Numerical Simulation of Local

Scour with Free Surface and

Automatic Mesh Deformation
Xiaofeng Liu
Marcelo H. Garca
Sponsor:
Coastal Geoscience Program of
U.S. ONR
May 22, 2006 Omaha, NB
Outline
Motivations
Model Components
Model Schemes
Model Simulation
Discussions
Motivations
Local Scour Problem
Interfaces: water-air and
water-sediment
Even worse: interfaces
between object and air,
water, sediment
Air
Water
Sediment
Object
Bed
Mesh Deformation
Interface Tracking
Lagrangian: Mesh deformation,
Dynamic mesh
Eulerian: VOF, Level Set etc.
Motivations
Free water surface: water-air interface (Eulerian approach)
Limitation of rigid lid approximation
Only valid for small water surface change in deep water
VOF method is used in current model to capture the free surface
Good for large water surface change, e.g. plunging jet scour, wave scour
But with high computational cost
http://personalpages.manchester
.ac.uk/staff/david.d.apsley
http://www.waterpower.ca
Motivations
Bed evolution: water-sediment interface (Lagrangian approach)
Eulerian approach: implicit bed surface, good for complicated scour case
Lagrangian approach: traditional way, easy to calculate shear stress, large
deformation need attention and may fail the computation
Choice: Lagrangian (moving mesh)
0
0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0
1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.8 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8
0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 1
Bed
Lagrangian
Eulerian
Model Components
Flow Field Solver
3D NS equations with k-epsilon turbulence model
VOF method for the free water surface
Sediment Transport Solver
Both suspended load and bed load
Exner equations for the bed change
Mesh Deformation Solver
Mesh deformation equations: spring analogy, Laplacian operator
Laplacian smoothing operator is used here
( )
0 V V = v
v is the grid displacement vector, is the diffusion coefficient
Coupling between flow domain and bed
Flow domain: 3D flow field and 3D mesh
Bed domain: 2D mesh since Exner equation is 2D
1
1
h
t n
c
= V
c
q
Mapping between
two domains
Model Schemes
Numerical code: open source CFD library OpenFOAM
Object oriented, C++, Parallel
Finite volume method
ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian)
Simplify the solving of a PDE
solve
(
fvm::ddt(V) fvm::laplacian(, V) ==0
)
( )
0
t

c
V V =
c
V
V
Simulation flow chart
Model Simulation
Scour around vertical pile caused by waves (Sumer and
Fredse, 2001, Waterway, Port, Coastal and ocean
Engineering)
Parameters: T=3.5s, wave height= 6.4cm, wave
length=6.79m, KC=0.61, d50=0.2mm,
*
0.07
c
t =
Wave maker: wave
boundary condition (Mayer
et al, 1998, IJNMF)
( ) ( ) ( )
sin
r
f t y t e u
(
= +

U U
Wave absorber: damping
zone (high viscosity)
Experiment
Numerical
Lagrangian for bed: Mesh Deformation or
Dynamic Mesh
Mesh deformation:
no topological change
only good for not-so-large scour hole
mesh quality control by changing
Dynamic mesh:
change topology
more risky
could handle large deformation
Discussions
Eulerian for bed (New direction?)
Implicit surface to capture bed movement
Level set or VOS (volume of sediment)
Good for large deformation and complicated scour pattern
Problem: shear stress calculation, sediment transport rate formula,
accuracy
Flow3D

animation
Thank you!