,

/ Sponsored by

TEMPUS
Education and Culture

JEP CD TEMPUS 18105/2003

Revision of Electrical Engineering Curricula
Based on New Technologies and Bologna Recommendations


, . .
, . .

, 2007.


.......................................................................................................................................2
1
2
3
4
5

................................................................................................................4
............................................................................................75
..........................................................................................83
......................................................................................................................................92
..................................................................................................................................123

.................................................................................................................................135


,
.

, .
:



( )



()
.
, ,
, .
, 15
22 , .
,
.
.
.
,
, .

. , .
.

. , ,
(
). ,
( ,
.).
, .
,
(FIFO ).
2


,
..
:

1.

,, .
a) ,, .
b) F, A=B=D=0, a C
. .
c) ,,
.
A

tLH
F

min
8ns
10ns
7ns

tHL
max
22ns
27ns
15ns

min
7ns
11ns
10ns

max
15ns
19ns
22ns

1.1
:
) ,,
F
F = A C D + A BC + BD + AC D
;
( 1.2).
, .
CD
AB

,,
:

H1

H1: A = 0, B = 0, D = 0, C
H2: B = 0, C = 1, D = 0,
H3: A = 0, C = 1, D = 1, B
H4: A = 1, B = 1, C = 1, D
H5: A = 0, B = 1, C = 0, D

00

00

01

11

01

11

10

10

H1
H3

1
1

H5

H4

1.2
4

H2

H2

)
A = B = D = 0, a C .
C ( 1.3).
,, :
tAmin= tHL6min + tHL9min = 11n + 10n = 21ns
tAmax= tHL6max + tHL9max = 19n + 22n = 41ns
:
tBmin= tLH3min + tLH5min + tLH9min = 8n + 10n + 7n = 25ns
tBmax= tLH3max + tLH5max + tLH9max = 22n + 27n + 15n = 64ns
,, , ,
(21ns; 64ns).
A=B=D=0
C
0
C
8n

22n

ACD
ACD=BD=0

18n

49n

ABC
11n

19n

F
21n

64n

1.3
) ,,
( ) ,
.
CD

00
01
11
10
AB

00
1
1
1
( 1.4) .
-:
01
1
1
1
AB D, ACD, BCD, ABC i ABC .
11

10

1
1

1.4
,, :
F = A C D + A B C + BD + A C D + A B D + A CD + BC D + A B C + A BC .
5

 2.
.
, .
?
AB C

BD

CD

2.1
:
2.1
F = A BC BD C D = A BC + BD + C D .
- ,

,, ( 2.2).
CD
AB

00

01

11

00

01

11

10

10

2.2
,, :
A = 1, C = 1, D = 1, B ( )
A = 1, B = 0, D = 0, C ( )
A = x, B = 1, C = 0, D ( )

F = A BC + BD + C D + BC + ACD + A B D ,
, -
F = A BCBD C D BC ACDA B D .

 F 2.3.
CD
AB

00

01

11

00

01

11

10

10

2.3
3.

a)

t = 0 B ,,0 ,,1,
C ( = C = 0),
F
. !
b) .
4

A+ B

B
1

B+C
BZ = B

6
BZ + C

3.1

tLHmin

tLHmax

tHLmin

tHLmax

10n

17n

10n

18n

12n

22n

13n

19n

:
) ,, .
A + B :

t1min = tHL4min + tLH7min = 10n + 12n = 22ns

t1max = tHL4max + tLH7max = 18n + 22n = 40ns,
B + C
t2min = tHL1min + tLH5min + tHL7min = 33ns
t2max = tHL1max + tLH5max + tHL7max = 54ns.
:
,,
= C = 0, B ( )
B , F.
3.2.
7

A=C=0

B
10n

18n

10n

18n

A+B

B+C
20n

35n

20n

35n

BZ = B

C =1
BZ + C = 0

F
22n

54n

3.2
b) 2 B
6 (, B
!). (
). F,
F = A + B + B + C + B + C = (A + B)( B + C)(B + C ) ,

( 3.3).
BC
A
0
1

00

01

11

10

3.3
A + C F,
F= A+B + B+C + B+ C + A+C ,
( 3.4).

A
B

3.4
4
.
1, 2, 3 4
.
tdtip .
) .
!
) X
. !
A1

A2
A3

A4

10
2

td min
8 ns
10 ns
12 ns

td tip
10 ns
15 ns
17 ns

td max
15 ns
22 ns
24 ns

4.1

- ,
X = A1A 2 + A 3A 4 + A1 A 3 A 4 + A1 A 2 A 3 A 4 ,
,,''
. ,
,
4.2.

A3A4
00
A1A2

01

11

10

11

10

00
01

4.2
9

 X ,
.
:
1. 1 = 0, 2 = 0, 3 = 1, 4 ,
2. 1 = 0, 3 = 1, 4 = 0, 2 ,
3. 2 = 1, 3 = 0, 4 = 1, 1 ,
4. 1 = 1, 2 = x, 4 = 1, 3 .
,
( 4.3).
1. 1 = 0, 2 = 0, 3 = 1, 4 ,
A3=1

2. 1 = 0, 3 = 1, 4 = 0, 2 ,

A1=A2=0

A3=1
A1=A4=0

A4

A2

A4
A1A2=0

A2
10ns

A3A4

10ns

A1A2=0

15ns

A3A4=0

15ns

A1A3A4=0

A1A3A4=0

A1A2 A3A4

A1A2 A3A4

25ns

25ns

X
32ns

32ns

42ns

3. 2 = 1, 3 = 0, 4 = 1, 1 ,

4. 1 = 1, 2 = x, 4 = 1, 3 .

A2=A4=1
A3=0
A1

A1=A4=1
A2=x

A3

A1
10ns

A1

42ns

A1A2=0

20ns

A1A2
A3A4=0

25ns

A3A4

10ns

15ns

A1A3A4

A1A3A4
A1A2 A3A4=0

A3

35ns

A1A2 A3A4=0

25ns

X
42ns

32ns

52ns

4.3
10

42ns

) 1 ,
. ,
.
( 4.4)
X = A1 A 2 + A1 A 3 + A 1 A 4 + A 2 A 4 + A 3 A 4
X = A1A 2 + A1A 3 + A1A 4 + A 2 A 4 + A 3 A 4
X = A1 A 2 A1 A 3 A 1 A 4 A 2 A 4 A 3 A 4 .

( 4.4)

(
)
X = (A1 + A 4 ) (A 2 + A 3 + A 4 ) (A1 + A 2 + A 3 )

X = A1 + A 4 (A 2 + A 3 + A 4 ) (A1 + A 2 + A 3 )

X = A1 + A 4 + A 2 + A 3 + A 4 + A 1 + A 2 + A 3 .
A3A4
00
A1A2

01

A3A4
00
A1A2

11

10

00

01

11

11

10

10

00
01

4.4

01

11

4.4

( 4.5).
A1
A2
A3
A4

4.5

11

10

 5
5.1 .
)
.
.
) ,

. 9
5.1. (t1,t2)
EN ,
t = 0.
) X = Y = 0,
Z = 0 t = 200 ns Z = 1.
X
1

3
5

Y
2

4
9

6
Z

LK7
LK8
EN

5.1a

F
F

5.1

tdmin
8 ns
10 ns
9 ns

tdtip
10 ns
15 ns
12 ns

tdmax
20 ns
27 ns
25 ns

F = ( X Y + XY ) Z + X Z .
, (, )
(. ) ,
F . 5.2
F , .
:
F = XY + XYZ + XZ ,
( )

F = XY + XYZ + XZ = X Y X Y Z X Z .
5.3 F .

12

XY

00
01

11
10

1
1

5.2

5.3

)
F.
t = t0 , F:
,
, (t < t0 + t1);
(t0 + t1; t0 + t2), t1

, t2 F ;

EN ( EN = 1, F = 1 .);
t > t0 + t2,
( 5.4).

t1 t2:

t1
F.
9,
:
t1= min {td3min + td5min + td7min ; td1min + td3min + td5min + td7min ; td4min + td5min + td7min;
td2min + td4min + td5min + td7min ; td6min + td7min ; td8min ; td8min}
t1= 10 ns.
, t2 .
.
, :
t2 = max {td3max + td5max + td7max ; td1max + td3max + td5max + td7max ; td4max + td5max + td7max;
td2max + td4max + td5max + td7max; td6max + td7max; td8max; td8max}
t2 = 99 ns.

13

X,Y,Z
t0

( XY + XY ) Z
t0+ 18ns

t0 + 99ns

XZ
t0 + 10ns

t0 + 27ns

EN
t0 + 27ns

t0 + 10ns

F
Prethodna
kombinacija

Blokiranje
izlaza

Naredna
kombinacija

5.4
,
t (t0 + 10ns; t0 + 99ns)
,, , ,
. 0
.

F = (XY + XY) Z + X Z + EN ,
EN=1, .

EN=1 => F=1 f (X, Y, Z) .
) 5.5.
:
1. t=0, F
, N 99ns.
2. ( . t0=200ns)
, .
( 10ns L8)
( 99ns).

