Chapter Four Analysis and Findings 4.1.

Introduction: Finally the authors have come to the main section of this research after conducting a mysterious expedition. The author is fundamentally decided and convinced to find a reliable and valid outcome of this research after passing the session of the collection of data. The data collection was satisfactory because of the author's intention was fully dedicated to collect data at the consideration of authenticity of the reality. In addition, the author collected the data keeping in mind the factors related with ethical issues. Then again in the process of data collection the author was satisfied with the participants because they were cheerful in their conversation. However, it is important to mention here that the author has been convinced to alter the title used primarily because of author's realization after primary research experience; the author has realized that CSR has positive impact on employee satisfaction and that satisfaction enhances organizational development because the poverty reduction actions are implemented by the hand of general employee under the Rural Development Scheme (RDS) of the organization. This is more than the answer of research question where the question was How CSR can participate in a vast range on poverty reduction? To explore the answer of the research question the author conducted a primary data collection session with eight participants including the manager of the Branch Magura of IBBL, some other officer and some stakeholders those who received the help from the organization. Regarding conducting the research, the author has built the idea on positivism philosophy and decided to go forward through case study strategy. The qualitative and deductive approach was adopted and the data collection method was in-depth interview in survey strategy. In the case of using data, the author has followed the instruction of Saunders et al., (2009) where the categorization of data is suggested for qualitative approach as objectives and aim. As the data collection method was in-depth interview, the entire amounts of interviews are much in research diary. For the reason, the author has presented the qualitative data as the necessity to reflect the answer of the research question i.e. all the data has not been presented in the section of the

research. Also time and words constrains are the considerable factors to present all the data in well-organization. 4.1.1. Findings in brief: The findings as the objectives against the aim of the research, before go to mainstream discussion, it could be said that being a service providing organization, it's services are often regarded as the acts of a good corporate citizenship and this action has impacts on employee satisfaction and this employee satisfaction has impacts on business profitability by the way of customer satisfaction. The view of Vara (2006) has been reflected as the author argued as presented in introduction that effective CSR practice is beneficial for both poor and organization. It could be mentioned that Vara has specially focus on Win-Win structure where business operating on CSR practices has mutual benefit on business and individual simultaneously. And the view of Bournemouth University has been supported in field work where the Seminar produced in 2007 that CSR can be effective for poverty reduction. It is to be noticed that the key findings have come from myriad sources; form the words of different authors, websites and journals. As we see that Benrjee (2007) has pointed out that CSR is a benevolent donation of the organizations and by the way of that donation the poor of the society find a shelter and the whole process of donation and shelter of the poor emerge from the obligations of an organisation to society. Mohr et al (2001) has also put much emphasis on organizations moral responsibilities and these authors have posited that CSR is a kind of moral activity of an organisation performed voluntarily. On the other hand according to World Business Council (2005) CSR has been is the commitment of businesses to behave ethically and to contribute to sustainable economic development by working with all relevant stakeholders to improve their lives in ways that are good for business, the sustainable development agenda, and society at large (World Bank, 2001). However, Finkelstein and Galal (1999) have seen CSR in a different way and what they believe is that CSR increases organisational values to the society because by way of an organisation's involvement to the development activity, that organisation becomes well acquainted and popular in the society. And ultimately social communication goes stronger which is beneficial for organization enhancement (Morsing and Schultz, 2006). Since, in introduction it was displayed that out of 39 private bank the IBBL has been continuously getting best bank award without running any marketing section where some other banks are surviving with a marketing department with a huge amount of expenditure. The author argues that the practice of CSR is one of the key points among others.

After viewing all the data, CSR has been seen as a driver of poverty reduction which has been reflected in the style of running the programs through RDS under CSR of the organization. If the author considers the findings at the view of Bournemouth University, then it could be said that CSR can play an effective role to reduce worlds poverty and the data by World Bank (2005) about poverty may be changed into an expectation. The new achievement of the primary research is that1. The mechanism of practicing CSR is the key point of poverty reduction than the amount of money. 2. The style of practicing poverty reduction increase communication between employee of the organisation and community. 3. As employee can be involved with this great job, their (actually organisations value) value become increased to society. 4. Employee involvement increases in society and people choose to open an account through the employee who lives as their neighbour. 5. The flow of customers increases this way which is widely known as the key tool for organization development.

