WDW 2009

Charities Disad

CHARITIES DISAD
Brought to you by: Sam, Max, Kevin, Kelley, Ho ar!, A"hley an! Caitlin

A #ou$le o% note": mo"t o% the !ome"ti# #harity mo!ule" #an be $lugge! in & 'u"t (ee$ the %ir"t t o #ar!" in the )n# "hell an! then rea! the mo!ule* I% you run the international mo!ule you "houl! not rea! the Su!an Tribune #ar! +an!+ the gen!er ine,uality #ar!" & the Su!an Tribune #ar! i" ea"ily #riti,ue!* **********************************************************************)n#*********************************************************************************. Demo#ra#y/Eliti"m Internal"**************************************0 1ni,uene"" *******************************************************************2 1ni,uene""********************************************************************3 Cro !out 4in("***********************************************************5 4in( & Create" A$athy**********************************************)6 4in( & 7overnment %un!" %or 8on$ro%it"****************). 4in( & Taxe"***************************************************************)9 Tax lin( exten"ion"*****************************************************)0 Health#are 4in(*********************************************************)3 Hunger Mo!ule**********************************************************)5 Exten"ion & Charitie" Key to Hunger :rogram"*****6; Exten"ion & Hunger in Ameri#a*******************************6) Dehumani<ation Mo!ule*******************************************66 Dehumani<ation Internal"*****************************************61/67

WDW 2009

Charities Disad

International Charity )n#*****************************************6. International Charity u$ no ***********************************60 International Charity High 8o ******************************62 Exten"ion & 8on$ro%it" "olve AIDS**************************63 Exten"ion & AIDS Im$a#t"****************************************65 AT: 7overnment Solve" AIDS**********************************-; International Charity & Di"ea"e Mo!ule******************-) International Charity & 7en!er Ine,uality Mo!ule *************************************************************************************-6 Charitie" Key to =ver"ea" Ai!**********************************-++6n# Mu"t Rea! & =bligation to 7ive to Charity++ *************************************************************************************-. AT De!u#tion" Change**********************************************-9 AT: Re#e""ion Kill" 8on$ro%it"********************************-0 AT: :lan boo"t" Civil So#iety************************************-2 AT: >e! 7ov goo! & uni%ormity ******************************-3 AT: =ur :lan hel$ non$ro%it"***********************************-5 >e! A#tion Ba!***********************************************************.) Charitie" Better than >e! & 7eneri#************************.6 Charitie" Solve & 4egal Servi#e"*******************************.0 Charitie" Solve & ?eteran" Ai!*********************************.2 Charitie" Solve & 7ang"*********************************************.5 Charitie" Solve & Drug $rogram"*****************************96 Charitie" Solve & 8ative"*******************************************9Charitie" Solve & Di"a"ter"****************************************9.
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Charitie" Solve & Crime*********************************************99 Charitie" Solve & Homele""ne""********************************90 87=S Key To Civil So#iety**************************************92 Charitie" 7oo! %or the E#onomy******************************93 ++A>> A8S@ERS++*************************************************95 6a# >/4************************************************************************0; Exten"ion A) & 8onuni,ue*****************************************06 Exten"ion & 7ov hel$" #haritie"********************************0A>>: AT Hunger Im$a#t"*****************************************0. A>> AT: ?olunteeri"m Im$a#t"*******************************09 A>> AT: International Charity********************************00 Exten"ion & Remittan#e"*******************************************02
A couple of notes: most of the domestic charity modules can be plu ed in ! "ust #eep the first t$o cards in the 1nc shell and then read the module% &f you run the international module you should not read the 'udan (ribune card )and) the ender ine*uality cards ! the 'udan (ribune card is easily criti*ued%

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)n#
AB Current :hilanthro$i# Contribution" Remain High in "$ite o% the re#e""ion
,effrey Thoma" -'taff Writer for America% o./0 12i.in to Charity 3emains at 4i h 5e.el in 6nited 'tates70 17 ,une 6;;50 'ource: http://$$$%america% o./st/educ8en lish/2009/,une/200906171016191C,samoh(0%60+1%html :ach year0 the 2i.in 6'A ;oundation publishes a report on charitable i.in researched and $ritten by the Center on <hilanthropy at &ndiana 6ni.ersity% 'ome e=perts e=pected a critical decline in i.in in 20090 notin the stru lin economy% 4o$e.er0 $hile charitable i.in declined >%7 percent in 2009 after ad"ustment for inflation0 it remained almost as hi h as a percenta e of ross domestic product -2D</ as the pre.ious year -2%2 percent in 2009 .ersus 2%+ percent in 2007/0 accordin to the report% 1With the 6nited 'tates mired in a recession throu hout 20090 there $as no doubt in anyone?s mind that charitable i.in $ould be do$n07 said Del @artin0 chair of 2i.in 6'A ;oundation% 14o$e.er0 $hat $e find remar#able is that indi.iduals0 corporations and foundations still pro.ided more than A+07 billion to causes they support0 despite the economic conditions%7

B/ >e!eral "$en!ing on "o#ial "ervi#e" !i"$la#e" $rivate %un!ing o% #haritie" an! leave" "ervi#e" in the han!" o% government
Da.id >orte0 ,%D%0 <h%D%0 is a professor of la$ at Cle.eland 'tate 6ni.ersity0 1(he 110 <ercent 'olution: Buildin <ri.ate Alternati.es to Welfare07 (he Buc#eye &nstitute0 ;ebruary 10 )5590 http://$$$%buc#eyeinstitute%or /article/C+20 -Accessed ,uly 120 2009/ '%D% (he dan er is real% :rivate $hilanthro$y ha" been #ro !e! out o% the "o#ial "ervi#e" arena "in#e the %e!eral government laun#he! the 7reat So#iety $rogram" in the )50;"* >e!eral "$en!ing on "o#ial el%are $rogram" 0 e=cludin 'ocial 'ecurity0 ha" "oare!0 increasin from less than A+0 billion in 1960 to more than A110 billion in 1990 after ad"ustin for inflation% By 19920 federal spendin on $elfare pro rams e=cludin 'ocial 'ecurity doubled to A221%+ billion $hile total o.ernment spendin on $elfare pro rams reached A+0C%6 billion% 'imilar trends occurred in Ehio% Welfare e=penditures from the states 2eneral 3e.enue ;und more than doubled to AC%+ billion bet$een 1996 and 1992% :=penditures on @edicaid alone increased 2>C percent bet$een 1992 and 1992% Accordin to the Ehio Department of 4uman 'er.ices0 more than A6%9 billion $ere spent on $elfare8related pro rams in 199+% The "igni%i#ant in#rea"e in $ubli# "$en!ing on el%are effecti.ely !i"$la#e! $rivate %un!ing %or "o#ial "ervi#e"* 8ationally, $rivate giving !ro$$e! )- $er#ent bet een )50; an! )520, the $erio! o% the mo"t ra$i! gro th in %e!eral %un!ing % 'ocial $elfare i.in as a proportion of total declined from 1> percent to 6 percent durin the same period% (hus0 by the mi!C)52;", government" "$ent ten time" more on "o#ial "ervi#e" than non$ro%it agen#ie" such as churches0 community $elfare lea ues0 etc% Thi" i" un%ortunate0 especially %or the $oor* :rivate #haritie" ty$i#ally $rovi!e more meaning%ul a""i"tan#e to $oor %amilie" an! hou"ehol!" be#au"e they #ater their "ervi#e" to $eo$le" "$e#i%i# nee!" an! $roblem"* Many $oor %amilie" turn %ir"t to $rivate "e#tor agen#ie" rather than $ubli# agen#ie" hen they nee! emergen#y "ervi#e" "u#h a" "helter an! #oun"eling % &f current $elfare reforms are to be successful0 "tate an! %e!eral o%%i#ial" mu"t be able to reinvigorate "u$$ort %or alternative, $rivateC "e#tor "u$$ort grou$", "u#h a" the Salvation Army, #ity mi""ion", Catholi# #haritie", an! thou"an! o% other "maller grou$"*

CB 4eaving the management o% "o#ial "ervi#e" in the han!" o% elite" #on#entrate" $o er in the han!" o% a %e an! #au"e" $eo$le to !i"engage ith "o#iety & "mall !e#entrali<e! organi<ation" en"ure !emo#ra#y an! avoi!" eliti"m
S#hambra0 William% 6;;3% -director of the 4udson &nstituteFs Bradley Center for <hilanthropy and Ci.ic 3ene$al/ 1(he 6n odly Bri ht: 'hould they 5ead <hilanthropy into the ;utureG7 http://$$$%hudson%or /inde=%cfmG fuseactionHpublicationIdetailsJidH>+72Jpub(ypeH4&IArticles Accessed ,uly 120 2009 What mi ht a ne$ approach to philanthropy loo# li#eG &t $ould start by challen in the central premise of 20th century philanthropy that the un odly bri ht are someho$ better e*uipped to sol.e society?s problems than are e.eryday citiKens% (he notion that citiKens themsel.es could and should play a central role in sol.in their o$n problems is0 of course0 reflected in Ale=is de (oc*ue.ille?s understandin of American democracy% (he reat dan er of the ne$ a e of democracy0 in his .ie$0 $as that citiKens $ould become too absorbed $ith narro$0 materialistic pursuits to pay attention to public affairs0 and $ould be $illin to turn o.er their affairs to mana ement by bri ht0 bene.olent elites% (hat mi ht result in a smoothly operatin and efficient social ser.ice deli.ery system% But it $ould also mean an ominous concentration of po$er in a fe$ hands0 as $ell as a radual impo.erishment of the spirit or soul of the democratic citiKen0 as he lost the capacity or the desire to en a e $ithLand to be enlar ed byL.i orous encounters $ith other C/67

WDW 2009 Charities Disad citiKens of differin bac# rounds and opinions% Curiously0 American foundations today fre*uently fund studies and conferences an=iously ponderin precisely this problem of citiKen disen a ement and the decline of the democratic spirit in America% But they seldom loo# critically at their o$n practices0 to consider $hether their clear preference for public mana ement by the un odly bri ht mi ht not in itself con.ey a dispiritin messa e to democratic citiKens0 and feed the cycle of disen a ement% 4o$ mi ht it be other$iseG (oc*ue.ille su ested that Americans had a.oided the central problem of democracy by lea.in considerable authority to sol.e problems in the hands of small0 local0 decentraliKed institutions and .oluntary associations of all sorts0 $ithin $hich citiKens $ould be e=pected to thrash out their differences and come up $ith their o$n0 albeit often rou h8and8ready0 solutions to their problems% (his is more than see#in 1feedbac#7 from citiKens about pro rams desi ned for them by others% &t is0 rather0 enuine self8 o.ernment0 $ith final decisions left to citiKens themsel.es%

DB an!, !emo#ra#y $revent" extin#tion* Carnegie Commi""ion on :reventing Dea!ly Con%li#t, Ectober )559, 1<romotin Democracy in the 1990?s07
http://$$$%carne ie%or //sub/pubs/deadly/dia9>I01%html0 accessed on 12/11/99 E(4:3 (43:A(' (his hardly e=hausts the lists of threats to our security and $ell8bein in the comin years and decades% &n the former Mu osla.ia nationalist a ression tears at the stability of :urope and could easily spread% (he flo$ of ille al dru s intensifies throu h increasin ly po$erful international crime syndicates that ha.e made common cause $ith authoritarian re imes and ha.e utterly corrupted the institutions of tenuous0 democratic ones% Duclear, #hemi#al, an! biologi#al ea$on" #ontinue to $roli%erate* The very "our#e o% li%e on Earth, the global e#o"y"tem, a$$ear" in#rea"ingly en!angere!* Mo"t o% the"e ne$ and uncon.entional threat" to "e#urity are a""o#iate! ith or aggravate! by the $ea#ness or ab"en#e o% !emo#ra#y, ith it" $rovi"ion" %or le ality0 a##ountability0 popular so.erei nty0 an! o$enne""* 5:''ED' E; (4: (W:D(&:(4 C:D(63M (he e=perience of this century offers important lessons% Countrie" that govern themsel.es in a truly !emo#rati# %a"hion !o not go to ar ith one another% (hey do not a ress a ainst their nei hbors to a randiKe themsel.es or lorify their leaders% Democratic o.ernments do not ethnically NcleanseN their o$n populations0 and they are much less li#ely to face ethnic insur ency% Democracies do not sponsor terrorism a ainst one another% (hey do not build $eapons of mass destruction to use on or to threaten one another% Democratic countries form more reliable0 open0 and endurin tradin partnerships% &n the lon run they offer better and more stable climates for in.estment% (hey are more en.ironmentally responsible because they mu"t an" er to their o n #iti<en"0 $ho or aniKe to protest the destruction of their en.ironments% (hey are better bets to honor international treaties since they .alue le al obli ations and because their openness ma#es it much more difficult to breach a reements in secret% <recisely because0 $ithin their o$n borders0 they respect competition0 ci.il liberties0 property ri hts0 and the rule of la$0 democracies are the only reliable foundation on $hich a ne$ $orld order of international security and prosperity can be built%

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Demo#ra#y/Eliti"m Internal"
4eaving the management o% "o#ial "ervi#e" in the han!" o% elite" #on#entrate" $o er in the han!" o% a %e an! #au"e" $eo$le to !i"engage ith "o#iety & "mall !e#entrali<e! organi<ation" en"ure !emo#ra#y an! avoi!" eliti"m
S#hambra0 William% 6;;3% -director of the 4udson &nstituteFs Bradley Center for <hilanthropy and Ci.ic 3ene$al/ 1(he 6n odly Bri ht: 'hould they 5ead <hilanthropy into the ;utureG7 http://$$$%hudson%or /inde=%cfmG fuseactionHpublicationIdetailsJidH>+72Jpub(ypeH4&IArticles Accessed ,uly 120 2009 What mi ht a ne$ approach to philanthropy loo# li#eG &t $ould start by challen in the central premise of 20th century philanthropy that the un odly bri ht are someho$ better e*uipped to sol.e society?s problems than are e.eryday citiKens% (he notion that citiKens themsel.es could and should play a central role in sol.in their o$n problems is0 of course0 reflected in Ale=is de (oc*ue.ille?s understandin of American democracy% (he reat dan er of the ne$ a e of democracy0 in his .ie$0 $as that citiKens $ould become too absorbed $ith narro$0 materialistic pursuits to pay attention to public affairs0 and $ould be $illin to turn o.er their affairs to mana ement by bri ht0 bene.olent elites% (hat mi ht result in a smoothly operatin and efficient social ser.ice deli.ery system% But it $ould also mean an ominous concentration of po$er in a fe$ hands0 as $ell as a radual impo.erishment of the spirit or soul of the democratic citiKen0 as he lost the capacity or the desire to en a e $ithLand to be enlar ed byL.i orous encounters $ith other citiKens of differin bac# rounds and opinions% Curiously0 American foundations today fre*uently fund studies and conferences an=iously ponderin precisely this problem of citiKen disen a ement and the decline of the democratic spirit in America% But they seldom loo# critically at their o$n practices0 to consider $hether their clear preference for public mana ement by the un odly bri ht mi ht not in itself con.ey a dispiritin messa e to democratic citiKens0 and feed the cycle of disen a ement% 4o$ mi ht it be other$iseG (oc*ue.ille su ested that Americans had a.oided the central problem of democracy by lea.in considerable authority to sol.e problems in the hands of small0 local0 decentraliKed institutions and .oluntary associations of all sorts0 $ithin $hich citiKens $ould be e=pected to thrash out their differences and come up $ith their o$n0 albeit often rou h8and8ready0 solutions to their problems% (his is more than see#in 1feedbac#7 from citiKens about pro rams desi ned for them by others% &t is0 rather0 enuine self8 o.ernment0 $ith final decisions left to citiKens themsel.es%