14

t=0

X, Z
200n

Y
X, Z

20n

208n 220n

Y
20n

XY
27n

210n

227n

XY
27n

XY + X Y
52n

219n

252n

(XY + XY ) Z
79n

229n

247n

XZ
27n

EN

210n

T1 = (;99ns)

227n

TEN = ( t 0 + 10n; t 0 + 99n )

t 0 + 10n

99n

t 0 + 99n

F
108n

124n

219n

235n

5.5
6
a) 6.1
.
A = C = D = 0, a B 0 1.
.
b)
?
c) t = 0 ,
F
.

6.1
15

tdmin
8 ns
10 ns
10 ns

tdtip
10 ns
15 ns
12 ns

tdmax
14 ns
20 ns
15 ns


a) 1, 5, 6 9
( A = C = 0, a B

).
B 1 2, 2
BZ, B.
F 1.
5.2.
0

td

2td

3td

4td

5td

A=C = D=0

A+ B

B
C+B

BZ = B
BZ D

BZ D = 0
X = ( A + B)( B + C )

Y = BZ D

F = X +Y

6.2
) F :
1. ( 1, 5, 6 9)
,,1 ( (+C).
6.3.
2. B 5,
6, 7 8, 6.3.

16

5
B

BZ

A
B

A+B

B +C

11

10
8

12

6.3

6.3

: B,
2 4, !
, 1
6.4.
5

12
11

9
7

11
10

10

6.4

6.5

,
6.5. EN.L
.
c) ,
F. :
(A+B):
tdmin = td5min = 10ns
tdmax = td5max = 15ns
B:
tdmin = td1min = 8ns
tdmax = td1max = 14ns
C+ B:
tdmin = td1min + td6min = 18ns
tdmax = td1max + td6max = 29ns
17

BZ = B :

tdmin = td1min + td2min = 16ns

tdmax = td1max + td2max = 28ns
( D BZ) :

tdmin = td1min + td2min + td7min = 26ns

tdmax = 48ns
(Y = D BZ) :
tdmin = td1min + td2min + td7min + td10min = 36ns
tdmax = 63ns
X = (A + B)( B + C) :
tAmin = td5min + td9min = 20ns
tAmax = td5max + td9max = 35ns
tBmin = td1min + td6min + td9min = 28ns
tBmax = 39ns
X 6.6.

tAmin tAmax

tBmin tBmax

6.6
(
). F 6.7.
F:

tCmin = tAmin + t11min = 20n + 10n = 30ns

tCmax = tAmax + t11max = 35n + 15n = 50ns
tDmin = tBmin + t11min = 28n + 10n = 38ns
tDmax = tBmax + t11max = 39ns + 15n = 54ns
tEmin = tYmin + td11min = 36n + 10n = 46ns
tEmax = tYmax + td11max = 63n + 15n = 78ns

{
tC

{
tD

{
tE

6.7
6.8.
, , 30 ns 78 ns.

18

A=C = D=0

B
0

A+ B
10n 15n

B
8n

14n

C+B
18n

29n

BZ = B
16n

28n

BZ = B
24n

42n

BZ D
48n

26n

BZ D = 0

X = ( A + B)( B + C )
20n

39n

Y = BZ D
36n

63n

F = X +Y
30n

78n

6.8
7
7.1
F. 11
( 7.1), EN.
(1, 2) EN F
50 ns. t = 0,
A = C = D = 0, a B = 1.
tdmin tdtip
tdmax

8 ns
10 ns
20 ns
?

19

10 ns
9 ns

15 ns
12 ns

27 ns
25 ns

A
B

5
9

6
11

10

7.1

X Y
9 10 :

t1= max{td5max+td9max; td1max+td6max+td9max; td6max+td9max; td1max+td2max+td7max+td10max;

td3max+ td7max+ td10max; td1max+ td2max+ td4max + td8max + td10max; td8max + td10max}
= max { 25n + 27n; 20n + 25n + 27n; 25n + 27n; 20n + 20n + 27n + 25n;
20n + 27n + 25n; 20n + 20n + 20n + 27n +25n; 27n + 25n}
= max { 52n; 72n; 52n; 92n; 72n; 112n; 52n}= 112ns
EN 12
, t1= 112 ns.
EN=1, F=1
A, B, C D. , F .
, , EN=0
, B, C D. , EN
( 7.2).
. EN=1, F=0 .
, F ( 7.2).
X
Y
EN

X
Y
EN

EN

EN

7.2

7.2

, , EN
( 7.3 7.3, ).
EN=0, F .
20

X
Y
EN

X
Y
EN

EN

EN

7.3

7.3

F (tAmin; tAmax),
7.4:
tAmin = t1 + td11min = 112n + 9n = 121ns
tAmax = t1 + td11max = 112n + 25n = 137ns
, F TDV = 50 ns:
tBmin = tAmax + TDV = 137n + 50n = 187ns,
tBmin
=>
tBmin = t2 + td11min
t2 = tBmin td11min = 187n 9n = 178ns

tA min

tA max

tB min

tB max

7.4
(EN=1) X Y
. (.
) X Y
t2 = 178ns.
3 , B, C D 12.
t3 = min {td5min+ td9min; td1min+ td6min+ td9min; td6min+ td9min; td1min+ td2min+ td7min+td10min;
td3min + td7min + td10min; td1min + td2min + td4min + td8min + td10min; td8min + td10min}
= min{9n + 10n; 8n + 9n + 10n; 9n + 10n; 28n + 10n +9n; 8n + 10n + 9n;
38n + 10n + 9n; 10n + 9n} = min{19n; 27n; 19n; 35n; 27n; 43n; 19n} = 19ns
,
tul = t2 t3 = 178n 19n
tul = 159ns
7.5.

21

A=C = D= 0

A+ B
25n

B
20n

B +C
45n

X
72n

BZ = B
40n

D
20n

BZ D
67n

BZ
60n

BZ D
27n

Y
92n

EN
t1 = 112n

t 2 = 178n

F =1

7.5
:
1.
F=1. (F=1).
2. X Y t = 92ns,
(1=112 ). D=0 => Bz D = 0
27 ns.
Y , B=0 D=1 t=0!

22

F(A, B, C, D) = (1,2,6,9,10,12) + x (0,7,8,14).

F(A,B,C,D) :
) , ;
) , .

F .
, B, C D.
, ;
, . , 6

610 = 01102 = A B C D .
(x-)
, .
F.
)
.
,
8.2:
F = CD + ABD + BCD = CD + ABD + BCD = CDABDBCD .
F 8.3.
CD
AB
00

00

01

01

11

1
x

11

10

10

1
x

A
B

8.2

8.3

) ,
8.4.
:
F = ( A + B + C) ( B + D ) ( C + D ) = ( A + B + C) ( B + D ) ( C + D )
F = ( A + B + C) + ( B + D ) + ( C + D ) .

F 8.5.

23

CD
AB

00

00

01

11

01

10
A

11

B
F

x
C

10

8.4

8.5

9
- .
.
) F(A, B, C, D) = (0, 2, 5, 7, 8,10,11,13,14,15)

) Z(A, B, C, D) = (3,11,13,14,15) + x (10) .

F Z (
9.1 9.2, ). -
9.1 9.2.
) F(A, B, C, D) = A C + B D + B D
AB

CD

00

00

01

11

10
A

01

11

10

B
D

9.1

9.1

) Z(A, B, C, D) = A BD + AC + B CD
CD
AB

00

01

00

11

10
A

01
F

11
10

9.2

9.2
24

 10

F(A, B, C, D) = (2, 3, 4, 5, 7,10,11,12,14,15) .

:
) MUX 8/1;
) MUX 4/1.

) , .
,
EN. MUX 8/1 I0, I1, ..., I7,
2, 1 0.
MUX 8/1 :
F = EN ( A 2 A1A 0 I 0 + A 2 A1A 0 I1 + A 2 A1A 0 I 2 + A 2 A1A 0 I 3 +

+ A 2 A1A 0 I 4 + A 2 A1A 0 I5 + A 2 A1A 0 I 6 + A 2 A1A 0 I 7 ) .

,
. F ,
MUX8/1 ,
. 2=, 1=B, 0=C,
, EN=1, :
F = A B C I 0 + A B C I1 + A B C I 2 + A B C I 3 +

+ A B C I 4 + A B C I5 + A B C I6 + A B C I7 .

(10.1)

, F
F(A, B, C, D) = A B C D + A B C D + A B C D + A B C D + A B C D +
+ A B C D + A B C D + A B C D + A B C D + A BC D
MUX 8/1, (10.1):
F = A B C 0 + A B C ( D + D ) + A B C ( D + D) + A B C D +

+ A B C 0 + A B C ( D + D) + A B C D + A B C ( D + D ) ,
,
0
I0
F = A B C 0 + A B C 1 + A B C 1 + A B C D
1

+ A B C 0 + A B C 1 + A B C D + A B C 1
,
:
I0 = 0
I4 = 0
I1 = 1
I5 = 1
I6 = D
I2 = 1
I7 = 1
I3 = D
F
10.1.

