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(02)2918-2460 # 241~242
(02)2918-2248
2008 9711

A COMMENTARY ON THE EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS

Volume 1
By RONALD Y. K. FUNG
Published by permission
2008 by Campus Evangelical Fellowship
P. O. Box 13-144, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
All Rights Reserved
First Edition: Nov., 2008
Printed in Taiwan
ISBN978-986-198-081-2

08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Todd Bolen/BiblePlaces.com

....................................... ............. i
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110............................................... 207
15.......................................................... 208
1.1 12a................................................... 210
1.2 2b........................................................ 220
F

1.3 35..................................................... 223

610........................................................ 238
2.1 67.........................................

241

2.2 89.........................................

255

2.3 10............................................

263

11 10......................................... 273
11 21.. 274
3.1 1112.....................................

282

3.1.1 1112b.......................................... 282

3.1.2 12c................................................. 289

3.2 13 21..................................

296

3.2.1 1314..................................... 296

3.2.1.1 13................................. 296
3.2.1.2 14................................. 302
3.2.2 1517 .................................... 319
3.2.2.1 1516b...................... 319
3.2.2.2 16c17...................... 335
3.2.3 1820..................................... 352
3.2.3.1 1819.............................. 352
3.2.3.2 20.................................... 363
3.2.4 2124 .................................... 366
3.2.4.1 21........................ 366
3.2.4.2 2224................. 369
3.2.5 110....................................... 379
3.2.5.1 12a...................... 380

3.2.5.2 2bd...................... 386

3.2.5.3 35........................ 396
3.2.5.4 6............................ 416
3.2.5.5 79........................ 424
3.2.5.6 10........................... 455
3.2.6 1121..................................... 463
3.2.6.1 1113.......................... 466
3.2.6.2 1421.......................... 490
3.2.6.2.1 14................... 490
3.2.6.2.2 1516............. 515
3.2.6.2.3 1718............. 569
3.2.6.2.4 1920............. 586
3.2.6.2.5 21.................... 603

1 31.....

613

4.1 16......................................

614

4.1.1 15............................................ 615

4.1.2 6................................................. 655

4.2 714....................................

666

4.2.1 79......................................... 667

4.2.2 1012..................................... 683
4.2.3 1314..................................... 738

4.3 1522
4.4 23 11
4.5 1220
4.6 2131
1 10

 1118

110
15
610

11 10
11 21
1 31
4.1 16
4.2 714
4.3 1522..................................

771

4.3.1 1518........................................ 772

4.3.2 1922........................................ 806

4.4 23 11...............................

848

4.4.1 2329.................................. 848

4.4.1.1 2325 ...................... 849

4.4.1.2 2629....................... 868
4.4.2 17...................................... 909
4.4.2.1 12.............................. 911
4.4.2.2 35.............................. 924

4.4.2.3 67.............................. 948

4.4.3 811.................................... 966

4.5 1220..................................

999

4.5.1 12ac........................................... 1004

4.5.2 12d16......................................... 1010
4.5.3 1720........................................... 1034

4.6 2131................................. 1053

4.6.1 21................................................. 1056
4.6.2 2223........................................... 1059
4.6.3 2427........................................... 1064
4.6.4 2831........................................... 1093

1 10.... 1118
5.1 112...................................... 1121
5.1.1 16........................................ 1121
5.1.1.1 1............................... 1121
5.1.1.2 24.......................... 1129
5.1.1.3 56.......................... 1143
5.1.2 712...................................... 1162
5.1.2.1 79.................... 1162
5.1.2.2 10a..................... 1170
5.1.2.3 10b12.............. 1173

5.2 1326 ................................... 1189

5.2.1 1315....................................... 1196

5.2.2 1618....................................... 1220
5.2.3 1923....................................... 1243
5.2.3.1 1921............................. 1245
5.2.3.2 2223............................. 1266
5.2.4 2426....................................... 1296

5.3 110...................................... 1310

5.3.1 16.................................. 1312
5.3.1.1 1ab........................ 1312
5.3.1.2 1cd......................... 1320
5.3.1.3 2............................... 1321
5.3.1.4 35.......................... 1334
5.3.1.5 6............................... 1344
5.3.2 710................................ 1350
5.3.2.1 78 ......................... 1351
5.3.2.2 910........................ 1359

1118............................................1367
11...................................................... 1374
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........ 1445

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ii

New Perspective on Paul

28
34 12

18
1

iii

1119

/ /

F. F.
Bruce
1982
New International Commentary
1988

1997-2003

iv

19821988

vii

viii

H. Betz

Tom Wright
1

M. P. Surburg,Ancient Rhetorical Criticism, Galatians,

and Paul at Twenty-five Years,Concordia Journal 30 (2004): 13-39
ix

James Dunn
4

15 16

2000

2008

2003

1997
1.127-55

1980

1997

127155

xi

xii

1982

1987
1988

19972003

back to square one

come full circle

2
3

Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.Cf. Actemeier,Faith87.

