Ideal 21st Century Competitions www.21stideal.

com 1
MATHS Matrices Determinants M
Time: 1
1
/
2
Hours ASSIGNMENT SOLUTION [Max. Marks: 50]

SECTION - A
1. Find x and y if
(

=
(

+
+
5 4
3 2
y 2 x 4
3 y x 2

Sol.
(

=
(

+
+
5 4
3 2
y 2 x 4
3 y x 2

2x + y = 2 (1) and
x + 2y = 5 (2)
Solving (1) and (2), x = - 1/3 and y = 8/3. [1 MARK]
2. Show that the matrix, A =
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
(
(

(
(

is a skew-symmetric matrix.
Sol.: Now A'
'
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
(
(

(
(

=
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
(
(

(
(

=
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
(
(

(
(

= A .
Hence, A I skew-symmetric [1 MARK]
3. If A = (x y z), B =
(
(
(

c f g
f b h
g h a
and C =
|
|
|

\
|
z
y
x
show that (AB)C = A(BC)
Sol. AB = (x y z)
(
(
(

c f g
f b h
g h a

(AB)C = [(ax + hy + gz) (hx + by + fz)(gx + fy + cz)]
|
|
|

\
|
z
y
x

= [x(ax + hy + gz) + y(hx + by + fz) + z (gx + fy + cz) ]
= [ax
2
+ by
2
+ cz
2
+ 2fyz + 2gzx + 2hxy]
Similarly, we can evaluate A(BC). [1 MARK]
4. If
,
5 4
3 2
A
(

=
prove that is AA
T
is a skew symmetric matrix, where A
T
denotes the transpose of A.
Sol.
(

=
5 4
3 2
A ;
(

=
5 3
4 2
A
T


(

=
(

=
0 1
1 0
5 3
4 2
5 4
3 2
A A
T

Now,
(

=
(

=
0 1
1 0
0 1
1 0
) A A (
T T

= (A A
T
)


Ideal 21st Century Competitions www.21stideal.com 2
Hence, (A A
T
) is a skew symmetric matrix. [1 MARK]
5. Prove that if any two rows or columns of a determinant are identical, then its value is zero.
Sol: Let D be a determinant with two of its rows (say R
1
and R
2
) identical.
D =
f e d
c b a
c b a

Interchanging R
1
and R
2
,
D =
f e d
c b a
c b a
= -D
2D = 0 D = 0 [1 MARK]
6. Find the area of triangle ABC (by determinant method) whose vertices are A(2, 3), B(-2, 5) and (4, 1).

Sol. Area triangle
1 y x
1 y x
1 y x
2
1
3 3
2 2
1 1
=
1 1 4
1 5 2
1 3 2
2
1
=
0 3 1 2 4
0 3 5 2 2
1 3 2
2
1

=
[by R
2
R
2
R
1
and R
3
R
3
R
1
]

0 2 2
0 2 4
1 3 2
2
1

=
2 2
2 4
2
1

= ( ) 4 8 1
2
1
=
Area of triangle = 2 sq. unit. [1 MARK]
7. If the points (2, 3), ( , 1) and (0, 4) are collinear, find the value of
Sol.: The given points are collinear
2 3 1
1 1
0 4 1

= 0

2 3 1
2 2 0
2 7 0

= 0 [Applying R
2
R
2
R
1
and R
3
R
3
R
1
]

2 2
2 7

= 0 [Expanding along C
3
]
7 14 + 4 = 0 = 10/7 [1 MARK]
8. Solve by Cramers rule
2x y = 17
3x + 5y = 6
Sol.: We have D =
2 1
3 5

= 2 5 (1) 3 = 13, D
x
=
17 1
6 5

= 85 + 6 = 91 and D
y
=
2 17
3 6
= 12 51 = 39.
So, by Cramers rule, we have


Ideal 21st Century Competitions www.21stideal.com 3
x = =
Dx 91
D 13
= 7 and y =

=
Dy 39
D 13
= 3.
Hence x = 7 and y = 3 is the required solution [1 MARK]

SECTION B

9. If A =
2 1 3
1 0 1
(
(

and B =
1 2
2 1
3 0
(
(

(
(

Then prove that (AB)
'
= B
'
A
'