The above discussion is the sum-up of the findings in the combination of primary and secondary data. The entire discussion reflects the research question thatCSR is able to alleviate poverty. And the practice of poverty reduction is also effective for organizational development. It should be mentioned that though there are lots of literature about CSR and its effectiveness on stakeholders, its relation to poverty reduction is hardly perceived available in literature because this is a new idea generated in very recent school of thoughts. 4.1.2. Poverty in Bangladesh: Before entering into the main discussion section, a brief portrayal of Bangladesh's socioeconomic condition is needed because it will help to understand the impact of CSR on

Bangladesh better. Bangladesh is a South-East Asian developing country having the highest rate of population density of the world. Here in Bangladesh, the population density is more than one thousand people per squire kilometer. Though gained independence from Pakistan in 1971, the freedom of economic solvency is yet achieved. Unemployment, corruption, social crime, political and economic unrest are some of the characteristics that mark the nation. It is a Muslim country having 87 percent Muslims and Hindus constitute 12 percent of the total population, people of other religions, mainly Christian and Buddhist also live here. The constitution shows equal respect for all religions and that is why this country is often regarded as a religion- neutral country. As far as economic condition is concerned, Bangladesh can best be considered as a developing country having 40 percent of the total population living below the poverty line. Moreover, Bangladesh is a huge victim of natural forces; cyclone, draughts, flood, river decay are some of the worst natural attacks that hit Bangladesh almost every year. The agriculture of Bangladesh is the main dominating sector, having more than 70 percent of the total population are indirectly dependant on agriculture. And it is seen that in spite of taking so many initiatives to have some improvement on education and health sector, these sectors still remain very poor (solidbangla, 2011). And the poor are generally rely on much to some organisations and well off people for help. Islamic Bank is one of the organisations that is dedicated its CSR practices emphasizing extreme poor of the country.

4.2. Data analysis: And likewise according to the findings of data, in this analysis chapter, the primary data has been divided into three sections that will be discussed in three stages. And these are: 1. Relation between CSR and poverty reduction. 2. CSR and organizational development. 3. Produce mechanism to promote CSR for poverty reduction.

4.2.1. Relation between CSR and poverty reduction.

After the completion of field work regarding the effectiveness of CSR, it has been investigated by the author that the organisation, concentrate to address the miserable condition of the poor through its CSR activities. The primary data analysis confirms the view that this organisation's employees are very proud of making them a part of helping the poor. Many participants have mentioned that under the umbrella of CSR, this organisation address poor people, health, food supply, training program, education, awareness rising programs, and programs targeted on poor students. However, Rural Development Scheme (RDS) is another program that directly addresses the poor of the society and this program is done under CSR. When about the moral values of CSR are talked of this organisation, the author's concentration went to external stakeholders because these are the people who are helped in numerous aspects. One participant saysWhen my husband died by road accident, he left me two daughters with me. Being alone I fell in great trouble with my daughters. Then one day one my neighbours who used to work in Islamic Bank informed me that Islamic Bank can help me in this situation. I was in great trouble then because my headache was about my eldest daughter because she was 20 years old then, and her age was a source of great trouble then. I became concerned about her social safety because Eve teasing is serious issue nowadays. But Islamic Bank then arranged everything for her marriage with their cost. The bridegroom worked in the same bank as a bottom line employee. Then for my second daughter, they provided all the costs for her education. They also take care of our security. My younger daughter is in class seven and has stood first in her examination.

This statement reflects the moral responsiveness that has been addressed through CSR. The security for underprivileged women is insufficient in this country. Sexual harassment is a threat to women in the society which is widely known in Bangladesh and some other Asian developing countries. In addition, in recent times, a new type of harassment has emerged which is known as Eve teasing. Some derailed or licentious people tease young girls and try to abuse. This is a question of social dignity for girls. Reports have been found that some girls committed suicide being victimised by eve teaser. According to a news of BBC, "Figures released by the Ain-OShalish Kendra (ASK), a human rights organisation reveal that 14 girls and women have taken