1
Cf.
Silva (2001) 16, 27.2
have its say

Vanhoozer,Reader317-18

impact

Cf. Ziesler (1992) xiii. 4.10

001

2003 3

Brought up-to-date.

2004 8 1

4-726-481455-1520
Aune 483-595113

1.iii 3

2.9

4.11-12

002

514
1

16
18
25

2007.12.01

2.10
003

13
17
1824

114

15

1121

214

Barrett 4

Cf. J. Barclay 1. Stanton 1152a

110 1114

F. F. Bruce, IForeword
It sets forth the unique genius of the gospel in uncompromising terms.
Justification by faith and life in the Spirit are emphasized as respectively the root and the fruit of Christian
existence. Believers standing in Christ and their holy living are presented as alike dependent on the grace
of God; rules and regulations can produce neither the one nor the other.

the new perspective on Judaism / on Paul. 161-80

051

14831546
16281688
7

R. Longenecker xliii, lvii

xliii-lvii

Cf. Riches,
Galatians.

Cf. Knox, Galatians 338b.

J. K. Riches, DTIB 238a. Grace Abounding.

Cf. Silva, Faith 217 with n.1.

Betz, Composition [1975], Betz [1979]

rhetorical criticism: cf. Aune 416b-18b;443bAune 192a

Watson, Rhetoric 153-62.

1995-2005 Tolmie, Analysis 2-22

22-25

Hong1993 Kwon2004
Kok
[2000]Tsang [2005]
Nanos2002
Asano2005

052

1997

T. Witulski, Die Addressaten des Galaterbriefes: Untersuchungen zur Gemeinde von Antiochia
ad PisidiamGttingen, 2000.
1

Venema, Gospel 18-19.Cf. Wright, Really 158

240
the ecumenical doctrine

AuneReadings 219, cf. 224

T h e i s s e n L i m i t s 65
de-Lutheranize the image of Paul completely
Venema 53-56

a primarily theological and soteriological theme

imputes;
156a

Kim, Paul xiv.

3 1.127 127-34
134-54
154-55
HorrellPaul 104 n.11

the New Perspective on Paul;

160

1983
A. N. S. LaneDTIB 418athe New Perspective on Paul

a variety of new perspectives

69107 174180

a/the reigning paradigm: Carson,

Introduction 1 / Summaries 505

21
165
shibboleth

Introduction 4

xxii

WatersJustification 213-37, 228-37

By Faith Alone; Covenant; Venema, Gospel
181-99
199-203

Claude G. Montefiore, George F. Moore, Albert Schweitzersee Venema 94-97;

Westerholm, Perspectives 118-22, 108-15

the Sanders revolution

pre-Sanders

Wright, Really 18;

22-23
1.127 3

WatersJustification 119-20
198

198-204

204-12

Cf. Venema
120-21.

Aune, Readings 205. triumvirate; pioneer

predecessor

161

1
5

26 1510
7

11 1
8

10

James D. G. Dunn, The New Perspective on Paul, Manson Memorial Lecture1982.11.04.

Stendahl, Paul [1976]. 78-96 = Introspective

1963 1.131-32

Waters 23. Cf. Stendahl, Paul 17:

4
5

Waters 32-33. Waters 23-32; cf. Aune, Readings 205-6, 227; Westerholm 146-49.
Stendahl 7: [a] call rather than conversion7-22

Stendahl 12-13:
feelings of shortcomings

See Stendahl 14-15.

Stendahl 80:robust

14:
robust
Cf. Westerholm 146-47.

162

10

11

12

4
13

14

5
15

Stendahl 24-25:Rudolf Bultmann

the center of gravity

10 Stendahl 83, 84.

11 Stendahl 85:
28:
25
12 25

4:

12 Stendahl 29.
13 Stendahl 3:

2:
hammered out
full and genuine heirs
27:

grappling with

14 Stendahl 33:

15 Stendahl 23: justification rather than forgiveness23-40

,

spectacularly
23
14 7
24

163

16

17

18

19

1221

20

24

weakness rather than sin40-52

41
61047-48
experiential

7 13 10

40-41,
52
44

50-51

16 Stendahl 34:

a vindicating righteousness

17 Stendahl 34.
18 Stendahl 52, 67: love rather than integrity52-67

67

19 Stendahl 29-30:

20 Waters 60

1
2

4category

5
164

Waters, Justification 151-57, 158-85, 185-90.