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1ni,uene""
Current :hilanthro$i# Contribution" Remain High in "$ite o% the re#e""ion
,effrey Thoma" -'taff Writer for America% o./0 12i.in to Charity 3emains at 4i h 5e.el in 6nited 'tates70 17 ,une 6;;50 'ource: http://$$$%america% o./st/educ8en lish/2009/,une/200906171016191C,samoh(0%60+1%html :ach year0 the 2i.in 6'A ;oundation publishes a report on charitable i.in researched and $ritten by the Center on <hilanthropy at &ndiana 6ni.ersity% 'ome e=perts e=pected a critical decline in i.in in 20090 notin the stru lin economy% 4o$e.er0 $hile charitable i.in declined >%7 percent in 2009 after ad"ustment for inflation0 it remained almost as hi h as a percenta e of ross domestic product -2D</ as the pre.ious year -2%2 percent in 2009 .ersus 2%+ percent in 2007/0 accordin to the report% 1With the 6nited 'tates mired in a recession throu hout 20090 there $as no doubt in anyone?s mind that charitable i.in $ould be do$n07 said Del @artin0 chair of 2i.in 6'A ;oundation% 14o$e.er0 $hat $e find remar#able is that indi.iduals0 corporations and foundations still pro.ided more than A+07 billion to causes they support0 despite the economic conditions%7

Even a%ter re#e""ion, #ontribution" are "till high*

Charity8avigator*org based on data from 2i.in 6'A 20090 the Annual 3eport on <hilanthropy0 published by the AA;3C (rust for <hilanthropy% http://$$$%charityna.i ator%or /inde=%cfmGbayHcontent%.ie$JcpidHC2 ,6;;5 ;e$ people realiKe ho$ lar e charities ha.e become0 ho$ many .ital ser.ices they pro.ide0 and ho$ much fundin flo$s throu h them each year% Without charities and non8profits0 America $ould simply not be able to operate% (heir operations are so bi that durin 20090 in the midst of a recession0 total i.in $as still more than A+00 billion% (otal i.in to charitable or aniKations $as A+07%6> billion in 2009 -about 2O of 2D</% (his is a decrease of 2O from 2007%As in pre.ious years0 the ma"ority of that i.in came from indi.iduals88A229%+ billion -7>O/% 2i.in by indi.iduals dropped by 2%7O%

The e%%e#t o% the re#e""ion on #haritable or( onDt be that !ra"ti# & %oun!ation" have in built "a%eguar!" an! vie their or( a" being e""ential to #lo"e the ealth ga$ Hu!"on In"titute C e n t e r % o r 7 l o b a l : r o " $ e r i t y, 6;;5* -(he Center for 2lobal <rosperity -c p/ pro.ides a
platformLthrou h conferences0 discussions0 publications0 and media appearancesLto create a$areness amon 6%'% and international opinion leaders0 as $ell as the eneral public0 about the central role of the pri.ate sector0 both for8profi t and not8for8profi t0 in the creation of economic ro$th and prosperity in the de.elopin $orld%/ 1(he &nde= of 2lobal <hilanthropy and 3emittances 20097 http://$$$%hudson%or /files/documents/&nde=O20ofO202lobalO20<hilanthropyO20andO203emittancesO202009%pdf Accessed ,uly 120 2009 (he lobal recession undoubtedly $ill ha.e an effect on international i.in L"ust as it is ha.in an effect on economies lar e and small around the $orldLbut there isn?t a consensus on $hat that $ill be and the effects may .ary by different types of donors% ;oundation i.in is not e=pected to e=perience an immediate sharp do$nturn despite an a.era e +0 percent loss of assets because foundations are re*uired to i.e a$ay annually about fi.e percent of their assets a.era ed o.er the precedin three years to fi .e years%1 (his stabiliKes i.in durin stoc# mar#et do$nturns that impact endo$ments% &n addition0 most foundations ha.e already made commitments for 2009P many of the nation?s lar est foundations ha.e indicated that they plan to honor these commitments% A sur.ey by the Chronicle of Philanthropy of 72 foundations0 includin the nation?s lar est0 found that +C e=pect their i.in to stay the same or increase in 20090 $hile +9 predict a decrease in rant ma#in % ;oundations that are ma"or players in international philanthropy0 such as the Bill and @elinda 2ates ;oundation and the ;ord ;oundation0 ha.e lar e endo$ments that help them $eather tou h financial times% Both 2ates and ;ord ha.e announced plans to increase their payout rate abo.e the re*uired fi .e percent% 5i#e$ise0 the William and ;lora 4e$lett ;oundation e=pects to honor its rant commitments for 2009 and increase the percenta e of its endo$ment it pays out%2 &n fact0 Bill 2ates has ur ed $orld leaders0 corporations0 pvos and indi.iduals to maintain a stron commitment to forei n aid and in.estment durin the recession% 1Eur $or# to ether to help the $orld?s poor is more important in the face of this lobal financial crisis07 2ates said at the World :conomic ;orum in Da.os0 '$itKerland% 1&f $e lose si ht of our lon 8term priority to e=pand opportunity for the $orld?s poor and abandon our commitments and partnerships to reduce ine*uity0 $e run the ris# of emer in from the current economic do$nturn in a $orld $ith e.en reater disparities in health and education and fe$er opportunities for people to impro.e their li.es%73

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1ni,uene""
>oun!ation giving ha" in#rea"e! !e"$ite e#onomi# oe"
>oun!ation Center E;5 1Community ;oundation 2i.in &ncreased 6%7 <ercent in 2009 Despite :conomy0 De$ ;oundation Center 3eport ;inds7 ;oundation Center0 @ay 290 2009 http://$$$%charityna.i ator%or /inde=%cfmGbayHcontent%.ie$JcpidH912 :.en in the face of a $orsenin economy0 the nationFs 717 community foundations raised their i.in by an estimated 6%7 percent in 2009 to a record AC%6 billion0 accordin to Key Facts on Community Foundations0 a ne$ report from the ;oundation Center% (he amount i.en by community foundations also surpassed corporate foundation fundin for the first time on record%

E#onomi# oe" onDt a%%e#t !onation" CC !onor" ill !ig !ee$

M#Coy an! Dorell E;3 Qe.in @cCoy and Eren Dorell0 6'A (oday0 1&t?s a hard time to be a charity07 Ectober 270 2009% http://$$$%usatoday%com/money/economy/ser.ices/20098108268fundraisin 8crisis8donations8charitiesID%htm R,uly 120 2009S 4o$e.er0 the o.erall outloo# for charitable i.in isnFt necessarily as loomy as recent economic yrations mi ht su est0 says 'te.en 5a$rence0 senior research director for the ;oundation Center0 a #ey information source about 6%'% philanthropy% (otal i.in by foundations declined from A+0%> billion in 2001 to A+0%+ billion in 200+0 durin the last national economic slump0 5a$rence $rote in an analysis this month% :.en so0 he $rote0 many foundations du deeper to co.er pre.iously appro.ed fundin commitments0 and some Ne.en increased their payout rate T to the communities and or aniKations they had lon supported%N ;oundation i.in to non8profits actually increased sli htly durin four of fi.e 6%'% recessionary periods datin to 19900 5a$rence says% E.erall charitable i.in dipped little more than an inflation8ad"usted 1O in most of the ei ht recessionary years since 19710 accordin to research conducted by the Center on <hilanthropy at &ndiana 6ni.ersity for the 2i.in 6'A ;oundation% N&f there is a .ery substantial erosion in i.in 0 it $ould be the first time in our post8World War && history0N says 3eynold 5e.y0 president of 5incoln Center for the <erformin Arts in De$ Mor#%

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Cro !out 4in("

>e!eral "$en!ing on "o#ial "ervi#e" !i"$la#e" $rivate %un!ing o% #haritie" hi#h are $re%erre! by tho"e in $overty
Da.id >orte0 ,%D%0 <h%D%0 is a professor of la$ at Cle.eland 'tate 6ni.ersity0 1(he 110 <ercent 'olution: Buildin <ri.ate Alternati.es to Welfare07 (he Buc#eye &nstitute0 ;ebruary 10 )5590 http://$$$%buc#eyeinstitute%or /article/C+20 -Accessed ,uly 120 2009/ '%D% (he dan er is real% <ri.ate philanthropy has been cro$ded out of the social ser.ices arena since the federal o.ernment launched the 2reat 'ociety pro rams in the 1960s% ;ederal spendin on social $elfare pro rams0 e=cludin 'ocial 'ecurity0 has soared0 increasin from less than A+0 billion in 1960 to more than A110 billion in 1990 after ad"ustin for inflation% By 19920 federal spendin on $elfare pro rams e=cludin 'ocial 'ecurity doubled to A221%+ billion $hile total o.ernment spendin on $elfare pro rams reached A+0C%6 billion% 'imilar trends occurred in Ehio% Welfare e=penditures from the states 2eneral 3e.enue ;und more than doubled to AC%+ billion bet$een 1996 and 1992% :=penditures on @edicaid alone increased 2>C percent bet$een 1992 and 1992% Accordin to the Ehio Department of 4uman 'er.ices0 more than A6%9 billion $ere spent on $elfare8related pro rams in 199+% (he si nificant increase in public spendin on $elfare effecti.ely displaced pri.ate fundin for social ser.ices% Dationally0 pri.ate i.in dropped 1+ percent bet$een 1960 and 19760 the period of the most rapid ro$th in federal fundin % 'ocial $elfare i.in as a proportion of total declined from 1> percent to 6 percent durin the same period% (hus0 by the mid81970s0 o.ernments spent ten times more on social ser.ices than nonprofit a encies such as churches0 community $elfare lea ues0 etc% (his is unfortunate0 especially for the poor% <ri.ate charities typically pro.ide more meanin ful assistance to poor families and households because they cater their ser.ices to people s specific needs and problems% @any poor families turn first to pri.ate sector a encies rather than public a encies $hen they need emer ency ser.ices such as shelter and counselin % &f current $elfare reforms are to be successful0 state and federal officials must be able to rein.i orate support for alternati.e0 pri.ate8sector support roups0 such as the 'al.ation Army0 city missions0 Catholic charities0 and thousand of other smaller roups%

7overnment %un!ing an! "ervi#e" #ro !" out $rivate !onation" to #harity
(homas A% 7arrett and 3ussell @% Rhine, 6;;5 -3esearch Di.ision ;ederal 3eser.e Ban# of 't% 5ouis Department of :conomics 't% @ary?s Colle e of @aryland/http://research%stlouisfed%or /$p/2007/20078012%pdf Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009 :conomists ha.e de.eloped se.eral theories as to $hy indi.iduals i.e to charity -see :c#el et al% 200> and Andreoni 19990 19900 2006/% (he theory of perfect altruism assumes that donors are concerned $ith the total amount of funds that a charity recei.es% &f the charity recei.es fundin from other sources0 includin o.ernments0 the donor $ill reduce his contribution by that amount% (he implication is that o.ernment spendin completely cro$ds out charitable i.in if the appropriate fundin le.el in the eyes of the donor is met% <erfect altruism is hypothesiKed to result in full cro$din out re ardless of $hether or not fiscal illusion is present -:c#el et al% 200>/%C

7overnment "i$hon" a ay money that oul! go to #harity

Blan#hette E;2 1(he 'hortcomin s of 2o.ernment Charity7 ,ude Blanchette U @ay 2007 U Volume: >7 U &ssue: C http://$$$%thefreemanonline%or /featured/the8shortcomin s8of8 o.ernment8charity/ ;or lar e charities such as the 'al.ation Army and smaller local charities run by churches and other pri.ate or aniKations0 the fi ht a ainst po.erty has been oin on for the past 1>0 years% (ra ically0 standin in their $ay has been the federal o.ernment% Besides an effort to $a e 1$ar7 on po.erty be innin in the 1960s0 the federal o.ernment has attempted to intercede and dole out aid since the be innin of ;ran#lin 3oose.elt?s De$ Deal% (hese inter.entions ha.e pro.en costly and yielded disastrous results% By continually siphonin funds a$ay from the pri.ate sector0 la$ma#ers and bureaucrats further diminish the ability of ci.il society to deal $ith the problem of po.erty% -As Charles @urray sho$s in Losing Ground0 po.erty $as declinin steadily throu h the 19>0s and 1960s up until the 2reat 'ociety pro rams #ic#ed in durin the early 1970s%/ &f the pli ht of the poor is to be truly addressed0 Americans should study the lessons of the past% :arlier in the t$entieth century0 pri.ate charities offered a more effecti.e cure for chronic indi ence0 and it $as throu h mutually beneficial acti.ities and .oluntary fundin that the spirit of American compassion $as unleashed% &n the best interests of the poor0 the o.ernment should $ithdra$ itself completely from all acti.ities desi ned to help them and allo$ ci.il society its full ran e of motion% 6nfortunately0 most social commentators see increased state action as the best -indeed0 the only/ $ay to fi ht po.erty% With apolo ies to &an @c:$an0 the $elfare state has become 1the repository of collecti.e fantasy%7 <ri.ate charities0 they often ar ue0 financed by .olunteers and pri.ate donations0 cannot meet the immense burden of $elfare pro.ision% Ad.ocates of public assistance see 1pri.ate enterprise7 as an economic system that functions on 4obbesian self8interest and that $ould lea.e the poor to suffer if profit could not be s*ueeKed from their labor% @any proponents of laisseK faire reco niKe these common protestations0 but are unable to pro.ide co ent rebuttal% En the surface it $ould seem that only o.ernment0 $ith its .ast 9/67

WDW 2009 Charities Disad infrastructure and immense financial resources0 can impro.e the pli ht of the poor% <ri.ate charities0 sub"ect to the .a aries of .oluntary donations0 are a far less reliable source of income% Met if this $ere the case0 ho$ is it that after more than C0 years since the 2reat 'ociety and more than A9 trillion spent -in 2000 dollars/ so little head$ay has been made by the o.ernment in alle.iatin po.ertyG (his is not to say that po.erty has not diminished in America% &ndeed0 the mar#et economy has .irtually eliminated e=treme po.erty in the 6nited 'tates% (he a.era e poor American li.es a lifestyle that $ould be en.ied by most of the $orld?s citiKens% But this is a product of the mar#et economy not o.ernment handouts% &t is only throu h $ealth creation0 not $ealth distribution0 that $e see the $ellsprin of human pro ress%

In#rea"e! government "$en!ing tan(" $rivate giving to #haritie" & a #ut in el%are oul! lea! to higher overall "$en!ing %or $oor $eo$le @errill Matthe " ,r%0 .ice president of domestic policy for the Dational Center for <olicy Analysis0 a nonpartisan0 nonprofit public8
policy research institute based in Dallas0 (e=as0 Charity (a= Credits88and Debits07 4oo.er &nstitution <olicy 3e.ie$0 ,aunary/;ebruary )5530 http://$$$%hoo.er%or /publications/policyre.ie$/+>666C7%html0 -Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009/ '%D% &n fact0 "ust the opposite $ould li#ely occur% @ost economists reco niKe $hat is called the Ncro$din outN effect: When o.ernment spendin increases0 pri.ate spendin declines% In a 199C article in the Journal of Political Economy0 3ussell 3oberts found that pri.ate relief e=penditures rose steadily in the 6nited 'tates until 19+20 and declined steadily thereafter as o.ernment $elfare spendin rose% An article in the National Tax Journal that same year found that cuts in o.ernment spendin resulted in increased interest in pri.ate contributions* (hus it is entirely possible that reducin o.ernment $elfare spendin throu h a ta= credit for charitable i.in mi ht result in an increase in total spendin on the needy.

