Ministry of Education of Republic of Moldova Technical University of Moldova Radioelectronics and Telecommunications Faculty

English Chair

REPORT

Theme: Mobile Phone

Made by:

Baranov Elena
group erified by : student of TLC 072

urcanu Viorica University lecturer

Chisinau !""#
Mobile phone

Mobile phones from various years A mobile phone or cell(ular) phone is an electronic telecommunications device. Most current mobile phones connect to a cellular network of base stations , which is in turn linked to the conventional telephone network. Cellular networks were first introduced in the early to mid 1980s . rior mobile phones operatin! without a cellular network, such as Mobile "elephone #ervice, date back to 19$%. &ntil the mid to late 1980s, most mobile phones were sufficiently lar!e that they were often permanently installed in vehicles as car phones. 'ith the advance of miniaturi(ation, currently the vast ma)ority of mobile phones are handheld. *n addition to the standard voice function of a telephone, a mobile phone can support many additional services such as #M# for te+t messa!in!, packet switchin! for access to the *nternet, and MM# for sendin! and receivin! photos and video. #ome of the world,s lar!est mobile phone manufacturers include Alcatel, Audiovo+, -u)itsu, .yocera, /0, Motorola, 12C, 1okia, anasonic 3Matsushita 2lectric4, hilips, #a!em, #amsun!, #anyo, #harp, 5en67#iemens, #. "eletech, #ony 2ricsson, 8opod , and "oshiba. "here are also specialist communication systems related to, but distinct from mobile phones, such as rofessional Mobile 9adio. Mobile phones are also distinct from cordless telephones, which !enerally operate only within a limited ran!e of a specific base station. "echnically, the term mobile phone includes such devices as satellite phones and pre7cellular mobile phones such as those operatin! via M"# which do not have a cellular network, whereas the related term cell(ular) phone does not. *n practice, the two terms are used nearly interchan!eably, with the preferred term varyin! by location.

Worldwide deployment

Mock-up of the "portable phone of the future", from a mid-60s too different from toda"%s mobile telephones&

ell !"stem ad#ertisement, sho$s a de#ice not

9adio phones have a lon! and varied history that stretches back to the 19:0s, with hand7held cellular radio devices bein! available since 198;. 8ue to their low establishment costs and rapid deployment, mobile phone networks have since spread rapidly throu!hout the world, outstrippin! the !rowth of fi+ed telephony. *n most of 2urope, wealthier parts of Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, /atin America, Australia, Canada, and the &nited #tates, mobile phones are now widely used, with the ma)ority of the adult, teena!e, and even child population ownin! one. At present *ndia and China have the lar!est !rowth rates of cellular subscribers in the world. "he availability of repaid or pay as you !o services, where the subscriber does not have to commit to a lon! term contract, has helped fuel this !rowth. "he mobile phone has become ubi<uitous because of the interoperability of mobile phones across different networks and countries. "his is due to the e<uipment manufacturers workin! to meet one of a few standards, particularly the 0#M standard which was desi!ned for 2urope7wide interoperability. All 2uropean nations and most Asian and African nations adopted it as their sole standard. *n other countries, such as the &nited #tates, =apan, and #outh .orea, le!islation does not re<uire any particular standard, and 0#M coe+ists with other standards, such as C8MA and i8en

Mobile phone culture or customs

*n less than twenty years, mobile phones have !one from bein! rare and e+pensive pieces of e<uipment used by businesses to a pervasive low7cost personal item. *n many countries, mobile phones now outnumber land7line telephones, with most adults and many children now ownin! mobile phones. *t is not uncommon for youn! adults to simply own a mobile phone instead of a land7line for their residence. *n some developin! countries, where there is little e+istin! fi+ed7line infrastructure, the mobile phone has become widespread. 'ith hi!h levels of mobile telephone penetration, a mobile culture has evolved, where the phone becomes a key social tool, and people rely on their mobile phone addressbook to keep in touch with their friends. Many people keep in touch usin! #M#, and a whole culture of >te+tin!> has developed from this. "he commercial market in #M#,s is !rowin!. Many phones even offer *nstant Messen!er services to increase the simplicity and ease of te+tin! on phones. Cellular phones in =apan, offerin! *nternet capabilities such as 1"" 8oCoMo,s i7 mode, offer te+t messa!in! via standard e7mail. "he mobile phone itself has also become a totemic and fashion ob)ect, with users decoratin!, customi(in!, and accessori(in! their mobile phones to reflect their personality. "his has emer!ed as its own industry. "he sale of commercial rin!tones e+ceeded ?@.: billion in @00$ .

The use of a mobile phone is prohibited in some rail carriages

Mobile phone eti<uette has become an important issue with mobiles rin!in! at funerals, weddin!s, movies, and plays. &sers often speak at increased volume which has led to places like bookshops, libraries, movie theatres, doctor,s offices, and houses of worship postin! si!ns prohibitin! the use of mobile phones, sometimes even installin! ille!al )ammin! e<uipment to prevent them. Many rail companies, particularly those providin! lon!7distance services, offer a ><uiet car> where phone use is prohibited, much like the desi!nated non7 smokin! cars in the past. Mobile phone use on aircraft is also prohibited, but because of concerns of possible interference with aircraft radio communications . Cameraphones and videophones that can capture video and take photo!raphs are increasin!ly bein! used to cover breakin! news. #tories like the /ondon 5ombin!s, the *ndian Acean "sunami and Burricane .atrina have been reported on by cameraphone users on news sites like 1ow ublic and photosharin! sites like -lickr. *n =apan, cellular phone companies provide immediate notification of earth<uakes and other natural disasters to their customers free of char!e. *n the event of an emer!ency, disaster response crews can locate trapped or in)ured people usin! the si!nals from their mobile phonesC an interactive menu accessible throu!h the phone,s *nternet browser notifies the company if the user is safe or in distress.

