4 Pushing the boundaries

Vocabulary 1 p.42
ANSWERS Ex. 2 Its unpredictability and the fact that many discoveries are made by chance Ex. 3 1 1 by/with 2 other 3 no/little 4 all 6 why 7 is 8 make 9 it 12 into 13 former 14 most 15 never 1 thrown up 2 make sense of 3 break down 4 for the most part

5 up 10 what

11 which

Speaking: Parts 3 and 4 p.43

ANSWERS Ex. '1 Clarifying: So what you mean by that is ...; So you're saying that ...; Asking: How do you feel about ...; Do you feel the same as ...; What do you think about ... Explaining: What I mean is ...; I feel that ...; I'm trying to say that ...; It seems to me that ... Ex. 2 3 Phrases from Exercise 1.3: I feel that ...; it seems to me that ... Phrases that add information: And what's more ...; Another thing I think about ...; On top of that ... 01, Recording script p.93

Grammar 1: conditionals (overview) p.44

ANSWERS Ex. 1 1 don't do, you will 2 had known 3 would use, had 4 (automatically) adds milk, press this button 5 you come, stand up 6 you touch, might 2 1 could, might, may ... will, would 2 present 3 if + past perfect + would 4 if + past + would 5 second 6 if + present + will

ILINIT 4 Pushing the boundaries

Ex. 2 1 If you really want to keep up with scientific developments you will have to read more! 2 If there were more information about science on television, there's a chance that young people might get interested in it. 3 There is a great offer on sci-fi books on the Internet if you buy two you get one free. 4 I would have done better at science when I was at school if I had worked harder. 5 If I promised to take care of it, would you lend me your video mp3 player? 6 I wouldn't take that job if I were you! 7 If he had gone to the party, he might have seen her there. 8 If you had taken up her offer of a lift, you might have got home sooner.

Exam focus
Paper 4 Listening: multiple choice (Part 1) p.45
ANSWERS 1 C 2 A 3 C 4B 5 C 6B

Reading: gapped text (Part 2) p.46

ANSWERS Ex. 2 2 1 Ex. 3 1

C g 7

2 2 a

E f 8

3 3 i

D e 9

4G 4c d

5 5

B h

6 6

A b

26

Listening: sentence completion (Part 2) p.47

Ex. 1 1 biology 2 popular science 3 (thorough) research 4 schoolteacher 5 feathers 6 cover 7 genetic engineering 8 shellfish

Vocabulary 2: word formation p.48

ANSWERS Ex. 1 A pencillin B anaesthetic C quinine D x-ray Ex. 2 1 1 breakthroughs 2 previously 3 resistance 4 growth 5 Botanists 6 incredible 7 accidentally 8 miraculously 9 diagnostic 10 photographic 2 1 breakthrough 2 previously 3 diagnostic, photographic 4 accidentally, miraculously 5 resistance, growth 6 botanists 7 incredible

Grammar 2: conditionals (advanced) p.48

Ex. 1 1 1 a) ./ b) ./ 2 a) b) / 3 a) ,/ b) d) 4 a) b) c) 5 a) ./ b) / 6 b) c) 2 1 3a, 3d 2 4a 3 2b 4 2a 5 1a, 4c 6 5a 3 b these words may stress the hypothetical nature of the conditional clause, but there is no difference in politeness or formality. Ex. 2 1 Had we spent ... 2 If you will just ... 3 If I were to say ... 4 If you happen to see ... 5 ... would that be a problem? Ex. 3 1 ... unless I am sure it's safe. 2 ... had you taken my advice. 3 Were someone to find a cure ... 4 ... if you happen to find them ... 5 ... provided that the weather improves. 6 As long as she works hard ...

Vocabulary 3: collocations, fixed phrases and idioms p.50

ANSWERS Ex. 1 1 hold their breath 2 twist their ankle 3 pull a muscle 4 make a good living 5 hack into computers 6 bookmark your favourite web pages 7 prioritise your work 8 conduct experiments Ex. 2

1 utterly 4 deeply 1b 2c 2 c

2 bitterly 3 hugely 5 enormously 3a 4e 3b 4a

6 completely Ex. 3 5 d Ex. 4 5

28

Paper 3 Use of English: gapped sentences (Part 4) p.51

ANSWERS 1 short 2 blocked 3 deal 4 turn 5 process

Writing: article (Part 2) p.52

ANSWERS Ex. 1 Not true: should have bullet points and headings Ex. 2 1 1 support or disagree, give reasons 2 young people 3 i n f o r m a l , d i r e c t 2 1a 2 b - it's more direct, more informal and goes straight to the point.

UNIT 4 Review p.53

ANSWERS Ex. 1 1 in 6 to 11 up Ex. 2 2c 2 from 7 which 12 so 2b 3 towards/for 4 like 8 of 9 No/Little 10 part 13 As 14 only/just 3b

5 the
15 all

Ex. 3 1 keep in touch (informal) 2 taking a break (informal) 3 spots (informal) 4 set up (informal) 5 signed up (informal)

6 growing involvement (formal) Ex. 4 1 technological - adjective; other forms - technology warn - verb; other forms warning revolution noun; other forms revolt expertisenoun; other forms expert evidence noun; other forms evident genuine adjective; no other forms 2 1 warning 2 technical 3 expert 4 revolutionary 5 genuinely