I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7

F
MUX 8/1

EN

S2 S1 S0
A

10.1
25

:
.
, 10.2.
D,
, Ii = f(D), i=0,1,,7.
I0 = D 0 + D 0 = 0

I1 = D 1 + D 1 = 1

I0

I 2 = D 1 + D 1 = 1

I2

I 3 = D 0 + D 1 = D

I6

I4 = D 0 + D 0 = 0
I 5 = D 1 + D 1 = 1

I4

CD

00

01

11

10

00

I1

01

I3

11

I7

10

I5

AB

10.2

I 6 = D 1 + D 0 = D

I 7 = D 1 + D 1 = 1
) MUX 4/1,
,
.
, 1=, 0=B, 10.3.
, Ii = f(C,D), i=0,1,,3.
CD

00

01

11

10

00

I0

01

I1

11

I3

10

I2

AB

I0 = C
I1 = C + D

I2 = C + D
I3 = C

10.3
10.4.
C

I0
I1

I2

F
MUX 4/1

I3
1

EN

S1 S0
A

10.4

26

 11
11.1 MUX 8/1.
D0, D1, ..., D7 Y.
) D0= D1= D4= D5= D6= 0 D2= D3= D7=1,
S0=S1=1, S2=0 t =100ns S2=1,
18 Y1.
!
) S0, S1 S2 t = 0,
(tA, tB) ,
(tC, tD) , Y
40 ns?
) MUX 32/1
MUX 8/1.

tLHmin
8 ns
10 ns
7 ns

D0

tLHtip
10 ns
15 ns
12 ns

D1

tLHmax
22 ns
27 ns
15 ns

D2

D3

tHLmin
7 ns
11 ns
10 ns

D4

tHLtip
10 ns
15 ns
12 ns

D5

D6

tHLmax
15 ns
19 ns
22 ns
D7

S2
S1
S0
E
1

Y1
10

11.1

) - , . Y1
, . (

, . t (128ns, 179ns) EN=0).
4:

t1min = 118ns + tHL ILImin = 118n + 10n = 128ns

t1max = 134ns + tHL ILImax = 134ns + 22n = 156ns
8:
t2min = 125ns + tLH ILImin = 125ns + 7ns = 132ns
t2max = 164ns + tLH ILImax = 164ns + 15ns = 179ns
27


, .
11.2.
S0 = S1 = 1
S2
100n

S2
107n 115n

S2
115n

137n

D0 = D1 = D4 = D5 = D6 = 0
D 2 = D3 = D 7 = 1
LK4

118n

134n

LK8
125n

164n

LK 1 ,LK 2 ,LK 3 ,LK 5 ,LK 6 ,LK 7 = 0

Y1
128n

179n

11.2
) , ()
.

,
Y1
.
,
. ,
.
EN.
Di (
Si ):
t3max = max{tHLINVmax + tHLImax; tLHINVmax + tHLINVmax + tHLImax}
= max{15n + 19n; 22n + 15n + 19n} = max{34n, 56n} = 56ns
Dj 10?
, ,
- (1 8) D.
28

 - .
, D
tA= min{tLHINVmin; tHLINVmin + tLHINVmin}= min{8n,18n}=8ns
1 8
t4min = min{tLHINVmin + tLHImin; tHLINVmin + tLHINVmin + tLHImin}=
= min{8n + 10n; 7n + 8n + 10n} = 18ns
t4max = max{tLHINVmax + tLHImax; tHLINVmax + tLHINVmax + tLHImax}=
= max{22n + 27n; 15n + 22n + 27n}=64ns
Y1
t5max = t4max + tLHILImax = 64ns + 15ns = 79ns.
Dj=1
- (1 8) , Di=0,
.
, (. Y1 ) 1
Y1 1
9. Di =0 Y1=0
1-8 .
tC = max{t3max + tHLILImax; t5max}= max{78n;79n}=79ns
Y, 11.3, :
tYAmin = tC + tLHImin = 79n + 10n = 89ns
tYAmax = tC + tLHImax = 79n + 27n = 106ns
Y 40 EN
(EN=0):
tYBmin = tYAmax + 40ns = 106ns + 40ns = 146ns
tD = tYBmin tHLImin = 146n 11n = 135ns
EN ,
.
tB = tD tHLILImin tHLImin = 135n 10n 11n = 114ns
(t, tB) Di
. t, tB.
EN
tc

tD

Y
tYA min tYA max

tYB min tYB max

11.3
29

:

.
: , t=0
, F
40ns?
) MUX 32/1 MUX 8/1
11.4.
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
EN

EN1

D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
D13
D14
D15

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
EN

D16
D17
D18
D19
D20
D21
D22
D23

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
EN

D24
D25
D26
D27
D28
D29
D30
D31

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
EN

F
MUX 8/1

S2

S1

S0

S2

S1

S0

x
x
x
x
EN2

F
MUX 8/1

S2

S1

S0

S2

S1

S0

F
MUX 8/1

S2

S1

S0

S2

S1

S0

F
MUX 8/1

S2

S1

S0

S2

S1

S0

11.4
30

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
EN

F
MUX 8/1

S2

S1

S0

S4

S3

 12

F(A 4 , A 3 , A 2 , A1 , A 0 ) = (0, 2, 5, 6, 9,10,11,12,14,16,18,19, 22, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31)

) MUX 8/1
) MUX 8/1 . !
) MUX 4/1
MUX 8/1. (: EN!)

I0
I1
I2
I3

I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7

MUX 4/1

MUX 8/1

EN

EN
A1 A0

A2 A1 A0

12.1

) 1 ,
F=1; F=0:
F(4,3,2,1,0) = (1,3,4,7,8,13,15,17,20,21,23,25,26,29)

MUX 8/1 ,
( 12.2).
) MUX 8/1 :
2=2, 1=1, 0=0, :
I0 = A4 A3 + A4 A3 + A4A3 = A3 + A4
I1 = A4 A3
I2 = A4 A3 + A4 A3 + A4 A3 = A4 + A3
I3 = A4 A3 + A4 A3 + A4A3 = A4 + A3
I4 = A4 A3 + A4A3 = A3
I5 = A4 A3
I6 = A4 A3 + A4 A3 + A4 A3 + A4A3 = 1
I7 = A4A3
12.3.

31

1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
EN

EN1

F
MUX 8/1

S2

S1

x
x

S0

x
x

A2 A1 A0

0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
EN

EN2

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
EN

F
MUX 8/1

S2

S1

S0

F
MUX 8/1

S2

S1

S0

A2 A1 A0

1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
EN

F
MUX 8/1

S2

S1

S0

A2 A1 A0

12.2
)
A4

EN

F
MUX 8/1

S2

S1

S0

A4 A3

A2 A1 A0

1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7

A3

I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7

1
1

EN

F
MUX 8/1

S2 S1 S0
A2 A1 A0

12.3

32

) MUX 4/1
MUX 8/1 ( 12.4).
MUX 8/1
I0
I1
I2

I0
I1
I2

I3

I3

MUX 4/ 1

EN
A1

I4
I5
I6
I7

A0

I0
I1
I2
I3

MUX 4/ 1

EN
A1 A0

EN

A2 A1 A0

12.4
13
13.1 74HC138.
a) CS1.H, CS2.L CS3.L
50 ns.
t=0
2=1, 1=0=0. ?
b) ,
(. 210=1102,
210=1002)? !
c) F(A, B, C, D) = ABC + BCD + ABC
74HC138 .
d) 74HC138 5/32.

tLHmin
10 ns
11 ns
13

tLHtip
10 ns
15 ns
17

33

tLHmax
14 ns
23 ns
29

tHLmin
8 ns
11 ns
12

tHLtip
10 ns
14 ns
15

tHLmax
12 ns
20 ns
26

A2

A1

A0

Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
CS3

EN1

CS2
CS1

13.1

a)
(N=1)
EN = CS1 CS2 + CS3 = CS1 CS2 CS3

( )
( ,,1'') :
t1= max{tLHINVmax; tHLINVmax + tLHINVmax} = max{12n;11n+12n}=23ns.
CS1 , CS2 CS3 :
CS1 :

tA= t1-tLHImin= 23n 12n= 11ns

CS2 , CS3 :

tB= t1- (tLHNILImin + tLHImin) = 23n (10n + 12n) = 1ns

:
, ,
N!

34

 N?
t2min= 23ns
t2max = max {tA+ tLHImax; tB + tLHNILImax + tLHImax}=
= max {11n + 29n; 1n + 22n + 29n}= max{40n; 52n}
= 52 ns
Y4 :
t3min = t1 + tHLNImin = 23n + 10n= 33ns
t3max = max{tA + tLHImax + tHLNImax; tB + tLHNILImax + tLHImax + tHLNImax}
= max{11n + 29n + 19n; 1n + 22n + 29n + 19n} = max{59n; 71n}= 71ns
Y 4 50ns
t4min = t3max + 50ns = 71n + 50n = 121ns
, 4 CS1 , CS2 CS3 :
CS1 :

t4min = tA1 + tHLImin + tLHNImin => tA1= 121n 11n 10n = 100ns,

CS2 , CS3 : t4min = tB1 + tHLNILImin + tHLImin + tLHNImin

=> tB1= 121n 10n 11n 10n=90ns,

EN1 EN:
EN1:

t5min = tB1 + tHLNILImin = 90n + 10n = 100ns

t5max = tB1 + tHLNILImax = 90n + 19n = 109ns

EN:

t6min = min {tA1 + tHLImin; tB1 + tHLNILImin + tHLImin} = min {111n;111n}= 111n
t6max = tA1 + tHL Imax = 100n + 25n = 125ns
: t6x CS1 , ,
CS2 CS3 , EN .
Y 4 :
t4max = t6max + tLHNImax = 125n + 22n = 147ns
:
t7 = t6max min{tHLINVmin; tLHINVmin + tHLINVmin}= 125n min{7n, 15n}
t7 = 118ns

EN .
, .

