OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES

OUMH2103
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES

NAMA; DIRIKU KOSONG

NO. KAD PENGENALAN;
NO. MATRIKS;
NO. TELEFON; 019 841 4444
E-MAIL; DIRIKUKOSONGyahoo.com
TUTOR; Mdm. Janet Missi
PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN; Sandakan
SEMESTER MEI/2013
OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES
CONTENT
Penen!"!n
PART A
PART A
INTRODUCTION
EFFECT OF JUNK FOOD ON HEALTH#
PS$CHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
CONCLUSION
PART B
INTRODUCTION
PROCESS OF GREENHOUSE
No.
Content
1.0
2.0
OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES
INTRODUCTION
Junk Iood is something that is easily available and most loved by not only children
but some adults also like to eat this snack. Snacks are like Iries, crackers and chocolate
coated biscuits, a Iavorite oI children. There are many disadvantages oI junk Iood to
children.
Despite the Iact that junk Iood is not good Ior health, but it still remains the preIerred
most people today. Such Ioods contain many preservatives, artiIicial coloring and
Ilavoring. These materials do not actually have substance to help the process oI bringing
up children. Children do not know that because not speciIied on the label oI the Iood
packaging.
Snacks can also damage children's teeth. The junk Iood coloring will stick on the
teeth and the tongue oI the child. Excess sugar in the diet is harmIul to the teeth. Oblivion
brushing exacerbate this situation to a child.
Today's children are more susceptible to various diseases Iaced by adults. Children
susceptible to high blood pressure and diabetes. Some also Iace the problem oI obesity or
obesity. This is because the excessive intake oI junk Iood regardless oI time and place.
Snacks successIully inIluence thriIty nature oI the child. They oIten spend pocket money
to buy snacks. This is because they are inIluenced by junk Iood advertising on television.
Balance school pocket money which should be kept used to buy snacks.
Indeed, many disadvantages snacks. Parents should monitor their child's eating habits so
that they are not addictive snacks.
EFFECT OF JUNK FOOD ON HEALTH#
OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES
PS$CHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
Snacks can be categorized as less nutritious Iood because it contains carbohydrates
harm ordinary types, saturated Iat and salt with a high rate, while low or no Iibers,
proteins, vitamins and nutrients oI metal in it.
Cake is a delicious snack but much harm and cakes contain high sugar and vitamin
and nutrient metals are very low. Cola type drinks also contain excess sugar, and
sometimes it is mixed with a drug that can lead to addiction, which is caIIeine. Ice cream
also contain lots oI sugar and Iat.
Fruit juice beverages sold in bottles also contains mostly natural Iruit juice, but contain a
lot oI sugar, water, dyes and artiIicial Ilavors. French Iries or potato chips consist in Iat
and high salt are harmIul.
Sn!%&' An( H)* B"++(
Snacks are very dangerous to health especially when it is taken regularly.
Researchers Irom PaciIic Health Education Center in BakersIield CaliIornia, and
Prevention Concepts, Inc.. in Los Angeles, have conducted a study involving 200
students and Iound that eight out oI ten students took the excess saturated Iat through
snacks. Laboratory tests have shown, a third oI those junk Ioods can cause
tinggimengandungi blood cholesterol levels in the blood are high and 10 oI those
suIIering Irom high blood pressure.
This study clearly shows that there is excess saturated Iat in junk Iood eventually
narrows blood vessels and the cause oI high blood pressure especially when a person's
age is increased.
OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES
J,n& F++( An( A'-*.!
In another study, scientists Irom Scotland and Saudi Arabia have junk Iood is the
main cause oI increased cases oI asthma due to junk Iood allergic disease and asthma
increasing among children. This study involving 100 children with symptoms oI asthma
and 200 other children who do not have diabetes Iound that those consuming less
vegetables, vitamin E, Trace oI metal and milk are more easily attacked by this disease.
Found cases oI asthma increased by 50 in 10 years
J,n& F++( An( He!/- D)'e!'e
Snacks are harmIul to the heart. CNN.com.health dated March 14, 2000 report,
snacks increase heart disease risk associated light denganmakanan also teenagers
suIIering a heart attack. It is caused by excess saturated Iat and cholesterol Iound in junk
Iood today. These Iindings are presented in the American College oI Cardiology meeting
in Anaheim, CaliIornia.
J,n& F++( An( E00e%- On B/!)n
Snacks can also damage brain Iunction. A study was done at Baycrest Centre Ior
Geriatric Care at the University oI Toronto, Canada, in relation to this matter. They snack
does contain excess Iat, concentration and memory damage the brain. This is due, Snacks
damage the brain, the brain needs glucose to Iunction properly while excess Iat interIeres
with the role oI glucose.
