The Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023

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1. Executive Summary
1.1 Overview of the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 1.2 Benefits of this Report 1.3 Who is this Report For? 1.4 Methodology 1.5 The Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 1.6 The Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Forecast 2013-2023 1.7 The Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Submarkets Forecast 2013-2023

2. Introduction to the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market

2.1 History of the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2.2 Stages in the Offshore Decommissioning Process 2.2.1 Project Planning and Permitting 2.2.2 Well Plugging and Abandonment (P&A) 2.2.3 Pipeline Cleaning and Decommissioning 2.2.4 Jacket and Topside Removal 2.2.5 Onshore Disposal 2.2.6 Site Clearance 2.2.7 Continued Monitoring 2.3 Global Regulations Regarding the Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Industry 2.3.1 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf 2.3.2 1972 London Dumping Convention 2.3.3 1982 United Nations (UN) Law of the Sea Convention 2.3.4 International Maritime Organization (IMO) Guidelines 2.4 Regional Regulations Regarding the Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Industry 2.4.1 European Regulations 2.4.1.1 The Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2.4.1.2 The Oslo/Paris (OSPAR) Agreements 2.4.1.3 EU Water Framework Directive 2.4.1.4 EU Habitats and Birds Directives 2.4.2 United Kingdom Regulations 2.4.2.1 The Petroleum Act 1998 2.4.2.2 The Energy Act 2008

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2.4.3 Norwegian Regulations 2.4.3.1 The Petroleum Activities Act 1996 2.4.3.2 The Pollution Control Act 2.4.4 North American Regulations 2.4.4.1 Notice to Lessees and Operators on Idle Iron 2.4.4.2 National Artificial Reef Plan 2.4.5 Asia-Pacific Regulations

3. The Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023
3.1 The Location of Offshore Installations 3.2 Drivers and Restraints in the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 3.2.1 What are the Key Drivers in the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market? 3.2.2 Key Restraints in the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market

4. The Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Forecast 2013-2023
4.1 The Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 4.1.1 The Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Submarkets Forecast 2013-2023 4.1.2 What is the Structure of the Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market? 4.1.3 The Drivers and Restraints in the Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.1.3.1 The Impact of Ageing Offshore Structures 4.1.3.2 How Strong Regulations Have Had a Role to Play in the Growth of the Offshore Decommissioning Market in the Gulf of Mexico 4.1.3.3 Hurricane Damage 4.1.3.4 The Impact of Rigs-to-Reef 4.1.3.5 Has Experience and Skills Led to Market Growth in the Gulf of Mexico? 4.1.3.6 Growth of Unconventional Energy Resources the Shale Oil and Gas Revolution 4.1.3.7 The Impact of Investments to Prolong the Life of the Fields 4.1.3.8 Permitting Process Has this Prolonged the Offshore Decommissioning Procedure? 4.2 Other North American Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets 2013-2023 4.2.1 Rest of North America Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 4.2.2 The Californian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023 4.2.2.1 California Offshore Oil and Gas Market and Offshore Structures

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4.2.2.2 Californian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning History 4.2.3 The Alaskan Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023 4.2.3.1 Alaskan Offshore Oil and Gas Structures 4.2.3.2 Alaskan Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning History 4.3 The North Sea Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023 4.3.1 Characteristics of the North Sea Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.3.2 Historical Trends in the North Sea Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.3.3 The UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 4.3.4 The UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Submarkets Forecast 2013-2023 4.3.5 What is the Structure of the UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market? 4.3.6 When are Offshore Structures Going to be Decommissioned in the UK North Sea? 4.3.7 The Drivers and Restraints in the UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.3.7.1 Ageing Offshore Structures 4.3.7.2 Large and Unique Structures will Drive Growth in the UK North Sea Offshore Decommissioning Market 4.3.7.3 The Impact of Strong Regulations 4.3.7.4 Investments to Extend the Lifetime of Oil and Gas Fields Expected and the Impacts of the Decommissioning Relief Deeds 4.3.7.5 How will Limited Experience and Skills Impact the UK Market? 4.3.7.6 Will a Lack of Equipment and Resources Restrain the UK Offshore Decommissioning Market? 4.3.7.7 The UK North Sea High Tides and Harsh Winds 4.3.8 Recently Completed Offshore Decommissioning Projects in the UK North Sea 4.3.9 Current Offshore Decommissioning Projects in the UK North Sea 4.3.10 Future Offshore Decommissioning Projects in the UK North Sea 4.4 The Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 4.4.1 The Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Submarkets Forecast 2013-2023 4.4.2 The Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Structure 4.4.3 The Main Drivers and Restraints in the Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.4.3.1 Large, Ageing Offshore Structures 4.4.3.2 How Significant are Onshore Decommissioning Facilities? 4.4.3.3 Strong Regulations 4.4.3.4 Are More Investments to Prolong the Life of Fields Going to Impact the Norwegian Offshore Decommissioning Market? 4.4.3.5 The Restrictions of Limited Experience 4.4.4 Offshore Decommissioning Projects in the Norwegian North Sea 4.5 Other North Sea Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets

