Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

National Draft Affirmative 1AC National Draft Affirmative................................................................................................................................1 Draft 1AC...........................................................................................................................................................3 Draft 1AC...........................................................................................................................................................4 Draft 1AC...........................................................................................................................................................5 Draft 1AC...........................................................................................................................................................6 Draft 1AC...........................................................................................................................................................7 Draft 1AC...........................................................................................................................................................8 Draft 1AC...........................................................................................................................................................9 Draft 1AC.........................................................................................................................................................10 Draft 1AC.........................................................................................................................................................11 Draft 1AC.........................................................................................................................................................12 Draft 1AC.........................................................................................................................................................13 Draft 1AC.........................................................................................................................................................14 Draft 1AC.........................................................................................................................................................15 Draft 1AC.........................................................................................................................................................17 General Rea ine!!"#e$emon% A v.................................................................................................................18 All &ol'nteer (ail! ) *to+-,o!!"-a.k oor Draftin$.......................................................................................18 Rea ine!! ,o/ No/ ) 2AC Car ....................................................................................................................19 Rea ine!! ,o/ No/ ) 0enta$on *t' ie!.........................................................................................................20 Rea ine!! ,o/ No/ - General........................................................................................................................21 Rea ine!! ,o/ No/ ) General De+lo%ment!.................................................................................................22 Rea ine!! ,o/ No/ ) Com1at -ri$a e! 23t..................................................................................................23 Rea ine!! ,o/ No/ ) Com1at -ri$a e! 23t..................................................................................................24 Rea ine!! ,o/ No/ ) Re.r'itin$ 23t.............................................................................................................25 Rea ine!! ,o/ No/ ) Retention 23t..............................................................................................................26 Rea ine!! ,o/ No/ ) 4+ 5em+o 23t............................................................................................................27 A"5 6ilitar% 4ffi.er *tatement!......................................................................................................................28 A"5 7ra8 i! 5em+orar%.....................................................................................................................................29 A"5 Arm% (i3in$ 7t No/.................................................................................................................................30 Draft *olve! Rea ine!!....................................................................................................................................31 Draft 9e% to #e$emon%...................................................................................................................................32 Draft 9e% to 0atrioti!m....................................................................................................................................33 Draft *olve! :nne.e!!ar% ;ar!.......................................................................................................................34 Rea ine!! 9e% to #e$emon%...........................................................................................................................35 Rea ine!! 9e% to Conventional Deterren.e....................................................................................................36 Conventional Deterren.e Goo ........................................................................................................................37 A"5 R6A *olve!.............................................................................................................................................38 A"5 *+en in$"Co!t 7n.rea!e!...........................................................................................................................39 A"5 Draftee! Are ,o/ *kill ) #'rt Rea ine!!................................................................................................40 A"5 6ilitar% Doe!n<t ;ant Draftee!...............................................................................................................41 A"5 6'ltilateral 4+eration! *olve...................................................................................................................42 A"5 Draft 5ake! 5oo ,on$..............................................................................................................................43 *olven.% 6e.=ani!m - ,otter%........................................................................................................................44 A.tor 6e.=ani!m - Con$re!!...........................................................................................................................45 7ra8 0'll-4't -a A v.....................................................................................................................................46 Draft *olve! 7ra8 0'llo't ) 2AC 23t...............................................................................................................46 1

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A"5 Draftee! Are ,o/ *kill ) 7ra8 *+e.ifi.....................................................................................................47 0'llo't >? 6elt o/n.......................................................................................................................................48 :* 9e% to 7ra8 *ta1ilit%...................................................................................................................................49 0'llo't 9ill! #e$emon%...................................................................................................................................50 2AC 5'rn *la%er ) 6'!t Rea .........................................................................................................................51 A"5 7ra8 Can Govern 7t!elf..............................................................................................................................52 A"5 0'llo't 7nevita1le .....................................................................................................................................53 Nort= 9orea A v..............................................................................................................................................54 Nort= 9orea *.enario 23t................................................................................................................................54 5errori!m A v."A -4n..................................................................................................................................55 Draft *olve! 5errori!m....................................................................................................................................55 Ra.i!m A v......................................................................................................................................................56 0overt% Draft No/...........................................................................................................................................56 Draft -reak! Do/n *o.ial Divi e...................................................................................................................57 Draft *olve! *o.ial Divi e...............................................................................................................................58 A"5 4t=er 0'1li. *ervi.e *olve!.....................................................................................................................59 A"5 Draft &iolate! Ri$=t! ) *laver% Analo$%.................................................................................................60 A"5 Draft &iolate! Ri$=t!................................................................................................................................61 7ran 2AC A -4n............................................................................................................................................62 7ran 2AC A -4n............................................................................................................................................63 Civil-6ilitar% Relation! A v."A -4n............................................................................................................64 C6R 2AC A -4n..........................................................................................................................................64 C6R ,o/ No/"-rink.....................................................................................................................................65 Draft 9e% to Re!tore C6R..............................................................................................................................66 C6R 9e% to *to+ ;ar!...................................................................................................................................67 C6R 6o ele ) 7m+a.t > Glo1al...................................................................................................................68 C6R 9e% to Rea ine!!....................................................................................................................................69 Demo.ra.% A -4n.........................................................................................................................................70 Civi. 2n$a$ement 9e%....................................................................................................................................71 2AC *t'ff.........................................................................................................................................................72 A"5 6er.enarie! C0........................................................................................................................................72 A"5 7n.rea!e &ol'nteer (or.e C0....................................................................................................................73 A"5 Re!erve Ca+a.it% C0................................................................................................................................74 A"5 :N 7n C=ar$e of 7ra8 C0..........................................................................................................................75 A"5 2.onom% DA!..........................................................................................................................................76 A"5 Ca+itali!m 9.............................................................................................................................................77 A"5 0!%.=oanal%!i! 9!....................................................................................................................................78 A"5 6ilitari!m 9.............................................................................................................................................79 A"5 6ilitari!m.................................................................................................................................................80 A"5 -'!= -a DA............................................................................................................................................81 G40 *'++ort!..................................................................................................................................................82 Dem! *'++ort...................................................................................................................................................83 -'!= 0'!= No/................................................................................................................................................84

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
Observation One: Inherency Draft rumors are false no draft is planned MSN C@ 10"4"!""# A=tt+B""///.m!n1..m!n..om"i "6134043"C
;e ne! a%@ &i.e 0re!i ent Di.k C=ene% !tron$l% enie it. 5=e notion t=at !ome1o %D! +e lin$ o't t=ere t=at t=ere i! a !e.ret +lan to rein!tit'te t=e raft E itD! =o$/a!=@ not tr'e@F C=ene% !ai on t=e .am+ai$n trail. -'t .olle$e-a$e !t' ent! an t=eir +arent! a.ro!! t=e .o'ntr% are 1ein$ 1om1ar e /it= t=e raft /arnin$. 7nternet +o!tin$! .laim t=e *ele.tive *ervi.e *%!tem =a! 1een $iven G28 million to +re+are for a raft@ an i! !e.retl% =irin$ 10@000 +eo+le for raft 1oar ! nation/i e. 0enta$on offi.ial! .all it 1'nk. 5=e e-mail! al!o =i$=li$=t t/o 1ill! to rein!tate t=e raft t=at are +en in$ in t=e #o'!e an *enate . -'t 1ot= =ave almo!t no +oliti.al !'++ort an 1ot= are !+on!ore 1% Demo.rat!.

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
Observation !: Military $eadiness Initially Note% the all&volunteer force fails our Army is stretched too thin in Ira' and at the brea(in) point 0=illi+ Carter% attorne% an former Arm% .a+tain@ /riter for 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% and 0a'l *lastris i! t=e e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@ March !""+ AH5=e Ca!e for t=e DraftI
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2005"0503..arter.=tmlJ1%lineC None of t=e!e fi$'re! !eem!@ at fir!t $lan.e@ 'na.=ieva1le for a :.*. militar% .om+ri!e of 1.4 million a.tive- 't% troo+!@ 870@900 re!ervi!t!@ an 110@000 in ivi 'al rea % re!ervi!t! A!ol ier! /=o =ave !erve t=eir to'r of 't% an are not trainin$ /it= t=e re!erve! 1't /=o .an 1% !tat'te !till 1e .alle '+ for !ervi.eC. An %et an 7ra8 e+lo%ment t=at =a! never e3.ee e 153@000 $ro'n +er!onnel =a! +'t !o m'.= !tre!! on t=e militar% t=at a !enior Arm% Re!erve offi.ial =a! .an i l% !tate t=at .'rrent rotation +oli.ie! /ill lea to a Hbro(en force.I #o/ .an t=at 1eK 5o an!/er t=at 8'e!tion@ 1e$in 1% e '.tin$ virt'all% t=e entire Nav% an Air (or.e from t=e =ea .o'ntL t=e 7ra8 o..'+ation =a! 1een almo!t e3.l'!ivel% a $ro'n $ame@ =en.e an Arm% an 6arine o+eration. Ne3t@ .on!i er t=at t=e :nite *tate! !en ! into .om1at not in ivi 'al !ol ier! 1't 'nit!@ .om+lete /it= 'nit e8'i+ment !et!@ 'nit lea er!@ an an or$aniMational !tr'.t're t=at fa.ilitate! .omman @ .ontrol@ an lo$i!ti.al !'++ort. *o in!tea of .o'ntin$ in ivi 'al !ol ier!Ea meanin$le!! e3er.i!eEone m'!t look at =o/ man% 'nit! t=e :nite *tate! .o'l t=eoreti.all% +'t on t=e $ro'n if it /ante to mo1iliMe ever% a.tive an re!erve !ol ier availa1le. An if %o' o t=at@ %o' .ome to a fi$'re of ro'$=l% 600@000 troo+!. 5=atD! t=e total n'm1er of e+lo%a1le !ol ier! t=at t=e :nite *tate! .o'l t=eoreti.all% =ave .alle '+on to man t=e initial inva!ion. 7n +ra.ti.e@ =o/ever@ t=e ,enta)on -ould never have sent that many troops to Ira'% for )ood reasons: It -ould have left the defense cupboard bare and served as an open invitation to America.s enemies to ma(e trouble else-here in the -orld . Massin) a /""%""" force -ould have meant not only pullin) nearly all front&line troops out of 0orea% but also mobili1in) the poorly&resourced divisions of the National *uard% t=e t=ir -!trin$ .re/ t=at t=e +re!i ent .an .all on /=en t=e fir!t !trin$ Aa.tive troo+!C an t=e !e.on !trin$ At=e G'ar D! elite Hen=an.e I re!erve 1ri$a e!C are e+lete . Given t=e nee to =ol troo+! in re!erve for eterren.e +'r+o!e!@ t=e 0enta$on =a +er=a+! 400@000 troo+! availa1le for t=e inva!ion. Net t=at n'm1er in.l' e! man% troo+! in !+e.ialiMe fiel ! t=at are of little or no '!e in e!ert /arfare or +ea.ekee+in$E off-loa in$ e8'i+ment in !ea +ort!@ for in!tan.e. *'.= troo+! .o'l =ave 1een re!=a+e into +rovi!ional infantr% 'nit!@ a! t=e Arm% =a! one /it= artiller% an air- efen!e formation!@ 1't t=at /o'l Dve taken time. 5=e n'm1er of troo+! /it= 'nit! t=at /o'l a.t'all% =ave 1een of '!e in 7ra8 /a! +ro1a1l% .lo!er to t=e fi$'re! t=at Gen. *=in!eki an *e.retar% ;=ite =ave !'$$e!te B 250@000 to 300@000Ein ot=er /or !@ t=e lo/er en of /=at RAND e!timate /o'l 1e re8'ire for !'..e!!. -'t even t=at n'm1er i! e.e+tive. 7t i! t=e !iMe of t=e for.e t=at .o'l =ave 1een initiall% !ent into 7ra8@ not t=e n'm1er t=at .o'l =ave reali!ti.all% 1een !'!taine t=ere. -e.a'!e !o man% !ol ier! in t=e all-vol'nteer militar% are marrie /it= familie! A.om+are to .on!.ri+t armie!C@ an 1e.a'!e !ol ier! m'!t +erio i.all% 1e in '.e or +er!'a e to vol'ntaril% reenli!t@ t=e 0enta$on m'!t rotate it! for.e! in an o't of t=eater ever% 12 mont=! or !o in or er to maintain morale an reenli!tment. 5='!@ O'!t a! a .ivilian +oli.e e+artment m'!t =ire t=ree to fo'r +oli.e offi.er! for ever% one .o+ on t=e 1eat@ !o too m'!t the 23S3 military have three to four soldiers for every one servin) in Ira'3 5=e 0enta$on@ t=en@ .o'l =ave reali!ti.all% ke+t t=o!e initial 250@000 to 300@000 troo+! in +la.e onl% for a limite timeE+er=a+! a %ear@ .ertainl% not more t=an t/o. 5=at mi$=t =ave 1een eno'$= time to +a.if% t=e .o'ntr%@ e!+e.iall% if =i$=er troo+ n'm1er! at t=e o't!et /o'l =ave 8'elle t=e earl% lootin$ an i!or er. 5=en a$ain@ a %ear or t/o mi$=t not =ave 1een !'ffi.ient time to 1eat 1a.k an in!'r$en.% /=i.=@ /e no/ kno/@ /a! to !ome e3tent +lanne in a van.e of t=e inva!ion. 7n t=at .a!e@ (eepin) !+"%""" to 4""%""" troops in Ira' for t-o years or lon)er -ould have ris(ed so lo-erin) morale and reenlistment rates as to destroy the all&volunteer force. 7t /o'l =ave 1een like +lo/in$ a fiel /it= a (errariL it .o'l =ave 1een one@ 1't onl% on.e. 5akin$ t=e nee for rotation! into a..o'nt@ t=en@ t=e :.*. militar% .an .omforta1l% =an le !omet=in$ like 80@000 troo+! in 7ra8 at an% one time. 5=e a.t'al n'm1er on t=e $ro'n =a! avera$e 133@286 for t=e la!t t/o %ear!@ an more t=an 150@000 !ol ier! are in 7ra8 no/. 5=atD! a /oef'll% in!'ffi.ient n'm1er for t=e ta!k. Net it is pushin) the outside limits of -hat the current force structure can handle. 7t =a! meant im+o!in$ H!to+-lo!!I emer$en.% mea!'re! to +revent !ol ier! from e3itin$ t=e !ervi.e. 7t =a! re8'ire e+lo%in$ nearl% ever% a.tive- 't% 1ri$a e@ in.l' in$ one +revio'!l% .ommitte el!e/=ere in 9orea. 7t =a! meant rai in$ t=e !ee .orn of militar% rea ine!! 1% e+lo%in$ t=e Arm%D! elite Ho++o!in$ for.eI trainin$ 'nit!E!ea!one !ol ier! /=o +la% t=e enem% in mo.k e3er.i!e! to 1'il t=e !kill! of $reener troo+! 1efore t=e% are !ent into 1attle. 7t =a! ne.e!!itate .allin$ '+ all 15 of t=e National G'ar D! en=an.e rea ine!! 1ri$a e!@ a! /ell a! +oorl%-re!o'r.e National G'ar ivi!ion! t=at =ave not 1een mo1iliMe en ma!!e !in.e t=e 9orean ;ar. 7t =a! le t=e Arm% Re!erve C=ief ,t. Gen. Pame! 5elmly to -rite in a recent memo that the $eserve -ill be unable to meet its commitments -ithout substantial use of the Army.s involuntary mobili1ation authorities under federal la-. A! of De.. 15@ 2004@ t=e Arm% Re!erve retaine O'!t 37@515 e+lo%a1le !ol ier! o't of a total of 200@366E almo!t no .'!=ion at all. An in t=e final t/o mont=! of la!t %ear@ t=e Re!erve! mi!!e t=eir enli!tment tar$et! la!t %ear 1% 30 +er.ent Ea !i$n of even $reater +ro1lem! to .ome.

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
$ecruitin) and retention can6t possibly (eep up there aren6t enou)h troops 7ashin)ton ,ost% 3"19"!""+ 8H5/o Near! ,ater@ 7ra8 ;ar Drain! 6ilitar%I =tt+B""///./a!=in$ton+o!t..om"/+%n"arti.le!"A48306-20056ar18.=tmlC 5=e a.tive- 't% Arm% an 6arine Cor+!@ an five of !i3 re!erve .om+onent! of t=e militar%@ all faile to meet at lea!t !ome re.r'itin$ $oal! in t=e fir!t 8'arter of fi!.al 2005@ a..or in$ to Defen!e De+artment !tati!ti.!. 5=e a.tive- 't% !=ortfall! .ame ami ri!in$ .on.ern amon$ Arm% an 6arine offi.ial! t=at t=eir !ervi.e! ri!k mi!!in$ ann'al re.r'itin$ 8'ota! for t=e fir!t time t=i! e.a e. *=elle%@ for e3am+le@ =a! !i$ne '+ fo'r +eo+le in nearl% !i3 mont=!@ e!+ite /orkin$ 16-=o'r a%!. A!ke /=% re.r'itin$ i! !o iffi.'lt@ =e =a! a 8'i.k re+l%B F5=e /ar.F 7n.rea!in$l%@ !'rve%! !=o/ t=at t=e main rea!on %o'n$ Ameri.an a 'lt! avoi militar% !ervi.e i! t=at t=e% -- an to a $reater e$ree t=eir +arent! -- fear t=at enli!tin$ .o'l mean a /ar-Mone e+lo%ment an eat= or inO'r%. 4ne !'rve% !=o/e !'.= fear! nearl% o'1lin$ amon$ re!+on ent! from 2000 to 2004. 7n ee @ to a%D! re.r'itin$ +ro1lem! refle.t a /i e!+rea .on.ern atin$ from t=e .on.e+tion of t=e all-vol'nteer for.e in 1973 -- t=at a militar% .om+o!e /=oll% of vol'nteer! -ould not supply ade'uate troops for a len)thy )round -ar3 5=e militar% i! !eekin$ to re1'il for.e!@ a in$ tem+oraril% 30@000 Arm% !ol ier! an 5@000 6arine!. -'t t=e /ar i!nDt t=e onl% o1!ta.le. Ri!in$ .olle$e atten an.e an an e3+an in$ Oo1 market are $ivin$ =i$= !.=ool $ra 'ate! more .=oi.e!. F7tD! time! like t=i! /=en 'nem+lo%ment i! rea.=in$ 5 +er.ent t=at i! a .riti.al levelF for 'n er.'ttin$ re.r'itment@ !ai C'rti! ,. Gilro%@ ire.tor of a..e!!ion +oli.% for t=e Defen!e De+artment.

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
7e Isolate # impact scenarios: Scenario One is 5e)emony $eadiness is (ey to 2S leadership and 5e)emony OM % 199: A=tt+B""///.fa!.or$"man" o.!"f%98"1' $et"f%98Q123.=tmC
4'r defense .a+a1ilit% !'!tain! Ameri.aD! $lo1al lea er!=i+ an +rovi e! t=e 1a.k1one of o'r national !e.'rit% +oli.%@ !afe$'ar in$ Ameri.aD! intere!t!@ eterrin$ .onfli.t@ an !e.'rin$ t=e +ea.e@ /=ere ne.e!!ar%. ;=en Ameri.aD! i+lomati. lea er!=i+ =el+e a.=ieve t=e Da%ton 0ea.e A..or @ o'r militar% le t=e effort t=at =a! 1ro'$=t a %ear of +ea.e in -o!nia. ;it= o'r NA54@ .entral 2'ro+ean@ an R'!!ian +artner!@ o'r militar% .ontin'e! to !e.'re t=e -o!nian a..or . Ameri.aD! arme for.e! remain in t=e 0er!ian G'lf@ eterrin$ /ar in t=at .riti.al re$ion of t=e /orl . 7n A!ia an t=e 0a.ifi. re$ion@ :.*. militar% for.e! +rovi e t=e .riti.al fo'n ation for +ea.e@ !e.'rit%@ an !ta1ilit%@ in +artner!=i+ /it= Pa+an an ot=er nation!. 7n o'r o/n re$ion@ Ameri.aD! !ol ier! =ave !'++orte t=e ret'rn of emo.ra.% in #aiti an =el+e en t=e e3o '! of ref'$ee! to o'r !=ore!. 5o f'lfill !'.= mi!!ion!@ !'++ort o'r allie!@ an rea!!'re o'r frien ! t=at Ameri.a i! +re+are to '!e for.e in defense of o'r .ommon intere!t!@ our armed forces must be hi)hly ready an arme /it= t=e 1e!t e8'i+ment t=at te.=nolo$% .an +rovi e. 7n t=e 21!t Cent'r%@ /e al!o m'!t 1e +re+are an traine for ne/ +o!t-Col ;ar t=reat! to Ameri.an !e.'rit%@ !'.= a! et=ni. an re8'ire .onfli.t! t=at 'n ermine !ta1ilit%. *ome of t=e!e +o!t-Col ;ar t=reat!@ !'.= a! t=e +roliferation of /ea+on! of ma!! e!tr'.tion@ terrori!m@ an r'$ traffi.kin$@ kno/ no national 1or er! an .an ire.tl% t=reaten o'r free an o+en !o.iet%. *'!tainin$ a *tron$ 6ilitar% Ca+a1ilit% 5=e :nite *tate! i! t=e onl% nation /it= t=e lo$i!ti.!@ mo1ilit%@ intelli$en.e@ an .omm'ni.ation! .a+a1ilitie! re8'ire to .on '.t lar$e- !.ale@ effe.tive militar% o+eration! on a $lo1al !.ale. Co'+le /it= o'r 'ni8'e +o!ition a! t=e !e.'rit% +artner of .=oi.e in man% re$ion!@ Ameri.aD! militar% .a+a1ilit% +rovi e! a fo'n ation for re$ional !ta1ilit% t=ro'$= m't'all% 1enefi.ial +artner!=i+!. 5=e 1' $et .ontin'e! to !'++ort t=e defense +oli.% lai o't 1% t=e A mini!tration over t=e +a!t fo'r %ear!--to !'!tain an mo erniMe t=e /orl D! !tron$e!t an mo!t rea % militar% for.e@ a for.e .a+a1le of +revailin$ in t/o nearl% !im'ltaneo'! re$ional .onfli.t!. 7t f'll% f'n ! o'r .ommitment to maintain t=e =i$=e!t level! of trainin$ an rea ine!! for t=at for.e@ an to e8'i+ o'r 'niforme men an /omen /it= t=e mo!t a van.e te.=nolo$ie! in t=e /orl A!ee 5a1le 10-1C. 5=e R'a rennial Defense Revie/@ no/ 'n er/a% in t=e De+artment of Defense AD4DC@ /ill en!'re t=at t=e arme for.e! are !=a+e @ traine @ an arme for emer$in$ t=reat! an mi!!ion!@ an remain .a+a1le of $lo1al militar% o+eration! in t=e ne3t .ent'r%.

;he impact is nuclear -ar

0halil1ad 199+ ) RAND@ Am1a!!a or to Af$=ani!tan ;a!=in$ton R'arterl%@ *+rin$

:n er t=e t=ir o+tion@ t=e :nite *tate! /o'l !eek to retain $lo1al lea er!=i+ an to +re.l' e t=e ri!e of a $lo1al rival or a ret'rn to m'lti+olarit% for t=e in efinite f't're. 4n 1alan.e@ t=i! i! t=e 1e!t lon$-term $'i in$ +rin.i+le an vi!ion. *'.= a vi!ion i! e!ira1le not a! an en in it!elf@ 1't 1e.a'!e a /orl in /=i.= t=e :nite *tate! e3er.i!e! lea er!=i+ /o'l =ave tremen o'! a vanta$e!. (ir!t@ t=e $lo1al environment /o'l 1e more o+en an more re.e+tive to Ameri.an val'e! -- emo.ra.%@ free market!@ an t=e r'le of la/. *e.on @ !'.= a /orl /o'l =ave a 1etter .=an.e of ealin$ .oo+erativel% /it= t=e /orl D! maOor +ro1lem!@ !'.= a! n'.lear +roliferation@ t=reat! of re$ional =e$emon% 1% rene$a e !tate!@ an lo/-level .onfli.t!. (inall%@ :.*. lea er!=i+ /o'l =el+ +re.l' e t=e ri!e of anot=er =o!tile $lo1al rival@ ena1lin$ t=e :nite *tate! an t=e /orl to avoi anot=er $lo1al .ol or =ot /ar an all t=e atten ant an$er!@ in.l' in$ a $lo1al n'.lear e3.=an$e. :.*. lea er!=i+ /o'l t=erefore 1e more .on '.ive to $lo1al !ta1ilit% t=an a 1i+olar or a m'lti+olar 1alan.e of +o/er !%!tem.

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
Scenario ;-o: is Ira' ,ullout <irst% readiness shortfalls -ill cause the 2S to pullout of Ira' National Security Advisory *roup% =an3 !""/ AH5=e :* 6ilitar%B :n er *train an at Ri!kI
=tt+B""///.$lo1al!e.'rit%.or$"militar%"li1rar%"re+ort"2006"'!-militar%Qn!a$-re+ortQ01252006.+ fC 5=e Ri!k! The Army and the Marine Corps cannot sustain todays operational tempo indefinitely without doing real damage to their forces. If recruiting trends do not improve over the next year, the Army, both active and reserve, will experience great difficulty fully manning its planned force structure and providing the needed rotation base for operations in Ira and Afghanistan. (e/er t=an nee e re.r'it! an fir!t-term reenli!tee! .o'l re!'lt in a !i$nifi.ant H=ollo/in$I an im1alan.e in t=e Arm%. 5=ere i! alrea % a efi.it of !ome 18@000 +er!onnel in t=e Arm%<! O'nior enli!te $ra e!. 2ven if it meet! it! re.r'itin$ an retention $oal!@ t=e Arm% i! e3+e.te to 1e !=ort !ome 309 !ol ier! Anot in.l' in$ !to+ lo!!C 1% t=e en of (N06. 5=i! /ill 'n ermine 'nit rea ine!!@ e3a.er1ate 02R*52604 !train!@ an Oeo+ar iMe t=e Arm%<! a1ilit% to +o+'late it! +lanne for.e !tr'.t're. 5=e!e fa.tor! /ill .reate tremen o'! internal +re!!'re! to 1e$in ra/in$ o/n t=e level of Arm% for.e! in 7ra8 1% ne3t !+rin$@ /=atever t=e .on ition! on t=e $ro'n ma% 1e.

Draft (ey to provide the troops necessary to stabili1e Ira' 7ashin)ton ,ost@ 1"7"!""+ A=tt+B""///./a!=in$ton+o!t..om"/+- %n"arti.le!"A54680-2005Pan6.=tmlKreferrer>emailC
*.o/.roft@ /=o =a! 1een .lo!e to t=e -'!= famil%@ =a! !take o't an in e+en ent an .riti.al !tan on +ivotal forei$n +oli.% i!!'e! fa.in$ t=e a mini!tration. :ntil re.entl% =e !erve a! .=airman of t=e 0re!i entD! (orei$n 7ntelli$en.e A vi!or% -oar @ 1't =i! ten're /a! not e3ten e 1% t=e a mini!tration. ;it= t=e 7ra8i ele.tion le!! t=an a mont= a/a%@ to+ former offi.ial! an ot=er forei$n +oli.% anal%!t! are in.rea!in$l% !ke+ti.al in +'1li. a1o't 7ra8. *.o/.roft !=are t=e +o i'm /it= S1i$nie/ -rMeMin!ki@ 0re!i ent Pimm% CarterD! national !e.'rit% a vi!er. F7 o not t=ink /e .an !ta% in 7ra8 in t=e fa!=ion /eDre in no/@F -rMeMin!ki !ai . F7f it .annot 1e .=an$e ra!ti.all%@ it !=o'l 1e terminate .F #e !ai it /o'l take 500@000 troo+!@ G500 1illion an re!'m+tion of t=e militar% raft to en!'re a e8'ate !e.'rit% in 7ra8. 5=e mo!t o+timi!ti. o't.ome to e3+e.t@ -rMeMin!ki !ai @ i! t=at 7ra8 /ill 1e.ome a *=iite- ominate t=eo.ra.%@ Fnot /=at /e /o'l normall% .all a emo.ra.%.F *.o/.roft Ooke t=at 1ot= men /ere .on!i ere Freali!t!F 'rin$ t=eir lifelon$ .areer!@ 1't =e note t=at FitD! 1e.ome a +eOorative termF 'rin$ a -'!= a mini!tration fille /it= i eali!t! /=o!e !tate $oal i! to !+rea emo.ra.% in t=e 6i le 2a!t.

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC 2S pullout ruins Ira' 2S ,resence is critical to stop the civil -ar 0aplan> Senior ?ditor at ;he Ne- $epublic> 4@/@!""/> ;he Ne- $epublic
A! t=e /ar take! a !e.tarian t'rn@ t=e :nite *tate! 1e$in! to look@ even to man% 7ra8i!@ like an =one!t 1roker@ more +ea.ekee+er t=an 1elli$erent. *=eik #'mam #amo' i@ one of 7ra8D! mo!t +o/erf'l *=ia an a lea er of t=e *'+reme Co'n.il for 7!lami. Revol'tion in 7ra8 A!.iriC@ kno/! t=i! 1etter t=an mo!t. #e !it!@ literall%@ ato+ t=e 7ra8i $overnment--in a !+ra/lin$ offi.e !'ite a1ove -a$= a D! .onvention .enter@ /=ere 7ra8i +oliti.ian! /=eel an eal. A! /it= man% *=ia +oliti.ian!@ #amo' i@ onnin$ a .leri.al ro1e an t'r1an@ 1e.ome! animate /=en t=e !'1Oe.t t'rn! to t=e :.*. militar%D! .am+ai$n a$ain!t *'nni in!'r$ent!. 7f an%t=in$@ =e 1elieve! it =a! 1een +ro!e.'te /it= in!'ffi.ient vi$or. An @ alt=o'$= =e .om+lain! t=at t=e Ameri.an! =ave +la.e 'n 'e re!traint! on t=e *=ia- ominate !e.'rit% for.e!@ =e liken! t=e effe.t of a :.*. /it= ra/al from 7ra8 to Fa .=il /=en =e /ant! to /alk an %o' a!k =im to +la% foot1all.F A1!ent t=e Ameri.an!@ =e !a%!@ -a$= a /o'l 1e tran!forme into anot=er -eir't. #'n re ! of mile! to t=e /e!t@ in an Ara1e!8'e villa t=at ri!e! o't of t=e e!ert near t=e *%rian 1or er@ *=eik A1 'lla= Al Na/ar--#amo' iD! mirror ima$e in t=e *'nni .omm'nit%--e.=oe! =i! .on.ern. Al Na/ar /iel ! !o m'.= +o/er in t=i! in!'r$ent =ot1e t=at :.*. Arm% offi.er! !a% =e .an t'rn t=e violen.e on an off like a fa'.et. (or t=e moment@ at lea!t@ =e =a! t'rne it off@ re!+on in$ to +lea! an ai from =i! Ameri.an interlo.'tor!. -'t =e /orrie! t=at t=e !ame 7ra8i !e.'rit% for.e! t=at #amo' i .laim! t=e :nite *tate! =a! m'MMle o+erate /it= too little Ameri.an over!i$=t. #e .laim! t=e% =ave 1een r'nnin$ amok t=ro'$= =i! +rovin.e@ 1eatin$ an arre!tin$ =i! .on!tit'ent! an .=antin$ *=ia !lo$an!. F7f t=e Ameri.an! leave@F =e /arn!@ Ft=ere /ill 1e rivers of blood.F 7n t=eir o/n /a%@ t=en@ 1ot= !=eik! !ee t=e :.*. militar% +re!en.e for e3a.tl% /=at it =a! 1e.omeB a buffer-1et/een 7ra8D! !e.t! an 1et/een relative or er an complete mayhem.

;he impact is nuclear -ar *te+=en lan(% +rof T *trate$i. *t' ie! 7n!tit'te T :* Arm% ;ar Colle$e@ ;orl an 7@ 2"1""1
After !even or more %ear! of Ameri.aD! 1e!t effort!@ /e no/ !=o'l !ee /it= /=om /e are ealin$ an t=e m'lti+le front! of t=e real 6i le 2a!t /ar. 7n to a%D! 6i le 2a!t@ ever% form of .onfli.t alon$ t=e !+e.tr'm from ro.k t=ro/in$ to n'.lear /ar .an take +la.e. Government! t=ere =ave lon$ !in.e '!e -ea+on! of ma!! de!tr'.tion in ot=er !tate!D .ivil /ar!. ('rt=er o++ort'nitie! to !tart t=e!e .ivil /ar! or '!e !'.= /ea+on! m'!t 1e firml% eterre an i!.o'ra$e . Rat=er t=an .=oo!e +ea.e an emo.ra.%@ Arafat an =i! allie! =ave .=o!en /ar an =atre . 7!rael an t=e :nite *tate! !=o'l a.t to$et=er to make !'re t=at t=e% never $et to make anot=er !imilar .=oi.e.

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
Scenario 4 is North 0orea Aac( of 2S readiness causes North 0orean -ar only a draft can prevent it 2ri.k Sta(elbec(@ Oo'rnali!t@ 1"9"!""4 A=tt+B""///.front+a$ema$..om"Arti.le!"Rea Arti.le.a!+K7D>5397C
7t<! t=e Defen!e De+artment<! ver!ion of Dante<! Inferno. (ir!t@ t=e im+en in$ /ar /it= 7ra8 1o$! o/n into fier.e@ $'erilla fi$=tin$ in!i e of -a$= a @ e3ten in$ /=at /a! !'++o!e to 1e a !=ort@ e.i!ive .am+ai$n to o'!t *a am #'!!ein into a 1loo %@ =o'!e-to=o'!e 1attle of /ill! a$ain!t t=e 7ra8i Re+'1li.an G'ar . 2m1ol ene 1% 7ra8<! re!i!tan.e@ 7ran@ *%ria an 2$%+t !te+ '+ t=eir o/n anti-:.*. r=etori. /=ile +o!t'rin$ !tron$l% to/ar ! 7!rael@ /=o!e nort=ern 1or er .ome! 'n er atta.k 1% #eM1olla= terrori!t! o+eratin$ o't of ,e1anon. 5=en O'!t /=en it look! like t=in$! .an<t $et an% /or!e@ t=e ot=er !=oe ro+!. ;it= t=e maOorit% of Ameri.a<! militar% re!o'r.e! tie '+ in Af$=ani!tan an t=e 0er!ian G'lf@ an o++ort'ni!ti.@ n'.lear-arme Nort= 9orea !en ! it! one million-man arm% !/armin$ a.ro!! t=e emilitariMe Mone into *o't= 9orea@ leavin$ t=e 37@000 :.* troo+! !tatione t=ere /it= no .=oi.e 1't to retreat in t=e fa.e of t=e enem%<! !'+erior n'm1er!. 5=o!e /=o t=ink t=at t=i! =%+ot=eti.al .=ain of event! !o'n ! more like a $ame of !is" t=an a le$itimate /artime !.enario i$nore t=e !'i.i al ten en.ie! of 1ot= *a am an Nort= 9orea<! 9im Pon$-7l. ,eft /it= not=in$ to lo!e a! t=eir e!+oti. re$ime! teeter on t=e 1rink of .olla+!e@ t=e!e t/o /ea+on! of ma!! e!tr'.tion-/iel in$ ma men ma% ver% /ell attem+t to ra$ Ameri.a into t=e 1o/el! of =ell /it= t=em. :nle!! t=e -'!= A mini!tration fle3e! it! n'.lear m'!.le@ !'.= a ni$=tmari!= !it'ation /o'l 'n o'1te l% lea to a t/o-front /ar in t=e 6i le 2a!t an 9orea@ one t=at Donal R'm!fel re.entl% !ai t=e :.* i! more t=an .a+a1le of /a$in$. -'t /it= a !.ale - o/n militar% for.e .on!i!tin$ of ro'$=l% 500@000 a.tive troo+! an re!erve!@ are /eK 4r /ill maintainin$ m'lti+le front! re8'ire an a.tion t=at =a!n<t 1een taken !in.e 1973Enamel%@ rein!tatin$ t=e militar% raft. 5=e ar$'ment for .on!.ri+tion@ /=ile +revio'!l% i!.re ite 1% 0re!i ent -'!= an all 1't i$nore 1% t=e me ia@ i! more le$itimate no/ t=an at an% time !in.e ;orl ;ar 77. 7n!tit'tin$ t=e raft to +'r!'e t=e 8'e!tiona1le interventioni!m of t=e fir!t 9orean ;ar an &ietnam !eem! l' i.ro'! /=en .om+are to t=e roll .all of t=reat! +re!entl% fa.e 1% t=e :nite! *tate!. *in.e t=e .arna$e of 9"11@ Ameri.a =a! 1een in .on!tant an$er of atta.k 1% 1ot= ome!ti. an forei$n terrori!t!. 7!lami. nation! !'.= a! 7ra8@ 7ran an ,i1%a@ !/orn enemie! of t=e :nite *tate! all@ are /orkin$ feveri!=l% at evelo+in$ n'.lear .a+a1ilitie! to mat.= t=eir alrea % +otent ar!enal! of 1iolo$i.al an .=emi.al /ea+on!. A! !tate +revio'!l%@ t=e !it'ation in Nort= 9orea i! ra+i l% i!inte$ratin$@ /=ile t=e .ontin'e militar% an e.onomi. $ro/t= of it! +o+'lo'! an am1itio'! C=ine!e nei$=1or /arrant! $rave .on.ern. A to t=e!e mala ie! an ever- '+li.ito'! R'!!ia@ t=e Oealo'!@ anti-:.*. leanin$! of t=e emer$in$ 2'ro+ean !'+er!tate an t=e ineffe.t'al@ neo5=ir ;orl non!en!e t=at i! t=e :nite Nation!@ an it<! o1vio'! t=at t=e :nite *tate! =a! fe/ frien ! an even fe/er relia1le allie!.

;his -ould )o nuclear

An re/ Mac(@ Dire.tor of t=e #'man *e.'rit% Center at ,i' 7n!tit'te for Glo1al 7!!'e! at t=e :niver!it% of -riti!= Col'm1ia@ 10"21""! A=tt+B""///.na'til'!.or$"fora"!e.'rit%"0205AQAn re/.=tmlC Confrontin$ t=i! ni$=tmare +ro!+e.t t=e :* =a! fe/ +alata1le .=oi.e!. 6ilitar% a.tion i! no lon$er a !erio'! o+tion@ not lea!t 1e.a'!e ;a!=in$ton 1elieve! t=at t=e Nort= ma% alrea % =ave one or t/o n'.lear /ea+on! +ro '.e from +l'toni'm from it! fir!t n'.lear /ea+on! +ro$ram. 0%on$%an$ ma% not %et =ave 1een a1le to 1'il !mall eno'$= /ar=ea ! to fit on it! *C:D mi!!ile!@ 1't it .o'l ea!il% eno'$= 1'il a fi3e n'.lear evi.e an em+la.e it in a t'nnel 'n erneat= t=e De-6ilitari!e Sone t=at ivi e! Nort= from *o't=. Conventional /ar on t=e 9orean +enin!'la /o'l 1e i!a!tro'!L /ar /it= n'.lear /ea+on! i! !im+l% 'nt=inka1le.

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
Scenario <our is ;errorism: Draft is critical fillin) homeland security roles and )uard roles and stoppin) terrorism Ro1ert 2. Aitan% vi.e +re!i ent an ire.tor of t=e -rookin$! 2.onomi. *t' ie! 0ro$ram@ <all !""! A-rookin$! Revie/@
=tt+B""///.1rookin$!.e '"+re!!"revie/"fall2002"litan.=tmC 5=ere are an!/er! to t=i! 8'e!tion@ of .o'r!e. 4ne i! t=at t=e militar% !=o'l 1e a1le to =an le even a !te++e -'+ militar% .am+ai$n a$ain!t terrori!m. After all@ t=e arme for.e! fo'$=t 7ra8 in 1991 /it= ro'$=l% 500@000 troo+!L t=i! time aro'n @ t=e =i$=e!t +roOe.tion! !eem to fall in t=e 250@000 ran$e. A !e.on an!/er i! t=at t=e men an /omen in 'niform are +ai to +'t t=em!elve! in =armD! /a%@ an t=e% vol'nteere to a!!'me an% ri!k of /ar t=at ma% .ome a1o't. -'t 'nlike Ameri.aD! +a!t forei$n /ar!@ t=e /ar on terrori!m re8'ire! a vi$ilant =omelan !e.'rit% effort in a ition to an offen!ive militar% Aan intelli$en.eC .am+ai$n a1roa . 5=i! time aro'n @ it i! not O'!t t=o!e in t=e militar% /=o are in =armD! /a%. ;e are all +otential tar$et! or vi.tim!-an t='! all =ave !ome o1li$ation to =el+ !e.'re Ameri.a. A! a +ra.ti.al matter@ neit=er t=e e.onom% nor !o.iet% .o'l f'n.tion if ever%one !too $'ar 't% or evote t=eir time to +rote.tin$ t=e =omelan . 0ai +rofe!!ional! =ave an /ill .ontin'e to .arr% o't t=e!e 'tie!. -'t if t=i! ne/ /ar i!@ a! it i! !ai to 1e@ a $enerational event@ t=en /=% not al!o a!k t=e ne3t $eneration-all of /=om ma% 1e at ri!k-to =el+ !=o'l er t=e !e.'rit% effortK

;he impact is eBtinction

Nona= AleBander@ +rofe!!or an ire.tor of t=e 7nter-:niver!it% for 5errori!m *t' ie!@ 8"28"!""4 A;a!=in$ton 5ime!C Aast -ee(.s brutal suicide bombin)s in -a$= a an Per'!alem =ave on.e a$ain ill'!trate ramati.all% t=at t=e international .omm'nit% faile @ t='! far at lea!t@ to 'n er!tan t=e ma$nit' e an im+li.ation! of t=e terrori!t threats to the very survival of civili1ation itself3 2ven t=e :nite *tate! an 7!rael =ave for e.a e! ten e to re$ar terrori!m a! a mere ta.ti.al n'i!an.e or irritant rat=er t=an a .riti.al !trate$i. .=allen$e to t=eir national !e.'rit% .on.ern!. 7t i! not !'r+ri!in$@ t=erefore@ t=at on *e+tem1er 11@ 2001@ Ameri.an! /ere !t'nne 1% t=e 'n+re.e ente tra$e % of 19 al Rae a terrori!t! !trikin$ a eva!tatin$ 1lo/ at t=e .enter of t=e nationD! .ommer.ial an militar% +o/er!. ,ike/i!e@ 7!rael an it! .itiMen!@ e!+ite t=e .olla+!e of t=e 4!lo A$reement! of 1993 an n'mero'! a.t! of terrori!m tri$$ere 1% t=e !e.on intifa a t=at 1e$an almo!t t=ree %ear! a$o@ are !till F!=o.ke F 1% ea.= !'i.i e atta.k at a time of inten!ive i+lomati. effort! to revive t=e mori1'n +ea.e +ro.e!! t=ro'$= t=e no/ revoke .ea!e-fire arran$ement! U=' naV. ;=% are t=e :nite *tate! an 7!rael@ a! /ell a! !.ore! of ot=er .o'ntrie! affe.te 1% t=e 'niver!al ni$=tmare of mo ern terrori!m !'r+ri!e 1% ne/ terrori!t F!'r+ri!e!FK 5=ere are man% rea!on!@ in.l' in$ mi!'n er!tan in$ of t=e manifol !+e.ifi. fa.tor! t=at .ontri1'te to terrori!mD! e3+an!ion@ !'.= a! la.k of a 'niver!al efinition of terrori!m@ t=e reli$ioniMation of +oliti.!@ o'1le !tan ar ! of moralit%@ /eak +'ni!=ment of terrori!t!@ an t=e e3+loitation of t=e me ia 1% terrori!t +ro+a$an a an +!%.=olo$i.al /arfare. :nlike t=eir =i!tori.al .o'nter+art!@ .ontem+orar% terrori!t! =ave intro '.e a ne/ !.ale of violen.e in term! of .onventional an 'n.onventional t=reat! an im+a.t. 5=e internationaliMation an 1r'taliMation of .'rrent an f't're terrori!m make it .lear /e =ave entere an A$e of *'+er 5errori!m Ue.$. 1iolo$i.al@ .=emi.al@ ra iolo$i.al@ n'.lear an .%1erV /it= it! !erio'! im+li.ation! .on.ernin$ national@ re$ional an $lo1al !e.'rit% .on.ern!.

