LS-DYNA 培训教程【姜正旭MSC.Software上海办事处】

LS-DYNA
MSC.Software
LS-Prepost
()
LS-DYNA
()

()

/ Euler/ALE ()
CFD
()
EFG (Element Free Galerkin)
SPH (Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics)
LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
LS-DYNA?
,
- (Lagrangian/Euler/ALE)
-
(, , ,
)

SMP (Shared Memory Parallel)
MPP (Massively Parallel Procesing)
(, , , .)
&
(/, /, , )
()
/
LSTC
Public domain DYNA3D, Dr. John O. Hallquist/Lawence

Livermore National Laboratory, 1976
LSTC and LS-DYNA3D founded by Dr. Hallquist in 1988
In the 1990s
LS-DYNA2D LS-DYNA3D (LS-DYNA)

(LS-NIKE3D) LS-DYNA
(TOPAZ) LS-DYNA
MPP
Eulerian/ALE Euler/Lagrange
LS-POST, LS-OPT
LSTC
2000,
MPP
LS-POST (LS-PREPOST)
: US, UK, Nordic countries, France, Germany,

Italy, Netherlands, Japan, Korea, China,Taiwan, India, Brazil;
also through ANSYS and MSC.
40+ +
Troy, Michigan branch of LSTC opened 2003
LS-DYNA 970
LS-DYNA: 971, 980
LS-DYNA
LSTC ftp site (ftp.lstc.com)

Please contact your LS-DYNA distributor for access to:
Latest production software
Manuals
Example input decks
Hybrid III dummy models
Web Sites (www.lstc.com, www.ls-dyna.com)
Short course offerings
AVI library
Documentation downloads
Newsletter (www.feainformation.com)
Help Pages (www.lstc.com/help)
LS-DYNA Conference Papers (www.dynalook.com,
www.feapublications.com)
Technical Support (LS-DYNA distributor, support@lstc.com)
LS-DYNA
Euler/ALE
(SPH, EFG)
/ l
Application Drop test
Roll of Coins
Application
Application - Automotive
Frontal Crash with Truck
http://www.topcrunch.org
Interaction of Head with Airbag
Eulerian
16 CPUs MPP < 1 day
1 processor > 2 weeks
Notice hole
in fabric
Euler
-
Courtesy
Courtesy of
of The
The Yokohama
Yokohama Tire
Tire Co
Co Ltd.
Ltd.
Fluid-structure
Fluid-structure interaction
interaction ::
Couples
Couples the
the motion
motion of
of aa Lagrangian
Lagrangian node
node to
to the
the motion
motion of
of the
the
material
material point
point inside
inside the
the Eulerian/ALE
Eulerian/ALE mesh
mesh using
using aa penaltypenaltybased
based algorithm
algorithm
Lagrangian Structure
Eulerian Fluid
void
water
Courtesy
Courtesy of
of The
The Yokohama
Yokohama Tire
Tire Co
Co Ltd.
Ltd.
(No Tire Translation)
Moving (ALE) Reference System

Courtesy
Courtesy of
of The
The Yokohama
Yokohama Tire
Tire Co
Co Ltd.
Ltd.
(Tire translates)
Application - Aerospace
Simulation provided courtesy of

Purdue University,Civil
Engineering Dept., Sozen and Kilic
Coupled Euler/Lagrange Simulation
H-Section Extrusion (Eulerian)
Tools not shown
Application - Metal Forming
Tube Bending
Tube Hydroforming
Metal Forming with H-adaptivity
Forming of Door Panel
severe dynamic effects during early stages

of completely explicit forming simulation
Channel Simulation
with Implicit/Explicit Switching
Application Implicit
Steering System
Static Nonlinear Analysis:
*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_UNIVERSAL, RACK_AND_PINION, TRANSLATIONAL

*MAT_GENERAL_JOINT_DISCRETE_BEAM
model details
12,000 nodes
21,000 equations
memory=8m (64 Mbyte)
performance
14 nonlinear steps
1 cpu: 18 min
Implicit tube crush
Implicit tube crush
Nonlinear Stress-Strain Curve
Plastic Strain at 2 seconds

SPH ((Smooth
Smooth PParticle
article H
ydrodynamics)
Hydrodynamics)
Experiment
Simulation
Speed = 5530 m/s
EFG (Element-Free Galerkin) Applications
EFG ( FEM 4
5)
Bar Impact EFG Approach
Foam Crush
No EFG
(elements distort)
Last Layer = EFG

(no distortion)
LS-DYNA
,
*boundary_prescribed_motion_rigid.
( *keyword
*define_table)
*
$
*KEYWORD
*CONTROL_TERMINATION
*NODE
*ELEMENT
*MAT
*SECTION
*PART
*DATABASE_BINARY_D3PLOT
*END
*NODE
Nodal ID
x, y, z
*boundary_spc
*PART
Part
.
part ID
(PID)
*PART :
(*part_contact)

(*part_inertia)
*ELEMENT_option
Option , *element_shell
ID
Part ID (PID): ID, ID
Node IDs ()
Optional data can be provided to override shell
thickness, orthotropic material angle, etc. on an
element-by-element basis.
*MAT_option
Option , *mat_elastic, *mat_rigid,

*mat_linear_piecewise_plasticity
()
100
8/
1
6 ()
*SECTION_option
Option BEAM, DISCRETE, SHELL, SOLID

...

*ELEMENT_...
eid, pid, n1, n2, etc
*PART
pid, sid, mid, eosid, hgid,
*NODE
nid, x, y, z
*HOURGLASS
hgid,
*SECTION_...
sid, elform,
*EOS_GRUNEISEN
eosid,
*MAT_
mid, rho,
*DATABASE_BINARY_option
LS-Prepost
Options
D3PLOT:
D3PART: part
D3THDT: (D3PLOT
)
D3DRLF:
INTFOR:
:

, g=filename
()
50 100
d3thdt
*DATABASE_EXTENT_BINARY

(MAXINT)
3 (mid, bottom, top)
(STRFLG)
LS-DYNA
(CMPFLG)
/
( *mat_orthotropic_elastic
)
*DATABASE_EXTENT_BINARY (contd)
d3plot
(IEVERP)
(BEAMIP)
()
(SHGE)
,
*DATABASE_option
ASCII

( LS-Prepost
)
ASCII ( )
(binout)
ASCII
Airbag Statistics
*DATABASE_ABSTAT
volume
pressure
internal energy
mass flow
density
temperature
output mass flow rate
Mass
Boundary Nodal Forces *DATABASE_BNDOUT

ASCII
Discrete Element Data *DATABASE_DEFORC

: &
x,y,z

Element Data
*DATABASE_ELOUT
*DATABASE_HISTORY_option
ASCII
ELOUT data (continued)

beams
axial resultant force
resultant s-shear and tshear
resultant s-moment and tmoment
toroidal resultant
solids (bricks)
global stresses
Eff. Plastic strain
shells
Upper and lower local
strains (requires strain
output flag to be set in
*database_extent_binary)
Local stresses and eff.
Plastic strain
Available at each thruthickness integration
point
ASCII
Global Statistics
*DATABASE_GLSTAT
global energy information

total energy
total energy / initial energy
kinetic energy
internal energy (includes stiffness damping energy)
hourglass energy
Rigidwall (stonewall) energy
spring and damper energy (incl. in internal energy)
system (mass) damping energy
contact interface energy
external work
global x, y, and z velocity
time step
*CONTROL_ENERGY required to get hourglass, rigidwall, damping
energies
ASCII
Geometric Contact Entities
*DATABASE_GCEOUT
forces and moments
Joint Forces
*DATABASE_JNTFORC
forces and moments (including moments due to joint friction)
Material Energies
*DATABASE_MATSUM
material information for each part

kinetic energy
internal energy
hourglass energy
global momentum
global velocity
ASCII
Nodal Contact Interface Forces
*DATABASE_NCFORC
global forces
set print flag in contact definition
Nodal Forces
*DATABASE_NODFOR
global forces
requires *DATABASE_NODAL_FORCE_GROUP
Nodal Point Data
*DATABASE_NODOUT
displacement & rotation

velocity & angular velocity
acceleration & angular acceleration
Output can be in a fixed coordinate system or in an updated local
coordinate system
requires *DATABASE_HISTORY_option to identify nodes
ASCII
Rigid Body Data
*DATABASE_RBDOUT
displacement & rotation

velocity & angular velocity
acceleration & angular acceleration
Resultant Interface Forces
*DATABASE_RCFORC
global forces of defined contacts
Rigid Wall Forces
*DATABASE_RWFORC
normal force
global forces
Seat Belt Output
*DATABASE_SBTOUT
Force and length of each 2D element_seatbelt

Information on slip rings and retractors
ASCII
Sliding (Contact) Interface Energy
*DATABASE_SLEOUT
slave and master contact energies for each contact defined
SPC Reaction Forces
*DATABASE_SPCFORC
global forces and moments
Spotweld/Rivet Forces
*DATABASE_SWFORC
axial force
shear force
applies to all rigid nodal constraints
Cross Section Forces/Torques