ProIessor Carol Greenwood, a scientist Irom the Kunin-LunenIeld Applied Research
Unit at university Toronto concluded, snacks that contain high levels oI Iat and high
protein and low carbohydrate diet is certainly not suitable Ior human brain
OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES
J,n& F++( An( B")n(
They take a lot oI junk Iood high in Iat, high risk oI becoming blind when between
the ages oI 55 years. The disease known as macular degeneration oIten aIIects smokers,
but now it also attack Ians snacks.
These Iindings are included in the Archives oI Ophthalmology, reported by scientists
Irom the Massachusetts Eye And Ear InIirmary in America, aIter a study oI 349 patients
with mild Ioods increase the risk to become blind on aged between 55 to 80 years. All
this conIirms the danger oI a popular snack in modern society today, so take it to be
controlled by a more severe harm to Iall upon us.
In addition to the study by scientists Irom the University oI OxIord, England, Iound
that junk Iood consumption also increase the percentage oI violence in society. The
increase is signiIicant in 50 years. This may be due to the lack oI certain nutrients,
especially omega-3, the percentage increased violence snacks eIIects iI a person took a lot
oI snacks. Omega-3 helps in the corner oI one's emotional control
CONCLUSION
Junk Iood is something that is not good Ior health. Health education about the evils
oI junk Iood among children is very important to give to them so that these children can
learn selI repercussions will happen to them when they take too much junk Iood.
EIIects on health and brain due to this lump oI junk Iood will be an impact on social
activities oI these children. When disease and damage to the brain attack them, these
children will not be able to do activities like other healthy children.
PART B
OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES
INTRODUCTION
The greenhouse eIIect is the warming that happens when the concentration oI
greenhouse gases in a conIined space to rise and block heat Irom escaping easily. This
eIIect is not subject to global warming, but also in any space.
T*e 1/+%e'' +0 -*e /een*+,'e e00e%-
The greenhouse eIIect occurs when the composition oI greenhouse gases such as,
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide rises above normal levels. When the
composition increases, the gas molecules oI a heat storage, will trap heat and slows down
the process oI heat release.
G"+2!" /een*+,'e e00e%-
Global greenhouse eIIect occurs when, solar inIrared radiation that enters the Earth's
atmosphere normally not reIlected adequately due to the greenhouse eIIect. This will
cause global warming gradually, and the badly polluted areas would be aIIected by any
Iurther. Implications oI global warming will cause the ice sheets at both poles oI the earth
will experience dilution and sea level rise.
T*e %!,'e +0 -*e /een*+,'e e00e%-
Greenhouse eIIect due to either natural or man-made. Naturally, the greenhouse
eIIect caused by volcanic eruptions that release gaseous sulIur, and carbon. Besides Iorest
Iires due to lightning also impact too. In man-made greenhouse eIIect caused by the
release oI most air pollutants, such as smoke Irom vehicles and Iactories. The use oI
aerosol sprays, some reIrigerators, and air conditioners that release CFCs also contribute
to the eIIects oI global warming.
Me-*+(' -+ /e(,%e -*e ).1!%-
Among the methods Ior reducing the greenhouse eIIect is through energy savings. II
humans can reduce the use oI vehicles with extensive use oI public transport, greenhouse
gas emissions can be reduced.
OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES
Energy and environmental issues began to be interested in the early 1980's when
energy consumption was signiIicantly correlated with the increase in global temperature.
The average temperature oI the Earth rises 0.6oc Irom 1960 to 1990 compared 0.2oc Irom
0.1oc hundred years Irom 1860 to 1960 and previous years. Scientists prove that most oI
the gas produced Irom burning Iossil Iuels such as carbon dioxide is the main cause oI
rising temperatures that cause warming.
C+.1+nen- +0 /een *+,'e !'e'
Carbon dioxide (CO2): atmospheric CO2 enters through Iossilized Ilame
combustion (HC such as petroleum, original gas, and coal), solids waste, the Iorest, the
remnants oI the active chemical (ie making Simen). CO2 in the atmospheric recycled as
one component in Biological Carbon orbit.
Methane (CH4): Methane is released during generation, production, and coal
production, the original gas, and oil HC, also than agriculture activities with gas
emissions oI livestock such as goats, sheep and so on.
Nitric oxide (N2O): Nitric oxide released to the atmospheric through activities gas
emissions Irom agriculture, animal husbandry, industry and decay oI solid waste.
Fluorinated gases: hydroIluorocarbons, perIluorocarbons, and sulIur hexaIluorida is
synthetic, and is the green house gases emitted than various industrial processes.
