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Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 1 (2008) 322325

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Research article

The distribution of allele frequencies of 15 STRs

in Dominican population
Vilma Daz a,*, Patria Rivas a, Carmen Olivero a, Angel Carracedo b
b

a
Laboratorio Clinico Lic. Patria Rivas. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Instituto de Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain

Received 11 September 2007; accepted 11 October 2007

Abstract
The most effective tools for individual and population genetic characterization that we will use today are STRs. This work presents the results of
a population study of 15 autosomal STRs loci included in PowerPlex 16 (Promega Corporation) that has the aim of creating a local database. Buccal
swabs and blood samples were obtained from more than two thousands unrelated individuals were born in Dominican Republic and lived there for
at least two generations.
# 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: STR; Autosomal Marker; PowerPlex 16; Dominican Republic; Database

1. Introduction
In the latest years, many countries around the world began a
plan studies whose purpose is to create national and local
databases and to be acquainted with the expressions frequency
of a great number of these DNA loci. Our research has the aim
of creating the first Dominican Database according to the
recommendations published by ISFG and truly recommended
by AABB in relationship testing laboratories. Genetic analysis
15 autosomal STRs loci including the 13 CODIS core: CSF1PO
(n = 2378), D3S1358 (n = 2563), D5S818 (n = 2097), D7S820
(n = 2526), D8S1179 (n = 2565), D13S317 (n = 2121),
D16S539 (n = 2561), D18S51 (n = 2547), D21S11
(n = 2443), FGA (n = 2286), TH01 (n = 2553), TPOX
(n = 2504), and vWA (n = 2386) and pentanucleotides STR
loci Penta E (n = 2481) and Penta D (n = 2495) [1,2].
The Dominican Republic is located on the eastern two-thirds
of the island of Hispaniola and is 18,816 square miles (48,734
km2). The Republic of Haiti occupies the western portion of the
island. Hispaniola is near the center of the West Indies, a group
of islands that extend from Florida to Venezuela. To the north of
Hispaniola is the Atlantic Ocean, to the south the Caribbean
Sea, to the east Puerto Rico, and to the west Cuba. Hispaniola,

Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Jamaica are referred to as the Greater

Antilles. The capital, Santo Domingo, was the first permanent
European settlement in the New World and was established by
Spain in 1496. The population of the Dominican Republic is
about 9,183,984 and is increasing at a rate of 1.6% per year [3].
2. Materials and methods
DNA Buccal swabs and blood were obtained from more than
two thousands unrelated individuals, who were born in
Dominican Republic and lived there for at least two
generations. All DNA samples were extracted with DNA IQ
System (Promega Corporation) [4].
The 15 autosomal loci specific STRs CSF1PO, D3S1358,
D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51
D21S11, FGA, TH01, TPOX, and vWA, and pentanucleotides
STR loci Penta E and Penta D were amplified with PowerPlex1
16 System kit (Promega Corporation) [5], following the
manufactures protocol. Fragment length analysis was done by
electrophoresis capillary using 3130 Genetic Analyzer
(Applied Bio-Systems). DNA View Software version 28.46
performed evaluation of statistical parameters.
3. Results and discussion

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +809 6850950; fax: +809 6876172.

E-mail address: vilmascdiaz@hotmail.com (V. Daz).
1875-1768/$ see front matter # 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.164

Table 2 shows some statistical values useful in forensic casework and paternity text: Homozigosity (HO),

V. Daz et al. / Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 1 (2008) 322325

Observed Heterozygosity (OH), Power of Discrimination (PD), and Power of Exclusion (PE). All statistical
values were calculated using DNA View Software version
28.46 [6].
4. Conclusions
Table 1 shows the allele frequencies obtained for every
STR with the correspond frequencies in the Dominican
population. The allelic range changes among the 9 alleles
that present in two loci CSF1PO and TH01 and 21 alleles
detected in the loci FGA and D21S11. In Table 2 our study
Table 1
Allele frequencies for 15 autosomal STRs in Dominican population
D3S1358, n = 2563
9
11
12
13
14
15
15.2
16
17
18
19
20
21

0.0004
0.0002
0.0031
0.0049
0.0954
0.2957
0.0002
0.2944
0.1968
0.0991
0.0086
0.0975
0.0002

a = 5126
TH01, n = 2553
4
5
6
7
8
9
9.3
10
11

0.0002
0.0012
0.1998
0.2683
0.1919
0.1594
0.1667
0.0123
0.0196

a = 5106
D18S51, n = 2547
10
10.2
11
12
13
13.2
14
14.2
15
15.2
16
17
18
19
20
21
21.2
22
23
24
27

0.0053
0.0006
0.0096
0.1029
0.0856
0.0022
0.1225
0.0014
0.1455
0.0008
0.1580
0.1500
0.0850
0.0705
0.0324
0.0186
0.0002
0.0065
0.0014
0.0010
0.0002

323

Table 1 (Continued )
a = 5094
PENTA E, n = 2481
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

