Background: After Indian independence until the end of the cold war, the relationship between the two

nations has often been thorny. Dwight Eisenhower was the first U.S. resident to !isit India in "#$#. During %ohn &. 'ennedy(s period as resident, he saw India as a strategic partner against the rise of co))unist *hina.During the *old +ar, the U.S. asked for akistan(s help because India was seen to lean towards the So!iet Union. ,he "#-$ and "#." Indo/ akistani wars did not help their relations. After the dissolution of the So!iet Union, India began to re!iew its foreign policy in a non/polar world following which, it took steps to de!elop closer ties with the European Union and the United States. ,oday, India and the U.S. share an e0tensi!e cultural, strategic, )ilitary and econo)ic relationship. Since 1223, +ashington and 4ew Delhi ha!e been pursuing a 5strategic partnership6 based on shared !alues and apparently con!ergent geopolitical interests. 4u)erous econo)ic, security, and global initiati!es, are underway. During the tenure of the *linton and Bush ad)inistration, relations between India and the United States blosso)ed pri)arily o!er co))on concerns regarding growing Isla)ic e0tre)is), energy security and cli)ate change. +hile in 4ew Delhi,7illary *linton set forth fi!e key 5pillars6 of the U.S./India engage)ent: 8"9 strategic cooperation: 819 energy and cli)ate change: 8;9 econo)ics, trade, and agriculture: 839 education and de!elop)ent: and 8$9 science technology and inno!ation. olitical: A "Strategic Dialogue" was established in July 2009 during the !isit of US Secretary of State 7illary *linton to India with the ob<ecti!e of strengthening bilateral cooperation across di!erse sectors. resident =ba)a>s !isit to India fro) -/# 4o!e)ber 12"2, i)parted further )o)entu) to bilateral cooperation and helped establish a long/ter) fra)ework for India/US global strategic partnership. Defence: Also in 122$, the United States and India signed a ten-year defense framework agreement to e !anding bilateral security coo!eration" ,he two countries now engage in nu)erous and unprecedented co)bined )ilitary e0ercises, and )a<or U.S. ar)s sales to India are underway. ,he ?3." billion contract for "2 */". #lobemaster-III giant strategic airlift aircraft was cleared by defence @in.In @arch 122#, the =ba)a ad)inistration cleared the US?1." billion sale of eight /A oseidons to India

,he $alabar series of <oint na!al e0ercises are held off the coast of =kinawa http:BBwww.india/defence.co)Breports/12-Econo)y: India/US total )erchandise trade was US ? 3A..$ billion in 12"2. ,he two way ser!ices trade was US ? ;A billion in 122A. US is the third largest source of foreign direct in%estments into India .In recent years, growing Indian in!est)ents into the US, esti)ated by independent studies to be around US? 1-.$ billion between 1223/122#, has been a no!el feature of bilateral ties. &inancial and Econo)ic artnership to strengthen bilateral engage)ent on )acroecono)ic, financial, and in!est)ent/related issues launched in April ,12"2 ,he Agree)ent on &ra)ework for *ooperation on ,rade and In!est)ent was signed during the !isit of @inister for *o))erce C Industry, @r. Anand Shar)a to USA in @arch 12"2. 4uclear Deal: In Dece)ber 122-, *ongress passed the historic 7enry %. 7yde United States/India eaceful Ato)ic *ooperation Act, which allows direct ci!ilian nuclear co))erce with India . In %uly 122., negotiations on the bilateral agree)ent for peaceful nuclear cooperation, also known as the D"1; agree)entD were co)pleted. *i!il 4uke Eiability Bill: ,he U.S, thinks Section ".8b9 of the Indian law, which e0pands the scope of the operator(s right to co)pensation fro) nuclear suppliers in case of an accident due to faulty eFuip)ent, !iolates the *S*. US wants International Ato)ic Energy Agency to ensure that the Indian nuclear liability law 5fully confor)s6 with the international *on!ention on Supple)entary *o)pensation 8*S*9 for 4uclear Da)age. *ounter ,erroris) and security: Stability in South Asia linked to tackling of terroris) A new India-US &ounter-'errorism &oo!eration Initiati%e was signed in 12"2 to e0pand collaboration on counter/terroris), infor)ation sharing and capacity building. A new 7o)eland Security Dialogue was also announced during resident =ba)a>s !isit to India in 4o!e)ber 12"2 to further deepen operational cooperation, counter/ terroris) technology transfers and capacity building