Venema 143-307295-99
293-94

182

Waters 154-55. Cf. Venema 147-48:

we
must allow Pauls writings to have the first and last word; cf. 151
150

loc. cit.

Charlesworth, Methodology 51: his [Sanderss] quest to compare essential elements[Sanders,

Judaism] pp. 9-10and two wholes is often tantamount to the comparison of two essences and does
not allow for the fundamental diversities in Early Judaism. the essence of Paulinism
and the essence of JudaismSanders, op. cit. 9
52

see Sanders, Judaism viiix.

183

 1923

25

26

5.2.3 1923
19
20
21

22

23

17
1

19a22a

BarclayObservations 12

25 Winger, Christ 541-42 with n.15.

26 159
18
6

2.355-60158

14 15

2.266-78 21
603-9 609

4 1139-42

NowKJV, NKJV, RSV, NRSV, NAS,

NAU, NIV; so also R. Longenecker 252

1243

3a

8
8

915

17 9

11721

29

26 5 5

1624

John T. Fitzgerald, ABD 6.857a-b. Cf. J. D. Charles, DNTB 757b2.2.

2

Tolmie 200.

Ibid.1

2432 13 911 910 2021 2531 35

59 910 45 2224 25 7 3

19 2122 1 315 21 8 15
67
232532 9 89 1214 11 10 27812
12 2225 10 68 210 12
8 5
7
2Aune 90b

3polysyndetic lists
910
asyndetic lists
2931 20
amplified lists
5 37
Cf. Aune, Letters 194-95; J. D. Charles,
DNTB 1255a. 117 314 1318

1244

 1921a

5.2.3.1 1921
19
20
21 a

16

2510
16a

1QS 3.134.26

7.1
60

16

R. Longenecker 251-52
Two Ways
Matera 209
cf. Elliott 296.

Fee, Empowering 439, Freedom 207.

e.g., Ebeling 256cf.

NIVThe acts of the sinful nature, TEVWhat human nature does; LN 26.7; Wuest 157.
13bc 1199-200

Barrett, Paul 71; R. Longenecker 266; Ziesler 81
16
51 1227

Fee, Empowering 441, Freedom 208. Cf. Tolmie 201; Kwon 196.
1245

2023

22a

18a
8

16b
9

24
16

10

11

19 28
13

Boice 496.

Cousar1982135.

Betz 283b; Hansen1994173; Volf, Paul 152.

Burton 304; Guthrie 145. PatteFaith 70#4

19 25 13 15

evil attitudes

Tarazi 294.

Fee, Empowering 441. eschatological existence.

10 Fee, Empowering 440, Freedom 207.

11 which areKJV, NKJV. R. Longenecker 253, cf. 208
24ab
1 2 1064
1246

 1921a

21a

12

2223
13

14

15

16

17

12 2223
Wallace 249

13 Betz 283b; cf. Schneider 279. FeeEmpowering 441 n.254

random
R. Longenecker 254; Stanton 1164a; Tolmie 199.

14 Martyn 496-97.
15 Witherington 397-99.
ONeillSpirit 113, 118
1921
three distinct aphorisms: +

17

16 Cf. NEB, REB, NIV

Lightfoot 210b; Burton 304; Fee, Empowering 441 Freedom
208; McKnight 270; Fung1988253, 254
Pilch 25 #13
NJB
Tolmie 204-8.
17 KJV, NKJV
adultery 2122 19so R.
Longenecker 248 n.a, cf. 253
21 murders, 29
TextC 529; TextG 382
ChadwickPhilo 293
144

1247

#1

18

19

20

1 1518

13

18
10

21

16

18 3 3

31 2829 10

911 21

22

#2

23

27

19 7

24

24 19

18 25
29 2
19 BDAG 854as.v. , 1: unlawful sexual intercourse. Cf. NIV: sexual immorality.
20 18

Burton 305

W. Barclay 24

21 Cf. Whiteley, Theology 214; Godet, Corinthians 1.312; Bruce, Corinthians 65; Martin 17; H. Reisser,
DNTT 1.500-1.
22 Cf. F. Hauck / S. Schulz, TDNT 6.594.
23 R. Longenecker 254. 1428 8
24 BDAG 34bs.v. , 2: fig. a state of moral corruption . . . immorality, esp. of sexual sins.
1248

 1921a

25

3

21 3 5

26

#3 19

13

27

21

28

29

30

##13
24 9 35 5

25 127-28
26 Cf. F. Hauck, TDNT 3.428-29; Burton 305; W. Barclay 29-30; Newton, Purity 87, 103. Burton 305
Hume 90 Rogers
176a sexual perversion.
27 Cf. O. Bauernfeind, TDNT 1.490; W. Barclay 31; Burton 305-6; BDAG 141bs.v. : selfabandonment . . . Esp. of sexual excesses . . . KJV/NKJV, lasciviousness/lewdness