Sol.: Given A =
2 1 3
1 0 1
(
(

A
'
=
2 1
1 0
3 1
(
(
(
(

[1 MARK]
B =
1 2
2 1
3 0
(
(

(
(

B
'
=
1 2 3
2 1 0
(
(

[1 MARK]
AB =
2 1 3
1 0 1
(
(

1 2
2 1
3 0
(
(

(
(


AB =
13 3
2 2
(
(

[1 MARK]
(AB)
'
=
13 2
3 2
(
(

(1)
B
'
A
'
=
1 2 3
2 1 0
(
(

2 1
1 0
3 1
(
(
(
(

=
13 2
3 2
(
(

.(2)
By (1) & (2) we get
(AB)' = B'A' [1 MARK]
10. If A =
(

2 1
1 3
, then prove that A
2
5A + 7I = 0
Sol. A
2
= A . A =
(

2 1
1 3
2 1
1 3


(

+ +
+ +
=
2 2 1 1 1 2 3 1
2 1 1 3 1 1 3 3


(

=
3 5
5 8
[1 MARK]
Now, 5A =
(

=
(

10 5
5 15
2 1
1 3
5 and 7I =
(

=
(

7 0
0 7
1 0
0 1
7 [1 MARK]
A
2
5A + 7I =
(

+
(

7 0
0 7
10 5
5 15
3 5
5 8
[1 MARK]


Ideal 21st Century Competitions www.21stideal.com 4

(

+ + +
+ +
=
7 10 3 0 5 5
0 5 5 7 15 8

A
2
5A + 7I = 0
0 0
0 0
=
(

[1 MARK]
11. Find the inverse of the matrix
2 1
1 1
(
(


Sol.: Let A =
2 1
1 1
(
(

, then A = IA
i.e.,
2 1
1 1
(
(

=
1 0
0 1
(
(

A Operate R
1
R
2


1 1
2 1
(
(

=
0 1
1 0
(
(

A Operate R
2
R
2
2 R
1
[1 MARK]

1 1
0 1
(
(

=
0 1
1 2
(
(

A Operate R
2
(1) R
2
[1 MARK]

1 1
0 1
(
(

=
0 1
1 2
(
(

A Operate R
1
R
1
R
2
[1 MARK]

1 0
0 1
(
(

=
1 1
1 2
(
(

A Hence A
1
=
1 1
1 2
(
(

A. [1 MARK]
12. Solve

b a c a c
b a c b c
b a c b a
2
2
2
+ +
+ +
+ +
= 2(a + b + c)
3

Sol.
b a c a c
b a c b c
b a c b a
2
2
2
+ +
+ +
+ +

C
1
C
1
+ C
2
+ C
3

=
( )
( )
( ) b a c a c b a
b a c b c b a
b a c b a
2 2
2 2
2
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ +
[1 MARK]
= 2(a + b + c)
b a c a
b a c b
b a
2 1
2 1
1
+ +
+ + [1 MARK]
R
2
R
2
R
1
and R
3
R
3
R
1

= 2(a + b + c)
b a c
a c b
b a
+ +
+ +
0 0
0 0
1
[1 MARK]
Expanding along C
1
,
= 2(a + b + c)
b a c
a c b
+ +
+ +
0
0

= 2(a + b + c)(a + b+ c)
2
= 2(a + b + c)
3
[1 MARK]


Ideal 21st Century Competitions www.21stideal.com 5
13. Solve

c
b
a
+
+
+
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
= abc + ab + bc + ca
Sol:
c
b
a
+
+
+
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
Taking a, b and c common from R
1
, R
2
and R
3
respectively
= abc
c c c
b b b
a a a
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1 1 1
1
+
+
+
R
1
R
1
+ R
2
+ R
3
[1 MARK]
=(abc)
c
1
1
c
1
c
1
b
1
b
1
1
b
1
c
1
b
1
a
1
1
c
1
b
1
a
1
1
c
1
b
1
a
1
1
+
+
|

\
|
+ + + |

\
|
+ + + |

\
|
+ + +

=
( )
c
1
1
c
1
c
1
b
1
b
1
1
b
1
1 1 1
c
1
b
1
a
1
1 abc
+
+ |

\
|
+ + +
[1 MARK]
C
2
C
2
C
1
and C
3
C
3
C
1

= (abc + bc + ac + ab)
1 0
1
0 1
1
0 0 1
c
b
[1 MARK]
Expanding along R
1
.
= (abc + bc + ac + ab)
1 0
0 1

= abc + ab + bc + ca [1 MARK]
14. Solve the following equations for x
a x a x a x
a x a x a x
a x a x a x
+
+

= 0
Sol.: Given equations is

a x a x a x
a x a x a x
a x a x a x
+
+

= 0 operating C
1
C
1
+ C
2
+ C
3
, we get

3
3
3
a x a x a x
a x a x a x
a x a x a x

+

= 0 [1 MARK]


Ideal 21st Century Competitions www.21stideal.com 6
(3 a x)
1
1
1
a x a x
a x a x
a x a x

+
+
= 0, Operate R
2
R
2
R
1
, R
3
R
3
R
1
[1 MARK]
(3a x)
1
0 2 0
0 0 2
a x a x
x
x

= 0 [1 MARK]
(3a x){1.2 x.2x} = 0 4x
2
(3a x) = 0 x = 0, 0 and 3a. [1 MARK]