7overnment "$en!ing %or el%are $rogram" tra!e" o%% ith #haritable !onation" & the more the government "$en!", the le"" #ivil "o#iety !onate"* Me""more, Ryan* 6;;0% - Wuals: @illiam E* Simon >ello in the De?o" Center %or Religion an! Civil So#iety at The
Heritage >oun!ation*B FCharitable 7iving Bene%it" 7iver A" Mu#h a" Re#eiver*G http://www.heritage.org/press/commentary/ed122306a.cfm Accessed July 13, 200 Accordin to Broo#s0 o.ernment entitlement pro rams ha.e a ne ati.e impact on charity 88 they dri.e i.in do$n amon both rich and poor% En a.era e0 a $or#in poor family is more than t$ice as li#ely to i.e 88 and i.es more than three times as much money 88 and almost t$ice as li#ely to .olunteer as a family recei.in rou hly the same amount on $elfare% What stands out from Broo#s? research0 ho$e.er0 is that the mere support for income redistribution policies tends to substitute for i.in % &n a 1996 2eneral 'ocial 'ur.ey0 those $ho disa reed $ith the *uestion0 1(he o.ernment has a responsibility to reduce income ine*uality7 a.e more to e.ery type of cause and charity0 includin nonreli ious charities0 human $elfare a encies0 and traditionally liberal causes such as the en.ironment and the arts% (his trend holds $hether or not the o.ernment actually implements a policy to address ine*uality% <ublic policy should reflect the importance of charity in America% &n short0 $hen it comes to economic ine*uality0 liberal political opinions seem to substitute for pri.ate action% Because research re.eals that i.in leads to reater prosperity and a hi her *uality of life for the poor0 the national debate concernin po.erty should consider the si nificance of pri.ate charity in addressin this *uestion% (he Christmas season reminds us that $ise men i.e ifts% 2i.in sets off a cycle of blessin that benefits i.er0 recei.er0 and society ali#e% A $ise o.ernment #no$s that is somethin its policies cannot replicate0 but must respect%

Charitable !onation" !e#rea"e hen the government get" involve!

Ban!o E;6 1<otomac <rinciples X(he War on Charity7 Dou Bando$ U ,une 2002 U Volume: >2 U &ssue: 6 http://$$$%thefreemanonline%or /columns/potomac8principles8the8$ar8on8charity/ (here is another0 e.en more pernicious impact of the o.ernment?s 1 enerosity07 ho$e.er% 6ncle 'am?s determination to dominate charity mar inaliKes pri.ate efforts% As#s Andrea Deal of the &ndianapolis 'tar0 1&f $e?d #no$n the o.ernment $as oin to i.e A1%6 million on a.era e to the families of each 'ept% 11 .ictim0 $ould $e Americans ha.e donated A1%> billion in disaster charity fundsG7 Dot li#ely0 she ans$ers0 1$hen there are pro rams for homeless families and dru addicts and disad.anta ed youth7 nearby 1that could use the money more%7 &E5 columnist 3ussell 3oberts0 an economist at Washin ton 6ni.ersity?s Weidenbaum Center0 has documented ho$ pri.ate charitable donations fell as o.ernment relief e=penditures rose% &n recent years o.ernment has been steadily supplantin pri.ate .oluntarism by i.in rants to pri.ate roups and payin for 1.olunteers7 for those same or aniKations throu h AmeriCorps% Do$ it is ta#in o.er the *uintessential pri.ate act of donatin to help in an emer ency% 2i.in a$ay money has al$ays been surprisin ly hard $or#Lat least i.in it a$ay to deser.in people in a $ay that #eeps them independent%

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Hi"tory $rove" that government "o#ial "ervi#e" lea! to a !e#line in #haritable a#tivity ,onathon 7ruber0 economics department at @&(0 and Daniel @% 4un erman0 department of economics and econometrics at
Dotre Dame0 1;aith8Based Charity and Cro$d Eut durin the 2reat Depression07 Dational Bureau of :conomic 3esearch0 @ay 200>0 http://$$$%nber%or /papers/$11++2%pdf0 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/ Intere"t in religiou" organi<ation" a" $rovi!er" o% "o#ial "ervi#e" ha" in#rea"e! !ramati#ally in re#ent year"* Chur#he" in the 1*S* ere a #ru#ial $rovi!er o% "o#ial "ervi#e" through the early $art o% the t entieth #entury, but their role "hran( !ramati#ally ith the ex$an"ion in government "$en!ing un!er the 8e Deal* In thi" $a$er, e inve"tigate the extent to hi#h the 8e Deal #ro !e! out #hur#h #haritable "$en!ing in the )5-;"* @e !o "o u"ing a ne nation i!e !ata "et o% #haritable "$en!ing %or "ix large Chri"tian !enomination", mat#he! to !ata on lo#al 8e Deal "$en!ing* @e in"trument %or 8e Deal "$en!ing u"ing mea"ure" o% the $oliti#al "trength o% a "tateH" #ongre""ional !elegation, an! #on%irm our %in!ing" u"ing a !i%%erent in"trument ba"e! on in"titutional #on"traint" on "tate relie% "$en!ing* @ith both in"trument" e %in! that higher government "$en!ing lea!" to lo er #hur#h #haritable a#tivity* Cro !Cout a" "mall a" a "hare o% total 8e Deal "$en!ing I-JB, but large a" a "hare o% #hur#h "$en!ing: our e"timate" "ugge"t that #hur#h "$en!ing %ell by -;J in re"$on"e to the 8e Deal, an! that government relie% "$en!ing #an ex$lain virtually all o% the !e#line in #haritable #hur#h a#tivity ob"erve! bet een )5-- an! )5-5*

7overnment "o#ial "ervi#e" #an lea! to $er"onal !onation re!u#tion"

2arth Heutel0 4ar.ard Qennedy 'chool0 1C3EWD&D2 E6( ADD C3EWD&D2 &D E; <3&VA(: DEDA(&ED' ADD 2EV:3D@:D( 23AD('07 Dational Bureau of :conomic 3esearch0 May 6;;50 http://$$$%people%fas%har.ard%edu/Xheutel/Cro$dEut<aper%pdf0 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/

<ublic oods are often pro.ided by both o.ernments and indi.iduals% Bene.olent o.ernments may pro.ide public oods to o.ercome the mar#etFs failureP altruistic indi.iduals may li#e$ise do so% (he interaction of these t$o sources of the pro.ision of public oods ultimately affects the o.erall le.el of fundin % &n response to an increase in o.ernment spendin on a public ood or charity0 altruistic indi.iduals $ho care about the total le.el of the public ood may reduce their contributions%

7overnment %un!ing %or "o#ial "ervi#e" an! #harity #ro !" out $rivate !onor" in t o ay"
An!reoni an! :ayne E;5 1&s Cro$din Eut Due :ntirely to ;undraisin G :.idence from a <anel of Charities7 ;ebruary 20090 ,ames Andreoni and A% Abi ail <ayne http://econ%ucsd%edu/X"andreon/Wor#in <apers/andreoniIpayne2%pdf R,uly 120 2009S When a charity recei.es a o.ernment rant there can be t$o paths that lead to lo$er donations to the charity% ;irst is direct cro$din out of i.ers% Donors $ho count their contributions throu h ta=ation as part of their total contribution $ill reduce their .oluntary contributions to offset the rant% (he second path is by cro$din out the fundraisers% &f charity mana ers find fund8raisin a 1necessary e.il07 or fear it may hurt their e.aluation from charity $atchdo roups0 then a o.ernment rant $ill allo$ them to redirect efforts from fund8raisin to pro.idin charitable ser.ices% (his means that after ettin a rant0 charities may simply cut bac# fund8raisin % &f donors are lar ely una$are of fluctuations in the rants recei.ed by charities0 then reductions in fund8raisin becomes a sensible e=planation for cro$din out%

:rivate #ontribution" are #ro !e! out by government #ontribution"

2arth Heutel0 4ar.ard Qennedy 'chool0 1C3EWD&D2 E6( ADD C3EWD&D2 &D E; <3&VA(: DEDA(&ED' ADD 2EV:3D@:D( 23AD('07 Dational Bureau of :conomic 3esearch0 May 6;;50 http://$$$%people%fas%har.ard%edu/Xheutel/Cro$dEut<aper%pdf0 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/ Cro$din out is analyKed by e.aluatin dgi/d i0 or the chan e in pri.ate contribution resultin from a chan e in the forced le.el of o.ernment contribution from indi.idual i% -(his is a comparati.e static result for an a entFs best8response function0 not for a Dash e*uilibrium contribution%/ (his deri.ati.e is e.aluated usin the implicit function theorem on the first order condition for the interior solution: % 122Y ZY 22c2cc22c2ccii666666dd <ri.ate contributions are perfectly cro$ded out by the o.ernmentFs contribution%10 (his result is intuiti.eP indi.iduals only care about the le.el of the public ood and not about the source of its fundin 0 so they are indifferent $hether it is funded throu h their .oluntary contributions or throu h their ta=es%11

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4in( & Create" A$athy

7overnment el%are !e$en!en#y !e#rea"e" $er"onal giving
!. "radford !ilco#, associate professor of sociology at the $ni%ersity of ?irginia, i" a %ello o% the @ither"$oon In"titute an! "it" on the e!itorial boar! o% :ubli# Di"#our"e, FMore 7overnment, 4e"" 7o!: @hat the =bama Revolution Mean" %or Religion in Ameri#a,G The @ither"$oon In"titute, Mar#h -, 6;;5, http://$$$%thepublicdiscourse%com/2009/0+/920 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/ (he problem $ith this 'candina.ian8style $elfare dependency is that many 'candina.ians0 especially youn adults $ho ha.e ro$n up ta#in the $elfare state for ranted0 are mar#edly less li#ely to attend to the social0 material0 and emotional needs of family and friends than earlier enerations% As a conse*uence0 social solidarity is do$n and social patholo yLfrom drin#in to crimeLis up% &n Wolfe?s $ords0 14i h ta= rates in 'candina.ia encoura e o.ernmental responsibility for othersP they do not0 ho$e.er0 necessarily inspire a personal sense of altruism and a feelin of moral unity to$ard others $ith $hom one?s fate is al$ays lin#ed%7 Dot surprisin ly0 cheatin on ta=es is on the rise in 'candina.ian countries0 both because the social solidarity under irdin these societies is frayin and because men and $omenLespecially hi h earnersLare recoilin from payin the hefty ta=es associated $ith #eepin their nanny states afloat -sound familiarG/% (he dan ers that Wolfe identifies in societies li#e '$eden $ould li#ely be e.en more salient in America0 $hich has a much lo$er le.el of cultural homo eneity and collecti.ism than the 'candina.ian nations% &n the 6nited 'tates0 as Ale=is de (oc*ue.ille obser.ed0 reli ious institutions ha.e lon pro.ided crucial social and moral ballast to the indi.idualistic ethos of our nation% ;or instance0 as political scientist Arthur Broo#s pointed out in his recent boo#0 !ho &eally 'ares0 reli ious Americans are si nificantly more li#ely to i.e to charity and to .olunteer their time than are secularists% &n 20000 he found0 for instance0 that ninety8one percent of re ular church oers -those $ho attend reli ious ser.ices nearly e.ery $ee# or more fre*uently/ a.e money to charities0 compared to si=ty8si= percent of secularists -those $ho attend reli ious ser.ices a couple times a year or not at all/P moreo.er0 si=ty8se.en percent of church oers .olunteered0 compared to forty8four percent of secularists% (his is $hy0 e.en thou h Ebama?s audacious a enda mi ht pro.ide short8term relief to the economic and social challen es that no$ beset us0 o.er the lon term the Ebama re.olution is li#ely to erode first the reli ious and then the ci.ic and moral fabric of the nation% 6ndoubtedly0 this is not the chan e reli ious belie.ers $ho put their faith in Ebama last Do.ember are hopin for from this president% But if the :uropean e=periment $ith the $elfare state tells us anythin 0 it tells us that this is the chan e $e can e=pect from a successful Ebama re.olution% Euro$e $rove" that more government intervention ith "o#ial "ervi#e" !e#rea"e" !onation amount" %or #haritie" Debra 3appaport Ro"en, professional nonprofit fundraiser0 and @ichael @% 3osen0 an attorney and <E5&(&CE contributor0 1Will Ebama bud et doom philanthropyG7 <olitico0 @arch 100 6;;50 http://$$$%politico%com/ne$s/stories/0+09/1979C%html0 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/ &n addition0 it?s no surprise that Americans i.e to charities far more enerously than do :uropeans% (he hea.y ta= burden in :uropean countries dissuades its citiKens from donatin 0 both since they ha.e less money to i.e and because they assume the o.ernment is ta#in care of the needy% We fer.ently hope the Ebama administration does not see# such a profound metamorphosis of the philanthropic sector here in the 6nited 'tates% American enerosity is ood in and of itself% We try to impart a sense of i.in to our children as they i.e old toys a$ay or donate to canned food dri.es L a culture that tra.erses the enerations of many families0 not "ust the $ealthiest ones% But $e simply cannot continue to stress ho$ it?s 1our responsibility7 to help the less fortunate $hen the o.ernment subsumes that role%

7ov Intervention 4ea!" to De#rea"e in Donation" @ichael Tanner -'enior ;ello$ at (he Cato &nstitute/0 Cato &nstitute0 12o.ernment failure0 pri.ate success70 http://$$$%cato%or /pubIdisplay%phpGpubIidHC9270 !e"t# $%& 6;;9#
&f people come to belie.e that o.ernment $ill pro.ide the fundin 0 they may decide that there is less need for their o$n contributions% (his $ill result in a loss not only of money0 but of the human *uality of charity% As 3obert (hompson of the 6ni.ersity of <ennsyl.ania noted a century a o0 usin o.ernment money for charitable purposes is a Nrou h contri.ance to lift from the social conscience a burden that should not be either lifted or li htened in any $ay%N (he end result $ill be the ro$th of o.ernment and the decline of compassion8based .oluntary i.in %

7overnment el%are allo " in!ivi!ual" to ab!i#ate %rom $rivate #harity, un!ermining #om$a""ion an! em$athy @ichael Tanner, )550* 'director of health and $elfare studies at the Cato &nstitute/ (e"lacing )elfare#*
http://$$$%cato%or /pubs/policyIreport/cpr819n681%html Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009 12/67

WDW 2009 Charities Disad ;inally0 and perhaps most important0 pri.ate charity re*uires a different attitude on the part of both recipients and donors% ;or recipients0 pri.ate charity is not an entitlement but a ift carryin reciprocal obli ations% As ;ather 3obert 'irico of the Acton &nstitute describes it0 NAn impersonal chec# i.en $ithout any e=pectations for responsible beha.ior leads to a dama ed sense of self8$orth% (he beauty of local Rpri.ate charitableS efforts to help the needy is that % % % they ma#e the indi.idual recei.in the aid realiKe that he must $or# to li.e up to the e=pectations of those helpin him out%N <ri.ate charity demands that donors become directly in.ol.ed% ;ormer Male political science professor ,ames <ayne notes ho$ little citiKen in.ol.ement there is in o.ernment charity: We #no$ no$ that in most cases of o.ernment policy ma#in 0 decisions are not made accordin to the democratic ideal of control by ordinary citiKens% <olicy is made by elites0 throu h special interest politics0 bureaucratic pressures0 and le islati.e manipulations% &nsiders decide $hat happens0 shapin the outcome accordin to their o$n preferences and their political pull% (he citiKens are simply bystanders% <ri.ate charity0 in contrast0 is based on Nha.in indi.iduals .ote $ith their o$n time0 money0 and ener y%N (here is no compassion in spendin someone elseFs money88e.en for a ood cause% (rue compassion means i.in of yourself% As historian 2ertrude 4immelfarb puts it0 NCompassion is a moral sentiment0 not a political principle%N Welfare allo$s indi.iduals to escape their obli ation to be truly charitable% As 3obert (hompson of the 6ni.ersity of <ennsyl.ania said a century a o0 o.ernment charity is a Nrou h contri.ance to lift from the social conscience a burden that should not be either lifted or li htened in that $ay%N

