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AP Chemistry: Atomic Structure Multiple Choice

22. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p3 Atoms of an element, , ha!e the electronic confi"uration sho#n a$o!e. %he compoun& most li'ely forme& #ith ma"nesium, M", is( )A* M" )+* M"2 )C* M" 2 ),* M" 3 )-* M"3 2 .3. %he elements in #hich of the follo#in" ha!e most nearly the same atomic ra&ius/ )A* +e, +, C, N ),* C, P, Se, 1 )+* Ne, Ar, 0r, e )-* Cr, Mn, 2e, Co )C* M", Ca, Sr, +a

34. 5hich of the follo#in" represents the "roun& state electron confi"uration for the Mn36 ion/ )Atomic num$er Mn 7 23* )A* 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63&. )+* 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63&3 .s2 )C* 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63&2 .s2 ),* 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63&4 .s2 )-* 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63&3 .s1 8se the follo#in" ans#ers for 9uestions 1 : 3. )A* 2 )+* S )C* M" ),* Ar )-* Mn 1. 2orms monatomic ions #ith 2; char"e in solutions 2. 2orms a compoun& ha!in" the formula 0 <. 3. 2orms o=i&es that are common air pollutants an& that yiel& aci&ic solution in #ater 33. 5hich of the follo#in" conclusions can $e &ra#n from >. >. %homson?s catho&e ray e=periments/ )A* Atoms contain electrons. )+* Practically all the mass of an atom is containe& in its nucleus. )C* Atoms contain protons, neutrons, an& electrons. ),* Atoms ha!e a positi!ely char"e& nucleus surroun&e& $y an electron clou&. )-* No t#o electrons in one atom can ha!e the same four 9uantum num$ers. 1. 8se these ans#ers for 9uestions 1 : 3. )A* < ) +* @a )C* A$ ),* M" )-* N 1. 5hat is the most electrone"ati!e element of the a$o!e/ 2. 5hich element e=hi$its the "reatest num$er of &ifferent o=i&ation states/ 3. 5hich of the elements a$o!e has the smallest ionic ra&ius for its most commonly foun& ion/ 3B. 1n the perio&ic ta$le, as the atomic num$er increases from 11 to 1C, #hat happens to the atomic ra&ius/ )A* 1t remains constant. )C* 1t increases, then &ecreases. )-* 1t &ecreases, then increases. )+* 1t increases only. ),* 1t &ecreases only.

.. 8se these ans#ers for 9uestions . : C.

)A* 1s2 2s22p3 3s23p3 ),* 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63&3

)+* 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6

)C* 1s2 2s22p62&1B 3s23p6

)-* 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63&3 .s2

.. An impossi$le electronic confi"uration 3. %he "roun&:state confi"uration for the atoms of a transition element 6. %he "roun&:state confi"uration of a ne"ati!e ion of a halo"en C. %he "roun&:state confi"uration of a common ion of an al'aline earth element 1. 8se these ans#ers for 9uestions 1:. )A* Deisen$er" uncertainty principle ),* Shiel&in" effect )+* Pauli e=clusion principle )C* Dun&?s rule )-* 5a!e nature of matter

1. Can $e use& to pre&ict that a "aseous car$on atom in its "roun& state is parama"netic 2. -=plains the e=perimental phenomenon of electron &iffraction 3. 1n&icates that an atomic or$ital can hol& no more than t#o electrons .. Pre&icts that it is impossi$le to &etermine simultaneously the e=act position an& the e=act !elocity of an electron 3.. All of the follo#in" statements concernin" the characteristics of the halo"ens are true - C-P%( )A* %he first ioniEation ener"ies )potentials* &ecrease as the atomic num$ers of the halo"ens increase. )+* 2luorine is the $est o=i&iEin" a"ent. )C* 2luorine atoms ha!e the smallest ra&ii. ),* 1o&ine li$erates free $romine from a solution of $romi&e ion. )-* 2luorine is the most electrone"ati!e of the halo"ens. 3. Fuestions 3:4 refer to atoms for #hich the occupie& atomic or$itals are sho#n $elo#:

3. Aepresents an atom that is chemically unreacti!e 6. Aepresents an atom in an e=cite& state C. Aepresents an atom that has four !alence electrons. 4. Aepresents an atom of a transition metal. 31. 5hich of the follo#in" is a correct interpretation of the results of Autherfor&?s e=periments in #hich "ol& atoms #ere $om$ar&e& #ith alpha particles/ )A* Atoms ha!e e9ual num$ers of positi!e an& ne"ati!e char"es. )+* -lectrons in atoms are arran"e& in shells. )C* Neutrons are at the center of an atom. ),* Neutrons an& protons in atoms ha!e nearly e9ual mass. )-* %he positi!e char"e of an atom is concentrate& in a small re"ion. 1oniEation -ner"ies for element )'> mol;1*

2irst 34B

Secon& 1413

%hir& 2C.B

2ourth 116BB

2i!e 1.4BB is

3C. %he ioniEation ener"ies for element are liste& in the ta$le a$o!e. <n the $asis of the &ata, element most li'ely to $e( )A* Na )+* M" )C* A1 ),* Si )-* P 1G. 5hich of the follo#in" represents a pair of isotopes/ Atomic Num$er 6 C 6 1. 6 1. C C 4 16 Mass Num$er 1. 1. C 1. 1. 24 13 1. 16 2B

)A* )+* )C* ),* )-*

1. 11. 1. 11. 1. 11. 1. 11. 1. 11.

Fuestions 1:2 Consi&er atoms of the follo#in" elements. Assume that the atoms are in the "roun& state. )A* )+* )C* ),* )-* S Ca Ha S$ +r

1. %he atom that contains e=actly t#o unpaire& electrons. 2. %he atom that contains only one electron in the hi"hest occupie& ener"y su$le!el. 1C. 1n #hich of the follo#in" "roups are the three species isoelectronic, i.e. ha!e the same num$er of( electrons/ )A* )+* )C* ),* )-* S2I, 06, Ca26 Sc, %i, J26 <2I, S2I, Cl: M"26, Ca26, Sr26 Cs, +a26, @a36

... 5hich of the follo#in" properties "enerally &ecreases across the perio&ic ta$le from so&ium to chlorine/ )A* )+* )C* ),* )-* 2irst ioniEation ener"y Atomic mass -lectrone"ati!ity Ma=imum !alue of o=i&ation num$er Atomic ra&ius

.6. %he effecti!e nuclear char"e e=perience& $y the outermost electron of Na is &ifferent than the effecti!e nuclear char"e e=perience& $y the outermost electron of Ne. %his &ifference $est accounts for #hich of the follo#in"/ )A* )+* )C* ),* )-* Na has a "reater &ensity at stan&ar& con&itions than Ne. Na has a lo#er first ioniEation ener"y than Ne. Na has a hi"her meltin" point than Ne. Na has a hi"her neutron:to:proton ratio than Ne. Na has fe#er naturally occurrin" isotopes than Ne.