their own lives over the past four months across the country as a direct result of the insults. (BBC News, 2010, 13 June). It is found that, when the women is financially well-off then their social base becomes stronger to survive. Also, poverty reduction initiative for poor is changing their financial condition i.e. poverty reduction is being caused and education is being encouraged of the children of the family which is reflected by the Bournemouth University that anticipated CSR is able to reduce poverty reduction. Another participant saysMy husband is a paralysed patient for last few years. He cannot work. I was in a great problem. Once, my neighbouring brother told me to give an application to Islami bank. I cannot write but he helped me. Then Islami bank gave me training to operate tailoring machine and after training, they gave me a machine. They also gave me to buy some cloths and I added some from selling a goat of my house hold. At my home, I started a tailoring shop where I made dress and sell cloths in domestic way. Only female customers from my community comes to me, I dont sell or make male cloth. Now I can buy medicine for my husband. Next year, I hopefully set up a tube well in my home yard because my husband cannot bring water from government tube well. This statement testifies another work showing moral responsibility of this bank. Because of patriarchal social order in Bangladesh the women are not empowered and this is a great concern for the government of this country. A study of UNDP (cited in Abedin, 2008) showed that women who work in households are deprived of about 11 trillion USD because male members are the dominating the family. This study also showed that women even become oppressed in family instead of receiving appreciation for their contribution to household jobs. And such practice of CSR like this is appreciated because it addresses the empowerment of women in the society. And this is important not only in the context of a society or country but in the context of the whole world. Arora and Puranik (2004) supports such steps taken by organisation. They think that CSR is a very supportive tool for women empowerment because women can reduce poverty by CSR practice of business organization. And as mentioned earlier that Mohr et al. (2001)

thinks that CSR is a kind of moral activity, we see that the statement of that person goes with the views of these authors. However, the empowerment of women is not only the only moral issue of CSR for Islamic Bank, they in fact play a vital role to education of so many. A stakeholder of Islamic Bank who got direct help from this bank is now living in London. He says, Because my father is physically disabled, my elder brother is the only man who earns the livelihood for the family members of our family. And he now works in Islamic Bank. I got benefits from this bank several times. In time of my SSC examination, the bank provided me half the amount of my fees, the bank also helped arranging me an accommodation near the exam centre in the town in time of my SSC examination. Then again I was supported by this bank after getting scholarship in a college here in the UK. I had not so much money to manage all the things for my higher study here. And that time Islamic Bank came to help me; they paid what the college owed me without any condition. I pray to God for their progression. Islamic Bank's participation in supporting the meritorious poor students is an initiative to develop the educational sectors of the country. And this kind of participation of IBBL is surely a vital element for the development of society. And what the boy says refers to benevolent donation of IBBL. And this situation goes with the words of Benerjee (2007) who reflected that CSR is a kind of benevolent donation of an organisation. And this type of donation has direct or indirect influence on socio-economic development. Then one worker of Rural Development Scheme of IBBL says, 1. For the poor of the society we do a lot of works for them. We provide latrine, tube well, awareness training about sanitation, seeds, tree plantation etc. We also provide training focusing on how to generate income doing household firming or doing tailoring, we also provide computer training and provide money to many families for the marriage of their marriageable girls. These are some of the activities we do for the poor of rural areas. Again, for tree plantation we give training.

Another participant says, 2. For lots of poor people of the country, Islamic Bank hospital provides a great solution to their worries, for many not only can avail to better treatment but also get medications at discount of 25% than others. The world Bank (2005) defines the poor as the people who are not able to earn more than 1.25 USD per day and the abject poor are defined as those people who have less than 2.5 USD income per day. However these are the people who are solely deprived of sanitaion, food, water, cloths, education and some other needs that are necessary for the well being of living. And from the above statements we can clearly perceive that IBBL is doing the right kind of job giving the poor shelter, food, education and health care throughout the country. As it was early mentioned that the people those who are unable to meet their basic needs are defined as poor (World Bank, 1980), the activities under CSR of the bank are fully dedicated to meet those needs like food, education, clean water, shelter etc. This happens because CSR can eradicate poverty of a family. Thus, it could be said that, the innovation in using CSR is possible to reduce poverty in the society. In addition, it is perceived that CSR plays significant role in tree plantation to reduce global warming which is a matter of great concern for the nations of the world. Global warming is a great concern for the nations of the world.Treeplanting can and will make a valuable contribution to the fight against global climate change, as well as providing a host of wider environmental and socio-economic benefits. We further believe that carbon markets in their various forms are key to providing an effective means of financing tree-planting activities on the scale needed to make a difference globally(carbonpositive, 2008 p1). However, this primary data goes in accordance with Emerland (2011) who mentioned that environmental development should be one of the initiatives of CSR that organisations should adopt. Moskowitz (2008) also viewed that CSR should be encouraged to take environmental issues with its objectives. As the research question, it is to say that the tree plantation is not only the issue of environmental sustainability. As the situation of poor people, this is widely known