See following slide
*DATABASE_SECFORC
part
.
*DATABASE_SECFORC
, , .
:

*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE
*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_SET
The following commands are used to drive the model.
*BOUNDARY
*INITIAL
*LOAD
*CONTACT
*CONSTRAINED
*RIGIDWALL
*BOUNDARY_option
Options
SPC ()
PRESCRIBED_MOTION (, , )
NON_REFLECTING (
)
,
Thermal ()
(USA)

*INITIAL_option
Options
INITIAL_VELOCITY (
)
INITIAL_STRESS (_shell, _solid, _beam)
INITIAL_VOLUME_FRACTION (multi-material
ALE)
INITIAL_TEMPERATURE ()
DETONATION ()
*LOAD_option
Options
NODE or RIGID_BODY (
)
SEGMENT or SHELL ()
BODY ()
THERMAL ( ())
*CONSTRAINED_option
(DOF)
Options
NODAL_RIGID_BODY or EXTRA_NODES ()
SPOTWELD or RIVET ()
TIEBREAK or TIED_NODES_FAILURE ()
RIGID_BODIES ()
JOINT_option2 ()
INTERPOLATION or SHELL_TO_SOLID ()
*RIGIDWALL_option
, .
*DATABASE_RWFORC
*CONTROL_option

( cpu)
*INCLUDE
,
Controller
Nodes/Elements
Vehicle
System
Contacts
Constraints
Contacts
Guardrail
*DEFINE_option
, , , .
, DEFINE_CURVE
vs. vs.
vs.
*boundary_prescribed_motion
vs. .
*DEFINE_CURVE
(CLID)
(x) - (y)
*DEFINE_CURVE
, vs.
, .

vs.

, ,
(load) .
*SET_option
, , parts.
, ,

Part
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID
.
.
.
. (
.)
*INTEGRATION_option
*INTERFACE_option
SPRINGBACK_LSDYNA ()
, ,
COMPONENT and LINKING

*PARAMETER
(dyna deck).
&
*KEYWORD
*PARAMETER
*KEYWORD
$
*PARAMETER
$
prmr1
val1
prmr2
val2
R SCLFCT
2.0 r lwrsfct
5.0
$
$
$$$$$ Note:
$
$
The "&" must start in columns 1, 2 or
$
*BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_NODE
$
nid
dof
vad
lcid
5
3
0
1
6 &ival
0
1
7
3
0
1
$
prmr3
i ival
val3
2
3 of the input field.
sf
&SCLFCT
&lwrsfct
&SCLFCT
vid
0
0
0
(sphere1.k)
*KEYWORD
$ units: kg, mm, msec, GPA
*MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY
$ elastic
$
mid
ro
e
pr
sigy
etan
faileps
2 7.83000-6 200.00000 0.3000000 2000.0000 1.0000000 0.3000000 0.0000000
$ e/p with failure

$
2 7.83000-6 200.00000 0.3000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.3000000 0.0000000
$ 0.0000000 0.0000000
0
0
$ plastic strains
$ 0.0000000 0.0800000 0.1600000 0.4000000 99.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
$ von mises stresses
$ 0.2070000 0.2500000 0.2750000 0.2900000 0.3000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
*initial_velocity_generation
1,2,,,,-89
*contact_surface_to_surface
1,2,3,3
*TITLE
sphere1.k
sphere1.k
1.0000000
0 0.0000000
0 0.0000000
*CONTROL_TIMESTEP
0.0000000 0.0000000
0 0.0000000 0.0000000
0
0
0
*CONTROL_SHELL
0.0000000
0
0
0
0
0
0
*CONTROL_DAMPING
0 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
0 0.0000000
0
*CONTROL_CONTACT
0.0000000 0.0000000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.0000000
0
0
0
*CONTROL_OUTPUT
0
0
0
0 0.0000000
0
0
*CONTROL_ENERGY
1
2
1
1
*DATABASE_BINARY_D3PLOT
0.1000000
0
*DATABASE_BINARY_D3THDT
10.000000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*CONTROL_CPU
0.0000000
*MAT_RIGID
1 7.83000-6 200.00000 0.3000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
sphere1.k
*SECTION_SOLID
1
0
*SECTION_SHELL
2
0 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
2.5000000 2.5000000 2.5000000 2.5000000 0.0000000
*PART
*PART
*NODE
1-2.193931007E+01-2.193931007E+01-9.339309692E+00
2-2.145448303E+01-2.145448303E+01-8.854482651E+00
0
0
0
0
3633 7.093333435E+01 7.600000000E+01-2.542500114E+01

3634 7.600000000E+01 7.600000000E+01-2.542500114E+01
*ELEMENT_SOLID
1
1
1
2
7
6
46
2
1
2
3
8
7
47
3
1
3
4
9
8
48
.
.
2046
1
2630
2631
2295
2286
1773
2047
1
2631
2632
2304
2295
1854
2048
1
2632
2633
2313
2304
1935
0
0
0
0
47
48
49
52
53
54
51
52
53
1854
1935
2016
1863
1944
2025
1782
1863
1944
.
.
sphere1.k
*ELEMENT_SHELL
1
2
2
2
3
2
.
.
.
899
2
900
2
*BOUNDARY_SPC_NODE
2674
2705
2736
.
.
.
3603
3634
*END
2674
2675
2676
2705
2706
2707
2706
2707
2708
2675
2676
2677
3601
3602
3632
3633
3633
3634
3602
3603
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Sphere impacting plate
Sphere impacting plate
Exercise 1a
(, , , , , ,
)
,
/
LS-Prepost
LS-Prepost LSTC ( license)

PC
GUI, .
(LS-DYNA
)
( tree )

2, 3, 4, D (D is for Display)
LS-Prepost
: LS-Prepost Users Manual (from ftp site)

LS-Prepost
lsprepost d3plot lsprepost sphere1.k
(),
Shift () Ctrl ()
Rotate
Translate
Zoom
W Q X WX +
Acen:
Zin:
Top, Bottom, Front, Back, Right, Left:

.
Shad, Hide, Wire, View:
Mesh:
Rpart:
part
Clp, Reset, Redw:
Fcomp
Range /
, Toggle > Fringe Light Off and Toggle > Texture
Appear(ance) part .
.
Selpar, Blank
ID Ident
History ASCII
, vs. XyPlot
, , Vector
, part Find .
.
Setting .
, , Measure .
2 SPlane.
part Groups.
Views.
Follow.
Trace.
ASCII Output.
part Color.
File/Movie.
GIF, TIFF, ppm, JPEG File/Print.
Misc/Reflect.
Misc/Model Info.
() Toggle > Beam Style
Prism
Exercise 1b
.
.
LS-DYNA
Elastic
Elastic-Plastic
Orthotropic/Anisotropic
Hyperelastic (Rubber)
Foams
Composites
Viscoelastic
Heart/Lung
LS-DYNA .
Acoustic material
Fabric
Concrete/Soil
High Explosives
Laminated Glass
Rigid
User-defined
*MAT_ELASTIC(_FLUID)
( 30-40% )

Hyperelastic
Orthotropic Elastic
, ,
.
*control_timestep ERODE *control_termination
DTMIN
,.,

*MAT_ADD_EROSION
, , l
0.
LS-DYNA
A good overview of contact is presented in a four part series in archived FEA
Information newsletters available at
www.Feapublications.com
The series is contained in the August, September, October, and December
2001 newsletters.
Helpful info on contact and other LS-DYNA topics is available on-line at
www.lstc.com/help
Copyright 2003 by LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
Lagrangian
Parts ///
Parts
*CONTACT1
part ID(s) (include or exclude)

(Segment)
boxes (include or exclude)

Contact type (*CONTACT_<type>)

*CONTROL_CONTACT
*CONTACT

(
23.6 )
(Bucket) ( 23.8.1
23.11)
SOFT=0 1
()
SOFT=2

(contact_constraint)
(contact_sliding_only)
-
automatic
non-automatic
*control_contact *contact SHLTHK
Contact
thickness
Shell
midplane
Physical
gap
*section_shell *element_shell_thickness

LS-PREPOST (Appear > Thick)
=
*contact *part_contact
(see Table 6.1 in
Users Manual)
A SOFT
()
(good!)
: 23.3 23.7
: SOFT=0
k=
KA
K is the material bulk modulus

is the penalty scale factor
A is the segment area
V is the element volume
k=
KA
Max shell diagonal
: SOFT=1
SOFT *CONTACT A
SOFT=1
SOFT=0 (),

, Dt
m
k = SOFSCL 2
t
SOFT=1
10
()
/
Slave
Master
+
11
Non-automatic vs. Automatic
*CONTACT_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE
non-automatic
(SHLTHK)

*control_contact ORIEN
*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE

(looks in both directions)
12
()
f
master
slave
t
f
slave
master
13
() ()
Non-automatic AUTOMATIC
14
*CONTACT_...
NODES_TO_SURFACE
ONE_WAY_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE
AUTOMATIC_NODES_TO_SURFACE
ONE_WAY_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE
FORMING_NODES_TO_SURFACE
ERODING_NODES_TO_SURFACE
CONSTRAINT_NODES_TO_SURFACE
15
One_Way_Surface_to_Surface
nodes_to_surface contact