10

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
Observation ;hree is ;he Army of Some Colunteerism is a myth3 Military recruitment is sustained throu)h a Dpoverty draftE -hich posits service as one of the fe- economic opportunities afforded to the poor and tar)ets non&-hites in particular 5amara 9. Nopper@ 0=.D. .an i ate !o.iolo$% 5em+le :niver!it% in 0=ila el+=ia@ *e+tem1er 3@ !""4 AH*ome -o ie! t=at 6atter@I
,a 0ren!a *an Die$oC -'t /=i.= raft are +eo+le talkin$ a1o'tK 5=ere =a! 1een a raft $oin$ on in t=i! .o'ntr% for a /=ile@ one t=at =a! 1een !'..e!!f'l in maintainin$ militar% enli!tment e!+ite t=e +ro$re!!ive .riti8'e of /ar an militariMation. 5=i! i! t=e F+overt% raft@F t=e raft t=at +o!it! t=e militar% a! one of t=e fe/ o+tion! for +eo+le to $et t=eir 1a!i. nee ! met or l're! +eo+le /it= t=e +romi!e of G50@000 in .olle$e mone% or Oo1 trainin$. 5=at man% +eo+le--57W--never $et a ime of t'ition mone% an t=at man% Oo1 !kill! learne in t=e militar% are not tran!fera1le to t=e .ivilian !e.tor ten ! to $o 'n er t=e ra ar of man% /=o are no/ .'rrentl% .on.erne a1o't Ft=e raft.F A! .o'nter-militar% re.r'itment a.tivi!t 6ario #ar % RamireM +oint! o't@ t=e +overt% raft =a! 1een more !'..e!!f'l in $ettin$ +eo+le of .olor@ +arti.'larl% -la.k!@ in t=e militar% t=an an% for.e raft =a!.
5=i! mi$=t e3+lain /=%@ /=en 7 an!/er +=one .all! at t=e .o'nter-militar% re.r'itment an +ea.e or$aniMation 7 vol'nteer at@ +arent! .on.erne a1o't a raft ten to 1e /=ite an @ from /=at it !o'n ! like@ mi le-.la!!. 5=e% a!k for information on =o/ to $et t=eir ki ! C4 !tat'!@ !ometime! /on erin$ if 7 .an refer t=em to a la/%er to =el+ o't /it= t=eir ki D! +a+er/ork. At time! t=e% /ant la/%er! to o all of t=e /ork for t=em@ an are /illin$ to !=ell o't t=e mone% !o t=at t=eir ail% ro'tine! are not interr'+te a! t=eir ki o1tain! C4 !tat'!. *ome +arent! an even $ran +arent! are lookin$ into C4 !tat'! for a %o'n$ +er!on /=o i! in t=eir +reteen! or even t=ree %ear! ol . ;=ile non-/=ite! =ave =i!tori.all% o++o!e /ar an for.e militar% enli!tment an are a.tivel% oin$ !o to a%@ t=e .on.ern! of +eo+le of .olor ten to iffer ramati.all% from t=e !.enario! O'!t $iven. ;=en 7 talk to +eo+le of .olor a1o't militar% enli!tment@ /=et=er over t=e +=one or in +er!on@ t=e% are '!'all% talkin$ a1o't !omeone t=e% kno/ alrea % in t=e militar% /=o /ent 1e.a'!e t=e% .o'l nDt $et a Oo1 or t=e% /ere 1roke or t=e% =a +eo+le to +rovi e for. 4r 7 =ave +arent! talkin$ a1o't =o/ t=e% /ant to +rovi e t=eir ki ! /it= .olle$e mone% 1't .o'l nDt !o t=eir .=il ren enli!te . 4r !ome +arent! tell me =o/ t=eir ki ! feel it i! ne.e!!ar% to $o into t=e militar% to F+roveF t=e% e!erve to e3i!t or 1e =ere@ notion! often .o'.=e in =i$=l% nationali!ti. or $en ere "!e3'al term! of 1ein$ a Freal Ameri.anF or a Freal manF or a F!tron$ /oman.F 4r +arent! tell me a1o't =o/ t=eir .=il /ent into t=e militar% a$ain!t t=eir /i!=e! 1't ma% =ave 1een enti.e 1% a !.=ool .o'n!elor or a militar% re.r'iter /=o i! omni+re!ent in t=eir ki D! !.=ool@ nei$=1or=oo an =an$-o't!.

6an% +eo+le of .olor@ t=en@ are not talkin$ a1o't t=e im+en in$ raft@ 1't are talkin$ a1o't t=e +overt% raft@ one t=at +o!e! to +eo+le@ +arti.'larl% +eo+le of .olor an even more !+e.ifi.all% -la.k!@ t=at t=e militar% i! t=e onl% o+tion to $et o't of t=eir !it'ation!. An t=e :* militar% oe! t=i! t=ro'$= a !erie! of tri.k! an an ann'al 1' $et of at lea!t 2.7 1illion O'!t for re.r'itment alone@ /=i.= i! f'nnele into vario'! F%o't=-frien l%F +a.ka$e! !'.= a! =i+ =o+ material@ vi eo $ame! an +=one .ar !. 5=e :* al!o romanti.iMe! or o/n+la%! t=e eva!tation itD! re!+on!i1le for in non-/=ite .omm'nitie!. 7n t=e :* alone@ t=e militar% =a! 1een a maOor for.e in maintainin$ !laver% an !'++re!!in$ !lave re1ellion!@ takin$ over in i$eno'! lan ! an 1o ie! in t=e Ameri.a!@ !'++re!!in$ an in.ar.eratin$ -la.k an -ro/n 1o ie! 'rin$ t=e ,A Riot!@ or =el+in$ in t=e in.ar.eration of almo!t 2.2 million +eo+le@ =alf of t=em -la.k. -a!i.all%@ non-/=ite!@ +arti.'larl% -la.k!@ t=en@ are for.e to +le $e lo%alt% to or /ork for a militar% !%!tem t=at =a! !=a+e .ontem+orar% !it'ation! t=e% fin t=em!elve! tr%in$ to eal /it=.

As a result minorities suffer a disproportionate number of casualties in our nation6s -ars Re+. C=arlie $an)el AD-N.N.C@ rankin$ mem1er ;a%! an 6ean! Committee@ P'ne 2@ !""4 AH5=e Re!'rre.tion of t=e Draft@I Roll
CallC 5=e .a!'altie! !'ffere 1% +oor /=ite!@ minoritie!@ /omen an immi$rant! in 7ra8 ramati.all% e+i.t t=e .=an$in$ make'+ of to a%D! militar%. 5=e% al!o 1elie +re i.tion! +rior to t=e /ar@ /=en t=e 0enta$on attem+te to ref'te .on.ern! t=at t=e i!+ro+ortionate minorit% +re!en.e /o'l re!'lt in .om+ara1l% =i$= rate! of fatalitie!. 5=e 0enta$on /ent !o far a! to ar$'e t=at 1la.k! /ere le!! likel% to 1e kille 1e.a'!e onl% 15 +er.ent of t=em /ere in .om1at 'nit! an t=e re!t in !'++l%@ maintenan.e@ me i.al@ .omm'ni.ation! an ot=er te.=ni.al +o!ition!. 5=e realit% of t=e o't.ome /a! far ifferent from t=e 0enta$onD! +re i.tion!. 7t refle.t! /=at 7 kne/ /ell a! a veteran of .om1at in 9oreaB No enem% i! !o !o+=i!ti.ate a! to .on!i er t=e !+e.ialtie! of t=eir tar$et!. 7n fa.t@ in 7ra8@ minoritie! re+re!ente a i!+ro+ortionate 32 +er.ent of t=e eat=! amon$ .om1at-relate !+e.ialtie! an 40 +er.ent of t=o!e amon$ t=e non-.om1at rank!. Clearl%@ it i! meanin$le!! to attem+t to +re i.t t=e relative likeli=oo of 1ein$ kille . #o/ever@ in to a%D! /arfare@ te.=ni.al !+e.ialtie! are !o vital to effe.tive f'n.tionin$ of t=e for.e t=at t=e!e !ol ier! are never far from t=e front or o't of =armD! /a%. A! of A+ril 24@ more t=an 16 +er.ent of t=e !ol ier! kille in 7ra8 /ere 1la.k an 14 +er.ent /ere #i!+ani.@ e3.ee in$ t=eir ro'$=l% 25 +er.ent re+re!entation in t=e $eneral +o+'lation. All minoritie! .om1ine a..o'nte for 35 +er.ent of fatalitie!@ refle.tin$ t=e a$$re$ate minorit% re+re!entation in t=e /ar@ /=i.= =a a +eak e+lo%ment in t=e 0er!ian G'lf re$ion of 340@000 troo+!.

11

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
2neven shoulderin) of burdens of -ar rests on an implicitly racist assumption that Dsome bodies matter more than others3E 5amara 9. Nopper% 0=.D. .an i ate !o.iolo$% 5em+le :niver!it% in 0=ila el+=ia@ *e+tem1er 3@ !""4 AH*ome -o ie! t=at 6atter@I
,a 0ren!a *an Die$oC An %et@ e!+ite t=e /a% li1eral! /ant to !li.e it@ t=e!e .ontem+orar% !it'ation! are not a F+eo+le of .olor !it'ationF one t=at .an !ome=o/ 1e ivor.e from t=e realit% of /=itene!! an /=ite 1o ie!. 5=at i!@ t=e an3iet% of /=ite! /=o fear an im+en in$ raft .an not 1e 'n er!too 'nle!! /e look at t=e !it'ation a! one in /=i.=@ to t=e F$eneral +'1li.@F !ome 1o ie! matter more t=an ot=er!. 7m+li.it in t=i! +rivile$in$ of .ertain 1o ie! are ra.i!t"!e3i!t a!!'m+tion! a1o't ot=er 1o ie!. 7f one +a%! attention to +'1li. i!.o'r!e@ la/! an +'1li. +oli.ie!@ militar% !trate$ie! an !o.iolo$i.al inter+retation!@ it i! t=e non-/=ite 1o % t=at@ for ifferent rea!on! e+en in$ on t=eir ra.e@ i! treate a! not ='man@ one t=at .an !ome=o/ =an le a lot of violen.e@ +ain an !'fferin$@ or =a! !ome et=ereal +o/er t=at i! !o 1e%on t=e ='man /orl t=at violen.e oe!nDt affe.t it. 7n a /=ite !'+rema.i!t /orl @ t=en@ it i! onl% /=ite 1o ie! t=at .an e3+erien.e ='man level! of +ain an !'fferin$. -a!i.all%@ it i! onl% /=ite 1o ie! t=at matter. 5='!@ for /=ite!@ t=e raft +o!e! a +otential moral .ri!i!@ one t=at !+eak! to t=e +o!!i1ilit% t=at more /=ite 1o ie! mi$=t =ave to e3+erien.e t=e violen.e@ +ain an eat= t=at .omm'nitie! of .olor@ +arti.'larl% -la.k!@ =ave e3+erien.e t=ro'$= t=e militar%-/=et=er enli!te or not. An t=e +o!!i1ilit% t=at t/o !%m+at=eti. t%+e!@ t=e /=ite /oman an t=e /=ite .olle$e !t' ent@ ma% 1e more at ri!k of e3+erien.in$ violen.e an ma% not live to f'lfill t=eir manife!t e!tin% a! $oo .itiMen! i! al!o informin$ t=e .'rrent moral .ri!i! for /=ite!. -a!i.all%@ t=e raft +o!e! a moral .ri!i! t=at i! 1lin to t=e fa.t t=at non-/=ite 1o ie! =ave 1een !=o'l erin$ t=e 1'r en of /ar@ militariMation an an3iet% a1o't militar% enli!tment for .ent'rie!. 7t i! a moral .ri!i! t=at ne$le.t! t=e fa.t t=at /=ite /omen make '+ a1o't onl% 13W of all /=ite +eo+le /=o are a.tive enli!te mem1er! in t=e militar%@ /=erea! t=e +er.enta$e! of /omen in t=eir re!+e.tive ra.ial $ro'+! are =i$=er@ /it= -la.k /omen makin$ '+ almo!t 25W of all -la.k +eo+le /=o are a.tivel% enli!te . An it i! a moral .ri!i! 1e.a'!e /=at !erve a! t=e !afe$'ar for man% /=ite +eo+le 'rin$ t=e &ietnam ;ar@ t=e 'niver!it%@ ma% no lon$er 1e a1le to !erve t=at f'n.tion in t=e .a+a.it% it on.e i . 4verall@ t=en@ /=at t=e .'rrent an3iet% a1o't t=e raft emon!trate! i! t=at !ome 1o ie! matter@ an 'nfort'natel% for t=e maOorit% of t=e /orl @ it i! /=ite 1o ie! t=at matter t=e mo!t. 5='!@ t=e .'rrent talk a1o't t=e raft refle.t! a moral .ri!i! for /=ite +eo+le@ one in /=i.= t=e% are fri$=tene 1% t=e +o!!i1ilit% t=at t=e% mi$=t =ave to e3+erien.e !ome of t=e violen.e@ +ain an eat= t=at +eo+le of .olor@ an in +arti.'lar -la.k!@ =ave 1een e3+erien.in$ for a /=ile. 5=i! i! /=at /e !a/ 'rin$ t=e &ietnam ;ar@ a /ar in /=i.= /=ite! 1e$an to +rote!t en ma!!e /=en /=ite .or+!e! .ame =ome in 1o % 1a$! an an era in /=i.= man% /=ite! fle to t=e 'niver!it% an 1e.ame +art of t=e /=ite intelli$ent!ia t=at no/ $et! to inter+ret to a%D! /ar! to t=e +'1li..

12

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
$acism dooms the planet must reFect Po!e+= arndt@ Di!mantlin$ Ra.i!mB 5=e Contin'in$ C=allen$e to ;=ite Ameri.a@ 1991% +. 155-56
5o !t' % ra.i!m i! to !t' % /all!. ;e =ave looke at 1arrier! an fen.e! an limitation!@ $=etto! an +ri!on!. 5=e +ri!on of ra.i!m .onfine! '! all@ +eo+le of .olor an /=ite +eo+le alike. 7t !=a.kle! t=e vi.timiMer a! /ell a! t=e vi.tim. 5=e /all! for.i1l% kee+ +eo+le of .olor an /=ite +eo+le !e+arate from ea.= ot=erL in o'r !e+arate +ri!on! /e are all +revente from a.=ievin$ t=e ='man +otential t=at Go inten ! for '!. 5=e limitation! im+o!e on +eo+le of .olor 1% +overt%@ !'1!ervien.e@ an +o/erle!!ne!! are .r'el@ in='man@ an 'nO'!tL t=e effe.t! of 'n.ontrolle +o/er@ +rivile$e@ an $ree @ /=i.= are t=e mark! of o'r /=ite +ri!on /ill inevita1l% e!tro% '! a! /ell. -'t /e =ave al!o !een t=at t=e /all! of ra.i!m .an 1e i!mantle . ;e are not .on emne to an ine3ora1le fate@ 1't are offere t=e vi!ion an t=e +o!!i1ilit% of free om. -ri.k 1% 1ri.k@ !tone 1% !tone@ t=e +ri!on of in ivi 'al@ in!tit'tional@ an .'lt'ral ra.i!m .an 1e e!tro%e . No' an 7 are 'r$entl% .alle to Ooin t=e effort! of t=o!e /=o kno/ it i! time to tear o/n@ on.e an for all@ t=e /all! of ra.i!m. 5=e an$er of !elf- e!tr'.tion !eem! to 1e ra/in$ ever more near. 5=e re!'lt! of .ent'rie! of national an /orl /i e .on8'e!t an .oloniMation@ of militar% 1'il '+! an violent a$$re!!ion@ of over.on!'m+tion an environmental e!tr'.tion ma% 1e rea.=in$ t=e +oint of no ret'rn. A !mall an +re ominantl% /=ite minorit% of $lo1al +o+'lation erive! it! +o/er an +rivile$e from !'fferin$! of t=e va!t maOorit% of +eo+le! of .olor. (or t=e !ake of t=e /orl an o'r!elve!@ /e are not allo/ it to .ontin'e. Draft solves non&voluntary inte)rative eBperiences combat societal divisions ;illiam A. *alston% +rofe!!or .ivi. en$a$ement :niver!it% of 6ar%lan Colle$e 0ark@ Pan'ar% 1@ !""# AH5=inkin$ a1o't t=e raft@I 0'1li. 7ntere!t No. 154C 5=e !e+aration i! more t=an e.onomi.. 5=e !on! an a'$=ter! of t=e mi le an '++er .la!!e! $ro/ '+ in a .'lt'ral milie' in /=i.= .ertain a!!'m+tion! ten to 1e taken for $rante . 4ften@ .olle$e e3+erien.e! reinfor.e t=e!e vie/! rat=er t=an .=allen$in$ t=em. *in.e t=e &ietnam ;ar@ moreover@ man% elite .olle$e! an 'niver!itie! =ave =el t=e militar% at armD! len$t=@ en in$ R45C .'rri.'la an 1annin$ .am+'!-1a!e militar% re.r'itment. A! a &ietnam-era raftee@ 7 .an atte!t to t=e role militar% !ervi.e +la%! in e3+an in$ m't'al a/arene!! a.ro!! .'lt'ral line!. 5=i! +ro.e!! i! not al/a%! 0lea!ant or +rett%@ 1't it oe! =el+ to 1ri $e t=e $a+ 1et/een t=e +rivile$e an lo/er .la!!e!.
7n an evo.ative letter to =i! !on!@ -rookin$! !.=olar *te+=en #e!! refle.t! on =i! e3+erien.e! a! a raftee an e3+erien.e for .=il ren from fort'nate familie!. #i! ar$'ment i! in!tr'.tiveB -ein$ for.e to 1e t=e lo/e!t rank ... !ervin$ for lon$ eno'$= t=at %o' .anDt .learl% !ee Ft=e li$=t at t=e en of t=e t'nnel@F i! a! .lo!e a! %o' /ill ever .ome to 1ein$ a mem1er of !o.iet%D! 'n er.la!!. 5o +'t it 1l'ntl%@ %o' /ill feel in %o'r $'t /=at it mean! to 1e at t=e 1ottom of t=e =ea+. 7t i! a matter not O'!t of .om+a!!ion@ 1't of re!+e.tB 5=e mi le .la!! raftee learn! to a++re.iate a lot of talent! Aan t=e +eo+le /=o =ave t=emC t=at are not +art of t=e live! %o' =ave kno/n@ an @ after militar% 't%@ /ill kno/ a$ain for t=e re!t of %o'r live!. 5=i! /ill .ome from 1ein$ t=ro/n to$et=er /it=--an =avin$ to e+en on--+eo+le /=o are ver% ifferent from %o' an %o'r frien !. efen ! militar% !ervi.e a! a vital !o.ialiMin$

A mo ern emo.ra.%@ in !=ort@ .om1ine! le$al e8'alit% /it= e.onomi. an !o.ial !tratifi.ation. 7t i! far from inevita1le@ or even nat'ral@ t=at emo.rati. lea er! /=o are ra/n i!+ro+ortionatel% from t=e '++er rank! of !o.iet% /ill a e8'atel% 'n er!tan t=e e3+erien.e! or re!+e.t t=e .ontri1'tion! of t=o!e from t=e lo/er. 7nte$rative e3+erien.e! are nee e to 1rin$ t=i! a1o't. 7n a !o.iet% in /=i.= e.onomi. .la!! lar$el% etermine! re!i en.e an e '.ation an in /=i.= t=e fort'nate /ill not /illin$l% a!!o.iate /it= t=e re!t@ onl% nonvol'ntar% in!tit'tion! .'ttin$ a.ro!! .la!! line! .an =o+e to +rovi e !'.= e3+erien.e!.

13

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
;hus the ,lan: ;he 2nited States federal )overnment should establish a policy substantially increasin) the number of persons servin) in the Armed <orces throu)h a national draft3

14

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
Observation <our is Solvency Ne- draft is critical to solvin) current overstretch problems and repairs readiness 0=illi+ Carter% attorne% an former Arm% .a+tain@ /riter for 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% and 0a'l *lastris i! t=e e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@ March !""+ AH5=e Ca!e for t=e DraftI
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2005"0503..arter.=tmlJ1%lineC A 21!t-.ent'r% raft 5=at leave! one o+tion left for +rovi in$ t=e militar% /it= !'ffi.ient n'm1er! of =i$=-8'alit% e+lo%a1le $ro'n for.e!B conscription3 Ameri.a =a! nearl% al/a%! .=o!en t=i! o+tion to !taff it! militar% in time! of /ar. 5o a%@ no lea in$ +oliti.ian in eit=er +art% /ill .ome an%/=ere near t=e i eaEt=e raft =avin$ re+la.e *o.ial *e.'rit% a! t=e t=ir rail of Ameri.an +oliti.! . 5=i! /ill =ave to .=an$e if t=e :nite *tate! i! to remain t=e /orl D! +reeminent +o/er. 5ra itional .on!.ri+tion =a! it! o1vio'! o/n!i e!. 4n a +ra.ti.al level@ raftee! ten to 1e le!! motivate t=an vol'nteer!. -e.a'!e t=e% !erve for relativel% !=ort +erio ! of time At%+i.all% t/o %ear!C@ an% inve!tment ma e in t=eir trainin$ i! lo!t to t=e militar% on.e t=e raftee! ret'rn to .ivilian life. An e!+ite t=e .'rrent man+o/er !=orta$e@ t=ereD! no fore!eea1le !.enario in /=i.= all 28 million %o'n$ Ameri.an! .'rrentl% of raft a$e /o'l 1e nee e . A1ove all el!e@ t=ereD! t=e !erio'! et=i.al +ro1lem t=at .on!.ri+tion mean! $overnment .om+ellin$ %o'n$ a 'lt! to ri!k eat=@ an to killEan a.t of t=e !tate t=at !eem! .ontrar% to t=e 1a!i. notion! of li1ert% /=i.= animate o'r !o.iet%. 7n +ra.ti.e@ =o/ever@ o'r re+'1li. =a! e.i e man% time! t=ro'$=o't it! =i!tor% t=at a raft /a! ne.e!!ar% to +rote.t t=o!e 1a!i. li1ertie!. 2ven if %o' i!a$ree /it= t=e e.i!ion to inva!ion of 7ra8@ or t=ink t=e +re!i entD! r=etori. i! ema$o$i. an =i! +oli.ie! i!a!tro'!@ it i! =ar to ar$'e t=at 7!lami. terrori!m i!nDt a t=reat to free om an !e.'rit%@ at =ome an a1roa . 6oreover@ an% Ameri.an@ li1eral or .on!ervative@ o'$=t to =ave moral 8'alm! a1o't 1a!in$ o'r nationD! !e.'rit% on an all-vol'nteer for.e ra/n i!+ro+ortionatel%@ a! o'r! i!@ from Ameri.aD! lo/er !o.ioe.onomi. .la!!e!. An t=e .o!t of to a%D! /ar i! 1ein$ 1orne 1% an e3tremel% narro/ !li.e of Ameri.a. Cam+ 0en leton@ Calif.@ =ome to t=e 1!t 6arine 23+e itionar% (or.e@ i! al!o =ome to a++ro3imatel% one-!event= of t=e :.*. fatalitie! from 7ra8. 7n t=eor%@ o'r emo.ra.% /ill not fi$=t 'n+o+'lar /ar! 1e.a'!e t=e +eo+le /=o m'!t 1ear t=e .a!'altie! .an im+o!e t=eir /ill on o'r ele.te lea er! to en a /ar t=e% o not !'++ort. -'t /=en !'.= a !mall fra.tion of Ameri.a !=o'l er! t=e 1'r enEan +a%! t=e .o!t Eof Ameri.aD! /ar!@ t=i! emo.rati. !%!tem 1reak! o/n. Nor are t=e +ra.ti.al .on!i eration! of a raft im+o!!i1le to over.ome. A raft lotter%@ of t=e kin t=at e3i!te in t=e +ea.etime raft of t=e 1950!@ /it= no e3em+tion! for .olle$e !t' ent!@ /o'l +rovi e t=e militar% an a++ro+riate an mana$ea1le amo'nt of man+o/er /it=o't t=e .la!! ine8'itie! t=at +oi!one t=e national .'lt're 'rin$ &ietnam. *'.= a !%!tem@ =o/ever@ /o'l not avoi t=e +ro1lem of floo in$ t=e militar% /it= le!!-t=an-f'll%-motivate .on!.ri+t!. A 1etter !ol'tion /o'l fi3 t=e /eakne!!e! of t=e all-vol'nteer for.e /it=o't 'n erminin$ it! !tren$t=!. #ereD! =o/ !'.= a +lan mi$=t /ork. Instead of a lottery% the federal )overnment -ould impose a re'uirement that no four&year colle)e or university be allo-ed to accept a student% male or female% unless and until that student had completed a 1!&month to t-o&year term of service3 :nlike an ol -fa!=ione raft@ this !1st&century service re'uirement -ould provide a vital element of personal choice3 Students could choose to fulfill their obli)ations in any of three -ays: in national service pro)rams like AmeriCor+! At'torin$ i!a vanta$e .=il renC@ in =omelan !e.'rit% a!!i$nment! A$'ar in$ +ort!C@ or in t=e militar%. 5=o!e /=o .=o!e t=e latter .o'l !erve a! militar% +oli.e offi.er!@ tr'.k river!@ or ot=er non-.om1at !+e.iali!t! re8'irin$ onl% mo e!t level! of trainin$. A7t !=o'l 1e note t=at t=e Arm% .'rrentl% offer! t/o-%ear enli!tment! for all of t=e!e Oo1!@ a! /ell a! for t=e infantr%.C 5=e% /o'l 1e e+lo%e a! nee e for +ea.ekee+in$ or nation-1'il in$ mi!!ion!. 5=e% /o'l !erve for 12-mont=! to t/o %ear!@ /it= mo e!t follo/-on re!erve o1li$ation!. 7hichever option they choose% all -ho serve -ould receive modest stipends and *I ill&type colle)e )rants3 5=o!e /=o !i$n '+ for len$t=ier an ri!kier 't%@ =o/ever@ /o'l re.eive =i$=er +a% an lar$er .olle$e $rant!. 6o!t /o'l no o'1t +i.k t=e le!! an$ero'! o+tion!3 ut some -ould certainly select the militaryGout of patriotism% a sense of adventure% or to test their mettle3 ?ven if only 1" percent of the one&million youn) people -ho annually start at four&year colle)es and universities -ere to choose the military option% the armed forces -ould receive 1""%""" fresh recruits every yea r. 5=e!e /o'l 1e motivate re.r'it!@ =avin$ .=o!en t=e militar% over ot=er@ le!! eman in$ form! of !ervi.e. An 1e.a'!e t=e% /o'l all 1e .olle$e-$ra e an .olle$e-1o'n @ t=e% /o'l =aveEto a $reater e3tent t=an %o'r avera$e vol'nteer re.r'itEt=e !avv% an in.lination to +i.k '+ forei$n lan$'a$e! an ot=er !kill! t=at are often t=e ke% to effe.tive +ea.ekee+in$ /ork. XContin'e!?

15

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft SolvesHH
XContin'e ? A 21!t-.ent'r% raft like t=i! /o'l .reate a .a!.a in$ !erie! of 1enefit! for !o.iet%. 7t /o'l in!till a ne/ et=i. of !ervi.e in t=at !e.tor of !o.iet%@ t=e .olle$e-1o'n @ mo!t likel% to rea+ t=e fr'it! of Ameri.an +ro!+erit%. 7t /o'l mo1iliMe an arm% of %o'n$ +eo+le for vital ome!ti. mi!!ion!@ !'.= a! =el+in$ a $ro/in$ +o+'lation of !enior! /=o /ant to avoi n'r!in$ =ome! 1't nee =el+ /it= !im+le ail% ta!k! like $ro.er% !=o++in$. 7t /o'l $ive more of Ameri.aD! elite an e3+erien.e of t=e militar%. A1ove all@ it /o'l +rovi e t=e all-im+ortant !'r$e .a+a.it% no/ mi!!in$ from o'r for.e !tr'.t're@ in!'rin$ t=at t=e militar% /o'l never a$ain la.k for man+o/er. An it /o'l o all t=i! /it=o't re8'irin$ an% Ameri.an to .arr% a $'n /=o i not .=oo!e to o !o. 5=e /ar in 7ra8 =a! !=o/n '!@ an t=e /orl @ man% t=in$!B t=e 1loo % .o!t! of ine+t lea er!=i+L t=e .o'ra$e of t=e avera$e Ameri.an !ol ierL t=e ='n$er for emo.ra.% amon$ !ome of t=e eart=D! mo!t o++re!!e +eo+le. -'t +er=a+! more t=an an%t=in$@ 7ra8 =a! !=o/n t=at o'r militar% +o/er =a! limit!. A! .'rrentl% .on!tit'te @ t=e :.*. militar% .an /in t=e /ar!@ 1't it .annot /in t=e +ea.e@ nor .an it .ommit for t=e lon$ term to t=e !ta1ilit% an !e.'rit% of a nation !'.= a! 7ra8. 4'r enemie! =ave learne t=i!@ an t=e% /ill '!e t=at kno/le $e to t=eir a vanta$e in t=e ne3t /ar to tie '! o/n an 1lee '! 'ntil /e lo!e t=e +oliti.al /ill to fi$=t. If America -ishes to retain its mantle of )lobal leadership @ it must develop a military force structure capable of perseverin) under these circumstances3 <ortunately% -e (no- ho- to build such a force3 7e have done it many times in the past3 ;he 'uestion is: Do -e have the -ill to do so a)ainI

Draft is critical for fillin) in the reserves & reverses retention and recruitment crisis 6ark Safrans(i% e '.ational .on!'ltant to !e.on ar% !.=ool!. #e fre8'entl% /rite! a1o't t=e militar%@ 1"27" !""4 A#i!tor% Ne/!
Net/ork@ =tt+B""=nn.'!"arti.le!"1228.=tmlC D'e to a e.line in rea ine!! an !tan in$ for.e!@ t=e 0enta$on m'!t ra/ =eavil% '+on t=e Re!erve! an G'ar for.e! to mo'nt even a mo eratel% !iMe /ar-fi$=tin$ .am+ai$n. Af$=ani!tan re8'ire 83@000 Re!erve an G'ar +er!onnel an .'rrentl% t=e .om1ine Arm% Re!erve an National G'ar for.e! o'tn'm1er t=e a.tive 't% Arm% 550@000 to 480@000. #avin$ rea.=e 47 +er.ent of t=e 0enta$onD! total for.e! t=e +art-time !ol ier i! no/ inte$ral to t=e /artime +erforman.e of Ameri.aD! 10 Arm% ivi!ion!@ 12 air.raft .arrier! an 38 Air (or.e !8'a ron!. 5=e +re!!in$ !=orta$e of even re!erve troo+! =a! 1een ma!ke 1% 0re!i ent -'!=D! re.ent@ 8'ietl% !i$ne @ e3e.'tive or er e3ten in$ t=e ol 365- a% limit on National G'ar e+lo%ment! to a t/o%ear =it.=. 5=i! /a!@ at 1e!t@ a !to+$a+ mea!'re. De!+ite t=i!@ a ;orl ;ar 77 !t%le .on!.ri+tion of million! of %o'n$ men a! envi!ione 1% Con$re!!man Ran$el /ill not =el+ t=e .'rrent !it'ation an% more t=an t=e :.*. Nav% /o'l 1e im+rove 1% a in$ !ailin$ !=i+! of t=e line. 5=e F0oint of t=e */or F !=o'l remain t=e elite vol'nteer! -- t=e =i$=l% motivate *+e.ial 4+eration! +rofe!!ional! an !=o.k troo+! like t=e 6arine! an Arm% Ran$er!. A raft ma% 1e mo!t '!ef'l in fillin$ o't o'r re!erve! to a more reali!ti. fi$'re of 750@000 to 1 million@ t='! re '.in$ 1'rno't an lo!! of e3+erien.e +er!onnel in o'r a.tive 't% for.e!. 0enta$on +lanner! !=o'l t=ro/ o't ol notion! a1o't t=e !ele.tive !ervi.e !%!tem an e3+lore +otentiall% ra i.al .=an$e! in t=e raft to meet t=e realitie! of a 21!t .ent'r% /ar on terrori!m !'.= a!B

Only a Draft solves any other mechanism falls far short of fulfillin) troop re'uirements C=arle! Mos(os@ 0rofe!!or of *o.iolo$% at Nort=/e!tern :niver!it% and 0a'l *lastris@ e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% an a !enior fello/ at t=e ;e!tern 0oli.% Center@ Nov3 !""1
A;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@ =tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2001"0111.mo!ko!.$la!tri!.=tmlC ;=ere are all t=e!e 1rave men an /omen $oin$ to .ome fromK Certainl%@ Ameri.a i! ri.= eno'$=@ an t=e nee vital eno'$=@ t=at /e .o'l affor to offer !i$nifi.ant !alarie! to l're .an i ate!. -'t even in a /eak e.onom%@ t=ere i! a finite n'm1er of .om+etent +eo+le /illin$ to .=oo!e a .areer t=at re8'ire! /earin$ a 'niform@ +erformin$ often 'll /ork@ !'.= a! $'ar 't%@ /it= alertne!!@ an 1ein$ rea % at an% moment to ri!k oneD! life for ot=er!. A /=ole ran$e of $overnment a$en.ie! an +rivate firm!@ from t=e :.*. Arm% to -rink! to lo.al +oli.e e+artment!@ m'!t .om+ete for t=i! limite la1or +ool. An t=e +ool i! +ro1a1l% not e3+an in$. Con!i er t=i!B -et/een 1980 an 2000@ !'rve%! !=o/e t=at t=e n'm1er of %o'n$ +eo+le !a%in$ t=e% /o'l efinitel% not !erve in t=e militar% ro!e from 40 to 64 +er.ent. 5=e onl% rea!on t=i! .=an$e of attit' e i not e!tro% militar% re.r'itin$ effort! i! t=at t=e nee for ne/ re.r'it! +l'mmete /it= t=e en of t=e Col ;ar. -'t t=e militar% i! feelin$ t=e +in.= nonet=ele!!. 5=e arme !ervi.e! =ave =a to o'1le !tartin$ +a% to re.r'it =alf a! man% enli!tee!@ an t=e 8'alit% of ne/ re.r'it! i! not /=at it !=o'l 1e. 5=e n'm1er of enli!tee! !.orin$ in t=e to+ =alf of t=e arme for.e! 8'alifi.ation te!t! =a! ro++e 1% a t=ir !in.e t=e mi -1990!. 7n fi!.al %ear 2000@ t=e Arm% took in !ome 380 re.r'it! /it= felon% arre!t re.or !@ o'1le t=e n'm1er in 1998. De!ertion! are al!o on t=e ri!e. 6o!t tellin$@ over one&third of those enterin) the military fail to complete their enlistments 3 Contra!t t=i! /it= t=e one in ten of raftee! /=o i not .om+lete =i! t/o-%ear o1li$ation 'rin$ t=e Col ;ar. 6'.= 1etter to =ave a !ol ier !erve a !=ort term =onora1l% t=an to 1e i!.=ar$e for .a'!e.

16

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 1AC
5istory and Israel are on our side the draft can fill in Davi 5ac(-orth% Ret. Col. :* Arm%@ 10"4"!""#
AH:n.le *am ;ill *oon ;ant No'r 9i ! H=tt+B""///.militar%..om"4+inion!"0@@#a.k/ort=Q100404@00.=tmlC R'm!fel @ in fa.t@ =a! alrea % ki.ke off t=e anti- raft .am+ai$n 1% eni$ratin$ t=e raftee! /=o fo'$=t in &ietnam. 5=e *e.Def@ /=o +refer! !%.o+=ant! /=o onDt a!k 8'e!tion!@ re.entl% !tate t=at &ietnam-era raftee! a e FNo val'e@ no a vanta$e@ reall%@ to t=e :nite *tate! arme !ervi.e! ... 1e.a'!e ... it took an enormo'! amo'nt of effort in term! of trainin$@ an t=en t=e% /ere $one.F ;ron$ on.e a$ain. 7 le raftee! for almo!t fo'r %ear! in &ietnam an for !everal %ear! 'rin$ t=e 9orean ;ar. 7f /ell-le @ t=ere are no finer !ol ier!. A!k t=e NaMi!@ t=e Pa+ane!e an t=e Re ! in 9orea an in &ietnam@ /=ere Fno val'eF raftee! .leane t=eir .lo.k! in fi$=t after fi$=t. 7!rael@ a .o'ntr% t=at =a! live 'n er t=e 1arrel of t=e 7!lami. terrori!t $'n for e.a e!@ =a! t=e mo!t .om1at-e3+erien.e .o'nterin!'r$ent for.e in t=e /orl - an 1o% an $irl raftee! are it! maOor re!o'r.e.

17

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

*eneral $eadiness@5e)emony Adv3 All Colunteer <ails Stop&Aoss@ ac(door Draftin)

All volunteer fails stop loss pro)ram is vie-ed as bac(door draftin) and cause a drop in reenlists Davi 5ac(-orth% Ret. Col. :* Arm%@ 10"4"!""#
AH:n.le *am ;ill *oon ;ant No'r 9i ! H=tt+B""///.militar%..om"4+inion!"0@@#a.k/ort=Q100404@00.=tmlC 6o!t of o'r /arrior! - /=o are mainl% from 1l'e-.ollar familie! from *mall 5o/n@ :*A - =ave fe/ +oliti.al .onne.tion! an fe/ .on 'it! t=o'$= /=i.= t=e% .an effe.tivel% !o'n off. *o /=en t=e% $et !.re/e over 1% a e!+erate 0enta$onD! make!=ift +oli.ie! !'.= a! t=e F*to+ ,o!!F +ro$ram t=atD! =ol in$ over lar$e n'm1er! of o'r !ervi.emen an -/omen /ell 1e%on t=eir .ontra.t'all% a$ree -'+on term! of enli!tment@ or t=e /i e!+rea .allin$ '+ of o't-of-!=a+e@ ill-traine .itiMen !ol ier! from t=e 7n ivi 'al Rea % Re!erve - t=e!e Fvol'nteer!F !al'te@ !'.k it '+ an la% t=eir live! on t=e line. -'t like ele+=ant!@ t=e% /onDt for$et t=at t=e% are F1a.k oor raftee!@F a! 9err% an Po=n 6.Cain .all t=em. ;=i.= mean! t=at /=en t=eir =it.=e! are '+@ t=e% /onDt 1e r'!=in$ to re-enli!t. An t=e%Dre al!o /arnin$ t=eir %o'n$er 1rot=er!@ !i!ter! an +al! to !ta% a/a% from re.r'itin$ !tation!. Alt=o'$= 0enta$on +'ff arti!t! in!i!t t=e%Dre makin$ 8'ota@ re.r'iter! are alrea % !a%in$ it /o'l 1e ea!ier to fin G100 1ill! on t=e !i e/alk o't!i e a =omele!! !=elter t=an fill t=eir enli!tment 8'ota!@ even /it= t=e ='$e 1on'!e! no/ 1ein$ +ai .