RSV, NRSV, licentiousness

NEB/TEV, indecency / indecent
actions
NIV, REB, debauchery
NAS, NAU, NJB, sensuality

Calvin 165 1247

Hume 90

28 22 3 2718 4

29 Bruce 247.
30 W. Barclay 33.
1249

910
5 1
11 314
20

21

5 30

6
22

23

5.2.3.2 2223
22

23 a

20 Russell, Argumentation 350. WilsonWilderness 552, 570

12

3
21 Kwon 146: . . . will certainly disqualify one for the future kingdom. Cf. Witherington 407

Jervis 147
Gunton, Walking 181. VolfPaul
153

22 Fee, Empowering 443, Freedom 208-9. 58 5

##1246
7

8 #9

23 C. G. Kruse, DPL 9621.2. 13 911 2021 2532 3

5 89 5812 310 13
2931 911
45 910

27813 11 2225
2510

1266

 2223a

1921

1618
19a

ButKJV, NKJV, RSV, NEB, REB, NAS, NAU, NIV, TEV.

Cf. NRSV/NJB: By contrast / On the other hand.

genitive of production/producer
Wallace 104, 106
cf. TEV: The Spirit produces love . . .

Cf., e.g., R. Longenecker, Paul 178-79; Bruce, Problems. 5 283; R. Hensel, DNTT 1.723.
66
7 6

131.225-26
2122
2.311-15

28
4.639-41
9 1122 17108151484

Cf. Ladd, Theology 518; F. Hauck, TDNT 3.615; Bruce, Christ 270: a harvest of ethical graces.
1KeesmaatPaul 207
4 1214 1315

20 1617

1516 1832
so J. Barclay
120-21
1620
69

so Hansen
[1994] 178

1518 1519

Beale, Background,
3
ibid. 8, 26 22
, , ,
1519 21

1267

11

10

#1

11

6 13

1519 L X X

16b
22 6

[]
6 35
49 8 16b
8 39 15
19
17

22
1519 1518 ibid. 15

16
22 15 24

25
22

Witherington 404
6

Marshall, Preparation 8; Guthrie 148. Cf. Pinnock 78; Ridderbos 207. 340
Fung1988262.

Morris 173; Witherington, Narrative 297; Witherington 408. Cf. McClelland 1017b. 157

8 collective noun
cattle, crowd,
audience fish

222a-b

Fee, Empowering 444 Freedom 216 n.36: collective singular;

the fruit in the bowl. McKnight 271
collective plural.

10 5

outcome, result result, outcome, productEngberg-Pedersen, Paul 159; Osborne,
Hermeneutical 105; BDAG 510a [s.v. 1 b]
1921
Wallace 249

11 Rogers 180a-b 72 116

1268

 2223a

12

13

9 3640

13

14 810

31 13
13

14

14

15

12

20
6 9

16

1214

LXX
16
15
457 510 8 7 467

9 3
2

1718
LXX e.g., Trench, Synonyms 43-44
[xii] 4.129
4
12 H. Schlier, TDNT 1.50: the measure and goal of freedom.
13 9 / 14 810

14 So Harris, Colossians 164-65, 172.

1213
## 584

15 47 8

5 2.49-53
58 13
35 19 39

34b39 770-98 795

1415cf. R. P. Martin, Corinthians 128-29

FeeEmpowering 446 with n.276

78 15 1 1 8 4
14 10 9

16 Cf. Fee, Empowering 447.

1269

14
2
15 4 5
1213
12

1
9

17

15
15
13
6
13

7824
78

910

18

4 24

19

30

1

1618

13 15
26 1921
##613

20

21

#2

1
17 Cf. Lincoln, Ephesians 259-60.

18
Mohrlang, Matthew 105-6. 104Cf.
Rea, Spirit 281: Agap love
19 : 4.650
20 Cf. Fee, Empowering 447.
21 R. Longenecker 261
20 59
be happy: BDAG 404a
[s.v.]
happiness pleasure
4
Gods Spirit makes us . . . happyCEV

1270

 2223a

17
2

22

13
3
23

25
34 8

1 4

24

11 1

25

420

12 2021 5

4
26

12

27

10 2 6 3

22 as you trust in himNIV. 4.545-46

23 25

161-62

24 332-33432
25 LXX 11 1 , 1
4

26
4.147-48
4.546
27 Cf. Hawthorne, Philippians 17-18;83-84Ziesler 89
an underlying courage and a sense of humour
ReaSpirit 282

1271