INTFOR
(more on that later)
16
Single Surface Contacts
self-contact () part-to-part
()
two-way treatment
RCFORC .
*contact_force_transducer_penalty
17
Single Surface Contacts
:
SINGLE_SURFACE ( )
AUTOMATIC_SINGLE_SURFACE ()
AIRBAG_SINGLE_SURFACE
ERODING_SINGLE_SURFACE
AUTOMATIC_GENERAL
AUTOMATIC_GENERAL_INTERIOR
AUTOMATIC_SINGLE_SURFACE
AUTOMATIC_GENERAL
AUTOMATIC_SINGLE_SURFACE
AIRBAG_SINGLE_SURFACE (VERY
expensive)
18
Eroding Contact
eroding
contact.
eroding contact
ECDT (*CONTROL_CONTACT)eroding
contact
()
*CONTROL_CONTACT ENMASS
LS-PREPOST Deleted Nodes on
19
Eroding Contact
*CONTACT_ERODING_SINGLE_SURFACE ()
CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SINGLE_SURFACE

*CONTACT_ERODING_NODES_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_ERODING_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE

20
Projectile Penetrating Plate
21
22
(SOFT=2)
.
SOFT=1 ().
(next slide).
.
:

A soft=2
970 MPP
23
(SOFT=2)
LSDYNA:
Standard* Contact
Segment-Based Contact
________________________
*standard contact refers collectively to these 9 contact types: 3, a3, 10, a10, 4,
13, a13, 14, and 15 with soft=0 or soft=1.
24
(SOFT=2)
25
(SOFT=2)
Segment-Based Contact is implemented for:
Surface_to_surface (3)
Automatic_surface_to_surface (a3)
Single_surface (4)
One_way_surface_to_surface (10)
Automatic_one_way_to_surface (a10)
Automatic_single_surface (13)
Airbag_single_surface (a13)
Eroding_surface_to_surface (14)
Eroding_single_surface (15)
26
(SOFT=2)
.
shooting node logic SNLOG
IGNORE 1 SOFT=0 or 1
.
27
(SOFT=2)
SOFT=2
SBOPT A
2 ():
3:
4:
5: 3 4
DEPTH A
2 ():
3: 2
5: 2
28
Segment-Based Contact (SOFT=2)

Falling Balls using Segment-Based Contact
29
Segment-Based Contact (SOFT=2)

Falling Balls using Segment-Based Contact
30
Falling Blocks using Segment-Based

Contact
up
31
CONTACT_INTERIOR
.

Part set ID

(fraction of initial thickness)
970
(TYPE=2).
32
*CONTACT_DRAWBEAD
Approximates complex behavior of a drawbead
*CONTACT_FORMING_...
Nodes_to _surface, surface _to _surface, oneway_surface_to _surface options

()
(as in IGES surfaces)
()
look ahead h-adaptivity
33
2D Contact
*CONTACT_2D_<option>

12-15
7,8
CONTACT_2D_AUTOMATIC_...
CONTACT_2D
34

*CONTACT_FORCE_TRANSDUCER_option
2 3

*database_rcforc
*CONTACT_FORCE_TRANSDUCER
_PENALTY ()
_CONSTRAINT ()
35
*contactVDC
VDC = (2m)
20% = 20, 0.20
:
k = interface stiffness
m = min {mslave,mmaster}
part
part
36
*DATABASE_option
ASCII
GLSTAT:
RCFORC:
SLEOUT:
NCFORC: ( *contact SPR=1
MPR=1)
Binary
*DATABASE_BINARY_INTFOR ()
*contact_1 SPR=1 MPR=1
s=filename
LS-PREPOST
37

*CONTROL_CONTACT
(Default=0.10) [SLSFAC]
Effect is cumulative with penalty scale factor specified on card 3 of
*contact
[RWPNAL]
(non-automatic) [SHLTHK]
[THKCHG]
*control_shell
SOFT=0 [PENOPT]
/ [ORIEN]
38

*CONTROL_CONTACT
[ENMASS]
[NSBCS]
[SSTHK]
[ECDT]
IGNORE [IGNORE]
39
(INTFOR) .
FRCENG=1 (*CONTROL_CONTACT)
.

40
.
.

(Brake squeal)
*CONTACT_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE

41
Practical Guidelines
IGNORE=1 (via *control_contact or *contact),
42
d3hsp
IGNORE=0
IGNORE=2 IGNORE=1 , (v. 970)
IGNORE=0
LS-PREPOST 0 1
0 1
1. 1
.
43
General Tips
*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SINGLE_SURFACE with SOFT=1
( )
*contact_force_transducer
*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_GENERAL

*contact_automatic_general_interior

(check)

44
General Tips
( 1
2 mm)
B SLDTHK
SLDSTF (*mat_null )
(one-way contact)
*contact 3
*contact A SOFT=1
.
Round-off corners using finer mesh
(SOFT=2)
45
General Tips
d3hsp IGNORE=1

OK. 100
. *contact *control_contact.
.
(
)
46
Tied Contact Applications
Spotweld to shell
surface
Tied interface permits mesh transition

Tied interface
Shell edge to surface
47

OFFSET TIEBREAK
OK for rigid bodies
48
Tied Contacts with Failure

TIEBREAK_NODES_TO_SURFACE
non-automatic nodes_to_surface
TIEBREAK_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE
, non-automatic surface_to_surface
post-failure stress-vs-gap curve
TIED_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE_FAILURE
AUTOMATIC__TIEBREAK
,
,
49
Tied Contact
tied_shell_edge_to_surface

_constrained_offset
or _beam_offset
constrained_offset
beam_offset is an option only with tied_shell_edge_to_surface,
not tied_nodes_to_surface or tied_surface_to_surface
50
Tying Parts
*CONSTRAINED_<option>
spotweld
generalized_weld
nodal_rigid_body
extra_nodes
tie-break ()
tied_nodes_failure
51
Exercise 1c
(1)
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
onset of
necking
hardening
rupture
Bridgman (1947,1952)
zz
xx
yy
3
e
y
E=
d
, < y
d
-
Q
e
ETAN =
y
E=
d
, > y
d
d
, < y
d
e
6
()
e
= k n = k ( y +
y
E=
) , for
p n
> y
d
, < y
d
e
7
e
y
E=
d
, < y
d
e
8
Von Mises
von Mises
( 1 2 )
f =
+ ( 2 3 ) + ( 1 3 )
y = 0
2
2
f = y = 0
(),
f = 22 + 12 1 2 Y2 = 0
Q
Stress State not valid,
f >0
f <0
Elastic domain
Yield surface,
f =0
10
11
12
: /
Engineering Stress =
Engineering Strain =
f
Force
=
Original Area Ao
Change in Length d
=
Original Length
Lo
f
Ao
d
lo
e
13
: /
True Stress = Cauchy' s Stress =
True Strain =
fl
Force
=
= e (1 + e )
Current Area Ao Ac
l
Change in Length
= ln = ln(1 + e )
Current Length
lo
e =
f
Ao
e (1 + e )
d
lo
ln(1 + e )
d
14
:
Effective Stress = eff = vm = xx
Effective Strain = xx
xx
E
eff
eff
15
eff
eff
16
17
&
eff
eff
18
LSDYNA
Q
Q
Q
Q
Cowper-Symonds
19
Cowper-Symonds
C p
Q
C
Q
C P 40/s 6
20
Pn
21
(
)
1.0
&
22
Q
()
23
.
Q
LS-DYNA
VP=1
24
LSDYNA
25
*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC (mat_3)
Q
Isotropic-Hardening
Q
Kinematic-Hardening
Q
Mixed
Cowper-Symonds (
)
()
Q
26
*MAT_JOHNSON_COOK (mat_15)
Q
Los Alamos National Laboratory
27
*MAT_STRAIN_RATE_DEPENDENT_PLASTICITY
(mat_19)
Q
Youngs Modulus ( VP=1)
Q
Yield Stress
Q
Tangent Modulus
Q
, :
Von Mises stress
Effective plastic strain
Maximum principal stress
shells/solids/thick shells
28
(mat_24)
Q
:
Q
, ,
Q
8 vs. ,
Q
vs.
(
)
Cowper-Symonds

29
Q
( mat_81 )
Q
Q
(shells only)
Q
30
*MAT_SIMPLIFIED_JOHNSON_COOK (98, 99)
Mat_Johnson_Cook
*MAT_PLASTICITY_WITH_DAMAGE (81, 82)
Mat_99 Mat_82
31
Exercise 1d
32
EFG (Element Free Galerkin)

(*SECTION_SOLID_EFG)
(hysteresis or crushable)
ELFORM 1 2 3
6 ()
ELFORM 2.
*MAT_LOW_DENSITY_FOAM (57)

*INITIAL_FOAM_REFERENCE_GEOMETRY
: ,
*MAT_73 *MAT_57
*Mat_73
*MAT_FU_CHANG_FOAM (83)

Drop tower data .
.
.
: ,
dubois-foam.pdf
*MAT_CRUSHABLE_FOAM (63)
, , .
vs.

