymer. Explain how disposal and burning of synthetic polymers causes environmental pollution. [6 marks]

(ii) Suggest steps that can be taken to overcome environmental pollutions that stated in (a) (i). [4 marks] (b) (i) Composite materials are produced from combination of two or more different compounds. Fibre glass is a type of composite compound. Describe on fibre glass in terms of : main component special properties uses [4 marks]

(c) (i) State the main component of glass and one difference between ceramic and glass. (ii) State the uses of ceramic in the fields of construction, electronics, medical and astronomy. [6 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

38

SPM 2012

4541/3 : CHEMISTRY PAPER 3

1 Table 1 shows three experiments to investigate the solubility of salts in water. (a) observation for Experiment I, II and III in Table 1.
Experiment Reaction

Write the [3 marks]

Observation

water

Colourless solution

Lead(II) nitrate

II

water

Calcium carbonate

III

water

Blue solution

Copper(II) sulphate Table 1

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

39

SPM 2012

(b)

Based on Experiment I and III, state the operational definition of soluble salt. [3 marks]

(c)

When calcium nitrate solution is added into sodium carbonate solution, white precipitate calcium carbonate is formed. If potassium carbonate solution is used to replace sodium carbonate solution, the same salt is produced. Explain why? [3 marks]

(d)

Classify the following salts into soluble salts and insoluble salts. Potassium sulphate, Lead(II) sulphate, Barium sulphate, Zinc sulphate

Soluble Salt

Insoluble Salt

[3 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

40

SPM 2012

Table 2 shows observation on an experiment to investigate the solubility of salts in water.

Type of salt X chloride Y sulphate Solubility in water Soluble Insoluble

Table 2 Based on the information in Table 2, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the solubility of the salts with one example for each of the salt. Your planning should include the following : (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Problem statement All the variables Hypothesis List of materials and apparatus Procedure Tabulation of data

Sample Answer : Question 2 (a) Problem statement :

Does different type of . gives different in water?

(b) Variables :

Manipulated variable Responding variable Constant variable

(c) Hypothesis :

: : : Volume of water

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

41

SPM 2012

(d) Materials :

chloride, sulphate, .
Apparatus :

Beakers/Test tubes, measuring cylinder, electronic balance, glass rod, spatula

(e) Procedure :

1. 100 cm3 of distilled water is measured by using measuring cylinder. 2. The distilled water is poured into a beaker. 3. 5 g of chloride is weight . 4. The chloride is put into the beaker. 5. The mixture is stirred. 6. Solubility of the salt in water is recorded. 7. Step 1-6 is repeated using sulphate.
(f) Tabulation of data :

Type of Salt chloride sulphate

Solubility () Soluble Insoluble

Type of Salt chloride sulphate

Observation

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

42

SPM 2012

An experiment is carried out to determine the heat of combustion of four alcohols, methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), propanol (C3H7OH) and butanol (C4H9O11). The initial mass of spirit lamp containing alcohol is measured before burning the alcohol. Then, 200 cm3 of water is heated with alcohol in the spirit lamp until the temperature of water rises by 30 C. The final mass of lamp containing alcohol is measured again after burning. Diagram 3.1 shows the set up of apparatus and thermometer reading of water for the experiment with methanol.

Diagram 3.1

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (a)

43

SPM 2012

Give one inference based on the observation in Diagram 3.1. .. .. [3 marks]

(b)

For this experiment, state : (i) the manipulated variable . (ii) the responding variable . (ii) the fixed variable . [3 marks]

(c) State one hypothesis for this experiment. .. .. .. [3 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (d)

44

SPM 2012

Table 3.2 shows the initial and final readings of the electronic balance for the mass of spirit lamp before burning and after burning of four types of alcohol.