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4.5.1 Other North Sea Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 4.5.2 The Dutch Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.5.3 The Danish Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.5.4 The German Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.6 Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 4.6.1 Characteristics of the Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.6.2 The Main Drivers and Restraints of the Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.6.2.1 Substantial Number of Ageing Structures 4.6.2.2 What are the Decommissioning Conditions in Asia-Pacific? 4.6.2.3 The Limitations of Regulation 4.6.2.4 Is there a Potential for Rigs-to-Reef? 4.6.2.5 Lack of Training, Expertise, Equipment and Facilities 4.6.2.6 Deepwater Development and Increasing Production an Obstruction to Offshore Decommissioning? 4.6.2.7 NOC Control and Budgets 4.6.3 The Malaysia Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.6.4 The Australian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.6.5 The Indonesian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.6.6 The Thai Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.6.7 The Chinese Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.6.8 The Japanese Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.6.9 The Brunei Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 4.7 The Rest of the World Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 4.7.1 The Middle Eastern Oil and Gas Offshore Decommissioning Market 4.7.2 The Canadian Oil and Gas Offshore Decommissioning Market 4.7.3 The West African Oil and Gas Offshore Decommissioning Market 4.7.4 The South American Oil and Gas Offshore Decommissioning Market

5. PEST Analysis of the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023

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6. Expert Opinion
6.1 Mactech Inc. 6.1.1 Mactechs Role and Experience in the Offshore Decommissioning Industry 6.1.2 The Key Developments in the Global Offshore Decommissioning Industry 6.1.3 What are the Key Issues and Opportunities within the Offshore Decommissioning Industry? 6.1.4 The Growth of the Global Offshore Decommissioning Industry 6.1.5 The Importance of Legislation in the Offshore Decommissioning Industry 6.1.6 Technological and Project Developments in the Offshore Decommissioning Industry 6.1.7 A Focus on the Gulf of Mexico: Experience, Lessons Learned and Further Prospects 6.1.8 Issues with Deepwater Offshore Decommissioning 6.1.9 Offshore Decommissioning Developments in the North Sea 6.2 Eric Faulds Associates Ltd. 6.2.1 Eric Faulds Associates Role and Experience in the Offshore Decommissioning Industry 6.2.2 The Key Developments in the Global Offshore Decommissioning Industry 6.2.3 What are the Main Issues and Opportunities within the Offshore Decommissioning Industry? 6.2.4 A Focus on the North Sea: Timescales and Growth 6.2.5 How will Offshore Decommissioning Change in Other Sectors of the North Sea? 6.2.6 Environmental Issues with the North Sea 6.2.7 The Impact of Scottish Independence on North Sea Offshore Decommissioning

7. Leading Companies in the Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market

7.1 Oil and Gas Companies with Offshore Assets 7.1.1 Apache Corporation 7.1.2 BP 7.1.3 Canadian Natural Resources (CNR) 7.1.4 Chevron Corporation 7.1.5 ConocoPhillips 7.1.6 Eni 7.1.7 ExxonMobil Corporation 7.1.8 Petronas 7.1.9 PTTEP (Australasia) 7.1.10 Royal Dutch Shell