, (MAT_163)
*MAT_MODIFIED_CRUSHABLE_FOAM (163)
mat_63
&3
&2
&1
&1 < &2 < &3

1-V
*MAT_HONEYCOMB (26)
().
() .
6
RADIOSS 28
: ,
RADIOSS ( ) (1 ) = /(1
+ )
*MAT_MODIFIED_HONEYCOMB (126)
*mat_honeycomb
0 9 (Co-rotational
*MAT_MODIFIED_HONEYCOMB)

;
ELFORM=0

ELFORM=9

*MAT_TRANSVERSELY_ANISOTROPIC_
CRUSHABLE_FOAM (142)
Hirth, Du Bois, Weimar
MAT_HONEYCOMB
*MAT_SOIL_AND_FOAM
14
*MAT_SOIL_AND_FOAM_FAILURE
26
*MAT_HONEYCOMB
126
*MAT_MODIFIED_HONEYCOMB
53
*MAT_CLOSED_CELL_FOAM
57
*MAT_LOW_DENSITY_FOAM
62
*MAT_VISCOUS_FOAM
63
*MAT_CRUSHABLE_FOAM
73
*MAT_LOW_DENSITY_VISCOUS_FOAM
75
83
*MAT_BILKHU/DUBOIS_FOAM
*MAT_FU_CHANG_FOAM
970
142
*MAT_TRANSVERSELY_ANISOTROPIC_CRUSHABLE_FOAM
144
*MAT_PITZER_CRUSHABLE_FOAM
154
*MAT_DESHPANDE_FLECK_FOAM
163
*MAT_MODIFIED_CRUSHABLE_FOAM
177
*MAT_HILL_FOAM
178
*MAT_VISCOELASTIC_HILL_FOAM
179
*MAT_LOW_DENSITY_SYNTHETIC_FOAM
180
*MAT_LOW_DENSITY_SYNTHETIC_FOAM_ORTHO
.
:
*CONTACT_INTERIOR
*PART_SET (default = 1.0)
*contact_interior 970
, 57 DAMP=0.5
( 1.0 )

0.8 (*CONTROL_TIMESTEP)

.
ELFORM 10 ()
MAT_126, 0.
EFG . ().
, (EOS)
.
( 5
).
*control_bulk_viscosity *hourglass/*part .
LS-DYNA
.

,
.
(sandwitch)
.

LS-DYNA
(*mat)
*mat_2 AOPT (orthotropic_elastic)
(*section_shell)
beta
(*element_shell_beta, *element_solid_ortho)
( )
Gaussian Lobatto
()
*integration _shell
*section_shell QR/IRID
*mat_2 (elastic_orthotropic)
4 ,
fiber/matrix damage
*mat_22 (composite_damage)
*control_shell lamsht=1 laminate
shell
*mat_54,55 (enhanced_composite_damage)
*control_shell lamsht=1 laminate
shell
*mat_58 (laminated_composite_fabric)
*mat_59 (composite_failure(_shell, _solid)_model)

Crashworthiness Analysis with Enhanced

Composite Material Models in LS-DYNA - Merits and
Limits, Schweizerhof et al, 5th International LS-DYNA
Users Conference (1998) LS-DYN
mat_54, mat_58, and
mat_59.
*mat_114 (layered_linear_plasticity)
laminate shell
*mat_116 (composite_layup)
laminate shell (
)
*integration_shell ( )
Resultant formulation ()
*mat_117 (composite_matrix)
*mat_118 (composite_direct)
Resultant formulation ( )
21
117
118 ( )
*mat_161 (composite_msc)
Materials Sciences (
license)

()
()
, *control_accuracy
INN = 2 Invarient Node Numbering
*database_extent_binary
CMPFLG (and STRFLG)1
(Geologic Materials)
Dr. Len Schwer (len@schwer.net)LS-DYNA

.

() vs.

vs.

3-invarient cap model
*mat_5 (soil_and_foam)

vs.
*mat_16 (pseudo_TENSOR)

Tresca Mohr-Coulomb
(EOS)
*mat_193 (Drucker-Prager)
Arup, UK
Mohr-Coulomb
*mat_145 (schwer_murray_cap)
3-invarient, continuous cap model

mat_25 (geologic_cap)
970
*mat_78 (soil_concrete)
*mat_79 (hysteretic_soil)
*mat_192 (soil_brick)
*mat_84,85 (winfrith)

crack file LS-POST
*mat_96 (brittle_damage)
*mat_72 (concrete_damage)
*mat_111 (johnson_holmquist)
*mat_16, 72, 84,96

*contact_1D ()
*constrained_lagrange_in_solid ()

.
,
(PR ~ 0.5)
Lagrangian
*mat_27 (mooney_rivlin)

d3hsp

*mat_77 (ogden_rubber, hyperelastic_rubber)

(mat_27 )
d3hsp

(viscoelasticity)

*mat_7 (blatz_ko)
*mat_87 (cellular_rubber)
*mat_181 (simplied_rubber)
Others
*mat_143 (wood)
*mat_91 ()
*mat_128 ()
*mat_129 ()
*mat_spring_muscle
*mat_90 (acoustic)

*mat_34 ()

*mat_19 (strain_rate_dependent_plasticity)
, *mat_1 (elastic) *mat_add_erosion (

)
/
*MAT_24 (piecewise_linear_plasticity)
*MAT_81,82 (plasticity_with_damage(_orthotropic))
*MAT_89 (plasticity_polymer)
*MAT_101 (Geplastic_srate_2000a)
GE
*MAT_112 (finite_elastic_strain_plasticity)

*MAT_141 (rate_dependent_polymer)

*mat_60 (elastic_with_viscosity)
*mat_106 (elastic_viscoplastic_thermal)
Mat_66,67,68,69,70,71,74,93,94,95,97,119,121,146,196,
197
Mat_66 (mat_linear_elastic_discrete_beam)
6 (3 + 3 )
6 ()
Mat_67 (mat_nonlinear_elastic_discrete_beam)
3 - + 3
3 - + 3 ()
Mat_70 (mat_cable_discrete_beam)
, ()
Mat_196 (mat_general_spring_discrete_beam)
6 ()

, RADIOSS Property Set Type 8
- General Spring
RADIOSS Property Set Type

13 Beam Type Spring *section_beam
SCOOR -2 2.
(HG)

, .

.
.
,
( ( HG ) )
12 HG
5 HG
1k
3k
2k
4k
( LS-Prepost )

: 6 7 w-mode
()
.

0.1
0.03
3
IHQ=1: default (cheapest)
IHQ=2: Flanagan-Belytschko
2
IHG=6 (next slide)
, co-rotational Belytschko-Bindeman [1993]
IHQ=6
.
.
.
, 0.1 .
1.0 , .
:
(>2)

(foam, honeycomb, rubber)

IHQ = 1, 2, 3

IHQ = 4, 5, 6
IHQ=8 16

*CONTROL_HOURGLASS

*HOURGLASS
part ()
*PART HGID
*CONTROL_ENERGY
HGEN 2 ()
*DATABASE_GLSTAT, *DATABASE_MATSUM
glstat matsum
SHGE 2
: < 10% :
( GLSTAT )
part ( MATSUM )

(
)
( ), 1
() 1 2 .
, :
( part )
( )
LS-DYNA
(, )
(, )

()
EFG SPH ()
*ELEMENT_...
eid, pid, n1, n2, etc
*PART
pid, sid, mid, eosid, hgid,
*NODE
nid, x, y, z
*HOURGLASS
hgid,
*SECTION_...
sid, elform,
*EOS_GRUNEISEN
eosid,
*MAT_
mid, rho,
*ELEMENT_MASS
ID (EID)
ID
*ELEMENT_INERTIA
ID
ID
ID ()
(alternative to *element_mass)
*ELEMENT_DISCRETE

:
ID
part ID
2: N1, N2 (N2=0 )
N1 to N2 (), ,
(*define_sd_orientation) ,
6
DEFORC
(0)
*ELEMENT_DISCRETE

*MAT_SPRING_<option> Force = F(displacement)

Maxwell ()
*MAT_DAMPER_<option> Force = F(velocity)
*SECTION_DISCRETE()
()
()
()
/
*ELEMENT_BEAM

, , ,
:
element ID
part ID
3 node point IDs (
*section_beam
N1-to-N2
Beam Definition
n3
s
r
n2
t
n1
*SECTION_BEAM

6
Hughes-Liu (ELFORM=1)

Belytschko-Schwer (ELFORM=2)

() (ELFORM=6)
6/
(ELFORM=9)
*mat_spotweld;
*SECTION_BEAM
(contd)
3
() (ELFORM=3)
() (ELFORM=6)
*mat_cable
*SECTION_BEAM

(1) (9) :
()
(, , W, C, T, Z, )
()
(2) :
, ,
(6) (3) :
*SECTION_BEAM

(ELFORM=6):
: where VOL * = mass of beam

INER: (
)
CID: ID
CID *define_coordinate_nodes with
FLAG=1, 3
(continued)
*SECTION_BEAM
(continued):
SCOOR: orientation update flag

SCOOR=2
SCOOR0
SCOOR=3
RRCON, SRCON, TRCON:
*ELEMENT_SOLID
3-D
:
element ID
part ID
8 node IDs
n1,n2,n3,n4,n4,n4,n4,n4 for 4-node tetrahedron
n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n5,n6,n6 for pentahedron (wedge)
/*MAT_
Solid Elements
4
2
3
5
3
1
2
5
1
*control_solid
ESORT=1
Solid Element Formulations

ELFORM *SECTION_SOLID
1. ()
8-

(brick)
2. S/R
2x2x2 ()
()

Solid Element Formulations

3.
14 20
6

8, 14.
1 8
()
*MAT_ACOUSTIC ()
,
.
:
4.
4 5 (*control_solid)
6
10.
4
*control_solid ESORT=1
4-:
13.