18

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$eadiness Ao- No- !AC Card

$eadiness is lo- no- multiple indicators National Security Advisory *roup% =an3 !""/ AH5=e :* 6ilitar%B :n er *train an at Ri!kI
=tt+B""///.$lo1al!e.'rit%.or$"militar%"li1rar%"re+ort"2006"'!-militar%Qn!a$-re+ortQ01252006.+ fC 5=e (a.t! Nearly all of the available combat units in the U.S. Army, Army National Guard and Marine Corps have been used in current operations. 2ver% availa1le .om1at 1ri$a e from t=e a.tive 't% Arm% =a! alrea % 1een to Af$=ani!tan or 7ra8 at lea!t on.e for a 12 mont= to'r. 6an% are no/ in t=eir !e.on or t=ir to'r! of 't%. A++ro3imatel% 95W t=e Arm% National G'ar <! .om1at 1attalion! an !+e.ial o+eration! 'nit! =ave 1een mo1iliMe !in.e 9"11. *=ort of f'll mo1iliMation or a ne/ 0re!i ential e.laration of national emer$en.%@ t=ere i! little availa1le .om1at .a+a.it% remainin$ in t=e Arm% National G'ar . All a.tive 't% 6arine Cor+! 'nit! are 1ein$ '!e on a Hti$=tI rotation !.=e 'le ) !even mont=! e+lo%e @ le!! t=an a %ear =ome to re!et@ an t=en anot=er !even mont=! e+lo%e ) an all of it! Re!erve .om1at 'nit! =ave 1een mo1iliMe . The Army is experiencin the be innin s of !hat could become a ma"or recruitin crisis . At t=e en of (N2005@ t=e a.tive Arm% fell 6@627 re.r'it! !=ort of it! ann'al $oal of 80@000 ne/ a..e!!ion!. Alt=o'$= t=i! !=ortfall i! not alarmin$ in an of it!elf@ t=ere are !ome im+ortant in i.ator! t=at t=e re.r'itin$ !=ortfall /ill 1e far lar$er ne3t %ear. 7n a ition@ !ome /orr% t=at t=e Arm% i! lo/erin$ it! 8'alit% !tan ar !@ ra/in$ a =i$=er t=an normal +er.enta$e of it! ne/ re.r'it! from HCate$or% 7&I At=e lo/e!t a+tit' e level a..e+te C. 5=i! %ear /ill 1e .riti.al in eterminin$ /=et=er t=e a.tive Arm% i! !im+l% $oin$ t=ro'$= a 1a +at.= or enterin$ one of t=e /or!t re.r'itin$ .ri!e! in it! =i!tor%. 6ean/=ile@ t=e Arm% Re!erve fell 16W 1e=in it! re.r'itin$ tar$et for t=e %ear@ an t=e G'ar 20W !=ort of it! ann'al $oal. The Army and Marine Corps are meeting their overall retention goals, for themoment, but some fear a ma"or retention crisis may be loomin for the Army. ;=ile t=e Arm% met it! overall retention $oal! in 2005@ t=e Arm% National G'ar an Arm% Re!erve fell !=ort of t=eir $oal! for t=o!e e.i in$ /=et=er to rene/ t=eir .ommitment for t=e fir!t time@ .reatin$ t=e +otential for lon$-term im1alan.e! in t=e for.e. 7n a ition@ !ome of o'r mo!t =i$=l% !kille +eo+le@ like *+e.ial 4+eration! (or.e!@ are leavin$ t=e for.e to 1e.ome more =i$=l% +ai .ontra.tor!. ('rt=ermore@ 1et/een 2001 an 2004@ ivor.e rate! an t=e in.i en.e of ome!ti. violen.e in.rea!e marke l%@ in i.atin$ t=e !everit% of t=e !train! on Arm% +er!onnel an t=eir familie!. *ome commanders fear that these seemin)ly unrelated developments could au)er a retention crisis in the future3

19

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$eadiness Ao- No- ,enta)on Studies

,rivate ,enta)on studies concur unless force si1e increases readiness -ill be destroyed Ro1ert urns@ A0 militar% /riter@ Pan 24@ !""/ A=tt+B""///.1reit1art..om"ne/!"2006"01"24"D8(--NG98.=tmlC *tret.=e 1% fre8'ent troo+ rotation! to Iraq and Afghanistan@ t=e Arm% =a! 1e.ome a Ft=in $reen lineF t=at .o'l !na+ 'nle!!
relief .ome! !oon@ a..or in$ to a !t' % for t=e 0enta$on. Andrew Krepinevich@ a retire Arm% offi.er /=o /rote t=e re+ort 'n er a 0enta$on .ontra.t@ .on.l' e t=at t=e Arm% .annot !'!tain t=e +a.e of troo+ e+lo%ment! to 7ra8 lon$ eno'$= to 1reak t=e 1a.k of t=e in!'r$en.%. #e al!o !'$$e!te t=at t=e 0enta$onD! e.i!ion@ anno'n.e in De.em1er@ to 1e$in re '.in$ t=e for.e in 7ra8 t=i! %ear /a! riven in +art 1% a realiMation t=at t=e Arm% /a! overe3ten e . A! evi en.e@ 9re+inevi.= +oint! to t=e Arm%D! 2005 re.r'itin$ !l'm+ Q mi!!in$ it! re.r'itin$ $oal for t=e fir!t time !in.e 1999 Q an it! e.i!ion to offer m'.= 1i$$er enli!tment 1on'!e! an ot=er in.entive!. FNo' reall% 1e$in to /on er O'!t =o/ m'.= !tre!! an !train t=ere i! on t=e Arm%@ =o/ m'.= lon$er it .an .ontin'e@F =e !ai in an intervie/. #e a e t=at t=e Arm% i! !till a =i$=l% effe.tive fi$=tin$ for.e an i! im+lementin$ a +lan t=at /ill e3+an t=e n'm1er of .om1at 1ri$a e! availa1le for rotation! to 7ra8 an Af$=ani!tan. 5=e 136-+a$e re+ort re+re!ent! a more !o1erin$ +i.t're of t=e Arm%D! .on ition t=an militar% offi.ial! offer in +'1li.. ;=ile not relea!e +'1li.l%@ a .o+% of t=e re+ort /a! +rovi e in re!+on!e to an A!!o.iate 0re!! in8'ir%. 7ll'!tratin$ =i! level of .on.ern a1o't !train on t=e Arm%@ 9re+inevi.= title one of =i! re+ortD! .=a+ter!@ F5=e 5=in Green ,ine.F #e /rote t=at t=e Arm% i! Fin a ra.e a$ain!t timeF to a O'!t to t=e eman ! of /ar For ri!k Y1reakin$D t=e for.e in t=e form of a .ata!tro+=i. e.lineF in re.r'itment an re-enli!tment. Col. ,e/i! -oone@ !+oke!man for Arm% (or.e! Comman @ /=i.= i! re!+on!i1le for +rovi in$ troo+! to /ar .omman er!@ !ai it /o'l 1e Fa ver% e3treme .=ara.teriMationF to .all t=e Arm% 1roken. #e !ai =i! or$aniMation =a! 1een a1le to f'lfill ever% request for troops t=at it =a! re.eive from fiel .omman er!. 5=e 9re+inevi.= a!!e!!ment i! t=e late!t in t=e e1ate over /=et=er t=e /ar! in 7ra8 an Af$=ani!tan =ave /orn o't t=e Arm%@ =o/ t=e !train! .an 1e ea!e an /=et=er t=e :.*. militar% i! too 1'r ene to efeat ot=er t=reat!. Re+. Po=n 6'rt=a@ t=e 0enn!%lvania Demo.rat an &ietnam veteran@ .reate a +oliti.al !torm la!t fall /=en =e .alle for an earl% e3it from 7ra8@ ar$'in$ t=at t=e Arm% /a! F1roken@ /orn o'tF an f'elin$ t=e in!'r$en.% 1% it! mere +re!en.e. A mini!tration offi.ial! =ave =otl% .onte!te t=at vie/. Geor$e Po'l/an@ a retire fo'r-!tar Arm% $eneral an former NA54 .omman er@ a$ree! t=e Arm% i! !tret.=e t=in. F;=et=er t=e%Dre 1roken or not@ 7 t=ink 7 /o'l !a% if /e onDt .=an$e t=e /a% /eDre oin$ 1'!ine!!@ t=e%Dre in an$er of 1ein$ fra.t're an 1roken@ an 7 /o'l a$ree /it= t=at@F Po'l/an tol CNN la!t mont=. 9re+inevi.= i not .on.l' e t=at :.*. for.e! !=o'l 8'it 7ra8 no/@ 1't !ai it ma% 1e +o!!i1le to re '.e troo+ level! 1elo/ 100@000 1% t=e en of t=e %ear. 5=ere no/ are a1o't 136@000@ 0enta$on offi.ial! !ai 5'e! a%. (or an Arm% of a1o't 500@000 !ol ier! Q not .o'ntin$ t=e t=o'!an ! of National G'ar an Re!erve !ol ier! no/ on a.tive 't% Q t=e .ommitment of 100@000 or !o to 7ra8 mi$=t not !eem an e3.e!!ive 1'r en. -'t 1e.a'!e t=e /ar =a! la!te lon$er t=an e3+e.te @ t=e Arm% =a! =a to re$'larl% rotate fre!= 'nit! in /=ile maintainin$ it! normal trainin$ effort! an reor$aniMin$ t=e for.e from to+ to 1ottom. 9re+inevi.=D! anal%!i!@ /=ile .on!i!tent /it= t=e .on.l'!ion! of !ome o't!i e t=e -'!= a mini!tration@ i! in !tark .ontra!t /it= t=e +'1li. !tatement! of Defen!e *e.retar% Donal #. R'm!fel an !enior Arm% offi.ial!.

20

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$eadiness Ao- No- & *eneral

$eadiness is lo- no- & Ira' National Security Advisory *roup% =an3 !""/ AH5=e :* 6ilitar%B :n er *train an at Ri!kI
=tt+B""///.$lo1al!e.'rit%.or$"militar%"li1rar%"re+ort"2006"'!-militar%Qn!a$-re+ortQ01252006.+ fC 7n t=e .'rrent e1ate over 7ra8@ t=ere i! an ele+=ant in t=e room t=at fe/ are /illin$ to a.kno/le $e. ;=ile t=e :.*. militar% =a! +erforme !'+er1l% in Af$=ani!tan@ 7ra8 an el!e/=ere@ o'r $ro'n for.e! are 'n er enormo'! !train. 5=i! !train@ if not !oon relieve @ /ill =ave =i$=l% .orro!ive an +otentiall% lon$-term effe.t! on t=e for.e. ;e 1elieve t=at t=e -'!= a mini!tration =a! 1roken fait= /it= t=e Ameri.an !ol ier an 6arineB 1% failin$ to +lan a e8'atel% for +o!t-.onfli.t o+eration! in 7ra8L 1% failin$ to !en eno'$= for.e! to a..om+li!= t=at mi!!ion at an a..e+ta1le level of ri!kL an 1% failin$ to a e8'atel% e8'i+ an +rote.t t=e %o'n$ Ameri.an! t=e% !ent into =arm<! /a%. 5=e!e fail're! =ave .reate a real ri!k of H1reakin$ t=e for.eI ) a for.e t=at i! .riti.al to +rote.tin$ an a van.in$ o'r national intere!t!@ no/ an in t=e f't're. 5=e Ameri.an militar% e!erve! 1etter. 5=e Ameri.an +eo+le e!erve 1etter. 5=i! +a+er i! inten e to !o'n a /arnin$ ) to rai!e a/arene!! a1o't t=e !tate of o'r $ro'n for.e! to a% an t=e ver% real ri!k t=at +o!e! to o'r f't're !e.'rit%. 5=i! +a+er al!o +ro+o!e! an a.tion +lan for re!torin$ t=e =ealt= an vitalit% of t=e :.*. militar%. 5=e a mini!tration =a! 'n er i!.'!!ion !ome of /=at i! re.ommen e =ere@ 1't t=e a.tion! a.t'all% 1ein$ taken fall far !=ort of /=at i! re8'ire .

2S doesn6t have enou)h troops readiness is too lo- to handle any other threats 7ashin)ton ,ost% 3"19"!""+ 8H5/o Near! ,ater@ 7ra8 ;ar Drain! 6ilitar%I =tt+B""///./a!=in$ton+o!t..om"/+%n"arti.le!"A48306-20056ar18.=tmlC 5/o %ear! after t=e :nite *tate! la'n.=e a /ar in 7ra8 /it= a .r'!=in$ i!+la% of +o/er@ a $'errilla .onfli.t i! $rin in$ a/a% at t=e re!o'r.e! of t=e :.*. militar% an .a!tin$ 'n.ertaint% over t=e fitne!! of t=e all-vol'nteer for.e@ a..or in$ to !enior militar% lea er!@ la/maker! an efen!e e3+ert!. 5=e 'ne3+e.te l% =eav% eman ! of !'!taine $ro'n .om1at are e+letin$ militar% man+o/er an $ear fa!ter t=an t=e% .an 1e f'll% re+leni!=e . *=ortfall! in re.r'itin$ an 1a.klo$! in nee e e8'i+ment are takin$ a toll@ an $ro/in$ n'm1er! of 'nit! =ave 1een 1roken a+art or ta3e 1% re+eate e+lo%ment!@ +arti.'larl% in t=e Arm% National G'ar an t=e Arm% Re!erve. ;=at kee+! me a/ake at ni$=t i!@ /=at /ill t=i! all-vol'nteer for.e look like in 2007KF Gen. Ri.=ar A. Co %@ Arm% vi.e .=ief of !taff@ !ai at a *enate =earin$ t=i! /eek.

21

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$eadiness Ao- No- *eneral Deployments

$eadiness is Ao- No- )eneral deployments )lobally destroyin) it 6i.=ael O65anlon@ *enior (ello/ of (orei$n 0oli.% *t' ie! T -rookin$! 7n!tit'te@ A't'mn@ !""# AH5=e Nee to 7n.rea!e t=e *iMe
of t=e De+lo%a1le Arm%I@ 0arameter!@ =tt+B""///..arli!le.arm%.mil"'!a/."0arameter!"04a't'mn"o=anlon.+ fC 5=e +o!!i1ilit% e3i!t! t=at lar$e n'm1er! of a.tive- 't% troo+! an re!ervi!t! ma% !oon leave t=e !ervi.e rat=er t=an !'1Oe.tin$ t=em!elve! to a life .ontin'all% on t=e roa . 5=e !erio'!ne!! of t=e /orr% .annot 1e ea!il% e!ta1li!=e . *o far t=e +ro1lem =a! not 1e.ome a.'te. *to+-lo!! or er! t=at +revent !ome militar% +er!onnel from leavin$ t=e !ervi.e at t=e !.=e 'le en of t=eir to'r!@ to$et=er /it= a !'r$e of +atrioti!m after 9"11@ to$et=er /it= limite a/arene!! to ate of O'!t =o/ lon$ t=e 7ra8 mi!!ion i! likel% to la!t@ =ave limite t=e fallo't of over e+lo%ment!. -'t t=ere .an 1e no a!!'ran.e t=at t=i! !tate of affair! /ill .ontin'e. Avoi in$ a +er!onnel .ri!i! in t=e all-vol'nteer militar% =a! 1e.ome t=e .=ief for.e mana$ement .=allen$e for *e.retar% of Defen!e Donal R'm!fel or =i! !'..e!!or@ m'.= more !o t=an tran!formin$ t=e arme for.e! or relo.atin$ over!ea! 1a!e!. 5=e +ro1lem i! mo!t a.'te for t=e :* Arm%@ /=i.= n'm1er! onl% a =alf million a.tive- 't% troo+!@ t=o'$= it i! al!o !i$nifi.ant for t=e 6arine Cor+!. 5=e Air (or.e an Nav% =ave 1enefite .on!i era1l% from not onl% t=e en of t=e 7ra8 inva!ion 1't al!o from t=e en of t=e no-fl% Mone an !an.tion! enfor.ement o+eration! t=at .=ara.teriMe t=e 1991-2003 +erio . #o/ever@ :* $ro'n for.e! !till =ave a1o't 140@000 +er!onnel in 7ra8@ anot=er 30@000 or !o in 9'/ait an ot=er +art! of t=e 0er!ian G'lf re$ion@ an nearl% 20@000 in Af$=ani!tan. 6ore t=an 25@000 !ol ier! remain in 9orea Aeven if !everal t=o'!an of t=o!e are no/ !late to $o to 7ra8CL nearl% 2@000 are !till in t=e -alkan!L !everal t=o'!an marine! are on 4kina/aL oMen! =ere an ='n re ! t=ere are on tem+orar% a!!i$nment! aro'n t=e /orl . &irt'all% all of t=e!e !ol ier!@ mo!t of t=em marrie @ are .'rrentl% !e+arate from t=eir =ome 1a!e! an familie!.1 5=i! total of !ome 225@000 e+lo%e troo+! m'!t 1e $enerate from an Arm% of O'!t over one million an a 6arine Cor+! of O'!t over 200@000 total +er!onnel. 5=e !train i! $reate!t on t=e Arm%@ /it= a1o't 190@000 !ol ier! e+lo%e o't of it! million-!ol ier total !tren$t=. A! note in (i$'re 1@ t=e a.tive- 't% Arm% n'm1er! O'!t 'n er 500@000@ of /=i.= onl% a1o't 320@000 !ol ier! are ea!il% e+lo%a1le at an% $iven moment. 5=e Arm% Re!erve an Arm% National G'ar to$et=er in.l' e 550@000 troo+!@ a 8'arter or more of /=om t%+i.all% =ave 1een a.tivate in re.ent time!. (or e3am+le@ in late 2003@ 156@000 Arm% re!ervi!t! /ere mo1iliMe o't of a total of 558@000@ an in P'ne 2004 t=e n'm1er !too at 130@000. C'm'lativel% !in.e 11 *e+tem1er 2001@ 213@000 Arm% re!ervi!t! =a 1een mo1iliMe at lea!t on.e 1% t=e en of t=e 2003-04 /inter@ O'!t 'n er 40 +er.ent of t=e total. Ro'$=l% 30 +er.ent of Air (or.e Re!erve or National G'ar +er!onnel =ave 1een mo1iliMe a! /ell@ O'!t 'n er 25 +er.ent of Nav% re!erve +er!onnel@ an more t=an 50 +er.ent of t=e 6arine Cor+!< !mall re!erve. -'t 1% no/ t=e re!erve a.tivation! of t=o!e ot=er De+lo%ment eman ! are likel% to remain $reat@ even if *e.retar% R'm!fel an 0re!i ent -'!= =o+e ot=er/i!e. (orei$n .oalition +artner! in 7ra8 .ontin'e to +rovi e a1o't 25@000 troo+!@ 1't t=at n'm1er i! not tren in$ '+/ar . 5=at make! it likel% t=at :* troo+ !tren$t= t=ere /ill =ave to remain !'1!tantial for a lon$ time to .ome. 7n ee @ t=e :* militar% i! +re+arin$ for t=e +o!!i1ilit% t=at it! .'rrent !tren$t= in 7ra8 of O'!t over 140@000 ma% =ave to remain at t=at level for %ear!. 5=e =i!tor% of re.ent !ta1iliMation mi!!ion! !'$$e!t! t=at even a favora1le !.enario mi$=t !ee t=e n'm1er e.line to a1o't 100@000 in 2005@ 75@000 in 2006@ 50@000 or !o in 2007-08@ an +er=a+! =alf t=at latter n'm1er for a +erio t=ereafter. 3 7t i! entirel% +o!!i1le t=at t=e!e e!timate! .o'l +rove /ron$E an even t=at t=e :nite *tate! .o'l 1e a!ke to leave 7ra8 rat=er !' enl% in t=e .omin$ %ear or t/o. -'t +lanner! .annot a!!'me !'.= an o't.ome.

22

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$eadiness Ao- No- Combat ri)ades ?Bt3

Combat bri)ades are sapped not enou)h for rotation into combat 1ones 6i.=ael O65anlon@ *enior (ello/ of (orei$n 0oli.% *t' ie! T -rookin$! 7n!tit'te@ 8"12" !""4 8 HDo t=e 6at=B ;e Nee 6ore
-oot! 4n t=e Gro'n I =tt+B""///.1rookin$!.e '"vie/!"o+-e "o=anlon"20030812.=tmC Doe! t=e :nite *tate! militar% nee to 1e lar$er to =an le !tre!!e! an !train! in 9orea@ Af$=ani!tan@ t=e -alkan!@ +o!!i1l% ,i1eria an @ mo!t of all@ 7ra8K 7! *e.retar% of Defen!e Donal R'm!fel ri$=t in =i! re.ent .laim! t=at ne/ effi.ien.ie! an innovation! .an allo/ t=e Ameri.an arme for.e! to =an le t=eir to'$= /orkloa /it=o't in.rea!in$ t=e overall n'm1er of troo+!K R'm!fel D! in!tin.t! are la' a1le in man% /a%!. 5=e efen!e 1' $et i! alrea % $ro/in$ eno'$= /it=o't in.rea!in$ it f'rt=er t=ro'$= a e +er!onnel. An t=e arme !ervi.e! o nee to 1e +'!=e to innovate@ +rivatiMe an reform t=eir +ra.ti.e!. -'t R'm!fel $oe! too far /=en =e .laim! t=at /e .an $et 1% /it= no a itional !ol ier! in to a%D! :.*. Arm%. 2ven /it= more allie =el+E/=i.= R'm!fel i!nDt oin$ eno'$= to re.r'itE/e are likel% to nee at lea!t anot=er ivi!ion /it=in a %ear . 5=atD! a1o't 15@000 !ol ier!L a..om+an%in$ !'++ort troo+! /ill o'1le t=at n'm1er. Given o'r all-vol'nteer for.e@ /e nee to !tart re.r'itin$ no/. 5=e +ro1lem .an 1e !tate !im+l% an !tarkl%. 0a!t e3+erien.e in t=e -alkan! an el!e/=ere !=o/! t=at@ in late 2004@ /e /ill +ro1a1l% nee a1o't t/o-t=ir ! t=e n'm1er of international troo+! in 7ra8 a! /e =ave t=ere no/. -'t o'r rotation 1a!e /ill 1e e+lete 1% t=en. 5=at mean! /e /ill =ave to take t=e 'nt=inka1le !te+ of !en in$ 1a.k to 7ra8 +eo+le /=o ret'rne from t=ere a %ear 1efore. 6an% Ameri.an !ol ier!@ a! e i.ate a! t=e% are@ /ill .=oo!e not to reenli!t rat=er t=an a..e+t !'.= an 'n+alata1leE an @ frankl%@ 'nfairE eman '+on t=em an t=eir familie!. 5=e Arm%D! 1r'ti!= e+lo%ment mat= !+e.ifi.all% /ork! like t=i!. *i3teen of it! 33 a.tive- 't% .om1at 1ri$a e! At=ere are t%+i.all% t=ree 1ri$a e! +er ivi!ionC are no/ in 7ra8L anot=er t/o are in Af$=ani!tanL t/o more are in 9oreaL one more i! in t=e -alkan!. 5=at leave! onl% 12 availa1le for ot=er mi!!ion!@ an mo!t of t=o!e are no/ +re+arin$ to $o to 7ra8. (or e3am+le@ /=en t=e 3r an 4t= 7nfantr% ivi!ion!@ 1!t Armore Divi!ion@ 101!t Air1orne Divi!ion@ 2n an 3r Armore Cavalr% re$iment! an 173r Air1orne -ri$a e .ome =ome@ t=e% /ill 1e re+la.e 1% t=e 1!t Armore Cavalr% Divi!ion@ 1!t 7nfantr% Divi!ion@ m'.= of t=e 82n Air1orne Divi!ion@ a1o't t/o 1ri$a e! of t=e Arm% National G'ar @ a ne/ me i'm-/ei$=t 1ri$a e of t=e Arm% an more m'ltinational for.e!. Allie! /ill@ it i! =o+e @ al!o re+la.e element! of t=e 1!t 6arine 23+e itionar% (or.e !till in 7ra8. (or t=o!e oin$ t=eir Arm% mat=@ t=at leave! onl% t=e 2n 7nfantr% Divi!ion@ 10t= 6o'ntain Divi!ion an 25t= 7nfantr% Divi!ion t=at /ill not !+en time in 7ra8 in 2003 or 2004. -'t t=e 2n an 25t= are e i.ate to t=e 9orea mi!!ion@ an t=e 10t= i! nee e in +la.e! !'.= a! Af$=ani!tan. 5=ere i! no one left for t=e follo/in$ rotation to 7ra8@ in late 2004 or earl% 2005.

Combat bri)ades are sapped no- rotation is too hi)h dra-in) from all over 7ashin)ton ,ost% 3"19"!""+ 8H5/o Near! ,ater@ 7ra8 ;ar Drain! 6ilitar%I =tt+B""///./a!=in$ton+o!t..om"/+%n"arti.le!"A48306-20056ar18.=tmlC Growing Demands A! t=e militar% !tr'$$le! to fin fre!= re.r'it!@ t=ere i! 'n+re.e ente !train on !ervi.e mem1er! an t=eir familie!. *in.e 2001@ t=e :.*. militar% =a! e+lo%e more t=an 1 million troo+! for t=e /ar! in 7ra8 an Af$=ani!tan @ /it= 341@000@ or nearl% a t=ir @ !ervin$ t/o or more over!ea! to'r!. 5o a%@ an entren.=e in!'r$en.% in 7ra8 tie! o/n 150@000 :.*. troo+!@ infli.tin$ '+/ar ! of 1@500 eat=! !o far -- more t=an 10 time! t=e n'm1er kille in t=e maOor .om1at o+eration! t=at 0re!i ent -'!= e.lare en e on 6a% 1@ 2003. -e.a'!e of t=e !+rea in$ violen.e from t=e in!'r$en.%@ .o'+le /it= a !maller forei$n .oalition t=an /a! =o+e for@ t=e :.*. Arm% an 6arine! in +arti.'lar =ave !.ram1le to kee+ a for.e of ro'$=l% 17 1ri$a e! in 7ra8 'ntil no/@ rat=er t=an ra/ o/n to ei$=t 1ri$a e! or even 1e o't alto$et=er@ a..or in$ to +revio'! militar% +roOe.tion!. ,t. Gen. Pame! P. ,ovela.e Pr.@ t=e Arm%D! o+eration! .=ief@ i! a kin of .ir.'! ma!ter re!+on!i1le for O'$$lin$ limite 'nit! an e8'i+ment an +rioritiMin$ /=o oe! /=at. Rin$e 1% or$aniMational .=art! in =i! 0enta$on offi.e@ t=e ;e!t 0oint $ra 'ate from Ri.=mon ti.ke off t=e far-fl'n$ .orner! from /=i.= t=e Arm% =a! =a to m'!ter for.e!. F;eDve e+lo%e 'nit! of t=e 4l G'ar ZF =e !ai @ referrin$ to t=e fir!t-ever e+lo%ment of t=e .eremonial $'ar from (ort 6%er@ /=en a .om+an% /a! i!+at.=e to DOi1o'ti la!t %ear. F;eDve rea.=e '+ in!i e of Ala!ka an $ra11e t=e for.e! '+ t=ere @F =e !ai . F9oreaZ ;=o /o'l =ave ever t=o'$=t t=at /e /o'l =ave e+lo%e a .om1at formationKF =e !ai @ referrin$ to a 1ri$a e !ent from *o't= 9orea to 7ra8.

23

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$eadiness Ao- No- Combat ri)ades ?Bt3

Combat bri)ades are sapped National Security Advisory *roup% =an3 !""/ AH5=e :* 6ilitar%B :n er *train an at Ri!kI
=tt+B""///.$lo1al!e.'rit%.or$"militar%"li1rar%"re+ort"2006"'!-militar%Qn!a$-re+ortQ01252006.+ fC 5=e (a.t! Nearl% all of t=e availa1le .om1at 'nit! in t=e :.*. Arm%@ Arm% National G'ar an 6arine Cor+! =ave 1een '!e in .'rrent o+eration!. 2ver% availa1le .om1at 1ri$a e from t=e a.tive 't% Arm% =a! alrea % 1een to Af$=ani!tan or 7ra8 at lea!t on.e for a 12 mont= to'r.3 6an% are no/ in t=eir !e.on to'r! of 't%@ =avin$ =a 1arel% a %ear at =ome.4 *ome are alrea % !late to $o 1a.k for a t=ir rotation. 7n a ition@ !ele.te =i$= eman 'nit! are $ettin$ rea % to e+lo% to 7ra8 for a fo'rt= to'r.5 7n t=e re!erve .om+onent@ more t=an 95W of t=e Arm% National G'ar <! .om1at 1attalion! an all 1't one of it! 10 !+e.ial o+eration! 'nit! =ave 1een mo1iliMe !in.e 9"11. 5=i! in.l' e! 'nit! t=at =ave 1een e+lo%e to 4+eration 2n 'rin$ (ree om or 4+eration 7ra8i (ree om a! /ell a! 'nit! !'++ortin$ o+eration! in t=e -alkan!. *=ort of f'll mo1iliMation@ t=ere i! little or no .om1at .a+a.it% remainin$ in t=e Arm% National G'ar t=at .o'l 1e availa1le for e+lo%ment@ /it=o't t=e 0re!i ent e.larin$ a ne/ emer$en.%@ $iven t=e !tat'tor% .on!traint t=at in ivi 'al! .annot 1e mo1iliMe for more t=an 24 .on!e.'tive mont=!.6 At t=e !ame time@ t=e avera$e len$t= of to'r for re!ervi!t! =a! more t=an o'1le @ from 156 a%! in De!ert *=iel "De!ert *torm to 342 a%! in 427("47(. 7n a ition@ 60W of t=e Arm% Re!erve@ .om+ri!e +rimaril% of !'++ort 'nit!@ =a! 1een mo1iliMe !in.e 9"11. 4nl% 16W of t=e Arm% Re!erve remain! eli$i1le for mo1iliMation to !'++ort o+eration! in 7ra8 an Af$=ani!tan 'n er .'rrent a't=oritie!@ 1't man% of t=e remainin$ !+e.ialtie! are not in eman . (iel in$ t=e ne.e!!ar% .om1at !'++ort".om1at !ervi.e !'++ort 'nit! =a! +roven +arti.'larl% .=allen$in$ for t=e Arm%. 7n t=e .'rrent rotation in 7ra8@ 20W of t=e!e 'nit! are 1ein$ manne /it= !ol ier! t=at /ere remove from t=eir ori$inal o..'+ational !+e.ialtie! an ra+i l% retraine to fill em+t% 1illet! in .o11le -to$et=er 'nit!. 5=e 6arine Cor+! i! al!o 'n er tremen o'! !train. All a.tive 't% 6arine Cor+! 'nit! are 1ein$ '!e on a Hti$=tI rotation !.=e 'le of !even mont=! e+lo%e @ le!! t=an a %ear =ome to re!et@ an t=en anot=er !even mont=! e+lo%e ) meanin$ t=at a.tive 't% 6arine 23+e itionar% :nit! A62:!C are e3+erien.in$ t/o o+erational e+lo%ment! +er .%.le rat=er t=an t=e '!'al one +er .%.le. 7n a ition@ all of t=e 6arine Cor+! Re!erve<! .om1at 'nit! =ave 1een mo1iliMe .

24

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$eadiness Ao- No- $ecruitin) ?Bt3

$eadiness is lo- no- recruitin) problems National Security Advisory *roup% =an3 !""/ AH5=e :* 6ilitar%B :n er *train an at Ri!kI
=tt+B""///.$lo1al!e.'rit%.or$"militar%"li1rar%"re+ort"2006"'!-militar%Qn!a$-re+ortQ01252006.+ fC 5=e Arm% ma% 1e e3+erien.in$ t=e 1e$innin$! of a re.r'itin$ .ri!i!. 5=e a.tive 't% Arm% 1e$an mi!!in$ it! re.r'itin$ $oal! in (e1r'ar% 2005@ /=en it fell !=ort of it! mont=l% $oal A1% 27WC for t=e fir!t time !in.e 2000. At t=e en of (N2005@ t=e Arm% fell 6@627 re.r'it! !=ort of it! ann'al $oal of 80@000 ne/ a..e!!ion! for t=e a.tive 't% for.e.7 Alt=o'$= t=i! !=ortfall i! not alarmin$ in an of it!elf@ man% e3+e.t t=e re.r'itin$ !=ortfall to 1e far lar$er t=i! %ear if +'1li. !'++ort for t=e /ar in 7ra8 .ontin'e! to e.line@ t=e emo$ra+=i. of %o'n$ Ameri.an! eli$i1le to !erve .ontin'e! to !=rink@8 t=e e.onom% .ontin'e! to offer more attra.tive alternative! to %o'n$ Oo1 !eeker!@ an t=e +ro+en!it% of %o'n$ Ameri.an! to enli!t .ontin'e! to e.rea!e. 7n a ition@ !ome /orr% t=at t=e Arm% i! lo/erin$ it! 8'alit% !tan ar !B in 4.to1er 2005@ for e3am+le@ 19W of Arm% re.r'it! /ere ra/n from HCate$or% 7&I At=e lo/e!t a+tit' e level a..e+te C ) a +er.enta$e far =i$=er t=an t=e =i!tori.al avera$e. 5=e .omin$ %ear /ill 1e .riti.al in eterminin$ /=et=er t=e a.tive Arm% i! !im+l% $oin$ t=ro'$= a 1a +at.= or enterin$ one of t=e /or!t re.r'itin$ .ri!e! in it! =i!tor%. 5=e Arm% Re!erve fell a1o't 16W 1e=in it! re.r'itin$ tar$et for t=e %ear@ an t=e G'ar a1o't 20W !=ort of it! ann'al $oal. 4f +arti.'lar .on.ern i! t=e o/n/ar tren in Arm% Re!erve en !tren$t= for (N2005-06. C'rrent a't=oriMe an 1' $ete en !tren$t= i! 2059@ 1't a.t'al en !tren$t= i! onl% a1o't 1909. 5=e Arm% Re!erve no/ +roOe.t! in.rea!e lo!!e! of +er!onnel@ /=i.= /ill make a.=ievin$ it! (N2006 en !tren$t= tar$et e3tremel% iffi.'lt. Alt=o'$= Arm% National G'ar en !tren$t= i! no/ 109 !=ort of it! a't=oriMe level of 3509@ in t=e +a!t fe/ mont=! in.rea!e re.r'itin$ an retention effort! =ave 1e$'n to narro/ t=i! $a+. 0art of t=e +ro1lem =ere i! t=at +eo+le leavin$ t=e a.tive 't% militar% are no lon$er !i$nin$ '+ for t=e G'ar an Re!erve! in t=e n'm1er! t=at t=e% =ave in t=e +a!t. *ome are 1ein$ +revente from leavin$ t=e a.tive Arm% 1% H!to+ lo!!I or er!. 4t=er! are .=oo!in$ to !ta% in t=e a.tive for.e. *till ot=er!@ on.e t=e% $et o't@ o not /ant to ri!k 1ein$ e+lo%e a$ain a! a re!ervi!t. A! a re!'lt@ t=e Arm% G'ar an Re!erve! =ave fe/er H+rior !ervi.eI +er!onnel an are no/ in ire.t .om+etition /it= t=e a.tive Arm% for ne/ re.r'it!.

Aac( of recruitin) means can6t fill combat bri)ades completely National Security Advisory *roup% =an3 !""/ AH5=e :* 6ilitar%B :n er *train an at Ri!kI
=tt+B""///.$lo1al!e.'rit%.or$"militar%"li1rar%"re+ort"2006"'!-militar%Qn!a$-re+ortQ01252006.+ fC 7f re.r'itin$ tren ! o not im+rove over t=e ne3t %ear@ t=e Arm% ) 1ot= a.tive an re!erve ) /ill e3+erien.e $reat iffi.'lt% f'll% mannin$ it! +lanne for.e !tr'.t're an +rovi in$ t=e nee e rotation 1a!e for o+eration! in 7ra8 an Af$=ani!tan. A %ear from no/@ t=e .om1ination of fe/er t=an nee e re.r'it! an fe/er t=an nee e reenli!tment! in t=e O'nior $ra e! .o'l re!'lt in a !i$nifi.ant H=ollo/in$I an im1alan.e in t=e Arm%@ 1ot= a.tive an re!erve. -a!e on DoD<! mont=l% man+o/er re+ort 1% $ra e@ t=e Arm% alrea % =a! a efi.it of !ome 18@000 +er!onnel in it! O'nior enli!te $ra e! A21-24C. 2ven if it meet! it! re.r'itin$ an retention $oal!@ t=e Arm% i! +roOe.te to 1e !=ort !ome 30@000 !ol ier! Anot in.l' in$ !to+ lo!!C 1% t=e en of (N2006.11 *'.= a !=ortfall /o'l for.e t=e Arm% to .anni1aliMe !ome 'nit! in or er to f'll% man ot=er! to e+lo%. 5=i! /o'l ne$ativel% im+a.t not onl% t=e .o=e!ion of t=e 'nit! e+lo%in$ 1't al!o t=e rea ine!! an '!a1ilit% of t=o!e left at =ome. 7t /o'l al!o e3a.er1ate !train! on +er!onnel +'lle from re.entl% ret'rne 'nit! an rea!!i$ne to fill o't e+lo%in$ one!. *'.= man+o/er !=ortfall! /ill al!o Oeo+ar iMe a!+e.t! of t=e Arm%<! +lan to tran!form it! ivi!ion-1a!e !tr'.t're into mo 'lar 1ri$a e .om1at team! ) t=e Arm% ma% !im+l% not =ave eno'$= +eo+le to +o+'late it! +lanne for.e !tr'.t're. 5=e!e fa.tor! /ill .reate tremen o'! internal +re!!'re! to re e+lo% a itional :.*. for.e! from 7ra8 1% ne3t !+rin$@ /=atever t=e .on ition! on t=e $ro'n ma% 1e.

25

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$eadiness Ao- No- $etention ?Bt3

Army has retention problems stop loss s(e-s the data National Security Advisory *roup% =an3 !""/ AH5=e :* 6ilitar%B :n er *train an at Ri!kI
=tt+B""///.$lo1al!e.'rit%.or$"militar%"li1rar%"re+ort"2006"'!-militar%Qn!a$-re+ortQ01252006.+ fC 5=e Arm% an 6arine Cor+! are meetin$ t=eir overall retention an attrition $oal!@ for t=e moment@ 1't !ome fear t=at a retention .ri!i! ma% 1e loomin$ for t=e Arm%. 5=e $oo ne/! i! t=at t=e Arm%@ Arm% National G'ar an 6arine Cor+! are !till meetin$ t=eir overall retention"attrition tar$et!@ t=ank! in lar$e +art to t=e /illin$ne!! of %o'n$ +atriot! to en 're a itional an$er@ =ar !=i+ an time a/a% from =ome /=en t=eir .o'ntr% .all!. #o/ever@ t=e a mini!tration<! '!e of H!to+ lo!!I or er! to kee+ mem1er! in !ervi.e 1e%on t=eir ori$inal .ommitment =a! !ke/e t=e ata on retention !ome/=at an effe.tivel% =i en $ro/in$ +er!onnel efi.it!@ +arti.'larl% in t=e Arm%.9 *o =a! t=e +ra.ti.e of amal$amatin$ retention rate! for ifferent +art! of t=e for.e into a !in$le fi$'re. (or e3am+le@ /=ile t=e Arm% Re!erve an Arm% National G'ar e3.ee e t=eir retention $oal! for .areeri!t!@ t=e% fell !'1!tantiall% !=ort of t=eir $oal! for t=o!e e.i in$ /=et=er to rene/ t=eir .ommitment for t=e fir!t time@ .reatin$ t=e +otential for lon$-term im1alan.e! in t=e for.e. 7n a ition@ /e are =avin$ tro'1le kee+in$ !ome of o'r mo!t =i$=l% !kille +eo+le in t=e for.e. 5=e -'!= a mini!tration<! e.i!ion to '!e lar$e n'm1er! of +rivate .ontra.tor! on t=e 1attlefiel in 7ra8 =a! =a t=e +erver!e effe.t of in.entiviMin$ =i$=l% traine *+e.ial 4+eration! (or.e! +er!onnel to leave t=e arme for.e! in or er to /ork a! .ontra.tor! for m'.= =i$=er +a%. :nfort'natel%@ ot=er in i.ator! !'$$e!t a maOor retention .ri!i! ma% 1e on t=e =oriMon. -et/een 2001 an 2004@ ivor.e rate! amon$ a.tive 't% Arm% offi.er! tri+le @ an rate! amon$ Arm% enli!te !ol ier! $re/ 1% 50W a! e+lo%ment! len$t=ene an in.rea!e in fre8'en.%. Alt=o'$= t=e!e ivor.e rate! =ave 1e$'n to e.line in t=e +a!t %ear@ t=e% 'n er!.ore t=e !everit% of t=e !train! on a.tive 't% +er!onnel an t=eir familie!. *imilarl%@ t=e in.i en.e of ome!ti. violen.e in.rea!e over t=e !ame +erio . 5=e!e an ot=er /arnin$ !i$n! =ave .a'!e !ome .omman er! to fear t=at +er!onnel /=o /ere /illin$ to 'n ertake !'..e!!ive e+lo%ment! a! +art of a H!'r$eI ma% not 1e /illin$ to !'!tain t=i! tem+o of o+eration! over t=e lon$ term 'e to t=e a ver!e im+a.t! on t=eir familie!.

26

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$eadiness Ao- No- Op ;empo ?Bt3

Current op&tempo -ill destroy readiness National Security Advisory *roup% =an3 !""/ AH5=e :* 6ilitar%B :n er *train an at Ri!kI
=tt+B""///.$lo1al!e.'rit%.or$"militar%"li1rar%"re+ort"2006"'!-militar%Qn!a$-re+ortQ01252006.+ fC 5=e Arm% an t=e 6arine Cor+! .annot !'!tain to a%<! o+erational tem+o in efinitel% /it=o't oin$ ama$e to t=eir for.e!. 5o a%<! tem+o of o+eration! i! /ell a1ove /=at t=e Arm% 1elieve! it .an mana$e over t=e lon$ term. Arm% +er!onnel mana$ement +oli.ie! $enerall% aim for at lea!t t/o %ear! at =ome 1et/een e+lo%ment! for a.tive 't% +er!onnel an mo1iliMation no more t=an on.e ever% five to !i3 %ear! for G'ar an re!erve +er!onnel. 5=i! i! t=e tem+o t=at t=e Arm% 1elieve! it .an !'!tain for lon$ +erio ! of time /it=o't lo!in$ +er!onnel. -'t t=e Arm% .annot !'!tain it! .'rrent e+lo%ment level! 1e%on 2006 /it=o't eit=er !en in$ a.tive 't% for.e! 1a.k to 7ra8 /it= le!! t=an t/o %ear!< re!t@ re-mo1iliMin$ re!ervi!t!@ or 1'il in$ a itional ne/ 1ri$a e!. At t=e moment@ none of t=e!e o+tion! a++ear! via1le. *imilarl%@ t=e 6arine Cor+! .an tem+oraril% !'r$e to t/o e+lo%ment! +er t=ree-%ear rotation .%.le@ 1't it .annot !'!tain t=i! tem+o in efinitel%. ;=en +er!onnel are e+lo%e for lon$ to'r! /it= $reat fre8'en.%@ it 1e.ome! e3.ee in$l% iffi.'lt to re.r'it =i$= 8'alit% vol'nteer! into t=e for.e an to kee+ t=e 1e!t 8'alit% +er!onnel from leavin$ t=e for.e.

27

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Military Officer Statements

Can6t trust the don6t -ant to appear -ea( to the insur)ents Ro1ert urns@ A0 militar% /riter@ Pan 24@ !""/ A=tt+B""///.1reit1art..om"ne/!"2006"01"24"D8(--NG98.=tmlC
9re+inevi.=D! anal%!i!@ /=ile .on!i!tent /it= t=e .on.l'!ion! of !ome o't!i e t=e -'!= a mini!tration@ i! in !tark .ontra!t /it= t=e +'1li. !tatement! of Defen!e *e.retar% Donal #. R'm!fel an !enior Arm% offi.ial!. Arm% *e.retar% (ran.i! #arve%@ for e3am+le@ o+ene a 0enta$on ne/! .onferen.e la!t /eek 1% en%in$ t=e Arm% /a! in tro'1le. F5o a%D! Arm% i! t=e mo!t .a+a1le@ 1e!t-traine @ 1e!t-e8'i++e an mo!t e3+erien.e for.e o'r nation =a! fiel e in /ell over a e.a e@F =e !ai @ a in$ t=at re.r'itin$ =a! +i.ke '+. R'm!fel =a! ar$'e t=at t=e e3+erien.e of fi$=tin$ in 7ra8 an Af$=ani!tan =a! ma e t=e Arm% !tron$er@ not /eaker. F5=e Arm% i! +ro1a1l% a! !tron$ an .a+a1le a! it ever =a! 1een in t=e =i!tor% of t=i! .o'ntr%@F =e !ai in an a++earan.e at t=e 0a'l #. NitMe *.=ool of A van.e 7nternational *t' ie! in ;a!=in$ton on De.. 5. F5=e% are more e3+erien.e @ more .a+a1le@ 1etter e8'i++e t=an ever 1efore.F 9re+inevi.= !ai in t=e intervie/ t=at =e 'n er!tan ! /=% 0enta$on offi.ial! o not !tate +'1li.l% t=at t=e% are 1ein$ for.e to re '.e troo+ level! in 7ra8 1e.a'!e of !tre!! on t=e Arm%. F5=at $ive! too m'.= en.o'ra$ement to t=e enem%@F =e !ai @ even if a n'm1er of !i$n!@ !'.= a! a re.r'itin$ !l'm+@ +oint in t=at ire.tion.