35

A2
118n

A1, A0
118n

A2
11n

126n

A1, A0
125n

12n

A2
23n

133n

23n

133n

A1, A0

CS 1
11n

100n

CS 2, CS 3
1n

90n

EN 1
11n

100n 109n

23n

EN
23n

52n

111n

125n

Y4
33n

71n

121n

147n

Yi = 1
i = 0,1,2,3,5,6 ,7

13.2
b) (=1) ,
,
, . .
, 210 = 1102 210 = 1002,
13.3

36

A2 = 1

A0 = 0

A1
t=0

A1
td

A1
2td

Y6
3td

Y4
2td
T

13.3
td,
(2 td, 3 td) (Y4 Y6) .
, 1 0,

.
13.4.
A2, A0 = 1

A1
0

A1
8n

12n

A1
15n

23n

Y6
25n

45n

Y4
18n

13.4
37

31n

 t (18ns;45ns) (
). , . EN=0, .
c)

F(A, B, C, D) = ABC + BCD + ABC .
DEC 3/8
( 13.5).
CD 00
AB

01

11

10

00
01
11

10

13.5
B=1 . B
CS1, :
F(A, B, C, D) = B (AC + CD + AC) = B (AC D + AC D + ACD + ACD + ACD + ACD)
, F
F(A, B, C, D) = B F1(A, C, D) = B (2,3,4,5,7)
A

A2

Y0

A1

Y1

A0

Y2
74HC138

Y3
Y4

TAKT.L

CS1

Y5

CS2

Y6

CS3

Y7

13.6
d) DEC 5/32 74HC138 13.7.

38

A0

A0

Y0

Y0

A1

A1

Y1

Y1

A2

A2

Y2

Y2

Y3

Y3

Y4

Y4

CS1

Y5

Y5

CS2

Y6

Y6

CS3

Y7

Y7

A0

Y0

Y8

A1

Y1

Y9

A2

Y2

Y10

Y3

Y11

Y4

Y12

CS1

Y5

Y13

CS2

Y6

Y14

CS3

Y7

Y15

A0

Y0

Y16

A1

Y1

Y17

A2

Y2

Y18

Y3

Y19

Y4

Y20

CS1

Y5

Y21

CS2

Y6

Y22

CS3

Y7

Y23

A0

Y0

Y24

A1

Y1

Y25

A2

Y2

Y26

Y3

Y27

Y4

Y28

CS1

Y5

Y29

CS2

Y6

Y30

CS3

Y7

Y31

A3
74HC138
A4
1

A0

Y0

A1

Y1

A2

Y2
74HC138

Y3
Y4

CS1
CS2

TAKT.L

CS3

Y5
Y6
74HC138

Y7
1

74HC138
1

74HC138
1

13.7

39

 14
) 14.1 .
, B, C D
.
tdtip .
) F
. !
) F MUX 4/1
.
) F DEC 3/8
.
) ,
. 7
8, EN.
F .
(t1,t2) EN F,
t=0.
) 14.1,
( EN ))
.
A

DO
D1
D2
D3

AO
A1
A2

EN

MUX 4/1
EN

DEC 3/8

S1 S0

Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7

B
C

D
t=0

14.1

td min
7 ns
10 ns
9 ns

td tip
10 ns
15 ns
12 ns

td max
13 ns
20 ns
17 ns

) - ,
(,, ), :
CD
1. A = 0, B = 1, C = 0, D ,
00
01
11
10
AB
2. A = 1, B = 1, C = 0, D ,
00
3. B = 1, C = x, D = 0, A .

14.2
F ,
14.3
.

01

11

10

14.2
40

1. =0, B=1, C=0, D,

2. =1, B=1, C=0, D,

3. B=1, C=x, D=0, .

B=1
A=C=0

A=B=1
C=0

B=1
D=0

C=x

AD=0

10ns

10ns

AD=0

A
25ns

ABD
BCD

10ns

ABD

25ns

AD

BCD

15ns

25ns

BCD=0

F
27ns

15ns

ABD

15ns

37ns

27ns

37ns

F
27ns

37ns

14.3
) 14.4.
F = AC + BC + BD = AC BC BD

CD
00

AB

01

11

10
A

00
01

11

10

1
1

14.4
14.5.
F = (A + B)( C + D )(B + D ) = A + B + C + D + B + D

CD
AB
00

00

01

11

10

A
B

01

11

10

14.5

, F.
) S1 = C S0 = D, F
( 14.6),
, Ii = f(, B), i = 0, 1, 2, 3.
F MUX 4/1 14.7.
41

CD

00

01

11

10

00

I1

01

I2

11

10

I1

I3

I2

AB

I0

I0

I3

EN

S1 S0
C

14.6

MUX 4/1

14.7

) DEC 3/8
14.8 2=, 1=B 0=C 14.8 2=B, 1=C 0=D.

14.8

14.8

) 14.9.

EN.
A
B

EN

14.9

t=0, 8 :
t1 = min{td1min+td4min; td4min; td5min; td2min+td5min; td5min; td6min; td3min+td6min}
42

t1 = min{7 ns+10 ns; 10 ns; 10 ns; 7 ns+10 ns; 10 ns; 10 ns; 7 ns+10 ns }
t1 = 10 ns,
:
t2 = max{td1max+td4 max; td4 max; td5 max; td2 max +td5 max; td5 max; td6 max; td3 max +td6 max}
t2 = max{13ns+20 ns; 20ns; 20 ns; 13ns+20ns; 20ns; 20ns; 13ns+20ns }= 33 ns.
, ,
8, . 14.10.

EN
10 ns

33 ns

14.10
) 14.11.

14.11

43

 15
1 , B, C
D t=0. ,
150 ns.
) 15.1
EN Y
. EN.
) BCD=1100 t1=150 ns
BCD=0111, ( EN).

FF0, FF2
FF1, FF3

td min
7 ns
11 ns
10 ns
50 ns
45 ns

td tip
9 ns
15 ns
13 ns
55 ns
50 ns

td max
12 ns
23 ns
20 ns
60 ns
55 ns

A
B
C
D
Y

EN

15.1

) t=0, 100 ns (
15.2).
t0,
F :
t 1 = t d Im in = 11ns ,

t 2 = t dINV max + t d Im ax + t dINV max + t d Im ax = 12 + 23 + 12 + 23 = 70ns

, (EN=1)
t ( t 0 + t 1; t 0 + t 2 ) .

44

 , EN
15.2.

15.2
) 15.3.
A=D

B =1

A
B=0

C
CD

CD
AB C D = 0
BCD = 0

B+ D =1

A+C
(A + C )(B + D)

15.3
45

 16
( , ) ,
?
,
-.
4

F(D, C, B, A) = (0,1,2,4,5,7,13,14,15) .

:
,
1 (0,1,2,4,5,7,13,14,15).
0.

:
F

BA

00

01

11

10

00

01

11

10

DC

16.1
,
, ().
,
, . (

B , 01 10, D==0,
B.)
-
, , :

F = D B + CA + BCD + D C A =

F = D B CA DCB D C A
(
,
- - ):

46

D
B

D
C
A

16.2

17
,
?
,
.
4

F(D, B, C, A) = (0,1,2,3,5,7,8,10,12,14) .

:
( ,
). , (
,
):

17.1
( )
, D 1 0, B===0 (
- ).
47

, ,
( ).
,
.
(F), ()
:

F = D B + DA + DA + BA

N = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 4 = 12


.

)(

F = D + A D + B + A
N = 2 + 3 + 2 = 7

, .

(7 < 12).
:
D
A

D
B
A

17.2
18
,
- .
f (A, B, C) = (A + B) C + A B
:
.
, ,
.

F(A, B, C ) = (A + B)C + AB = AC + BC + A + B =

) (

)(

) (

)(

= A B + B C + A + A BC + A B + B C + C + A + A B C + C =
= ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + AB C +
+ ABC + ABC + AB C + AB C = (7,5,3,2,1,0,4 ) = (0,1,2,3,4,5,7 )
.
- ,

48

( ) . ,
?
, -:
- -
, - ,
-,
. -
F. ,
. ( )
F.
( ,
):
( -
):
BC

00

01

11

10

18.1
F = (6 )

F = ()(B)(C) = ()(B)(C) = + B + C
( ).
,
.(
: !)
, , ,
. , ,
, F F.
19
( , ) ,
. ,
- .
F( D , C , B, A ) =

(0,1,2,4,5 X ,6,9,11,13,15 ) .
49

:
,
, .
5 (DB=0101).
( X=1 X=0).
( )
( ), D 1 0.
(
. . X=1
, . (

- , ).