/3D R-
10-
10-:

4

(*control_solid)
104
16. 10
4 5

17. 10
971

Euler/ALE
ALE Euler (5,6,7,11,12)

Lagrangian
:
ELFORM 5: ALE ()
ELFORM 6: Eulerian ()
ELFORM 7: Eulerian ambient ()
:
ELFORM 11: Euler/ALE
(*mat_vacuum)
ELFORM 12: Euler/ALE
.
6.
, 33 .
.
*SECTION_SHELL
part
(IP)
(Gauss, Lobatto, trapezoidal, user-defined rule)

(default = 1.0, 5/6 ;
)
, , ( Hughes-Liu 1,
6, 7 )
(
22, 23, 33, 34, 36, 54, 55, 56, 59, 103)
NIP
1
2
3+
()
()
CPU
Gauss (1010)
Lobatto ()
Trapezoidal ()
User-defined (*integration_shell)
ex.

*DATABASE_EXTENT_BINARY MAXINT
*ELEMENT_SHELL

ID
part ID
4 ( )

*SECTION_SHELL
(
*SECTION_SHELL )
ELFORM=2: Belytschko-Tsay (B-T)

Co-rotational (: )

(
*CONTROL_ACCURACY )
*CONTROL_SHELL
BWC ( )
*CONTROL_ACCURACY

x 1-2
90
ELFORM=1: Hughes-Liu
LS-DYNA
B-T ,

Jaumann (: LS-DYNA
)

B-T 2
OK for warped geometries if nodal fibers are incrementally
and uniquely updated (IRNXX=-2 in *control_shell)
, (),
2x2
4 5 4 ( w-mode )
:
ELFORM=6: Hughes-Liu with Jaumann rate stress update
B-T 10
ELFORM=7: Hughes-Liu with co-rotational stress update
B-T 5
2x2
(continued):
ELFORM=16: , co-rotational
Belytschko-Tsay
6 7 , Bathe-Dvorkin
w ( )
B-T 2.5 3
8 (
)

B-T ()

Belytschko-Tsay
ELFORM=5:
NIP=1ELFORM=2
*SECTION_SHELL NIP=1
ELFORM=9: ( 4 )

*MAT_FABRIC
( )
ELFORMs 1,2,10: (; !)
ELFORM 4: C0 (;
)
ELFORM 3: BCIZ (; C0
)
()

( )
*CONTROL_SHELL C0
2*
16
N/A
* BWC (*control_shell)
(*control_accuracy).
*CONTROL_SHELL

C0
B-T BWC
Gauss Lobatto
-2 (unique nodal fibers) H-L

H-L
0 Jacobian
970
.

(*control_shell)
*control_bulk_viscosity TYPE = -1

Lobatto
4
*database_extent_binary MAXINT
( 3 )

*database_extent_binary STRFLG=1
(d3plot, d3thdt)
( *database_extent_binary
CMPFLG=1, /
)
ELOUT (x
N1-N2 , z )
2-D
2-D
12 =
13 =
14 = ()
15 = ()
x-y (y 14 15 )
*section_shell NIP=4 13 15
15 13
3D
*CONTACT_2D_... .
8
4
ELFORMs 1 and 2

N1,N2,N3,N4
*Section_Tshell, *Element_Tshell
Exercise 2a
and
Exercise 2b
(RB)
*MAT_RIGID (material 20)
, .
6 ( (CG))

d3hsp
*DATABASE_RBDOUT
*LOAD_RIGID_BODY

;


*BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_RIGID

(_LOCAL option)
*PART_INERTIA
: ,
*boundary_prescribed_motion_node
,
*INITIAL_VELOCITY_RIGID_BODY
*INITIAL_VELOCITY with IRIGID flag on
*PART_INERTIA ()
*INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION
*MAT_RIGID (material 20) part

E
()
(CG, , , )
*PART_INERTIA
Nodal Rigid Body (NRB)

*CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY_option
,
()
SPC
INERTIA
*CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES

part
*CONSTRAINED_RIGID_BODIES
*mat_rigid Part
6
!
: part
, , , (next slide)
/ (, , , , rack-and-pinion, )
(2)
*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_type
*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS (
)
*DATABASE_JNTFORC
. *control_rigid
Lagrange.
1,2
1,2
3
3
1
4
2
Spherical joint
(3 transl.)
Universal joint
Revolute joint
(3 tranls*)
(3 transl, 2 rot)
3
1
5
13
1
24
2
4
Cylindrical joint
(2 transl, 2 rot)
Planar joint
* Also 1,3 remains perpendicular to 2,4.
(1 transl, 2 rot)
Translational joint
(2 transl, 3 rot)
().
CPU.
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID

*RIGID_DEFORMABLE_R2D
*RIGID_DEFORMABLE_D2R
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_AUTOMATIC

.,
*contact_automatic_single_surface, with rigid bodies

RIGID_BODY_TWO_WAY_TO_RIGID_BODY
RIGID_NODES_TO_RIGID_BODY
RIGID_BODY_ONE_WAY_TO_RIGID_BODY

()
*CONTACT_ENTITY
.
()
.
(, , , , )

VDA/IGES , (via curve).
contact_entity (GO=1),
*PART_INERTIA
LS-DYNA FEA dummies

MADYMO dummies
*RIGIDWALL
*RIGIDWALL
*RIGIDWALL
*MAT_RIGID *CONTACT
*CONTROL_CONTACT RWPNAL = 1.0

*RIGIDWALL_PLANAR
*RIGIDWALL
*RIGIDWALL_GEOMETRIC
LS-DYNA,
.
part
. part
25-mm .
2: (
)
5 .
Inertia Considerations: Example
shells
solids
Inertia Considerations: Example
shells
solids
MMI: Mass Moment of Inertia

units: mm, kg, ms
Number of elements
shells
solids
24
Element
length
LS-DYNA calculated MMI
Actual
MMI
(solid)
% Error
solids
shells
solids
25
38.38
38.38
12.79
200%
12.5
25.59
19.19
12.79
50%
96
64
6.25
22.39
14.39
12.79
12.5%
384
512
3.125
21.59
13.19
12.79
3.1%
1536
4096
1.5625
21.39
12.89
12.79
0.8%
()
*PART_INERTIA
mass of rigid body
mass of rigid body
= 136.9
principal inertias
i11 = 0.1251E+08
i22 = 0.6074E+08
i33 = 0.5874E+08
principal inertias
i11 = 0.5921E+07
i22 = 0.1018E+08
i33 = 0.1075E+08
principal directions
row1=
0.9769
row2=
0.0223
row3= -0.2127
= 230.5
0.0773
0.8905
0.4483
0.1994
-0.4543
0.8682
principal directions
row1= 0.9706
row2= 0.0714
row3= 0.2299
-0.1544
0.9173
0.3670
-0.1847
-0.3917
0.9013
*NODE
$
nid
x
y
1 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00
2 1.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00
3 0.000000000E+00 1.000000000E+00
4 1.000000000E+00 1.000000000E+00
7 0.000000000E+00-1.000000000E+00
8 1.000000000E+00-1.000000000E+00
9 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00
10 1.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00
$
*ELEMENT_SHELL
$
eid
pid
n1
n2
n3
1
1
1
3
4
3
2
7
9
10
$
z
0.000000000E+00
0.000000000E+00
0.000000000E+00
0.000000000E+00
0.000000000E+00
0.000000000E+00
0.000000000E+00
0.000000000E+00
n4
2
8
tc
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
rc
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Define Parts and Sections

*PART
$
pid
sid
rotating
1
1
fixed
2
1
$
$
*SECTION_SHELL
$
sid
elform
1
2
$
t1
t2
0.1
0.1
$
mid
eosid
hgid
grav
adpopt
nip
3.0
t4
0.1
propt
qr/irid
icomp
1
2
shrf
t3
0.1
nloc
Define Materials
*MAT_RIGID
$
mid
ro
e
pr
1 7.000E-04 3.000E+07 3.000E-01
$
cmo
con1
con2
$
lco/a1
a2
a3
v1
$
*MAT_RIGID
$
mid
ro
e
pr
2 7.000E-04 3.000E+07 3.000E-01
$
cmo
con1
con2
1.0
7
7
$
lco/a1
a2
a3
v1
$
couple
v2
v3
couple
v2
v3
Define Revolute Joint