28

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Ira' is ;emporary

$eadiness lo- no- Ira' J )enerational 0eter einert% et3 al3% 0roOe.t for a Ne/ Ameri.an Cent'r%@ !""+ AH,etter to Con$re!! on 7n.rea!in$ :* Gro'n (or.e!@
=tt+B""///.ne/ameri.an.ent'r%.or$" efen!e-20050128.=tmC 5=ere i! a1'n ant evi en.e t=at t=e eman ! of t=e on$oin$ mi!!ion! in t=e $reater 6i le 2a!t@ alon$ /it= o'r .ontin'in$ efen!e an allian.e .ommitment! el!e/=ere in t=e /orl @ are .lo!e to e3=a'!tin$ .'rrent :.*. $ro'n for.e!. (or e3am+le@ O'!t late la!t mont=@ ,ie'tenant General Pame! #elml%@ .=ief of t=e Arm% Re!erve@ re+orte t=at Fover'!eF in 7ra8 an Af$=ani!tan .o'l 1e lea in$ to a F1roken for.e.F Net after almo!t t/o %ear! in 7ra8 an almo!t t=ree %ear! in Af$=ani!tan@ it !=o'l 1e evi ent t=at o'r en$a$ement in t=e $reater 6i le 2a!t i! tr'l%@ in Con oleeMMa Ri.eD! term@ a F$enerational .ommitment.F 5=e onl% /a% to f'lfill t=e militar% a!+e.t of t=i! .ommitment i! 1% in.rea!in$ t=e !iMe of t=e for.e availa1le to o'r .ivilian lea er!=i+. 5=e a mini!tration =a! 1een rel'.tant to a a+t to t=i! ne/ realit%. ;e 'n er!tan t=e an$er! of .ontin'e fe eral efi.it!@ an t=e fi!.al iffi.'lt% of in.rea!in$ t=e n'm1er of troo+!. -'t t=e efen!e of t=e :nite *tate! i! t=e fir!t +riorit% of t=e $overnment. 5=i! nation .an affor a ro1'!t efen!e +o!t're alon$ /it= a !tron$ fi!.al +o!t're. An /e .an affor 1ot= t=e ne.e!!ar% n'm1er of $ro'n troo+! an /=at i! nee e for tran!formation of t=e militar%. 7n !'mB ;e .an affor t=e militar% /e nee . A! a nation@ /e are !+en in$ a !maller +er.enta$e of o'r GD0 on t=e militar% t=an at an% time 'rin$ t=e Col ;ar. ;e o not +ro+o!e ret'rnin$ to a Col ;ar-!iMe or !=a+e for.e !tr'.t're. ;e o in!i!t t=at /e a.t re!+on!i1l% to .reate t=e militar% /e nee to fi$=t t=e /ar on terror an f'lfill o'r ot=er re!+on!i1ilitie! aro'n t=e /orl .

29

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Army <iBin) It No7on6t -or( core indicators li(e recruitin) can6t be fiBed 7ashin)ton ,ost% 3"19"!""+ 8H5/o Near! ,ater@ 7ra8 ;ar Drain! 6ilitar%I =tt+B""///./a!=in$ton+o!t..om"/+%n"arti.le!"A48306-20056ar18.=tmlC 6oreover@ militar% lea er! are takin$ !te+! to ea!e !tre!! on t=e troo+! 1% tem+oraril% 1oo!tin$ rank!L re1alan.in$ for.e! to a 1a l% nee e infantr%@ militar% +oli.e an .ivil affair! troo+!L an em+lo%in$ .ivilian! /=ere +o!!i1le. Ne!ter a%@ efen!e offi.ial! /orrie a1o't re.r'itin$ anno'n.e t=at t=e% /ill rai!e t=e a$e limit@ from 34 to 40@ for enli!tment in t=e Arm% G'ar an Re!erve. 5=e 0enta$on i! !+en in$ 1illion! to re+air an re+la.e 1attle-/orn e8'i+ment an 1'% e3tra armor@ ra io!@ /ea+on! an ot=er $ear. Net !'.= reme ie! take time@ an no one@ in.l' in$ !enior offi.ial!@ .an +re i.t =o/ lon$ t=e all-vol'nteer for.e .an !'!tain t=i! a..elerate /artime +a.e. Re.r'itin$ tro'1le!@ e!+e.iall%@ t=reaten t=e for.e at it! .ore. -'t /it= a ret'rn to t=e raft /i el% vie/e a! e.onomi.all% an +oliti.all% 'ntena1le@ !enior militar% lea er! !a% t=e nationD! !e.'rit% e+en ! on r'mmin$ '+ 1roa er +'1li. !'++ort for !ervi.e.

30

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft Solves $eadiness

Draft creates psycholo)ical conditions necessary to carry out -ar on terror 2ri.k Sta(elbec(@ Oo'rnali!t@ 1"9"!""4 A=tt+B""///.front+a$ema$..om"Arti.le!"Rea Arti.le.a!+K7D>5397C
,ittle !e+arate! t=e +re.ario'! +o!ition in /=i.= t=e :.*. +re!entl% fin ! it!elf from t=at of 7!rael@ a nation t=at =a! 1een in a +er+et'al !tate of /ar t=ro'$=o't it! fift%-five %ear e3i!ten.e. 5=e ifferen.e i! t=at a! a .o'ntr%@ 7!rael i! far 1etter !'ite +!%.=olo$i.all% for .ontin'o'! .onfli.t 'e to it! +oli.% of man ator% militar% !ervi.e At=ree %ear! for men over 18@ 18-21 mont=! for /omenC. Con!.ri+tion =a! 'n o'1te l% +la%e a vital role in n'rt'rin$ t=e fi$=tin$ !+irit !o often !=o/n 1% t=e 7!raeli! in t=e fa.e of over/=elmin$ o !. *imilarl%@ Ameri.a<! .'rrent .=allen$e! re8'ire a .olle.tive attit' e t=at i! le!! At=en! an more *+arta@ not in a !en!e of initiatin$ or !eekin$ o't .onfli.t!@ 1't in 1ein$ +re+are to eal /it= t=em e.i!ivel% !=o'l t=e% ari!e . A!k an% 2n$lan er /=o live t=ro'$= t=e -attle of -ritainE=ar time! .all for =ar ene +eo+le.

Draft is critical to ensure ade'uate number of troops 0=illi+ Carter% attorne% an former Arm% .a+tain@ /riter for 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% and 0a'l *lastris i! t=e e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@ March !""+ AH5=e Ca!e for t=e DraftI
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2005"0503..arter.=tmlJ1%lineC -'t t=ereD! a ee+er +ro1lem@ one t=at an% +re!i ent /=o .=o!e to inva e a .o'ntr% t=e !iMe of 7ra8 /o'l =ave fa.e . 7n !=ort@ Ameri.aD! all-vol'nteer militar% !im+l% .annot e+lo% an !'!tain eno'$= troo+! to !'..ee in +la.e! like 7ra8 /=ile !till eterrin$ t=reat! el!e/=ere in t=e /orl . *im+l% a in$ more !ol ier! to t=e a.tive 't% for.e@ a! !ome in ;a!=in$ton are no/ !'$$e!tin$@ ma% !o'n like a $oo !ol'tion. -'t itD! not@ for !o'n o+erational an +ra$mati. rea!on!. Ameri.a oe!nDt nee a 1i$$er !tan in$ arm%L it nee ! a ee+ 1en.= of traine !ol ier! =el in re!erve /=o .an 1e mo1iliMe to =an le t=e 'n+re i.ta1le 1't inevita1le /ar! an ='manitarian intervention! of t=e f't're. An /=ile t=ere are !everal /a%! t=e all-vol'nteer for.e .an .reate !ome e3tra !'r$e .a+a.it%@ all of t=em are limite . ;he only effective solution to t=e man+o/er .r'n.= i! t=e one Ameri.a =a! t'rne to a$ain an a$ain in it! =i!tor%B the draft. Not t=e ma!! .om1at mo1iliMation! of ;orl ;ar 77@ nor t=e ine8'ita1le .on!.ri+tion of &ietnamEfor O'!t a! t=reat! .=an$e an /arfi$=tin$ a van.e!@ !o too m'!t t=e raft. A mo erniMe raft /o'l eman t=at t=e +rivile$e +arti.i+ate. 7t /o'l $ive all /=o !erve a .=oi.e over =o/ t=e% !erve. An it /o'l +rovi e t=e militar%@ on a HO'!t in timeI 1a!i!@ lar$e n'm1er! of e+lo%a1le $ro'n troo+!@ +arti.'larl% t=e +ea.ekee+er! /eDll nee to meet t=e !e.'rit% .=allen$e! of t=e 21!t .ent'r%. Ameri.a =a! a .=oi.e. 7t .an 1e t=e /orl D! !'+er+o/er@ or it .an maintain t=e .'rrent all-vol'nteer militar%@ 1't it +ro1a1l% .anDt o 1ot=.

31

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 0ey to 5e)emony

Ability to have massive troop deployments (ey to 2S he)emony all volunteer force fails 0=illi+ Carter% attorne% an former Arm% .a+tain@ /riter for 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% and 0a'l *lastris i! t=e e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@ March !""+ AH5=e Ca!e for t=e DraftI
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2005"0503..arter.=tmlJ1%lineC *tre!! te!t 2ver% 20 %ear! or !o for t=e +a!t .ent'r%@ Ameri.a =a! fo'n it ne.e!!ar%@ for national !e.'rit% rea!on!@ to !en at lea!t =alf a million troo+! over!ea! into =armD! /a%@ an to kee+ t=em t=ere for %ear! at a time. 7t i !o in ;orl ;ar 7@ !en in$ 4.1 million o'$=1o%! an 6arine! to 2'ro+e. 7n ;orl ;ar 77@ it mo1iliMe 16 million for t=e /ar effort. Ameri.a !ent more t=an 3 million $r'nt! to fi$=t in 9orea a$ain!t t=e Nort= 9orean! an C=ine!e@ in t=e fir!t =ot /ar of t=e Col ;ar. 7t rotate 5.1 million !ol ier! an 6arine! t=ro'$= &ietnam over a e.a e@ /it= 543@400 !tatione t=ere at t=e =ei$=t of t=at /ar in A+ril 1969. An more re.entl%@ Ameri.a !ent 550@000 $ro'n troo+! to eOe.t *a amD! for.e! from 9'/ait@ a! +art of a $ro'n for.e /=i.= totale 831@500 /it= allie .ontri1'tion! from oMen! of nation!. Alon$ t=e /a%@ t=e :nite *tate! militar% !im'ltaneo'!l% fo'$=t !mall /ar! in Gree.e@ ,e1anon@ 2l *alva or@ *omalia@ #aiti@ -o!nia@ an 9o!ovo@ re8'irin$ t=e .ommitment of t=o'!an ! more. 5=i! a1ilit% to e+lo% lar$e n'm1er! of troo+! over!ea! for lon$ +erio ! of time =a! 1een t=e +ri.e of Ameri.aD! !'+er+o/er !tat'! E/=at 0re!i ent Po=n 9enne % all' e to in =i! ina'$'ral a re!! /=en =e !ai Ameri.a /o'l 1ear an% 1'r en to a!!'re t=e !'rvival an t=e !'..e!! of li1ert%. 5=ereD! no rea!on to t=ink t=at Ameri.a /ill 1e e3em+t from +a%in$ t=at +ri.e in t=e f't're. 2ven t=o!e /=o onDt !'++ort t=e -'!= +oli.% of '!in$ 'nilateral for.e to emo.ratiMe t=e 6i le 2a!t Aan /e onDtC@ an /=o +refer to /ork t=ro'$= militar% allian.e! /=enever +o!!i1le Aan /e oC@ !=o'l 'n er!tan t=e nee to in.rea!e Ameri.an troo+ !tren$t=. 5=e international .omm'nit% faile to a.t in R/an a lar$el% 1e.a'!e t=e :nite *tate! .=o!e not to !en troo+!L o'r NA54 allie! !ent !ol ier! into -o!nia an 9o!ovo onl% 1e.a'!e /e +'t !'1!tantial n'm1er! of o'r! in@ too. 5=e !ame /ill =ol tr'e for O'!t a1o't an% ot=er maOor /ar or ='manitarian intervention in t=e f't're. ;=at /eDre in.rea!in$l% learnin$ from 7ra8 i! t=at t=e all-vol'nteer for.e@ a! +re!entl% 1'ilt@ .annot o t=atEin ee @ it /a! .on!.io'!l% e!i$ne to 1e in.a+a1le of !'.= e+lo%ment!. 5o a%D! for.e /a! 1'ilt for +re.i!el% t=e kin ! of /ar! t=at Ca!+ar ;ein1er$er an Colin 0o/ell envi!ione in t=eir o.trine!B /ar! /it= e3+li.it +'r+o!e!@ narro/ +arameter!@ an .lear e3it !trate$ie!. 7n ot=er /or !@ it /a! 1'ilt for t=e kin ! of /ar! t=e militar% +refer! to fi$=t@ not ne.e!!aril% t=e kin ! of /ar! /e =ave@ a! a nation@ =i!tori.all% fo'$=t.
5=e evol'tion of t=i! for.e o/e! m'.= to &ietnam. After t=at /ar en e @ t=e nationD! !enior $eneral! evi!e a militar% !tr'.t're .alle t=e Htotal for.eI .on.e+t to .ir.'mvent t/o of t=e $reat moral =aMar ! t=e% i entifie /it= &ietnamB t=e fail're to mo1iliMe t=e nation@ /it= all of it! !trata an !e$ment!@ for t=e /arL an t=e relian.e on %o'n$ Ameri.an .on!.ri+t!@ /=o /ere .oer.e 1% t=e !tate to kill or 1e kille . &ietnam =a 1een fo'$=t almo!t entirel% 1% a.tive- 't% vol'nteer! an .on!.ri+t!. A $reat n'm1er of %o'n$ men@ in.l' in$ man% from t=e nationD! +rivile$e .la!!e!@ !o'$=t ref'$e in t=e re!erve! a! a /a% o't of 't% in &ietnam. 5=e total for.e .on.e+t entaile @ fir!t of all@ t=e !+littin$ of ke% /ar-fi$=tin$ an !'++ort f'n.tion!. #en.efort=@ a.tive- 't% troo+! /o'l +erform nearl% all t=e tra itional .om1at role!L re!ervi!t! /o'l +rovi e mo!t of t=e !'++ort f'n.tion!@ !'.= a! lo$i!ti.! an militar% +oli.in$. 5=i! en!'re t=at f't're /ar! .o'l not 1e fo'$=t /it=o't t=e =eav% involvement of t=e re!erve!. Arm% Gen. Crei$=ton A1ram! an ot=er lea er! felt t=at t=i! /o'l 1e a .=e.k on t=e +o/er of +re!i ent! to $o to /ar 1e.a'!e ma!! re!erve .all-'+! t%+i.all% re8'ire a $reat eal of +oliti.al .a+ital.

*e.on @ 0enta$on lea er! re+la.e t=e .on!.ri+te militar% /it= an all-vol'nteer for.e t=at /o'l re.r'it enli!tee! /it= +a% an 1enefit! like t=e .ivilian /orl . 5=i! all-vol'nteer mo el@ t=e% 1elieve @ /o'l im+rove morale for t=e !im+le rea!on t=at all !ol ier! /o'l 1e in t=e !ervi.e 1% .=oi.e. 7t /o'l al!o im+rove militar% effe.tivene!! 1e.a'!e if !ol ier! .o'l 1e l're to !ta% lon$er 1% reenli!tin$@ t=e% .o'l a.8'ire =i$=er level! of !kill. 5=e mantra of t=e ne/ militar% 1e.ame H!en a 1'llet@ not a manIL t=e mo ern Ameri.an militar% .ame to em1ra.e +re.i!ion fire+o/er over man+o/er in /=at =i!torian R'!!ell ;ei$le% .alle t=e HAmeri.an /a% of /ar.I
5=i! all-vol'nteer militar% ma e $oo on nearl% all t=e!e +romi!e!. After a ro'$= +erio in t=e late 1970!@ t=e :.*. militar% emer$e a leaner@ 1etter for.e in t=e 1980!@ +rovin$ it!elf in t=e !mall /ar! of t=at e.a eEGrena a@ ,i1%a@ an 0anama. 5=en .ame t=e fir!t G'lf ;arEt=e a+ot=e!i! of t=e all-vol'nteer@ total for.e mo el. Comin$ off t=e Col ;ar@ t=e Arm% =a 18 ivi!ion! on a.tive 't%@ in .om+ari!on to 10 to a%@ an =a little in t=e /a% of a +re!!in$ .ommi!!ion /it= t=e imminent .olla+!e of t=e *oviet :nion. -% mo1iliMin$ !even of t=e!e Arm% ivi!ion! an t/o 6arine ivi!ion!@ in a ition to t=e re!erve! an rea % re!erve!@ militar% lea er! /ere a1le to !en =alf a million troo+! to t=e *a' i e!ert. -'t 1e.a'!e t=at /ar la!te O'!t mont=!@ lar$el% 'e to :.*. rel'.tan.e to inva e an o..'+% 7ra8@ t=e !%!tem /orke . A.tive- 't% !ol ier! e+lo%e for le!! t=an a %ear@ /it=o't fear of imme iatel% 1ein$ !ent 1a.k to fi$=tL re!ervi!t! /ere !imilarl% ta++e O'!t on.e. De!ert *torm i not 1reak t=e allvol'nteer for.e 1e.a'!e t=at /ar /a! +re.i!el% t=e kin t=at t=e for.e =a 1een e!i$ne to fi$=tB a limite .am+ai$n for limite en !@ of limite 'ration@ an /it= a efine e3it !trate$%.

:nfort'natel%@ national !e.'rit% t=reat! onDt al/a%! .onform to t=e militar%D! +re.i!e !+e.ifi.ation!. 5=e 1990! 1ro'$=t t/o /ar!@ in -o!nia an 9o!ovo@ re8'irin$ t=e lon$-term .ommitment of :.*. troo+! for +ea.ekee+in$. 5=e!e /ere relativel% mo e!t-!iMe e+lo%ment!. Net t=e militar% lea er!=i+ .om+laine t=at t=e% +'t 'n o !tre!! on t=e !%!tem@ an @ in ee @ t=en-Gov. Geor$e -'!= lam1a!te t=e Clinton a mini!tration in 2000 for t=e /a% it mana$e militar% rea ine!!@ .=ar$in$ t=at t=e 9o!ovo /ar +'t t/o of t=e Arm%D! 10 ivi!ion! o't of a.tion@ ='rtin$ t=e nationD! a1ilit% to re!+on to t=reat! a1roa . 7n t=e /ake of *e+tem1er 11@ t=e :.*. militar% mo1iliMe ten! of t=o'!an ! of re!ervi!t! for =omelan !e.'rit% an !ent t=o'!an ! of elite infantr%men an !+e.ial for.e! into t=e mo'ntain! of Af$=ani!tanL neit=er mi!!ion .onforme to t=e mo el of +a!t /ar!.

32

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 0ey to ,atriotism

Draft (ey to patriotism and sense of community 2ri.k Sta(elbec(@ Oo'rnali!t@ 1"9"!""4 A=tt+B""///.front+a$ema$..om"Arti.le!"Rea Arti.le.a!+K7D>5397C
5=at !ai @ 7 on<t /i!= for em+ire an 1elieve +reem+tive militar% !trike! !=o'l onl% 1e '!e in e!+erate .ir.'m!tan.e! Aironi.all%@ like t=e one! +re!ente in 7ra8 an Nort= 9orea ri$=t no/C. 7< 1e t=rille if t=e =o!t of .ri!e! /e<re fa.in$ .o'l 1e /orke o't i+lomati.all%@ 1't t=e =ar!= realit% i! t=at Ameri.a nee ! to to'$=en '+ an 8'i.k@ 1e.a'!e /e<re !tarin$ at /=at .o'l 1e e.a e! of 'n.ertaint% an !trife. 5=e lo$i.al !ol'tion to t=i! i! man ator% national !ervi.e for ever% a1le-1o ie %o'n$ Ameri.an Ain.l' in$ t=o!e atten in$ .olle$eC in or er to fo!ter +re+are ne!!@ !oli arit% an love of .o'ntr%. 4f .o'r!e@ one /o'l =o+e t=at !'.= 8'alitie! are in=erent in ever% Ameri.an@ re$ar le!! of /=et=er t=e% !erve in t=e militar%. -'t t=ank! to ma!!ive immi$ration@ a e.a ent +o+'lar .'lt're@ a relentle!!l% li1eral ma!! me ia an t=e virt'al ,efti!t in o.trination .am+! t=at o'r +'1li. !.=ool! an 'niver!itie! =ave 1e.ome@ t=e :nite *tate! to a% feel! more like a loo!e affiliation of !+e.ial intere!t $ro'+! t=an an a.t'al@ 'nifie nation. A $oo e3am+le of =o/ far o'r national fa1ri. =a! 'nravele .an 1e fo'n in a !tor% m% fat=er !=are /it= me re.entl% a1o't =i! a . ;=en ;orl ;ar 77 1roke o't@ m% $ran fat=er /a! t/ent%-ei$=t %ear! ol an marrie @ /it= a a'$=ter@ a e.ent Oo1 an a ti % =ome in a /orkin$-.la!! 0=ila el+=ia nei$=1or=oo . 5=i! .omforta1le e3i!ten.e /a! !=attere on De.em1er 7 t=@ 1941 /=en@ a! =e lie on t=e .o'.= li!tenin$ to a foot1all $ame@ ne/! 1roke in t=at Pa+an =a 1om1e 0earl #ar1or. 5=e /or ! /ere 1arel% o't of t=e anno'n.er<! mo't= 1efore m% $ran fat=er@ t=e !on of German immi$rant!@ /a! at t=e lo.al re.r'itment offi.e enli!tin$ in t=e arm%. #e en e '+ fi$=tin$ t=e Pa+ane!e in -'rma@ a +la.e /it= !ome of t=e mo!t =elli!= O'n$le! on eart=@ an .olle.te a 0'r+le #eart for =i! tro'1le!. ;=en one =ear! a !tor% like t=i!@ t=e 1rief +erio of fla$-/avin$ t=at follo/e 9"11 !eem! min'!.'le in .om+ari!on. #o/ man% %o'n$ men Am%!elf in.l' e C /=o /at.=e t=e ;orl 5ra e Center 1'il in$! .olla+!e =o++e '+ from t=eir .o'.=e! in a +atrioti. fervor an vol'nteere to fi$=t for t=eir .o'ntr%K (ar too fe/@ 7<m afrai @ for t=e time /=en Ameri.a /a! !till an inten!el% +ro' re+'1li. fille /it= to'$=-min e %o'n$ +eo+le =a! lon$ !in.e +a!!e .

33

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft Solves 2nnecessary 7ars

,oliticians lac( of military eBperience causes poor decision&ma(in) -arr% Strauss@ +rofe!!or =i!tor%".la!!i.! Cornell :niver!it%@ P'ne 22@ !""4 AHRefle.tion! on t=e .itiMen-!ol ier@I 0arameter! &ol. 33@
No. 2C (e/ of t=e +oliti.ian! /=o =ave to make e.i!ion! a1o't /ar an +ea.e a.t'all% =ave t=e e3+erien.e of militar% !ervi.e. 5=e +oliti.ian!D relative i$noran.e i! ma e /or!e 1% a $eneration-lon$ tren in t=e Ameri.an intelle.t'al elite a/a% from militar% !t' ie!. ('rt=ermore@ alt=o'$= t=e vol'nteer for.e i! 1% an lar$e re+re!entative of t=e Ameri.an +'1li. in term! of ra.e an .la!!@ it i! lo+!i e l% .on!ervative in +oliti.! an reli$ion. All t=in$! .on!i ere @ it /o'l 1e 1etter to =ave a more re+re!entative militar%.

shared sacrifice instills appreciation for conse'uences of -ar C=arle! -. $an)el@ Demo.rati. re+re!entative from N.N.@ 12-31-!""! ANe/ Nork 5ime!@ H-rin$ -a.k t=e DraftIC
-'t a! a .om1at veteran of t=e 9orean .onfli.t@ 7 1elieve t=at if /e are $oin$ to !en o'r .=il ren to /ar@ t=e $overnin$ +rin.i+le m'!t 1e t=at of !=are !a.rifi.e. 5=ro'$=o't m'.= of o'r =i!tor%@ Ameri.an! =ave 1een a!ke to !=o'l er t=e 1'r en of /ar e8'all%. 5=atD! /=% 7 /ill a!k Con$re!! ne3t /eek to .on!i er an !'++ort le$i!lation 7 /ill intro '.e to re!'me t=e militar% raft. Carr%in$ o't t=e a mini!trationD! +oli.% to/ar 7ra8 /ill re8'ire lon$-term !a.rifi.e! 1% t=e Ameri.an +eo+le@ +arti.'larl% t=o!e /=o =ave !on! an a'$=ter! in t=e militar%. Net t=e Con$re!! t=at vote over/=elmin$l% to allo/ t=e '!e of for.e in 7ra8 in.l' e! onl% one mem1er /=o =a! a .=il in t=e enli!te rank! of t=e militar% -- O'!t a fe/ more =ave .=il ren /=o are offi.er!. 7 1elieve t=at if t=o!e .allin$ for /ar kne/ t=at t=eir .=il ren /ere likel% to 1e re8'ire to !erve -- an to 1e +la.e in =armD! /a% -t=ere /o'l 1e more .a'tion an a $reater /illin$ne!! to /ork /it= t=e international .omm'nit% in ealin$ /it= 7ra8. A rene/e raft /ill =el+ 1rin$ a $reater a++re.iation of t=e .on!e8'en.e! of e.i!ion! to $o to /ar.

Disconnect bet-een decision&ma(ers and service members ma(es -ar more li(ely Atlas% a!!i!tant +rofe!!or +oliti.al !.ien.e 6arian Colle$e in 7n iana+oli!@ Novem1er 17@ !""4 AHDivi!ion! r'n ee+er 1et/een
militar%@ .ivilian!@I 7n iana+oli! *tarC -'t t=e i!!'e $oe! 1e%on +art% +oliti.!. 4ver time@ t=o!e /=o !erve an t=o!e /=o onDt /ill =ave le!! in .ommon /it= ea.= ot=er .'lt'rall% a! /ell a! i eolo$i.all%. 5=e militar% .o'l 1e.ome a +raetorian $'ar of !ort!B not a for.e t=reatenin$ to t=e $overnment@ 1't a for.e alienate from t=e va!t maOorit% of .ivilian! it i! !/orn to +rote.t@ an .omman e 1% .ivilian! /it= no militar% e3+erien.e. A! an ever e.rea!in$ n'm1er of +oliti.al lea er! =ave !on! or a'$=ter! !ervin$ in 'niform@ an a! fe/er of t=em !erve t=em!elve!@ t=ere /ill 1e a $ro/in$ i!.onne.t 1et/een t=o!e /=o fi$=t an t=o!e /=o make t=e e.i!ion for /ar. ;it= Ameri.an militar% te.=nolo$% 1e.omin$ more a..'rate an +otent@ t=e e.i!ion to '!e for.e ma% 1e.ome ea!ier@ all t=e more !o a! +oli.%-maker! /o'l nDt 1e !en in$ t=eir o/n .=il ren into .om1at. An t=e va!t maOorit% of Ameri.an! -- t=o!e /=o o not !erve -/ill not 1e a!ke to make an% !a.rifi.e!. ;ar /ill 1e.ome F+ainle!!F for an in.rea!in$ n'm1er of Ameri.an! /it= no .onne.tion to t=e militar%.

34

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$eadiness 0ey to 5e)emony

$eadiness (ey to 2S leadership $ep3 ;illie <o-ler% 8$&<AK% #@4"@9:
6'.= =a! 1een !ai latel% a1o't militar% rea ine!! an t=at a e8'ate rea ine!! f'n in$ i! a1!ol'tel% e!!ential to !'!tain t=e rea ine!! of o'r arme for.e! an +rote.t Ameri.a<! !e.'rit% intere!t! an $lo1al lea er!=i+. 5=e .ommittee =a! re.entl% =ear from t=e *e.retar% of Defen!e an t=e entire Point C=ief! of *taff em+=a!iMin$ t=e im+ortan.e of f'll o+eration an maintenan.e f'n in$ to maintain rea ine!!. Alt=o'$= 7 em+=ati.all% a$ree t=at rea ine!! m'!t 1e ke+t at t=e =i$=e!t +o!!i1le level@ it i! im+ortant to !tre!! t=at not all of t=e o+eration an maintenan.e 1' $et i! ire.tl% tie to militar% rea ine!!.

$eadiness (ey to he)emony ,roFect on Defense Alternatives% !@+@"1 A=tt+B""///..om/.or$"+ a"01021memo18.=tmlC

Com+lementin$ t=e .=an$e in =o/ /e .al.'late re8'irement! i! a $ro/t= in :* !trate$i. o1Oe.tive!. 5=i! i! evi ent in t=e in.rea!e em+=a!i! on t=e Fenvironment !=a+in$F role of t=e arme for.e!@ a! i!tin.t from it! tra itional f'n.tion! of efen!e@ eterren.e@ an .ri!i! re!+on!e. 2nvironment !=a+in$ involve! '!in$ militar% +o/er in /a%! !=ort of /ar to .=annel !trate$i. evelo+ment! o/n .=o!en +at=!. *=a+in$ a.tivitie! in.l' e militar%-to-militar% .onta.t!@ !ome m'ltinational e3er.i!e!@ militar% a!!i!tan.e +ro$ram!@ an $lo1al militar% +re!en.e. A0ea.ekee+in$ an !ta1ilit% o+eration! mi3 Fenvironment !=a+in$F an .ri!i! re!+on!e $oal!C. 5=e in.rea!e em+=a!i! on environment !=a+in$ entail! an e3+an e role for t=e arme !ervi.e! in t=e .on '.t of :* forei$n +oli.%. An it! !'..e!! i! !'++o!e to e+en on t=e maintenan.e of :* militar% +rima.%. 5'rnin$ to t=e o+erational $oal! of o'r militar%B in.rea!e am1ition! are evi ent in re$ional /ar +lan! t=at !eek to e+lo%@ fi$=t@ an /in m'lti+le maOor .onfli.t! ever fa!ter@ /it= fe/er .a!'altie!@ an a.ro!! an e3+an in$ ran$e of +o!!i1le .ontin$en.ie! an !.enario!. 6ore am1itio'! o+erational $oal! are al!o evi ent in t=e militar%D! in.rea!e relian.e on ne/ form! of !trate$i. /arfare a! +'tative mean! for a.=ievin$ fa!t@ e.i!ive@ lo/-ri!k re!'lt!. 4ne !'.= form i! information /arfare. Anot=er /a! emon!trate in t=e 9o!ovo /arB !tan off +re.i!ion atta.k on =omelan +oliti.al@ e.onomi.@ an .omm'ni.ation! infra!tr'.t're tar$et!. 5=e!e o+erational $oal! !erve a !trate$i. oneB t=e tran!lation of Ameri.aD! +o!t-Col ;ar militar% +rima.% into a '!ef'l lever of infl'en.e. ;=en $lo1al !'+er+o/er .ontention en e @ Ameri.aD! o1vio'! !e.'rit% intere!t! in far-fl'n$ .onfli.t! e.line @ makin$ it more iffi.'lt to 1'il an !'!tain a ome!ti. +oliti.al .on!en!'! favorin$ intervention. An t=e +oliti.al iffi.'ltie! $ro/ +ro+ortionatel% /it= t=e time@ ri!k@ an .a!'altie! a!!o.iate /it= an intervention. 5='!@ t=e 'tilit% of Ameri.aD! +o!t-Col ;ar e $e in militar% +o/er e+en ! on tran!latin$ it into a .a+a.it% for fa!t@ lo/-ri!k o+eration!. AA+art from a.t'all% +'ttin$ !'.= a .a+a1ilit% to '!e@ !im+l% +o!!e!!in$ it /o'l in.rea!e Ameri.aD! infl'en.e a1roa .C

35

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$eadiness 0ey to Conventional Deterrence

$eadiness decline destroys he)emony and conventional deterrence National Security Advisory *roup% =an3 !""/ AH5=e :* 6ilitar%B :n er *train an at Ri!kI
=tt+B""///.$lo1al!e.'rit%.or$"militar%"li1rar%"re+ort"2006"'!-militar%Qn!a$-re+ortQ01252006.+ fC 7n t=e meantime@ t=e :nite *tate! =a! onl% limite $ro'n for.e .a+a1ilit% rea % to re!+on to ot=er .ontin$en.ie!. 5=e a1!en.e of a .re i1le !trate$i. re!erve in o'r $ro'n for.e! in.rea!e! t=e ri!k t=at +otential a ver!arie! /ill 1e tem+te to .=allen$e t=e :nite *tate!. *in.e t=e en of ;orl ;ar 77@ a .ore element of :.*. !trate$% =a! 1een maintainin$ a militar% .a+a1le of eterrin$ an @ if ne.e!!ar%@ efeatin$ a$$re!!ion in more t=an one t=eater at a time. A! a $lo1al +o/er /it= $lo1al intere!t!@ t=e :nite *tate! m'!t 1e a1le to eal /it= .=allen$e! to it! intere!t! in m'lti+le re$ion! of t=e /orl !im'ltaneo'!l%. 5o a%@ =o/ever@ t=e :nite *tate! =a! onl% limite $ro'n for.e .a+a1ilit% rea % to re!+on o't!i e t=e Af$=an an 7ra8i t=eater! of o+eration!. 7f t=e Arm% /ere or ere to !en !i$nifi.ant for.e! to anot=er .ri!i! to a%@ it! onl% o+tion /o'l 1e to e+lo% 'nit! at rea ine!! level! far 1elo/ /=at o+erational +lan! /o'l re8'ire ) in.rea!in$ t=e ri!k to t=e men an /omen 1ein$ !ent into =arm<! /a% an to t=e !'..e!! of t=e mi!!ion. A! !tate rat=er 1lan l% in one DoD +re!entation@ t=e Arm% H.ontin'e! to a..e+t ri!kI in it! a1ilit% to re!+on to .ri!e! on t=e 9orean 0enin!'la an el!e/=ere. Alt=o'$= t=e :nite *tate! .an !till e+lo% air@ naval@ an ot=er more !+e.ialiMe a!!et! to eter or re!+on to a$$re!!ion@ t=e vi!i1le overe3ten!ion of o'r $ro'n for.e! =a! t=e +otential to !i$nifi.antl% /eaken o'r a1ilit% to eter an re!+on to !ome .ontin$en.ie!.

7ithout )round troops our other deterrence capabilities are suspect National Security Advisory *roup% =an3 !""/ AH5=e :* 6ilitar%B :n er *train an at Ri!kI
=tt+B""///.$lo1al!e.'rit%.or$"militar%"li1rar%"re+ort"2006"'!-militar%Qn!a$-re+ortQ01252006.+ fC 7n t=e meantime@ t=e :nite *tate! =a! onl% limite $ro'n for.e .a+a1ilit% rea % to re!+on to ot=er .ontin$en.ie!. 5=e a1!en.e of a .re i1le !trate$i. re!erve in o'r $ro'n for.e! in.rea!e! t=e ri!k t=at +otential a ver!arie! /ill 1e tem+te to .=allen$e t=e :nite *tate!. Alt=o'$= t=e :nite *tate! .an !till e+lo% air@ naval@ an ot=er more !+e.ialiMe a!!et! to eter or re!+on to a$$re!!ion@ t=e vi!i1le overe3ten!ion of o'r $ro'n for.e! .o'l /eaken o'r a1ilit% to eter a$$re!!ion

36

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Conventional Deterrence *ood

Deters a))ression draft can fill in different type of forces Peffre% $ecord% +rofe!!or of !trate$% at t=e Air ;ar Colle$e@ ;inter !""+ AH;=% t=e *tron$ ,o!eI@ 0arameter!@
=tt+B""///..arli!le.arm%.mil"'!a/."0arameter!"05/inter"re.or .=tmC None of t=e fore$oin$ i! to ar$'e a$ain!t .ontin'e .onventional militar% +erfe.tion. :* .onventional militar% +rima.% i! in=erentl% e!ira1le 1e.a'!e it eter! enem% atta.k in kin an effe.tivel% eliminate! .onventional /arfare a! a mean! of !ettlin$ i!+'te! /it= t=e :nite *tate!. 5=e!e are no mean a..om+li!=ment!. Conventional +rima.% al!o ena1le! t=e :nite *tate! to .r'!= t=e .onventionall% /eak an in.om+etent@ like t=e 5ali1an in Af$=ani!tan an t=e -aat=i!t $overnment in 7ra8. 0rima.% @ at lea!t t=e kin !o'$=t 1% 0enta$on tran!formationi!t!@ al!o +ermit! in.rea!in$ !'1!tit'tion of te.=nolo$% for 1loo @ /=i.= in t'rn =a! re '.e :* .a!'alt% rate! to =i!tori. lo/! an ar$'a1l% in.rea!e +'1li. toleran.e for t=e '!e of for.e over!ea! Aa ver% mi3e 1le!!in$@ to 1e !'reC. 5=e !ame +rima.% t=at =a! %iel e .onventional eterren.e@ =o/ever@ =a! +'!=e Ameri.a<! enemie! into $reater relian.e on irre$'lar /arfare re!+on!e! t=at e3+o!e t=e limit! of .onventional +rima.%. 5=e +oli.% 8'e!tion i! not /=et=er t=e :nite *tate! !=o'l .ontin'e to maintain it! .onventional +rima.%@ 1't /=et=er@ $iven t=e evolvin$ !trate$i. environment@ it !=o'l .reate $ro'n Aan !'++ortin$ airC for.e! e i.ate to +erformin$ !ta1ilit% an !'++ort o+eration!@ in.l' in$ .o'nterin!'r$en.%. (or.e! an o.trine o+timiMe for .onventional /arfare an t=e ra+i a++li.ation of inten!e violen.e are =ar l% o+timiMe for t=e .o'nterin!'r$ent mi!!ion@ /=i.= eman ! t=e 'tmo!t re!traint an i!.rimination in t=e a++li.ation of for.e. (ire+o/er i! t=e in!tr'ment of la!t rat=er t=an fir!t re!ort. 5=ere i! no 1i$ enem% to .lo!e /it= an e!tro%@ 1't rat=er t=e +re!en.e of t=reatene .ivilian +o+'lation! t=at m'!t 1e +rote.te in /a%! t=at minimiMe .ollateral ama$e. Conventional $ro'n for.e +re+aration for .o'nterin!'r$en.% re8'ire! maOor o.trinal an trainin$ e+ro$rammin$ of .onventional militar% =a1it! an re+ro$rammin$ /it= t=e alien ta.ti.!@ o.trine!@ an =eav% +oliti.al over!i$=t in=erent in !ta1ilit% an !'++ort o+eration!. Nee le!! to !a%@ for.e! !o re+ro$ramme E.ommonl% man+o/er-inten!ive an relativel% lo/ in fire+o/erE/ill not 1e o+timiMe for 1i$@ =i$=-te.= .onventional .onfli.t!.

37

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; $MA Solves

$MA fails doesn6t match the threats -e face destroys po-er proFection capabilities and superpo-er combat abilities 0=illi+ Carter% attorne% an former Arm% .a+tain@ /riter for 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% and 0a'l *lastris i! t=e e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@ March !""+ AH5=e Ca!e for t=e DraftI
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2005"0503..arter.=tmlJ1%lineC A t=ir +o!!i1ilit% mi$=t 1e to follo/ t=e a vi.e of !everal .'ttin$-e $e militar% reformer! to ra i.all% tran!form to a%D! militar% . A..or in$ to t=e!e reformer!@ to a%D! for.e /a! ra/n '+ for a 1%$one a$e of ma!!e !'+er+o/er armie!L it oe! not refle.t to a%D! t=reat!. 5=e!e vi!ionarie! /o'l o/n!iMe t=e Nav%@ !.ra+ !ome of t=e Arm%D! me.=aniMe ivi!ion!@ an in t=e!e an ot=er /a%! free '+ ten! of t=o'!an ! of troo+! to 1e re e+lo%e into H!ol ier .entri.I 'nit! .a+a1le of oin$ ever%t=in$ alon$ t=e !+e.tr'm from ='manitarian relief in -an a A.e= to .om1at +atrol! in -a$= a . :n er +re!!'re from t=e 7ra8 mi!!ion@ t=e militar% =a! taken !ome !te+! in t=i! ire.tionEfor in!tan.e@ 1% retrainin$ an ree8'i++in$ !ome arm% artiller% an air efen!e 'nit! into militar% +oli.e 'nit!. -'t !'.= move! =ave 1een in.remental in nat're t='! farL t=e tr'e !.o+e of t=e +ro1lem i! or er! of ma$nit' e lar$er t=an t=e 0enta$onD! .'rrent !ol'tion. An !ome a%@ a /ar ma% .ome /=i.= re8'ire! all kin ! of .om1at +o/erEfrom lar$e lan -1a!e formation! to !=i+! .a+a1le of !ailin$ t=ro'$= t=e 5ai/an !trait to le$ion! of +ea.ekee+er!. 5=e militar% .annot 1'il a itional .a+a1ilit% !im+l% 1% +la%in$ a !=ell $ame /it= it! +er!onnelL at !ome +oint@ it m'!t $en'inel% a more !ol ier! too@ an in lar$e n'm1er!.