7overnment %un!ing #ro !" out the human re"$on"e to "u%%ering

Tanner E;9 'ept 200 200>0 @ichael (anner0 CA(E0 12o.ernment failure0 pri.ate success7 http://$$$%cato%or /pubIdisplay%phpGpubIidHC927 ;rom policin to search and rescue to infrastructure repair0 the o.ernment has and $ill continue to be acti.e% But there is a dan er in turnin to the o.ernment too *uic#ly or too often% &f people come to belie.e that o.ernment $ill pro.ide the fundin 0 they may decide that there is less need for their o$n contributions% (his $ill result in a loss not only of money0 but of the human *uality of charity% As 3obert (hompson of the 6ni.ersity of <ennsyl.ania noted a century a o0 usin o.ernment money for charitable purposes is a Nrou h contri.ance to lift from the social conscience a burden that should not be either lifted or li htened in any $ay%N (he end result $ill be the ro$th of o.ernment and the decline of compassion8based .oluntary i.in %

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4in( & 7overnment %un!" %or 8on$ro%it"

7overnment grant" #au"e a net lo"" %or #haritie" in %un!rai"ing hi#h mean" that %e er !onation" #ome %rom $rivate #iti<en"
An!reoni an! :ayne E;5 1&s Cro$din Eut Due :ntirely to ;undraisin G :.idence from a <anel of Charities7 ;ebruary 20090 ,ames Andreoni and A% Abi ail <ayne http://econ%ucsd%edu/X"andreon/Wor#in <apers/andreoniIpayne2%pdf R,uly 120 2009S Andreoni and <ayne -200+/ as# the simple *uestion: $hat happens to a charity?s fundraisin e=penses $hen it ets a o.ernment rantG (hey first pro.ide a theoretical frame$or# that predicts that charities that compete for donors $ill reduce fund8raisin efforts in response to a rant0 due partly to classical cro$din and partly to substitutin efforts a$ay from fund8raisin and into their charitable ser.ices% ;or the empirical analysis0 they a ain loo#ed at &3' 990 filin s0 this time on a 1C8year panel of 2++ arts or aniKations and >+C social ser.ices or aniKations% As $ith <ayne?s -1999/ earlier obser.ation0 charities that are in hi h demand $ill li#ely recei.e o.ernment rants and en a e in acti.e fund8raisin % (his a ain re*uires an instrumental .ariables approach% (heir results imply that a A1000 increase in rants $ill reduce fund8raisin for the arts by A26>0 and for social ser.ices by A>C% (hese effects are si nificantP rants decrease fund8raisin by about >2 percent for arts or aniKations and +2 percent for social ser.ice or aniKations%

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4in( & Taxe"

)* >un!ing %or In#rea"e! So#ial Servi#e" oul! be gaine! through higher taxe"
'tephen Ma'or"0 Associated <ress0 1Ehio social ser.ices ad.ocates $ant ta=es raise07 Ehio%com0 Kune )9, 6;;50 http://$$$%ohio%com/ne$s/brea#Ine$s/C9076612%html0 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/ CE56@B6': A!vo#ate" %or a range o% "o#ial "ervi#e $rogram" #ontinue to $re""ure la ma(er" to rai"e taxe" as part of the solution to EhioFs A+%2 billion t$o8year bud et ap% 3ou h estimates from the state ta=ation department sho$ that a one percenta e point increase in the state sales ta= $ould yield an additional A1%2 billion a year% A half8point increase $ould brin in A600 million more a year% 'uspendin the final round of income ta= reductions that be an in 200> $ould yield AC>0 million each year% 2o.% (ed 'tric#land and la ma(er" %rom both $artie" have "ai! rai"ing taxe" oul! be !etrimental !uring the re#e""ion* They are %o#u"ing on ma(ing #ut" to the t oCyear bu!get $lan that "tart" Kuly )*

6* Tax in#rea"e" %or el%are !e#rea"e #haritie" be#au"e it ta(e" a ay !onor"D re"our#e" through higher taxe"
3yan Me""more0 is William :% 'imon ;ello$ in 3eli ion and a ;ree 'ociety in the 3ichard and 4elen DeVos Center for 3eli ion and Ci.il 'ociety at (he 4erita e ;oundation0 1Ebama?s <roposal to 3educe Charitable Deductions Would 4urt Ci.il 'ociety0 :=pand 2o.ernment07 A$ril -, 6;;50 http://$$$%herita e%or /research/bud et/$m2+79%cfm0 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/ (he <resident claims that his ta= plan $ill only ha.e a small ne ati.e effect on charitable i.in % <ercenta e8$ise0 this may be true0 but the estimated reduction in i.in means billions of dollars less each year for charities0 especially if $ea# economic conditions continue% 'cholars at the Center on <hilanthropy at &ndiana 6ni.ersity estimated that0 had EbamaFs proposed chan es been in place in 20060 total itemiKed contributions from $ealthy households $ould ha.e dropped almost AC billion%RCS While this amount is only a small percenta e of total charitable donations i.en each year0 it represents more than the annual operatin bud ets of the American Cancer 'ociety0 World Vision0 't% ,udeFs ChildrenFs 4ospital0 4abitat for 4umanity0 and the American 4eart Association combined% R>S @oreo.er0 other scholars estimate that under EbamaFs proposal charitable or aniKations $ould see donations drop possibly by as much as A9 billion e.ery year%R6S &n addition to recei.in less money from $ealthy donors0 charitable or aniKations under EbamaFs plan could face a more subtle yet si nificant challen e: o.ernment cro$din them out of social $elfare pro.ision% (his phenomenon occurs $hen o.ernment claims increasin responsibility for tas#s once performed by ci.il society0 absorbin a lar er percenta e of the resources dedicated to carryin out those tas#s%

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Tax lin( exten"ion"

In#rea"e! "$en!ing on "o#ial "ervi#e" $la#e" re"our#e" in the han!" o% the government in"tea! o% in more e%%e#tive $hilanthro$i# venture" Alphonse Cre"$o0 @%D%0 an orthopedic sur eon0 is no$ Director of 3esearch for the &nstitut Constant de 3ebec*ue0 1001 5ausanne0 '$itKerland0 1(he :nd of Welfare and &ts :ffect on the <oor07 ,ournal of American <hysicians and 'ur eons0 Winter 6;;90 http://$$$%"pands%or /.ol10noC/crespo%pdf0 -Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009/ '%D% 2enerosity and compassion can bloom only in a society that reco niKes autonomy and personal responsibility as its prime .alues% (he death of the $elfare state and of public social security may $ell be the best ne$s the poor $ill recei.e in the upcomin years% 'ome of them $ill be able to marshal enou h resilience to o.ercome their dependence on inefficient and corrupt bureaucracies% Ethers $ill find helpin hands no lon er bound by indifference and contempt% 3esources no lon er sapped by oppressi.e ta= #leptocracy $ill find their $ay to philanthropic .entures% Euro$e $rove" that more government intervention ith "o#ial "ervi#e" !e#rea"e" !onation amount" %or #haritie" Debra 3appaport Ro"en, professional nonprofit fundraiser0 and @ichael @% 3osen0 an attorney and <E5&(&CE contributor0 1Will Ebama bud et doom philanthropyG7 <olitico0 @arch 100 6;;50 http://$$$%politico%com/ne$s/stories/0+09/1979C%html0 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/ &n addition0 it?s no surprise that Americans i.e to charities far more enerously than do :uropeans% (he hea.y ta= burden in :uropean countries dissuades its citiKens from donatin 0 both since they ha.e less money to i.e and because they assume the o.ernment is ta#in care of the needy% We fer.ently hope the Ebama administration does not see# such a profound metamorphosis of the philanthropic sector here in the 6nited 'tates% American enerosity is ood in and of itself% We try to impart a sense of i.in to our children as they i.e old toys a$ay or donate to canned food dri.es L a culture that tra.erses the enerations of many families0 not "ust the $ealthiest ones% But $e simply cannot continue to stress ho$ it?s 1our responsibility7 to help the less fortunate $hen the o.ernment subsumes that role%

In#rea"e! taxe" along ith the e#onomi# re#e""ion (ill" !onor" ability to give to non$ro%it"
Chroni#le o% :hilanthro$y E;5 (he Chronicle of <hilanthropy0 ;ebruary 270 20090 http://philanthropy%com/ne$s/updates/inde=%phpGidH729> 1EbamaFs (a= <lan Could Cause 2i.in by the Wealthy to Drop by 'e.eral Billion Dollars Annually7 <resident Ebama?s ta= proposals L includin a limit on charitable i.in deductions that could be ta#en by America?s $ealthiest people L could cause i.in by America?s $ealthy to drop by se.eral billion dollars a year0 accordin to estimates released today by the &ndiana 6ni.ersity Center on <hilanthropy% (he center loo#ed at ho$ the proposals @r% Ebama released on (hursday $ould ha.e affected i.in based on 2006 data sho$in ho$ much ta=payers deducted for charitable contributions% &t said that if @r% Ebama?s ta= plan had been in effect0 Americans $ith incomes of A2>00000 or more $ould ha.e decreased their i.in by C%6 percent or nearly A+%98billion% <eople at that income le.el claimed more than A918billion in charitable ifts in 2006% (he drop in i.in is less star# $hen loo#ed at in the conte=t of ho$ it $ould affect all Americans $ho itemiKe on their ta= forms and claim charitable deductions% (otal i.in by people $ho itemiKe $ould ha.e dropped "ust 2%1 percent if the Ebama plan had been in effect in 20060 the center estimated% &temiKed charitable contributions totaled nearly A1978billion that year% But the center cautioned that i.in is far more li#ely to be affected by the condition of the stoc# mar#et than by <resident Ebama?s ta= proposals% &t noted that e.ery time the stoc# mar#et declines by 100 points0 i.in declines by A1%9>8billion% Charitable donations rise by that same amount $hen the stoc# mar#et increases% <resident Ebama?s proposal to limit charitable8 i.in deductions $ould apply to people $ith A2>00000 or more in income% (he center said that appro=imately C million ta= returns0 or nearly + percent of ta= returns0 came from indi.iduals $ith incomes of A2000000 or more% &n a statement0 <atric# @% 3ooney0 interim director of the &ndiana center0 said he $orried about the effect of the ta= chan e at a time $hen the do$nturn in the economy has put a s*ueeKe on many donors and the charities they support% 1(a= incenti.es do stimulate more i.in 07 @r% 3ooney said0 1and the challen es facin the nonprofit sector in 2009 su est that this mi ht be a ood time to pro.ide additional incenti.es0 rather than reduce the .alue of the ta= deduction for hi h8 income households0 so that the donors $ith the reatest capacity to i.e ha.e more reasons to do so%7

The el%are "tate #reate" !e$en!en#e, !ehumani<e" the $oor an! un!ermine" #haritable giving :sler 2% Heller0 (he ;reeman0 )53), accessed ,uly 1>0 20090 @: 1<aternalism and Charity in a ;ree 'ociety7 http://$$$%thefreemanonline%or /columns/paternalism8and8charity8in8a8free8society/
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WDW 2009 Charities Disad A reat truth is .ery simpleP a reat error is bein perpetuated behind a facade of comple=ity% (he reat truth is that only a limited o.ernment free society $ould pro.ide the frame$or# and atmosphere in $hich human bein s -free from arbitrary compulsion in all creati.e aspects of life/ could achie.e their reatest spiritual and material ro$th $ith the least opportunity for mischief% (he reat error is in thin#in that to achie.e peace0 prosperity0 and "ustice0 the interdependence0 hi h technolo y0 and infinite comple=ity of our society re*uire that its uidance and control be .ested in a technocratic state of reat po$er and matchin comple=ity% &n spite of its siKe0 comple=ity and pretensions of e*ualitarianism0 the authoritarian state is unable and un$illin to deal effecti.ely $ith indi.idual ine*ualities% (herefore it di.ides its sub"ects into special roups and attempts by le islati.e compulsion to satisfy the 1ri hts7 -read demands/ of each roup at the e=pense of all others -e=ceptin of course the state and its cohorts/% (hus it tramples on the basic principle of freedom: that $hen the true ri hts of indi.iduals are protected0 the ri hts of all roups are protected% 2o.ernment fa.ors to one roup must be at the e=pense of others% (he effect is to pit roup a ainst roup0 establishin fairly ri id classes in $hat $as to ha.e been a classless and mobile society% A cherished myth of statism paints the free society as $onderful for capable0 ambitious0 self8 reliant0 self8sufficient0 and $ealthy persons0 but unacceptably harsh to$ard those of lo$er le.els of ability0 moti.ation0 and resources% (he proffered solution is the $elfare state% (he $elfare state may impose a de ree of material e*uality0 spiritual atrophy0 suppressed ra e0 and destruction of self8respect amon the o.erned% 4o$e.er0 the real ine*uality of material benefits and po$er en"oyed by the elite upper echelons of the establishment contrasted $ith the hardships and impotence of the rest of the people is an e.er8$idenin chasm% (hose $ho ha.e faith in freedom belie.e that $ithin the limited8 o.ernment and free society all economic and psychic factors are automatically inte rated in the most harmonious arran ements possible for the essentially ood0 but nonetheless fla$ed0 nature of man% (he free society tends to de.elop .irtue and discoura e .ice0 usin no compulsion e=cept to restrain the initiation of .iolence and fraud% 4istory confirms this faith% <eriods of reater freedom ha.e in.ariably coincided $ith more peace0 "ustice0 and prosperity% Vital Differences (he $elfare state establishes a certain inescapable le.el of dependence and ser.itude for both ruled and rulers% (he free society embodies a free mar#et $hich offers $hate.er de ree of independence or dependence0 self8 sufficiency or paternalism0 solitary effort or cooperation each uni*ue indi.idual finds most compatible $ith his estate -a e0 health0 $ealth0 education0 personality0 tastes0 and character/% (he free mar#et most efficiently allocates not only material oods0 but also psychic0 spiritual and emotional .alues as $ell% :ach member of a free society has the ma=imum opportunity to choose that de ree of independence or subser.ience0 responsibility or submission to authority that best suits him at any i.en time0 and to chan e this .oluntary arran ement as he and his needs chan e% <ersons0 roups0 business and reli ious or aniKations ea er to fill the role of friend0 helper0 healer0 ad.isor0 consultant0 teacher0 uardian0 insurer0 employer0 master or uru e=ist today0 and more $ould sprin up as o.ernment restraints $ere remo.ed% (heir e=istence and ro$th in spite of the preemption of resources and assumption of responsibility by statist o.ernments0 and in spite of the social unrest and resentment enerated by o.ernment usurpations0 is stron proof of man?s instinct for freedom% &t also reflects a natural rebelliousness to o.ernment interference% &n a free society0 those in need of help $ould not ha.e to see# out and importune their prospecti.e 1benefactors%7 :ach needs the other0 and from moti.es of material and psychic profit there $ould be a mutual searchLa competition for clients and ser.ices "ust as producers and buyers of oods in a free mar#et compete to cooperate most ad.anta eously $ith each other% (he same applies to charity% &t is also an e=chan e transaction bet$een $illin parties in mutual anticipation of finely inter$o.en psychic and material benefits% @utual 3esponsibility Without the coerci.e po$er of the state to establish or support $elfare monopolies0 doers of ood $or#s must court and ain the consent of their prospecti.e $ards0 clients0 con re ations0 pupils0 and the li#e% (he recipients of charitable acts and ifts must also act to ma#e the e=chan e attracti.eLthat is0 acceptable to the i.er% (his imposes a de ree of responsibility and therefore an opportunity to retain self8respect $hich tends to be lac#in $here o.ernment fa.ors such as uaranteed income0 housin 0 education0 and medical care are treated as 1ri hts7 to be claimed0 but not necessarily deser.ed% (he 4ebre$ prophets and ,esus teach us to do charity $illin ly0 cheerfully0 and preferably0 anonymously% 4o$0 e=cept in a free society0 is this possibleG 6nder statism the establishment does its ood $or#s $ith other people?s money% &t re ards redistribution0 not e.en as charity0 but as a necessary e.ilLa prophylactic measure to #eep the masses dependent and pacified% (he poor reco niKe the dole for $hat it is0 and are demoraliKed% (hose of a cynical nature push their demands to the utmost% (he .icious and audacious see it as confirmation of their self8pity and "ustification for robbery0 theft0 riotin 0 and lootin % (his malaise is compounded by the nature of 1$elfare7 la$s and social 1achie.ements7 such as restricti.e child labor0 minimum $a e0 and or aniKed labor la$s $hich #eep the poor in enforced idleness% 'imultaneously the $ealthy and ta=8 pro8ducin members of society are de pri.ed of the opportunity0 the incenti.e0 but most of all0 the means to perform charity% 'tate8 enforced redistribution0 far from bein charity0 is reco niKed by both e=propriated and recipients ali#e as in"ustice institutionaliKed% <ri.ate charity is .ery much ali.e in the 6nited 'tates0 and ro$in to compensate for o.ernment failures and o.ernment8created hardships% (he sacrifice and enerosity of millions of persons supportin the panoply of reco niKed .oluntary or aniKations and informal ad hoc roups0 to ether $ith innumerable daily instances of person8to8person help0 is preser.in our sense of moral responsibility to aid one another% (he total amount of pri.ate charity is .ast0 and cannot be measured in dollars alone% &t is efficient and humane0 and characteristically American% &t puts the lie to 1liberal7 assertions that0 $ithout o.ernment redistribution0 sufferin and pri.ation $ould s$eep the land% Careful obser.ation re.eals mis o.ernment as the principal cause of the hardship that redistribution purports to relie.e% &t confirms libertarians in their faith that had people the freedom to control the fruits of their o$n labors0 philanthropy and charity $ould flourish as ne.er before%