*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_REVOLUTE
$
$ Create a revolute joint between two rigid bodies. The rigid bodies must
$ share a common edge to define the joint along. This edge, however, must
$ not have the nodes merged together. Rigid bodies A and B will rotate
$ relative to each other along the axis defined by the common edge.
$
$ Nodes 1 and 2 are on rigid body A and coincide with nodes 9 and 10
$ on rigid body B, respectively. (This defines the axis of rotation.)
$
$ The relative penalty stiffness on the revolute joint is to be 1.0,
$ the joint is well lubricated, thus no damping at the joint is supplied.
$
$
n1
n2
n3
n4
n5
n6
rps
1
9
2
10
1.0
$
Define Loading
$
*LOAD_NODE_POINT
$
nid
dof
3
3
4
3
$
$
*DEFINE_CURVE
$
lcid
sidr
1
$
abscissa
0.0
1.0
$
lcid
1
1
sf
-1.0
-1.0
cid
m1
scla
sclo
offa
offo
ordinate
1.00
1.00
m2
Control Timestep
$
*CONTROL_TIMESTEP
$
dtinit
scft
$
*DEFINE_CURVE
$
lcid
sidr
5
$
abscissa
0.0
1.0
$
isdo
tslimt
dtms
lctm
5
scla
sclo
offa
offo
ordinate
4.15E-06
4.15E-06
erode
Results
Results
3
2
GEBOD
Hybrid III
GEBOD
GEBOD
*COMPONENT_GEBOD
head
right shoulder
neck
upper torso
LSDYNA
.
GEBOD
LS-DYNA
K
right upper arm

middle torso
right lower arm
lower torso
right hand
right upper leg
right lower leg

right foot
GEBOD
*COMPONENT_GEBOD_option
OPTION . .
, ( 0 100)
( 24 240)
*COMPONENT_GEBOD_JOINT_option
OPTION . 0
.
PELVIS, WAIST, LOWER_NECK, UPPER_NECK,
LEFT_SHOULDER, RIGHT_SHOULDER, LEFT_ELBOW,
RIGHT_ELBOW, LEFT_HIP, RIGHT_HIP, LEFT_KNEE,
RIGHT_KNEE, LEFT_ANKLE, RIGHT_ANKLE
*CONTACT_GEBOD_option
Alternate to regular contact. Part Ids of dummy need not be known
a priori.
HYBRID III Dummies

Hybrid III
*COMPONENT_HYBRIDIII
.
Jacket, face, and/or pelvis may
optionally be flagged as
deformable.
Built-in HYBRID III Dummies

5, 50, 95

*COMPONENT_HYBRIDIII_JOINT_option
OPTION 0
.
.
*DATABASE_H3OUT

FEM HYBRID III Dummies

FEM HYBRID III
5, 50, 95 FEM LSDYNA ftp.lstc.com
kg, mm, ms.
: LS-Prepost treefile
.
*DATABASE_BINARY_D3DUMP
*DATABASE_BINARY_RUNRSF.
:
LS-DYNA .
*RESTART
:
part.
:

CPU
.
.
ls970 r=d3dumpXX
*KEYWORD
15e-03
*END
, parts,
/

ls970 i=restart_in.k r=d3dump01
restart_in.k .
:
parts, , , . (
)
parts, , , .
,
parts
*STRESS_INITIALIZATION .
parts, ,
*DELETE .
*INITIAL_VELOCITY
*CHANGE_VELOCITY_<option> .
_ID
ID
ID.
MPP d3fullXX (
d3dumpXX)
Exercise 3
10
()
( LS-DYNA)

LS-DYNA

LS-DYNA (*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_GENERAL
*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_DYNAMICS)

()
(cpu DOF
)
/

/
tn ()
Man = Pn - Fn + Hn
M =
P = +
F = (stress divergence vector)
H =
an = M-1( Pn - Fn + Hn )
accelerations at tn
vn+1/2 = vn-1/2 + an tn
velocities at tn+1/2
un+1 = un + vn+1/2 tn+1/2
displacements at un+1
= tssf * L/c
tssf = (default = 0.9)
L =
c =
L/c
= sqrt(k/m)
:
k=EA/L; m=AL
=sqrt(EA/L^2) = sqrt(E/)/L = c/L
/ .
(m/s)
STEEL
5240
ALUMINUM
5328
TITANIUM
5220
PLEXIGLASS
2598
WATER
1478
AIR
331
Lower density AND

lower elastic modulus
than steel; soundspeed
about the same
L =

L = volume/areamax side

L = area/lengthmax edge (Default), or
L = area/lengthdiagonal , or
L = area/lengthmin side

L = beam length
()

(tssf)

0.9 (0.67)
0.8
()
:

(, )
LS-DYNA
/
()
( , ,
)
/CPU
CPU
CPU (sw2)

()
()
()
()

*TERMINATION_<option>
BODY:
NODE:
CONTACT:
D3HSP
smallest
()
*DATABASE_EXTENT_BINARY STSSZ=2
Fcomp > Misc > Time step size in LS-PREPOST
Fringed time step is L/c withOUT the tssf applied
GLSTAT
?

.
*CONTROL_TIMESTEP
ERODE=1 *CONTROL_TERMINATION
DTMIN
() * DTMIN
,
*MAT (
mat_024)
*CONTROL_SHELL NFAIL1 / NFAIL4 1
(Jacobian ())
-.
(next slide),
.
(
)
t = L/c and c2 = E/

*MAT

*CONTROL_TIMESTEP
DT2MS < 0: TSSF * |DT2MS |
TSSF ()
DT2MS > 0: = DT2MS
()
MS1ST 1 DT2MS < 0,
DT2MSF: fraction < 1.0; TSSF *

DT2MSF * initial time step
DT2MS < 0,
GLSTAT
MATSUM part

*DATABASE_EXTENT_BINARY STSSZ=3
Fcomp > Misc > time step size in LS-PREPOST
*control_termination ENDMAS
(check
GLSTAT)


d3hsp messag
(d3plot)
ASCII (glstat, matsum, sleout, rcforc, etc.)
May be possible to extract a trace back from the core file (if
written), e.g., by typing
dbx <pathname/executable> core
where
.
?

tab, ?
.
*control_structured
dyna.str
d3hsp
d3hsp .
, Part ID Part.
.
d3hsp :
( summary)
100 (
smallest)
( Warning or Error)
( failed)
( Memory)
CPU ()
()
Part
LS-DYNA Part
(!)

()
()
()

()
Part
(, ,
, )
()
()
()
()
(
)
Bug ()
()
1 force unit = 1 mass unit * 1 acceleration unit

1 acceleration unit = 1 length unit / (1 time unit)^2
Mass
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
gm
gm
gm
gm
ton
lbf-s2/in
slug
Length
m
cm
cm
cm
mm
cm
cm
mm
mm
mm
in
ft
Time
s
s
ms
s
ms
s
s
s
ms
s
s
s
Force
N
1e-02 N
1e+04 N
1e+10 N
Stress
Pa
Energy
Joule
GPa
kN-mm
kN
erg
dyne dyne/cm2
Mbar 1e7 N cm
1e+07 N
1e-06 N
N-mm
N
N
N-mm
MPa
lbf
psi
lbf-in
lbf
lbf-ft
psf
(steel)
E (steel)
7.83e+03
2.07e+11
7.83e-03
2.07e+09
7.83e-03
2.07e+03
7.83e-03
2.07e-03
7.83e-06
2.07e+02
7.83e+00
2.07e+12
7.83e+00
2.07e+00
7.83e-03
2.07e+11
7.83e-03
2.07e-06
7.83e-09
2.07e+05
7.83e-04
3.00e+07
1.52e+01
4.32e+09
* 1 slug = 32.18 kg; 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 12*2.54 cm; 1N = 105dyne = 1lbf/4.4482

1 Mbar = 10+12 dynes/cm2; 1bar = 14.7 psi = 1.0 atm = 105 Pa;
1kg/m3 = 10-3 gm/cm3 = 0.9112 slug/ft3
ctrl-c
sw1 LS-DYNA
sw2 LS-DYNA
sw3 LS-DYNA
sw4 LS-DYNA
swa
Stop LS-DYNA
d3kil
d3kil 100

MPP , bg_switch ctrl-c.
sw2
...
, , ()
X, Y, Z
()
(
)
sw2 ()
d3hsp.

