4/11/2013

1

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
Ai r Ref r i ger at i on Cyc l es
Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning Theory
T. Y. B. Tech. Mechanical Engineering
ME 0308 SEM - VI
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
Outline
Reversed Heat Engine Air Standard Cycles :
ReversedCarnot Cycle
ReversedJ ouleCycleor Bell ColemancycleRefrigerator
Application for cooling
Numericals..!!!
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
Note:
Refrigeration effect can be expressed in 2
ways:
1)Rn=Mrefrigerant *Cprefrigerant.*(T1-T4)
2)Rn=Mice *Cpice *(T1-t4)
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Refrigerator & Heat Pump
Compressor
Condenser
Evaporator
Expansion
Valve
W
net, in
Surrounding Air
Refrigerated Space
Q
H
Q
L
High Temp
Source
Low Temp
Sink
Q
H
Q
L
W
net, in
4/11/2013
2

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Air Refrigeration System
One of the earliest method.
Obsolete due to low COP and high operating cost.
Preferred in Aircraft Refrigeration due to its low weight.
Characteristic :
- Throughout the cycle, Refrigerant remains in gaseous state.
Air Refrigeration
Closed System Open System
Air refrigerant contained within
piping or components of system.
Pressures above atm. Pr.
Refrigerator space is actual room to be cooled.
Air expansion to atm. Pr. And then
compressed to cooler pressure.
Pressures limited to near atm. Pr. levels..

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Air Refrigeration System
1. Suction to compressor in Closed System may be at high pressures. Hence,
the size of Expander and Compressor can be kept small.
Closed System Vs. Open System :
2. In Open Systems, air picks up the moisture from refrigeration chamber. This
moisture freezes and chokes the valves.
3. Expansion in Open System is limited to atm. Pr. Level only. No such restriction
to Closed System.

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Reverse Carnot Cycle
3
2
1
4
Isotherms
Adiabatic
T2
Expansion
Compression
T1
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
Volume
P V Diagram
3 2
1 4
T1
Expansion Compression
T2
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
T s Diagram

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Operation :
3 4 : Adiabatic Expansion.
Temp. falls from T
2
to T
1.
Cylinder in contact with Cold Body at T
1.
4 1 : Isothermal Expansion.
Heat Extraction from Cold Body.
1 2 : Adiabatic Compression.
Requires external power.
Temp. rises from T
1
to T
2.
Cylinder in contact with Hot Body at T
2
2 3 : Isothermal Compression.
Heat Rejection to Hot Body.
Reverse Carnot Cycle
3 2
1 4
T1
Expansion Compression
T2
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
T s Diagram
4/11/2013
3

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Heat Extracted from Cold Body : Area 1-1-4-4
= T
1
X 1-4
Work done per cycle : Area 1-2-3-4
= (T
2
T
1
) X 1-4
( )
1 2
1
1 2
1
) 4 1 ( ) (
) 4 1 (
4 3 2 1
4 4 1 1
T T
T
X T T
X T
Area
' ' Area
Done Work
Extracted Heat . e . i Effect n frigeratio Re
COP

=


=


=
=
Reverse Carnot Cycle
3 2
1 4
T1
Expansion Compression
T2
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
T s Diagram

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
in net
L
R
W
Q
Input quired
Output Desired
COP
,
Re
= =
First Law of Thermodynamics gives;
Work
net,in
= Q
H
- Q
L
L H
L
L H
L
R
T T
T
Q Q
Q
COP

=
Reverse Carnot Cycle
Generalised Form :
3 2
1 4
TL
Expansion Compression
TH
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
T s Diagram

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Similarly; for Heat Pump :
Reverse Carnot Cycle
1 2
2
1 2
2
) 3 2 ( ) (
) 3 2 (
4 3 2 1
3 4 1 2
T T
T
X T T
X T
Area
' ' Area
Done Work
Supplied Heat
COP