0.0002
0.0691
0.0004
0.1177
0.1074
0.0181
0.0810
0.0931
0.1520
0.1125
0.0532
0.0617
0.0411
0.0437
0.0266
0.0073
0.0058
0.0075
0.0010
0.0006

a = 4962
D13S317, n = 2121
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

0.0004
0.0002
0.0659
0.0653
0.0473
0.2718
0.3658
0.1247
0.0576
0.0010

a = 4842
D7S820, n = 2526
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

0.0006
0.0107
0.1779
0.1089
0.3122
0.2278
0.1336
0.0228
0.0053
0.0002

a = 5052
D16S539, n = 2561
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

0.0008
0.0002
0.0207
0.1882
0.0853
0.2932
0.2310
0.1542
0.0238
0.0023
0.0002

a = 5122
PENTA D, n = 2495
2.2

0.0739

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V. Daz et al. / Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 1 (2008) 322325

Table 1 (Continued )

Table 1 (Continued )

3.2
5
6
7
8

0.0034
0.0194
0.0020
0.0206
0.0551

9
10
10.2
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

0.1585
0.1355
0.0002
0.1613
0.1673
0.1357
0.0505
0.0138
0.0020
0.0004
0.0002

a = 4990
vWA, n = 2386
11
12
13
14
15
15.2
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

0.0034
0.0034
0.0136
0.0824
0.1653
0.0004
0.2691
0.2249
0.1588
0.0591
0.0163
0.0029
0.0004

a = 4772
D8S1179, n = 2565
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

0.0035
0.0068
0.0583
0.0737
0.1172
0.2682
0.2632
0.1632
0.0382
0.0078

a = 5130
TPOX, n = 2504
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

0.0012
0.0329
0.0088
0.4127
0.1478
0.0715
0.2684
0.0545
0.0020
0.0002

a = 5008
FGA, n = 2286
17
18
18.2
19
19.2

0.0007
0.0064
0.0079
0.0825
0.0026

20
20.2
21
21.2
22
22.2
23
23.2
24
24.2
25
25.2
26
27
28
29

0.0895
0.0020
0.1478
0.0020
0.1619
0.0029
0.1473
0.0007
0.1586
0.0002
0.1029
0.0002
0.0433
0.0264
0.0101
0.0042

a = 4547
CSF1PO, n = 2378
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

0.0341
0.0376
0.0334
0.2597
0.2744
0.3045
0.0456
0.0095
0.0013

a = 4756
D21S11, n = 2443
24
24.2
25
25.2
26
27
27.2
28
28.2
29
29.2
30
30.2
31
31.2
32
32.2
33
33.2
34
34.2

0.0002
0.0008
0.0010
0.0002
0.0004
0.0312
0.0002
0.1829
0.0419
0.2137
0.0008
0.2340
0.0302
0.0660
0.0855
0.0149
0.0825
0.0034
0.0429
0.0046
0.0042

a = 4774
D5S818, n = 2097
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
a = 4194

0.0083
0.0365
0.0343
0.0577
0.2799
0.3591
0.2053
0.0157
0.0019
0.0012

V. Daz et al. / Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 1 (2008) 322325
Table 2
Statistical parameters for the 15 STR loci in Dominican population
Locus

No.
Alleles

Range
(repeat units)

HO

OH

PD

PE

D3S1358
TH01
D18S51
PENTA E
D13S317
D7S820
D16S539
PENTA D
vWA
D8S1179
TPOX
FGA
CSF1PO
D21S11
D5S818

2563
2553
2547
2481
2121
2526
2561
2495
2386
2565
2504
2286
2378
2443
2097

13
9
21
20
10
10
11
17
13
10
10
21
9
21
10

1112
510
927
521.2
815
6.314
815
2.218
1224
818
612
1728
716
24.235
715

0.227
0.204
0.130
0.106
0.249
0.219
0.206
0.130
0.161
0.191
0.290
0.133
0.260
0.151
0.259

0.887
0.898
0.935
0.947
0.876
0.891
0.897
0.935
0.920
0.905
0.855
0.934
0.870
0.925
0.871

0.909
0.928
0.976
0.984
0.911
0.924
0.927
0.970
0.94
0.937
0.855
0.973
0.902
0.961
0.894

0.54
0.60
0.764
0.811
0.53
0.58
0.59
0.739
0.62
0.61
0.47
0.751
0.52
0.70
0.50

presents the statistical parameters for the 15 STR loci in

Dominican population. The observed and expected heterozygosity rates showed similar values. All 15 loci were in
HardyWeinberg equilibrium and the loci were highly

325

polymorphism. The results indicate that these 15 loci are

useful genetic markers for human identification and relationship testing in our Dominican population [5,6].
Conflict of interest
None.
References
[1] M. Lancia, et al., Allele frequencies of 15 STR loci in an Italian
population, Progress in Forensic Genetic, vol. II, Elsevier, 2006 , pp.
340342.
[2] AABB Guidance for Standards for Relationship Testing Laboratories, 7th
edition, 2006 p. 74.
[3] Torres-Saillant, Silvio , The tribulations of blackness: stages in Dominican
racial identity, Latin American Perspectives, Issue 100, CUNY Dominican
Studies Institute, May 1998.
[4] Technical Manual, DNA IQ System Promega Corporation, Madison, WI,
USA.
[5] Technical Manual, PowerPlex 16 System Part TMD012, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA.
[6] Brenner, Ch., DNA View Software version 28.46, Copyright 19892007.