that this is a domain of financial source because tree gives fruit, flower, wood, shelter and many other goods. While taking interview, some participants reflected that Islami Bank provide help to the people those who are Islamic minded and kith and kin of the employee of the bank. The coordinator, who was employed for assisting the researcher said thatThis bank give help to the people those who are relatives of the employee and Islamic minded. The researcher did not show interest the point of view because this may be their strategy. As the key point of the investigation is about poor, the target of the researcher is to concentrate whether CSR is effective for them. The entire amount of staff is 1068 in 251 branches throughout the country. If each branch can remove poverty of at least 50 family each year, then the entire amount of poverty reduced family is 12,550 and if each family contains 4 family member, then the entire amount will be more than fifty thousands. If we multiply this amount by entire 38 some other private bank, then each year about four million people could get rid of poverty cycle. As it was mentioned earlier that more than 40% people live under poverty line then the entire amount of poor people in Bangladesh will be around 60 million. Therefore only banking sector can remove poverty of Bangladesh within 12 years though there are lots of business industries are there in a country. If we think include the above estimation in terms of global poverty and amount of global business organization, then the estimation of poverty by World Bank (2005) and UNICEF, (2008), their estimation could be recalculated. It is true that there are lots of factors with the issue, however, it has been supported that there is a potential of effectiveness on poverty reduction by CSR. The summary of the point of discussion is that CSR considerably participate in poverty reduction which was reflected in the seminar of Bournemouth University. If we consider this in broader perspectives, the local and international business organizations budget for CSR could be concentrated to poverty reduction.

Poverty reduction initiatives on organizational value:

Now the question is why business organizations would stretch their hands to poverty alleviation as the aim of them is maximizing profitability? Form the primary research the question may be viewed in two perspectives. Firstly, organizations can practice this as usually as the definition of philanthropic eye which was discussed in literature review chapter. More specifically if the CSR is Practiced as the view of Koutra, C., (2007) it could be argued that the intelligent application of [CSR] can lead to poverty reduction if it is practiced in a holistic, responsible, transparent and accountable manner. (Koutra, C., 2007: 1).

Secondly organizations could be benefitted in through increasing their growth by practicing CSR. McWilliams and Siegel (2001) and ((Nelson and Prescott, 2003) have identified that a firm generally can maximize profit with the help of CSR through building communication with the society and making positive image through good reputations. The most interesting point in the research has been discovered that the style of providing help to the poor. It is perceived that more or less most of the local and international organization practice CSR however, most of the general employees do not know about this. The primary research gave the message about that is fascinating. The Branch manager of Magura branch says thatWe have program named Rural Development Scheme (RDS) under CSR practice. Though officially there are some staff to maintain the activities but the primary accessibility of the poor to the RDS is caused by general employee of the bank. For example, one of our staff lives five kilometre far from the bank out of the city. A month ago he told me that a woman has to come back to her parents from her husbands home after being oppressed for dowry system. Her father is a day labour. My colleague talked to the girl and informed the fact to me. We provided her training, on poultry firming in house hold and set up a firm under RDS under the monitoring of the colleague. Now the woman sells chicken and eggs and makes profit. Hopefully, next time the profit will be double than first one. The interesting thing is that the woman once told the colleague, I love my husband. He is not such a bad man. For the poverty he beaten me but now I can earn money. Can I offer him to live with me? I realized the emotion of the lady and communicated with her husband. He will come to meet me sooner. I have a plan to train

him and provide necessary help to involve in work with his wife under the monitoring of my colleague who initially introduced the woman to me.