38

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Spendin)@Cost Increases

No draftees don6t )et paid and don6t need benefits solves cost problems and increases retention of professional soldiers C=arle! Mos(os@ 0rofe!!or of *o.iolo$% at Nort=/e!tern :niver!it% and 0a'l *lastris@ e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% an a !enior fello/ at t=e ;e!tern 0oli.% Center@ Nov3 !""1 AHNo/ Do No' -elieve ;e Nee a DraftI@ ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2001"0111.mo!ko!.$la!tri!.=tmlC Draftee! /o'l not =ave to 1e offere t=e relativel% =i$= /a$e! an 1enefit! t=at it take! to l're vol'ntar% re.r'it! Aan in.rea!in$ n'm1er of /=om are marrie /it= familie!C. 5=i! /o'l leave more f'n ! availa1le to rai!e +a% for t=e kin ! of +er!onnel t=at t=e militar% i! =avin$ a terri1l% =ar time =ol in$ on to@ !'.= a! .om+'ter !+e.iali!t!@ mi -level offi.er!@ an ma!ter !er$eant! . 5o +'t it 1al l%@ /e no/ =ave over+ai re.r'it! an 'n er+ai !er$eant!. 7n t=e raft era@ t=e +a% ratio 1et/een a ma!ter !er$eant an a +rivate /a! !even to oneL to a% it i! le!! t=an t=ree to one. Re!torin$ !omet=in$ like t=e ol 1alan.e i! t=e 1e!t /a% to '+$ra e retention in =ar -to-fill !kill! an lea er!=i+ +o!ition!. All t=e!e ar$'ment! a++l% e8'all% to t=e =omelan !e.'rit% front. 5=ere i! no rea!on /=% .on!.ri+t!@ /it= +rofe!!ional !'+ervi!ion@ .anDt /ork a! 1or er $'ar !@ .'!tom! a$ent!@ ant=ra3 ino.'lator!@ or i!a!ter-relief !+e.iali!t!. (e eral la/ enfor.ement a$en.ie! an 'nion! /ill en% t=i! /it= all t=eir 1'rea'.rati. mi$=t@ 1't itD! tr'e. 7t take! le!! t=an five mont=! to train !omeone to 1e a 1or er $'ar . 5=e (-7 t'rn! a++li.ant! /it= la/ or a..o'ntin$ e$ree! into f'll%-fle $e a$ent! after onl% fo'r mont=! of trainin$.

39

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Draftees Are Ao- S(ill 5urt $eadiness

No Impact and ;urn & lot of lo- s(ill Fobs that need fillin) this also ends up freein) resources for hi)her s(ill missions C=arle! Mos(os@ 0rofe!!or of *o.iolo$% at Nort=/e!tern :niver!it% and 0a'l *lastris@ e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% an a !enior fello/ at t=e ;e!tern 0oli.% Center@ Nov3 !""1 AHNo/ Do No' -elieve ;e Nee a DraftI@ ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2001"0111.mo!ko!.$la!tri!.=tmlC 4ne ar$'ment i! t=at to a%D! militar% re8'ire! +rofe!!ional !ol ier!@ e!+e.iall% for over!ea! mi!!ion. ,etD! leave a!i e t=e fa.t t=at in ;orl ;ar 77@ 9orea@ an &ietnam@ mo!t .om1at !ol ier! =a onl% !i3 mont=! of trainin$ 1efore 1ein$ !ent to /ar. ,etD! al!o $rant t=at 1e.a'!e of to a%D! =i$=-te.= /ea+on! an .om+le3 /ar-fi$=tin$ !trate$ie!@ t=e a.t'al .om1at m'!t 1e left to +rofe!!ional !ol ier! At=o'$= t=ere i! !ome rea!on for !ke+ti.i!m =ereC. *till@ t=ere are ='n re ! of t=o'!an ! of vital militar% Oo1!---not +eelin$ +otatoe!---t=at .o'l 1e fille /it= !=ort-term raftee!. 4ne e3am+le i! +ea.ekee+in$. (rom e3+erien.e /it= :.*. e+lo%ment! in -o!nia an 9o!ovo@ /e kno/ t=at .om1at troo+! ten to .=afe at +ea.ekee+in$ 't% /=en t=e% are !t'.k on 1a!e! /it= not=in$ to o an little o++ort'nit% to train /it= t=eir /ea+on!. -'t itD! al!o .lear t=at militar% +oli.e t=rive on !'.= a!!i$nment!@ 1e.a'!e t=e% $et to +erform t=e Oo1! t=e% are traine for---+atrollin$ nei$=1or=oo !@ arre!tin$ tro'1lemaker!@ intervenin$ in i!+'te! /it= a minim'm of for.e. 6ilitar% +oli.e /ork oe!nDt re8'ire t=at man% !+e.ial !kill!. After t/o mont=! of 1a!i. an fo'r mont=! of !+e.ial +oli.e trainin$@ ne/ re.r'it! are !=i++e off to +la.e! like 5'Mla@ an t=e% o O'!t fine. 5=e avera$e to'r of 't% in -o!nia or 9o!ovoB a1o't 6 mont=!. *=ort-term raftee!@ in ot=er /or !@ .o'l ea!il% o t=e!e 6.0. Oo1!@ an man% ot=er! 1e!i e!. ;his -ould free up more professional soldiers to fi)ht the -ar on terrorism -ithout re'uirin) that the 23S3 to abandon other commitments3

40

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Military Doesn6t 7ant Draftees

7ron) Fust usin) a bac(door draft no;illiam A. *alston% +rofe!!or .ivi. en$a$ement :niver!it% of 6ar%lan Colle$e 0ark@ Pan'ar% 1@ !""# AH5=inkin$ a1o't t=e raft@I
0'1li. 7ntere!t No. 154C 7t mi$=t 1e ar$'e t=at a +ro$ram of t=i! !ort /o'l =ave little if an% effe.t on t=e arme for.e!@ /=i.= /o'l .ontin'e to ra/ t=eir man+o/er from t=e .'rrent !tream of vol'nteer!. 5=at ma% 1e t=e .a!e if t=e militar% oe!nDt e3+an 'rin$ t=e ne3t e.a e. -'t t=ere are rea!on! to 1elieve t=at it /ill. 7t i! 8'i.kl% 1e.omin$ evi ent t=at t=e +o!t-/ar o..'+ation of 7ra8 /ill re8'ire more troo+! an la!t lon$er t=an a mini!tration offi.ial! =a +re i.te . A! an interim re!+on!e@ t=e militar% =a! alrea % move a/a% from t=e all-vol'nteer +rin.i+le. 5=e :.*. 6arine Cor+! =a! froMen enli!tment! for all of t=e 175@000 +er!onnel .'rrentl% on a.tive 't%. 6arine! /=o!e +erio of vol'ntar% enli!tment =a! e3+ire are re8'ire to remain in t=e !ervi.e@ on a.tive 't%@ 'ntil t=e freeMe e3+ire!. 4t=er !ervi.e! =ave im+o!e !imilar if more limite freeMe!. 7t i! +o!!i1le@ moreover@ t=at t=e +ro!+e.t of 1ein$ !ent to 7ra8 a! +art of a v'lnera1le lon$-term o..'+ation for.e /ill e+re!! t=e n'm1er of vol'ntar% enli!tment!@ e!+e.iall% in t=e Arm% an 6arine!.

41

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Multilateral Operations Solve

Other countries -ill say no can6t shoulder the burden 0=illi+ Carter% attorne% an former Arm% .a+tain@ /riter for 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% and 0a'l *lastris i! t=e e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@ March !""+ AH5=e Ca!e for t=e DraftI
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2005"0503..arter.=tmlJ1%lineC (ive 1a o+tion! 7n t=eor%@ t=ere are !everal /a%! to $et o't of t=e militar% man+o/er 1in /e fin o'r!elve! in. 7n realit%@ t=ere are in=erent limit! to almo!t all of t=em. 5=e fir!t o+tionEat lea!t t=e one Demo.rat! an mo erate Re+'1li.an! =ave talke mo!t a1o'tEi! to .onvin.e ot=er .o'ntrie! to !=are t=e 1'r en in 7ra8. -'t t=atD! not likel%. 2ven if t=e !e.'rit% !it'ation in 7ra8 im+rove! an t=e -'!= a mini!tration 1e$in! to !=are e.i!ion-makin$E!omet=in$ itD! !o far ref'!e to oE2'ro+ean lea er! /o'l 1e e3tremel% /ar% of tr%in$ to !ell t=eir .itiMen! on !en in$ troo+! to kee+ t=e +ea.e in a /ar t=e% e3+re!!l% o++o!e . 7t ma% 1e +o!!i1le to .onvin.e t=e 2'ro+ean! an ot=er evelo+e nation! to 1e more /illin$ to .ontri1'te troo+! t=e ne3t time t=ereD! an international nee . -'t t=at@ a! /eDve !een@ /ill re8'ire more :.*. troo+!@ not fe/er. Nor !=o'l it 1e t=e +oli.% of t=e :nite *tate! to =ave to rel% on ot=er .o'ntrie!D troo+!. ;e m'!t 1e +re+are to intervene 'nilaterall% if ne.e!!ar%.

42

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Draft ;a(es ;oo Aon)

Can be operational in L+ days Niko 0yari(u% anti-/ar .ol'mni!t@ 4"23"!""+ A=tt+B""///.anti/ar..om"i+!"k%riako'.+=+Karti.lei >5705C
At t=e en of la!t mont=@ t=e :.*. *ele.tive *ervi.e *%!tem i!!'e a re+ort a!!'rin$ 0re!i ent Geor$e ;. -'!= t=at it /o'l 1e rea % to im+lement a raft /it=in 75 a%!. ;=ile !tirrin$ '+ a !torm of !+e.'lation@ t=i! re+ort ma% a.t'all% 1e t=e lea!t .om+ellin$ =ar1in$er of a raft. (ar more ire i! t=e !k%ro.ketin$ nee for troo+! ami +l'mmetin$ !'++l%. 6ore t=an 300@000 of t=e 482@000 !ol ier! in t=e :* arm% are alrea % e+lo%e a1roa @ +re ominantl% in 7ra8@ Af$=ani!tan@ *o't= 9orea an t=e former N'$o!lavia. 5=e ratio of t/o !ol ier! a1roa for ever% one at =ome i! t=e o++o!ite of /=at militar% !trate$i!t! !a% i! ne.e!!ar% to maintain a lon$-term e+lo%ment.

43

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Solvency Mechanism & Aottery

Aottery system -ould be e'uitable and ensure manpo-er re'uirements C=arle! Mos(os@ 0rofe!!or of *o.iolo$% at Nort=/e!tern :niver!it% and 0a'l *lastris@ e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% an a !enior fello/ at t=e ;e!tern 0oli.% Center@ Nov3 !""1 AHNo/ Do No' -elieve ;e Nee a DraftI@ ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2001"0111.mo!ko!.$la!tri!.=tmlC 5=e *'.ker (a.tor 5=at 1rin$! '+ t=e !e.on ar$'ment a$ain!t t=e raftB t=at t=e !on! of t=e elite /ill fin /a%! to avoi !ervi.e. 4f .o'r!e@ t=atD! even tr'er in an a$e of all-vol'nteer for.e!. -'t itD! fair to a!kB #o/ .an a raft 1e ma e e8'ita1leK 5=e 1e!t /a% /o'l 1e to re8'ire all %o'n$ +eo+le to !erve. 4ne rea!on more %o'n$ +eo+le onDt !erve no/ i! t=e fear t=at /=ile t=e%Dre /earin$ t=e 'niform@ t=eir +eer! /ill 1e o't =avin$ f'n an $ettin$ a le$ '+ in t=eir .areer!. 7f ever%one /ere re8'ire to !erve@ no one /o'l feel like a !'.ker. 5=e% mi$=t even enOo% t=e e3+erien.eL !'rve%! !=o/ t=at mo!t former raftee! look 1a.k on t=eir time in t=e !ervi.e /it= fon ne!! an +ri e. 7tD! +o!!i1le@ =o/ever@ t=at t=e .o'ntr% /onDt =ave t=e nee for ever% eli$i1le %o'n$ +er!on to !erve. ;=at t=enK 4ne an!/er i! a lotter% /it= no !t' ent eferment!. A:n er *ele.tive *ervi.e r'le! e!ta1li!=e after &ietnam@ .olle$e eferment! are no lon$er allo/e .C 0art of /=at make! Ameri.an! '1io'! of .on!.ri+tion i! o'r memor% of =o/ t=e .la!!-1ia!e raft of t=e &ietnam ;ar-era =el+e rive Ameri.a a+art. ;e ten to for$et t=at t=e more e8'ita1le raft t=at e3i!te 'rin$ ;orl ;ar 77 an for 20 %ear! after/ar ! =el+e 1rin$ t=e .o'ntr% to$et=er. D'rin$ t=e +ea.ef'l %ear! of t=e 1950!---a time not 'nlike o'r o/n@ /=en t=e t=reat of ma!! e!tr'.tion ='n$ in t=e air---mo!t 7v% ,ea$'e men =a to !+en t/o %ear! in 'niform@ 1efore or after .olle$e@ /orkin$ an 1'nkin$ /it= ot=er! of ver% ifferent 1a.k$ro'n ! an ra.e! At=e militar%@ remem1er@ /a! a1o't t=e onl% ra.iall% inte$rate in!tit'tion at t=e timeC. 5=i! !=are e3+erien.e =el+e in!till in t=o!e /=o !erve @ a! in t=e national .'lt're $enerall%@ a !en!e of 'nit% an moral !erio'!ne!! t=at /e /o'l not !ee a$ain---'ntil after *e+tem1er 11@ 2001. 7tD! a !=ame t=at it =a! taken terrori!t atta.k! to a/aken '! to t=e realit% of o'r !=are national fate. ;e !=o'l '!e t=i! moment to re1'il in!tit'tion! like t=e raft t=at /ill kee+ '! a/ake to t=i! realit% even a! t=e memor% of t=e atta.k! fa e. A 21!t .ent'r% raft mi$=t 1e more /el.ome t=an mo!t of '! realiMe@ e!+e.iall% amon$ %o'n$ +eo+le /=o!e live! /ill 1e affe.te 1% it. ;=ile national lea er! an +'n it! =ave avoi e t=e !'1Oe.t@ a +otential ret'rn of t=e raft =a! 1een a =ot to+i. of .onver!ation amon$ %o'n$ +eo+le !in.e *e+tem1er 11. F7f itD! !omet=in$ t=e% /ant '! to o for o'r .o'ntr% to kee+ '! !afe@ t=en $o for it@F R%an Aaron@ a !enior at :.*. Grant #i$= *.=ool in 4kla=oma Cit%@ tol National Po'rnal. Anot=er %o'n$ man@ P'lian 6e ina@ a a% la1orer .leanin$ '+ offi.e 1'il in$! near t=e !till-!mol erin$ ;orl 5ra e Center@ tol 5=e ;a!=in$ton 0o!tB F7f 7 =ave to@ 7D fi$=t to .at.= t=e man /=o i t=i!.F Not all %o'n$ +eo+le are !o $'n$ =oL man%@ in fa.t@ =ate t=e i ea. -'t at lea!t t=e%Dre talkin$ a1o't it. 7f t=eir vie/! .an move from ne/! +a$e! to t=e e itorial +a$e!@ an 'ltimatel% to t=e floor! of Con$re!!@ t=en /e .o'l 1e on o'r /a% to a more !e.'re an more 'nifie Ameri.a.

44

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Actor Mechanism & Con)ress

Con)ress can do it 0eter einert% et3 al3% 0roOe.t for a Ne/ Ameri.an Cent'r%@ !""+ AH,etter to Con$re!! on 7n.rea!in$ :* Gro'n (or.e!@
=tt+B""///.ne/ameri.an.ent'r%.or$" efen!e-20050128.=tmC Arti.le 1@ *e.tion 8 of t=e Con!tit'tion +la.e! t=e +o/er an t=e 't% to rai!e an !'++ort t=e militar% for.e! of t=e :nite *tate! in t=e =an ! of t=e Con$re!!. 5=at i! /=% /e@ t=e 'n er!i$ne @ a 1i+arti!an $ro'+ /it= iver!e +oli.% vie/!@ =ave .ome to$et=er to .all '+on %o' to a.t. No' /ill 1e !ervin$ %o'r .o'ntr% /ell if %o' in!i!t on +rovi in$ t=e militar% man+o/er /e nee to meet Ameri.aD! o1li$ation!@ an to =el+ en!'re !'..e!! in .arr%in$ o't o'r forei$n +oli.% o1Oe.tive! in a an$ero'!@ 1't al!o =o+ef'l@ /orl .

45

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Ira' ,ull&Out ad Adv3 Draft Solves Ira' ,ullout !AC ?Bt3

Draft (ey to prevent Ira' pullout A)ence <rance ,ress@ 4"20"!""# 8=tt+B""///..ommon ream!.or$"=ea line!04"0420-10.=tmC
;A*#7NG54N - A !enior Re+'1li.an la/maker !ai t=at eterioratin$ !e.'rit% in 7ra8 ma% for.e t=e :nite *tate! to reintro '.e t=e militar% raft. F5=ereD! not an Ameri.an ... t=at oe!nDt 'n er!tan /=at /e are en$a$e in to a% an /=at t=e +ro!+e.t! are for t=e f't're@F *enator C='.k #a$el tol a *enate (orei$n Relation! Committee =earin$ on +o!t-o..'+ation 7ra8. F;=% !=o'l nDt /e a!k all of o'r .itiMen! to 1ear !ome re!+on!i1ilit% an +a% !ome +ri.eKF #a$el !ai @ ar$'in$ t=at re!torin$ .om+'l!or% militar% !ervi.e /o'l for.e Fo'r .itiMen! to 'n er!tan t=e inten!it% an e+t= of .=allen$e! /e fa.e.F 5=e Ne1ra!ka Re+'1li.an a e t=at a raft@ /=i.= /a! en e in t=e earl% 1970!@ /o'l !+rea t=e 1'r en of militar% !ervi.e in 7ra8 more e8'ita1l% amon$ vario'! !o.ial !trata. F5=o!e /=o are !ervin$ to a% an %in$ to a% are t=e mi le .la!! an lo/er mi le .la!!@F =e o1!erve . 5=e .all to .on!i er a im+o!in$ a raft .ome! O'!t a%! after t=e 0enta$on move to e3ten t=e mi!!ion! of !ome 20@000 of t=e 135@000 :* troo+! in 7ra8.

Draft (ey to stay in Ira' $ep3 C=arle! $an)el AD-NNC@ 3"23"!""/

AH0re!! Relea!eI =tt+B""///.or1!tan ar ..om"Ne/!"(ront"Ran$elQ7fQ;eQ*ta%Q7nQ7ra8Q;eQNee Qt=eQDraft.=tmlC Con$re!!man C=arle! Ran$el !ai to a% t=at kee+in$ :.*. troo+! in 7ra8 1e%on 0re!i ent -'!=D! term in offi.e 'n er!.ore! t=e nee to rein!tate t=e militar% raft. F0re!i ent -'!=D! a!!ertion t=at t=e e.i!ion to /it= ra/ :.*. troo+! from 7ra8 /o'l 1e '+ to t=e ne3t 0re!i ent i! t=e 1e!t evi en.e %et of t=e nee to rein!tate t=e militar% raft@F Con$re!!man Ran$el !ai . F7f t=e militar% /a! 'na1le to meet it! re.r'itin$ $oal! la!t %ear@ itD! even le!! likel% to o !o a! t=i! 'n+o+'lar /ar ra$! on 1e%on 2008@F Con$re!!man Ran$el !ai . F7f t=e 0re!i ent in!i!t! on e+lo%in$ troo+! in a /ar t=at t=e Ameri.an +eo+le no lon$er !'++ort@ it /ill take not=in$ le!! t=an a raft to fill t=e rank!@ e!+e.iall% if t=e /ar !+rea ! to 7ranF ,a!t (e1r'ar%@ Con$re!!man Ran$el reintro '.e le$i!lation to rein!tate t=e raft t=at /o'l in.rea!e t=e eli$i1le a$e for male an female raftee! to 42. :n er t=e le$i!lation@ no eferment! /o'l 1e allo/e for rea!on! of =ealt= an .on!.ien.e. F:+ to no/ t=i! /ar =a! 1een fo'$=t onl% 1% t=o!e /=o are /illin$ to enli!t@ mainl% for e.onomi. rea!on!. 5=e fa.t i! t=at even lar$e 1on'!e! are 1e.omin$ le!! attra.tive a! .a!'altie! mo'nt an a! Ameri.an! !ee no en to a .onfli.t t=at t=e%Dve lo!t fait= in@F Con$re!!man Ran$el !ai .

46

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Draftees Are Ao- S(ill Ira' Specific

Draft critical for Ira' not a hi)h tech -ar there Davi 5ac(-orth% Ret. Col. :* Arm%@ 10"4"!""#
AH:n.le *am ;ill *oon ;ant No'r 9i ! H=tt+B""///.militar%..om"4+inion!"0@@#a.k/ort=Q100404@00.=tmlC -'t m% take i! t=at 9err% i! ri$=t on t=e mark. Not onl% 1e.a'!e R'mm% =a! 1een flat /ron$ on ever% maOor militar% .all re$ar in$ Iraq@ 1't 1e.a'!e t=i! i! a /ar t=at /onDt 1e /on 1% !mart /ea+on! or t=e !le $e=ammer fire+o/er /e !ee ever% ni$=t on t=e t'1e. Ri$=t no/ - /it= 1ot= o'r re$'lar an Re!erve !ol ier! !tret.=e 1e%on t=e 1reakin$ +oint - o'r all-vol'nteer for.e i! ta++in$ o't. 7f o'r over!ea! troo+ .ommitment! .ontin'e at t=e +re!ent rate or .lim1 =i$=er@ t=ere /onDt 1e eno'$= Army an Marine $r'nt! to o t=e Oo1. An t=in@ over/orke 'nit!@ from *+e.ial (or.e! team! to infantr% 1attalion!@ lo!e fi$=t!. Clearl%@ t=i! /ar a$ain!t /orl /i e@ =ar .ore 7!lami. 1eliever! /ill 1e a massive military marathon% the lon)est and most far& flun) in our country.s history . -% C=ri!tma!@ more troo+! .o'l 1e nee e not onl% in 7ra8 an Afghanistan@ 1't /=erever t=e ra i.al 7!lami. movement i! $ro/in$ !tron$er@ from t=e #orn of Afri.a to 6oro..o@ 9en%a@ *omalia@ Nemen an a.ro!! 2'ro+e remem1er *+ainKZ - to A!ia. A..or in$l%@ /e nee to 1rin$ o'r $ro'n -fi$=tin$ an !'++ort 'nit! to a1o't t=e !tren$t= t=e% /ere 1efore t=e *oviet :nion im+lo e @ e!+e.iall% !in.e t=e +ro+er ratio of .o'nterin!'r$ent-to-in!'r$ent in +la.e! like t=e 6i le 2a!t !=o'l 1e aro'n 15 to 1. No' onDt =ave to 1e a 0=.D. in militar% +er!onnel to .on.l' e /e nee more 1oot! on t=e $ro'n .

47

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

,ullout JM Meltdo-n ,2AAO2; AD: AS 23S3 $OA? D?C$?AS?S% I$AN M?A;DO7N INC$?AS?S && NO C5ANC? O< IND?,?ND?N; $2A?
,a/ren.e 0aplanL *enior 2 itor at 5=e Ne/ Re+'1li.L 3"6""/L 5=e Ne/ Re+'1li.
Not ever%t=in$ t=e :.*. enter+ri!e to'.=e! =ere t'rn! to $ol . -'t ever%t=in$ it let! $o of oe! !eem to t'rn into irt. ;it= :.*. re.on!tr'.tion ai r'nnin$ o't@ 7ra8D! infra!tr'.t're@ never f'll% re!tore to 1e$in /it=@ decays by the hour. 7ra8D! +oliti.al arena@ from /=i.= t=e Ameri.an! =a no .=oi.e 1't to /it= ra/@ =a! i!!olve into !omet=in$ 'nre.o$niMa1le@ .arve '+ for !e.tarian a vanta$e an /it=o't a .enter to kee+ it! +art! from !+innin$ a/a%. 7n 1ot= .a!e!@ t=e :nite *tate! ma% =ave $iven all it rea!ona1l% .o'l 1e e3+e.te to $ive. -'t@ /=en it .ome! to Ameri.aD! /it= ra/al from 7ra8D! !e.'rit% arena@ a +ro.e!! t=at a..elerate! /it= ea.= +a!!in$ /eek@ t=e onl% e3+lanation .an 1e t=at t=e ;=ite #o'!e @ for all of it! =i$=-min e r=etori. a1o't !tan in$ /it= 7ra8@ =a! e.i e not to. 5=e in!'r$en.% .ontin'e! to ra$e. 7ra8D! !e.'rit% for.e! !till .annot o+erate on t=eir o/n. An @ a! /=at /a! on.e a lar$el% one-!i e *'nni .am+ai$n of terrori!m ra+i l% a++roa.=e! !omet=in$ like +arit% A/it= t=e *=ia takin$ '+ arm! in t=eir o/n efen!eC@ t=e likeli=oo of a .ivil /ar =a! sur)ed. *o@ too@ .ontrar% to t=e el'!ion! of /ar !'++orter! an .riti.! alike@ =a! t=e im+ortan.e of t=e Ameri.an!.

,2AAO2; CA2S?S 7O$S? M?A;DO7N ADDI;IONAA ;$OO,S 0?O ;O ,?AC? Po=n ersiaL 0'litMer /inner an Co-C=air of t=e Center for 6i le 2a!tern *t' ie! 0ro$ram at t=e :niver!it% of Central (lori a L 2"24"2""/L 4rlan o *entinel
4ne !tron$ +o!!i1ilit% i! a .ivil .onfli.t t=at !ome +eo+le !a% !=o'l =ave 1een /a$e lon$ a$o to allo/ a tr'e !ettlin$ of ifferen.e!. 5=e -'!= a mini!tration +la%! o/n t=at !.enario@ /it= *e.retar% of Defen!e Donal R'm!fel a!!ertin$ t=at !e.tarian violen.e i! .ommon in t=e re$ion an t=at 7ra8i! are !im+l% F$oin$ t=ro'$= a +oliti.al +ro.e!!.F *e.retar% of *tate Con oleeMMa Ri.e al!o =a! i!mi!!e notion! of an im+en in$ .ivil /ar. *enior 7ra8i lea er! re+re!entin$ ke% $ro'+! =ave i!!'e .all! for .alm. #o/ever@ !=o'l t=e o++o!ite +revail an forei$n for.e! o+t to /it= ra/ Q /=i.= =o+ef'll% /ill not =a++en Q mo!t of 7ra8 .o'l fin it!elf em1roile in relentle!! violen.e. 5=at /o'l .a!t o+en t=e oor to terrori!t! an tro'1lemaker!@ in.l' in$ 7ran. 4nl% t=e 9'r i!= +art of t=e .o'ntr% mi$=t !'rvive. A !e.on +o!!i1ilit% i! t=e o1Oe.tiona1le !tat'! 8'o. After a ro'n of +'1li. f'r% an retri1'tion@ 7ra8i *=iite! .o'l !ettle o/n. 5=e +artie! .o'l re!'me ne$otiation!@ an :.*.-le for.e! /o'l =el+ kee+ .ivil ten!ion! in .=e.k. #o/ever@ !'.= fr'!tratin$ .ir.'m!tan.e! .o'l ra$ on for %ear!. ;=% not a$$re!!ivel% !=a+e a +o!itive t=ir !.enarioK 5o !'..ee @ t=e effort re8'ire! m'.= more t=an a++eal! for .alm@ .'rfe/!@ +romi!e! to re1'il ama$e !tr'.t're!@ avoi an.e of .ivil-/ar talk an ot=er $e!t're! t=at !ma.k of -an -Ai ! rat=er t=an 1enefi.ial 1alm!. 5=e 7ra8i! Q /=o =ave 1een !lo/ to 1'il '+ .om+etent !e.'rit% for.e! an =ave 1een em1arra!!e 1% in i.ation! of eat= !8'a ! an ot=er 'n!avor% 1e=avior Q !till .annot =an le t=e .=allen$e. :.*.-le for.e! =ave al/a%! 1een too fe/ to lo.k o/n 7ra8@ ro'n '+ *a am lo%ali!t!@ !eal t=e .o'ntr%D! 1or er!@ ne'traliMe terrori!t! an !e.'re +ea.e. *ol'tionB an imme iate infl'3 of at lea!t 100@000 a itional troo+! from t=e allie!@ frien l% nei$=1orin$ !tate! an ot=er !'ita1le .o'ntrie!. Grante @ !ome 7ra8i! mi$=t o1Oe.t@ vie/in$ more troo+! a! an affront to t=eir fle $lin$ +oliti.al effort!. -'t mo!t 7ra8i! 'n er!tan t=at t=eir .a+a1ilitie! o not mat.= t=eir intention!. Given a .=oi.e of .ivil /ar@ o+ene -en e o..'+ation or t=e m'!terin$ of eno'$= forei$n troo+! to fini!= t=e Oo1 e.i!ivel%@ t=e an!/er i! o1vio'!.

48

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

2S 0ey to Ira' Stability

23S3 ,$?S?NC? IS 0?O ;O ANO;5IN* <2NC;IONIN* IN I$AN ,a/ren.e 0aplanL *enior 2 itor at 5=e Ne/ Re+'1li.L 3"6""/L 5=e Ne/ Re+'1li.
;=et=er %o' mea!'re 7ra8D! /ell-1ein$ t=ro'$= it! infra!tr'.t're@ +oliti.!@ !e.'rit%@ or even $eo$ra+=%@ one t=in$ i! .learB ;=ere t=e Ameri.an! o not o+erate@ ver% little el!e oe!. 5=e level of .orr'+tion t=at +erva e! 7ra8D! mini!terial or1it@ for in!tan.e@ /o'l =ave ma e *o't= &ietnamD! kle+to.rat! 1l'!=. 5=e +ro1lem e3ten ! 1e%on a !im+le la.k of $oo $overnan.e. 7n a .a!e t=at =a! 1een =i$=l% +'1li.iMe in t=e 7ra8i +re!!@ *'nni la/maker 6i!=aan Al P'1'ri /a! re.entl% .=ar$e /it= em1eMMlin$ f'n ! meant to +a% for t=e +rote.tion of an oil +i+eline in 7ra8D! nort=. Not all t=at 'n'!'al@ 1't +ro!e.'tor! !'!+e.t =e t=en f'nnele t=e mone% to in!'r$ent! /=o 1le/ '+ t=e +i+eline. A..or in$ to a :.*. Government A..o'nta1ilit% 4ffi.e re+ort +'1li!=e earlier t=i! mont=@ an intera$en.% $ro'+ of *tate De+artment@ militar%@ an .ontra.tin$ offi.ial! .on.l' e t=at F.riti.al infra!tr'.t're fa.ilitie! .on!tr'.te or re=a1ilitate 'n er :.*. f'n in$ =ave faile @ /ill fail@ or /ill o+erate in !'1o+timiMe .on ition! follo/in$ =an over to t=e 7ra8i!.F Absent 23S3 oversi)ht@ +oliti.ian! from .om+etin$ !e.t! =ave tran!forme t=e mini!trie! into +er!onal fief om!@ /=ere e3+erti!e .o'nt! for not=in$ an .onne.tion! for ever%t=in$. An @ O'!t a! t=e mini!trie! =ave +rove im+ervio'! to ire.tion from a1ove@ lo.al fa.torie! an refinerie! i$nore t=e mini!trie!. 4ne of t=e rea!on! -a$= a =a! onl% a fe/ =o'r! of ele.tri.al +o/er ea.= a% i! t=at ele.tri.it% +lant! in t=e +rovin.e! ref'!e to +rovi e it--rea!onin$@ a! t=e =ea of a +lant in 7ra8D! !o't= +'t it@ t=at -a$= a =a eno'$= +o/er 'n er *a am #'!!ein. Alt=o'$= +artl% a .on!e8'en.e of t=e !e.'rit% !it'ation@ .orr'+tion =a! =el+e rive ever% +'1li. !ervi.e mea!'re--ele.tri.it%@ +ota1le /ater@ =eatin$ oil-- o/n 1elo/ it! +re/ar norm.

49

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

,ullout 0ills 5e)emony

,2AAO2; AD ;AN0S 5?*?MONO Ne- Oor( ;imesL 2"28"!""/> Ni.=ola! 9ri!tof A4+-2 /riter [ 0'litMer /innin$ re+orterC
7 !till 1elieve t=at /=ile t=e /ar /a! a rea f'l mi!take@ an imme iate +'llo't /o'l al!o 1e a mi!!te+B an%one /=o !a%! t=at 7ra8 .anDt $et /or!e =a!nDt !een a .o'ntr% totall% torn a+art 1% .=ao! an .ivil /ar. 6r. -'!= i! ri$=t a1o't t=e .on!e8'en.e! of an imme iate +'llo't -- to 7ra8@ an al!o to Ameri.an infl'en.e aro'n t=e /orl .

50

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

!AC ;urn Slayer Must $ead

HHH ,2AAO2; AD G#$AT CA$D ;5A; ;2$NS AC0 AAA O< ;5?I$ COS; A$*2M?N;S AND 5?*? AD A$*2M?N;S AND NON&2NIN2?S AND ;2$NS ;5?I$ OC?$S;$?;C5 A$*2M?N;S Dan *oureL De+'t% Dire.tor of t=e 7nternational *e.'rit% 0ro$ram at t=e ,e3in$ton 7n!tit'teL 11"30" !""+L 6inne!ota 0'1li. Ra io
6r. DAN G4:R2 A6ilitar% Anal%!tCB 4ne mi$=t ar$'e t=at@ in fa.t@ a +remat're +'llo't /ill cost us moreL t=at i!@ /e /ill =ave to /orr% a1o't !=orin$ '+ re$ime! an !e.'rit% !ervi.e! from Por an an t=e G'lf !tate! to 7!rael@ 5'rke%@ 0aki!tan an t=e like@ +arti.'larl% if t=e terrori!t! are em1ol ene @ an t=erefore /e mi$=t !ave relativel% little mone%. 7n a ition@ t=e :* militar% =a! t=e re8'irement to re!et it! for.e!L t=at i!@ to 1rin$ t=em 1a.k to o+eratin$ .on ition after t=e /ear an tear in 7ra8@ /=i.= /ill .ontin'e to $o on@ after /eDve +'lle t=e la!t !ol ier@ airman@ !ailor o't@ for '+ to t/o %ear!. &7G2,ANDB ;=at a1o't t=e re.on!tr'.tion effort it!elfK 7f t=e :* militar% +'ll! o't@ if an /=en it event'all% oe!@ are .om+anie! $onna /ant to .ontin'e to /ork t=ere /it= even t=e fe/ +roOe.t! t=at t=e% alrea % =ave on t=e $ro'n K 6r. G4:R2B ;ell@ %o'Dve =it on one of t=e reall% intere!tin$ i!!'e! t=at i!nDt a re!!e 1% t=o!e /=o a vo.ate /it= ra/al@ an t=at i!B ;=at are t=e !e.on - an t=ir -or er .on!e8'en.e!K A +re.i+ito'! /it= ra/al /ill@ in fa.t@ pull the ru) out from t=e +lan! an +ro$ram! for re.on!tr'.tion@ an +arti.'larl% t=e i ea! of :* .om+anie!. 2ven if %o' =ave %o'r o/n !e.'rit% !ervi.e! an %o'Dre 1'%in$ t=at kin of !'++ort@ an% .om+an% =a! to rai!e t=e 8'e!tion a! to /=et=er t=eir +eo+le are $oin$ to 1e !afe $iven /=atD! likel% to =a++en after/ar !@ /=i.= i!@ %o' kno/@ a massive upsur)e in violence @ +er=a+! even e!.ent into civil -ar. *o in t=at .a!e@ if /e +'ll o't@ /ill .om+anie! +'ll o'tK 5=e 7ra8i e.onom% $oe! into anot=er tailspin@ an t=e +oliti.al !it'ation $et! -orse. 5=e re$ion $et! /or!e. ad ideas all around. 4n t=e ot=er =an @ if /e a!!'me a more $ra 'al /it= ra/al@ t=en@ in fa.t@ 7ra8 ma% 1e t=e ne3t $ol r'!= territor%. 7t i! a ver% /ealt=% .o'ntr%@ a +otentiall% ver% /ealt=% .o'ntr%. 7t! GD0 =a! no/ o'1le 1et/een t=e lo/ in 2003 an /=ere /e /ere at t=e 1e$innin$ of in 2004. 7tD! $ot--;=atK--t=e t=ir -lar$e!t oil re!erve! in t=e /orl @ an a! re8'irement! for infra!tr'.t're@ inve!tment@ re.on!tr'.tion t=at are almo!t limitle!!@ an @ t=erefore@ 7 /o'l a!!'me t=at if t=e !e.'rit% !it'ation !ta1iliMe!@ /orl .om+anie!@ ever%1o %@ :* .om+anie!@ are $oin$ to 1e in t=ere in a floo . &7G2,ANDB ;ell@ even /it= a +'llo't from 7ra8@ t=ereD! !till $oin$ to 1e a lot of nee for !'++ort an !'++lie! in t=e re!t of t=e re$ion. 6r. G4:R2B 5=ereD! no 8'e!tion. ;eDre not /it= ra/in$ from t=e entire re$ion an @ in fa.t@ /ere /e to leave 7ra8@ /eD +ro1a1l% /ant more troo+! in t=e re$ion. 5=at mean! a 1i$$er !'++l% 1a!e@ more .on!tr'.tion@ a 1i$$er role for :* .om+anie! an more ollar! 1ein$ !+ent. No' kno/@ /eDre talkin$ in term! of !'++ort for t=e 7ra8i!@ t=e 7ra8i militar% an :* for.e!@ a ver% .om+le3 !'++l% .=ain@ one t=at !tret.=e! all t=e /a% 1a.k to t=e fa.torie!@ e+ot!@ ar!enal! in t=e :nite *tate!@ a! /ell a! interme iate 1a!e!@ in 9'/ait an el!e/=ere. ;eDre not $oin$ to +'ll .om+letel% o't of t=e re$ion. 7n fa.t@ one mi$=t ar$'e t=at :* for.e! /ill =ave to 1e e+lo%e in )reater numbers in t=e 0er!ian G'lf if /e /alk o't of 7ra8. ;it= ra/ from 7ra8 ra+i l% an %o' are $oin$ to 1e !+en in$ a lot more mone% to !=ore '+ t=e re!t of %o'r +o!ition in t=e 6i le 2a!t an ot=er frien l% re$ime!.

51

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Ira' Can *overn Itself

I$ANI CON;$OA ISN6; *OIN* ;O *?; I; DON? ,a/ren.e 0aplanL *enior 2 itor at 5=e Ne/ Re+'1li.L 3"6""/L 5=e Ne/ Re+'1li.
*e.tarian .la!=e! +re!ent one +ro1lem. 5=e fa.t t=at t=e Arm% !till .annot o+erate /it=o't a..e!! to :.*. fire+o/er@ lo$i!ti.!@ .omm'ni.ation@ an intelli$en.e +re!ent! anot=er. 2ven .on.e in$ t=e -'!= teamD! fanciful +remi!e t=at 7ra8 /ill =ave 110 .om1at 1attalion! o+eratin$ 1% t=e en of t=e %ear A.om+are /it= t=ree f'll% effe.tive 1attalion! a %ear a$o an 40 to a%C@ Ameri.an offi.er! dismiss a! -ishful t=inkin$ t=e offi.ial line t=at 7ra8i troo+! .an re+la.e :.*. troo+! on a one-to-one 1a!i! an t=en o+erate O'!t a! effe.tivel% a! t=eir Ameri.an mentor!. A! for t=e 7ra8i +oli.e@ if .ivil /ar .ome! to 7ra8@ it ma% 1e i)nited a! m'.= 1% t=em a! 1% t=e in!'r$ent!. (or 7ra8D! +oli.e are @ to an e3tent not f'll% $ra!+e in ;a!=in$ton@ not +oli.e at all. A! one of =i! +artin$ a.t! in P'ne 2004@ C0A .=ief ,. 0a'l -remer !i$ne 4r er 91@ o'tla/in$ militia! in 7ra8. 7n re!+on!e@ t=o'!an ! of *=ia militiamen e3.=an$e t=eir !treet .lot=e! for +oli.e 'niform!. A! t=e% =ave $otten 1etter at .om1atin$ 7ra8D! *'nni $'errilla!@ t=e in!'r$en.%@ at lea!t in -a$= a an it! !o't=ern o't!kirt!@ =a! /eakene @ /it= atta.k! e.linin$ !in.e la!t fall. 5=e onl% +ro1lem i! t=at 1r'talit% i! one of t=e ta.ti.! t=at a.=ieve t=e!e re!'lt!. 5=e 7nterior 6ini!tr%D! e3traO' i.ial anti.! fir!t .ame to li$=t la!t Novem1er@ /=en :.*. troo+! !t'm1le a.ro!! a tort're .=am1er in -a$= a o+erate 1% 7nterior +oli.e. 2ver% /eek 1rin$! more =an .'ffe an e.om+o!e 1o ie! i!.overe in $ar1a$e 'm+!@ river!@ an =a!til% '$ +it!. F*.ore! of in ivi 'al! are re$'larl% etaine in t=e mi le of t=e ni$=t an /it=o't O' i.ial /arrant@F a re.ent re+ort 1% t=e :.N A!!i!tan.e 6i!!ion for 7ra8 !a%!. F5=e r'le of la/ .ontin'e! to 1e .=allen$e 1% t=e e3i!ten.e of militia! an ot=er $ro'+! /=o .ontin'e to a.t /it= im+'nit%@ .onfirmin$ an 'r$ent nee for t=e *tate to a!!ert .ontrol over it! !e.'rit% for.e!.F -'t t=e!e for.e! /ere never t=e !tateD! to 1e$in /it=. :nlike t=e 7ra8i arm%@ /=i.= o+erate! in tan em /it= :.*. for.e!@ t=e +oli.e re.r'it an o+erate lo.all%@ an @ 'ntil re.entl%@ t=e% i !o lar$el% free of :.*. !'+ervi!ion.

52

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; ,ullout Inevitable

,2AAO2; NO; IN?CI;A A? ?CA2S? O< N?7?S; CIOA?NC? ;he *uardianL 3"1"!""/> P'lian -or$er
0rofo'n +e!!imi!m a1o't t=e Iraq /ar =a! +'!=e Geor$e -'!=D! +o+'larit% to an all-time lo/ of 34W@ a! ne/ +oll! %e!ter a% !=o/e 1ot= Ameri.an .ivilian! an !ol ier! at o ! /it= t=e ;=ite #o'!e over :* o1Oe.tive! an !trate$%. ;=ile !ome of t=e ro+ in !'++ort i! attri1'ta1le to i!.ontent /it= ome!ti. +oli.ie!@ it i! .lear t=e !e.tarian 1loo lettin$ in Iraq over t=e +a!t /eek =a! eBtin)uished =o+e! t=at De.em1erD! ele.tion! .o'l =el+ !ta1ili!e t=e .o'ntr% an +ave t=e /a% for :* troo+ /it= ra/al.