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7.1.11 Statoil 7.1.12 Total S.A. 7.2 Decommissioning Contractors 7.2.1 AF Gruppen (The AF Group) 7.2.2 Aker Solutions 7.2.3 Allseas Group 7.2.4 AMEC 7.2.5 Baker Hughes 7.2.6 Cal Dive International 7.2.7 Cutting Underwater Technologies (CUT) 7.2.8 Halliburton 7.2.9 Heerema Marine Contractors (HMC) 7.2.10 Mactech Inc 7.2.11 Mammoet Salvage 7.2.12 Oceaneering (Norse Cutting and Abandonment) 7.2.13 Pipeline Services International (PSI) 7.2.14 Proserv Offshore 7.2.15 Saipem 7.2.16 SapuraAcergy 7.2.17 Schlumberger 7.2.18 Stork Technical Services 7.2.19 Subsea 7 7.2.20 Technip 7.2.21 TETRA Technologies, Inc 7.2.22 Weatherford International 7.2.23 Wild Well Control 7.2.24 Wood Group 7.3 Decommissioning Consultancies 7.3.1 BMT Cordah 7.3.2 Bureau Veritas 7.3.3 Eric Faulds Associates Ltd. 7.3.4 Genesis Oil and Gas Consultants Ltd 7.3.5 Optimus 7.3.6 PB Consultants 7.3.7 Ramboll 7.3.8 Reverse Engineering Services, Ltd (REL)

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7.3.9 TSB Offshore

8. Conclusions
8.1 Outlook for the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 8.2 Drivers and Restraints in the Global Offshore 8.3 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecasts 2013-2023 8.4 Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Submarket Forecasts 2013-2023 8.5 Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Summary

9. Glossary

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List of Tables
Table 1.1 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecasts Summary 2013, 2018, 2023 ($m), 2013-2023 CAGR (%) Table 1.2 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Submarket Forecasts Summary 2013, 2018, 2023 ($m), 2013-2023 CAGR (%) Table 3.1 Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($Bn, AGR %) Table 3.2 Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018 and 2018-2023 Table 3.3 Drivers in the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023 Table 3.4 Restraints in the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023 Table 4.1 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.2 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 20132018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.3 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Share Forecast 2013, 2018 and 2023 ($m, %) Table 4.4 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast Summary 2013, 2018 and 2023 ($m, Rank, % Share, CAGR %, Cumulative) Table 4.5 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.6 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.7 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Well P&A Submarket Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.8 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Well P&A Submarket Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.9 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Jacket and Topsides Removal Submarket Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.10 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Jacket and Topsides Removal Submarket Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.11 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Other Costs Submarket Forecast 20132023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.12 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Other Costs Submarket Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.13 Drivers and Restraints in the Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 20132023

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Table 4.14 Rest of North America Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast Summary 2013, 2018 and 2023 ($m, Rank, % Share, CAGR %, Cumulative) Table 4.15 Rest of North America Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.16 Rest of North America Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast CAGR (%) 20132023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.17 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast Summary 2013, 2018 and 2023 ($m, Rank, % Share, CAGR %, Cumulative) Table 4.18 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.19 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.20 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Well P&A Submarket Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.21 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Well P&A Submarket Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.22 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Jacket and Topsides Removal Submarket Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.23 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Jacket and Topsides Removal Submarket Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.24 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Other Costs Submarket Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.25 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Other Costs Submarket Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.26 The Main Drivers and Restraints in the UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 20132023 Table 4.27 Recently Completed Projects in the UK North Sea (Area, Operator, Cost, Period) Table 4.28 Current Contracts and Projects in the UK North Sea (Area, Operator, Estimated Costs, Estimated Period) Table 4.29 Structure Characteristics of the Brent Field Table 4.30 Major Projects Considered for Decommissioning (Location, Operator, Status) Table 4.31 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast Summary 2013, 2018 and 2023 ($m, Rank, % Share, CAGR %, Cumulative) Table 4.32 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.33 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 20132018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.34 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Well P&A Submarket Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %)