Mobile phone features

Mobile phones often have features beyond sendin! te+t messa!es and make voice callsD includin! *nternet browsin!, music 3M ;4 playback, personal or!ani(ers, e7mail, built7in cameras and camcorders, rin!tones, !ames, radio, ush7to7"alk 3 ""4, infrared and bluetooth connectivity, call re!isters, and ability to watch streamin! video or download video for later viewin!.

Technology
Mobile phones and the network they operate under vary si!nificantly from provider to provider, and even from nation to nation. Bowever, all of them communicate throu!h electroma!netic radio waves with a cell siteEbase station, the antennas of which are usually mounted on a tower, pole, or buildin!. "he phones have a low7power transceiver that transmits voice and data to the nearest cell sites, usually .: to 8 miles away. 'hen the cellular phone or data device is turned on, it re!isters with the mobile telephone e+chan!e, or switch, with its uni<ue identifiers, and will then be alerted by the mobile switch when there is an incomin! telephone call. "he handset constantly listens for the stron!est si!nal bein! received from the surroundin! base stations. As the user moves around the network, the mobile device will >handoff> to new cell sites. Cell sites have relatively low7power 3often only one or two 'atts4 radio transmitters which broadcast their presence and relay communications between the mobile handsets and the switch. "he switch in turn connects the call to another subscriber of the same wireless service provider or to the public telephone network, which includes the networks of other wireless carriers. "he dialo!ue between the handset and the cell site is a stream of di!ital data that includes di!iti(ed audio 3e+cept for the first !eneration analo! networks4. "he technolo!y that achieves this depends on the system which the mobile phone operator has adopted. #ome

technolo!ies include AM # for analo!, and "8MA, C8MA, 0#M, 0 9#, 2F78A, and &M"# for di!ital communications. 2ach network operator has a uni<ue radio fre<uency band.

Summary:
A mobile phone or cell(ular) phone is an electronic telecommunications device. Most current mobile phones connect to a cellular network of base stations , which is in turn linked to the conventional telephone network. Cellular networks were first introduced in the early to mid 1980s . rior mobile phones operatin! without a cellular network, such as Mobile "elephone #ervice, date back to 19$%. &ntil the mid to late 1980s, most mobile phones were sufficiently lar!e that they were often permanently installed in vehicles as car phones. 'ith the advance of miniaturi(ation, currently the vast ma)ority of mobile phones are handheld. *n addition to the standard voice function of a telephone, a mobile phone can support many additional services such as #M# for te+t messa!in!, packet switchin! for access to the *nternet, and MM# for sendin! and receivin! photos and video. *n less than twenty years, mobile phones have !one from bein! rare and e+pensive pieces of e<uipment used by businesses to a pervasive low7cost personal item. *n many countries, mobile phones now outnumber land7line telephones, with most adults and many children now ownin! mobile phones. *t is not uncommon for youn! adults to simply own a mobile phone instead of a land7line for their residence. *n some developin! countries, where there is little e+istin! fi+ed7line infrastructure, the mobile phone has become widespread. Mobile phones often have features beyond sendin! te+t messa!es and make voice callsD includin! *nternet browsin!, music 3M ;4 playback, personal or!ani(ers, e7mail, built7in cameras and camcorders, rin!tones, !ames, radio, ush7to7"alk 3 ""4, infrared and bluetooth connectivity, call re!isters, and ability to watch streamin! video or download video for later viewin!.

Dictionary:
Network - reea Subscriber abonat,contractant Aircraft fore aeriene,avion Crew echip de muncitori Feature trsatur distinctiv,caracterizare rowse a rsfoi,a frunzri !"a#back redare $r%anizer or%anizator &in%tone sonerie ui"t-in incorporat 'ounted inc"ecat,montat pe un suport Ce"" - ce"u"

Bibliography:
"echer, Frank"in () *Advanced 'obi"e !hone Service)* +,,, -ransactions on .ehic"e Communications, .o") .--/0, No) /, 'a#, 1023 ) 4 usiness 5eek/6*Fewer bus# si%na"s for mobi"e phones* +ndustria" ,dition, Au%ust 7, 1072 Number /89:; :3 ) usiness 5eek, usiness

4 usiness 5eek<6*=apan>s id to out-desi%n the ?nited States* 5eek, +ndustria" ,dition, Apri" 1<, Number /2:<; 1/< )

@ibson, Stephen 5), Ce""u"ar 'obi"e &adiote"ephones) ,n%"ewood C"iff; !rentice (a"", A1027B; 191, Cuotin% information from the compan# !ersona" Communications -echno"o%#) Dou can view the tab"e + cite from this book b# c"ickin% here for the "ow reso"ution version first A28EB, and, if #ou are sti"" interested, tr# #our "uck with the ori%ina" -+FF ima%e fi"e, an astoundin% /)/ me%ab#tesF 4=-,C6 Forrest, Stephen &) Aed)B) =-,C !ane" &eport on $ptoe"ectronics in =apan and the ?nited States) a"timore, 'G; =apanese -echno"o%# ,va"uation Center, Ho#o"a Co""e%e, Februar# 100:) N-+S ! 0:-18//3/) /08 to /07

Lin s !sed:
http;IIwww)w<c)or%I-&I1000I&,C-htm"931-10001//9I"oose)dtd http;IIen)wikipedia)or%IwikiI'obi"eJphone http;IIwww)private"ine)comI!CSIhistor#2A)htm http;IIinventors)about)comI"ibrar#Iweek"#Iaa373200)htm