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MAGNETISM
3.MAGNETIC INDUCTION
POINTS TO REMEMBER 1. Magnetic induction at a point on the axial line of a bar magnet :
o l
d P Baxial

Let P is a point which is at a distance d from the centre of a bar magnet on its axial line. The magnetic induction field at point P is given by
B axial = 0 2Md 4 d 2 l 2

i) For a short bar magnet l 2<<d2. Hence l 2 can be neglected. B axial =

0 2M 4 d3

ii) The direction of B is from south to north along the axial line. iii) Direction of B is parallel to magnetic moment M . v) Intensity of magnetic field at the same point is given by, H axial =
r r

1 2Md 2 4 ( d 2 l 2 )
1 2M 4 d 3

For a short bar magnet l 2<<d2. Hence l 2 can be neglected. H axial =

2. Magnetic induction at a point of the equatorial line of a bar magnet : Let P is a point on the equatorial line of a bar magnet which is at a distanced from the centre of the bar magnet. The magnetic induction field at point P is given by
Beqi = 0 M 4 d2 + l 2
Bequi P d
S

3/2

c) For a short bar magnet l 2<<d2. Hence l 2 can be neglected, Beqi = iii) The direction of B is from North to South parallel to its axis. iv) Direction of B is antiparallel to M . v) Intensity of magnetic field at point P is given by, H =
1 M 4 d3

0 M 4 d3

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

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1. Ans:

Derive an expression for the magnetic induction on the equatorial line of a bar magnet?
Consider a bar magnet of length 2l and pole strength m. Consider a point P on the axial line of the bar magnet at a distance d from the centre O of the bar magnet. Let a unit north is placed at a point P. It experiences a repulsive force FN due to the North Pole and an attractive pole FS due to the South Pole.

FN =

0 m l 4 ( d l )2

Along NP

uuu r

And

FS =

0 m l 4 ( d + l )2

Along PS

uuu r

The resultant force on unit North Pole is given by Fnet = FN FS =

0 m m 0 2 4 ( d l ) 4 ( d + l )2
2 2

0 m 1 1 0 m ( d + l ) ( d l ) 2 2 = 2 2 4 d l d l + ( ) ( ) 4 (d l ) (d + l )

4dl F = 0 m 4 ( d 2 l 2 )2
But M = 2lm is called the magnetic moment .Net force ( or) magnetic induction (B) is given by

F =

0 2Md 4 ( d 2 l 2 )2

For a short bar magnet (i.e. if l is very much less than d, l < < < d then

0 2 M 1 2M or H = 3 4 d 4 d 3
uuu r

The direction of magnetic induction is from South Pole SN along the axis.

2.

Derive an expression for the magnetic induction at a point on the equatorial line of a bar magnet.?

Equatorial line of a magnet is the perpendicular bisector of the axis of the Ans: magnet. Let us Consider a bar magnet of length 2l and pole strength m. Consider a
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www.sakshieducation.com point P on the equatorial line of the bar magnet at a distance d form the centre O of the bar magnet. Let a unit North Pole is placed at the point P. It experience a repulsive force FN due to the north and attractive force FS due to the south pole of the bar magnet.

FN =

0 m 1 m 1 and FS = 0 2 2 2 2 4 ( d + l ) 4 ( d + l )

The resultant force acting on the unit North Pole can be determined by drawing a parallelogram with FN and FS as adjacent sides as shown. The diagonal PC represents the resultant force. In the diagram PAC and PNS are similar triangles.

PC PA = NS PN

(or)

PC =

PA NS PN
PC =

Or PC =

FN 2l d 2 + l2

(or)

0 m 2l 2 2 4 ( d + l ) d 2 + l 2 1 2 ( )

But M = 2lm = magnetic moment. The magnetic induction on the equatorial line is given by

B=

0 M 4 d 2 + l 2 3 2 ( )

For a short bar magnet i.e. if l << d; then

0 M 4 d 3

(or)

H=

1 M 4 d 3

The direction of magnetic induction on the equatorial line is from north to south uuu r NS parallel to the axis www.sakshieducation.com

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Very Short Answer Questions: 1. Give the expressions for the magnetic induction due to a bar magnet on (i) the axial line and (ii) equatorial line.? ( March 2010) Ans: If the length is 2land pole strength is m for a bar magnet, the magnetic induction at

a point on the axial line at a distance d from the centre of the magnet is given by,

Barial =

0 2Md . 2 2 2 4 (d l )

For a short magnet, Barial =

0 2 M . 4 d 3
0 . 4
M (d 2 + l 2 ) 2
3

On the equatorial line of the bar magnet, Bequatorial =

For a short magnet, Bequatorial =

2.

