Sub: Water Resources Engineering

Topic : Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics

MODULE- 63A
Flow measurements in channels, tanks and pipes

Flow over a rectangular sharp-crested weir or notch:

= = . .L

If we consider velocity of approach limits becomes Q= to H+ *( )

, its head is

is to be considered. Then the

If we consider end contractions, for each end, reduction in crest length is 0.1H. Q= Q= . . .( ( ) ) [(

] if velocity of approach considered.

Empirical formula for rectangular weir: 1. Francis formula: Q=1.84L

=0.623 then

=1.84

2. Bazins formula: Q=m. JH ACADEMY

where m=0.405+ Page 1

Sub: Water Resources Engineering Flow over a triangular notch(V-notch)

Topic : Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics

= = =2 =2 =2 Q= (

or ) )

) (

( [ *

If we consider velocity of approach Q= [( )

Flow over a trapezoidal curve:

Cipolletti weir : it is a trapezoidal weir with side slopes PH:4V

JH ACADEMY

Page 2

Sub: Water Resources Engineering = =

Topic : Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics

Time required to empty a reservoir with rectangle weir

Time required emptying a reservoir with triangular notch

Broad crested weir:

Q=

The relation between h and H: The value of h will adjust to have maximum discharge for given H. =

[ *

] ( ) +

h=2H-2h

3h=2H

h=

Substituting Q=

JH ACADEMY

Page 3

Sub: Water Resources Engineering = 1.7

Topic : Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics

Submerged weir:

Q= Flow through orifice a) Circular

a=c/s area of orifice h=effective head

b) Flow through submerged oriface: JH ACADEMY Page 4

Sub: Water Resources Engineering

Topic : Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics

) ( c) Flow through partially submerged rectangular oriface

Flow through mouth piece:

Time of emptying from rectangular tank:

Flow through venturimeter:

) ( ) ( )

( *

) +

Piezometric head difference

JH ACADEMY

Page 5

Sub: Water Resources Engineering

Topic : Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics

( *(

) ) ( )+ (

( )

Pitot tube:

Orifice meter:

JH ACADEMY

Page 6