SECTION C
15. If A =
1 0 2
3 1 4
0 2 1
(
(
(
(

and B =
5 1 2
3 4 1
0 1 2
(
(
(
(

then prove that (AB)' = B'A'.
Sol.: we are given
A =
1 0 2
3 1 4
0 2 1
(
(
(
(

and B =
5 1 2
3 4 1
0 1 2
(
(
(
(

[1 MARK]
(AB) =
1 0 2
3 1 4
0 2 1
(
(
(
(


5 1 2
3 4 1
0 1 2
(
(
(
(

=
5 1 2
18 3 1
6 9 4
(
(

(
(

[1 MARK]
(AB)' =
5 18 6
1 3 9
2 1 4
(
(

(
(

..(1) [1 MARK]
Again given A =
1 0 2
3 1 4
0 2 1
(
(
(
(

A' =
1 3 0
0 1 2
2 4 1
(
(
(
(

[1 MARK]
and B =
5 1 2
3 4 1
0 1 2
(
(
(
(

B' =
5 3 0
1 4 1
2 1 2
(
(

(
(

[1 MARK]
B' A' =
5 3 0
1 4 1
2 1 2
(
(

(
(


1 3 0
0 1 2
2 4 1
(
(
(
(

=
5 18 6
1 3 9
2 1 4
(
(

(
(


Hence (AB)' = B' A' [1 MARK]
16. Find the inverse of the following by using elementary row operations.
(
(
(

1 2 3
1 3 1
3 1 2

Sol. Let A =
(
(
(

1 2 3
1 3 1
3 1 2

We may write


Ideal 21st Century Competitions www.21stideal.com 7
A .
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
1 2 3
1 3 1
3 1 2
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

R
1
R
2

A .
1 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 2 3
3 1 2
1 3 1
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

R
2
R
2
2R
1
, R
3
R
3
3R
1
[1 MARK]
A .
1 3 0
0 2 1
0 1 0
4 7 0
5 7 0
1 3 1
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

7
2
2

R
R [1 MARK]
A .
1 3 0
0
7
2
7
1
0 1 0
4 7 0
7
5
1 0
1 3 1
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

R
1
R
1
3R
2
, R
3
R
3
+ 7R
2
[1 MARK]
A .
1 1 1
0
7
2
7
1
0
7
1
7
3
1 0 0
7
5
1 0
7
8
0 1
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
(
(

R
3
R
3
[1 MARK]
A .
1 1 1
0
7
2
7
1
0
7
1
7
3
1 0 0
7
5
1 0
7
8
0 1
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
(
(

3 2 2 3 1 1
7
5
R ,
7
8
R R R R R +
A .
1 1 1
7
5
1
7
4
7
8
1
7
5
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

[1 MARK]

(
(
(
(
(
(

=

1 1 1
7
5
1
7
4
7
8
1
7
5
A
1
(
(
(

=
7 7 7
5 7 4
8 7 5
7
1
[1 MARK]
17. Solve
2x + 8y + 5z = 5
x + y + z = -2
x + 2y z = 2
Sol. 2x + 8y + 5z = 5, x + y + z = -2 and x + 2y z = 2. The matrix equation is AX = B,
where A =
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

2
2 -
5
B and
z
y
x
X ,
1 2 1
1 1 1
5 8 2
[1 MARK]


Ideal 21st Century Competitions www.21stideal.com 8
|A| = 2(-3) + 8(2) + 5(1) = 15 0 [1 MARK]
Therefore, A
-1
exists.
( ) 3
1 2
1 1
1
2
11
=

= C ( ) 2
1 1
1 1
1
3
12
=

= C
( ) 1
2 1
1 1
1
4
13
= = C ( ) 18
1 2
5 8
1
3
21
=

= C
( ) 7
1 1
5 2
1
4
22
=

= C ( ) 4
2 1
8 2
1
5
23
= = C
( ) 3
1 1
5 8
1
5
31
= = C ( ) 3
1 1
5 2
1
5
32
= = C
( ) 6
1 1
8 2
1
6
33
= = C
Matrix of cofactors =
(
(
(

6 3 3
4 7 18
1 2 3

(
(
(

=
6 4 1
3 7 2
3 18 3
15
1
adjA [1 MARK]

A
adjA
A
1
=

(
(
(

=
6 4 1
3 7 2
3 18 3
15
1
[1 MARK]

(
(
(

(
(
(

= =

2
2
5
6 4 1
3 7 2
3 18 3
15
1
B A X
1
(
(
(

+ +
+
=
12 8 5
6 14 10
6 36 15
15
1
[1 MARK]

(
(
(

=
(
(
(

=
1
2
3
15
30
45
15
1
Therefore, x = - 3, y = 2 and z = - 1. [1 MARK]