0 M . . 4 d 3

Where do you find the null points in the combined field due to a bar magnet and the earth, when (i) the N-pole of the magnet is kept towards the north of the earth, (ii) the S-Pole of the magnet is kept towards the north of the earth?

Ans: (i)When the N-pole of the magnet is kept towards the north pole of earth, the null points in the combined field due to the bar magnet and the earth are obtained on the equatorial line of the magnet on either side at equal distance from the centre of the magnet.. ii) When the S-pole of the magnet is kept towards the north pole of earth, the null points in the combined field due to the bar magnet the bar magnet and the earth are obtained on the axial line of the magnet on either side at equal distance from the centre of the magnet. SOLVED PROBLEMS 1. Find the magnetic induction at a distance of 20cm on the equatorial line of a short bar magnet with a magnetic moment 60 Am2

Sol:

The magnetic induction on the equatorial line of a short bar magnet, BE =

0 M 4 d 3

BE =
2.

4 107 60 4 (20 102 )3

The magnetic moment of a bar magnetic is 45 Am2 and its length is 10cm. Calculate the magnetic field induction at a point 10cm away from the centre of the magnet on the axial line.?

Sol: Magnetic field induction on the axial line B =

0 2 Md 4 (d 2 l 2 ) 2

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B = 10

2 45 10 102
2 2 2 2 (10 10 ) (5 10 ) 2

= 16 103 T

3.

A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1.2 Am 2 is placed in the magnetic meridian with its south pole pointing the north. If a neutral point is found at a distance of 20cm from the centre of the magnet, what is the value of the horizontal component of the earths magnetic field? BH =

Sol:
4.

0 2M 4 107 2 1.2 = = 30 106 T 3 4 d 4 (20 102 )3

Two short bar magnets having magnetic moments in the ratio 27 : 8 are placed on opposite arms of a deflection magnetometer. Find the distance of stronger magnet if the weaker magnet is at a distance of 10cm from the centre of the magnetometer for null deflection.?
M 1 : M 2 = 27 : 8 and d1 = ? and d 2 = 10cm = 0.1 m

Sol:

M1 d13 = 3 M 2 d2
d1 =
5.

27 (0.1)3 33 (0.1)3 d13 27 3 d1 = = = 8 23 8 (0.1)3

3 0.1 = 0.15 m = 15cm 2

The ratio of magnetic moments of two bar magnets is 4:5. If the deflection due to first bar magnet in the deflection magnetometer is 450, then what is the deflection due to second bar magnet?
M 1 tan 1 and = M 2 tan 2
M1 : M 2 = 4 : 5

Sol:

4 Tan 450 1 5 = = Tan 2 = = 1.25 2 = tan 1 (1.25) = 51.340 5 Tan 2 Tan 2 4

Unsolved Problem 1. A short bar magnet produces magnetic fields of equal induction at two points one on the axial line and the other on the equatorial line. What is the ratio of their distances?

Asn:

Ba = Be

2 M 0 M 0 = 3 4 d13 4 d 2
2.

d 1 = 2 d2

d1 = 21/ 3 d1 : d 2 = 21/ 3 :1 d2

A bar magnet of magnetic moment 0.4 Am2 is placed in the magnetic meridian with its north pole pointing north. A neutral point is obtained at a distance of 10cm from the centre of the magnet. If the length of the magnet is
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also 10 cm what is the value of horizontal component of earths field at the place? Ans:

M = 0.4 Am2 ; 2l = 10cm = 101 m l =

101 m ; d = 10cm = 101 m 2

Since North Pole is pointing north, null point is obtained on equatorial line of the bar magnet. Hence at null point,

BH =

0 M 107 0.4 = 3/2 4 (d 2 + l 2 )3/2 2 102

10 + 4

BH = 2.86 105 T .
ASSESS YOURSELF: 1. Ans: What do you infer from the magnetic field lines around a bar magnet which are closed loops?

Isolated poles do not exist.

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