,2AAO2; NO AON*?$ IN?CI;A A? ?CA2S? O< N?7?S; CIOA?NC? 2SA ;oday> !@!L@"/L *teven 9omaro/
7ra8D! inten!ifie reli$io'! 1attle! .o'l undermine t=e -'!= a mini!tration +lan for .'ttin$ t=e n'm1er of :.*. troo+! t=ere@ e3+ert! !a%@ e!+e.iall% if ne$otiation! in -a$= a fail to +ro '.e a national 'nit% $overnment. F5=i! t=ro/! a mon(ey -rench in t=e a mini!trationD! !trate$% of !tan in$ o/n A:.*. troo+!C a! t=e 7ra8i! !tan '+@ 1e.a'!e it !'$$e!t! t=at man% 7ra8i! are !tan in$ '+ to fi$=t ot=er 7ra8i!@F !a%! Pame! 0=illi+!@ a efen!e !.=olar at t=e .on!ervative #erita$e (o'n ation.

53

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

North 0orea Adv North 0orea Scenario ?Bt3

$eadiness decline destroys ability to respond to 0orean attac( air po-er can6t substitute 7ashin)ton ,ost% 3"19"!""+ 8H5/o Near! ,ater@ 7ra8 ;ar Drain! 6ilitar%I =tt+B""///./a!=in$ton+o!t..om"/+%n"arti.le!"A48306-20056ar18.=tmlC 5=e 7ra8 /ar =a! al!o le to a ro+ in t=e overall rea ine!! of :.*. $ro'n for.e! to =an le t=reat! at =ome an a1roa @ for.in$ t=e 0enta$on to a..e+t ne/ ri!k! -- even a! militar% +lanner! +re+are for a $lo1al anti-terrori!m .am+ai$n t=at a mini!tration offi.ial! !a% .o'l la!t for a $eneration. *tret.=e 1% 7ra8 an Af$=ani!tan@ t=e :nite *tate! la.k! a !'ffi.ientl% ro1'!t a1ilit% to +'t lar$e n'm1er! of F1oot! on t=e $ro'n F in .a!e of a maOor emer$en.% el!e/=ere@ !'.= a! t=e 9orean 0enin!'la@ in t=e vie/ of !ome Re+'1li.an an Demo.rati. la/maker! an !ome militar% lea er!. 5=e% are !ke+ti.al of t=e 0enta$onD! a1ilit% to !'1!tit'te air an naval +o/er@ an t=e% 1elieve !tron$l% t=at /=at t=e .o'ntr% nee ! i! a 1i$$er Arm%. F5=e :.*. militar% /ill re!+on if t=ere are vital t=reat!@ 1't /ill it re!+on /it= a! man% for.e! a! it nee !@ /it= e8'i+ment t=at i! in e3.ellent .on itionK 5=e an!/er i! no@F !ai *en. Pa.k Ree AD-R.7.C.

54

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

;errorism Adv3@Add&On Draft Solves ;errorism

Draft (ey to fi)ht -ar on terror C=arle! Mos(os@ 0rofe!!or of *o.iolo$% at Nort=/e!tern :niver!it% and 0a'l *lastris@ e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% an a !enior fello/ at t=e ;e!tern 0oli.% Center@ Nov3 !""1 AHNo/ Do No' -elieve ;e Nee a DraftI@ ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2001"0111.mo!ko!.$la!tri!.=tmlC 0re!i ent -'!= =a! !ai t=at t=e ne/ /ar a$ain!t terrori!m /ill 1e Fa ifferent kin of .onfli.t.F #e i! more ri$=t t=an =e kno/!. Not onl% are /e fa.in$ a 'ni8'el% !=a o/% enem%@ one .ommitte to infli.tin$ ma!! .ivilian .a!'altie! on :.*. !oil. -'t for t=e fir!t time in o'r =i!tor% /e are enterin$ a /ar of !i$nifi.ant !iMe an +ro1a1le 'ration Aa mini!tration offi.ial! =ave !ai it ma% la!t for F%ear!FC /it=o't raftin$ %o'n$ men to fi$=t t=e t=reat. Not onl% are /e not raftin$ o'r %o'n$ men. ;e are not even +lannin$ to raft t=em. 2le.te lea er! are not even talkin$ a1o't t=e +o!!i1ilit% of raftin$ t=em. 5=at terrori!t! mi$=t +oi!on m'ni.i+al /ater !'++lie!@ !+ra% ant=ra3 from .ro+ '!ter!@ or !'i.i all% infe.t t=em!elve! /it= !mall +o3 an !troll t=ro'$= 1'!% .it% !treet!@ i! no lon$er .on!i ere farfet.=e . 5=at /e mi$=t nee to raft !ome of o'r +eo+le to .o'nter t=e!e t=reat!---no/ t=atD! .on!i ere farfet.=e @ to t=e e3tent t=at itD! .on!i ere at all. Ameri.a nee ! to /ake '+. ;eDre at /ar. ;e nee a raft. -'t 1e.a'!e t=i! i! a ne/ kin of .onfli.t@ /e nee a ne/ kin of raft. A 21!t .ent'r% raft /o'l 1e le!! fo.'!e on +re+arin$ men for .onventional .om1at-/=i.= +ro1a1l% /onDt 1e t=at e3ten!ive in t=i! /ar---t=an on t=e ar$'a1l% more a'ntin$ ta!k of $'ar in$ a$ain!t an re!+on in$ to terrori!m at =ome an a1roa . 7f !tr'.t're ri$=t@ t=i! ne/ raft mi$=t not 1e a! to'$= to !ell a! %o' /o'l t=ink.

Draft (ey to fill homeland security assi)nments readiness is lo- no- not enou)h troops C=arle! Mos(os@ 0rofe!!or of *o.iolo$% at Nort=/e!tern :niver!it% and 0a'l *lastris@ e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% an a !enior fello/ at t=e ;e!tern 0oli.% Center@ Nov3 !""1 AHNo/ Do No' -elieve ;e Nee a DraftI@ ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2001"0111.mo!ko!.$la!tri!.=tmlC 0er=a+! /e .o'l $et 1% /it=o't a raft if o'r all-vol'nteer militar% =a more t=an eno'$= troo+! on =an . -'t it oe!nDt. 5=e a.tion! !o far taken in Af$=ani!tan@ an t=e 1'il '+ to !'++ort t=o!e a.tion!@ =ave 1een relativel% mo e!t. Net /it= +er!onnel .'t 1% a t=ir !in.e t=e en of t=e Col ;ar@ t=e !ervi.e! /ere =ar -+re!!e to meet on$oin$ mi!!ion! even 1efore *e+tem1er 11. 5=ere i! alrea % talk of +'llin$ :.*. for.e! o't of t=e -alkan!@ !omet=in$ t=e -'!= a mini!tration /ante to o an%/a% . -'t it /ill not +lea!e o'r NA54 allie!@ /=o!e lon$-term !'++ort /e /ill nee in t=e fi$=t a$ain!t terrori!m@ an /=o /ill =ave to fill t=e $a+ /it= more troo+! of t=eir o/n. ;e are .allin$ '+ lar$e n'm1er! of re!ervi!t!@ 1't 1e.a'!e !o man% of t=em /ork a! +oli.e offi.er!@ firefi$=ter!@ an emer$en.% me i.al te.=ni.ian!@ o'r m'ni.i+alitie! are 1ein$ raine of +re.i!el% t=e +eo+le /e /ill nee if A/=enC t=e terrori!t! ret'rn. 7n ee @ it !eem! .lear t=at /e are $oin$ to nee t=o'!an ! more men an /omen in 'niform to eal /it= terrori!t t=reat! =ere at =ome. 5=e +re!i ent =a! a++ointe former 0enn!%lvania Governor 5om Ri $e a! =i! ne/ =omelan !e.'rit% F.Mar.F 5=e fe eral $overnment /ill 1e takin$ over air+ort !e.'rit%@ eit=er +rovi in$ t=e !ervi.e! ire.tl% or !'+ervi!in$ +rivate firm! +rovi in$ it. #o/ever t=e re!tr'.t'rin$ !=ake! o't@ /e are .learl% $oin$ to nee more fe eral arme +er!onnel to $'ar am!@ n'.lear +o/er +lant!@ !+ort! .om+le3e!@ an :.*. em1a!!ie! a1roa L more 1or er +atrol an .'!tom! a$ent! to kee+ terrori!t! an t=eir /ea+on! from enterin$ t=e .o'ntr%L more 7N* a$ent! tra.k o/n immi$rant! /=o =ave over!ta%e t=eir vi!a!L more .oa!t $'ar +er!onnel to in!+e.t !=i+!L more air mar!=al! to ri e on +a!!en$er Oet!L an more (-7 a$ent! to 'n.over terrori!t .ell! !till o+eratin$ /it=in an o't!i e o'r 1or er!.

Draft can plu) in terrorism C=arle! Mos(os@ 0rofe!!or of *o.iolo$% at Nort=/e!tern :niver!it% and 0a'l *lastris@ e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% an a !enior fello/ at t=e ;e!tern 0oli.% Center@ Nov3 !""1 AHNo/ Do No' -elieve ;e Nee a DraftI@ ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2001"0111.mo!ko!.$la!tri!.=tmlC 4t=er evelo+e nation! t=at =ave retaine t=e raft t%+i.all% '!e .on!.ri+t! for =omelan !e.'rit%. 7n 7!rael@ raftee! !erve in 1ot= t=e re$'lar militar% an a! a! li$=tl% arme F$'ar +oli.eF alon$ t=e GaMa *tri+. 5=e% al!o man t=e F=ome .omman @F /=i.= +rovi e! !e.'rit% an ot=er !ervi.e! in t=e .o'ntr%D! .itie! 'rin$ emer$en.ie!@ !'.= a! t=e !.' mi!!ile atta.k! 'rin$ t=e G'lf ;ar. 7n (ran.e@ /=i.= finall% a1an one it! raft la!t %ear A1elievin$ t=at t=reat! to it! !e.'rit% =a imini!=e C@ .on!.ri+t! /orke alon$!i e +rofe!!ional +oli.e in t=e Gen armerie an +rovi e emer$en.% air+ort !e.'rit% /=en terrori!t! !et off 1om1! in t=e 0ari! 6etro in 1995. 7n German%@ mo!t raft-a$e men .=oo!e to !erve eit=er in t=e militar% or in !ome form of .ivilian !ervi.e@ !'.= a! /orkin$ /it= t=e el erl%. -'t a1o't one in ten .=oo!e! to /ork in a !tate or fe eral +oli.e for.e@ +rovi in$ !'.= t=in$! a! 1or er !e.'rit%@ or t=e% train a! vol'nteer firefi$=ter! an !erve +art-time for !even %ear!.

55

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

$acism Adv3 ,overty Draft NoOverrepresentation of poor and minorities no- more than ever Ira' proves Ne- Oor( Observer@ 6a% 31@ !""# 8D#ere<! Ne/ (a.e of :.*. 6ilitar%IC
5=e .on emnation of ,%nn ie 2n$lan @ t=e a1'!er of +ri!oner!@ in !ome /a%! e.=oe! t=e e3altation a %ear a$o of Pe!!i.a ,%n.=. -ot= %o'n$ /omen .ome from !mall ;e!t &ir$inia to/n!. 5=e +rivile$e /=o offer !'.= !tron$ o+inion! a1o't t=em are not t=eir +eer!L t=e% /o'l never make t=e e.i!ion to enli!t t=at t=e!e %o'n$ /omen i . Not/it=!tan in$ t=e livi =orror of A1' G=rai1@ t=ere i! !omet=in$ .on e!.en in$ an 'n.onvin.in$ a1o't t=e +ortra%al! of t=e +oor +eo+le /=o are fi$=tin$ t=e /ar for t=e re!t of '!. 5=e .la!! i!!'e =a! !=a o/e t=e /ar from t=e !tart 1't =a! latel% 1een $ettin$ more attention. 7t i! t=e im+et'! for !everal initiative! on Ca+itol #ill an a t=eme of 6i.=ael 6ooreD! anti/ar o.'mentar%@ #ahrenheit $%&&. F7tD! a +overt% raft@F !ai Ri.k Pa=nko/@ /=o oe! anti-militar% re.r'itin$ in California. F5=e va!t n'm1er of +eo+le in t=i! .o'ntr% /=o are e!.a+in$ t=i! raft are not elite!. 5=e%Dre mi le-.la!! or '++er-mi le-.la!! +eo+le.F
5=e i!!'e !tarte +er.olatin$ +oliti.all% la!t %ear. F;e /ere lookin$ at .a!'altie! from 5e3a! on t=e De+artment of Defen!e ;e1 !ite an it !tr'.k '! t=at DGee@ t=e!e ki ! are .omin$ from to/n! in 5e3a! t=at /e never =ear of@DF !ai Ro1ert G. C'!=in$@ a retire !o.iolo$% +rofe!!or in A'!tin /=o /ork! /it= t=e A'!tin American'(tatesman. FNot O'!t !mall to/n!. -'t !mall to/n! not even .lo!e to metro+olitan area!.F 5=e ne/!+a+er 'n ertook a !t' % of t=e n'm1er! an fo'n t=at /=ile one in five Ameri.an! live in non-metro+olitan .o'ntie!@ nearl% one o't of t=ree .a!'altie! in 7ra8 =ave .ome from t=e!e .o'ntie!. 5=e!e are +la.e! t=at o not =ave a .it% over 50@000 +eo+le an are not /it=in .omm'tin$ i!tan.e of a 1i$ .it%. 5=e +a+erD! intervie/! /it= enli!tee! from t=e!e +la.e! =ave !=o/n t=at t=e% .anDt fin $oo Oo1! in t=eir .omm'nitie! an feel t=at a 'niver!it% e '.ation i! o't of t=eir rea.= -- t=e% .o'l nDt affor to move to a .omm'nit% near a !tate !.=ool.

Re+re!entative 7ke *kelton of 6i!!o'ri@ t=e rankin$ minorit% mem1er on t=e #o'!e Arme *ervi.e! Committee@ /a! even more em+=ati.. ,a!t fall =e !tate t=at 43.5 +er.ent of t=e !ol ier! kille in 7ra8 .ame from r'ral .itie! an to/n! /it= a +o+'lation 1elo/ 20@000. 5=e!e ki ! ten to 1e r'ral /=ite. 5=e ot=er! /=o =ave 1een i!+ro+ortionatel% affe.te are 1la.k! an #i!+ani.! from t=e inner .it%.
F7Dve =ear +eo+le !a%@ D5=e!e ki ! /ant to fi$=t@ t=e% vol'nteere @DF !ai C=arle! Ran$el@ t=e lon$time #arlem .on$re!!man. F-'t 7 !a/ t=e!e ki ! $o off to .am+ an t=en to 7ra8@ an 7Dll tell %o'@ t=e% nee t=e !en!e of im+ortan.e of a 'niform. An t=e%Dre torn. 5=e% !a%@ DCon$re!!man@ .ontin'e to fi$=t a$ain!t t=i! /ar@ 1't onDt /orr% a1o't me. 7Dm $oin$ to make %o' +ro' @ 7Dm $oin$ to 1e a $oo $o amn !taff !er$eant.DF Re+re!entative Ran$el .ame o't for t=e raft a! a more e8'ita1le mean! of !=arin$ t=e ri!k. #e +rom+tl% =ear from *enator 2rne!t #ollin$! of *o't= Carolina. F(ritM #ollin$! !ai @ D6% re ne.k! are .at.=in$ =ell@DF Re+re!entative Ran$el re.alle . F7n t=e!e !mall to/n!@ %o'Dre a 1i$ !=ot if %o' =ave a .o'+le of !tri+e! on %o'r !=o'l er or 1ar! on %o'r .ollar.F 5=e i!!'e took on a !+e.ial +oi$nan.% in *o't= Carolina la!t %ear after t=ree %o'n$ men from one !mall to/n =i$= !.=ool@ 4ran$e1'r$-;ilkin!on@ ie in 7ra8@ !o/in$ i!t'r1an.e in t=at .omm'nit%. #o/ man% =i$= !.=ool! in ;e!t.=e!ter or 6ont$omer% Co'nt%@ 6 .@ =ave !imilar re.or !K NoneL /eD =ave =ear a1o't it. ;=ile t=e raft +ro+o!al =a! $one no/=ere on Ca+itol #ill@ t=e lar$er i!!'e of fairne!! =a! $aine a follo/in$ in t=e Fre F i!tri.t!@ to .ite t=e re "1l'e ivi e of t=e la!t 0re!i ential ele.tion. 4ne .on!ervative Re+'1li.an@ *en. Pame! 7n=ofe@ of 4kla=oma@ =a! en or!e t=e .all for a raft@ /=ile anot=er@ C='.k #a$el of Ne1ra!ka@ =a! .alle for a national e1ate over t=e 8'e!tion. 7n t=e meantime@ 6r. *kelton =a! .alle on t=e General A..o'ntin$ 4ffi.e to !t' % t=e !o.ioe.onomi. .om+o!ition of t=e militar%. 6i.=ael 6oore =a! al!o !=o/e '+ on Ca+itol #ill. 7n a !.ene in =i! ne/ o.'mentar%@ t=e filmmaker an +rovo.ate'r a++roa.=e! t=ree .on$re!!men o't!i e t=e Ca+itol@ tr%in$ to re.r'it t=eir .=il ren to t=e militar%. A..or in$ to +eo+le /=o =ave !een t=e film@ t=e .on$re!!men /alk a/a% fla11er$a!te or 1lat=erin$. 5=e i!!'e $oe! /ell 1e%on Con$re!!. Anti-re.r'iter Ri.k Pa=nko/ +oint! o't t=at P'nior R45CD! .an 1e fo'n in ever% =i$= !.=ool in *an Die$o e3.e+t for t=e t=ree =i$= !.=ool! on t=e affl'ent nort= !i e of to/n. 5=e !ame e3em+tion $oe! for t=e 1i$ Nort=ea!tern .itie!. 5=e mo!t !tartlin$ !tati!ti. +ro '.e 1% a Defen!e De+artment ='man-re!o'r.e! .ontra.tor A='mrro.or$"+o+re+2002C i! t=at at t=e en of t=e &ietnam era@ t=e Nort=ea!t +rovi e 22 +er.ent of t=e +eo+le in t=e militar%. 5o a% t=at n'm1er =a! !'nk to 14 +er.ent. 4ver t=e !ame +erio @ t=e +er.enta$e of enli!tment from t=e *o't= =a! ri!en. 2nter Pe!!i.a ,%n.=. F7n !o man% .omm'nitie! t=e .=oi.e! !eem to 1e@ =ere $o /ork at -'r$er 9in$ or $o into t=e Arm% /=ere %o' .an =ave a .areer +at=@ an $et mone% for .olle$e@ $et trainin$ for a .areer@DF !ai Nan.% ,e!!in@ a mem1er of t=e anti-/ar $ro'+ 6ilitar% (amilie! *+eak 4't.

5=e o1vio'! re!+on!e to t=i! im1alan.e i! t=at t=e militar% =a! al/a%! f'n.tione in t=i! manner@ a! a 1ri $e for +o/erle!! $ro'+! to ri!e into t=e mi le .la!!. 7t !erve t=at role for /=ite et=ni.! 'rin$ ;orl ;ar 77 an for 1la.k! in t=e la!t $eneration. 5=e +oor /ill al/a%! 1e over-re+re!ente at t=e front line!L t=e e '.ate /ill almo!t al/a%! fin Oo1! a! +a+er-+'!=er!. Net t=e ifferen.e in 7ra8 i! t=at t=e !ele.tion of t=e +oor i! +'rer t=an ever. Ne!@ m'ltit' e! of affl'ent +eo+le $ot o't of t=e raft 'rin$ &ietnam. 5=i! time aro'n t=e% onDt even =ave to /orr% a1o't it. ;=en Re+re!entative *'!an 5a'!.=er@ a mo erate Demo.rat !ervin$ t=e affl'ent =ill .omm'nitie! o't!i e 4aklan @ .alle for an in.rea!e of for.e! in 7ra8 an intro '.e le$i!lation !eekin$ more a$$re!!ive re.r'itment@ !=e .o'l 1e .onfi ent t=at t=o!e n'm1er! /onDt 1e .omin$ from =er !o..er-mom .on!tit'en.%.

56

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft rea(s Do-n Social Divide

Draft brea(s do-n the separation of privile)ed youth from the rest of society ;illiam A. *alston@ +rofe!!or .ivi. en$a$ement :niver!it% of 6ar%lan Colle$e 0ark@ Pan'ar% 1@ 20"# AH5=inkin$ a1o't t=e raft@I 0'1li. 7ntere!t No. 154C 5/o nation! ;=at i! t=e ifferen.e 1et/een t=e '!e of +er!onal monetar% re!o'r.e! to o+t o't of militar% !ervi.e an t=e im+a.t of !'.= re!o'r.e! on t=e e.i!ion to o+t inK 7n 1ot= +ra.ti.al an moral term! t=e ifferen.e i! le!! t=an t=e efen er! of t=e .'rrent !%!tem /o'l =ave '! 1elieve. 5o 1e$in /it=@ t=e move to t=e A&( =a! =a a +rofo'n effe.t on t=e e '.ational an .la!! .om+o!ition of t=e :.*. militar%. D'rin$ ;orl ;ar 77 an t=e 9orean ;ar--in ee @ t=ro'$= t=e earl% 1960!--ro'$=l% e8'al +er.enta$e! of =i$= !.=ool an .olle$e $ra 'ate! !erve in t=e militar%@ an a1o't one-t=ir of .olle$e $ra 'ate! /ere in t=e enli!te At=at i!@ non-offi.erC rank!. 5o a%@ enli!te men an /omen are rarel% .olle$e $ra 'ate!@ an elite .olle$e! ot=er t=an t=e !ervi.e a.a emie! are far le!! likel% to +ro '.e militar% +er!onnel of an% rank@ offi.er or enli!te . A! a len$t=% Ne/ Nork 5ime! feat're !tor% re.entl% +'t it@ to a%D! militar% Fmirror! a /orkin$-.la!! Ameri.a.F 4f t=e fir!t 28 !ol ier! to ie in 7ra8@ onl% one .ame from a famil% t=at .o'l 1e e!.ri1e a! /elloff. 6an% =ave ar$'e t=at t=i! in.ome i!+arit% i! a +o!itive refle.tion of a militar% t=at e3ten ! $oo .areer o++ort'nitie! to %o'n$ men an /omen /=o!e +ro!+e.t! are ot=er/i!e limite . 5=ere i! !ome merit to t=i! ar$'ment@ of .o'r!e. -'t t=e .'rrent !%!tem +'r.=a!e! e.onomi. mo1ilit% at t=e e3+en!e of !o.ial inte$ration. 5o a%D! +rivile$e %o'n$ +eo+le ten to $ro/ '+ =ermeti.all% !eale off from t=e re!t of !o.iet%. 2+i!o i. vol'nteerin$ in !o'+ kit.=en! oe!nDt reall% 1reak t=e !eal. 6ilitar% !ervi.e i! one of t=e fe/ e3+erien.e! t=at .an.

57

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft Solves Social Divide

Draft creates civic en)a)ement solves division of society Ro1ert 2. Aitan% vi.e +re!i ent an ire.tor of t=e -rookin$! 2.onomi. *t' ie! 0ro$ram@ <all !""! A-rookin$! Revie/@
=tt+B""///.1rookin$!.e '"+re!!"revie/"fall2002"litan.=tmC (ir!t@ 'niver!al !ervi.e .o'l +rovi e !ome m'.=-nee e F!o.ial $l'eF in an em1attle Ameri.an !o.iet% t=at i! $ro/in$ in.rea!in$l% iver!eE1% ra.e@ national ori$in@ an reli$io'! +referen.eEan /=ere man% %o'n$ Ameri.an! from /ell-to- o familie! $ro/ '+ an $o to !.=ool in =ermeti.all% !eale !o.ial environment!. 5/ent% %ear! a$o@ /=en Ameri.a /a! m'.= le!! iver!e t=an it i! no/ an i! $oin$ to 1e@ t=e e itorial +a$e of t=e )all (treet *ournal Aof all +la.e!C o+ine t=at man ator% !ervi.e /o'l .on!tit'te a Fmean! for a..'lt'ration@ a.8'aintin$ %o'n$ +eo+le /it= t=eir fello/ Ameri.an! of all ifferent ra.e!@ .ree !@ an e.onomi. 1a.k$ro'n !.F 5=o!e /or ! are a! .om+ellin$ to a% a! /=en t=e% /ere /ritten. A !ervi.e +ro$ram in /=i.= %o'n$ +eo+le from ifferent 1a.k$ro'n ! /ork an live to$et=er /o'l o far more t=an .olle$e ever .o'l to immer!e %o'n$ Ameri.an! in t=e iver!it% of o'r .o'ntr%. 7t /o'l al!o =el+ !en!itiMe more fort'nate %o'n$ men an /omen@ at an im+re!!iona1le +oint in t=eir live!@ to t=e .on.ern! an e3+erien.e! of ot=er! from ifferent 1a.k$ro'n ! an $ive t=em an en 'rin$ a++re.iation of /=at life i! like Fon t=e ot=er !i e of t=e tra.k!.F *e.on @ 'niver!al !ervi.e .o'l +romote .ivi. en$a$ement@ /=i.=@ a! #arvar !o.ial !.ienti!t Ro1ert 0'tnam =a! +er!'a!ivel% ar$'e in +owling Alone@ =a! 1een e.linin$Eor at lea!t /a! 1efore *e+tem1er 11. *ome /=o +erform !ervi.e for t=e re8'ire +erio ma% 1elieve t=eir .ivi. re!+on!i1ilitie! /ill t=ere1% 1e i!.=ar$e @ 1't man% ot=er! are likel% to evelo+ an a++re.iation for =el+in$ ot=er! t=at .o'l .=an$e t=e /a% t=e% lea t=e re!t of t=eir live!.

58

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Other ,ublic Service Solves

A!: Alternate public service solves 6orton A. 0aplan% e itor in .=ief"+'1li!=er 5=e ;orl [ 7@ Pan'ar% 1@ !""# AH0'1li. *ervi.e an Government Re$'lation@I ;orl
an 7 No. 1@ &ol. 19C Do/ i! ri$=t to +oint o't =o/ 1roa t=e .on.e+t of +'1li. !ervi.e i!@ 1't !ome form! of !ervi.e are more .r'.ial to !o.iet% t=an ot=er!. 5=e =eart of Ameri.a i! t=at it i! in +rin.i+le a .la!!le!! !o.iet%. 6ilitar% !ervi.e ma% 1e onl% one form of +'1li. !ervi.e@ 1't it i! a .r'.ial one. 23.e+t /=ere .on!.ien.e i! involve @ a! in t=e .a!e of +a.ifi!t!@ o+tin$ o't !=o'l not 1e a .=oi.e t=at t=e ri.= .an make !o m'.= more ea!il% t=an t=e +oor. Rein!tit'tin$ t=e militar% raft ma% not 1e +oliti.all% +o!!i1le. 7t mi$=t 1e.ome .o'nter+ro '.tive even if +o!!i1le. -'t it i! not in +rin.i+le /ron$. U(or a more etaile e3+o!ition of t=i! +o!ition@ !ee *te+=en Poel 5ra.=ten1er$@ F*=are t=e -'r en or (o1 7t 4ffKF in t=e Novem1er 2003 i!!'e of 5=e ;orl [ 7.V A !tron$ nation /it= a !tron$ !en!e of +'1li. !ervi.e /o'l 1e one in /=i.= in ivi 'al! from all 1a.k$ro'n ! /o'l e!ire a +erio of !ervi.e in t=e militar%@ a! o t=e */i!!@ in e+en entl% of +a%ment an .areer trainin$. 7n t=e a1!en.e of a !tron$ !en!e of .ommitment t=at lea ! t=o!e from all 1a.k$ro'n ! to vol'nteer for an$ero'! !ervi.e in /ar!@ a raft i! e!ira1le an ma% 1e ne.e!!ar% in !ome .ir.'m!tan.e!. 7t 'n ermine! t=e =ealt= an !afet% of a nation if t=o!e /=o !erve feel t=at t=e% =ave 1e.ome '+e! of t=e ri.=@ t=e +o/erf'l@ or t=e in ifferent.

59

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Draft Ciolates $i)hts Slavery Analo)y

A!: Slavery analo)y ;illiam A. *alston@ +rofe!!or .ivi. en$a$ement :niver!it% of 6ar%lan Colle$e 0ark@ Pan'ar% 1@ 20"# AH5=inkin$ a1o't t=e raft@I 0'1li. 7ntere!t No. 154C *lave! or .itiMen!K 6% !'$$e!tion@ =o/ever@ fa.e! a t=re!=ol o1Oe.tion@ one t=at i! /i el% !=are 1% .on!ervative! an li1eral! alike. An% !i$nifi.ant !=ift 1a.k to/ar a man ator% !%!tem of militar% man+o/er@ it i! !ai @ /o'l re+re!ent an a1'!e of !tate +o/er. 7n a re.ent arti.le a++earin$ in t=e Ne/ Re+'1li.@ P' $e Ri.=ar 0o!ner enli!t! Po=n *t'art 6ill a! an all% in t=e .a'!e of .la!!i.al li1erali!m--a t=eor% of limite $overnment t=at +rovi e! an F'no1tr'!ive frame/ork for +rivate a.tivitie!.F ,imite $overnment !o .on.eive @ 0o!ner a!!ert!@ F=a! no i eolo$%@ no D+roOe.t!@D 1't i! reall% O'!t an a!!o.iation for m't'al +rote.tion.F 0o!ner .ele1rate! t=e re.ent emer$en.e of /=at =e .all! t=e F6illian .enterF--a form of +oliti.! t=at A'nlike t=e !o.iali!t ,eftC em1ra.e! e.onomi. li1ert% an A'nlike .'lt'ral .on!ervative! on t=e Ri$=tC en or!e! +er!onal li1ert%@ an =e e+lore! mo ern .omm'nitariani!mD! .riti8'e of 'ntrammele +er!onal li1ert% in t=e name of t=e .ommon $oo . #i$= on 0o!nerD! 1ill of +arti.'lar! a$ain!t man% .omm'nitarian! i! t=eir re.ommen ation to rein!tit'te a raft. -efore en$a$in$ 0o!nerD! ar$'ment@ 7 !=o'l note t=at =i! attem+t to a++ro+riate 6illD! 4n ,i1ert% to o++o!e .on!.ri+tion i! ee+l% mi!$'i e . 5=i! i! .lear if one look! at a fe/ of t=e o+enin$ !enten.e! from t=e fo'rt= .=a+ter@ F4f t=e ,imit! to t=e A't=orit% of *o.iet% 4ver t=e 7n ivi 'alFB 2ver%one /=o re.eive! t=e +rote.tion of !o.iet% o/e! a ret'rn for t=e 1enefit@ an t=e fa.t of livin$ in !o.iet% ren er! it in i!+en!a1le t=at ea.= !=o'l 1e 1o'n to o1!erve a .ertain line of .on '.t to/ar t=e re!t. 5=i! .on '.t .on!i!t!@ fir!t@ in not inO'rin$ t=e intere!t! of one anot=er@ or rat=er .ertain intere!t! /=i.=@ eit=er 1% e3+re!! le$al +rovi!ion or 1% ta.it 'n er!tan in$@ o'$=t to 1e .on!i ere a! ri$=t!L an !e.on l%@ in ea.= +er!onD! 1earin$ =i! !=are Ato 1e fi3e on !ome e8'ita1le +rin.i+leC of t=e la1or! an !a.rifi.e! in.'rre for efen in$ t=e !o.iet% or it! mem1er! from inO'r% an mole!tation. 5=e!e .on ition! !o.iet% i! O'!tifie in enfor.in$ at all .o!t! to t=o!e /=o en eavor to /it==ol f'lfillment. Uitali.! mineV Clearl%@ 6illD! li1erali!m =a! little to o /it= 0o!nerD! F6illian .enter.F -e t=at a! it ma%@ letD! take a .lo!er look at 0o!nerD! ar$'ment. 0o!ner .onten ! t=at F.on!.ri+tion .o'l 1e e!.ri1e a! a form of !laver%@ in t=e !en!e t=at a .on!.ri+t i! a +er!on e+rive of t=e o/ner!=i+ of =i! o/n la1or.F 7f !laver% i! immoral@ r'n! t=e ar$'ment@ !o i! t=e raft. 7n a !imilar vein@ t=e +=ilo!o+=er Ro1ert NoMi.k on.e .onten e t=at Fta3ation of earnin$! from la1or i! on a +ar /it= for.e la1or.F A7f NoMi.k /ere ri$=t@ t=en t=e A&( t=at 0o!ner !'++ort!@ f'n e a! it i! /it= ta3 ollar!@ .o'l al!o 1e e!.ri1e a! on a +ar /it= for.e la1or.C -ot= 0o!nerD! an NoMi.kD! ar$'ment! +rove too m'.=. 7f ea.= in ivi 'alD! o/ner!=i+ of =i! or =er o/n la1or i! !een a! a1!ol'te@ t=en !o.iet% a! !'.= 1e.ome! im+o!!i1le@ 1e.a'!e no +oliti.al .omm'nit% .an o+erate /it=o't re!o'r.e!@ /=i.= m'!t 'ltimatel% .ome from !omeone. #i!tor% =a! +roven t=at no +olit% of an% !iMe .an !'1!i!t t=ro'$= vol'ntar% .ontri1'tion! aloneL t=e inevita1le freeri er! m'!t 1e .om+elle 1% la/ to o t=eir !=are. 4ne mi$=t o1Oe.t@ rea!ona1l% eno'$=@ t=at t=i! ar$'ment ill'!trate! t=e ifferen.e 1et/een ta3ation an .on!.ri+tionB ;=ile a +oliti.al .omm'nit% i! in.on.eiva1le /it=o't ta3ation@ it i! emon!tra1l% !'!taina1le /it=o't .on!.ri+tion. 7t i! one t=in$ to re!tri.t !elfo/ner!=i+ of la1or o't of ne.e!!it%@ 1't a ver% ifferent matter to re!tri.t it o't of .=oi.e. 5=e +ro1lem i! t=at t=i! ar$'ment +rove! too little. 0o!ner .on.e e! t=at Ft=ere are .ir.'m!tan.e! in /=i.= militar% !ervi.e i! an o1li$ation of .itiMen!=i+.F -'t t=ere are no .ir.'m!tan.e! in /=i.= !laver% i! an o1li$ation of .itiMen!=i+. 6oreover@ it i! not morall% im+ermi!!i1le to vol'nteer for militar% !ervi.e. -'t it i! ri$=tl% for1i en to vol'ntaril% +la.e one!elf in !laver%. 5=erefore@ !laver% an militar% !ervi.e m'!t iffer in kin @ not e$ree. ('rt=ermore@ if t=ere are .ir.'m!tan.e! in /=i.= militar% !ervi.e i! an o1li$ation of .itiMen!=i+@ t=en t=e !tate i! O'!tifie in enfor.in$ t=at o1li$ation t=ro'$= .on!.ri+tion. Not/it=!tan in$ t=e li1ertarian in!tin.t! of man% Ameri.an!@ a le$itimate $overnment .annot 1e !ai to =ave e3.ee e it! ri$=tf'l a't=orit% 1% im+lementin$ a man ator% !%!tem of militar% re.r'itment.

60

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Draft Ciolates $i)hts

Non uni'ue economic necessity is compulsion 6i.=ael P. Sandel@ Anne 5. an Ro1ert 6. -a!! 0rofe!!or of Government #arvar :niver!it%@ P'ne 22@ 20"4 AH;=at 6one% *=o'l n<t -'%@I 5=e #e $e=o$ Revie/ &ol. 5@ No. 2C 5=e ifferen.e 1et/een .on!.ri+tion an t=e vol'nteer arm% i! not t=at one i! .om+'l!or%@ /=erea! t=e ot=er i! notL it i! rat=er t=at ea.= em+lo%! a ifferent form of .om+'l!ion--t=e !tate in t=e fir!t .a!e@ e.onomi. ne.e!!it% in t=e !e.on . 4nl% if +eo+le are !imilarl% !it'ate to 1e$in /it= .an it 1e !ai t=at t=e .=oi.e to !erve for +a% refle.t! +eo+leD! +referen.e!@ rat=er t=an t=eir limite alternative!. 5=e a.t'al .om+o!ition of t=e Ameri.an all-vol'nteer arm% !eem! to1ear o't t=i! o1Oe.tion. Con$re!!man C=arle! Ran$el@ /=o re.entl% .alle for revivin$ t=e raft@ +oint! o't t=at Afri.an-Ameri.an! make '+ 20 +er.ent of t=e militar%. A12C 5=irt% +er.ent of t=e :.*. arm% troo+! /=o /ere !ent to fi$=t t=e fir!t G'lf ;ar /ere Afri.an-Ameri.an!@ almo!t t=ree time! t=e +er.enta$e of Afri.an-Ameri.an! in t=e +o+'lation a! a /=ole. 5=e enli!tment rate! for .=il ren of t=e ri.=e!t 15+er.ent of t=e +o+'lation are onefift= t=at of t=e national avera$e. A13C A..or in$ to !o.iolo$i!t C=arle! 6o!ko!@ an a vo.ate of 'niver!al national !ervi.e@ in 0rin.etonD! .la!! 1956@ from /=i.= =e $ra 'ate @ 450 of 750 $ra 'ate! !erve in t=e militar%@ /=ile la!t %ear@ onl% t=ree of 0rin.etonD! a++ro3imatel% 1@000 $ra 'ate! !erve . A14C *oit i! ea!% to a++re.iate t=e for.e of t=e o1Oe.tion t=at t=e vol'nteer arm% i! not a! vol'ntar% a! it !eem!. Non uni'ue stop&loss orders Diane #. Ma1ur@ :niver!it% of (lori a ,evin Colle$e of ,a/@ 20"4 A32 #of!tra ,. Rev. 553C U\554V *e.retar% R'm!fel D! re!+on!e to t=e re+orterD! 8'e!tion a1o't man ator% national !ervi.e /a! 1e/il erin$ in it! irrationalit%. R'm!fel invoke t=e 'nfairne!! of t=e &ietnam-era militar% raft@ /=i.= +ermitte n'mero'! e3em+tion! an eferment! from !ervi.e@ 1't =e faile to mention t=at mo!t of t=o!e e3em+tion! an eferment! - +arti.'larl% t=e .ontrover!ial .olle$e eferment /ere no lon$er availa1le 'n er .ontem+orar% raft r'le!. n5 Certainl% R'm!fel /a! a/are t=at !ele.tive !ervi.e la/ =a .=an$e !i$nifi.antl% !in.e t=e =ei$=t of t=e &ietnam .onfli.t. R'm!fel al!o !tret.=e t=e tr't= in .=ara.teriMin$ all mem1er! of t=e militar% t=en on a.tive 't% a! vol'nteer!@ kno/in$ t=at =e =a i!!'e F!to+-lo!!F n6 or er! t=at !ame a% to +revent !ervi.emem1er! from leavin$ t=e militar% even t=o'$= t=e% =a .om+lete t=eir a$ree -'+on term of !ervi.e or =a 8'alifie for retirement@ n7 an al!o kno/in$ t=at man% re!ervi!t! =a alrea % 1een U\555V invol'ntaril% e3ten e on a.tive 't% into a !e.on %ear@ t=e lon$e!t re!erve .all-'+! !in.e t=e &ietnam ;ar. n8 6o!t ine3+li.a1l%@ =i! vi!.eral rea.tion to t=e +o!!i1ilit% of a raft .a'!e =im to i!+ara$e t=e !ervi.e of million! of veteran! /=o =a 1een rafte into !ervi.e to t=e :nite *tate! over t=e la!t =alf-.ent'r%. 7t !eeme t=at R'm!fel =a tem+oraril% lo!t =i! min B

61

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Iran !AC Add&On

A3 Draft creates a deterrent a)ainst all threats Solves Iran nucleari1ation 0a'l 0ane% 6arine /=o !erve in 7ra8 an a fello/ at t=e 9enne % *.=ool of Government@ 4"20" !""/ AHA 0ea.ef'l Call to Arm!I@
Ne/ Nork 5ime!C 0re!i ent (ranklin D. Roo!evelt ma!terf'll% +re+are Ameri.an! 1efore t=e :nite *tate! entere ;orl ;ar 77 1% initiatin$ a +ea.etime raft 'n er t=e *ele.tive 5rainin$ an *ervi.e A.t of 1940. No/@ ,resident ush and Con)ress should reinstitute selective service 'n er a lotter% /it=o't an% eferment!. 5=i! !in$le a.tion /ill !en a !tron$ me!!a$e to t=ree .on!tit'en.ie! in t=e .ri!i! over 7ranD! n'.lear intention! -- 7ran@ o't!i e +o/er! like C=ina an R'!!ia an Ameri.an! at =ome -- an +er=a+! lea to a +ea.ef'l re!ol'tion. 7ranD! lea er! an +'1li. /ill !ee t=at t=e :nite *tate! i! !erio'! a1o't en!'rin$ t=at t=e% never +o!!e!! a n'.lear /ea+on. 5=e C=ine!e an R'!!ian $overnment! /ill !ee t=at t=eir i+lomati. infl'en.e !=o'l 1e e3er.i!e !ooner rat=er t=an later an !to+ =an$in$ 1a.k. -'t mo!t im+ortant@ Ameri.aD! elite! an or inar% .itiMen! alike /ill kno/ t=at t=e% ma% 1e .alle '+on for /artime !ervi.e an !a.rifi.e. ,resident ush =a! t=e +erfe.t .re ential! over!ea! to e3e.'te t=i! move @ an little +oliti.al .a+ital at =ome to lo!e at t=i! !ta$e. 0oll! .onfirm t=at a /i e maOorit% of +eo+le in man% .o'ntrie! vie/ =im an t=e :nite *tate! a! t=e maOor t=reat to $lo1al +ea.e. ;=% let t=em o/n on t=i! .o'ntK Go /it= t=e flo/. 0re!i ent Ronal Rea$an /a! t=e +a!t ma!ter of '!in$ t=i! !trate$% 'rin$ t=e .ol /ar. Rea$an .a+italiMe on =i! ima$e a! t=e ma man at t=e =elm to kee+ t=e R'!!ian! off 1alan.e@ '!in$ t=e !i$n! of /ar to i!!'a e o'r foe! an avert a.t'al /ar. ,resident ush !=o'l take a +a$e from Rea$anD! +la%1ook. 7ranD! lea er! are =i$=l% !en!itive to 7ranian +'1li. attit' e! a1o't t=e n'.lear +ro$ram. 5=at@ at lea!t@ i! t=e im+re!!ion one $et! from a !+ee.= $iven 1e=in .lo!e oor! to 7ranD! *'+reme C'lt'ral Revol'tion Co'n.il 1% #a!!an Ro/=ani@ t=e former .=ief n'.lear ne$otiator /it= t=e 2'ro+ean!. 7n t=e te3t of =i! remark! +'1li!=e la!t %ear 1% an 7ranian +oli.% Oo'rnal@ 6r. Ro/=ani !ai t=e n'.lear i!!'e =a alrea % .reate too man% =ea line!@ an t=at DD/=atever /e o@ /e m'!t =ave t=e !'++ort of t=e +'1li..DD 2n$a$in$ 7ranian +'1li. o+inion at a ee+er level .an onl% en=an.e t=e +ro!+e.t! for a +ea.ef'l !ettlement. -% !i$nalin$ to 7ranian! t=at t=e .o!t of a .lan e!tine n'.lear +ro$ram /ill 1e e3+en!ive -- in 1loo @ trea!'re@ time an !tan in$ -- rein!tit'tion of !ele.tive national !ervi.e in t=e :nite *tate! /ill alter t=e .al.'l'! of t=e .ri!i! /it= 7ran. A! it no/ !tan !@ /e =ave an Ameri.an a mini!tration t=at i! etermine to en% t=e 7ranian! n'.lear /ea+on! 1't nee ! time to effe.t re$ime .=an$e in 5e=ran. 7ranD! =ar -line lea er!=i+@ mean/=ile@ nee ! time to !olve t=e te.=nolo$i.al .=allen$e of enri.=in$ eno'$= 'rani'm to make an atomi. 1om1. :nfort'natel%@ /it= time in !=ort !'++l% for 1ot= !i e!@ t=e .la!= of national /ill! i! e!.alatin$@ an a militar% .onfli.t !eem! more likel%.