19.1
F(X = 0) = DA + DA + D C B + C BA

F(X = 1) = D B + DA + DA + BA

N(X = 0) = 2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 4 = 14

N(X = 1) = 4 2 + 4 = 12 < N(X = 0)

D B
B

D
A

F
D
A

B
A

19.2
50

 20
( , ) ,
. ,
- .
F ( D , C , B, A ) =

(0 X ,1,2,4,5,6,9,11,13 ,15 ) .

:
,

= LI
.
F(x=0)
BA
DC

00

00
01

F(x=1)

EH

01

11

BA

EH
00

01

00

01

10

DC

11

11

11

10

10

F(x = 0) = B A + DA + D CA + D BA + D C B
N(X = 0) = 2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 5 = 18

F(x = 1) = B A + DA + D A + D B

N(x = 1) = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 4 = 12 (< 18 )
:

51

10

D
A
D
B
20.1
21
(
Y ). ,
.
Y?
:

. ,
, (), , ,
.
. -
( ).
( X)
. ,
.
X
C

C
21.1
52

 , ,
:

21.2
,
:
, ( ),
, ,
.
: ,

( ).
22
,
, .
, ,
(, )
. .
, , ,
.
:

. Y
. (
Y.)
()
, ( ).
(F) , :

53

KM

Y=F
F

T .H

22.1

Y za T.H = 1
F = YH =

1 za T.H = 0

(
X) .
(
). ,
0 1,
.
.
Y, (
,
).
F (
, ,
):
(0), ( ).
(1), F Y ( Y
F , ).
.

X
Y
T. H
F
F 1

F Y

F 1

22.2
( , ):
54

X
Y
T.H
F
22.3

23
,
, .
(, )
, .
:
,
, (
). , : ,
. , , .

23.1
Y za T.H = 1
F=YH =

1 za T.H = 0

55

 23.2
23.2
.

24
,
, .
,
(, )
.
:
, (
). , : ,
. .
X

Y=F

KM

Takt

24.1
F = Takt + Y

= 0

F=Y

= 1

F=0

56

 24.2
25
, :
) 4/16 2/4 ) 4/12
2/4.
:
( )
( )
, EN (, ,
, ) .
( ), EN ,
. ,
, EN ,
.

, .
() .
):
.
DEK 2/4

X0
X1
EN

25.1

57

Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3

 4/16 (42=16) , X0,

X1,...X3, , Y0, Y1,...Y15,
,
.
2/4, .
4/16
2/4, 4
( , ). (
) .
( EN )
. N
. , ,
.
( ).
:
1) , ( 2/4)
( )
,
.
2) ,
, .
3)
, X.
4) , ,
(0 1).
5) , .

58

X0
X1
X2
X3

EN

Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3

EN

Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7

EN

Y8
Y9
Y12
Y11

EN

Y12
Y13
Y14
Y15

EN

25.2
) 4/12. (42>12)
, X0, X1,...X3 , Y0, Y1,...Y11.
2/4.
12 3 4 , ,
.
. .
26
F 3/8.
) ;
) C .
( B .)
F = AB + AB C + ABC .

:
( )
1, 0 ( ,
). , B
, .

59


, .
, .
,

) BC
) CB.
F(C, B, A) = AB + AB C + ABC =
ABC + ABC + AB C + ABC = CBA + C BA + C BA + C BA
3
2
4
6
6
2
1
3

C
B
A

X0
X1
X2

Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7

A
B
C

X0
X1
X2

F(A,B,C)

Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7

F(C,B,A)

26.1
.
27
. 1x4,
256x4.
:

1 X 4
220

256 X 4
218

R/W

R/W

27.1
60

A0

A17

DEK
2/4

A 18
A 19

EN

CS

D0
D1
D2
D3

R/W

27.2

61

 28
. 1x8,
256x4.
:

1 X 8
220 X 8

256 X 4
218 X 4

A0
A1

D0
D1

A0
A1

A19

D7

A17

CS

R/ W

CS

D0
D1
D2
D3

R/ W

R/W

28.1
62

 29
( ;
; 3 ).
:
) :
.
() .

( ): ,
, DV (Data Valid, ) 0.
, DV=1 .
, .
,
( ,
;
, ).
) ( ;
16 ):
X3
0
0
0
0
1

X2
0
0
0
1
X

X1
0
0
1
X
X

X0
0
1
X
X
X

Y3
X
0
0
1
1

Y2 DV
X
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1

Vie aktivnih

Koder

Prioritetna
Mrea
(P.M.)

Do
M = 2n

) .
. . ,
. ,
( ). ,
( ;
).

Jedan aktivan
29.1

: EN
() X2, Y2=1, , X2
, . X2=0,
63

Y2=0, .
Y0 X2 X1 .

29.2
30
( ;
XS3 NBCD ).
:
(
) ( ) , .
.

XS3 (Excess 3; 3) NBCD (Natural Binary Coded Decimal;

, BCD8421)
10 . N==4.
,
XS3 ( ) :
X3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

XS3
X2 X1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1

X0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

D
X
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
X
X
X

NBCD
C B
X X
X X
X X
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 1
1 0
1 0
1 1
1 1
0 0
0 0
X X
X X
X X

64

X
X
X
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
X
X
X


NBCD ( ):
D = X3X2+X3X1X0
D XX
1 0
00
X3X2

01

11

10

00

01

11

10

30.1
31
(
, ;
,
).
:
, ,
, .
, (P, ), :
o () , P=0.
o , P=1.

0, .
, N+1,
.
:
, ( G=0).
, (G=1). :
, .
. , G
, , ,
CD , .
P DCBA:

65

D
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

C
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

P
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0

P = D C B A + D C BA + D C B A + D CBA +
+ D C B A + D C BA + DC B A + DCBA =

(
)
(
)(
= (D C)(B A ) = (D C)(B A ) =

= D C + DC (B A ) + D C + D C B A =
= (D C) (B A )

, DCBAP, . G

,
( -).
X
.
, DCBAP G,
. .
,
( ,
, , B, C, D P,
):
D
C
B
A
G

31.1
G. 1,
( , ,
), 0, .
: (
), 0 ,
. (
Parity Generator/Checker.)
66

 32

(, MUX 64/1 MUX 48/1 MUX 16/1

).
:
:

1.

, (),
. (
, .
,
, ,

.
. )

2.

, Nx=+1
( , 2 ;
,
, ).

(MUX 64/1 MUX 48/1)

(MUX 16/1) .
MUX 64/1 64 (I0...I63), =ld(64)=6 (ld
2; 0...5), (Y) (EN). (EN
0 1, 0 1,
MUX ,
. , ,
EN=1 MUX , Y=0 MUX
).
MUX 48/1 48 (I0...I47), = 6 (
26>48>25, S0...S5), (Y) (EN).

32.1
67

 MUX 64/1 4 MUX 16/1 ,

4 .
(I0...I3) ,
(
, S3 =S2=0) MUX 64/1.
(I4...I15) (X).
EN 1, EN
EN MUX 64/1.
MUX 48/1 .
16/1 48 . I3
. .
: MUX 4/1
. (
), ,
MUX 16/1.
I0
I15
1

I16
I31
1

I32

X
X

I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5

I47

I15

0 0

I48
I63
1

Ne treba za
MUX 48/1

S3

S0

EN

32.2
68

S5 S4

 33
MUX 6/1 2/1.
:
. MUX 6/1 6
(I0...I5), = 3 ( 23>6>22, 0...2),
(Y) (EN).
.

MUX 6/1

MUX 2/1

I0
I1
1

I2
I3
1

I4
I5
x

EN

S0

S1

S2

33.1
6 MUX 2/1.
MUX 3/1, , , MUX 2/1.
, , 2/1.

MUX 6/1: S0, S1,
S2.
69

EN MUX 2/1 EN , EN
1 .
( ).
34
(, MUX 7/1 2/1).
:
:

MUX 7/1
I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6

MUX 2/1

EN

S2 S1 S0

34.1
70

 35
PAL ( , PAL 3/3/2:
f (A, B, C) = B + B C + A C
f (A, B, C) = B C + A B C

:
PAL 3/3/2 (
)

() -;
PAL ,
.

1) .
( 3),
,
,
PAL .
. ,
.
, .
2) , .
, .
, ,
X.
3)
. ,
.
4) ( ),
,
( ) .
1,
.
0, , , . (
0.
, ;

, .)

.

71

0
A

A
B

B
B

C
C

f1

BC

AC

BC

ABC

f2

35.1

36
PAL PLA,
) PAL 4/4/3
) PLA 4/4/3
f1 (A, B, C) = B + B C + A C

f 2 (A, B, C) = B C + A B C .
:
PAL ,
PAL PLA. ,
. PLA
, .