=


=


=
=
3 2
1 4
T1
Expansion Compression
T2
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
T s Diagram
Heat Supplied to Hot Body : Area 1-1-4-4
= T
1
X 1-4
Work done per cycle : Area 1-2-3-4
= (T
2
T
1
) X 1-4

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
First Law of Thermodynamics gives;
Work
net,in
= Q
H
- Q
L
L H
H
L H
H
R
T T
T
Q Q
Q
COP

=
Reverse Carnot Cycle
Generalised Form :
3 2
1 4
TL
Expansion Compression
TH
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
T s Diagram
in net
H
HP
W
Q
Input quired
Output Desired
COP
,
Re
= =
Thus;
COP
HP
= COP
R
+ 1
4/11/2013
4

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Reverse Carnot Cycle
L H
L
L H
L
R
T T
T
Q Q
Q
COP

=
3 2
1 4
TL
Expansion Compression
TH
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
CASE A) Lowest Possible Refrig. Temp., T
L
= 0
0
0
0
=

=
H L H
L
R
T T T
T
COP
CASE B) Highest Possible Refrig. Temp., T
L
= T
H
= =

=
0
H
H H
H
L H
L
R
T
T T
T
T T
T
COP
Refrigerator :
Thus;
0 < COP
R
<

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Reverse Carnot Cycle
L H
H
L H
H
HP
T T
T
Q Q
Q
COP

=
3 2
1 4
TL
Expansion Compression
TH
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
CASE A) Lowest Possible Refrig. Temp., T
L
= 0
1
0
=

=
H
H
L H
H
HP
T
T
T T
T
COP
CASE B) Highest Possible Refrig. Temp., T
L
= T
H
= =

=
0
H
H H
H
L H
H
HP
T
T T
T
T T
T
COP
Heat Pump :
Thus;
1 < COP
HP
<

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Reverse Carnot Cycle
3 2
1 4
TL
Expansion Compression
TH
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
CONCLUSIONS :
1. Cold Body Temp., (T
L
) should be
AS HIGH AS POSSIBLE!!
2. Hot Body Temp., (T
H
) should be
AS LOW AS POSSIBLE!!!
Thus;
0 < T
L
< T
H
0 or 1 < COP <

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Example 1
A Carnot Refrigerator requires 1.3 kWper tonne of refrigeration to maintain a region at
low temperature of -38 C. Determine:
i) COP of Carnot Refrigerator.
ii) Higher temperature of the cycle.
iii) Heat delivered and COP, if the same device is used Heat Pump.
| |
| |
| |
| | | |
7 2
3600 3 1
660 12
3 1
1
.
) /hr sec ( ) kW . (
hr / kJ ,
kW .
tonne
done Work
absorbed Heat
COP
refrig
= = = = .ANS
| |
| |
K T
K T
K
.
K T T
K T
COP
refrig
322
235
235
7 2
1
2 1 2
1
=

= .ANS
Heat Delivered as Heat Pump ;
| | | |
| |
| | sec / kJ . .
hr / kJ ,
kW . tonne
done Work absorbed Heat
816 4 3 1
3600
660 12
3 1 1 = + = + =
+ =
.ANS
| |
| |
7 3
3 1
816 4
.
kW .
sec / kJ .
done Work
delivered Heat
COP
HP
= = = .ANS
4/11/2013
5

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Example 2
A refrigerating system works on reverse Carnot cycle. The higher temperature in the
system is 35 C and the lower temperature is -15 C. The capacity is to be 12 tonnes.
Determine :
i) COP of Carnot Refrigerator.
ii) Heat rejected from the systemper hour.
iii) Power required.
| |
| |
| |
16 5
258 308
258
1 2
1
.
K
K
K T T
T
COP
refrig
=