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Health#are 4in(
>un!ing health #are $rogram" at the %e!eral level in#rea"e" taxe" an! un!ermine" #haritable or( !one by non$ro%it"
3yan Me""more0 is William :% 'imon ;ello$ in 3eli ion and a ;ree 'ociety in the 3ichard and 4elen DeVos Center for 3eli ion and Ci.il 'ociety at (he 4erita e ;oundation0 1Ebama?s <roposal to 3educe Charitable Deductions Would 4urt Ci.il 'ociety0 :=pand 2o.ernment07 A$ril -, 6;;50 http://$$$%herita e%or /research/bud et/$m2+79%cfm0 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/ &n ;ebruary0 the Ebama Administration announced its proposals to raise ta= rates on hi h8income earners and to reduce their ta= deduction rate on ifts made to charities% (hese strate ies are intended to raise funds for EbamaFs health care plan% (he 'enate Bud et Committee passed an amendment by 'enator 3obert Bennett -386(/ to the bud et resolution that $ould pre.ent this policy from oin into effect% Con ress should i.e this amendment full consideration% &n so doin 0 it can resist o.ernment cro$d out of the .aluable charitable $or# performed by indi.iduals and nonprofits%

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Charities Disad

Hunger Mo!ule
:rivate #haritie" are (ey running e%%e#tive hungerCrelie% $rogram" "u#h a" %oo! $antrie" an! "ou$ (it#hen" Cary D;5 (a=in Charity to ;und the Bi 2o.ernment Ebama 4ealthcare <lan0 @arch 0+0 20090 @ary Qate Cary
http://$$$%usne$s%com/blo s/mary8#ate8cary/2009/0+/0+/ta=in 8charity8to8fund8the8bi 8 o.ernment8obama8healthcare8plan%html (rue0 most people are moti.ated to i.e to charity out of altruism0 not ta= concerns% But if you $ant to sol.e a problem in America0 chances are there is an or aniKation sol.in it some$hereLand itFs not the o.ernment% &n December of each year0 do you #no$ anyone $ith a little e=tra cash $ho sends a chec# to the (reasury Department as an additional year8end iftG (hereFs a reason no one does that% <eople $ho i.e money to charities #no$ that a donation to the ri ht or aniKation is a .ery efficient use of their moneyL because a ood charity can accomplish its oals at far less cost than the o.ernment can% (he lar est sin le share of charitable donations oes to reli ious con re ations0 $hich in turn are a source of hun er8relief pro rams such as food pantries and soup #itchensP pre nancy8related resources to help teen mothersP and .olunteers for tutorin and helpin the elderly% Eften these pro rams rely on free manpo$er from church members as $ell0 in order to #eep costs do$n% And a ood non8profit in.ol.ed in Nsocial "usticeN type pro rams often helps families et on their feet so that they no lon er need o.ernment inter.ention in the first place%

C An!, A##e"" to >oo! i" a Human Right

Action A ainst 4un er0 2009% http://$$$%actiona ainsthun er%or /understandin 8hun er% Accessed ,uly 1>0 2009 (he ri ht to food is a human ri ht that protects the ri ht of all human bein s to li.e in di nity0 free from hun er% &t is protected under international human ri hts and humanitarian la$% As defined by the Committee on :conomic0 'ocial and Cultural 3i hts in its 2eneral Comment Do% 12 -1999/0 1the ri ht to ade*uate food is realiKed $hen e.ery man0 $oman and child0 alone or in community $ith others0 has physical and economic access at all times to ade*uate food or means for its procurement7%

C Thi" im$a#t #ome" %ir"t C Human right" are the %oremo"t moral im$erative be#au"e they are the ba"i" o% all human a#tion an! agen#y
Gewerth 82 Alan0 <hil[6 Chica o0 4uman 3i hts (he primary thesis of the follo$in essays is that human ri hts are of supreme importance0 and are central to all other moral considerations0 because they are ri hts of e.ery human bein to the necessary conditions of human action0 i%e%0 those conditions that must be fulfilled if human action is to be possible either at all or $ith eneral chances of success in achie.in the purposes for $hich humans act* Because they are such ri hts, they must be respected by e.ery human bein 0 in the primary "ustification of o.ernance is that they ser.e to secure these ri hts* (hus the 'ub"ects as $ell as the respondents of human ri hts are all human bein sP the Eb"ects of the ri hts are the aforesaid necessary conditions of human action and of successful action in eneral L and the "ustifyin basis of the ri hts is the moral principle $hich establishes that all humans are e*ually entitled to ha.e these necessary conditions0 to fulfill the eneral needs of human a ency*

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Charities Disad

Exten"ion & Charitie" Key to Hunger :rogram"

:rivate #haritie" are (ey to $re"erving the emergen#y %oo! a""i"tan#e net or( hi#h i" an im$ortant $art o% the e%%ort to en! hunger in the 1nite! State" Blue$rint to En! Hunger, 6;;3* http://$$$%hun ercenter%or /pdf/Blueprint(o4un er%pdf Accessed ,uly 1>0 2009
While $e reco niKe e=pansion of the charitable emer ency food system cannot brin an end to hun er0 hun ry Americans need emer ency food assistance% 6ntil all citiKens can ac*uire sufficient *uantities of nutritious food0 and it $ill ta#e some time to et there0 food pantries0 soup #itchens and other pro rams that pro.ide food to people facin hun er $ill continue to be needed% 6ltimately0 emer ency feedin should become "ust that: food for emer ency situations% &f $e are to meet the emer ency needs of people in our community challen ed by hun er0 the charitable food distribution net$or# must ha.e access to the assistance0 support0 and resources needed to et more food to more people more often% ;ood ban#s0 food pantries0 and other pri.ate sector pro.iders must continue to: de.elop the capacity to ser.e hun ry people includin critical infrastructure needsP identify ne$ sources of foodP respond to aps in ser.ices and ne$ areas of needP and collaborate $ith other public and pri.ate or aniKations to meet people?s needs% ;aith8based a encies are a critical component to pro.idin emer ency food assistance0 as they operate the ma"ority of soup #itchens and food pantries in the 6nited 'tates%

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Charities Disad

Exten"ion & Hunger in Ameri#a

Thirty %ive million Ameri#an" are lo#(e! in a "truggle ith hunger & in!ivi!ual e%%ort" to "olve are (ey Blue$rint to En! Hunger, 6;;3* http://$$$%hun ercenter%or /pdf/Blueprint(o4un er%pdf Accessed ,uly 1>0 2009
(he 6nited 'tates is the lar est and most efficient food producer in the $orld% Met0 each year more than +>%> million Americans face a constant stru le a ainst hun er0 includin more than 12%6 million children% (hese numbers $ould be e.en reater if $ere not a carin people0 *uic# to respond to human sufferin and mindful of the responsibility that $ealth brin s% But0 despite our
abundance and charitable spirit0 $e ha.e failed to assure that e.ery American is ade*uately fed% &nstead0 some children rely on a free school lunch as their only meal of the day% @any older people eat too little to maintain their health and many $or#in parents often s#ip meals so that their children can eat% 4un ry people can be found in e.ery city0 county and state in America: the ill effects of hun er touch e.eryone in some $ay% (he study :conomic Cost of Domestic 4un er: :stimated Annual Burden to the 6nited 'tates finds that the 6%'% pays more than A90 billion annually for the direct and indirect costs of hun er8related charities0 illness and psychosocial dysfunction and the impact of less education/lo$er producti.ity% (hese costs are borne by all Americans% 'till0 an end to hun er can be achie.ed if $e all $or# to ether%

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Charities Disad

Dehumani<ation Mo!ule
)* 7overnment "o#ial "ervi#e $rogram" are !ehumani<ing
Tanner E52 ,uly 10 19970 @ichael (anner0 CA(E0 1Ci.il 'ociety to the 3escue7 https://$$$%cato%or /dailys/7801897%html <ri.ate charities ha.e been more successful than o.ernment $elfare has at actually helpin people for se.eral reasons% ;irst0 pri.ate charities are able to i.e indi.idual attention in $ays that o.ernments can?t% 2o.ernment re ulations must be desi ned to treat all similarly situated recipients ali#e% @ost o.ernment pro rams pro.ide cash or other oods and ser.ices $ithout any attempt to differentiate bet$een recipients% (he sheer siKe of o.ernment pro rams $or#s a ainst indi.idualiKation% As one $elfare case $or#er lamented0 NWith 12> cases itFs hard to remember that theyFre all human bein s% 'ometimes theyFre "ust a number%N &n her e=cellent boo#0 Tyranny of Kindness0 (heresa ;uniciello0 a former $elfare mother0 describes the dehumaniKin $orld of the o.ernment $elfare system88a system in $hich re ulations and bureaucracy rule all else% &t is a system in $hich illiterate homeless people $ith mental illnesses are handed 178pa e forms to fill out0 $omen nine months pre nant are told to .erify their pre nancy0 and a $oman $ho $as raped is told she is ineli ible for benefits because she canFt list the babyFs father on the re*uired form% &t is a $orld totally unable to ad"ust to the sli htest de.iation from the bureaucratic norm%

6* An!, !ehumani<ation i" the .th hor"eman o% the a$o#aly$"e & it 'u"ti%ie" nu#lear ar an! geno#i!e* Berube )552
RDa.id0 <h%D% in Communications0 1Danotechnolo ical <rolon e.ity: (he Do$n 'ide70 Dano(echnolo y @a aKine0 ,une/,uly 19970 p% 1860 635: http://$$$%cla%sc%edu/:D25/faculty/berube/prolon %htmS (his means8ends dispute is at the core of @onta u and @atsou?s treatise on the dehumaniKation of humanity% (hey $arn 1its destructi.e toll is already reater than that of any $ar0 pla ue0 famine0 or natural calamity on record ! and its potential dan er to the *uality of life and the fabric of ci.iliKed society is beyond calculation% ;or that reason this sic#ness of the soul mi ht $ell be called the ;ifth 4orseman of the ApocalypseT Behind the enocide of the 4olocaust lay a dehumaniKed thou htP beneath the menecide of de.iants and dissidentsT in the cuc#oo?s ne=t of America0 lies a dehumaniKed ima e of manT -@onta u J @atsou0 199+0 p% =i8=ii/% While it may ne.er be possible to *uantify the impacts dehumaniKin ethics may ha.e had on humanity0 it is safe to conclude the foundations of humanness offer reat opportunities $hich $ould be fore one% When $e calculate the actual losses and the .irtual benefits0 $e approach a nearly inestimable .alue reater than any tools $hich $e can currently use to measure it% DehumaniKation is nuclear $ar0 en.ironmental apocalypse0 and international enocide% When people become thin s0 they become dispensable% When people are dispensable0 any and e.ery atrocity can be "ustified% Ence "ustified0 they seem to be ine.itable for e.ery epoch has e.il and dehumaniKation is e.il?s most po$erful $eapon%

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Charities Disad

Dehumani<ation Internal"
So#ial Servi#e" are be"t $rovi!e! by #ommunity ba"e! #haritie" & itD" the only ay to en"ure !emo#rati# governan#e an! the $re"ervation o% human !ignity hile e%%e#tively meeting $eo$leD" nee!" & a$$roa#he" by the elite merely $athologi<e the $oor
S#hambra0 William% 6;;3% -director of the 4udson &nstituteFs Bradley Center for <hilanthropy and Ci.ic 3ene$al/ 1(he 6n odly Bri ht: 'hould they 5ead <hilanthropy into the ;utureG7 http://$$$%hudson%or /inde=%cfmG fuseactionHpublicationIdetailsJidH>+72Jpub(ypeH4&IArticles Accessed ,uly 120 2009 (oc*ue.illian or ci.ic rene$al philanthropy $ould reach out *uietly but acti.ely into the communities it $ishes to assist0 har.estin 1street $isdom7 about $hich roups enuinely capture a community?s self8understandin of its problems% 'uch roups $ill more than li#ely ha.e duct tape on their industrial carpetin and $ater stains on their ceilin s% (hey $ill not be able to draft cle.er0 eye8catchin libertyin brochures or rant proposals% (hey $ill not ha.e sophisticated accountin systems0 or be able to lay out a schedule of measurable outcomes% (hey $ill not spea# the lan ua e of the social sciences0 but more often than not0 the lan ua e of sin and spiritual redemption% (hey $ill not be staffed by $ell8paid credentialed e=perts0 but rather by .olunteers $hose chief credential is that they themsel.es ha.e mana ed to o.ercome the problem they are no$ helpin others to confront% Do matter $hat the roup?s formal charter states0 it $ill minister to $hate.er needs present themsel.es at the door0 e.en if it means bein accused of inefficiency or mission drift% ;or each person is treated not as an inade*uately self8a$are bundle of patholo ies0 but rather as a uni*ue indi.idual0 a citiKen possessed of a soul0 demandin a respectful0 humane response to the entire person% (his approach turns completely on its head the still8entrenched orthodo=y of pro ressi.e philanthropy% &ndeed0 it loo#s suspiciously li#e charityLthe anti*uated0 discredited approach $hich nonetheless honored and ministered personally to the indi.idual before it% Charity does indeed deal $ith 1mere symptoms7 because they are $hat people themsel.es consider important0 rather than $ith root causes .isible only to e=perts $ho can 1see throu h7 the client% Because ci.ic rene$al philanthropy tac#les social problems indi.idual by indi.idual0 nei hborhood by nei hborhood0 and because it relies on and entrusts ordinary0 public8spirited citiKens0 familiar $ith the communities of $hich they are a part0 to lead the $ayLto identify and resol.e their o$n problems in their o$n $ayLthis approach $ill not appeal to the un odly bri ht% &t is hardly surprisin that the immensely $ealthy today should find appealin the century8old .ision of puttin massi.e fundin into cuttin 8ed e technolo y in order to de li.er the decisi.e0 1#noc#8out punch7 to some .e=in social problem% <erhaps a handful0 ho$e.er0 $ill come to appreciate the lesson of the past century0 that there are no #noc#8outs in the effort to impro.e society0 and the search for them can readily ta#e u ly turns% By fundin more concrete0 immediate0 community8based efforts of the sort described by (oc*ue.ille0 ho$e.er0 it $ould be possible to ma#e modest head$ay a ainst social ills% &t $ould also contribute to a much loftier purpose0 the re.i.al of ci.ic en a ement and democratic self8 o.ernance in America0 perhaps thereby helpin to insure the sur.i.al of our democratic republic% But to appreciate the importance of that oal0 it is necessary to transcend the narro$0 scientific #no$led e of the un odly bri ht% &t re*uires instead a #ind of prudence or $isdom that aims at an attainable ood0 $hile acceptin and $or#in $ith0 rather than tryin to see throu h0 the be$ilderin .ariety of human needs% &t thus fully respects and helps to preser.e democratic citiKenship and human di nity% (his $ould be the philanthropy0 not of the un odly bri ht0 but rather of the odly $ise%