) PAL 4/4/3:
, X. ,
: , .
A

A
A

B
B

C
C

f2

f1

BC

AB C

BC

AC

36.1
72

) PLA :
1) . PLA 4/4/3 4 , 4
3 ,
.
PAL . , .
2) , .
, .
, ,
X.
3) , ,
. ,
.
4) ( ),
,
( ) .
,
.
5) :
.
A

A
A

B
B

C
C

f2

f1

BC

AB C

AC

36.2
37
PAL ( PLA,
) PAL 4/3/3
) PAL 4/2/3, :
f 1 (A, B, C) = B + B C + A C
f 2 (A, B, C) = B C + A B C

73

:
A

A
A

B
B

C
C

f1

f2

BC

AC

BC

AB C

37.1
) PAL , ,
. (

, .)
PAL 4/2/3 .
1 , PAL.
PAL , ,
, , ,
, , , PAL, .
( .)
A

A
A

B
B

C
C

B + BC

B + BC

f2

f1
B

BC

BC

B + BC

A BC

37.2
74

AC

1
SR .

( ):
( 1.1)

( 1.2)

1.1

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

1.2 SR-
Q
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Q+1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0

S
0
x
0
0
1
x
1
0

R
X
0
X
1
0
0
0
1

Qn

Q n +1

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
1
0
x

x
0
1
0

( 2.1)
( ) Qn,
(S R),
S = f (J, K, Qn) i
R = f (J, K, Qn).

1.1

S = J Qn ,
R = K Qn .

75

 1.2 SR .
S
C
R

J
C
K

Q
Q

1.2
2
.
:
2.1.
Q
0
1

Q+1
1
0

1
x

x
1

2.1.

Clk

2.1

2.1

: ( ) D ,
D = Q n ( 2.1).
3
- D .
:

Q
Q+1
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
D=f(J, K, Qn),

76

D = J Qn + K Qn .

2.1.

3.1
4
, (
).
:
( )
, .
()
() . Q.

, ,
() .
( ), ,
. SR D .
, SR D :
Q
0
0
1
1

Q+1
0
1
0
1

S R
0 X
1 0
0 * 1
X 0

0
1
*
X
X

X
X
1
0

0
1
1*
0

D
0
1
0
1

: ,
Qn Qn+1 ( ) SR,
, ( * ). D
. D
Qn+1.

77

 5
( ).
:
, ,
, X. .
, ,
Qn () ( :
), .
(), (X) ,
. ,
. ,
. (
), (
).

:
(tSU, set-up time)
.
(, hold time)
. (
.)
tSU + tH .
( ; . skew),
X.

X
Takt

>

5.1
6
. .
:
(
) Q,
, Q X (
).
Z. Q, X:
(ly; ):

78

 6.1
.
, ,
: Q ,
X.
Q, (r,
B):

6.2
,
Q ( 2) (
). .
( Z = Q )
( C). , .

6.3

,
().
( , , ,
. ,
.)
79

 7
:
0 00 11,
.
:
()
.
.

:
00 11
0. 1.
( )
(
00 11 , 00). 1.
, 00 (
.
(
B)
: 00. 1.
00.
00.
0 (
, ( C),
0.
01,
(11).
01, 10, 11 (
), 00 B,
.
B, 00 01 10,
.

7.1
: ( : =00, B=01, C=10),
.
80

 , . 11

. , 00
B, (01, 10, 11) .
, .
8
:
) 1 01 10;
) 1 01 01,
.
:
)
00/0
10/0
11/0

01/0
01/0

b
10/1
00/0
11/0

8.1
) 01 01, 1.
, ,
( ) .
00/0
10/0
11/0

01/0
01/1

b
00/0
10/0
11/0

8.2

81

 9
a (
).
:
Q
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

Q+1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0

0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1

T KQn

00

01

11

10

T = KQn + J Qn

J
T

>

Takt

9.1

82

1

, B C Z
)
) SR .
: ,
, .
Takt

ABC

100

000

010

4
110

010

000

7
101

1
100

A
B
C
Z

1.1
:
) ( ) .
, .

,
( Q) 3 5 ( ),
, .
Q .
Q (
) Q,
. Q 4 7 ,
. ( ,
t .)

83

Takt

ABC

100

000

010

110

010

000

101

1
100

A
B
C
Z
Q'

Q
4a

4b

7a 7b

1.2
( ) .
(
Q, ),
( ).
. BC 001, 011 111
,
. 100, Q=1.
Q'
Q

ABC 2
000 001

4a

7b

011

010

110

111

101

100

Z
Q

ABC
000

4b

7a

001

011

010

110

111

101

100

1.3
84

 , .
Q' = A B + A Q

Z = B + A Q
, :
Q' = A B + C Q
( , ,
.
, , .
,
. ,
, .)
,
( Q ,
). ,
, :
Q'

AB

4a

00

01

11

10

01

11

4b

10

7b

CQ
00

4b
4b

1.4

Q' = A B + C Q ,
QB = 0100 0101 ,

Q' = A B + A Q .

.
.

85

AB

00

01

11

10

00

01

11

10

CQ

1.5
.
A

Z
AQ

AB
Q'

1.6
: , ,
.
) SR ).

.
:
1) 4 S=1 =0 , Q 0 1.
2) 3 , S=0. 5 ,
S=0.
3) 5 6 , =0.
3 2 =0.
4) 2 , S=0. ,
6.
5) 7 e , =1 S=0.
86

6) 1 , S=0.
, , ,
=X.
Takt

ABC

100

000

010

110

010

000

7
101

1
100

A
B
C
Z
Q
S
R

1.7
S ,
, B .
, :
(,
).

(0 1) (X),
.

(0 1),
Q, .
: (
), ( ).

87

AB

S4

00

01

11

10

AB

00

01

11

10

R1

R7

1.8
:
S = AB
R=C
Y = B + A Q

), .
.
B

AQ
A
B
C

AB

1.9
2
SR , ,
.
00 ?
:
() SR (
.
,
. (
.)
( ), Q (
).

88

 , B,
.
( ) Z1 Z2.
(
, , B ,
, )
. ,
.
( Q)
( Q'). ,
Q , Q'
. Q, Q',
. , ,
, , (,
, ;
).
,
Q Q', (1 Q).
Z1
Q
Z2

<>

Z1

Z2

2.1
.
: Q' (
, .
( Q,
), ( ,
B, ).
B=11, ,
,
(
). . .
( ) 1 2
( ), B=00:
1 ( ). , (
), .
1. SR
( SR ). B ,
0. 1 (Q,
89

 , ), 2
Q.
Q AB
00
Q

01

11

10

Z1Z2 AB
00
Q

01

11

10

0*

0*

01

01

01*

01*

1*

1*

1*

11*

10*

10*

11

Q' = BQ A = BQ + A
Z1 = Q

Z1 = Z 2

Z 2 = BQ = B + Q

A=S

Z 1= Q

B=R

Z 2= Q

3
( ),
() .
. ?

Y
X1
X2

3.1
:
Z
Z (alternativno)
X1

Q'

X2
Q

3.2

90

Q' = X1 + Q + X 2 + Q = X1Q + X 2Q
Z = X1 + Q = X1Q
Q X1X2
00
Q

01

11

10

Z X 1X 2
00
Q

01

11

10

1*

1*

3.2
X1X2=00 ( ).
, Q=0 =1, Q=1 =0, !
, X1X2=11.
(
), .
.
. .
.
.

91

1
1.1 8 - .
tdFF=50ns, .
CLK=200 ns.

1.1

1.2.
, 50 ns.
(
Stanje).

( 2
P, B 4 , C 8
P).

1.2
92

 2
10 - .
, .

- ( . D- -, .
).

, , .
,
.
.
:
2 n 1 < M 2 n .

, =10 =4 .

() 00002, 10012;
, 10102,
.
D
B ( DCBA=10102), 12.1.

2.1
P, D, C, B
12.2.

93

 2.2

3
3.1 .
a) .
.
) 1 .
) 1 2 ( 3.1) 1, 2 3
50 ns.
) Q1, Q2 Q3 1, 2 3 3 .
t = 0.

3.1

FF0, FF2
FF1

3.1
94

tdmin
8 ns
10 ns
50 ns
55 ns

tdtip
10 ns
15 ns
55 ns
60 ns

tdmax
15 ns
22 ns
65 ns
70 ns


) :
J0 = Q2 ,

K0 = 1 ,

J1 = Q 0 ,

K1 = Q 0 ,

J 2 = Q1 Q 0 ,

K2 = 1.

Si
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Q2
Q1
Q0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

2 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 1

2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

Q2 Q1 Q0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0

Si
1
2
3
4
0
2
2
0

=5. 000, 001, 010, 011 100,
101, 110 111. ,
(. )
.

( 4.1).

111

1
0

001

000

101

010
100

011

110

3.2
)
f max =

1
,
TP + t SU

P
(,
), tSU
( , tSU =0).
95

 :
TP = max{t dFF2 max ,t dFF0 max ,t dFF0 max + t d Im ax , t dFF1 max + t d Im ax }
TP = max{65ns; 65ns; 87 ns; 92ns}
TP = 92ns .