= .ANS
| | | |
| | hr / kJ . Input Work
Input Work
hr / kJ , X
Input Work
tonne
.
Input Work
Effect . frig Re
COP
refrig
86 29441
660 12 12 12
16 5
=
= = =
.ANS
| |
| | kW .
hr / kJ . hr / Input Work
Power 178 8
3600
86 29441
3600
= = =
Heat Rejected / hr = Refrig. Effect / hr + Work Input / hr
= 12 x 12,660 [kJ/hr] + 29,441.86 [kJ/hr] = 1,81,361.86 [kJ/hr]. .ANS

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Example 3 (Imp)
Ice is formed at 0 C from water at 20 C. The temperature of the brine is -8 C. Find out
the kg of ice per kWh. Assume that the system operates on reversed Carnot cycle. Take
latent heat of ice as 335 kJ/kg.
| |
| |
46 9
265 293
265
1 2
1
.
K K
K
K T T
K T
COP
refrig
=

=
Heat to be extracted per kg of water ( to from ice at 0 C)
R
n
= 1 [kg] x C
pw
[kJ/kg.K] x (293 273) [K] + Latent Heat [kJ/kg] of ice
= 1 [kg] x 4.18 [kJ/kg.K] x 20 [K] + 335 [kJ/kg]
= 418.6 [kJ/kg].
Also, 1 [kW-hr] = 1 [kJ] x 3600 [sec/hr] = 3600 [kJ].
] [ 35 81
] [ 3600
] [ 6 418 ] [
46 9
] [
] [
kg . m
kJ
kg / kJ . X kg m
.
kJ done Work
kJ Effect . frig Re
W
R
COP
ice
ice
n
refrig
= =
= =
.ANS

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Vapour in Reverse Carnot Cycle
3 2
1 4
TL
Expansion
Compression
TH
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
x
4
x
1
Reverse Carnot Cycle :
Theoretically in Liq. Vap. zone.
Process 1 2 : Wet Compression
Inlet : Wet Vapour.
Outlet : Dry Saturated.
Process 3 4 : Flashing of Liq.
Isentropic Expansion.
Temp from T
H
to T
L
Both these Processes :
Practically VERY DIFFICULT with Piston Cylinder arrangement..!!

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Vapour in Reverse Carnot Cycle
3 2
1 4
TL
Expansion
Compression
TH
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
x
4
x
1
( )
4 1
Effect, ing Refrigerat h h Q R
abs n
= =
( ) ( )
H T
rej
h h h Q
fg 3 2
Rejected, Heat = =
( )
1 2
Work, Compressor h h W
comp
=
( )
4 3
ork, Expander W h h W
exp
=
( ) ( )
4 3 1 2
Net Work,
h h h h
W W W
exp comp
=
=
.(I)
( ) ( )
4 1 3 2
Net Work,
h h h h
Q Q W
abs rej
=
=
.(I)
4/11/2013
6

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Vapour in Reverse Carnot Cycle
3 2
1 4
TL
Expansion
Compression
TH
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
1 4
x
4
x
1
( )
( ) ( )
4 1 3 2
4 1
h h h h
h h
W
Q
COP
abs


= =
1
) (
1
1
1
4 1 4 1
3 2

|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

= =
h h
h
h h
h h W
Q
COP
H
T fg
abs

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Bell Coleman / Reverse Bryaton Cycle
Elements of this system :
1. Compressor.
2. Heat Exchanger.
3. Expander.
4. Refrigerator.
Work gained from Expander is used
to drive Compressor.
Hence, less external work is required.
Heat Exchanger
Cooling
Water
Refrigerator
Compressor Expander
Cold Air
Very Cold Air
Warm Air
Hot Air

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Bell Coleman / Reverse Bryaton Cycle
3
2
1
4
Isobars
Adiabatic
Expansion
Compression
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
Volume
P V Diagram
3
2
1
4
Expansion
Compression
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
Isobars
Adiabatic
T s Diagram