3 Iranian Nucleari1ation leads to rapid middle east proliferation Gar% Milhollin% ire.tor of t=e ;i!.on!in 0roOe.t on N'.lear Arm! Control@ !""4 AHN'.lear -reako't in t=e 6i le 2a!tI@
=tt+B""///./i!.on!in+roOe.t.or$"+'1!"arti.le!"2003"1itterlemon!.=tmC 5=ere i! ever% rea!on to t=ink t=at 7ran /ill a.=ieve n'.lear /ea+on! !tat'! if it !ta%! it! +re!ent .o'r!e. 5=e .entrif'$e! a++ear to 1e f'n.tional@ an 7ran =a! mana$e to 1'% e8'i+ment nee e to a!!em1le or make .entrif'$e! on it! o/n. *=o'l 7ran enter t=e n'.lear .l'1@ t=e 6i le 2a!t /ill fa.e a n'.lear-arme !tate /it= lon$!tan in$ tie! to terrori!m an a $ro/in$ mi!!ile fleet. 7ranD! mi!!ile! are .a+a1le of .arr%in$ a n'.lear-!iMe +a%loa not onl% to 7!rael@ 1't to Por an@ 7ra8@ *%ria@ *a' i Ara1ia an +o!!i1l% 2$%+t. 7t i! naive to t=ink t=at none of t=e!e !tate! /ill rea.t. :Mi R'1in@ former ire.tor of efen!e +oli.% at 7!raelD! National *e.'rit% Co'n.il@ +re i.te in an 4.to1er 2003 !+ee.= to an international .onferen.e on mi!!ile efen!e t=at an 7ranian 1om1 /o'l !+'r n'.lear /ea+on move! 1% 1ot= 2$%+t an *a' i Ara1ia. 2$%+t oe! not +o!!e!! !'.= /ea+on! no/@ 1't in t=e +a!t =a! .on!i ere 1'il in$ t=em. 7t =a! alrea % 1e$'n to +ro '.e *.' -t%+e mi!!ile! .a+a1le of .arr%in$ a n'.lear /ar=ea to 7!rael. *a' i Ara1ia oe! not +o!!e!! t=e 1om1 eit=er@ 1't it 1o'$=t a fleet of C=ine!e mi!!ile! in t=e 1980! t=at .o'l eliver n'.lear /ar=ea ! to man% +oint! in t=e 6i le 2a!t@ an it i! r'more to =ave i!.'!!e n'.lear .oo+eration re.entl% /it= 0aki!tan. Given t=e fa.t t=at 0aki!tan =a! !ol 'rani'm .entrif'$e te.=nolo$% to Nort= 9orea@ an i! r'more to =ave !'++lie t=e !ame to 7ran@ an% n'.lear talk! 1et/een it an t=e *a' i! !=o'l .a'!e real alarm. Neit=er *a' i Ara1ia nor 2$%+t /o'l like to !ee 7ran ominate t=e re$ion. 7n a ition to all t=i!@ ,i1%a =a! !=o/n !i$n! of rene/e n'.lear a.tivit%. Colonel Ra afi =a! 1een talkin$ to t=e R'!!ian! a1o't ref'r1i!=in$ =i! 5aO'ra n'.lear !ite@ an a1o't 1'il in$ a +o/er rea.tor. ,i1%a =a! for %ear! im+orte *.' -t%+e mi!!ile! from Nort= 9orea. 5='! t=e n'.lear 8'e!tion in t=e 6i le 2a!t i! not O'!t 1et/een 7!raeli! an 6'!lim!. A n'.lear 1reako't 1% 7ran /o'l affe.t inter7!lami. rivalrie! a! /ell. 5=at i! /=% t=e n'.lear f't're in 7ran i! !o im+ortant.

62

Cal 2k6-7

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Iran !AC Add&On

C3 the impact is nuclear -ar Ne- Oor( ;imes% 1@14@!""/
y doin) so% it thumbed its nose at all t=o!e $overnment!@ in.l' in$ t=e :nite *tate!@ t=at =a 1een /orkin$ +atientl% an .reativel% to fin a i+lomati. form'la t=at met ever%oneD! nee ! /it=o't a in$ to n'.lear an$er!. No/ t=o!e .o'ntrie! -- alon$ /it= C=ina@ /=o!e veto +o/er on t=e :nite Nation! *e.'rit% Co'n.il make! it an e!!ential +arti.i+ant -- nee to look for ne/ /a%! to !to+@ or at lea!t !lo/ o/n@ 7ranD! n'.lear /ea+on! rive. 2ver% ne/ a ition to t=e ro!ter of n'.lear /ea+on! !tate! !i$nifi.antl% rai!e! t=e o ! t=at n'.lear /ea+on! /ill 1e '!e in /ar@ or /ill 1e.ome availa1le to terrori!t!. 5=o!e an$er! are e!+e.iall% a.'te in t=e .a!e of 7ran 'n er it! ra i.all% 1elli$erent lea er!=i+@ /=i.= =a! .alle for t=e elimination of 7!rael an maintain! .lo!e tie! /it= $ro'+! t=at =ave em1ra.e terrori!m.

D3 Middle ?ast conflict causes )lobal nuclear -ar Steinbach !""! ) Anal%!t@ Center for Re!ear.= on Glo1ali!ation =tt+B""///.$lo1alre!ear.=..a"arti.le!"*52203A.=tml
6ean/=ile@ t=e e3i!ten.e of an ar!enal of ma!! e!tr'.tion in !'.= an 'n!ta1le re$ion in t'rn =a! !erio'! im+li.ation! for f't're arm! .ontrol an i!armament ne$otiation!@ an even t=e t=reat of n'.lear /ar. *e%mo'r #er!= /arn!@ F*=o'l /ar 1reak o't in t=e 6i le 2a!t a$ain@... or !=o'l an% Ara1 nation fire mi!!ile! a$ain!t 7!rael@ a! t=e 7ra8i! i @ a n'.lear e!.alation@ on.e 'nt=inka1le e3.e+t a! a la!t re!ort@ /o'l no/ 1e a !tron$ +ro1a1ilit%.FA41C an 2Mar ;ei!!man@ 7!raelD! .'rrent 0re!i ent !ai F5=e n'.lear i!!'e i! $ainin$ moment'm Aan t=eC ne3t /ar /ill not 1e .onventional.FA42C R'!!ia an 1efore it t=e *oviet :nion =a! lon$ 1een a maOor Aif not t=e maOorC tar$et of 7!raeli n'ke!. 7t i! /i el% re+orte t=at t=e +rin.i+al +'r+o!e of Ponat=an 0ollar D! !+%in$ for 7!rael /a! to f'rni!= !atellite ima$e! of *oviet tar$et! an ot=er !'+er !en!itive ata relatin$ to :.*. n'.lear tar$etin$ !trate$%. A43C A*in.e la'n.=in$ it! o/n !atellite in 1988@ 7!rael no lon$er nee ! :.*. !+% !e.ret!.C 7!raeli n'ke! aime at t=e R'!!ian =eartlan !erio'!l% .om+li.ate i!armament an arm! .ontrol ne$otiation! an @ at t=e ver% lea!t@ t=e 'nilateral +o!!e!!ion of n'.lear /ea+on! 1% 7!rael i! enormo'!l% e!ta1iliMin$@ an ramati.all% lo/er! t=e t=re!=ol for t=eir a.t'al '!e@ if not for all o't n'.lear /ar. 7n t=e /or ! of 6ark Gaffne%@ F... if t=e familar +atternA7!rael refinin$ it! /ea+on! of ma!! e!tr'.tion /it= :.*. .om+li.it%C i! not rever!e !oon - for /=atever rea!on - t=e deepenin) Middle ?ast conflict could tri))er a -orld confla)ration3P A44C

63

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Civil&Military $elations Adv3@Add&On CM$ !AC Add&On

a3 Draft involves civilians in military affairs and improves civil military relations Pa.o1 7eisber)% e itor of *late 6a$aMine@ 3"22"!""/ A=tt+B""///.!late..om"i "2138481"C
-e.a'!e .on!.ri+tion a++eal! to e!!entiall% no one@ t=e :nite *tate! =a! live /it= t=e All-&ol'nteer (or.e !in.e t=e en of t=e &ietnam ;ar. ;it= t=e nation at +ea.e or involve onl% in lo/-$ra e intervention! t=at entaile limite ri!k@ not =avin$ a raft /orke relativel% /ell. 5=e militar% ma e it!elf attra.tive a! an aven'e of !o.ial mo1ilit%@ offerin$ mem1er! of t=e lo/er mi le .la!! te.=ni.al trainin$ an e '.ational o++ort'nit% in e3.=an$e for to'r! of 't%. A! t=e Col ;ar en e @ re '.tion! in t=e level of troo+! t=at /ere nee e allo/e t=e arme for.e! to rai!e t=eir !tan ar ! an 1e.ome more !ele.tive. 5=at /e i nDt nee more man+o/er an t=at t=e 0enta$on /a!nDt '!in$ t=e o/ntro en for .annon fo er effe.tivel% !ettle t=e 8'e!tion. -'t 7ra8 =a! .=an$e all t=at. A !ol ierD! o ! of 1ein$ kille in 7ra8 are !ome/=at lo/er t=an t=e% /ere in &ietnam@ 1't t=i! oe! not make it a !afer +la.e for .om1atant!. 5=e ri!k of 1ein$ inO're in 7ra8 i! !i$nifi.antl% =i$=er t=an it /a! in &ietnamE3.1 +er.ent of all t=o!e /=o =ave !erve @ a! o++o!e to 1.8 +er.ent over a m'.= lon$er +erio in &ietnam@ a..or in$ to ,ewswee". 5=ank! to !trikin$ a van.e! in fiel me i.ine@ !ol ier! /=o /o'l =ave ie in an% ot=er /ar no/ !'rvive@ 1't t=e% often o !o /it= .ata!tro+=i.@ life-alterin$ inO'rie!. Da/nin$ .om+re=en!ion of O'!t =o/ an$ero'! !ervi.e in 7ra8 i! =a! ma e it =ar er an =ar er for t=e militar% to meet it! +er!onnel $oal!. De!+ite rai!in$ .a!= 1on'!e! to G10@000 an .olle$e !.=olar!=i+! to G70@000@ t=e Arm% mi!!e it! re.r'itin$ tar$et la!t %ear 1% nearl% 10 +er.ent. 7t =a! no/ even !to++e ro'tinel% i!.=ar$in$ +eo+le /it= r'$ an al.o=ol +ro1lem!. 5=ere are !ome /=o ar$'e t=at Ameri.a !=o'l 1rin$ 1a.k t=e raft 1e.a'!e of t=e enno1lin$ effe.t! of militar% !ervi.eE.la!! mi3in$@ +er!onal $ro/t=@ better mutual understandin) across the civilian&military divide @ an !o on. 5=e!e are /ort=% $oal! 1't not reall% !'ffi.ient to O'!tif% e+rivin$ %o'n$ +eo+le of t=eir free om in t=e a1!en.e of a tr'e national nee . ;=at oe! O'!tif% it i! t=e !.ale of eat= an inO'r% in 7ra8@ /=i.= make! rel%in$ on an all-vol'nteer for.e +ainf'll% 'n emo.rati. an 'nfair. A re!'m+tion of t=e raft /o'l 1e ever%oneD! ni$=tmare. -'t let '! 1e =one!t eno'$= to a mit t=at not =avin$ a raft i!nDt /orkin$ eit=er.

b3 ,oor CM$ ris(s nuclear -ar 0eter D. <eaver% A!!i!tant +rofe!!or of +oliti.al !.ien.e at D'ke :niver!it%@ AR62D (4RC2* AND *4C725N@ ;inter 199/@ +.
+ro8'e!t A ire.t !eiM're of +oliti.al +o/er 1% t=e militar% i! t=e tra itional /orr% of .ivil militar% relation! t=eor%. ,e!! o1vio'!@ 1't O'!t a! !ini!ter@ i! t=e a1ilit% of t=e military to destroy society 1% rainin$ it of re!o'r.e! in a 8'e!t for ever $reater !tren$t= a! a =e $e a$ain!t t=e enemie! of t=e !tate. Net anot=er .on.ern i! t=at a ro$'e militar% .o'l involve t=e !o.iet% in /ar! an .onfli.t! .ontrar% to !o.iet%D! intere!t!@ eit=er ire.tl% a! in t=e =%+ot=eti.al precipitation of a nuclear -ar or in ire.tl% a! in t=e ;orl ;ar 7 .a!e of ri$i mo1iliMation !.=e 'le! t=at .ame to i.tate !tate +oli.% in t=e final a%! of t=e .ri!i!. An @ finall%@ t=ere i! a .on.ern over t=e simple matter of obedienceB even if t=e militar% oe! not e!tro% !o.iet%@ /ill it o1e% it! .ivilian ma!ter! or /ill it '!e it! .on!i era1le .oer.ive +o/er to re!i!t .ivilian direction and pursue its own interests?

64

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

CM$ Ao- No-@ rin(

Civ&Mil lo- no- but hasn6t tipped into the abyss yet on the brin( must reverse the trend no6i.=ael O65anlon@ *enior (ello/ of (orei$n 0oli.% *t' ie! T -rookin$! 7n!tit'te@ 11"28" !""+ AHCivil 6ilitar% Relation!B 4'r
Dan$ero'! Gro/in$ Divi eI@ =tt+B""///.1rookin$!.e '"vie/!"o+-e "o=anlon"20051128.=tmC 7n re.ent mont=! a .ivil-militar% ivi e =a! emer$e in t=e :nite *tate! over t=e /ar in 7ra8. :nlike m'.= of t=e 7ra8 e1ate 1et/een Demo.rat! an Re+'1li.an!@ it i! over t=e +re!ent an t=e f't're rat=er t=an t=e +a!t. 7n.rea!in$l%@ .ivilian! /orr% t=at t=e /ar i! 1ein$ lo!t@ or at lea!t not /on. -'t t=e militar% a++ear! a! .onfi ent a! ever of 'ltimate vi.tor%. 5=i! ifferen.e of o+inion oe! not amo'nt to a .ri!i! in national re!olve@ an it /ill not ra i.all% affe.t o'r 7ra8 +oli.% in t=e !=ort term. -'t it i! in!i io'! an an$ero'! nonet=ele!!. 5o t=e e3tent +o!!i1le@ t=e $a+ !=o'l 1e .lo!e . 7n fa.t@ o1Oe.tive realitie! in 7ra8 !'$$e!t t=at t=e militar% i! too o+timi!ti.E1't al!o t=at t=e +'1li. an t=e !trate$i. .omm'nit% are 1e.omin$ too fatali!ti.. Neit=er of t=e!e o'tlook! !=o'l 1e left 'n.=e.ke . 5o t=e e3tent t=at militar% +lanner! !ee 7ra8 t=ro'$= a ro!% +ri!m@ t=e% ma% not favor makin$ +oli.% .=an$e! /=en t=e% !=o'l . An if /e !ome=o/ lo!e in 7ra8@ t=e militar% ma% .olle.tivel% 1lame t=e national me ia an t=e Ameri.an 1o % +oliti. for a efeat t=at o..'rre on t=e !treet! of 7ra8. 4n t=e ot=er =an @ if t=e +'1li. 1e.ome! too ne$ative a1o't t=e /ar@ .all! for a +remat're e+art're .o'l $ro/ lo' er an lo' erEan =ave a real +oli.% effe.t@ if not t=ro'$= Geor$e -'!= ire.tl% t=en t=ro'$= Con$re!!. 5=e militar%D! ent='!ia!m a1o't t=e .o'r!e of t=e /ar ma% 1e nat'ral amon$ t=o!e fo'r-!tar offi.er! in lea er!=i+ +o!ition!@ for it =a! lar$el% 1e.ome t=eir /ar. 5=eir .areer! =ave 1e.ome !o intert/ine /it= t=e .am+ai$n in 7ra8 t=at tr'l% in e+en ent anal%!i! ma% 1e iffi.'lt. -'t it i! !trikin$ t=at mo!t lo/er-rankin$ offi.er! !eem to !=are t=e irre+re!!i1le o+timi!m of t=eir !'+erior!. 7n talkin$ /it= at lea!t 50 offi.er! t=i! %ear@ 7 =ave met no more t=an a =an f'l e3+re!!in$ an% real o'1t a1o't t=e 1a!i. .o'r!e of t=e /ar. Contra!t t=at /it= t=e re!t of t=e .o'ntr%. 5=e +oll! are .learL t=e Ameri.an +'1li. i! ee+l% /orrie an in.rea!in$l% +e!!imi!ti.. 5=e n'm1er! are not A%etC a1%!malL 30 to 40 +er.ent !till !eem 1'lli!= on tren ! in 7ra8. -'t even amon$ t=o!e /=o !tron$l% !'++ort t=e -'!= a mini!tration@ o'1t! are emer$in$. Amon$ efen!e an 6i le 2a!t anal%!t!@ m% o/n informal !'rve% !'$$e!t! at lea!t a! ne$ative an overall o'tlook@ /it= e.i e l% more +e!!imi!m t=an o+timi!m. 2ven amon$ .entri!t! /=o !'++orte t=e /ar or !a/ t=e .a!e for it@ o+timi!m i! no/ =ar to fin . 6an% e3+e.t t=in$! to $et /or!e@ even m'.= /or!e@ in t=e .omin$ mont=! an %ear!. 6em1er! of 1ot= .am+! =ave +lent% of evi en.e to !'++ort t=eir vie/. -'t t=e ri!k i! t=at ea.= $ro'+ i! !tartin$ to !ele.tivel% i$nore information t=at oe! not fit /it= it! in.rea!in$l% firm .on.e+tion! a1o't =o/ t=in$! are $oin$. (or e3am+le@ militar% lea er! Aan man% -'!= a mini!tration offi.ial!C +oint to !ome $oo ne/! on t=e e.onomi. frontB $ro/in$ $ro!! ome!ti. +ro '.t@ 1'!tle on t=e !treet!@ .reation of !mall 1'!ine!!e!@ a e8'ate availa1ilit% of mo!t =o'!e=ol f'el!@ $ra 'all% im+rovin$ national infra!tr'.t're for /ater an !e/a$e@ more .=il ren in !.=ool@ more 7nternet '!a$e@ an lot! more tele+=one !ervi.e. 5=e% al!o note t=e $ra 'al im+rovement in 7ra8i !e.'rit% for.e!@ /it= 30@000 or more no/ .a+a1le of lar$el% in e+en ent o+eration!. An t=e% ri$=tl% o1!erve t=e remarka1le +ro$re!! ma e in raftin$ t=e 7ra8i .on!tit'tion. A .an- o militar% offi.er a/are of !'.= information@ an al!o ta.ti.all% !'..ee in$ a% in an a% o't in fin in$ an killin$ in!'r$ent!@ i! likel% to !ee a traOe.tor% to/ar vi.tor%. -'t i! t=at reall% /=at i! =a++enin$K Gro/in$ GD0 i! $oo for t=o!e /it= a..e!! to t=e t/in $ol en river! flo/in$ t=ro'$= 7ra8E not t=e 5i$ri! an 2'+=rate!@ 1't oil reven'e an forei$n ai . 5=e re!t of t=e e.onom% i!@ on t=e /=ole@ /eak . :nem+lo%ment remain! in t=e 30 to 40 +er.ent ran$e@ an t=e +!%.=olo$i.all% mo!t .riti.al t%+e of infra!tr'.t'reEele.tri.it%E=a! 1arel% im+rove !in.e *a am #'!!ein fell. 7ra8i !e.'rit% for.e! are $ettin$ 1etter@ 1't t=e% are al!o lo!in$ more t=an 200 men a mont= to t=e in!'r$en.%. Civilian .a!'altie! in 7ra8 from t=e /ar are a! =i$= a! everL .om1ine t=at /it= t=e re$ionD! =i$=e!t .rime rate!@ an 7ra8 =a! .learl% 1e.ome a m'.= more violent !o.iet% !in.e #'!!ein fell. 5a.ti.all%@ t=e re!i!tan.e a++ear! to 1e o'tmane'verin$ t=e 1e!t militar% in t=e /orl in it! '!e of im+rovi!e e3+lo!ive evi.e!. An +oliti.all%@ ever% move for/ar to/ar $reater *'nni Ara1 +arti.i+ation in t=e +oliti.al +ro.e!! !eem! to 1e a..om+anie 1% at lea!t one !te+ 1a.k. 7n t=e !=ort term@ of .o'r!e@ t=i! .ivil-militar% ivi e matter! onl% !o m'.=. 5=e -'!= a mini!tration =a! $reat +oliti.al lee/a% in =o/ it +ro!e.'te! t=e 7ra8 /ar. 4ffi.er! in t=e fiel are not !o !t'11orn a! to re!i!t !mart .=an$e! in +oli.% /=en t=e nee 1e.ome! o1vio'!. An on t=e ot=er !i e of t=in$!@ even t=o!e mem1er! of Con$re!! an t=e +'1li. /=o t=ink /e are !t'.k in !talemate $enerall% o++o!e ra i.al alternative! to +re!ent +oli.%. -'t t=e an$er! of a $ro/in$ ivi e are real. 7n a %ear /e /ill =ave a ne/ Con$re!!@ an if t=e +'1li. =a! 1e.ome fatali!ti. a1o't 7ra8 1% t=en@ Con$re!! ma% a!!ert it!elf in eman in$ ra+i move! to/ar .om+lete /it= ra/alE1e t=e% +r' ent or not. -% .ontra!t@ if militar% offi.er! !ee t=e $oo ne/! more t=an t=e 1a @ t=e% ma% feel in.rea!in$l% .'t off from t=e re!t of t=e .o'ntr%. 5=e% ma% fail to 'n er!tan /=% t=eir re.r'itin$ effort! are not al/a%! a++re.iate 1% +arent!. 5=e% ma% 1e too rel'.tant to .=an$e ta.ti.! a/a% from overl% m'!.'lar .om1at o+eration! t=at =ave a..or e in!'ffi.ient em+=a!i! to +rote.tin$ t=e 7ra8i +o+'lation. 5=e% ma% not feel eno'$= 'r$en.% a1o't a vo.atin$ .=an$e! in +oli.% t=at are nee e t=ereElike m'.= 1etter +rote.tion for 7ra8i !e.'rit% for.e!@ /=i.= remain 1a l% 'n er-armore @ an a Oo1! +ro$ram to ire.tl% tar$et t=e =i$= 'nem+lo%ment rate. 0enetratin$ an re!+e.tf'l .ivil-militar% e1ate! are iffi.'lt to .on '.t@ e!+e.iall% in a time of /ar. -'t /e nee one no/.

65

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Draft 0ey to $estore CM$

Draft (ey to reconnectin) civilians to the military improves CM$ Pa.o1 7eisber)% e itor of *late 6a$aMine@ 3"22"!""/ A=tt+B""///.!late..om"i "2138481"C
5=ree %ear! after t=e inva!ion of 7ra8@ t=e :nite *tate! oe! not feel m'.= like a .o'ntr% at /ar. Nearl% 20@000 Ameri.an !ol ier! =ave 1een kille or inO're to ate@ 1't t=e more .omforta1le amon$ '! fin it !=o.kin$l% ea!% to for$et a1o't t=e .onfli.t for /eek! at a time. 6o!t mi le-.la!! +rofe!!ional!@ a.a emi.!@ an Oo'rnali!t! onDt =ave relative! or frien ! !ervin$ in 7ra8 or Af$=ani!tan. ;e =ave not 1een .alle '+on to make an% !a.rifi.e!@ finan.ial or ot=er/i!e. ;e =ear le!! an le!! a1o't t=e o..'+ation on t=e evenin$ ne/!@ an even in 1i$ .itie! it i! 'n'!'al to en.o'nter an anti-/ar emon!tration. 5=e t=ir -anniver!ar% +rote!t !ta$e in Ne/ Nork la!t /eeken /a! an e!+e.iall% !=a11% a!!em1la$e of mot=-eaten ra i.al!. 5=e main rea!on t=at t=e /ar remain! !o remote from t=e live! of mi le-.la!! Ameri.an! i! t=e a1!en.e of a militar% raft. 5=i! i! a !'1Oe.t t=at no one !eem! to /ant to talk a1o't. *'++orter! of t=e /ar efinitel% o not /ant to talk a1o't it. 0re!i ent -'!= an &i.e 0re!i ent C=ene% rea.t an$ril% to an% !'$$e!tion t=at a raft mi$=t 1e nee e @ 1e.a'!e t=e% kno/ t=at t=e +ro!+e.t of .on!.ri+tion /o'l make t=eir e.i!ion to inva e 7ra8 even more 'n+o+'lar. #avin$ live t=ro'$= &ietnam an !=irke t=e raft t=em!elve!@ t=e% 'n er!tan t=at if +eo+le an%/=ere near t=eir o/n !tation in life /ere for.e to fi$=t@ an% remainin$ !'++ort for /ar! of ar$'a1le ne.e!!it% /o'l r% '+ an 1lo/ a/a%.

66

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

CM$ 0ey to Stop 7ars

CICIA MIAI;A$O $?AA;IONS A$? C$I;ICAA ;O ,$?C?N;IN* MA=O$ 7A$S AND CON<AIC;S IN 2S <O$?I*N ,OAICO3 Ri.=ar 0ohn@ 0rofe!!or of #i!tor%@ :niver!it% of Nort= Carolina@ 6ilitar% 0er!onnel *'1.ommittee 4f 5=e #o'!e Arme *ervi.e!@ (DC# 04,757CA, 5RAN*CR705*@ Novem1er 4@ 1999@ +. Ne3i!
6% fo.'! i! on t=e relation!=i+ of t=e militar% to !o.iet%. Civil-militar% relation! are critical to national defense. 7f t=e arme for.e! iver$e in attit' e or 'n er!tan in$ 1e%on /=at i! e3+e.te of t=e militar% +rofe!!ion in a emo.rati. !o.iet%@ =ave le!! .onta.t@ $ro/ le!! intere!te in or kno/le $ea1le a1o't ea.= ot=er@ t=e conse'uences could be si)nificant. 2a.= .o'l lose confidence in the other. Re.r'itin$ .o'l 1e dama)ed. Military effectiveness .o'l 1e harmed. 5=e re!o'r.e! evote to national efen!e .o'l e.line 1elo/ /=at i! a e8'ate. Civil-militar% .oo+eration .o'l eteriorate@ /it= impact on the ability of t=e :nite *tate! to '!e militar% for.e! to maintain the peace or support American forei)n policy.

67

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

CM$ Modeled Impact J *lobal

CICIA MIAI;A$O A<<AI$S 5AC? *AO AA IM,AICA;IONS3 2liot Cohen@ 0rofe!!or of *trate$i. *t' ie! at Po=n! #o+kin!@ 4R-7*@ *+rin$ 199L% +.155
6ore im+ortant@ .ivil-militar% relation! in t=e :nite *tate! no/ no lon$er affe.t merel% t=e .lo!et-room +oliti.! of ;a!=in$ton@ 1't t=e relation! of .o'ntrie! aro'n t=e /orl . Ameri.an .=oi.e! a1o't t=e '!e of for.e@ t=e !=re/ ne!! of Ameri.an !trate$%@ t=e !o'n ne!! of Ameri.an ta.ti.!@ an t=e /ill of Ameri.an lea er! =ave )lobal conse'uences. ;=at mi$=t =ave 1een petty s'uabbles in by)one years are no/ ma)nified into 'uarrels of a far lar)er scale@ an .on.eiva1l% -ith far more )rievous conse'uences.

68

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

CM$ 0ey to $eadiness

D?CAIN? IN $?AA;IONS A?ADS ;O MIAI;A$O DISO ?DI?NC? 3 0eter D. <eaver% A!!i!tant +rofe!!or of +oliti.al !.ien.e at D'ke :niver!it%@ AR62D (4RC2* AND *4C725N@ *+rin$ 199:% +.
+ro8'e!t 5=e militar%D! rel'.tan.e to em1ra.e t=e *omalia@ -o!nia@ an #aiti mi!!ion! =a! 1een /ell- o.'mente . 5=e re!i!tan.e to 0re!i ent ClintonD! e.i!ion to allo/ =omo!e3'al +er!on! to !erve o+enl% in t=e militar% =a! al!o 1een /i el% i!.'!!e . ,e!! /ell kno/n@ at lea!t o't!i e of t=e efen!e e3+ert .omm'nit%@ 1't nonet=ele!! f'rt=er evi en.e of !=irkin$ /ere !imilar effort! to re!i!t t=e ramati. .=an$e! in t=e allo.ation of !ervi.e role! an mi!!ion! .ontem+late 1% *enator N'nn an t=en-.an i ate Clinton. 7n ee @ t=e .ri!i! literat're lar$el% .on!i!t! of .laim! t=at t=e militar% =a! 1een en$a$in$ in 1e=avior t=at t=e a$en.% mo el /o'l .all !=irkin$B fail're to o /=at .ivilian! a!ke for or .om+lian.e in a /a% t=at 'n ermine! t=e relational +rivile$e! of .ivilian +rin.i+al!.

<$2S;$A;ION 2ND?$MIN?S ?<<?C;IC?N?SS3 Po=n Allen 7illiams% A!!o.iate +rofe!!or of +oliti.al !.ien.e at ,o%ola :niver!it%@ ;4R,D AND 7@ *e+tem1er 1@ 1999% +. 306
5o t=e e3tent t=at t=e e!tran$ement 1et/een t=e militar% an !o.iet% i!.'!!e =ere i! real@ it i! not =ealt=%. (ort'natel%@ t=e reme ie! are 8'ite !trai$=tfor/ar . 6't'al 'n er!tan in$ 1et/een t=e militar% an !o.iet% .all! for in.rea!e linka$e! at all level! an an 'n er!tan in$ t=at t=e militar% i! 'ni8'e in!tit'tion /it= !tan ar ! t=at ma% not al/a%! .om+ort /it= t=o!e of t=e !o.iet% it efen !. 5=ere i! al/a%! a 1alan.e to 1e !tr'.k 1et/een .ivil ri$=t! an li1ertie! /it=in t=e militar% an militar% effe.tivene!!. 2ven /it=in t=e militar%@ t=ere i! a ifferen.e in t=e e$ree to /=i.= +arti.'lar for.e! .an or !=o'l 1e e3+e.te to mirror !o.iet%. 7 eolo$'e! at eit=er en of t=e !+e.tr'm onl% make it =ar er to a van.e !en!i1le +oli.ie!.

69

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Democracy Add&On
Draft (ey to civic en)a)ement ,a/ren.e 0aplan% !enior e itor T 5=e Ne/ Re+'1li.@ 9@1!@!""+ AHAmeri.a 7 leI@ The ,ew !epublic5=at !o man% of '! !eem not to =a! !omet=in$@ alt=o'$= not ever%t=in$@ to o /it= t=e 8'alit% of o'r lea er!=i+ . -'!= ma% em+lo% =i$=-min e r=etori. a1o't Ameri.aD! +'r+o!e. -'t =i! r=etori. entail! no o1li$ation to a.t. 5=e .o'ntere3am+le of (ranklin Roo!evelt =a! 1e.ome a favorite .li.=e amon$ t=e +re!i entD! .riti.!. An for $oo rea!on. 7f -'!= =a!@ in !ome re!+e.t!@ follo/e in t=e foot!te+! of (DR a1roa @ =e =a! $overne more like ;arren #ar in$ =ere at =ome. FNo le!! t=an De.em1er 7@ 1941@F t=enNational *e.'rit% A vi!er Con oleeMMa Ri.e anno'n.e in 4.to1er 2003@ F*e+tem1er 11@ 2001@ forever .=an$e t=e live! of ever% Ameri.an.F A1o't 1941 !=e /a! .orre.t. A! t=e famo'! ;orl ;ar 77 +o!ter +'t it@ remem1er +earl =ar1orB /ork--fi$=t--!a.rifi.eZZ An Ameri.an! i . ,e$ion! vol'nteere to Ooin t=e militar% Aan million! more /ere rafte C@ /=ile@ on t=e =ome front@ million! of ot=er! la1ore ire.tl% in !'++ort of t=e /ar effort. 5=e% i !o@ in +art@ 1e.a'!e t=eir +re!i ent a!ke t=em to. 7n 1943@ (DR e.lare t=at FDo.tor Ne/ Deal =a! 1een re+la.e 1% Do.tor ;in t=e ;ar.F An @ t=ro'$= !.ra+ rive!@ rationin$@ /ar 1on !@ an a o'1lin$ of t=eir ta3 1'r en@ t=e +'1li. re!+on e in kin . FNo' !ee t=o!e 1om1er! in t=e !k%@F t=e 7rvin$ -erlin t'ne /ent@ FRo.kefeller =el+e 1'il t=em an !o i 7. 7 +ai m% in.ome ta3 to a%.F 7roni.all%@ a! =i!torian Davi 9enne % o.'ment! in =i! 1ook@ (ree om from (earB 5=e Ameri.an 0eo+le in De+re!!ion an ;ar@ 1929-1945@ (DR felt Flet o/nF 1% t=e Ameri.an +eo+le. 7n 1943@ t=e +re!i ent .om+laine t=at too man% Ameri.an! /ere Fla1orin$ 'n er t=e el'!ion t=at t=e time i! +a!t /=en /e m'!t make +ro i$io'! !a.rifi.e!.F ;=at /o'l =e make of t=e +re!ent eraK 5=e .ir.'m!tan.e! t=at re8'ire ma!! mo1iliMation 'rin$ ;orl ;ar 77 are@ of .o'r!e@ not t=e .ir.'m!tan.e! t=e :nite *tate! .onfront! to a%. 7n -'!=D! tellin$@ =o/ever@ t=e /ar on terrori!m re8'ire! !omet=in$ .lo!er to ma!! emo1iliMation. FGet on 1oar @F =e 'r$e in t=e imme iate aftermat= of *e+tem1er 11. F(l% an enOo% Ameri.aD! $reat e!tination !+ot!. Get o/n to Di!ne% ;orl in (lori a. 5ake %o'r familie! an enOo% life.F A! for !a.rifi.e@ t=e +re!i ent ela1orate @ F7 t=ink t=e Ameri.an +eo+le are !a.rifi.in$ no/. 7 t=ink t=e%Dre /aitin$ in air+ort line! lon$er t=an t=e%Dve ever =a 1efore.F Nor@ in t=e en!'in$ fo'r %ear!@ =a! -'!= a!ke or inar% Ameri.an! to !a.rifi.e m'.= of an%t=in$ el!e.

70

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Civic ?n)a)ement 0ey

Civic en)a)ement (ey to democracy ,a/ren.e 0aplan% !enior e itor T 5=e Ne/ Re+'1li.@ 9@1!@!""+ AHAmeri.a 7 leI@ The ,ew !epublic;eekl% *tan ar /riter Davi -rook! ia$no!e t=e .on ition@ too. An @ in 1997@ =e .ame '+ /it= a .'re. 7n a .over !tor% title Fa ret'rn to national $reatne!!@F -rook! e.=oe .on.ern! rai!e 1% Ale3i! e 5o.8'eville nearl% t/o .ent'rie! 1efore. FDemo.ra.% =a! a ten en.% to !li e into ni=ili!ti. me io.rit% if it! .itiMen! are not in!+ire 1% !ome lar$er national $oal@F -rook! .a'tione . 6ore t=an an%t=in$ el!e@ =i! e!!a% took aim at t=e tren to/ar .ivi. i!en$a$ement t=at =a 1een en.o'ra$e @ in =i! tellin$@ 1% t=e t/in fail're! of .'lt'ral li1erali!m an Ne/t Gin$ri.=-era .on!ervati!m. 7f it i! to rever!e t=i! tren @ -rook! ela1orate @ Ft=e fir!t ta!k of $overnment i! to .onve% a !+irit of .onfi en.e an vi$or t=at .an t=en !+ill a.ro!! t=e life of t=e nation.F 5=e mean! to t=i! en /ere lar$el% 1e!i e t=e +oint. F7t almo!t oe!nDt matter /=at $reat ta!k $overnment !et! for it!elf@F =e .on.l' e @ Fa! lon$ a! it oe! !ome tan$i1le t=in$ /it= ener$% an effe.tivene!!.F ;it= t=at@ +'1li. fi$'re! ea$er to re+air t=e .ivi. ama$e of t=e D90! --mo!tl% neo.on!ervative!@ 1't al!o offi.ial! in t=e Demo.rati. ,ea er!=i+ Co'n.il or1it@ *enator Po=n 6.Cain@ an @ later@ .ertain mem1er! of t=e -'!= team /=o !till em+lo% t=e national $reatne!! le3i.on to a%--!tr'$$le to evi!e a mi!!ion /ort=% of t=e name. An faile . 6anline!!@ mon'ment!@ 6ar!--t=e more e3oti. t=e +ro+o!al! to en=an.e .ivi. vi$or 1e.ame@ t=e more it 1e.ame .lear t=at /=at reall% .o'nte /a! not t=e +arti.'lar .a'!e 1't it! 1%-+ro '.t.

Civic en)a)ement (ey to participatory democracy modeled )lobally ,a/ren.e 0aplan% !enior e itor T 5=e Ne/ Re+'1li.@ 9@1!@!""+ AHAmeri.a 7 leI@ The ,ew !epublic5=e !i$nifi.an.e of national $reatne!! /a! never t=e movement it !+a/ne @ 1't rat=er t=e moment it en.a+!'late --a min'te@ reall%@ in /=i.= it /a! =o+e t=at !omet=in$ $oo mi$=t .ome from 1a . ;=at it! a =erent! anti.i+ate after *e+tem1er 11 /a! reall% le!! a ret'rn to national $reatne!! t=an a ret'rn to 1a!i. national $oo ne!!@ a .ivi. 8'alit% t=e e3.e!!e! of t=e D90! !eeme to =ave .orro e . Civi. atta.=ment!@ a !en!e of !=are +'r+o!e@ a +ro+en!it% to !a.rifi.e for t=e .ommon $oo --if =i!tori.al +re.e ent offer! an% $'i e@ all of t=e!e !=o'l =ave 1een rene/e in t=e aftermat= of *e+tem1er 11. A! #arvar D! 5=e a *ko.+ol note in =er 2001 !t' %@ F0atrioti. 0artner!=i+!B ;=% Great ;ar! No'ri!=e Ameri.an Civil &ol'ntari!m@F FAmeri.aD! .ivi. vi$or /a! $reatl% en=an.e @ 1ot= follo/in$ t=e national fratri.i e of t=e 1860! an ami !t t=e +l'n$e into $lo1al .onfli.t 1et/een 1917 an 1919.F 5=e +attern =el 'rin$ ;orl ;ar 77 an t=e .ol /ar@ .onfli.t! t=at 1oo!te ever%t=in$ from mem1er!=i+ in vol'ntar% a!!o.iation! to t=e fort'ne! of t=e .ivil ri$=t! movement. An @ %et@ not onl% =a! ever%t=in$ not .=an$e !in.e *e+tem1er 11L not=in$ =a!. A..or in$ to a mo'ntain of attit' inal an 1e=avioral ata .olle.te in t=e +a!t fo'r %ear!@ t=e +o!t- *e+tem1er 11 moo t=at former #omelan *e.'rit% *e.retar% 5om Ri $e '11e Ft=e ne/ normal.%F re!em1le! not=in$ !o m'.= a! t=e ol normal.%. 5=at matter! at =ome@ /=ere t=e toll of .ivi. i!en$a$ement@ /=i.= =a! ran$e from t=e lo!! of .omm'nit% life an it! 1enefit! at t=e lo.al level to t=e =ollo/in$ of +arti.i+ator% emo.ra.% at t=e national level@ =a! 1een /ell-.=roni.le 1% 0'tnam an ot=er!. And it matters abroad% too. An ero!ion of t=e .ommon $oo @ after all@ .an ea!il% !=a e into an ero!ion of .ommon +'r+o!e@ even more !o if t=at +'r+o!e eman ! +'1li. =ar !=i+--!omet=in$ t=e /ar on terrori!m re8'ire!.

71

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

!AC Stuff A@; Mercenaries C,

Mercenaries can6t solve cost too much and dra- from the same pool of people no more spare capacity 0=illi+ Carter% attorne% an former Arm% .a+tain@ /riter for 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% and 0a'l *lastris i! t=e e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@ March !""+ AH5=e Ca!e for t=e DraftI
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2005"0503..arter.=tmlJ1%lineC A !e.on !ol'tion to t=e man+o/er .ri!i! /o'l 1e to rel% more on +rivate militar% .ontra.tor!@ /=o!e '!e =a! e3+lo e in re.ent %ear!. C'rrentl%@ more t=an 40@000 $overnment .ontra.tor! are on 't% in 7ra8@ /orkin$ in m%ria Oo1! from !e.'rit% to re.on!tr'.tion. 5=e a vanta$e of '!in$ .ontra.tor! i! t=at t=e% +rovi e !'r$e .a+a.it%L t=e% are =ire onl% for t=e 'ration of an en$a$ement. -'t a..or in$ to 0eter ;. *in$er@ a re!ear.= fello/ at t=e -rookin$! 7n!tit'tion@ t=e!e +rivate armie! al!o .reate +ro1lem!. (ir!t@ all .o!t! .on!i ere @ t=e%Dre not ne.e!!aril% le!! e3+en!ive for t=e militar%. *e.on @ +rivate militar% .ontra.tor! often .om+ete /it= t=e militar% for +er!onnel@ !o an% $ro/t= in t=e!e .ontra.tor! '!'all% re!'lt! in ten!ion 1et/een militar% retention an .ontra.tor re.r'itin$ effort!. 5=ir @ .ontra.tor! o+erate in a le$al $ra% area /=ere t=eir finan.ial an a..o'ntin$ a.tivitie! are =eavil% re$'late @ 1't t=eir o+eration! are 1arel% looke at. 7tD! one t=in$ to .ontra.t for tr'.k river!L itD! anot=er to =ire .ontra.tor! to $'ar Af$=an 0re!i ent #ami 9arMai or /ork a! interro$ation lin$'i!t! in t=e A1' G=rai1 +ri!on 1e.a'!e t=e militar% =a! too fe/ .omman o! or lin$'i!t! in it! o/n rank!. 5=e militar% =a! +ro1a1l% alrea % +'!=e t=e .ontra.tor .on.e+t a1o't a! far a! it /ill $oL e3+e.tin$ m'.= more !'r$e .a+a.it% from +rivate in '!tr% i! +ro1a1l% 'nreali!ti..

