PELTON WHEEL TURBINE TEST RIG

PELTON WHEEL TURBINE TEST RIG

AIM: To determine the output power of Pelton Wheel Turbine. To find out the efficiency of the Turbine. To study the operation of a Pelton Wheel Turbine. THEORY: Turbine: Turbine is defined as the hydraulic machines which converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is used tin running an electric generator which is directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine. Thus the mechanical energy is converted in to electric energy. Pelton wheel: The Pelton wheel is a tangential flow impulse turbine. The water strikes the bucket along the tangent of the runner. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. The pressure at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmosphere. The turbine is used for high head. DES RIPTION: The actual experimental facility supplied consist of Centrifugal Pump Set Turbine !nit Sump Tank arranged in such a way that the whole unit works as re"circulating water system. The Centrifugal Pump Set supplies the water from Sump Tank to the Turbine through control valve. The loading of the turbine is achieved by rope brake drum connected to spring balance. SPE I!I ATION: Pump 0otor 7o88le Spring :alance 7o88le %unner dia UTILITIES RE"UIRED: 1. Water supply 9. 4 phase supply ;;, volt ) 4. <rain ;. Space re=uired: 9.9m x 1 m # C$T%&'!()* +, - ./ mm # ).C.1/ 2.P314.5/ 6W # 9/mm # 1,6g /, 6g # 9.,mm

E#PERIMENTAL PRO EDURE: St$rtin% &ro'e(ure: Clean the apparatus and make all tanks free from dust. Close the drain valve provided. 'ill sump tank > with clean water and ensure that no foreign particles are there. Close control valves provided on delivery line. ?pen :y"Pass Clean the apparatus and make )ll Tanks free from <ust. Close the drain valve provided. 'ill sump tank 43; with clean water and ensure that no foreign particles are there. Close Control @alves provided on delivery line. ?pen :y"Pass valve. 'ill manometer fluid i.e. 2g. in 0anometer. 7ow switch ?7 the 0ain Power Supply. Switch ?7 the Pump with the help of Starter. ?pen Control valve slowly to avoid the blow of water on manometer fluid. 7ow open the air release valve provided on the 0anometer slowly to release the air in manometer. When there is no air in the manometer close the )ir release valves. 7ow open the spear valve to allow the water to turbineAs buckets in shape of a Bet. 7ow turbine is in operation. %egulate the discharge by operating control valve by"pass valve and Spear valve. *oad the turbine with the help of hand wheel attached to the Spring :alance. 7ote the 0onometer %eading and Pressure (auge reading. 7ote the %P0 of the Turbine. 7ote the 'ixed and )dBustable :alance %eadings. %epeat the same experiment for different load and different discharge. lo)in% Pro'e(ure: When the experiment is over first remove load on dynamometer. 'ull open the "by"pass valve. Close the ball valve provided on manometer. Switch ?'' Pump with the help of startor. Switch ?'' main power supply. STANDARD DATA: 'low measurement ) # Cross"sectional are of Pipe g # )cceleration due to (ravity Pw # <ensity of water Pm # <ensity of 0anometer fluid i.e. 2g < # <iameter of dynamometer # # # # # # Pitot Tube in .+ mm diameter pipe ,.,,4.9C m9 C.+1 m3s9 1,,, kg3m4 14//, 6g3m4 ,.4 m

!ORMULAE: Total 2ead: 2 # 1, - P Dm of waterE P # Pressure gauge reading kg3cm9 @ # @acuum gauge reading @elocity of water in pipe v # F G9gh HD m 3 wE I 1JK w # <ensity of water # 1,,, kg3m4 m # <ensity of 0anometer fluid i.e. CC*; # 1/C, kg3m4 h # <ifferential pressure of 0anometer DmE L#)-v Dm43sE ) # Cross"sectional area of pipe @# @elocity of water in pipe m3s B*H*P +Out&ut, - ./ N +w0 1 w/, 2+Db 3 DR, 4 /56 4 7899 H*P w1 # 'ixed spring balance reading DkgE w9 # )dBustable spring balance reading DkgE 7 # %P0 of %unner shaft <b # <iameter of brake drum <% # <iameter of rope H*P H:( +In&ut, - w " H 4 ;8 H*P <ischarge w # <ensity of water L # <ischarge 2 # Total 2ead

turbine # D:.2.P 3 2.P 2ydEx1,,

OBSER<ATION TABLE: S. 7. %P0 D7E Pr. (auge <ifferential reading Pressure 9 P Dkg3cm E 2 DmE 1 9 4 ; / AL ULATION TABLE: S.7. Total 2 2ead @elocity v <ischarge L ?utput :2P &nput 2Phyd Turbine $fficiency M 'ixed spring )dBustable Spring balance reading balance reading w1 DkgE w9 DkgE

1 9 4 ;

/ SAMPLE AL ULATION: STANDARD DATA: Pump 0otor Spring :alance 7o88le 'low measurement 7o88le %unner dia ) # Cross"sectional are of Pipe g # )cceleration due to (ravity Pw # <ensity of water Pm # <ensity of 0anometer fluid i.e. 2g < # <iameter of dynamometer OBSER<ATION TABLE: S. 7. %P0 D7E 1 9 1.+; 11,, Pr. (auge reading P Dkg3cm9E 1., 1., <ifferential Pr. <ead weight 2 DmE w1 DkgE ,.45/ 9, ,.14 9; Spring balance w9 DkgE 1./ 9., # Centrifugal +, - ./ mm # ).C.1/ 2.P314.5/ 6W # 1,6g /, 6g # Pitot Tube in .+ mm diameter pipe #9/mm # 9.,mm # ,.,,4.9C m9 # C.+1 m3s9 # 1,,, kg3m4 # 14//, 6g3m4 # ,.4 m

AL ULATION TABLE: S.7. Total 2 1.+; 11,, 2ead @elocity v 1, 1, <ischarge L ,.1,+4, ,.,.4+1 ?utput &nput Turbine $fficiency M ;C.5,M ././CM

1 9 PRE

1;.;; ,+./,

5.15 /./5

AUTION = MAINTENAN E INSTRU TIONS: <o not run the pump at low voltage i.e. less than 4C, @olts. 7ever fully close the <elivery line and :y"Pass line @alves simultaneously. )lways keep apparatus free from dust. To prevent clogging of moving parts %un Pump at least once in a fortnight. 're=uently (rease3?il the rotating parts once in three months. )lways use clean water. &t apparatus will not in use for more than half month drain the apparatus completely.

TROUBLE SHOOTINGS: &f pump does not lift the water the revolution of the motor may be reverse. Change the electric connection of motor to change the revolutions. &f panel is not showing input check the main supply.