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Outline of Presentation
1. Background introduction - Biomass energy - Palm oil wastes a representative for SE Asia 2. IESEs work in advanced biomass gasification/pyrolysis - Palm oil wastes pyrolysis for efficient bio-syngas production - Catalytic biomass gasification for tar removal and H2 yield - Modeling and simulation development - Fundamental understanding of palm oil waste gasification - Industrial consultancy on palm oil waste torrefaction 3. Other on-going projects related to clean fuel and CO2 sequestration 4. Summary
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Biomass Energy
CO2 + H2O + Biomass + O2
Advantage of biomass energy: Zero CO2 emission Low pollutant emission (N, S and ash) Energy plant, environmental friendly Renewable and huge amount Compatibility with fossil fuel utilization
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Traditional biomass: Open burning, small domestic/industrial burners/boilers lead to Low efficiency High emissions Haze episodes Advanced bioenergy technology
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High yield, 5 times of peanut oil Utilization: edible oil, butter, food industry, Soap, stearic acid, glycerine, etc.
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Waste:
600-700 kg POME ~ 20 m3 biogas 210 kg fibers + shells ~ 45 kWh 230 kg empty fruit bunches (EFB) ~ ~ 35 kWh
~ 30 Mt/year in Malaysia and 8.8 Mt/year in Indonesia of palm oil wastes (fruit shell, empty fruit bunch, and fiber) are generated. These wastes contain high iESE volatile matters (~75%) and have high calorific value (~ 20 MJ/kg).
Gasification
Charcoal Production
Pyrolysis
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IESEs work in advanced wastes gasification/pyrolysis for 2nd gen. biofuel production
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EFB
Ground
Fiber
1000
Proximate analysis (wt.%) Mad Shell Fiber 5.73 6.56 8.75 Vad 73.74 75.99 79.67 Ad 2.21 5.33 3.02 FCad
0.51 36.30
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EFB
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Main findings:
Li J.F., Yan R.*, Xiao B., Wang X.L., Yang H.P., Liang D.T. Influence of temperature on the formation of oil from pyrolyzing palm oil wastes in a fixed bed reactor, Energy & Fuels, 21 (4): 2398-2407 (2007).
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Temperature played a critical role, and oil components demonstrated a close link with gas releasing from pyrolyzing palm oil wastes.
Catalyst was eggshell structure which coated NiO nanoparticles on the surface of -Al2O3 sphere
Main findings:
1. Catalyst improved significantly the yield of H2 and ration of H2/CO for downstream FT process. 2. Cost of catalyst was reduced largely by coating active elements on supports, as applied in synthesis procedure.
Li J.F., Yan R.*, Xiao B., Liang T.D., Du L.J. Development of nano-NiO/Al2O3 catalyst to be used for tar removal in biomass gasification, Environmental Science and Technology, 42(16) 6224-6229 (2008). Li J.F., Yan R.*, Xiao B., Liang D.T., Lee D.H. Preparation of nano-NiO particles and evaluation of their catalytic activity in pyrolyzing biomass components, Energy & Fuels, 22(1), 16-23 (2008).
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3. Highly potential of industrial application of the developed catalysts for biomass gaisifcation
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