72

Cal 2k6-7 A@; Increase Colunteer <orce C,

National Draft Aff

7on6t solve 13 diminishin) returns to increasin) pay !3 )ro-in) economies dra-s recruits a-ay 43 Ira' deters entry #3 lon) term cost prevents not fleBible enou)h 0=illi+ Carter% attorne% an former Arm% .a+tain@ /riter for 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% and 0a'l *lastris i! t=e e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@ March !""+ AH5=e Ca!e for t=e DraftI
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2005"0503..arter.=tmlJ1%lineC A fo'rt= o+tion@ an t=e mo!t o1vio'! one@ /o'l 1e to !im+l% in.rea!e t=e !iMe of t=e a.tive- 't% for.e. 5=i! too =a! 1een i!.'!!e . D'rin$ t=e 2004 .am+ai$n@ *en. Po=n 9err% .alle for in.rea!in$ t=e a.tive- 't% for.e 1% 40@000 troo+!. 6ore re.entl%@ a 1i+arti!an $ro'+ of =a/ki!= efen!e intelle.t'al! +'1li!=e an o+en letter on 5=e ;eekl% *tan ar ;e1 !ite .allin$ on Con$re!! to a 25@000 $ro'n troo+! ea.= %ear for t=e ne3t !everal %ear!. An t=e 0enta$on =a! anno'n.e !ome mone% for e3tra troo+! in t=e a mini!trationD! late!t 1' $et. 5=e +ro1lem /it= !'.= +ro+o!al! i! t=at t=e% 'n ere!timate 1ot= .'rrent man+o/er nee ! an t=e .o!t of for.in$ t=e all-vol'nteer militar% to $ro/. 7n t=eor%@ one .an al/a%! l're t=e ne3t re.r'it@ or retain t=e ne3t !ol ier@ 1% offerin$ a mar$inall% =i$=er monetar% in.entiveE1't in realit%@ t=ere are +ra.ti.al limit! to !'.= mea!'re!. 5=e +ool of +eo+le /=o mi$=t 1e .onvin.e to Ooin t=e Arm% i! mainl% .om+ri!e of =ealt=% %o'n$ +eo+le /it= =i$= !.=ool e$ree! 1't no .olle$e +lan!. 5=at +ool i! in=erentl% limite @ e!+e.iall% /=en t=e e.onom% i! =eatin$ '+ an t=ereD! a !=ootin$ /ar on. ,a!t %ear@ e!+ite !i$nin$ 1on'!e! in t=e ten! of t=o'!an ! an ot=er +erk!@ militar% re.r'iter! =a to lo/er entr% !tan ar ! to meet t=eir enli!tment $oal!. 5=e a.tive for.e met it! re.r'itin$ tar$et! for 2004@ 1't t=e re!erve! =ave fo'n t=em!elve! in.rea!in$l% !tr'$$lin$ to 1rin$ eno'$= !ol ier! in t=e oor. -'t itD! t=e lon$-term .o!t i!!'e! t=at mo!t militate a$ain!t makin$ t=e all-vol'nteer for.e 1i$$er. General! to a% are fon of !a%in$ t=at %o' re.r'it a !ol ier@ 1't %o' retain t=eir familie!. 4ne rea!on t=e Arm% =a! re!i!te Con$re!!D attem+t! to rai!e it! en !tren$t= i! t=at it oe! not /ant to em1ra.e all of t=e .o!t! a!!o.iate /it= +ermanentl% in.rea!in$ t=e !iMe of t=e militar%@ 1e.a'!e it !ee! ea.= !ol ier a! a 30-%ear .ommitmentE1ot= to t=e !ol ier an =i! Aor =erC famil%. A..or in$ to t=e Con$re!!ional -' $et 4ffi.e@ ea.= !ol ier .o!t! G99@000 +er %earEa fi$'re /=i.= in.l' e! me i.al .are@ =o'!in$@ an famil% 1enefit!. 5=e :nite *tate! oe! not ne.e!!aril% nee a ma!!ive !tan in$ militar% all t=e time. ;=at it nee ! i! a =i$=l% traine +rofe!!ional for.e of a .ertain !iMeE/=at /e =ave ri$=t no/ i! fineE1a.ke 1% a ma!!ive !'r$e .a+a.it% of troo+! in re!erve to 8'i.kl% a'$ment t=e a.tive- 't% for.e in time! of emer$en.%. *'re@ ri$=t no/@ t=e Arm% i! li$=t !everal ='n re t=o'!an e+lo%a1le $ro'n troo+!. -'t over t=e lon$ term@ t=e eman ! of 7ra8 /ill !'1!i e@ t=e nee for troo+! /ill e.line@ an it .o'l 1e anot=er e.a e or t/o 1efore anot=er mi!!ion t=at 1i$ .ome! alon$. 5=e +ro1lem i! t=at 'n er t=e all-vol'nteer !%!tem itD! =ar to fi3 t=e !=ort-term +ro1lem Atoo fe/ troo+! no/C /it=o't .reatin$ lon$term +ro1lem! Atoo man% troo+! laterC. An !o@ +a%in$ for t=e !alarie! an 1enefit! an familie! of 50@000 or 500@000 e3tra !ol ier! on a.tive 't% over t=e .o'r!e of t=eir .areer! oe!nDt@ from a militar% !tan +oint@ make !en!e. 0oliti.all%@ it /o'l +'t t=e !enior militar% lea er!=i+ in t=e +o!ition of .onvin.in$ t=e Ameri.an +eo+le to kee+ militar% 1' $et! e3tremel% =i$= to +a% for a ='$e !tan in$ arm% t=at i!nDt 1ein$ '!e an mi$=t not 1e for %ear!. 7t mi$=t 1e +o!!i1le no/ to .onvin.e t=e +'1li. to a anot=er 100@000 !ol ier! Aann'al .o!tB a1o't G10 1illion in +er!onnel .o!t! alone@ not in.l' in$ e8'i+ment an trainin$C. -'t t=e $eneral! ri$=tl% /orr% t=at t=i! !'++ort /ill eva+orate after 7ra8 !ta1iliMe!. 7n ee @ Ameri.an! =ave a lon$ tra ition atin$ 1a.k to t=e /ritin$ of Con!tit'tion@ of ref'!in$ to !'++ort a lar$e !tan in$ militar% 'nle!! t=e nee i! a++arent. A5=e +'1li. +ai for a m'.= 1i$$er allvol'nteer militar% in t=e 1970! an 1980!@ 1't onl% 1e.a'!e of t=e o1vio'! nee to eter a ma!!ive *oviet arm% from t=reatenin$ 2'ro+eL after t=e -erlin ;all fell@ 1ot= +oliti.al +artie! !'++orte 1i$ .'t! in troo+ !tren$t=C. ;=at /e reall% nee i! t=e .a+a1ilit% to ra+i l% mo1iliMe an e+lo% a =alf million troo+! to +roOe.t :.*. +o/er a1roa @ an to 1e a1le to !'!tain t=em in efinitel% /=ile maintainin$ a re!erve /it= /=i.= to !im'ltaneo'!l% en$a$e ot=er enemie!.

73

Cal 2k6-7 A@; $eserve Capacity C,

National Draft Aff

$eservists fail poor e'uipment not enou)h trainin) 0=illi+ Carter% attorne% an former Arm% .a+tain@ /riter for 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% and 0a'l *lastris i! t=e e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@ March !""+ AH5=e Ca!e for t=e DraftI
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2005"0503..arter.=tmlJ1%lineC A fift= o+tion /o'l 1e to 1'il t=i! !'r$e .a+a.it% into t=e re!erve!@ in!tea of t=e a.tive for.e. :n er t=i! +lan@ /=i.= !ome militar% +er!onnel +lanner! are alrea % i!.'!!in$@ t=e arm% /o'l ra i.all% 1'm+ '+ enli!tment 1on'!e! an ot=er in.entive! to l're va!tl% more %o'n$ +eo+le ire.tl% into t=e re!erve! t=an are 1ein$ re.r'ite no/. *'.= a +lan /o'l =ave t=e a vanta$e of .reatin$ t=e !'r$e .a+a.it% t=e nation nee ! /it=o't !a lin$ t=e nation /it= a lar$e@ !tan in$ +rofe!!ional arm%. -'t t=e i!a vanta$e! are !'1!tantial@ too. (or !'.= a +lan to /ork@ t=e militar% /o'l =ave to make a .ommitment@ /=i.= t='! far it never =a!@ to fi3 t=e le$en ar% re!o'r.e! +ro1lem! an anemi. rea ine!! of t=e re!erve!. A $reat man% re!ervi!t! =ave $one t=ro'$= t=e .r'.i1le of .om1at in Af$=ani!tan an 7ra8@ an %et !till .o+e /it= ve=i.le! t=at la.k armor@ /ea+on! ol er t=an t=e% are@ an a +a'.it% of trainin$ ollar!. Al!o@ t=e arm% /o'l al/a%! Aan ri$=tl%C in!i!t t=at !i$nin$ 1on'!e! for re!ervi!t! 1e !'1!tantiall% 1elo/ t=o!e offere 1% to a.tive- 't% re.r'it!. An even if 1on'!e! an ot=er reen'meration for 1ot= t=e a.tive- 't% an t=e re!erve! /ere to ri!e !'1!tantiall%@ it i! =ar to !ee =o/ t=e re!erve! .o'l l're in a !'ffi.ient n'm1er of re.r'it! /it=o't !i$nifi.antl% lo/erin$ a mi!!ion! !tan ar !. 5=e real a vanta$e of t=e all-vol'nteer for.e i! it! 8'alit%. 7f t=e militar% trie! to re.r'it !o man% !ol ier! t=at it m'!t !'1!tantiall% lo/er it! entr% re8'irement!@ t=en t=e all-vol'nteer for.e /ill lo!e it! 8'alitative e $e. 5=i! e.rea!e in 8'alit% /ill =ave a .a!.a e effe.t on i!.i+line /it=in t=e rank!@ e$ra in$ .om1at effe.tivene!! for t=e!e 'nit!.

74

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; 2N In Char)e of Ira' C,

7on6t -or( 2N forces are trained and e'uipped to handle and marines -ould still carry the load 6i.=ael O65anlon@ *enior (ello/ of (orei$n 0oli.% *t' ie! T -rookin$! 7n!tit'te@ 8"12" !""4 8 HDo t=e 6at=B ;e Nee 6ore
-oot! 4n t=e Gro'n I =tt+B""///.1rookin$!.e '"vie/!"o+-e "o=anlon"20030812.=tmC 2ven if t=e :nite Nation! *e.'rit% Co'n.il +a!!e! a ne/ re!ol'tion to +'t t=e :.N. formall% in .=ar$e in 7ra8@ t=e +ro1lem /ill not 1e !olve . 5=at /o'l =el+ attra.t troo+! from ot=er .o'ntrie!@ 1't /e /o'l !till +ro1a1l% nee !i3 to ei$=t NA54 1ri$a e! in t=e *'nni trian$le of .entral 7ra8 in late 2004 an 2005@ an mo!t of t=o!e /o'l =ave to .ome from :.*. a.tive- 't% for.e!. 4t=er .o'ntrie! t=at mi$=t +rovi e for.e! 'n er a !tron$er :.N. man ate@ !'.= a! 7n ia an R'!!ia@ are not e8'i++e or traine to =an le t=e e3tremel% iffi.'lt .on ition! in t=at re$ion. Nor@ e!+ite t=eir $reat .a+a1ilitie!@ are t=e .om1at formation! of t=e :.*. Arm% National G'ar . (ran.e an German% mi$=t 1e .a+a1le of =el+in$Ean /illin$ if t=e :.N. /ere +'t in .=ar$eE1't ea.= /o'l o /ell to m'!ter a 1ri$a e. 5=e 6arine! .an an !=o'l 1e e3+e.te to +rovi e a 1ri$a e or t/o of t=e for.e! nee e 'n er :.N. a'!+i.e! . -'t even /it= in.rea!e international an 6arine Cor+! =el+@ t=e Arm% /o'l !till nee to $enerate t/o to fo'r fre!= 1ri$a e! for 7ra8@ an anot=er .o'+le in 9orea. 5=e!e eman ! are too $reat to realiMe t=ro'$= ne/ effi.ien.ie! an for.e mana$ement tool!@ /=i.= =ave +rove iffi.'lt to evelo+ for man% %ear!. 5=e% .an onl% +r' entl% 1e met t=ro'$= a lar$er Arm%.

75

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; ?conomy DAs

Draft pays for itself in the lon)term Ro1ert 2. Aitan% vi.e +re!i ent an ire.tor of t=e -rookin$! 2.onomi. *t' ie! 0ro$ram@ <all !""! A-rookin$! Revie/@
=tt+B""///.1rookin$!.e '"+re!!"revie/"fall2002"litan.=tmC #o/ever lar$e t=e +ro$ram .o'l t'rn o't to 1e@ t=o!e /=o ma% 1e tem+te to i!mi!! a! too .o!tl% a 'niver!al !ervi.e re8'irement of an% !iMe m'!t .on!i er it! 1enefit!. A 1995 GA4 .o!t-1enefit anal%!i!@ for e3am+le@ +o!itivel% eval'ate t=e fin in$! of a 1995 !t' % 1% Geor$e R. Ne'mann@ Ro$er C. 9ormen i@ Ro1ert (. 5am'ra@ an C%r'! P. Gar ner t=at =a .ite 8'antifia1le monetar% 1enefit! of G1.68 to G2.58 for ever% ollar inve!te in t=ree AmeriCor+! +ro$ram!. 5=e!e e!timate! i not .o'nt t=e non8'antifia1le@ 1't ver% real@ 1enefit! of !tren$t=enin$ lo.al .omm'nitie! an fo!terin$ .ivi. re!+on!i1ilit% . Nor i t=e% in.l' e t=e 1roa er 1enefit! of a e !o.ial .o=e!ion t=at a 'niver!al +ro$ram /o'l entail. 4n t=e ot=er !i e of t=e le $er@ it i! 8'ite +o!!i1le t=at t=ere /o'l 1e imini!=in$ ret'rn! to a m'.= 1roa er +ro$ram t=an AmeriCor+!@ an t='! at !ome enrollment level t=e .o!t! of a 'niver!al re8'irement .o'l e3.ee t=e 1enefit!. -'t even t=i! re!'ltE/=i.= i! =ar l% en!'re E/o'l not .re it t=e non8'antifia1le !o.ial 1enefit! of a 1roa er +ro$ram. 5=e 1ottom lineB even a 'niver!al !ervi.e +ro$ram a! lar$e a! G70 1illion a %ear .o'l /ell +ro '.e !o.ial 1enefit! in e3.e!! of t=at fi$'re an t='! re+re!ent a ver% real net e.onomi. an !o.ial $ain for Ameri.an !o.iet% a! a /=ole.

76

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Capitalism 0
Draft shatters class distinctions Noel 0och@ a!!i!tant !e.retar% of efen!e an
ire.tor for !+e.ial +lannin$ at t=e Defen!e De+artment from 1981 to 1986@ 7"1" !""# AH;=% ;e Nee t=e Draft -a.kI@ =tt+B""///./a!=in$ton+o!t..om"/+- %n"arti.le!"A19322-2004P'n30.=tmlC 5=e raft !=attere .la!! i!tin.tion!. 7t mi3e =i$= !.=ool ro+o't! /it= .olle$e $ra 'ate!@ ri.= /it= mi le .la!! an +oor. 5o 1e !'re@ t=e raftee! /erenDt =a++% to 1e in t=e Arm%@ an t=e% /ere even le!! =a++% to 1e r'11in$ !=o'l er! /it= t=o!e of '! /=o vol'nteere . 5=ere /a! fri.tion from 1a!i. trainin$ t=ro'$= a van.e trainin$ an @ /it= le!!enin$ =eat@ into a!!i$nment to o'r +ermanent 't% !tation!. Name-.allin$ /a! a re$'lar feat're of o'r live!B ;e /ere Flifer!@F Flo!er!@F FG7R-!F AG7 rat 1a!tar !C@ et.. ;e =a o'r o/n name! for t=e raftee!. -'t t=e e '.ate learne to val'e t=o!e /it=o't .olle$e e$ree!@ an t=e 'ne '.ate @ =el+e alon$ 1% t=e G7 -ill@ i!.overe t=at =i$=er learnin$ mi$=t 1e /it=in rea.= after all.

77

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; ,sychoanalysis 0s
,sycholo)ical resistance and ideolo)y is -hat prevents the draft from happenin) fiat solves the 0 C=arle! Mos(os@ 0rofe!!or of *o.iolo$% at Nort=/e!tern :niver!it% and 0a'l *lastris@ e itor in .=ief of 5=e ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l% an a !enior fello/ at t=e ;e!tern 0oli.% Center@ Nov3 !""1 AHNo/ Do No' -elieve ;e Nee a DraftI@ ;a!=in$ton 6ont=l%@
=tt+B""///./a!=in$tonmont=l%..om"feat're!"2001"0111.mo!ko!.$la!tri!.=tmlC No 0eelin$ 0otatoe! Rein!tit'tin$ t=e raft i! t=e o1vio'! /a% to meet t=e !' enl% in.rea!e man+o/er nee ! for militar% an =omelan !e.'rit%. 5=i! fa.t /o'l =ave !eeme o1vio'! to +revio'! $eneration! of Ameri.an!. 5=at to a% /e arenDt even talkin$ a1o't a raft it i! a mea!'re of t=e ee+ +!%.=olo$i.al re!i!tan.e Ameri.an! =ave evelo+e to an%t=in$ t=at !ma.k! of t=e !tate .om+ellin$ an%one to o an%t=in$. 7 eolo$% +la%! a role =ere. 7n $eneral@ t=e left oe!nDt like t=e militar%@ an t=e ri$=t oe!nDt like an%t=in$ t=at interfere! /it= t=e market+la.e. ;=en it .ome! to national nee !@ t=e left 1elieve! in !omet=in$ for not=in$@ t=e ri$=t in ever% man for =im!elf. 5=e +!%.=olo$i.al re!i!tan.e al!o $ain! .omfort from ar$'ment! ma e 1% t=e o++onent! of t=e raft an 1% t=e militar% =ierar.=%@ /=i.= al!o re!i!t! a ret'rn to .on!.ri+tion. A5=e militar% re!i!t! t=e raft lar$el% 1e.a'!e it re!i!t! all .=an$eL it o++o!e en in$ t=e raft in 1973C.

78

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Militarism 0
,ersonal sta(e ends passivity of anti&-ar movement Ne- Oor( Observer@ 6a% 31@ 20"# AH#ere<! Ne/ (a.e of :.*. 6ilitar%IC An /=ile t=e left often a!!ert! t=at 7ra8 i! re.a+it'latin$ &ietnam@ t=e 1i$ im+rovement from t=e militar%D! !tan +oint i! t=e +a!!ivit% of t=o!e /=o o++o!e t=e /ar. 0oll n'm1er! !'$$e!t t=at o++o!ition i! /i e!+rea . -'t t=e .am+'!e! are 8'iet. 5=ere =avenDt 1een 1i$ anti-/ar emon!tration!. FAll t=e emon!tration! are on t=e tele+=one@F !ai 2mile 6ilne@ an ai e to Con$re!!man Ran$el. (or all t=eir ve=emen.e a$ain!t t=e /ar@ t=e affl'ent arenDt /akin$ '+ /it= ni$=tmare! a1o't t=eir .=il ren. 7f +rivile$e %o't= /ere .alle '+on to make t=e $reate!t !a.rifi.e t=at a !o.iet% eman ! of it! .itiMen!@ t=i! /ar /o'l +ro1a1l% 1e en e in an in!tant. F5=e e.i!ion! a1o't t=i! /ar are 1ein$ ma e 1% +eo+le /it= no +er!onal !take@F !ai Nan.% ,e!!in A/=o !ai t=at on t=ree o..a!ion! =er or$aniMation trie to !+eak to Po=n 9err% a1o't t=e /ar@ an on t=ree o..a!ion! =e .o'l not make time for t=emC. 4r a! Con$re!!man Ran$el !ai @ F7tD! ea!% to make t=e e.i!ion to $o to /ar if %o' onDt e3+e.t an '+roar.F

2niversal service hed)es a)ainst use of the military to define societies6 values Diane #. Ma1ur@ :niver!it% of (lori a ,evin Colle$e of ,a/@ !""4 A32 #of!tra ,. Rev. 553C
;e live in a time in /=i.= t=e militar% i! +ortra%e a! an in!tit'tion t=at not onl% +rote.t! t=e val'e! of t=i! .o'ntr%@ 1't i! often a!ke to efine t=em. 7t /a! no .oin.i en.e@ for e3am+le@ t=at Gr'tter v. -ollin$er n33 $ro'n e it! re.ent a++roval of affirmative a.tion in =i$=er e '.ation in lar$e +art on t=e e3i!ten.e of !imilar a mi!!ion +oli.ie! at ;e!t 0oint@ Anna+oli!@ an t=e Air (or.e A.a em%. 6ilitar% O' $ment /a! a++lie @ /it=o't o1Oe.tion 1% t=e i!!enter!@ to .orro1orate a O' i.ial fin in$ of .om+ellin$ +'r+o!e 'n er t=e 28'al 0rote.tion Cla'!e@ an a1!ol'tel% e3traor inar% '!e of militar% +oli.% in e.i in$ a .on!tit'tional 8'e!tion. n34 P'!ti.e 4DConnorD! 'n!+oken a!!'m+tion U\564V !eeme to 1e t=at if t=e militar% 1elieve it /a! a++ro+riate an 1enefi.ial to a mit !t' ent! to it! a.a emie! on a ra.e-.on!.io'! 1a!i!@ t=en 1% efinition t=e +ra.ti.e .o'l not 1e .on!tit'tionall% invi io'!. 0er=a+! t=e !te+ taken in Gr'tter /a! not !'r+ri!in$. 6ilitar% +er!+e.tive! on la/@ moralit%@ or er@ an i!.i+line are no/ fre8'entl% vie/e @ 1% all t=ree 1ran.=e! of $overnment@ a! mo el! to /=i.= t=e re!t of '! !=o'l a!+ire@ an t=e evelo+ment rai!e! no +arti.'lar noti.e or .on.ern. Re!ear.= !'$$e!t!@ =o/ever@ t=at t=e mo!t .on!tit'tionall% .orro!ive a!+e.t of t=e .ivil-militar% $a+ ma% 1e t=e tem+tation it .reate! for $overnment to '!e t=e militar% not for it! +rofe!!ional e3+erti!e in t=e !kill! of /ar@ 1't for +oliti.all% +arti!an +'r+o!e! /it=in t=e ome!ti. !+=ere. 5=e mo!t effe.tive /ea+on a$ain!t mi!'!e of a lar$e !tan in$ militar% for +oliti.all% +arti!an +'r+o!e! al/a%! =a! 1een@ +er=a+! .o'nter-int'itivel%@ a re8'irement for 'niver!al militar% !ervi.e@ or at lea!t 'niver!al eli$i1ilit% for militar% !ervi.e. 5=i! i! /=% +ro$re!!ive! lo!t t=e /ar /=en t=e% lo!t t=e raft.

,ost&draft military romantici1ed & ensures uncritical acceptance of military decisionma(in) Diane #. Ma1ur@ :niver!it% of (lori a ,evin Colle$e of ,a/@ !""4 A32 #of!tra ,. Rev. 553C
7n a +o!t- raft .ivilian !o.iet% t=at =a! lo!t m'.= of it! .ommon 1a!e of e3+erien.e /it= militar% !ervi.e@ t=i! in.rea!in$ i!tan.e in t=e .ivil-militar% $a+ /ent lar$el% 'nnoti.e o't!i e t=e !mall .omm'nit% of +oliti.al an !o.ial !.ienti!t! /=o !t' % t=e militar%. ;it= rare e3.e+tion@ +rin.i+all% in t=e ver% re.ent /ork of Ponat=an 5'rle% n43 an C=arle! D'nla+@ n44 la/ revie/! =ave ne$le.te t=e !t' % of .on!tit'tional .ivil-militar% relation! 'rin$ t=e all-vol'nteer era. 5=e in ifferen.e of .on!tit'tional e3+ert!@ =o/ever@ al!o refle.t! a 1roa er in ifferen.e a1o't t=e +la.e of t=e militar% in Ameri.a. 4ver t=e la!t $eneration@ .ivilian !o.iet% =a! $ra 'all% evelo+e an 'n'!'al - almo!t virt'al or =%+ot=eti.al - relation!=i+ /it= t=e militar%. A! a r'le@ /e onDt kno/ ver% m'.= a1o't t=e militar% an =ave relativel% little +er!onal e3+o!'re to it@ /=et=er t=ro'$= o'r o/n militar% !ervi.e or t=e !ervi.e of famil% U\569V mem1er! an frien !@ %et /e =ave more .onfi en.e an tr'!t in t=e militar% t=an /e o in ot=er +'1li. in!tit'tion!. n45 ;e romanti.iMe an i ealiMe t=e militar% /it= little kno/le $e of it! realit%@ t=e !ame militar% t=at@ even after *e+tem1er 11@ 2001@ t=ere i! !till no $reat r'!= to Ooin. n46 ;e re!erve a !+e.ial +e e!tal for t=o!e /=o !erve in 'niform@ 1't from a i!tan.e /e !eem to a!!'me t=at t=e eman ! of militar% !ervi.e are 1e%on t=e .a+a1ilit% of t=e t%+i.al Ameri.an /=o mi$=t@ in anot=er a%@ =ave !erve a! t=e 'ne3.e+tional F.itiMen-!ol ier.F n47 *im+l%@ /e are in 'n.riti.al a/e@ a! are too man% mem1er! of t=e Co'rt /=en a!ke to eval'ate t=e militar% 'n er t=e !ame r'le of la/ t=at a++lie! ome!ti.all% to '! all. n48

79

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; Militarism
$adical criti'ue al-ays reFected Diane #. Ma1ur% :niver!it% of (lori a ,evin Colle$e of ,a/@ !""4 A32 #of!tra ,. Rev. 553C
7t i! ver% iffi.'lt to .riti8'e .on!tr'.tivel% t=e militar% an t=e =ealt= of .ivil-militar% relation! in t=e +re!ent time. At 1e!t@ an% .riti8'e .arrie! /it= it a .on.ern for t=e !afet% an /ell-1ein$ of !ervi.emem1er! e+lo%e over!ea!. At /or!t@ an% .riti8'e i! i!mi!!e a! 'n+atrioti. or anti-militar%. 2ven ,a'ren.e 5ri1e e3+re!!e !ome tre+i ation in /ritin$ a1o't -'!= v. Gore n49 in a +o!t*e+tem1er 11 /orl 1e.a'!e =e /a! .on.erne t=at .riti.i!m of t=e Co'rtD! r'lin$ mi$=t 1e taken to imini!= t=e a't=orit% of t=e Comman er in C=ief in an era of =ei$=tene national efen!e. n50 P'!t a! 5ri1e 1elieve t=at .ir.'m!tan.e! +rovi e more rea!on@ not le!! rea!on@ to +'1li!= =i! i!!ent@ 7 1elieve t=at /e a! a !o.iet%@ no/ even more t=an 1efore *e+tem1er 11@ nee to 'n er!tan /=% .ivil-militar% relation! 'n er t=e Con!tit'tion =ave eteriorate . 5=e rea er !=o'l remem1er t=at a .riti8'e of t=e all-vol'nteer militar% i! not inten e a! .on emnation of in ivi 'al !ervi.emem1er!@ t=e i entifi.ation of .'lt'ral tren ! /it=in t=e militar% oe! not mean t=at ever% !ervi.emem1er =a! .ontri1'te to t=at tren @ an t=e re.o$nition t=at .ertain .=ara.teri!ti.! of t=e militar% .omm'nit% are 'nre+re!entative or i!+ro+ortionatel% =i$= or lo/ in .om+ari!on to t=e U\570V .ivilian .omm'nit% oe! not mean t=at ever% !ervi.emem1er !=are! t=at .=ara.teri!ti.. 4ne .an .riti.iMe t=e militar% o't of lo%alt% to it! .on!tit'tional i eal /it=o't 1ein$ i!lo%al to t=e militar% or to t=e .itiMen! Aan non-.itiMen!C /=o !erve in 'niform. ;it= t=at 'n er!tan in$ in min @ 0art 7 /ill revie/ an eval'ate t=e e3ten!ive em+iri.al re!ear.= 'n ertaken in re!+on!e to t=e .on.ern! rai!e 1% Ri.k! an #ol!ti.

Nuestionin) volunteerism (ey to understandin) the ne- military Diane #. Ma1ur% :niver!it% of (lori a ,evin Colle$e of ,a/@ !""4 A32 #of!tra ,. Rev. 553C
;it=o't o'1t@ t=e mo!t im+ortant t=in$ t=at .ivilian! o not 'n er!tan a1o't t=e :nite *tate! militar% to a% i! =o/ m'.= it =a! U\560V .=an$e in t=e la!t $eneration. 5=i! +oint .annot 1e over!tate . 5=e militar%D! .=ara.ter at t=e t'rn of t=i! ne/ .ent'r% .annot 1e e3+laine .om+letel% 1% it! i!tin.tive in!tit'tional re!+on!i1ilit% to fi$=t an /in /ar! or 1% t=e +ara i$mati. rea!onin$ t=at militarie! are t=e /a% t=e% are - an t=e /a% t=e% al/a%! =ave 1een - !im+l% 1e.a'!e t=e% are Fmilitar%.F 6'.= of /=at e3+lain! t=e militar% to a% i! of relativel% re.ent ori$in. A f'n amental !=ift in militar% .'lt're an in .on!tit'tional .ivil-militar% relation! 1e$an /=en a raft-1a!e militar% /a! tran!forme into an all-vol'nteer for.e t=irt% %ear! a$o. 5o a% /e !ee t=e effe.t of a $eneration of t=e all-vol'nteer for.e - /=at !ome =ave in!tea .alle t=e Fall-re.r'itF for.e n23 - an t=e re!'lt i! in man% /a%! not a $oo one. 0eo+le mi!takenl% a!!'me t=e militar% i! /=at it al/a%! =a! 1een@ O'!t 1% t=e inevita1le nat're of t=e in!tit'tion. 5=e% fail to realiMe =o/ m'.= t=eir 'n er!tan in$ i! !=a+e 1% /=at t=e militar% =a! 1e.ome in t=e era of t=e all-vol'nteer for.e after &ietnam@ t=e onl% militar% t=e% =ave kno/n.

80

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

A@; ush ad DA
No capital no- can6t lose anymore 0a'l 0ane% 6arine /=o !erve in 7ra8 an a fello/ at t=e 9enne % *.=ool of Government@ 4"20" !""/ AHA 0ea.ef'l Call to Arm!I@
Ne/ Nork 5ime!C ,resident ush =a! t=e +erfe.t .re ential! over!ea! to e3e.'te t=i! move@ an little +oliti.al .a+ital at =ome to lo!e at t=i! !ta$e. 0oll! .onfirm t=at a /i e maOorit% of +eo+le in man% .o'ntrie! vie/ =im an t=e :nite *tate! a! t=e maOor t=reat to $lo1al +ea.e. ;=% let t=em o/n on t=i! .o'ntK Go /it= t=e flo/. 0re!i ent Ronal Rea$an /a! t=e +a!t ma!ter of '!in$ t=i! !trate$% 'rin$ t=e .ol /ar. Rea$an .a+italiMe on =i! ima$e a! t=e ma man at t=e =elm to kee+ t=e R'!!ian! off 1alan.e@ '!in$ t=e !i$n! of /ar to i!!'a e o'r foe! an avert a.t'al /ar. ,resident ush !=o'l take a +a$e from Rea$anD! +la%1ook.

81

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

*O, Supports
,olitics have chan)ed bush supports no- and republicans are startin) to support 2.P. Dionne@ Pr.@ !enior fello/ in t=e -rookin$! Governan.e *t' ie! +ro$ram an a .ol'mni!t for t=e )ashington .ost. And 9a%la 6eltMer Dro)os1@ re!ear.= anal%!t for t=e +roOe.t on Reli$ion an Civil *o.iet% in t=e Governan.e *t' ie! 0ro$ram@ <all !""!
A-rookin$! Revie/@ =tt+B""///.1rookin$!.e '"+re!!"revie/"fall2002" ionne.=tmC Ne!@ /e =ave .=an$e !in.e *e+tem1er 11@ 2001. Re!+e.t for !ervi.e !oare a! t=e nation for$e a ne/ an !tron$er !en!e of !oli arit% in t=e fa.e of ea l% enemie!. ;=at =a! 1een !ai !o often in t=e +a!t %ear !till 1ear! re+eatin$B o'r vie/ of =eroe! 'n er/ent a remarka1le@ an !' en@ .=an$e. 5=e ne/ =eroe! are +'1li. !ervant!E+oli.e@ firefi$=ter!@ re!.'e /orker!@ +o!tal /orker! /=o!e live! /ere t=reatene @ o'r men an /omen in 'niformEnot C24!@ =i$=-te.= /iMar !@ ro.k !tar!@ or !+ort! fi$'re!. At a time /=en .itiMen! fo.'! on 'r$ent national nee !@ t=o!e /=o !erve t=eir .o'ntr% nat'rall% ri!e in +'1li. e!teem. 7n t=e fa.e of an atta.k t=at im+erile ri.= an +oor@ +o/erf'l an +o/erle!! alike@ it /a! nat'ral t=at@ in *an elD! /or !@ Fa .on.ern for t=e /=oleF an Fa moral 1on /it= t=e .omm'nit% /=o!e fate i! at !takeF 1e.ame more t=an a1!tra.t .on.e+t!. A..or in$l%@ t=e +oliti.! of national !ervi.e al!o =a! 1een tran!forme . 2ven 1efore t=e atta.k! of *e+tem1er 11@ 0re!i ent -'!= =a !i$nale a /armer vie/ of !ervi.e t=an mo!t in =i! +art%. 7n .=oo!in$ t/o Re+'1li.an !'++orter! of t=e i eaEformer 6a%or *teve Gol !mit= of 7n iana+oli! an ,e!lie ,enko/!k%Eto =ea =i! a mini!trationD! !ervi.e effort@ -'!= ma e .lear =e inten e to take it !erio'!l%. -'t after *e+tem1er 11@ =e ma e !ervi.e a .entral t=eme of =i! a mini!tration. 7n =i! *tate of t=e :nion me!!a$e@ =e .alle on Ameri.an! to $ive t/o %ear! of !ervi.e to t=e nation over t=eir lifetime! an anno'n.e t=e .reation of t=e :*A (ree om Cor+!. 7t /a! a +atrioti.@ +o!t-*e+tem1er 11 $lo!! on t=e ol Clinton i ea!Ean t=e i ea! of Po=n 9enne %@ ,%n on Po=n!on@ an =i! fat=er@ t=e fir!t 0re!i ent -'!=@ /=o offere t=e nation a t=o'!an +oint! of li$=t.

*O, secretly supports the draft preparin) for it behind the scenes there6ll be no bac(lash Davi Aindorff% inve!ti$ative Oo'rnali!t@ t/o-time ('l1ri$=t !.=olar@ 10"8"!""#
A=tt+B""///.+ri!on+lanet..om"arti.le!"o.to1er2004"081004 raftint=eair.=tmC (ri$=tene !ill% 1% t=e floo of ne/! !+e.'latin$ a1o't a .all-'+ aro'n t=e .orner-Demo.rati. +re!i ential .an i ate Po=n 9err% /a! a.t'all% a!ke a1o't it at a .am+ai$n Fto/n meetin$F an !ai t=at /=ile =e /o'l not !'++ort a Draft@ =e .o'l nDt !+eak for -'!=--t=e Re+'1li.an! =ave re!+on e 1% killin$ t=e Ran$elD! #o'!e 1ill. -'!= al!o ma e a +oint-or re.ite a +oint t=at /a! rea into =i! ear-+ie.e A!ee t=e arti.le 1elo/ a1o't =i! +erforman.e in t=e 6iami e1ateZC-a1o't t=e /ar in 7ra8 1ein$ fo'$=t F1% a vol'nteer arm%F. 6ore re.entl%@ Defen!e *e.retar% Donal R'm!fel /ei$=e in@ !a%in$ t=ere i! no +lan for a raft @ an .laimin$ t=at 9err%D! in!in'ation t=at -'!= mi$=t =ave to t'rn to .on!.ri+tion /a! Ff'll of it.F -'t t=i! Re+'1li.an 0R effort !=o'l not 1e taken too !erio'!l%. A! t=e a mini!tration an t=e Re+'1li.an ominate Con$re!! +rove /it= t=e :*A 0A5R745 A.t@ /=i.= /a! t=ro/n to$et=er in a .o'+le of a%! in late 2001 an +a!!e /it= no =earin$! /=ile t=e ink /a! !till r%in$ on t=e .o+ie! of t=e 1ill@ it oe!nDt take lon$ to intro '.e an ram t=ro'$= a 1ill in Con$re!!-+arti.'larl% a Re+'1li.an 1ill !o'$=t 1% t=e +re!i ent. -e!i e! /e kno/ Aa! 7 /rote in an e3+o!e 1a.k in 2003 in *alon ma$aMine /=i.= O'!t /on me a F6o!t Cen!ore *tor%F a/ar from 0roOe.t Cen!ore C@ t=at t=e -'!= a mini!tration an t=e 0enta$on =ave 1een 1'!il% re!taffin$ t=e '!t% lo.al an re$ional raft 1oar ! t=at are t=e .r'.ial ='man ma.=iner% of t=e *ele.tive *ervi.e *%!tem. An t=ere i! t=i! matter of =o/ %o' fi$=t a /ar like t=e one in 7ra8 /=en %o'Dre r'nnin$ o't of troo+!. Col. Davi #. #a.k/ort=@ one of t=e .o'ntr%D! mo!t e.orate !ol ier!@ t=ink! 9err% an t=e +eo+le +a!!in$ aro'n /orrie email! =ave it ri$=t. (or one t=in$@ =e note! t=at R'm!fel F=a! 1een flat /ron$ on ever% maOor militar% .all re$ar in$ 7ra8.F

82

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

Dems Support
,o-erful dems li(e Clar(% Murth and S(elton support ;he 5ill% 7"29"!""# A=tt+B""///.t=e=ill..om"ne/!"072904"militar%.a!+3C
Retire Gen. ;e!le% Clark@ a former +re!i ential =o+ef'l /=o =a! no/ en or!e 9err%@ /arne t=at t=e vol'nteer-for.e .on.e+t i! at H$rave ri!kI an t=at t=e raft !=o'l 1e t=e la!t re!ort. #e !ai @ H;e 1etter 1e t=inkin$ a1o't t=e raft or =ave it a! a fall1a.k. ;e<ve $ot to 1e =one!t /it= t=e .ommitment t=at /e<re fa.e /it=. ;e<ve $ot a1o't t/o %ear! to fi3 t=e!e U!=orta$eV +ro1lem! 1efore t=e 1ill .ome! 'e.I Re+. Po=n 6'rt=a AD-0a.C@ rankin$ mem1er of t=e A++ro+riation! Defen!e *'1.ommittee@ on a +anel i!.'!!ion at *'ffolk :niver!it%@ a e B H5=e onl% /a% to in.rea!e t=e !iMe of t=e arme !ervi.e! fairl% i! /it= a raft.I -'t Re+. Pim 5'rner AD-5e3a!C@ rankin$ mem1er of t=e #omelan *e.'rit% Committee@ !ai t=e raft i! not %et ne.e!!ar%. 5'rner@ al!o a mem1er of t=e Arme *ervi.e! Committee@ a e @ H;e nee to 1e +re+are to =ave one@I e!+e.iall% if t=ere i! anot=er maOor .onfli.t in t=e /orl . #o'!e Arme *ervi.e! Committee rankin$ mem1er 7ke *kelton AD-6o.C al!o !'$$e!te in.rea!in$ t=e n'm1er of a.tive- 't% troo+! 1% 40@000. *'!an Ri.e@ an a vi!er to 9err% on national-!e.'rit% i!!'e!@ .ite t=e !ame n'm1er at a +re!! .onferen.e %e!ter a%.

83

Cal 2k6-7

National Draft Aff

ush ,ush Noush pushin) for military service in national service a)enda
,o'i! Caldera% vi.e .=an.ellor for 'niver!it% a van.ement for t=e California *tate :niver!it% !%!tem@ former@ !e.retar% of t=e Arm%@ <all !""! A-rookin$! Revie/@ =tt+B""///.1rookin$!.e '"+re!!"revie/"fall2002".al era.=tmC 0re!i ent -'!= =a! in.l' e t=e militar% in =i! re.ent national !ervi.e +ro+o!al!@ 1't .reatin$ ne/ o++ort'nitie! for militar% !ervi.e t=at +arallel .ivilian !ervi.e /ill not 1e ea!%. 5=e militar% it!elf =a! !tr'$$le to fin /a%! to em1ra.e t=e .on.e+t of more %o'n$ +eo+le !ervin$ !=orter to'r! of 't% /it=o't .om+romi!in$ t=e re8'irement! of militar% .o=e!ivene!! an rea ine!!@ +arti.'larl% in t=e era of t=e =i$=-te.= 1attlefiel . 5o a%D! re.r'itment an trainin$ .o!t! are =i$=. -e.a'!e !ervi.e mem1er! often train for a %ear or more 1efore arrivin$ at t=eir fir!t 'nit@ t=e militar% !ervi.e! +refer fo'r- to !i3-%ear enli!tment .ontra.t! an +'t a +remi'm on retainin$ !kille .areeri!t!. 6oreover@ =i$= +er!onnel t'rnover at t=e 'nit level e$ra e! 'nit .o=e!ivene!!. 5eam! never 8'ite $el a! ne/ re.r'it! kee+ movin$ in an o't of t=e rank!. 5rainer! an lea er! rarel% $et to =one =i$=er-or er team .om+eten.ie! a! t=e% .on!tantl% /ork to re1'il 1a!i. one!. *o it /ill not 1e a! !im+le a! man atin$ !=orter to'r o+tion!-a +ro+o!al t=at man% in t=e militar% !'!+e.t /ill 1rin$ into t=e rank! !ol ier! /=o are not reall% .ommitte to t=e +ro+o!ition t=at t=e% m'!t train a! if /ar i! imminent an t=at t=e% /ill 1e t=e one! to fi$=t it.

84