CSR's Criticism:

However, the practice of CSR of different organisations is subject to criticism. The co-ordinator also saysWhatever Islamic Bank does from their philanthropic concern, I think there is something business oriented intention behind. I think it is more of a kind of advertisement for them. But nonetheless they are doing good business. The branch manager of Magura District of Islamic Bank asserted that, This may happen that our CSR programs can add an extra bit of honour or reputation for our bank but it is true that we do not do such things for advertisement at all. Every knowledgeable person of this society knows well what Islamic Bank is. Our bank is governed by the laws of Islam and that does not allow displaying because it is bound with the rules and regulations of Islam which has strong prohibition for displaying, rather we do help the poor without letting others know. Then again Islamic Bank Hospital is very well known to all and they all know that we do not think for profit from here. We also have other programs like orphanage education, women empowerment. We also provide foods for those who are disabled and poor and old but none of these people know anything about our CSR programs, rather the people get help know what we do. Otherwise many does not even any knowledge about CSR. The author of this study agrees what he finds from the qualitative data. The author believes that encouragement works to expand the CSR activities of the organisations. Heath and Li (2008) said, If sympathy suggests only philanthropy, we add that CSR demands empathy, an outside-in

way of thinking and planning to help management reflect on its role in and impact on the society where it operates. Another point is hidden in this qualitative data, which is the mechanism of providing help to the poor where the employee is directly related to the poverty reduction activities. This involvement of employee is the base point of mechanism of providing help. Other participant viewsThis is very interesting that when I helped the divorced women, the community people became very happy. When I go to mosque to say prayer, the people value me. Though I am not the permanent in the community, live in a rent house as long as my posting is in this branch, the people count me as a community people. This happens for the help to the women. The social well-off people normally lead the community. They sometimes invite me in some social celebration, to be member of Mosque executive committee and some other social activities. I feel happy. Some of them come to my branch to open account in my reference. We give them good service. I also feel happy when go to office and come back home. However, I cannot help the poor as my satisfaction because the budget of my bank is insufficient. This statement clearly view that several thing are created by this system of practicing CSR. More concisely this mechanism of practicing CSR Participate in poverty reduction. Creates organizations value to the community. It builds employees value to the community. Create social communication between organization and community via employee. Employee involvement in the community Employee empowerment Increase employee satisfaction

Increase customers flow Accelerate organization growth.

Fig: 1.1. Poverty reduction and organizational growth This is the way that organization can be motivated to increase the budget of CSR and divert to poverty reduction. It seems to the researcher that this cycle is the key point of making largest and profitable private bank pot of 39 in Bangladesh without running any marketing department. In addition, the author thinks that the state government also can inspire the business organizations to increase CSR practice and participate in poverty reduction. For example, the honour of Commercial Important Person (CIP) and some other social and other facilities to the employee of good participant organization in the country.

Summary: In summary three points may be suitable to make the readers understand the outcomes of the research. these points may be expressed by three questions. Is the CSR is effective for poverty reduction? How does CSR can alleviate poverty? Why business organization will spend money for poverty reduction under CSR practice?

The answer of the first question reflects, indeed, the research question. The answer is yes. As some debates are hidden in the researchers mind then the answer should beCSR is potential to reduce poverty. If it is practiced in holistic, responsible, transparent and accountable manner (Kourta, C., 2007). The author of the study is interested to pronounce morale accountable manner which means the organization is accountable to itself in real philanthropic eye. The answer of second question is indeed, the view of Kourta, C ., (2007) which was explored in primary research that the mechanism of practice of CSR for poverty reduction. The view of Kourta could be reflected in the system of providing help to the poor which IBBL follows. By involving the general employee in CSR practice for poverty eradication activities it is possible because there is no second-hand management for CSR. The answer of third question is that organisations themselves will be benefitted if they practice following Kourta, C., (2007). The enhancement of organization has been portrayed in a model (Fig 1.1.) which was produced in the primary research. This means poverty reduction, good mechanism and organizational development are closely corelated to each other. The entire relation could be portrayed in a model.

Fig: 1.2. CSR practice Model:

CSR is theoretically significant for stakeholders of a business organization which is supported by the scholars. In the respect of the research question, it has been perceived that for poverty reduction CSR can play a significant role.