SW1

sw2 ()
1.0
= ()/( + )

sw1

2 (*control_accuracy)

(see
*control_energy)
glstat, matsum sleout
= (/
)
=
()
()
sleout
< 10%

...
, ,,

()
,
().
bug LS-DYNA bug

.
LS-DYNA
?
?

z
CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY
CONSTRAINED_SPOTWELD
CONSTRAINED_GENERALIZED_SPOTWELD
n1

z
z ,
n
fn fs
S + S 1
n s
z
z
n2
*MAT_SPOTWELD (*MAT_100)
N rr
N
rrF
N rs
+
N
rsF
N rt
+
N
rtF
M rr
+
M
rrF
M ss
M
ssF
Ttt
+
T 1 = 1
ttF
(v. 970)
, Toyota Motor ,
,
rr
F + F 1 = 0
rr
2
M rs2 + M rt2
N rr
+
rr =
A
Z
M
= rr +
2Z
A Z
d2
A =
4
d3
Z =
32
N rs2 + N rt2
A
Spotweld-to-Shell Attachment
z
z
z *CONTACT_TIED_SHELL_EDGE_TO_SURFACE or
*CONTACT_SPOTWELD(_WITH_TORSION)
z
z
z
z
z
RB1 extra node
Rigid Body 1
RB2 extra node
Rigid Body 1
Case Studies: *CONTACT_SPOTWELD_WITH_TORSION

z *ELEMENT_BEAM(_PID)
z N1 N2 N3
z
z N1; N1 N2
z _PID , PID1 PID2 (
part IDs)
PID1
n1
n1, option = PID
PID2
n2
*SECTION_BEAM
z
z 9 - Card 1, Column 2
z CST - Card 1, Column 5
z EQ. 0.0, ()
z EQ.1.0,
z EQ.2.0,
n1
n2
z CST = 0.0
z TS1, TS2 - > 12 s
z TT1, TT2 - > 12 z
z CST = 1.0
z TS1, TS2 - >
z TT1, TT2 - >
z CST = 2.0
z
Spotweld Dimensions (Example)

z Spotweld Beam Diameter vs Sheet Metal Thickness*
*5th LSDYNA Users Conference
z *DATABASE_SWFORC
z ()
z
z *DATABASE_ELOUT
z *DATABASE_HISTORY_BEAM
z
z d3hsp file reports

z
z
z
ELFORM=1 6
offset (970/3858
OK)
LS-DYNA

1. > dynain > 2.
/
(DR)
DR
().
DR .
.
DR, ( = .995)
. DR
.
DR
DR
.
(*DEFINE_CURVE) SIDR 1
2 DR
DR
DR converges
SIDR = 1 (DR phase)
SIDR = 0 (transient phase)
*CONTROL_DYNAMIC_RELAXATION
(default=250)
DR
(default 0.001)

(default=0.995)

DR (default = infinity)
DRTERM DR
DR
IDRFLG
DR 1 ( DR *DEFINE_CURVE
)
2,
.
m=filename).
DR drdisp.sif.
I8,6E15
.
LS-DYNA 100
.
.
DR
ASCII DR , GLSTAT, MATSUM,

RCFORC .
*DATABASE_BINARY_D3DRLF d3drlf
1 DR
(
*CONTROL_DYNAMIC_RELAXATION NRCYCK )
LS-Prepost d3drlf
relax
drdisp.sif DR .
DR
DR .
*LOAD_BODY_option ().
LCID LCIDDR 2 DR
*LOAD_THERMAL_LOAD_CURVE.
*MAT_4
LCID LCIDDR 2 DR
*DEFINE_CURVE SIDR12DR
: *LOAD_SEGMENT,
*BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION.
(see next slide)
.
.
.
.
. .
.
, LCID1 (DR
phase) LCID2 (Transient phase).
:
Contact_nodes_to_surface_interference
Contact_one_way_surface_to_surface_interference
Contact_surface_to_surface_interference
Dynamic relaxation (LCID1)

Scale
Transient Phase (LCID2)

Scale
Time
Time
OR
Transient Phase Only (LCID2) if LCID1=0
Scale
Time
DR ,
.
.
.
(*DAMPING_GLOBAL)
0.
.
0
Preload
Transient Load
Load
Load
Time
Mass Damping
Coef
Time
Time
LS-DYNA
.
*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_GENERAL.
LSDYNA M .
1: .
.
*interface_springback_lsdyna.
ASCII dynain dynain
2: .
.
10 (
). *control_implicit_general
IMFLAG -|curve ID|
LS-DYNA

v. 970, .
/, //
*INTERFACE_SPRINGBACK_LSDYNA
dynain
*INITIAL_STRESS_SHELL
*INITIAL_STRAIN_SHELL
*ELEMENT_SHELL_THICKNESS
*NODE (deformed geometry)
*INCLUDE_STAMPED_PART
dynain
Part ID
n2
stamp
n1
n3
crash
n2
n1
n3
Exercise 4
Stress initialization of spinning bar
*DAMPING_<option> Rayleigh
an = M-1 (Pn - Fn + Hn - Fndamp)
(
)
*DAMPING_RELATIVE
= 2 = 4/
= 2/

*DAMPING_GLOBAL

*DAMPING_PART_MASS
part
*CONTROL_ENERGYRYLEN=2
system damping energyglstat
Mass Damped Cantilever (Shells)
Period = 0.54 s
*DAMPING_PART_STIFFNESS part
()
>>
()
Pre-v960: BETA << timestep

= 2/max
V. 960: 0.10

V. 970:
*CONTROL_ENERGY RYLEN=2
(glstat, matsum)
*DAMPING_FREQUENCY_RANGE (V. 970)

(< 0.05)
Flow Fhigh
Fhigh/ Flow 10 300

(see Table in Users
Manual)
Exercise 4b
3-D H-adaptivity

2-D (12-15) 3-D (

)R-adaptivity
R-adaptivity
.
part .
R-adapted .
3D H-adaptivity

()

part ()
H-Adaptivity
LS-DYNA *PART
*CONTROL_ADAPTIVE
*PART
ADPOPT = 1 for H-adaptivity (shells)
ADPOPT = 2 for R-adaptivity (2D 3D )
*CONTROL_ADAPTIVE
ADPFREQ =
ADPTOL
H-adaptivity
2D R-adaptivity (
3D )
H-Adaptivity
In-plane and out-of-plane angle between adjacent shells is

checked against ADPTOL
in plane
out-of-plane
undeformed
deformed
undeformed
deformed
ADPOPT in *CONTROL_ADAPTIVE
ADPOPT (H-adaptivity)
eq. 1: (ADPFREQ)
(monitored against ADPTOL) 0
eq. 2: (
)
ADPOPT (R-adaptivity)
eq. 7: 3D R-adaptivity
*CONTROL_REMESHING
eq. 8: 2D R-adaptivity
*CONTROL_ADAPTIVE
( H-adaptive )
MAXLVL = ( 1,2,3,
1,4,16, )
IOFLAG
1
IREFLG > 0 t = 0

H-Adaptivity
H-adaptivity
*CONTROL_ADAPTIVE MAXLVL
3 4.
*CONTROL_ADAPTIVE
( H-adaptive )
ADPASS
eq. 0: 2-pass adaptivity
(ADPFREQ)
eq. 1: 1-pass adaptivity
ADPENE
*CONTACT_FORMING_option
ADPTH
H-adaptivity
*CONTROL_COARSEN .
no coarsening
5600 elements
Example: NUMISHEET 96 S-rail, aluminum
12 coarsening
2400 elements
Springback: Uniform Mesh versus (Adaptive with Coarsening)

= 9
Uniform mesh
no adaptivity
2000 elements
exp = 15.5
2-level adaptivity
12 coarsening
550 - 5600 - 2400 elements
= 14
LSDYNA
(default=ALL)

l
CPU
67,653
47,910 (29% reduction)
Rigid Wall Force
2D R-Adaptivity
2D R-Adaptivity
Forging Operation 3D Adaptive

(Courtesy of Alcoa)
R-adaptivity
R-adaptivity.
.
.
.
*CONSTRAINED_GLOBAL part.
.
ELFORM 13 3-D Radaptivity (

).
Exercise 1e
()
.
.

.
.
*INTERFACE_COMPONENT_option
*CONTROL_OUTPUT
z=ifac (ifac
)
*INTERFACE_LINKING_option
ID . :
SEGMENT ()
EDGE ()
DISCRETE_NODE ()
L=ifac
Simple Illustration of Component Analysis
Note difference in discretization of component.
Component Analysis
. , gravity (*LOAD_BODY)
.
ID
*INTERFACE_COMPONENT .
().
LS-DYNA
.
. LS-DYNA
(*AIRBAG_). , ,
1 .
.
Euler/ALE
ALE
.
(out-of-position)
.
*AIRBAG
LS-DYNA
Tires
Typical For Occupant
Airbags
LS-PREPOST

:
Thin fold
Thick fold
Tuck fold
Spiral fold
*AIRBAG_REFERENCE_GEOMETRY
Airbag Folding via LS-Prepost
*MAT_FABRIC
*MAT_FABRIC
Thin elastic liner can be automatically added to take small

amount of compression and keep things stable
AIRBAG_WANG_NEFSKE
part
( , ,
)
vs.
AIRBAG_WANG_NEFSKE
, A23, , LCA23
, AP23, , LCAP23
*MAT_FABRIC
(SOFT=2)
*contact_airbag_single_surface.