7overnment "o#ial "ervi#e $rogram" are !ehumani<ing

Tanner E52 ,uly 10 19970 @ichael (anner0 CA(E0 1Ci.il 'ociety to the 3escue7 https://$$$%cato%or /dailys/7801897%html <ri.ate charities ha.e been more successful than o.ernment $elfare has at actually helpin people for se.eral reasons% ;irst0 pri.ate charities are able to i.e indi.idual attention in $ays that o.ernments can?t% 2o.ernment re ulations must be desi ned to treat all similarly situated recipients ali#e% @ost o.ernment pro rams pro.ide cash or other oods and ser.ices $ithout any attempt to differentiate bet$een recipients% (he sheer siKe of o.ernment pro rams $or#s a ainst indi.idualiKation% As one $elfare case $or#er lamented0 NWith 12> cases itFs hard to remember that theyFre all human bein s% 'ometimes theyFre "ust a number%N &n her e=cellent boo#0 Tyranny of Kindness0 (heresa ;uniciello0 a former $elfare mother0 describes the dehumaniKin $orld of the o.ernment $elfare system88a system in $hich re ulations and bureaucracy rule all else% &t is a system in $hich illiterate homeless people $ith mental illnesses are handed 178pa e forms to fill out0 $omen nine months pre nant are told to .erify their pre nancy0 and a $oman $ho $as raped is told she is ineli ible for benefits because she canFt list the babyFs father on the re*uired form% &t is a $orld totally unable to ad"ust to the sli htest de.iation from the bureaucratic norm%

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WDW 2009

Charities Disad

International Charity )n#

AB International Ai! i" on the ri"e an! %un!" health "ervi#e", !i"a"ter relie%, re%ugee e%%ort", an! e!u#ation* Hu!"on In"titute C e n t e r % o r 7 l o b a l : r o " $ e r i t y, 6;;5* -(he Center for 2lobal <rosperity -c p/ pro.ides a
platformLthrou h conferences0 discussions0 publications0 and media appearancesLto create a$areness amon 6%'% and international opinion leaders0 as $ell as the eneral public0 about the central role of the pri.ate sector0 both for8profi t and not8for8profi t0 in the creation of economic ro$th and prosperity in the de.elopin $orld%/ 1(he &nde= of 2lobal <hilanthropy and 3emittances 20097 http://$$$%hudson%or /files/documents/&nde=O20ofO202lobalO20<hilanthropyO20andO203emittancesO202009%pdf Accessed ,uly 120 2009 &ndependent0 community0 and rant8ma#in operatin foundations in the 6nited 'tates a.e a total of A+%+ billion to de.elopin countries in 20070 accordin to ;oundation Center research conducted for the Center for 2lobal <rosperity% (his represents a three percent increase o.er a re.ised 2006 total of A+%2 billion -ori inal ;oundation Center 2006 estimates of foundation i.in $ere o.erstated due to a reportin error/% (he ;oundation Center estimate for 2007 $as based on an analysis of rants of A100000 or more a$arded by a sample of 10++9 of the lar est 6%'% foundations and on total actual i.in -includin rants of any amount/ by the more than 7>0000 rant8ma#in pri.ate and community foundations in the 6nited 'tates% 4ealth and medical ser.ices accounted for >0 percent of all international rants from 6%'% foundations0 follo$ed by economic ro$th and trade -$hich includes en.ironmental rants/ at 2> percent% Disaster relief and refu ees accounted for nine percent of rants% ,ust o.er se.en percent of international rants $ere for democracy and o.ernance% :ducation recei.ed four percent of rants and fi .e percent $ere for all other areas% A total of 69 percent of all international rants a$arded in 2007 by 6%'% foundations $ere multi8re ional rants or rants for unspecifi ed countries% Ef the remainin +2 percent0 the sin le lar est re ional recipient of 6%'% foundation money $as sub8'aharan Africa at 16 percent of rants0 follo$ed by Asia and the <acifi c at nine percent of rants0 and 5atin America and the Caribbean at fi .e percent of rants% &nternational i.in captured a lar er share of 6%'% foundation dollars in 20070 as it reached a record 2+ percent of total rant dollars a$arded0 accordin to the ;oundation Center% (he Bill and @elinda 2ates ;oundation continued to set the pace in international de.elopment and health fundin % &n 20070 ei ht of the 10 lar est foundation rants $ere made by the 2ates ;oundation%

BB :rivate Charitable giving (ey to over"ea" ai! & $rivate !onation" are %ar higher than "$en!ing by 1SAID ,effrey Thoma", ,une 17th 6;;5% -'taff Writer/ 12i.in to Charity 3emains at 4i h 5e.el in 6nited 'tates7
http://$$$%america% o./st/educ8en lish/2009/,une/200906171016191C,samoh(0%60+1%html Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009 Accordin to the report0 i.in to reli ious con re ations and or aniKations L about one8half of all indi.idual i.in L actually increased 1%6 percent after ad"ustin for inflation% 6%'% reli ious or aniKations are an important source of de.elopment aid and disaster relief in the de.elopin $orld0 pro.idin more than 1%> times more aid -A+6%9 billion in 2007/ than the 6%'% o.ernment0 accordin to the 4udson &nstitute?s Center for 2lobal <rosperity -C2</0 a Washin ton research or aniKation% -'ee 1A De$ Assistance 5andscape%7/ &n \imbab$e and \ambia0 for e=ample0 the charity ;or otten Voices helps local communities care for A&D' orphans0 $hile :n ineerin @inistries &nternational pro.ides .olunteer desi ners0 en ineers and architects to $or# on infrastructure pro"ects around the $orld% When it comes to international aid0 Americans lon ha.e preferred to donate their money throu h the pri.ate sector or to pri.ate charities rather than relyin on o.ernment% (he A11>%9 billion pro.ided by pri.ate foundations0 corporations0 .oluntary or aniKations0 uni.ersities0 reli ious or aniKations and indi.idual Americans in 20070 the most current data a.ailable0 is more than fi.e times the A21%9 billion of official aid pro.ided by the 6%'% o.ernment0 accordin to C2<% <ri.ate ifts to 6%'% colle es and uni.ersities climbed in 2009 to A+1%6 billion0 the hi hest total e.er recorded0 accordin to a report released in @arch by the Council for Aid in :ducation% Accordin to the C2< report0 Americans also a.e A+%9 billion in support to students from the de.elopin $orld $ho studied in the 6nited 'tates in the 2007!2009 academic year0 a > percent increase o.er the 2006!2007 le.el%

CB 7overnment el%are allo " in!ivi!ual" to ab!i#ate %rom $rivate #harity, un!ermining #om$a""ion an! em$athy @ichael Tanner, )550* 'director of health and $elfare studies at the Cato &nstitute/ (e"lacing )elfare#*
http://$$$%cato%or /pubs/policyIreport/cpr819n681%html Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009 ;inally0 and perhaps most important0 pri.ate charity re*uires a different attitude on the part of both recipients and donors% ;or recipients0 pri.ate charity is not an entitlement but a ift carryin reciprocal obli ations% As ;ather 3obert 'irico of the Acton &nstitute describes it0 NAn impersonal chec# i.en $ithout any e=pectations for responsible beha.ior leads to a dama ed sense of self8$orth% 2C/67

WDW 2009 Charities Disad (he beauty of local Rpri.ate charitableS efforts to help the needy is that % % % they ma#e the indi.idual recei.in the aid realiKe that he must $or# to li.e up to the e=pectations of those helpin him out%N <ri.ate charity demands that donors become directly in.ol.ed% ;ormer Male political science professor ,ames <ayne notes ho$ little citiKen in.ol.ement there is in o.ernment charity: We #no$ no$ that in most cases of o.ernment policy ma#in 0 decisions are not made accordin to the democratic ideal of control by ordinary citiKens% <olicy is made by elites0 throu h special interest politics0 bureaucratic pressures0 and le islati.e manipulations% &nsiders decide $hat happens0 shapin the outcome accordin to their o$n preferences and their political pull% (he citiKens are simply bystanders% <ri.ate charity0 in contrast0 is based on Nha.in indi.iduals .ote $ith their o$n time0 money0 and ener y%N (here is no compassion in spendin someone elseFs money88e.en for a ood cause% (rue compassion means i.in of yourself% As historian 2ertrude 4immelfarb puts it0 NCompassion is a moral sentiment0 not a political principle%N Welfare allo$s indi.iduals to escape their obli ation to be truly charitable% As 3obert (hompson of the 6ni.ersity of <ennsyl.ania said a century a o0 o.ernment charity is a Nrou h contri.ance to lift from the social conscience a burden that should not be either lifted or li htened in that $ay%N

DB :rivate organi<ation" are (ey to %a#ilitating HI? treatment in $oor #ountrie" Traynor, Q% N6%'% pharmacists respond to lobal A&D' crisis%N +merican Journal of ,ealt-.!ystem P-armacy 620 no% 11 -,une 6;;9B: 110981109% C/N+,L 0it- Full Text0 :B'CE-ost -accessed ,uly 1>0 2009/%
When 'haron Connor arri.ed in :thiopia in 200+0 the blac# mar#et $as the only source of antiretro.iral therapy a.ailable to those in the country $ho $ere infected $ith 4&V% 1&t $as eye8openin to me that there $as not access to medications07 said Connor0 an assistant professor at the 6ni.ersity of <ittsbur h 'chool of <harmacy in <ennsyl.ania% 1(here $ere R o.ernment 4&VS pro"ects0 but not $here they $ere dispensin medications7 for patients infected $ith 4&V% Connor spent si= months in :thiopia as a .olunteer for Doctors Without Borders -DWB/0 a charitable or aniKation that pro.ides health care and related ser.ices to impo.erished people throu hout the $orld% While in :thiopia0 she ser.ed as an ad.ocate for DWB?s Campai n for Access to :ssential @edicines0 $hose oal is to find lon 8term0 sustainable $ays to supply essential medications to people li.in in areas $here life8sa.in dru s are too costly for much of the population% 'pecifically0 Connor $or#ed $ith representati.es from the World 4ealth Er aniKation -W4E/0 :thiopia?s dru re ulation authority0 and non o.ernment or aniKations to ne otiate the import of dru s for the treatment of 4&V0 malaria0 and #ala8aKar%

EB Ai!" lea!" to extin#tion ='e!o(un, 5% @% Eye$usi and '% A% Elu$atosin :ducational 3esearch and 3e.ie$s Vol% 2 -6/0 pp% 117812+0 ,une 6;;2 <olicy0 philosophy and peda o ical initiati.e to 4&V/A&D' education in the Di erian secondary school?s social studies
E% :% curriculum Apparently0 of the numerous ci.ic issues identified abo.e0 health care $as first mentioned either deliberately or inad.ertently% (he author thus $ishes to re ard this arran ement as a reflection of the lobal rele.ance0 and importance of ood health to humanity0 and the sur.i.al of the human race and society that is no$ bein threatened by 4&V and A&D'% &t is ho$e.er no more a ne$s that 4&V/A&D' is an issue of health concerns% &t is a perennial problem that affects all aspects of humanity -economic0 social and political/ and perhaps threatenin the e=istence of the human race% 1&t has become a critical de.elopment issue0 and the de.elopmental implications of this pandemic0 on the lobal economy and social relations are dire70 because 1&t is e=pected to re.erse the ains made in social and economic de.elopment0 and e.ery indi.idual and roup $ill be affected7 -Delson8 ($a#or0 200+/%

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WDW 2009

Charities Disad

International Charity u$ no
International Charity u$ no in "$ite o% re#e""ion & $rovi!e" a li%eline to !evelo$ing #ountrie" Hu!"on In"titute, A$ril 62th 6;;5 -nonpartisan policy research or aniKation dedicated to inno.ati.e research and analysis
that promotes lobal security0 prosperity0 and freedom%/ ;ourth Annual &nde= of 2lobal <hilanthropy and 3emittances 'ho$s <ri.ate <hilanthropy0 3emittances <ro.ide 5ifeline to De.elopin Countries Durin 3ecession/ http://$$$%hudson%or /inde=%cfmG fuseactionHpublicationIdetailsJidH6202Jpub(ypeH<hilan Accessed ,uly 120 2009 Despite the lobal recession0 pri.ate i.in and remittances are e=pected to be lifelines to help de.elopin countries $eather the economic storm0 accordin to the ne$ 2009 /ndex of Glo1al P-ilant-ro"y and (emittances published by 4udson &nstituteFs Center for 2lobal <rosperity -C2</% (he most comprehensi.e measurement of lobal pri.ate i.in 0 this yearFs /ndex sho$s that philanthropy from all de.eloped to de.elopin countries increased to AC9 billion in 2007 -latest a.ailable data/% Despite the loss of assets in 20090 i.in abroad by foundations0 corporations0 charities0 churches0 and indi.iduals is not e=pected to ta#e a sharp do$n$ard turn in 20090 accordin to /ndex analysis% 3emittancesLmoney sent from mi rants li.in in de.eloped countries bac# to their families and to$ns in the de.elopin $orldLmay be the most recession8 resilient means to help alle.iate po.erty in underde.eloped countries% (his A1C> billion sent bac# home e=ceeds o.ernment aid from de.eloped countries0 $hich totals A10+%> billion% :.en $ith the economic do$nturn0 remittances re$ 9 percent in 2009 and are e=pected to decline by less than 10 percent in 2009% (he ne$ /ndex0 officially launchin on April 270 sho$s Americans continued their enerosity in 2007% Dr% Carol Adelman0 Director of C2<0 is presentin the findin s at the Council on ;orei n 3elations in Washin ton0 DC%6%'% pri.ate philanthropy0 lar er than e.er0 totaled A+6%9 billion0 o.er one and one8half times lar er than official aid for this same period% When remittances are added to pri.ate philanthropy0 the combined totalLA11>%9 billionLis more than fi.e times official aid of A21%9 billion% (he /ndex details the pri.ate philanthropy of 6%'% foundations0 corporations0 pri.ate and .oluntary or aniKations0 .olunteers0 colle es and uni.ersities0 and reli ious con re ations% ;or the first time e.er0 the /ndex pro.ides pri.ate8 i.in data by re ion and type of acti.ity0 sho$in that Africa recei.es the lar est percent of corporations and charitiesF donations0 $hile 5atin America ets the bul# of i.in by reli ious con re ations% 2lobal enerosity is on the rise abroad in both de.eloped and de.elopin countries% (his yearFs /ndex brea#s ne$ round by documentin pri.ate i.in in ele.en de.eloped countries outside the 6nited 'tates0 identifyin a ne$ total of A12 billion for all other donors% <ri.ate i.in continues to transform the decades8old o.ernment aid architecture in other countries as $ell0 from Chinese action8star turned celebrity8philanthropist ,et 5i helpin Chinese earth*ua#e .ictims0 to (ony BlairFs charitable foundation reachin out to countries in need%