,
f max =

1
= 10.87 MHz .
92ns

) EN
( 3.3):
T3 = max{t dFF0 max + t dINV max ; t dFF1 max + t dINV max ; t dFF2 max + t dINV max } ,
T3 = max{80ns;85ns;80ns} ,
T3 = 85ns .
EN 3 = 85 , 0, 1 2

t A min = T3 + t dINV min = 85ns + 10ns = 95ns ,

t A max = T3 + t dINV max = 85ns + 22ns = 107 ns .

DV=50ns,
t B min = t A max + TDV = 107 ns + 50ns = 157 ns ,

EN
t C = t B min t d Im in = 157 ns 10ns = 147 ns ,

, EN
T1 = t C T3 = 147 ns 85ns .
T1 = 62ns .

EN
EN=1+2 ,

T2 = TCLK T1 = 92ns 62ns .

T2 = 30ns

96

 3.3
) 3.4.

3.4.

97

 4
4.1 .
) .
) 1 .
tSU =5 ns, tH=7 ns.
) 1 2 ( 4.1) 0, 1 2
60 ns.
) CLK, EN, Q0, Q1 Q2 0, 1 2
.
t = 0. 150 ns.

4.1

FF0, FF2
FF1

4.1

:
) :
J 0 = Q 2 + Q1 ,

K 0 = Q1 ,

J1 = 1 ,

K1 = 1 ,

J 0 = Q1 Q 0 ,

K 0 = Q0 .

98

10
8
7
45
50

15
12
10
50
60

x
20
18
15
60
65

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Q2
Q1
Q0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0

2 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 0

Q2 Q1 Q0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1

7
2
0
5
3
6
1
5

( 4.1).
6. 0-7-56-1-2-0. ,
(. ) .

4.2
) :
TP = max{tdFF2max + tdILImax; tdFF1max + tdILImax; tdFF1max; tdFF1max + tdImax; tdFF0max + tdImax}
TP = max{60n+18n; 65n+18n; 65n; 65n+20n; 60n+20n}
Tp = 85ns,

f max =

1
1
1
=
=
.
Tp + t su 85n + 5n 90ns

) EN ( 4.3)
T3 = max{ tdFF0max; tdFF1max; tdFF2max}=65ns

t A max = T3 + t dI max = 65ns + 20ns = 85ns .

99

 DV = 60ns,

T4 = (85ns + TDV ) t d Im in = 145ns 10ns = 135ns .

1
1=135n-65n=70ns,
2
2=CLK-1=150n-70n=80ns.
EN
T4=135n

T3=65n
Oi
t dI max
85n

t dI max
TDV = 60 n

145n

4.3
) 4.4.

4.4
100

 5
D
6, 0-1-3-6-5-2-0. .
:
:
.
(5.1).
(
i i).
.
:
2 n 1 < M = 6 2 n .
, n=3 .
( 5.1).

5.1
Si
0
1
3
6
5
2

Q2
Q1
Q0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

D2
D1
D0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0

Q2 Q1 Q0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0

Si
1
3
6
5
2
0

Di, i=0,1,2, (
5.1).
D 2 = Q1Q 0 + Q 2 Q1
D1 = Q 0

D 0 = Q 2 Q1 + Q 2 Q0

1002=4 1112=7.

5.1
101

 5.2 .
Q0
Q1

>C

FF0

>C

Q2

>C

FF1

FF2

CLK

5.2
,
( 5.2).
(D2, D1 D0) .
5.2
Si
4
7

Q2
Q1
Q0
1
0
0
1
1
1

D2
D1
D0
0
0
1
1
1
0

Q2 Q1 Q0
0
0
1
1
1
0

Si
1
6

5.3.
,
.
4

0
1

5
6

5.3

102

 6
16 - .
:
16 :
2 n 1 < M = 16 2 n .

4 .
:
0, FF zadrzava prethodno stanje
Ji = Ki =
1, FF menja stanje

( 6.1).
6.1
Si
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1

3=3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

2=2 1=1 0=0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1

Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0

i i ,
:
3=3= Q2 Q1 Q0
2=2= Q1 Q0
1=1=Q0
0=0=1

103

3=3

2=2

1=1

0=0

6.1
6.2
.

J
CL
K

J
CL
K

Q
Q

J
CL
K

Q
Q

J
CL
K

Q
Q

Q
Q

CLK
Q0

Q1

Q2

Q3

6.2

1
,
f max =
t dFF + t dLK
tdFF , tdLK .
tsu = 0.
: , n- :
J n = K n = Q n 1 Q n 2 ... Q1 Q 0 .

104

 7
16,
, - .
CIN COUT.
:

( )
- CIN (Carry in)
- COUT (Crry out).

Q3Q2Q1Q0=11112,
C OUT = Q 3 Q 2 Q1 Q 0 C IN .

7.1 .

:
0=0= CIN
1=1=Q0 CIN
2=2= Q1 Q0 CIN = Q1 1
3=3= Q2 Q1 Q0 CIN = Q2 2
C
C OUT = Q 3 Q 2 Q1 Q 0 C IN = Q n J n

C IN

C
K

C OUT

CLK
Q0

Q2

Q1

Q3

7.1


f max =

1
.
t dFF + (n 1) t dLK

: 10- 4-
7.2.
105

 7.2

8
8.
:
3 . 7,
:
0, FF zadrzava pret.stanje
Ji = Ki =
1, FF menja stanje
(8.1).

8.1

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Q2
Q1
Q0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

2=2 1=1 0=0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1

:
0=0=1,
1=1= Q 0
2=2= Q1 Q 0 .
8.1.

106

Q2 Q1 Q0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0

 8.1

9

8, .
SMER ( SMER =1 , SMER =0
).
:
3 .
n-

J n = K n = Q n 1 ... Q1 Q 0 C IN ,

J n = K n = SMER Q n 1 ... Q 1 Q 0 C IN ,

J n = K n = SMER Q n 1 ... Q1 Q 0 C IN + SMER Q n 1 ... Q1 Q 0 C IN ,

-

COUT = Q N 1 ... Q1 Q0 CIN ,

C OUT = Q N 1 ... Q1 Q 0 C IN ,

C OUT = SMER Q n 1 ... Q 1 Q 0 C IN + SMER Q n 1 ... Q 1 Q 0 C IN .

9.1.
.
107

 9.1
10
10.1 .
SMER ( SMER = 1 , SMER = 0
).
) ,
x.
) SR ,
1, :
0000, 0001, 0010,..., N-1, N, N-1,..., 0010, 0001, 0000, 0001,...
N=1010.
b) fmax1 )
Q3, Q2, Q1 Q0, CLK=1/fmax1,
10002, SMER = 1. (:
.)
SMER

"1"

J
Q
Q0
CLK
K
Q

J
Q
Q2
CLK
K
Q

J
Q
Q1
CLK
K
Q

SMER
CLK

SR
FF0, FF2
FF1, FF3

tdmin
8 ns
10 ns
12 ns
50 ns
50 ns
55
108

tdtip
10 ns
15 ns
17 ns
55ns
55 ns
60

tdmax
15 ns
22 ns
24 ns
60 ns
65 ns
70

J
Q
Q3
CLK
K
Q

:
) () .
, ,
.
, FF3.

,
:
FF0:

t max 0 = 0 ,

FF1:

t max 1 = t dFF0 + 2 t dNI = 109ns ,

FF2:

t max 2 = max t dFF0 + 3t dNI + t dNE ; t dFF1 + 2 t dNI = max{144ns;114ns} = 144ns ,

{
t max 3 = max{t dFF

FF3:

+ 4t dNI + 2t dNE ; t dFF1 + 3t dNI + t dNE ; t dFF2 + 2t dNI

= max{183ns;119ns;114ns} = 183ns .

t max = max{t max 0 ; t max 1 ; t max 2 ; t max 3 } = 183ns .

:
f max =

1
t max

1
= 5.46MHz .
183ns

) 00002 10102,
00002.
SMER
.
, SMER
SMER =1 .
10102,
DET1 = Q 3 Q1 = Q 3 Q1
.
, SR . ,
SR ,

R = DET1 = Q 3 Q1 .
,
00002, SR ,
:
S = DET2 = Q3 Q 2 Q1 Q0 = Q 3 + Q 2 + Q1 + Q 0 .
10.2.
109

SMER
CLK

CLK

DET1

Q0

D
Q

Q1
Q2
Q3

DET2

OBOSTRANI
BROJA

10.2
) ,
FF3.
, )

:

t max 1 = max t dFF1, 3 + t dNI + t dNE + t dSR + (4 t dNE + 4 t dNI ); t dFF0 ,1, 2 , 3 + t dNILI + t dSR + (4 t dNE + 4 t dNI )

= max{70ns + 22ns + 15ns + 60ns + 148ns;70ns + 24ns + 60ns + 148ns}

= max{315ns;302ns} = 315ns.

:
1
= 3.17 MHz ,
t max1

f max1 =

t CLK = t max 1 = 315ns .