()

.
(IP, ) /.
(<0.4mm),
2-4 mm
(SOFT=1)
ASCII
= /
*DATABASE_ABSTAT
$ 19 x 25 inches, 0.015
$ : lbf-s^2/in, in, s, lbf, psi, lbf-in
Airbag
(Section Plane)
Airbag Part
$
*PART
Airbag - Fabric
$
pid
sid
mid
3
2
3
$
*SET_PART_LIST
$
sid
1
$ pid1
3
$
eosid
hgid
adpopt
Fabric Material (mat_034)

*MAT_FABRIC
$ mid
ro
ea
eb
$$ Ec, prca, prcb not used for fabric
3, 1.00e-4, 2.00e+6, 2.00e+6,
$
gab
gbc
gca
cse
$$ Gbc, Gca not used for fabric
1.53e+6
$$ aopt
0.0
$
xp
yp
zp
a1
a2
a3
d3
v1
v2
v3
d1
d2
ec
,
el
prba
prca
0.35
prl lratio
prcb
damp
Airbag Section
*SECTION_SHELL
$ sid - section id number
$ elform - fully integrated B-T membrane
$ nip - number of through shell thickness integration points
$ t1 - t4 - shell thickness at corner nodes
$
sid elform
shrf
nip propt qr/irid icomp
$$ fully-integrated membrane is inferred from *mat_fabric
2, 9, , 1
$
t1
t2
t3
t4
nloc
0.015, 0.015, 0.015, 0.015
Control Volume
*AIRBAG_SIMPLE_AIRBAG_MODEL
$ Uses gamma law EOS to calculate pressure in control volume
$ sid sidtyp
rbid
vsca
psca
vini
mwd
spsf
1
1
$ sid - set ID defining closed surface of control volume
$ sidtyp = 1 sid refers to a part list (*SET_PART)
$ rbid - airbag activation (default is airbag activated at t=0)
$ vsca - volume scale factor (def.=1.0)
$ psca - pressure scale factor (def.=1.0)
$ vini - initial filled volume
$ mwd - mass weighted damping factor
$ spsf - stagnation pressure scale factor (0 (def.) < spsf < 1.0)
$
for alternate form of damping
*AIRBAG_SIMPLE_AIRBAG_MODEL (continued)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
cv
1736
cp
t
2430 1200
lcid
1
mu
0.0
cv - heat capacity at constant pressure

cp - heat capacity at constant volume
t - temperature of input gas
lcid - input mass flow rate load curve ID
mu - shape factor for exit hole
a - exit area
pe - ambient pressure
ro - ambient density
a
0.0
pe
14.7
ro
3.821E-06
Mass Inflow Rate for Control Volume

*DEFINE_CURVE
$$ mass inflow rate vs. time
$ lcid
sidr
scla
sclo
offa
1
$
abscissa
ordinate
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
3.200E-02
2.600E+01
4.500E-02
6.000E-01
offo
Rigid Wall
$$ Ground
*RIGIDWALL_PLANAR
$ nsid nsidex boxid
0
$
xt
yt
zt
0.0
0.0
0.0
$
xh
0.0
yh
1.0
zh
0.0
fric
0.5
Contact (Airbag vs. Cylinder)

$$ Contact between airbag and cylinder
*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE
$ ssid
msid sstyp mstyp sboxid mboxid
spr
3
2
3
3
$ friction coefficient
0.5
$ Increase contact thickness to 0.1 inch
$
sfs
sfm
sst
mst
sfst
sfmt
fsf
,, 0.05, 0.05
$ soft
1
$
mpr
vsf
Results - Forces
rwforc file
rcforc file
Results - Pressure vs Volume
abstat file
General Guidelines for Crash Analysis in

LSDYNA
Copyright Livermore Software Technology

Corporation
(
)
*CONTROL_SHELL
ESORT=1
*CONTROL_SOLID
ESORT=1

, ELFORM=2 BWC=1
FULL projection (PROJ=1)

DRILL projection .
16, IHG 8
(ISTUPD in *CONTROL_SHELL)
()

3
VP=1
-
null shells null beams
null shells null beams
.
LS-DYNA.
Nodal rigid bodies

D3HSP
Joints

NON_LINEAR,
N1 N2
/
(d3hsp
)

*CONTACT_SPOTWELD_TORSION
Solid spotwelds show promise
*CONTROL_HOURGLASS,
part *HOURGLASS
/
, IHQ=4,
QM = 0.03
(IHQ=6)
, IHG=4 5
*MAT_RIGID
*MAT_RIGID2
t = 0
*PART_INERTIA
970
initial_velocity RIGID
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
AUTOMATIC
IGNORE=1
SOFT=1

, (SST)
, SLDTHK and SLDSTF (Opt. Card B)
GLSTAT MATSUM
*CONTROL_ENERGY
1.0

GLSTAT
.
1% (
GLSTAT )
Exercise 1a
sphere1 sphere1.k
.
mkdir sphere1
cp oldsphere1.k sphere1/sphere1.k
cd sphere1
LS-DYNA
ls970 i=sphere1.k
LS-Prepost .
lspost d3plot
Exercise 1b
sphere1.k .
Y
( = 10 rad/msec).
*initial_velocity_generation
0, 0, 12.6
0.3 .
(100 ).
ASCII (*database_nodout).
d3plot nodout .
z .
0.8, .
Exercise 1c
sphere1.k
, .
stop .
automatic_single surface contact (:

; ).
*contact_force_transducer_penalty .
ASCII
(: *DATABASE *CONTACTprint flag)
. LS-Prepost ASCII
.
.
Exercise 1d
sphere1.k.
().
. .
, 0.3, .
Exercise 1e
sphere1.k.
(
0).
0.1 msec (*control_adaptivity).
3 .
3 .
(*part).
0.3 0.4 msec 1 .
Exercise 2a
: (*rigidwall) (*load_body)
(oldtire.k) .
, () z,
.
D3PLOT NODOUT
.
0.2 mm . (
LS-Prepost Ident .)
200 ms
. (: RWFORC d3hsp
)
Exercise 2b
(oldtire.k).
z (
NODOUT ASCII ).
: GLSTAT (see
*control_energy).
16 (
), 2 (*control_accuracy).
.
Exercise 2c
.
30% . :
.
0.7.
16 2 ( Example 2b
).
NODOUT 8914 z
Exercise 3
: .
pendulum.k *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID
res.k:
13 ms
*RIGID_DEFORMABLE_R2D part 1 2
d3plot 0.1 ms
.
i=res.k r=d3dump01
.
V-M . ( 0 0.15)
Exercise 4a
: .
spinning-bar.k (). 0 0
*INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION .
d3plot von Mises .
spinning-bar.k spinning-bar.dr.k.
*LOAD_BODY_RZ *DEFINE_CURVE
(DR) . .
d3drlf .
Exercise 4b
spinning-bar.k
10% ( Dcrit =
4*pi/T). ?
spinning-bar.k
10% (COEF=0.1).
? V-M .
spinning-bar.dr.k
10. V-M .
z
z
z
z
z
z
bird-el.k: Euler/Lagrange
spinup.bar.k:
shells-5ip.k:
transducer.k: 3
rodsol.k:
component1.k, component2.k:
3 (transducer.k )
*contact_surface_to_surface

surface_to_surface
s2s ()
*control_contact ORIENT on (
part ID). ORIEN off
.
*control_contact SHLTHK
.

LS-DYNA 培训教程【姜正旭MSC.Software上海办事处】

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LS-DYNA

LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

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Public domain DYNA3D, Dr. John O. Hallquist/Lawence

LSTC and LS-DYNA3D founded by Dr. Hallquist in 1988

LS-DYNA2D LS-DYNA3D (LS-DYNA)

LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

: US, UK, Nordic countries, France, Germany,

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LSTC ftp site (ftp.lstc.com)

Application Drop test

Frontal Crash with Truck

Interaction of Head with Airbag

1 processor > 2 weeks

(No Tire Translation)

Moving (ALE) Reference System

Simulation provided courtesy of

Coupled Euler/Lagrange Simulation

H-Section Extrusion (Eulerian)

Tools not shown

Application - Metal Forming

Metal Forming with H-adaptivity

Forming of Door Panel

severe dynamic effects during early stages

Static Nonlinear Analysis:

*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_UNIVERSAL, RACK_AND_PINION, TRANSLATIONAL

Implicit tube crush

Implicit tube crush

Nonlinear Stress-Strain Curve

Plastic Strain at 2 seconds

Speed = 5530 m/s

EFG (Element-Free Galerkin) Applications

Bar Impact EFG Approach

Last Layer = EFG

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Option , *mat_elastic, *mat_rigid,

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Option BEAM, DISCRETE, SHELL, SOLID

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Boundary Nodal Forces *DATABASE_BNDOUT

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Discrete Element Data *DATABASE_DEFORC

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ELOUT data (continued)

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global energy information

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Geometric Contact Entities

forces and moments

forces and moments (including moments due to joint friction)

Option , mat_elastic, mat_rigid,