5) $er#ent o% the #a"h %lo %rom Ameri#a to !evelo$ing #ountrie" i" %rom the $rivate "e#tor & thi" "ho " no "ign o% !e#rea"ing in "$ite o% the re#e""ion Hu!"on In"titute C e n t e r % o r 7 l o b a l : r o " $ e r i t y, 6;;5* -(he Center for 2lobal <rosperity -c p/ pro.ides a
platformLthrou h conferences0 discussions0 publications0 and media appearancesLto create a$areness amon 6%'% and international opinion leaders0 as $ell as the eneral public0 about the central role of the pri.ate sector0 both for8profi t and not8for8profi t0 in the creation of economic ro$th and prosperity in the de.elopin $orld%/ 1(he &nde= of 2lobal <hilanthropy and 3emittances 20097 http://$$$%hudson%or /files/documents/&nde=O20ofO202lobalO20<hilanthropyO20andO203emittancesO202009%pdf Accessed ,uly 120 2009 Amon the hi hli hts in this0 our fourth annual Index0 are: 2lobal philanthropy0 remittances0 and pri.ate capital in.estment continued to ro$ in 20070 latest year for $hich data are a.ailable0 accountin for 9+ percent of the de.eloped $orld?s economic dealin s $ith de.elopin countriesP 2o.ernment aid continued to decline as a percent of total fi nancial fl o$s to the de.elopin $orld and is no$ do$n to 17 percentP <ri.ate fl o$s accounted for 91 percent of America?s total economic en a ement $ith de.elopin countriesP o.ernment aid accounted for only 9 percent0 do$n from 12 percent in 2006P and0 3emittances re$ in 20090 althou h at a slo$er rate than in 2007P they are e=pected to decline in 2009 -bet$een > and 9 percent/ but less drastically than other economic fl o$s to the de.elopin $orld% Despite the economic do$nturn0 $e do not e=pect the recession?s effects on international philanthropy to be as dire as some predict0 as discussed in the Index% We continue to e=amine forei n aid effecti.eness and $e loo# closely at e.ents follo$in the disasters in @yanmar and China to hi hli ht the outpourin of pri.ate assistance% We also loo# at ho$ technolo y continues to chan e international pri.ate i.in in stunnin $ays% (he Index features intri uin stories of ne$ &nternet8based i.in .entures and te=t8messa in fundraisin %

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Charities Disad

International Charity High 8o

International Ai! i" on the ri"e an! %un!" health "ervi#e", !i"a"ter relie%, re%ugee e%%ort", an! e!u#ation* Hu!"on In"titute C e n t e r % o r 7 l o b a l : r o " $ e r i t y, 6;;5* -(he Center for 2lobal <rosperity -c p/ pro.ides a
platformLthrou h conferences0 discussions0 publications0 and media appearancesLto create a$areness amon 6%'% and international opinion leaders0 as $ell as the eneral public0 about the central role of the pri.ate sector0 both for8profi t and not8for8profi t0 in the creation of economic ro$th and prosperity in the de.elopin $orld%/ 1(he &nde= of 2lobal <hilanthropy and 3emittances 20097 http://$$$%hudson%or /files/documents/&nde=O20ofO202lobalO20<hilanthropyO20andO203emittancesO202009%pdf Accessed ,uly 120 2009 &ndependent0 community0 and rant8ma#in operatin foundations in the 6nited 'tates a.e a total of A+%+ billion to de.elopin countries in 20070 accordin to ;oundation Center research conducted for the Center for 2lobal <rosperity% (his represents a three percent increase o.er a re.ised 2006 total of A+%2 billion -ori inal ;oundation Center 2006 estimates of foundation i.in $ere o.erstated due to a reportin error/% (he ;oundation Center estimate for 2007 $as based on an analysis of rants of A100000 or more a$arded by a sample of 10++9 of the lar est 6%'% foundations and on total actual i.in -includin rants of any amount/ by the more than 7>0000 rant8ma#in pri.ate and community foundations in the 6nited 'tates% 4ealth and medical ser.ices accounted for >0 percent of all international rants from 6%'% foundations0 follo$ed by economic ro$th and trade -$hich includes en.ironmental rants/ at 2> percent% Disaster relief and refu ees accounted for nine percent of rants% ,ust o.er se.en percent of international rants $ere for democracy and o.ernance% :ducation recei.ed four percent of rants and fi .e percent $ere for all other areas% A total of 69 percent of all international rants a$arded in 2007 by 6%'% foundations $ere multi8re ional rants or rants for unspecifi ed countries% Ef the remainin +2 percent0 the sin le lar est re ional recipient of 6%'% foundation money $as sub8'aharan Africa at 16 percent of rants0 follo$ed by Asia and the <acifi c at nine percent of rants0 and 5atin America and the Caribbean at fi .e percent of rants% &nternational i.in captured a lar er share of 6%'% foundation dollars in 20070 as it reached a record 2+ percent of total rant dollars a$arded0 accordin to the ;oundation Center% (he Bill and @elinda 2ates ;oundation continued to set the pace in international de.elopment and health fundin % &n 20070 ei ht of the 10 lar est foundation rants $ere made by the 2ates ;oundation%

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WDW 2009

Charities Disad

Exten"ion & 8on$ro%it" "olve AIDS

8on$ro%it organi<ation" an! volunteer" are (ey to $rovi!ing HI? treatment in SubCSaharan A%ri#a Traynor, Q% N6%'% pharmacists respond to lobal A&D' crisis%N +merican Journal of ,ealt-.!ystem P-armacy 620 no% 11 -,une 6;;9B: 110981109% C/N+,L 0it- Full Text0 :B'CE-ost -accessed ,uly 1>0 2009/%
'haron 5% Moumans0 assistant professor at the 6ni.ersity of CaliforniaL'an ;rancisco 'chool of <harmacy0 has also been bitten by the .olunteer bu % Moumans has tra.eled to @ala$i t$ice as a trustee for the 2lobal A&D' &nterfaith Alliance0 $hich supports pro rams for 4&V treatment and pre.ention and related acti.ities in sub8'aharan Africa% 'he described her tra.els for the charity as 1meetin the people and findin out $hat they needed0 "ust to ha.e a firsthand account of $hat?s happenin 7 in the li.es of @ala$ians li.in $ith 4&V% Moumans said her time in @ala$i has tau ht her that althou h most Americans understand that there is an A&D' crisis in the de.elopin $orld0 1$e really ha.e no idea7 $hat this means% 1(here?s a $hole eneration that?s been pretty much $iped out7 by the disease0 she said% (he crisis is e=acerbated by the so8called brain drain that results in medically trained @ala$ians lea.in the country for better8payin "obs in :urope and else$here0 further depletin the African nation?s health care resources%

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WDW 2009

Charities Disad

Exten"ion & AIDS Im$a#t"

AIDS S$rea! lea!" to nu#lear ar
<6B5&C 4:A5(4 A' A 25EBA5 ':C63&(M &''6:0 (+N23 CHEEK, F4(E/GN !E(5 / C E J 4 6 ( N + L / 2 E C E 7 8 E ( 6 ; ; . http://$$$%afsa%or /fs"/dec0C/Chee#%pdf A recent study by the Center for 'trate ic and &nternational 'tudies identified fi.e nations as the 1De=t Wa.e07 ripe for an e=plosion of 4&V infection rates ri.alin those of sub8'aharan Africa: Di eria and :thiopia -to ether representin o.er a *uarter of that already ra.a ed continent?s population/0 3ussia0 China and &ndia% (he last three nations0 $hich collecti.ely contain close to a third of the :arth?s population0 are all nuclear8armed countries beset $ith ethnic and social strife and burdened by economic and political pressures that threaten to erupt into internal conflict% (he addition of 4&V/A&D'0 $ith its demonstrated ability to disrupt society at all le.els0 $ill only increase the potential for re ional conflict and instability%

:reventing AIDS "$rea! out eigh" your @MD im$a#t" & it ha" (ille! %ar more $eo$le an! rea(" in!i"#riminate havo# Su!an Tribune, 6;;0 -April 100 $$$%sudantribune%com/article%php+GidIarticleH1C969/0 Dhial (itt Dhial
4&V/A&D' is a $eapon of man#ind destruction% &t has #illed more than 2> million people $orld$ide accordin to 6DA&D and W4E reports since the 1st of December 1991 $hen it $as first reco niKed% @ore than C0 million people are said to be today li.in $ith it $orld$ide% (his ma#es it the $orst recorded pandemic in the history of pandemics a ainst man#ind% &n 200> alone0 it $as reported to ha.e #illed bet$een 2%9 to +%6 million people $ith more than >7000 as children% (he reat number of these people #illed is from the sub 'aharan Africa%Who do $e call an enemyG &s it not the one that aims to destroy our e=istenceG 4&VA&D' is not only an enemy but it is also an archenemy that should be fou ht $ith bra.ery and .alor and in a soldierly manner% @an#ind has been ha.in enemies both amon themsel.es and from diseases and po.erty but there has ne.er been an enemy that pushes it to a point of e=tinction% We are s$ift to ha.e $eapons of mass destruction to fi ht enemies amon oursel.es but $e seem to fail to fi ht an archenemy that threatens our e=istence as man#ind% (his enemy #no$s neither difference bet$een blac# and $hite nor reli ion of &slam and Christianity% &t is a ainst all of us as human family% We should fi ht it $ith .i orous effort% We should be armed to teeth to fi ht it in a collecti.e and soldierly manner% We should be e=pected to be ood soldiers% A ood soldier oes to the battlefield $ith full #no$led e of the type of $eapons of his/her opponents and the $ounds that the $eapons $ill inflict on him/her% A successful and reat soldier $ill al$ays #no$ that factor and $ill al$ays try to ma#e sure that he/she is not #illed or $ounded% 4e/she protects him/herself $ith reat care and reat bra.ery $hile aimin at #illin and defeatin his/her enemy%

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AT: 7overnment Solve" AIDS

)* The government a$$aratu" %or !ealing ith HI? i" ra#i"t & $re%er gra""root" organi<ation" Bryant 6;;2
A&D' ADVECA(:' D:@ADD A<E5E2M ;E3 3AC&'( CE@@:D(' @AD: BM @:@B:3' E; (4: <3:'&D:D(&A5 ADV&'E3M CE6DC&5 ED 4&V/A&D', Larry Bryant, June 15, 2007, http://aidsblog.blogspot.com/2007/0 /aids! ad"ocates!demand!apology!#or.html Durin the <AC4A R<residential Ad.isory Council on 4&V/A&D'S @embers Epen Discussion period on the first day of a t$o8day open8to8the8public meetin at Washin ton0 D%C%Fs (Q .enue0 the con.ersation too# a surreal0 but all too common turn0 $hen 4ar.ard researcher :d$ard C% 2reen0 <h%D%0 su ested that pre.ention research and inter.entions done in Africa should be utiliKed in AmericaFs blac# communities% (he presumption that blac# people li.in in Africa and the 6%'% are indistin uishable shoc#ed the audience into stunned silence% En the sub"ect of the disproportionate incarceration rates of blac# men0 ;ran#lyn D% ,udson0 @%D%0 rationaliKed that0 Nthere are more blac#s in "ail0 since they commit more crimes%N ,udson0 $ho last year declared that sti ma NdoesnFt e=istN for 4&V positi.e people0 i nored decades of common #no$led e that blac# people recei.e disproportionately lon er sentences than $hite people% ,udson and 2reenFs remar#s are "ust the latest in a stream of seemin ly unconscious insensiti.ity and i norance in.ol.in race0 ethnic bac# round0 and se=uality% 4&V/A&D' or aniKation and rassroots leaders are raisin their .oices to counter the insensiti.ity and i norance of the councilmember remar#s% N(he racial and ethnic insensiti.ity $as deeply disturbin 0N says Donna Cre$s0 director of o.ernmental affairs at A&D' Action% N;or a statement to be said for the record that ]there are more blac#s in "ail0 since they commit more crimesF disre ards the sentencin disparities that ha.e been the norm in this country for more years than anyone $ould care to remember%N 5arry Bryant0 national field or aniKer of 4ousin Wor#s and member of the Campai n (o :nd A&D' -C2:A/0 $ho alon $ith @s% Cre$s $as present on both days of the li htly attended full Council meetin 0 says that Nblac# and 5atino men and $omen as $ell as youth are sorely underrepresented at a table $here tryin reach those communities remains a mystery%N <AC4A is predominantly $hite but is addressin an epidemic in $hich o.er 70 percent of ne$ infections are amon people of color% N(he collecti.e face of 4&V/A&D' in the 6%'% has chan ed and so should its leadership0N comments @r% Bryant

6* Mu"t re"i"t every in"tan#e o% ra#i"m or el"e e ri"( extin#tion

,oseph Barn!t0 co8director of Crossroads0 a multicultural ministry0 195)0 Dismantlin 3acism: (he Continuin Challen e to White America0 p% 1>>86 (he limitations imposed on people of color by po.erty0 subser.ience0 and po$erlessness are cruel0 inhuman0 and un"ust: the effects of uncontrolled po$er0 pri.ile e0 and reed0 $hich are the mar#s of our $hite prison0 $ill ine.itably destroy us% But $e ha.e also seen that the $alls of racism can be dismantled% We are not condemned to an ine=orable fate0 but are offered the .ision and the possibility of freedom% Bric# by bric#0 stone by stone0 the prison of indi.idual0 institutional0 and cultural racism can be destroyed% Mou and & are ur ently called to "oin the efforts of those $ho #no$ it is time to tear do$n0 once and for all0 the $alls of racism% (he dan er point of self8destruction seems to be dra$in e.en more near% (he results of centuries of national and $orld$ide con*uest and colonialism0 of military buildups and .iolent a ression0 of o.erconsumption and en.ironmental destruction may be reachin a point of no return% A small and predominately $hite minority of the lobal population deri.es its po$er and pri.ile e from the sufferin s of the .ast ma"ority of peoples of color% ;or the sa#e of the $orld and oursel.es0 $e dare not allo$ it to continue

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International Charity & Di"ea"e Mo!ule

International Charitable =rgani<ation" are (ey to $rovi!ing the me!i#ine" nee!e! to %ight !i"ea"e in !evelo$ing #ountrie" Ste$hanie Strom, 6;;0
1A 'mall Charity (a#es the 3eins &n ;i htin a De lected Disease7 ,uly +10 20060 (he De$ Mor# (imes0 'tephanie 'trom The dru that could ha.e cured @unia De.i throu h a series of cheap in"ections $as identified decades a o but then died in the research pipeline because there $as no profit in it% 'o @rs% De.i lay limp in a hospital bed here recently0 her spleen and li.er bul in from under her rib ca e as a bilious yello$ li*uid dripped into her thin arm% (he treatment she $as recei.in can be to=ic0 and it costs A>00% But it $as her best hope to cure blac# fe.er0 a disease #no$n locally as #ala aKar0 $hich #ills an estimated half8million people $orld$ide each year0 almost all of them poor li#e @rs% De.i% 'oon0 ho$e.er0 all that may chan e% A small charity based in 'an ;rancisco has conducted the medical trials needed to pro.e that the dru is safe and effecti.e% Do$ it is on the .er e of ettin final appro.al from the &ndian o.ernment% A course of treatment $ith the dru is e=pected to cost "ust A100 and e=perts say it could .irtually eliminate the disease% &f appro.al is ranted as e=pected this fall0 it $ill be the first time a charity has succeeded in usherin a dru to mar#et% (his no.el $ay of helpin people $hose needs ha.e not been met by for8profit pharmaceutical companies is ainin traction% 'e.eral partnerships are $or#in to de.elop dru s to fi ht ne lected diseases0 under$ritten by the Bill and @elinda 2ates ;oundation0 Doctors Without Borders and other roups% Another nonprofit a ency0 the Aeras 2lobal (B Vaccine ;oundation0 is searchin for a means to pre.ent tuberculosis%