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Table 4.35 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Well P&A Submarket Forecast CAGR (%) 20132023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.36 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Jacket and Topsides Removal Submarket Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.37 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Jacket and Topsides Removal Submarket Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.38 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Other Costs Submarket Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.39 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Other Costs Submarket Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023 Table 4.40 The Main Drivers and Restraints in the Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023 Table 4.41 Rest of the North Sea Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast Summary 2013, 2018 and 2023 ($m, Rank, % Share, CAGR %, Cumulative) Table 4.42 Rest of North Sea Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR, %) Table 4.43 Rest of North Sea Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018 and 2018-2023 Table 4.44 Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast Summary 2013, 2018 and 2023 ($m, Rank, % Share, CAGR %, Cumulative) Table 4.45 Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.46 Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 20132018 and 2018-2023 Table 4.47 Drivers and Restraints in the Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 20132023 Table 4.48 Examples of Malaysian Decommissioning Projects Table 4.49 EOR Projects in Malaysia Table 4.50 Rest of the World Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast Summary 2013, 2018 and 2023 ($m, Rank, % Share, CAGR %, Cumulative) Table 4.51 Rest of the World Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m, AGR %) Table 4.52 Rest of the World Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018 and 2018-2023 Table 5.1 PEST Analysis of the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023 Table 8.1 Drivers and Restraints in the Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023 Table 8.2 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecasts 2013-2023

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Table 8.3 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Submarket Forecasts Summary 2013, 2018,2023 ($m), 2013-2023 CAGR (%)

List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Steps in the Offshore Decommissioning Process Figure 2.2 Global Legislation Regarding the Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Figure 3.1 Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($bn) Figure 3.2 Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Annual Growth Rate Forecast 2013-2023 (%) Figure 3.3 Global Distribution of Offshore Oil and Gas Installations (%) Figure 4.1 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Forecast 2013-2023 ($m) Figure 4.2 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets CAGR (%) Forecast 2013-2023 Figure 4.3 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets CAGR (%) Forecast 2013-2018 and 2018-2023 Figure 4.4 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Share Forecast 2013 (%) Figure 4.5 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Share Forecast 2018 (%) Figure 4.6 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Share Forecast 2023 (%) Figure 4.7 Regional Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Share Change 2013-2023 (%) Figure 4.8 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Share Forecast 2013, 2018 and 2023 (% Share) Figure 4.9 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Forecast 2013-2023 ($m) Figure 4.10 Gulf of Mexico Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Submarkets Forecast 2013-2023 ($m) Figure 4.11 Location of Active Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms in the Gulf of Mexico Figure 4.12 Crude Oil Production in the Gulf of Mexico, Offshore in PADD 5 and Onshore US 1981-2012 Figure 4.13 Rest of North America Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m) Figure 4.14 Proved Crude Oil Reserves in California 1986-2011 (Million Barrels) Figure 4.15 Installations Dates of Offshore Platforms in Alaska Figure 4.16 North Sea Offshore Installations, by Country Figure 4.17 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Share Forecast 2013, 2018 and 2023 (% Share) Figure 4.18 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Markets Forecast 2013-2023 ($m) Figure 4.19 UK Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Submarkets Forecast 2013-2023 ($m) Figure 4.20 UK Total Crude Oil Production (1980-2023) and Proved Reserves (1980-2013) Figure 4.21 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Share Forecast 2013, 2018 and 2023 (% Share)

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Figure 4.22 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m) Figure 4.23 Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Submarkets Forecast 2013-2023 ($m) Figure 4.24 Norwegian Total Oil Production (1980-2012), Proved Reserves (1980-2013) and Estimated Petroleum Net Exports (1980-2012) Figure 4.25 Rest of North Sea Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m) Figure 4.26 Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Share Forecast 2013, 2018 and 2023 (% Share) Figure 4.27 Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m) Figure 4.28 Members of ASCOPE Figure 4.29 Total Oil Production in Malaysia 1980-2012 (Thousand bpd) Figure 4.30 Total Gas Production in Malaysia 1980-2011 (Billion Cubic Feet) Figure 4.31 Total Oil Production and Estimated Net Exports in Indonesia 1980-2012 (Thousand bpd) Figure 4.32 Natural Gas and Oil Proved Reserves in Thailand 1980-2013 (Trillion Cubic Feet, Billion Barrels) Figure 4.33 Oil Production in Brunei 1980-2012 (Thousand bpd) Figure 4.34 Rest of the World Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Share Forecast 2013, 2018 and 2023 (% Share) Figure 4.35 Rest of the World Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($m) Figure 4.36 Nigerian Natural Gas Production 1980-2011 (bcf) and Proved Reserves 1989-2013 (tcf) Figure 4.37 Nigerian Total Oil Production 1980-2012 (Thousand bpd) and Proved Reserves 1989-2013 (Billion Barrels) Figure 8.1 Global Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 2013-2023 ($bn)

