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1 Sketch the given functions and find their Laplace Transforms from first principles.
i.
ft ft
et 0 t 1
ii.
1.2 From first principles, find the Laplace transform F s f t where i. f t 3t ii. f t e 2t Check your answers by using the table of standard transforms. 1.3 Use the properties and table of standard Laplace transforms to find f t i. f t 1 2t t 2 2 ii. f t 3 cos 2t 2e 3t iii. f t 2 sinh 3t t 4 iv. f t cos 2 t v. f t 2 sin 3t Hint :use the addition formula to expand f t . 3 Simplify your answers where appropriate. Answers 1. 1 i. 1. 2 i. 1. 3 i. iii. v. 1 e 2 s1 s1 3 s2 s2 2 2s 3 6 24 s5 s 9
2
if
1 e s s2 1 s2 s 2 9s 8 s 3 s2 4 s2 2 s s2 4
3s3 s2 9
Further Properties of Laplace Transform 2.1 Use the First Shift Theorem to find f t i. f t 2te 3t ii. f t e t sin 2t iii. f t 1 e 2t sinh 3t 3 iv. f t 1 t 4 e t 4 if
2.2 Use the theorem on differentiating the Laplace Transform to find f t i. f t t cos 3t ii. f t t sinh 3t iii. f t te t sin t Answers 2. 1 i. iii. 2. 2 i. iii. 2 s3 2 1 s 2 4s 5 s2 9 s2 9 2 2 s1 s 2 2s 2
2
where
2 s 2 2s 5 6 s1 5 6s 2 s2 9
Method of finding Inverse Laplace Transform 3.1 Use the table of standard transforms to find the inverse Laplace transform of 1 i. s2 4 ii. 2 3 s2 s3 2 iii. s3 3s iv. 10 s 2 25 s3 v. 22 s 4
3.2 Use partial fractions and the table of standard transforms to find the inverse Laplace transform of s2 i. s 2 4s 2s 1 ii. s2 s3 iii. 2 3 s 5s 4 5 iv. s 2 s2 1
3.3 Use the First Shift Theorem to find 1 F s 4 i. F s 2 s 6s 13 5 ii. F s s2 3 iii. F s 2 s 1 s 2s 5 iv. F s 2 2s 3 s 4s 3
where
Answers 3. 1 ii. iii. 2e 3t 2t 3 t 2 2 iv. 2 sin 5t 3 cos 5t v. 2 cosh 2t 3 sinh 2t 2 1 1 e 4t 3. 2 i. ii. e 2t e 3t 2 iii. e t e 4t iv. e 2t cos t 2 sin t 5 t 2 e 2t 3. 3 i. 2e 3t sin 2t ii. 2 t iii. e cos 2t iv. e 2t 2 cosh t sinh t
Application of Laplace Transforms to Differential Equations 4.1 Obtain the Laplace transform of the following expressions in y t where yt Ys: dy i. 3 2y if y 1 at t 0 dt
ii.
y" 2y 3y if y 0 1 , y 0 2
4.2 Use the Laplace transform method to solve the following initial - value problems: i. 2y y 0 ; y 0 2
ii.
iii.
4.3 Use the method of Laplace transforms to solve the following initial - value problems: i. x" x t ; x 0 0 , x 0 2
ii.
y" y sin t ; y 0 0 , y 0 1
4.4 Use the Laplace transform method to solve the system of equations dx x y 0 dt dy x y 0 dt ; ; x0 1 y0 0
4.5 Use the method of Laplace transforms to solve the initial - value system dx x 3y 0 dt dy 3x y e t dt Answers 4. 1 i. 4. 2 i. 3s 2 Y 3 2e 1/2t ii. ii. s 2 2s 3 Y s 1 1 e 4t 2 1 3 sinh t sin t 2 e t 2 cos 2t ; ; x0 0 y0 0
ii. iv.
1 sin 8 t 8
x t 1 X 1 1 1 s2 1 s2 t sin t sin t
4.3 ii.
; y 0 0 , y 0 1 s2Y s y 0 y 0 Y 2 1 s 1 s2 1 Y 1 2 1 s 1 1 1 Y 2 s2 1 s 1 s2 1 y" y
1 1 1 1 4 s1 4 s1 s2 1 2 s2 1 1 1 1 1 y t 1 4 s1 4 s1 s2 1 2 s2 1 sinh t 1 e t e t 1 sin t 4 2 sinh t 1 sinh t 1 sin t (since sinh t 1 e t e t ) 2 2 2 3 1 sinh t sin t 2 2
4.3 iii.
x " 2x 2x 3e t ; x 0 2 , x 0 5 x " 2x 2x 3 e t s 2 X s x 0 x 0 2 sX x 0 2X 3 s1 s 2 2s 2 X 3 1 2s s1 X s1 3 s1
2
1
1 2s 2 s1 1 s1 21
y" 2y y 4e t cos 2t ; y 0 y 0 1 y" 2y y 4 e t cos 2t 4 s1 s 2 Y s y 0 y 0 2 sY y 0 Y s1 24 4 s1 s 2 2s 1 Y s 1 s1 24 4 s1 s1 Y 2 s1 s1 2 s1 24 1 4 s1 s1 s1 24 1 1 s 1 s1 s1 s1 24 s1 24 s1 2 s1 s1 24 y t 2e t e t cos 2t e t 2 cos 2t
x0 1
4.4
Eq.(1)
y0 0
Eq.(2)
s 1 Eq.(2)
s 1 2X s 1 Y s 1 s1 YX 0 s 1 2X X s 1 s1
2
1 X s1 s1 X s1 21 x t e t cos t
Hence
From the given first differential eq.: dx x y 0 dt y t x dx dt e t cos t d e t cos t dt e t cos t e t sin t e t cos t e t sin t x t e t cos t, y t e t sin t Hence solution is
4.5
dx x 3y 0 0 dt sX x 0 X 3Y 0 s 1 X 3Y 0
x0 0
Eq.(1)
dy 3x y e t dt
0
y0 0
sY y 0 3X Y
1 s1 s 1 Y 3X 1 s1
Eq.(2)
Eq.(1)
3
Eq.(3)
3 s 1 X 9Y 0
Eq.(2)
s1
Eq.(4)
s2 1 Y 3 s 1 X 1
Eq.(3) Eq. (4)
9Y s 2 1 Y 1 Y s 2 1 9 1 1 21 s2 1 9 s 8 y t 1 sin 8 t 8 Y
Hence
1 sin 8 t 8
8 cos 8 t 8
e t 1 sin 8 t cos 8 t 8
, yt
1 sin 8 t 8