B&B Lecture 2: Neuroanatomy Topics for todays lecture Central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS)

) Meninges (protective coverings) Ventricular system Central Nervous System: Made up of Brain and the spinal cord Mediates all sensory inputs and motor outputs Generates behavior (observed and non-observed) PNS: Everything else 3 main components: Spinal nerves, cranial nerves and autonomic nervous system Carries information into and out of the CNS Cranial nerves allow us to bring in information and give out motor commands for the head and the neck. Subcategory of spinal nerves Autonomic nervous system: nonconscious part of PNS Nerves: Axons; output of neurons 31 pairs of spinal nerves carry sensory and motor signals to/from CNS via the spinal cord Dorsal division (closer to back) and Ventrel division (closer to stomach) Dorsal root and ventral root-together form pair Dorsal root carries sensory information (outside info coming in) Ventral root: motor output (axons commanding muscles to move) Dorsal root ganglion Ganglion: group of cell bodies Anatomical Directions Dorsal: towards the back Ventral: towards stomach Anterior: towards the front Posterior: towards the back Medial: towards the midline of the body: Nose Lateral: towards the sides of your body: ears Sensory input through head: sight, hearing, smell, taste Twelve pairs of cranial nerves (numbered by how far anteriorly they enter the brain) (anteriorposterior)

*Either sensory only, motor only, or mixed) I. Olfactory: (Sensory) Ventral, right above nose II. Optic: (Sensory) Vision; crosses at optic chiasm, ALL visual input, travels to occipital lobe III. Oculomotor: (Motor) Muscle that moves the eyes IV. Trochlear: (motor) also controls eye movement V. Trigeminal: (Mixed) Sensory information to the face, Motor information to the jaw VI. Abducens: (Motor) Also controls movement of the eyes VII. Facial: (Mixed) Sensory info for face, Motor input to facial muscles (emotional aspects of face, also motor output to tear glands)(Botox damages this nerve) VIII. Vestibulocochlear: (Sensory) Auditory nerve, allows you to hear, balance input to vestibular system IX. Glossopharyngeal: (Mixed) Throat muscles (swallowing), Sensory input to larynx X. Vagus: (Mix) Part of ANS, Motor inputs to control of internal organsinvoluntary, Sensory input to internal organs XI. Spinal Accessory (Motor) Motor control of Neck Muscle (shrug shoulders) XII. Hypoglossal: (Motor) Motor control of moving tongue (important for eating and speaking) Homework: Find cleverest acronym to remember twelve pairs of cranial nerves Autonomic Nervous System Two major subdivision: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic (Push and pull) *Automatic, involuntary Parasympathetic nervous system: Fight or Flight-pulls blood away to non critical organs and to muscles. Allows blood to pump and lungs to work Sympathetic: Slows things down. Allows you to digest, heart slows down. Rest and digest Central Nervous System (CNS) Frontal Lobe Central Culcus? 27:11