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Companies Mentioned in This Report
AF Decom Offshore AF Gruppen (The AF Group) Aibel Aker Solutions Allseas Group AMEC Apache Corporation Archer Baker Hughes BG Group BHP Billiton BMT Cordah BMT Group Ltd. BP BP Nederland Energie Bridge Energy UK Ltd Brunei National Petroleum Company Brunei Shell Petroleum Bureau Veritas Cal Dive Canadian Natural Resources (CNR) Canadian Natural Resources International (CNRI) Chevron Corporation China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Clough Helix Joint Venture ConocoPhillips Cutting Underwater Technologies (CUT) Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) DeepOcean Elf Norway EMAS Energy Encana Endevour Energy Resource Technology (ERT) Energy Services Group

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Eni Eni Hewett Eni UK Ltd EPIC Divers and Marine Eric Faulds Associates Ltd. Esso Euronav ExxonMobil Corporation Forbes FTSE Gassco Genesis Global Industries Halliburton HAPO International Heerema Marine Contractors (HMC) Hess Limited Hilcorp IEV Holdings Limited InterAct Jee JX Nippon Oil and Gas Exploration Corporation Keppel Corporation Kodeco Lao State Fuel Corporation Lutelandet Offshore Lyngdal Recycling Mactech Inc Maersk Group Mammoet Mammoet Salvage Marathon Oil Corporation Marathon Oil UK, Ltd. Maritech Resources Mitsui Mobil UK

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Montco Offshore Nippon Steel Engineering Co. Ltd. Norse Cutting and Abandonment (NCA) Oceaneering Offshore Iwaki Petroleum Co., Ltd. (OIP) Oil and Gas UK Optimus Overdick PB Consultants PDL Solutions Ltd. Perenco UK Pertamina Petoro Petrobras Petrofac Petronas PetroVietnam Philippine National Oil Company Pipeline Services International (PSI) Premier Oil Proserv Proserv Offshore PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) PTT Public Company Limited PTTEP Australasia Qedi Ramboll Repsol Reverse Engineering Services, Ltd. (REL) Royal Dutch Shell Saipem SapuraAcergy SapuraKencana SBM Scanmet Schlumberger

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SeaMetric Shell Global Solutions Shell Malaysia Shell UK Shetland Decommissioning Company Sinopec Statoil Stork Technical Services Subsea 7 Swire Blue Ocean Talisman Energy Technip TETRA Technologies, Inc Total Norway Total S.A. TS Tecnospamec TSB Offshore Venture North Sea Oil Ltd Versabar Weatherford International Wild Well Control Wood Group WorleyParsons YPF

Government Agencies and Other Organisations Mentioned in This Report

Alaskan Oil and Gas Conservation Committee (AOGCC) Asean Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) Cambodian National Petroleum Authority Decom North Sea Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) Energy Information Administration (EIA) European Union (EU)

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Greenpeace International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) Lerwick Port Authority National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Offshore Petroleum Safety Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy Norwegian Petroleum Directorate United Nations (UN) University of Aberdeen University of Stavanger US Department of Commerce US Department of Interior US State Department

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The Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023

Visiongain expects an increase in EOR activities over the next decade, with Statoil likely to set up pilot chemical EOR projects over the next few years. BP currently operates a miscible gas EOR project at the Ula field. CO2 EOR is unlikely to be economically viable over the next decade although small pilot projects may be set up. This may therefore impact growth in the offshore decommissioning market in Norway.

Figure 4.24 Norwegian Total Oil Production (1980-2012), Proved Reserves (19802013) and Estimated Petroleum Net Exports (1980-2012)
Oil and Petroleum production and net exports (thousand barrels/day) 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Proved Reserves Source: EIA, 2013 Total Oil Production 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Estimated Petroleum Net Exports Proved Reserves (billion barrels)

4.4.3.5 The Restrictions of Limited Experience

As is the case throughout the North Sea, the Norwegian sector has limited experience with decommissioning. Although consents for production are expiring, very few decommissioning projects have been undertaken. Experience can be shared from some large decommissioning projects, such as Frigg, Ekofisk, Odin, Froy and TOGI, but skills, supply chain and experience is still relatively immature, and as such will have a restraining impact over the Norwegian North Sea offshore decommissioning market in the coming years.