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Bell Coleman / Reverse Bryaton Cycle
3
2
1
4
Expansion
Compression
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Entropy
Isobars
Adiabatic
Heat Absorbed in Refrigerator :
) (
4 1
T T C m Q
P added
=
Heat Rejected in Heat Exchanger :
) (
3 2
T T C m Q
P rejected
=
If process changes from Adiabatic to Polytropic;
( )
1 1 2 2
1
V P V P
n
n
Q
comp

=
( )
4 4 3 3 exp
1
V P V P
n
n
Q
n

=
We know,
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

1
P
C R
4/11/2013
7

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Bell Coleman / Reverse Bryaton Cycle
Net Work Done :
( )
( )
( )
1 2 3 4
4 3 1 2
4 4 3 3 1 1 2 2
exp
1
1
1
1
T T T T C m
n
n
T T T T R m
n
n
V P V P V P V P
n
n
W W W
P
n comp
+
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
+

=
+

=
=

For Isentropic Process :

( )
1 2 3 4
exp
T T T T C m
W W W
P
n comp
+ =
=

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Bell Coleman / Reverse Bryaton Cycle
COP :
( )
1 2 3 4
4 1
1
1
) (
T T T T C m
n
n
T T C m
W
Q
Q Q
Added Work
COP
P
P
net
added
added rejected
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
=

( )
1 2 3 4
4 1
1
1
) (
T T T T
n
n
T T
COP
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Example 4
A Bell Coleman refrigerator operates between pressure limits of 1 bar and 8 bar. Air is
drawn from the cold chamber at 9 C, compressed and then cooled to 29 C before
entering the expansion cylinder. Expansion and compression followthe lawPV
1.35
= Const.
Calculate the theoretical COP.
For air, take = 1.4 and C
p
= 1.003 kJ/kg.
Polytropic Compression 1-2 :
] [ 2 482
1
8
282
35 1
1 35 1 1
1
2
1 2
K .
bar
bar
) K (
P
P
T T
.
.
n
n
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

Polytropic Expansion 3-4 :
] [ 6 176
1
8
) 302 (
4
35 1
1 35 1
4
1
4
3
4 3
K . T
bar
bar
T K
P
P
T T
.
.
n
n
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

3 2
1
4
PV
1.35
=C
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
Volume
P
2
= 8 bar
P
1
= 1 bar
282 K
302 K

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Heat Extracted from Cold Chamber :
] [ 7 105 ] 6 176 282 [ ] [ 003 1 ) (
4 1
kg / kJ . K . K X K . kg / kJ . T T C
P
= = =
Example 4.cntd
Heat Rejected to Heat Exchanger :
] [ 7 180 ] 302 2 482 [ ] [ 003 1 ) (
3 2
kg / kJ . K K . X K . kg / kJ . T T C
P
= = =
Net Work Done :
( )
( )
] [ 8 82
282 2 482 302 6 176 ] [ 003 1
4 1
1 4 1
1 35 1
35 1
1
1
1 2 3 4
kg / kJ . W
K K . K K . K . kg / kJ .
.
.
.
.
W
T T T T C m
n
n
W
net
net
P net
=
+ - - |
.
|

\
|

=
+
|
|
.
|

\
|

27 1
] [ 8 82
] [ 7 105
.
kg / kJ .
kg / kJ .
done Work
absorbed Heat
COP
refrig
= = = .ANS
4/11/2013
8

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Example 5
An air refrigeration open system operating between 1 MPa and 100 kPa is required to
produce a cooling effect of 2000 kJ/min. temperature of the air leaving the cold chamber is
-5 C, and at leaving the cooler is 30 C. Neglect losses and clearance in the compressor
and expander. Determine :
i) Mass of air circulatedper min. ii) Compressor Work, Expander Work, Cycle Work.
ii) COP and Power in kWrequired.
3 2
1
4
PV