SC,: A ?;2 )illion Science C ,echnology Endow)ent for <ointly pro)oting science C technology research, de!elop)ent and inno!ation was established in %uly 122#. *ollaboration between the @inistry of Earth Sciences and 4=AA on ,ropical *yclone Gesearch: ,suna)iScience / detection, analysis, )odeling C forecasting: and I4SA, ;D satellite data applications. In 4o!e)ber 12"2, a H@onsoon Desk> has been established in 4=AA for enhancing )onsoon forecasting. ,his will also help in building India>s capacity in de!eloping and using a coupled ocean/at)osphere )odeling syste) for strengthening the 54ational @onsoon @ission6. *lean Energy and *li)ate *hange Initiati!e:An Agree)ent for *ooperation on %oint *lean Energy Gesearch and De!elop)ent *enter 8%*EGD*9 was signed between India and US in 4o!e)ber 12"2. Depart)ent of Ato)ic Energy and US Depart)ent of Energy signed an I)ple)enting Agree)ent on HDisco!ery Science> that pro!ides the fra)ework for cooperation in accelerator and particle detector research and de!elop)ent %oint +orking Iroup on *i!il Space *ooperation:@a<or areas include: 8i9 e0change of scientists: 8ii9 =*@1,I4SA,;D collaboration: 8iii9 future )ission definition workshops: 8i!9 nanosatellites: 8!9 carbon Becosyste) )onitoring and )odelling: 8!i9 feasibility of collaboration in radio occultation: 8!ii9 *SEA: 8!iii9 international space station: 8i09 global na!igation satellite syste)s: 809 for)ation flying: 80i9 space e0ploration cooperation: 80ii9 space debris )ediation. 7ealth: In %uly 122#, a (7ealth Dialogue( was established between the two countries. A Ilobal Disease Detection / India *entre has been established !ide a @oU between US *enters for Disease *ontrol C re!ention and 4ational *enter for Disease *ontrol. Education: India/US Education Dialogue was announced by the two Io!ern)ents in %uly 122# 5Singh/=ba)a 1"st *entury 'nowledge Initiati!e6 in 4o!e)ber 122# with funding of US? $ )illion fro) both sides to increase uni!ersity linkages and <unior faculty de!elop)ent e0changes between US and Indian uni!ersities. India and the US ha!e signed a new bilateral &ulbright Agree)ent.

,he &irst India/US 7igher Education Su))it is proposed to be held in +ashington D.*. in =ctober 12"". =ba)a(s Jisit: Support for India:s U4S* bid:7owe!er, the United States will be closely watching India>s record in the ne0t two years when India takes its seat at the U4 Security *ouncil in the non/per)anent category. ,herefore, US support should not be taken for granted. DGD=, ISG= and BDE were re)o!ed fro) US entities list.In the last few years few licenses for e0port of hi/tech ite)s to India had been re<ected by US authorities. Support for India(s full )e)bership in 3 )ultilateral e0port control regi)es.Deft diplo)acy will be reFuired to )ake this happen, but US support will count. Deals worth ?"2b @=U on shale gas technology *ategorically stated 'ash)ir is a bilateral issue and US will not i)pose a solution Endorsed India(s role in Af as a partner in reconstruction and de!elop)ent.Still =n Afghanistan, India and the United States re)ain apart. Diaspora: As per the 12"2 census figures of the United States, the Indian A)erican co))unity has grown to 1.A3 )illion and is the second largest Asian co))unity in the country. 4otable contributions in acade)ic,)edicine, ad)inistration, entertain)ent,business/e0ecuti!es, entrepreneuship , )edia, literature,etc http:BBen.wikipedia.orgBwikiBEistKofKIndianKA)ericans ,he influence of a large Indian/A)erican co))unity is reflected in *ongress>s largest country/specific caucus. @ore than "22,222 Indian students are attending A)erican uni!ersities.

+hy US needs IndiaL India, the region>s do)inant actor with )ore than one billion citiMens, is often characteriMed as a nascent great power and 5indispensible partner6 of the United States,one that )any analysts !iew as a potential counterweight to *hina>s growing clout.

,horns: protectionist econo)ic policies of US that could ad!ersely affect bilateral co))erce in goods and ser!ices.Border security bill will hiked !isa fees:=ba)as anti/ outsourcing !iews: U.S. e)phasis on nonproliferation and ar)s control would lead to pressure on India <oin such )ultilateral initiati!es as the *o)prehensi!e ,est Ban ,reaty and the &issile @aterial *utoff ,reaty deepening relations with India>s )ain ri!al, akistan, in ways that could be har)ful to Indian security and perhaps lead to a )ore inter!entionist approach to the 'ash)ir proble):unaccoutable )ilitary aid Differences o!er Iran and @yan)ar India(s interests in Af:=n Afghanistan, the <oint state)ent8no!, 12"29 has e0pressed the co))it)ent of the two countries to intensify consultation, cooperation and coordination to ensure a stable Afghanistan Ietting too close will ha!e an i)pact on India>s relationship with key countries like Gussia and *hina with which India is pursuing a )ultipolar world paradig) and in which the United States is seen as an unstated unilateralist hege)on. Ietting too close to the United States )ay also constrain India>s strategic autono)y. So long as akistan continues to get US ar)s which can be used against India, there will always be doubts abut the strategic content of the partnership. India will re)ain wary of US/*hina relations and their i)pact on India>s security interests. India(s &DI li)its in retails, financial and insurance sectors.