Fluorinated gases being released into the atmospheric and stem the depletion oI the ozone
layer (ie CFC, HCFC, and halon). These gases are typically emitted in smaller quantities,
but these gases harm are sometimes classiIied as High Global Warming Potential gases
("High GWP gases").
OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES
I.1!%- +0 G/een H+,'e
An increase in temperature oI the earth
Changes beyond weather (hurricanes, Iloods, soil collapse, etc..)
The increase in sea level due to melting glaciers, global warming
Drought
high content oI CO2 in the atmospheric
Increased emissions oI green house gases in the countries that are building
Depletion oI the ozone layer.
F!%-+/' !n( )-' e00e%-'
1. Earth's average temperature oI 15 degrees Celsius even when the sun 6000 degrees
Celsius average temperature. Balance between the radiation received and reIlected by the
earth depends on the atmosphere. Clouds and the Earth's surIace will reIlect solar
radiation back into space to make the earth a little cold.
2. The presence oI "greenhouse gases" (CO2, water vapor, methane, nitrate, etc.) causes a
high light absorption in the atmosphere making the earth hotter. Component oI
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is the most CO2. Alleged presence oI greenhouse
gases are the result oI human action and activity own Ior global development.
PROCESS OF GREENHOUSE
OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES
The greenhouse eIIect is a phenomenon oI global warming. Ultraviolet rays emitted
by the sun to the earth, some will be reIlected back into space by the atmosphere, the
other part will come to earth to warm the earth. Reaching the earth's heat is reIlected back
by the earth's surIace into space as inIrared rays. Not all thermal energy will penetrate the
atmosphere. Most oI this heat energy is absorbed by atmospheric gases such as carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon and methane chloroIluorocarbon. This trapped heat
will raise the temperature oI the earth and to make sure that the earth is always hot.
Increase oI polluting gases such as nitrogen oxide and sulIur dioxide also trap heat and
raise the temperature. Increase in carbon dioxide caused by the burning oI Iossil Iuels
such as coal, petroleum and natural gas.

This continuous increase, iI not controlled is expected to rise 15 parts per million every
10 years. Graph greenhouse eIIect will cause many problems to humans. Lauran and river
water will be heated and evaporates more easily. Lands, particularly in the northern
hemisphere and middle latitudes will become drier. Atmosphere would be warmer. Wind
direction will change and cause Irequent storm events. Non-uniIorm distribution oI
rainIall will occur, resulting in drought, due to the uneven heating oI the earth. Sea level
rises and global Ilooding will occur as block-block ice in the North Pole and South Pole
will melt. Events that will occur threaten human liIe and other living things. The events
that would interIere with activities such as agriculture, Iisheries and water supply. World
population growth will also increase energy consumption. Demand Ior Iossil Iuels and
electricity will increase, more will be cleared and opened and the more industrial areas.
All this will result in the addition or her quantity oI greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
and increase the temperature oI the earth.
Atmospheric ozone depletion can be divided into several parts. Ozone is a gas
composed oI three oxygen atoms located in the stratosphere layers oI the earth. The
ozone layer is a natural shield the earth by absorbing harmIul ultraviolet rays. The ozone
layer is very important Ior the world's climate balance. Ozone is Iormed when oxygen
molecules decomposed to oxygen atoms in the presence oI ultraviolet light, Iree oxygen
atoms will react with molecular oxygen to Iorm ozone molecules in the presence oI
nitrogen gas.
OUMH2103 ENGLISH FOR SCIENCES AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES
Even so, the ozone can be decomposed to molecular oxygen by nitrogen oxides
released by supersonic airplanes or chlorine atoms Irom CFC compounds
(chloroIluorocarbon). chloroIluorocarbon or also known as Ireon is a compound used by
the air conditioning and reIrigerators. The reaction between chlorine atoms with ozone
and nitrogen oxides will return to the atmosphere aIter chlorine atoms destroy ozone
molecules. So, the ozone layer is getting thinner.
Leaks in the ozone layer has been detected in the Antarctic in 1985, in the Arctic in
1987 and now in Australia anyway. CFC not only destroy the ozone layer, CFC molecule
absorbs heat 20,000 times better than a carbon dioxide molecule. Urbanization
Urbanization is the process oI urbanization oI an area to make the area municipalities.
Urbanization will lead to the increase in population due to immigration Irom rural to
urban population. When there is a lot oI population, economic activities grow, many new
land will be opened to accommodate houses, buildings and Iactories. Widespread
constructions will cause pollution oI water, air and bunyo. Growing surplus population
will create congestion and squatter areas. Natural ecological balance will be disturbed
when roads and buildings built in the open Iorest.