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The Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023

Table 4.45 Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 20132023 ($m, AGR %)
2012 $m AGR (%) 388 2013 404 4.0 2014 436 8.0 2015 479 10.0 2016 537 12.0 2017 617 15.0 2018 722 17.0 2019 867 20.0 2020 1,040 20.0 2021 1,238 19.0 2022 1,436 16.0 2023 1,651 15.0

Source: Visiongain 2013

Table 4.46 Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast CAGR (%) 2013-2023, 2013-2018, and 2018-2023
2013-2023 CAGR (%) Source: Visiongain 2013 15.1 2013-2018 12.4 2018-2023 18.0

Figure 4.27 Asia-Pacific Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market Forecast 20132023 ($m)
1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 $m 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Year Source: Visiongain 2013

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The Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023

6. Expert Opinion
6.1 Mactech Inc.
Mactech Inc. is a market leader in on-site machining services as well as being a specialist in offshore decommissioning and supplier of the machinery required for these tough environments. Visiongain spoke to Mr. Wittenbraker in October 2013 and thanks him for his contribution to the report.

6.1.1 Mactechs Role and Experience in the Offshore Decommissioning Industry

Visiongain: Can you tell me about Mactech, Inc. and your role in the offshore decommissioning industry?

Joel Wittenbraker: Mactech, Inc. dates back to the mid 1970s and since the 1980s we have been designing and building speciality in-situ machine tools and portable machine apparatus. Additionally we repair and dismantle the products, principally on land. Our role in the offshore decommissioning business is as tools specialists. Organisations that knew of our products for cutting pipe approached us post-Hurricane Katrina to see if we could help bring some tools to the market in order to complete some of the subsea decommissioning and abandonment work and if we could take an active view of improving some of the tools and methodologies that were being used. That was around six to nine months after Hurricane Katrina, as the hurricane recovery work was really starting to take hold.

Visiongain: Predominantly, where are your clients and projects based?

Joel Wittenbraker: Most of our work, historically, has been in the Gulf of Mexico and most of our customer base is there. They are either owners of the development land and production platforms or contractors - the service teams who have a contract to take out a structure. But that is not to say we have not worked in a lot more places. We have been invited to Norway, we have been to Nigeria and the Middle East a couple of times, and we have quite a bit of activity brewing in Australia and South East Asia. Most of our work in those regions has been obtained through our relationships with contractors or specialists in the Gulf of Mexico market. Together we are being called to deal with a situation somewhere else in the world.

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The Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market 2013-2023

7. Leading Companies in the Offshore Oil and Gas Decommissioning Market
There are hundreds of companies who either possess offshore oil and gas assets that will need to be decommissioned over the next decade, or who provide consultancy, engineering and other services to the decommissioning industry. Therefore, the following list of companies is by no means exhaustive. Companies have been broken down into three groups: oil and gas companies with offshore assets; decommissioning contractors; and decommissioning consultancies.

7.1 Oil and Gas Companies with Offshore Assets

The following is a list of major energy companies with oil and gas assets in the Gulf of Mexico, North Sea and Asia-Pacific regions who are likely to carry out decommissioning projects over the next ten years.

7.1.1 Apache Corporation

Headquarters: Houston, Texas, US Apache Corporation is an American independent oil and gas corporation with regional offices and operations in the United States, Argentina, Australia, Canada, Egypt and UK North Sea. The company has 57 years of experience in the oil and gas industry and today employs around 5,300 people.

The company owns a number of assets in the Gulf of Mexico that have been idle for five years or more and therefore has to decommission these assets in accordance with the Idle Iron NTL of 2010. They are thought to be one of the largest spenders on offshore decommissioning in the Gulf of Mexico. The company also has offshore assets in the North Sea and the Asia-Pacific region that will likely be decommissioned over the next ten years. In 2011 Apache carried out a decommissioning project at the Legendre field off the west coast of Australia.

7.1.2 BP
Headquarters: London, UK BP is a global oil and gas company headquartered in London, UK, and is one of the six energy supermajors. The company employs almost 86,000 people around the world.

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