=C
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
Volume
P
2
= 1 MPa
P
1
= 100 kPa
268 K
303 K
Polytropic Expansion 3-4 :
] [ 9 156
1 0
1
) 302 (
4
4 1
1 4 1
4
1
4
3
4 3
K . T
MPa .
MPa
T K
P
P
T T
.
.
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

Refrig. Effect per kg :

] [ 66 111
) 9 156 268 ( ] [ 003 1
) (
4 1
kg / kJ .
K . K X K . kg / kJ .
T T C
P
=
=
=

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Example 5.cntd
] [ 91 17
] [ 66 111
] [ 2000
min / kg .
kg / kJ .
min / kJ
kg per Effect . frig Re
Effect . frig Re
= = =
Mass of air circulated per min :
.ANS
Polytropic Compression 1-2 : ] [ 4 517
100
1000
) 268 (
4 1
1 4 1 1
1
2
1 2
K .
kPa
kPa
K
P
P
T T
.
.
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

.ANS
Compressor Work :
( )
( )
] [ 85 4486
268 4 517 ] [ 287 0 ] [ 91 17
1 4 1
4 1
1
1 2
min / kJ . W
K K . K . kg / kJ . min / kg .
.
.
W
T T R m W
comp
comp
comp
=
- - - |
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

.ANS

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Expander Work :
( )
( )
min / 42 . 2628
9 . 156 303 ) / 287 . 0 ( min) / 91 . 17 (
1 4 . 1
4 . 1
1
exp
exp
4 3 exp
kJ W
K K kg kJ kg W
T T R m W
=
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

.ANS
Example 5.cntd
Cycle Work = W
cycle
= W
comp
W
exp
= 4486.85 kJ/min 2628.42 kJ/min = 1858.43 kJ/minANS
076 . 1
min / 43 . 1858
min / 2000 . Re
= = =
kJ
kJ
required Work
Effect frig
COP
refrig
.ANS
Power required : kW
kJ
time
W
P
cycle
97 . 30
min sec/ 60
min / 43 . 1858
= = = .ANS

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems
Altitude Temp Why Refrigeration ??
Contributors to High Temp : 1. Heat Release from Occupants,
2. Ramming of Air,
3. Solar Radiations,
4. Control Devices,
5. Air Resistance, etc.
4/11/2013
9

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems
A. Heat Release from Occupants : Avg. 300 kJ / hr per person
+ Sweating due to Nervousness.
C. Solar Radiations : Through Glass Panes + Aeroplane Body
B. Ramming of Air : Dissipation of fast moving air relative to aeroplane
Heat Generation
in Incoming Air Temp.
D. Heat Release due to Control Devices : operating on Electrical Energy
10 15 kWfor medium size plane.
Cabin Temp : @ 40 50 C!!!

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems
Control Devices Ramming Effect Air Resistance
Heat Released by Occupants Solar Radiation

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
A) Basic Aircraft Refrigeration System :
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems
A) Basic Aircraft Refrigeration System :
4/11/2013
10

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems
B) Basic Aircraft Refrigeration System with Evaporative Cooling:

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems
B) Basic Aircraft Refrigeration System with Evaporative Cooling:

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems
C) Bootstrap System :

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems
C) Bootstrap System :
2
3
4
5
6
7
7
4/11/2013
11

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems
D) Reduced Ambient System :

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems
E) Regenerative System :

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-
VI
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Aircraft Refrigeration Systems
E) Regenerative System :

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Air Refrigeration Cycle - Merits / Demerits
Merits :
1. No risk of fire (as in case of NH
3
); as air is non flammable.
2. Cheaper (than other systems); as air is easily available.
3. Weight per tonne of refrigeration is quite low (compared to other systems).
Demerits :
1. Low COP (compared with other systems).
2. Weight of air (as Refrigerant) is more (compared to other systems).
4/11/2013
12

T.Y. B. Tech. Mech. Engg.
Air Refrigeration Cycles
ME 0308 SEM-VI Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Theory
Thank Y ou !