Table 3.2 Based on Table 2, state the mass of the alcohols used in space provided into two decimal places. [3 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (e)

45

SPM 2012

Calculate the heat of combustion of methanol. [Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 C-1] [Molar mass of methanol = 32 g mol-1]

[3 marks] (f) Given the heat of combustion of ethanol and butanol are -1175 kJ mol-1 and -2475 kJ mol-1 respectively. By using the answer obtained in 3 (e), plot a graph of heat of combustion against number of carbon atoms per molecule. [3 marks] (g) Using the plotted graph, predict the heat of combustion of propanol. [3 marks]

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY 4

46

SPM 2012

Diagram 4 (a) and 4 (b) below shows the apparatus set up to study the effects of metals X and metal Y on the rusting of iron.

Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution + phenolphthalein solution + hot jelly Iron nail coiled with metal X Iron nail coiled with metal Y

Diagram 4 (a)

Diagram 4 (b)

Referring to the information in the diagram above, plan an experiment to investigate the effect of a named X and Y metals on the rusting of iron. Your planning should include the following aspects : (a) Aim of the experiment (b) All the variables (c) Hypothesis (d) List of materials and apparatus (e) Procedure (f) Tabulation of data [17 marks]

Sample Answer : Question 4 (a) Aim of the experiment :

To investigate the effect of and on the rusting of iron.

(b) Variables :

Manipulated variable Responding variable Constant variable

: : : Iron nail

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (c) Hypothesis :

47

SPM 2012

If iron nail is coiled with , the iron nail does not rust, if iron nail is coiled with , the iron nail rust a lot.
(d) Materials :

Iron nails, strip, . strip, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution, phenolphthalein solution, hot jelly.
Apparatus :

Test tubes, test tube rack, sand paper, beaker, glass rod and dropper
(e) Procedure :

1. Clean an iron nail and strip using sand paper. 2. Coil the iron nail with the strip. 3. Put the iron nail coil with the strip into a test tube (A). 4. Put the test tube in a test tube rack. 5. Pour liquid hot jelly into a beaker. 6. Add a few drops of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution and phenolphthalein solution into the beaker and stir the mixture. 7. Pour the mixture into the test tube. 8. Repeat step 1 to 7 using strip (B) to replace . strip. 9. Set aside the test tubes for 3 days and record all the observations.

(f) Tabulation of data :

Test tube A: Iron nail coiled with B: Iron nail coiled with

Observation

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY 5

48

SPM 2012

An experiment was carried out to construct an ionic equation for the precipitation of silver chloride according to the following steps : Step I Step II Step III Step IV Step V : : : : : 5.00 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chloride solution was poured into 7 test tubes labelled P, Q, R, S, T, U and V. 1.00 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution was added to test tube P from a burette. Step II was repeated for test tubes Q, R, S, T, U and V using different volumes of 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution. All the test tubes were shakes and put it into in a test tube rack to allow silver chloride precipitate to settle. The height of the precipitate in the test tubes were measured and recorded in Table 5.1

Test tube Volume of silver nitrate solution (cm3) Height of precipitate (cm)

P 1.00 1.0

Q 2.00 2.0

R 3.00 3.0 Table 5.1

S 4.00 4.0

T 5.00 5.0

U 6.00 5.0

V x 5.0

(a)

Diagram 5.2 shows the initial and final burette reading for test tube V.

40

47

41

48

Initial burette reading Diagram 5.2

Final burette reading

Based on Diagram 5.2, determine the value of x in Table 5.1. x = final burette reading initial burette reading = = .. cm3

4541

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY (b)

49

SPM 2012

Based on Table 5.1, plot a graph of height of precipitate against volume of silver nitrate solution on a graph paper. (i) On the graph, mark and write the minimum volume of silver nitrate solution needed for complete reaction with 5.00 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chloride solution. Using the volume obtained in (b) (i), calculate the number of moles of silver ion and chloride ion used. Then, calculate the number of mole of chloride ion that will react with 1.0 mol of silver ion.

(ii)

(iii) Based on the calculation in (b) (ii), write the ionic equation for the formation of silver chloride. . (c) Predict the height of precipitate formed when 3.50 cm3 of silver nitrate solution is added into 5.00 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chloride solution. ..

END OF MODULE

4541

CHEMISTRY