SPRINGS

A spring is an elastic object used to store mechanical energy. Springs are usually made out of hardened steel. Small springs can be wound from prehardened stoc ! while larger ones are made from annealed steel and hardened after fabrication. Some non-ferrous metals are also used including phosphor bron"e and titanium for parts re#uiring corrosion resistance and beryllium copper for springs carrying electrical current $because of its low electrical resistance%.

&'ASSI(I&A)I*N +AS,- *N.

How the load is applied Based on the shape Based on the use

Compression springs :are made of an elastic wire material formed into the shape of a heli/ $which is why they are also called helical springs%! which returns to its natural length when unloaded. &ompression springs can be commonly referred to as a coil spring or a helical spring. &oil springs are a mechanical de0ice which is typically used to store energy and subse#uently release it to absorb shoc ! or to maintain a force between contacting surfaces.

Torsion springs :are helical wound springs made to generate rotational and torsional forces. A torsion spring applies force through a twisting motion to mo0e or return a part or component. In particular! the

more one twists the spring! the more force it ta es to twist it further. 1ith double torsion springs one can ha0e cloc wise and countercloc wise rotational forces in one spring

Extension springs :commonly called tension springs! are

helically wound coils! wrapped tightly together to create tension. ,/tension springs usually ha0e hoo s! loops! or end coils that are pulled out and formed from each end of the body. )he function of a tension spring is to pro0ide e/tended force when the spring is pulled apart from its original leng

Conical Compression springs .are similar to compression springs

and can be used for the same applications. )he ad0antage with conical

springs howe0er! is that the coils can telescope into each other for a shorter coil bind height..

Barrel springs. are speciali"ed 0arieties of the con0entional helical

compression spring. 2ariable diameters act in the same way as 0ariable pitch to promote consecuti0e coiling closing.

Extended length coil springs .are used as pipe cleaners. Pipe cleaners
are e/tension springs without hoo s. *n pipe cleaners! the coils are tightly wound together to gi0e initial tension! and its long length allows it to ma e its way through the ma"e of the pipe it is unclogging. )he e/tension spring is turned cloc wise so that it acts li e a screw threading itself into the clog. *nce the pipe cleaner is imbedded into the mass it wor s at tearing it apart! thus unclogging the drain.

Auto Coil Springs:A section of spring steel rod wound in a spiral

pattern or shape. &ar coil springs are widely used in both front and rear suspension systems. )hese coils cushion and absorb the shoc s and bumps as the 0ehicle is dri0en.

Volute Spring :A 2olute spring is a compression spring in the form of a

cone $a 2olute%! designed so that under compression the coils are not forced against each other! thus compressing the length ma ing it shorter.

Power Spring:Power Springs pro0ide rotational energy from either the

arbor or the case! or linear motion with the use of a pulley or cable. Power springs are flat springs! meaning they are made of flat spring steel. A cloc spring and &onstant (orce Springs offer high force output with 0ery small space re#uirements3 cloc springs pro0ide long linear reach with minimal force buildup! and store power indefinitely when e/tended

Cantilever spring :is a flat spring supported at one end and holding a
load at or near the other end

Leaf springs .are a suspension spring made up of se0eral thin! cur0ed!

hardened-steel or composite-material plates attached at the ends to the 0ehicle underbody.