) 10.3.
t=0

315ns

630ns

945ns

1260ns

1575ns

CLK

Q3
1315ns 1330ns
Q2
1310ns 1325ns
Q1
370ns 385ns

685ns 700ns

1315ns 1330ns

Q0
50ns 65ns

365ns 380ns

680ns 695ns

10.3
110

995ns 1100ns

1310ns 1325ns

 11
74LS163 ( )
, :
) 12,
) 8, 3 10,
DAT0
LD

DAT3

UPIS.H

74LS193

BROJ.H

CLR

Q0

CLK

Q3

CLK
Q

CLK

Q2
Q1

ENP
ENT

Q2
Q1

RCO

Q3

Q0

11.1

, 11.1
UPIS .H = CLR LD
BROJ.H = CLR UPIS.H = CLR LD
D .
:
D 0 = UPIS.H DAT0 + BROJ.H (Q 0 (ENT ENP))
D1 = UPIS.H DAT1 + BROJ.H (Q1 (Q 0 ENT ENP))
D 2 = UPIS.H DAT2 + BROJ.H (Q 2 (Q1 Q 0 ENT ENP))
D 3 = UPIS.H DAT3 + BROJ.H (Q 2 (Q 2 Q1 Q 0 ENT ENP))
CLR . (CLR=0),
,

D3D2D1D0 = 0000.
LD. (LD =0)
CLR (CLR=1), UPIS.H=1 BROJ.H=0. D

D3D2D1D0 = D3D2D1D0.
.
CLR LD (CLR=1 LD =1), UPIS.H=0
BROJ.H=1. EN=ENP=1,
.
111

 , 74LS163
(CLR)
(LD). , ,
(ENPEN=1).
RCO
,
RCO=Q3Q2Q1Q0EN.
) 12 ( 0 11, 1 12 .).
0 11,
. Q3Q2Q1Q0=10112,
Q3Q1Q0
( 11.2). ,
CLR (, ).

11.2
12 11.3.

11.3

112

) 3 10,
Q3Q2Q1Q0=10102
CLR = DET = Q 3 Q l ,
11.4.
D3D2D1D0=00112.

11.4

Q3Q2Q1Q0=1 x 1 x,
10102=1010,
;
(10112=1110, 11102=1410, 11112=1510 ).
11.5.

11.5

113

 12
. 11.1 74LS163.
(CLR)
(LD). , ,
(ENPEN=1). RCO
RCO=Q3Q2Q1Q0EN.

74LS163
53 ;

12.1
:
74LS163 16 ,
53
16 n 1 < M = 53 16 n ,

n=2 . 53 ( 0
5210= 0011 01002),
DET=CLR= Q 5 Q 4 Q 2 .

12.2
114

 13

(; : 8
; ;
).
:

b

( )

(,
) .

13.1
:
( ):
()
()
.

(, ripple counter)
(, synchronous counter).
:
( 0000)
(, )
.
:
( )
() .
8 .
( ,
1.) .

115

 13.2
, .
, 11112 00002:

13.3

( ), ,
STOP.L ( ).
.

14
, D
.

QBQA
11

01

00

10
14.1
116

:
n
Q Q
1 1
0 1
1 0
0 0

n+1
Q Q
0 1
1 0
0 0
1 1

DB DA
0 1
1 0
0 0
1 1

DB

DB

QA

QB

QA
0
QB

14.2
D A = Q BQ A + Q BQ A
DA = QB QA

QB

QA

DB

QA

QB

DA

TAKT

14.3

117

QA

>

QB

>

DB = QB

 15
,
.

S=0

QBQA
00
0

01

S=1
1

1
10

11
0

15.1
:
S=0 , S=1
.
, :
S Q Q
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

Q
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

Q
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

TB Q Q
A B

00

01

11

10

1 TB = S Q A + SQ A
B 2/1,
Q , S (
). !

15.3
118

 16
, :
) D ) a.

00

11

10

01
16.1

:
, D :

t
QB
0
1
0
1

t+1
QA
0
1
1
0

QB
1
0
1
0

a)

QA
1
1
0
0

DB
1
0
1
0

b)

DA
1
1
0
0

JB
1
X
1
X

KB
X
1
X
1
)

16.2
119

JA
1
X
X
0

KA
X
0
1
X

 17
(
, Count/ Stop
!), a.

QBQA
00

01

10

11
17.1

:
Count / Stop = 1

Count / Stop = 0

17.2
C/ S
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

QB
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

TB Q Q
B A

QB QA
0 0
0 1
1 1
1 0
0 1
1 1
1 0
0 0

QA
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0

TB
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1

00

01

11

10

C/S

TA
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0

17.3
TB = C / S (Q B Q A )

TA = C / S Q B Q A

= C / S QBQ A + C / S Q B QA

= C / S QB QA + C / S Q BQ A

120

>

>

17.4

18
,

QD

QC

QB

QA

C/L
Takt

CLR
DD

DC

DB

Asinhroni (sinhroni) reset

DA

12

( )
18.1
:
, :

18.2
121

13

14

15

 (),
15 0 .
:
CLR = 1
110

C/L
TAKT

>
12 10

QD

QC

QB

QA

DD

DC

DB

DA

CLR

18.3
19
,
, .
?

QD

QC

QB

QA

C/L
Takt

DD

CLR
DC

DB

Asinhroni (sinhroni) reset

DA
0

13

14

19.1
:
310

QD

QC

QB

>

DD

DC

DB

DA

13 10

C/L
TAKT

QA

1510

CLR

19.2

0, 14.
122

1
) 1.

) . ?

1.1
:
.
,
D 0 = Q 3 Q 2 Q1Q 0 ,

D1 = Q 0 ,
D 2 = Q1
D3 = Q2

( 1.1).
, .

123

 1.1
Si
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1

=
D3= Q3 D3= Q3 D3= Q3 D3= Q3
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0

Si
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
14

5.
,," ,,". ,," ,
,,".

1.2

124

 2
2 4- 74194
( 18). 74194 ,
2/4 , S0 S1,
:
S1S0=00,
;
S1S0=01,
;
QD
D
Q
S1S0=10,
LIN
CLK
;
R Q
S1S0=11,
D

BCD.

)
(CLR=0)

.
)
. ?
) t=0
QQBQCQD=0000,


S1S0=01, RIN=1, LIN=1
.
)
4/16

.

QC

CLK
R

QB

CLK
R

RIN

CLK
R
A

S0
S1

3 2 1 0
DEK2/4

CLK
CLR

2.1

2.1

125

QA

:
)
. n ,
2n .

.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0

S1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

S0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

CLR
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Q
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0

QB
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0

QC
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0

QD
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0

0
0
1
3
7
15
14
12
8
0

) 2n - 2n = 8 .

S1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

S0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

CLR
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Q
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0

QB
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

QC
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0

QD
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0

2
5
11
6
13
10
4
9
2

, ,
.
.
:
1. 0000; 0001;
, 0xx0,
0001, ,
;
DET = S1 = Q 0 + Q 3 .

2. 1000 0000; ,

Q3Q2=10,
126

 0000. :
DET = S1 = Q 3 Q 2 = Q 3 + Q 2 .

.
) . 2.2.

2.2
) 2.3
.
.
( ).

2.3

127

 3
4017
:
a) 8
b) 20 .

3.1

:
) 4017 , .

D2=Q1(Q0+Q2),
.
3.1.
3.1

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0

Q0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0

Q1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0

Q2
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0

Q3
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0

Q4
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
128

BCD
0
1
3
7
15
31
30
28
24
16
0

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0


3.2.

3.2
8
. ( 8)
y (MR=1). 8 3.2.

PT

CP 0

MR

4017

CP 1
O0 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9

3.3
) ,
4017. 20 3.4.

3.4
129

 4
,
, SIN
CLR.
) ,
Q3Q2Q1Q0=00012.
) 1
.

SIN
CLK
1

CLK
CLR

POMERAKI
REGISTAR

Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3

4.1
:
) .
n 2n-1 , 0 .

,
.
00012, :
4.1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1

Q3
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0

Q2
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0

Q1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
130

Q0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1

1
2
4
9
3
6
13
10
5
11
7
15
14
12
8
1

) . SIN=1
:
DET = Q 3 + Q 2 + Q1 + Q 0 = Q 3 Q 2 Q1 Q 0 ,
S IN = (Q 3 Q 2 ) + DET .

CLK
1

CLK
CLR

SIN
POMERAKI
REGISTAR

Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3

DET

4.2

5
(; ;
- FIFO ;
).
:
n ( n ) :
n ;
;
/ 2m, (m
)

- . n D
( n=2). (
, D ).

5.1
FIFO ( ),
n=3. (
, ).
131

)
5.2

6
( D ,
; )
:

/ , .
,
:

6.1
, . (,
.)
, 1, .
,

.
= 2n = 2n = 8,
. ,
. .

132

QD

6.2

7
( ).
:
QA
J
>
K

Q
Q

QC

QB
J
>
K

Q
Q

Takt

7.1

133

J
>
K

Q
Q

QD
J
>
K

Q
Q

QD

7.2

134


[1] . Lj. , . . , , , , 1990.
[2] . . , . . , , , ,
1995.
[3] . , . ,
, 2. , , , 1988.
[4] . , . , ,
, , 1981.
[5] Szittya O., Digitlis s Analg Technika Informatikusoknak, LSI Oktatkzpont,
Budapest, 1999.
[6] . . , . . , , , , 1990.

135