An!, DISEASE IM:ACTS =1T@EI7H @AR 5auren \* A"her, 5a$ 'tudent0 CardoKo ,ournal of &nternational and Comparati.e 5a$0 'prin 0 20010 9 CardoKo ,% &ntFl J Comp%
5% 1+>0 p% 1+> (he spread of infectious disease is sur in and as it spreads0 the need for international re ulation also e=pands% (hrou hout history epidemics ha.e been responsible for millions of deaths and the number $ill undoubtedly rise0 due in part to the increasin ease and speed of international tra.el% 'tatistically0 disease is a more formidable #iller than $ar0 $ith the po$er to completely destabiliKe o.ernments%

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International Charity & 7en!er Ine,uality Mo!ule

)* International Charitie" Hel$ De#rea"e 7en!er Ine,uality An"ali Singh0 CitiKen De$s 'er.ice0 2irl 2an s With a Doble Cause0 @arch 1C0 6;;5% http://$$$%citiKen8 ne$s%or /2009/0+/ irl8 an s8$ith8noble8cause%html Accessed Enline on ,uly 1>0 2009%
(here is no po$er li#e irl po$er% (his can?t rin more true $hen it comes to empo$erin youn adolescent irls in rural &ndia% What be an as self help irl roup0 a uni*ue concept ta#en up by 6D&C:; 5uc#no$0 today is one of the most po$erful tools youn adolescent irls are usin to protect themsel.es a ainst e=ploitation and fi ht for their ri hts% Called FQishori 'abhasF or F'amuhsF these roups are so popular that they ha.e e.en mana ed to do a$ay $ith practices li#e child labor and child marria e in the .illa es% ,o0 0as t-is "ossi1le9 Accordin to e=perts at 6D&C:; and the D2Es $or#in to promote the concept0 they had "ust decided to launch it as an initiati.e to combat irl child e=ploitation % But little did they realiKe that it $ould turn out to be more than that% Dot only has Qishori 'abhas mana ed to empo$er youn .illa e lasses $ho $ere forced to li.e a life of sub"u ation by their male dominated societies but it has also turned into a role model to be replicated in most .illa es needin to be sha#en out of the orthodo= social system they are li.in by%

6* 7en!er ine,uality guarantee" extin#tion

'andra 5% Bem0 professor of $"y#hology 'e=ual &ne*uality0 p% 19>

at Cornell 6ni.ersity0 195-0 (he 5enses of 2ender: (ransformin the Debate on

&n addition to the humanist and feminist ar uments a ainst ender polariKation0 there is an o.erarchin moral ar ument that fuses the antihumanist and antifeminist aspects of ender polariKation% (he essence of this moral ar ument is that by polariKin human .alues and human e=periences into the masculine and the feminine0 ender polariKation not only helps to #eep the culture in the rip of males themsel.esP it also #eeps the culture in the rip of hi hly polariKed masculine .alues% (he moral problem here is that these hi hly polariKed masculine .alues so emphasiKe ma#in $ar o.er #eepin the peace0 ta#in ris#s o.er i.in care0 and e.en masterin nature o.er harmoniKin $ith nature that $hen allo$ed to dominate societal and e.en lobal decision ma#in 0 they create the dan er that humans $ill destroy not "ust each other in massi.e numbers but the planet%

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Charitie" Key to =ver"ea" Ai!

Charitable giving (ey to over"ea" ai! & $rivate !onation" are %ar higher than "$en!ing by 1SAID ,effrey Thoma", ,une 17th 6;;5% -'taff Writer/ 12i.in to Charity 3emains at 4i h 5e.el in 6nited 'tates7
http://$$$%america% o./st/educ8en lish/2009/,une/200906171016191C,samoh(0%60+1%html Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009 Accordin to the report0 i.in to reli ious con re ations and or aniKations L about one8half of all indi.idual i.in L actually increased 1%6 percent after ad"ustin for inflation% 6%'% reli ious or aniKations are an important source of de.elopment aid and disaster relief in the de.elopin $orld0 pro.idin more than 1%> times more aid -A+6%9 billion in 2007/ than the 6%'% o.ernment0 accordin to the 4udson &nstitute?s Center for 2lobal <rosperity -C2</0 a Washin ton research or aniKation% -'ee 1A De$ Assistance 5andscape%7/ &n \imbab$e and \ambia0 for e=ample0 the charity ;or otten Voices helps local communities care for A&D' orphans0 $hile :n ineerin @inistries &nternational pro.ides .olunteer desi ners0 en ineers and architects to $or# on infrastructure pro"ects around the $orld% When it comes to international aid0 Americans lon ha.e preferred to donate their money throu h the pri.ate sector or to pri.ate charities rather than relyin on o.ernment% (he A11>%9 billion pro.ided by pri.ate foundations0 corporations0 .oluntary or aniKations0 uni.ersities0 reli ious or aniKations and indi.idual Americans in 20070 the most current data a.ailable0 is more than fi.e times the A21%9 billion of official aid pro.ided by the 6%'% o.ernment0 accordin to C2<% <ri.ate ifts to 6%'% colle es and uni.ersities climbed in 2009 to A+1%6 billion0 the hi hest total e.er recorded0 accordin to a report released in @arch by the Council for Aid in :ducation% Accordin to the C2< report0 Americans also a.e A+%9 billion in support to students from the de.elopin $orld $ho studied in the 6nited 'tates in the 2007!2009 academic year0 a > percent increase o.er the 2006!2007 le.el%

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++6n# Mu"t Rea! & =bligation to 7ive to Charity++

In!ivi!ual" have a moral obligation to en! $overty an! %ee! the $oor by !onating to #harity Peter (inger, 7arc- :;t- 6;;5% - professor of bioethics at <rinceton 6ni.ersity/ 1America?s 'hame%7
http://chronicle%com/free/.>>/i27/27b00601%htm Accessed ,uly 1>0 2009 Ence $e and our students ha.e a better understandin of the facts about e=treme po.erty and aid0 the ne=t step is to discuss the moral implications: What obli ations do affluent people ha.e in a $orld in $hich more than a billion people li.e in e=treme po.ertyG &n my ne$ boo#0 T-e Life 3ou Can !a<e: +cting No0 to End )orld Po<erty0 & dra$ a parallel $ith a situation in $hich you come across a small child $ho has fallen into a pond and is in dan er of dro$nin % Mou #no$ that you can easily and safely rescue him0 but you are $earin an e=pensi.e pair of shoes that $ill be ruined if you do% We all thin# it $ould be seriously $ron to $al# on past the pond L in fact0 most people thin# it $ould be monstrous% Met most people donFt thin# it $ron to buy e=pensi.e shoes that they donFt need rather than i.e the money to an or aniKation that $ould put it to$ard inter.entions that could sa.e a childFs life% Althou h the parallel bet$een the t$o situations is not e=act0 e.en after e=plorin the differences0 & do not thin# $e can "ustify our sharply differin moral "ud ments% We should conclude that $hen $e can sa.e the life of an innocent human bein at a modest cost to oursel.es0 $e should do so% &f & am correct0 the .ast ma"ority of us $ho li.e in de.eloped nations are not li.in an e.en minimally decent ethical life% Almost all of us spend money on lu=uries L after all0 e.en bottled $ater is a lu=ury $hen the $ater that comes out of the tap is free% 'hould $e be spendin money on that0 and on other unnecessary items $ith much lar er price ta s0 $hen the money $e are spendin on thin s $e donFt need could sa.e a lifeG (o ans$er that *uestion0 $e and our students should read0 thin#0 and reach our o$n decisions% (here is a ro$in philosophical literature on the topic0 most of $hich a rees that $e ha.e some obli ations to the poor -althou h there is no consensus on ho$ demandin those obli ations are/% 3ele.ant boo#s include <eter Q% 6n erFs Li<ing ,ig- and Letting 2ie -E=ford 6ni.ersity <ress0 1996/P Brad 4oo#erFs /deal Code& (eal )orld -E=ford0 2000/P 5iam B% @urphyFs 7oral 2emands in Nonideal T-eory -E=ford0 2000/P 2arrett CullityFs T-e 7oral 2emands of +ffluence -E=ford0 200C/P Q$ame Anthony AppiahFs Cosmo"olitanism -Dorton0 2006/P and (homas <o eFs )orld Po<erty and ,uman (ig-ts -<olity <ress0 20020 2nd ed%0 2009/% 5ibertarians0 li#e the Canadian philosopher ,an Dar.eson0 remain outside that consensus% (hey ar ue L for e=ample0 in Dar.esonFs 200+ article NWe DonFt E$e (hem a (hin ^ A (ou h8@inded but 'oft84earted Vie$ of Aid to the ;ara$ay DeedyN L that since $e ha.e not harmed the poor0 $e ha.e no obli ation to help them% (he moral foundations of that position are difficult to s$allo$0 but e.en if $e could accept them0 the fact that climate chan e is bein caused lar ely by industrialiKed nations0 $hile the harm it causes falls predominantly on de.elopin nations0 undermines the factual basis for the claim that $e ha.e not harmed the poor0 or at least not many of them* I% e grant that the 1nite! State" ought to be giving more %oreign ai!, e "houl! be le! to give more our"elve"* That mean" rea#hing %or our #he#(boo(" an! #re!it #ar!" % Both in my boo# and on its related Web site0 http://$$$%thelifeyoucansa.e%com0 &F.e su ested a realistic standard for ho$ much $e can as# of people0 proportionate to their income% (he standard is not o.erly demandin 0 but it $ill still challen e many people L includin educators L to i.e more than they are i.in no$% 'ince our students may as# us ho$ $ell $e are li.in up to the moral ar uments $e are presentin to them0 failin to meet the challen e could lead to a$#$ard moments in class%

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AT De!u#tion" Change
The De!u#tion" #hange ha" not been ena#te! an! i" extremely un$o$ular in Congre"" Diana )urchtgott*&oth April 3rd 200 +senior fello0 and director of ,udson /nstitute=s Center for Em"loyment Policy# !-e is t-e former c-ief economist at t-e 6#!# 2e"artment of La1or#> -tt"://000#-udson#org/index#cfm9 fuseaction?"u1lication@detailsAid?B:CCA"u1Ty"e?Em"loyment
@r% Ebama?s proposal has resulted in unusual a reement bet$een charities and 3epublicans and Democrats in Con ress: all are opposed% 3abbi 'hmuel 4erKfeld of Washin ton D%C%?s Dational 'yna o ue told me in a telephone con.ersation0 1(he people $ho are oin to be hurt most are the poor people $ho benefit from charities% (here has to be some better $ay of ettin money for health care than from the charities%7 Accordin to 'enate ;inance Committee Chairman @a= Baucus0 a @ontana Democrat0 in a hearin on @arch C0 1&?m a little ! especially concerned about the 29 percent limitation0 $hich has nothin to do $ith health careT &?m $onderin about the .iability of that pro.ision%7 'enate 3epublican 5eader @itch @cConnell of Qentuc#y said0 1(his plan to disincenti.iKe charitable i.in is $ron % And many of us on both sides of the aisle $ill be $or#in hard to ma#e sure it doesn?t become la$% Con ress should preser.e the full deduction for charitable donations and loo# for additional $ays to encoura e charitable i.in 0 not discoura e it%7 6nder the la$ no$0 if a ta=payer in the +> percent federal ta= brac#et i.es A10000 to charity0 he can subtract the A10000 from his ta=able income0 reducin his total ta= bill by A+>0% (he after8ta= cost of his ift is A6>0% -3elief from state income ta=es mi ht brin the net cost still lo$er%/ &f the .alue of the deduction is limited to 29 percent0 then the after8ta= cost of the ift rises to A720% (he net result $ill be diminished i.in %

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AT: Re#e""ion Kill" 8on$ro%it"

E#onomi# Re#e""ion 7oo! %or 8on$ro%it" & ma(e" them even more e%%i#ient
@harton S#hool E;5
F@ustaches for QidsF: Charities Adopt <ri.ate 'ector @odels to (ap De$ ;unds: Qno$led e[Wharton -http://#no$led e%$harton%upenn%edu/article%cfmGarticleidH2271/0 ,une 2C0 2009

4e notes an irony in the timin % As the current economic slump re.ealed the peril of e=cessi.e short8term thin#in in the pri.ate sector0 corporations are be innin to ac#no$led e the importance of other attributes0 such as lon 8term reputational .alue% @ean$hile0 the do$nturn has forced socially oriented institutions to loo# to$ard more businessli#e solutions to help them a.oid continued cyclicality and con.ince contributors that their dollars are bein spent $isely% NWhile some may call po.erty or illiteracy Fsocial problems0F they also represent a mar#et failure0N 4osana ar says% N&n this conte=t0 social businesses ha.e a role to play and the recession only adds to this% &f an or aniKation is lean and sustainable0 it $ill be more appealin Rto fundersS%N While o.ernment has been assi ned a role re ardin many public issues0 4osana ar ar ues that o.ernment should ne.er be e=pected to cure all of societyFs ills% :.en thou h e=cessi.e pro8mar#et philosophy has fallen out of fa.or lately0 mar#ets are self8correctin o.er time and they can pro.ide lon 8term0 sustainable solutions0 he notes% As a result0 mar#et8oriented ideas ha.e attracti.e properties that could be adapted to social problems%

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AT: :lan boo"t" Civil So#iety

Civil "o#iety #annot be #oer#e! by the "tate Charles Hau"", Director of <olicy and 3esearch at 'earch for Common 2round 6'A and <rofessor at 2eor e @ason 6ni.ersity0 Ci.il 'ociety0 Au ust 6;;-% http://$$$%beyondintractability%or /essay/ci.ilIsociety/ Accessed Enline on ,uly 1+0 2009%
All obser.ers a ree that ci.il society refers to <oluntary participation by a.era e citiKens and thus does not include beha.ior imposed or e.en coerced by the state% ;or some obser.ers0 it only includes political acti.ity en a ed in throu h nonprofit or aniKations such as non o.ernmental or aniKations -D2Es/% At the other end of the spectrum0 some obser.ers include all forms of .oluntary participation0 $hether in the public or pri.ate sector0 political or apolitical% Ci.il society includes not "ust the indi.iduals $ho participate0 but the institutions they participate in88sometimes called Nci.il society or aniKationsN or NC'Es%N % (hus0 ci.il society is stron to the de ree that those C'Es are lar e and po$erful% A ci.ic culture is one in $hich most people thin# their o.ernment is le itimate and that their institutions -if not the leaders at any particular moment/ can be trusted% 'ocial capital is the human e*ui.alent of economic capital% &t is an intan ible resource accumulated by ci.il society that can be e=pended $hen a society finds itself in crisis0 as some ar ue occurred in the 6nited 'tates after 'eptember 11%

State" #anDt %o"ter #ivil "o#iety Charles 4auss0 Director of <olicy and 3esearch at 'earch for Common 2round 6'A and <rofessor at 2eor e @ason 6ni.ersity0 Ci.il 'ociety0 Au ust 200+% http://$$$%beyondintractability%or /essay/ci.ilIsociety/ Accessed Enline on ,uly 1+0 2009% En one le.el0 it is hard for states to foster ci.il society% As most of the scholars ha.e $ritten on the sub"ect point out0 states by their nature are coerci.e bodies% 'ometimes that coercion is relati.ely beni n 88 donFt dri.e o.er the speed limit0 donFt drin# alcohol before you turn 210 pay your ta=es on time% 'ometimes the coercion can be brutal as is the case in a totalitarian re ime% But there al$ays is a de ree of force in the Nstate8societyN relationship%

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AT: >e! 7ov goo! & uni%ormity

S#hambra, William% 6;;2% -director of the 4udson &nstituteFs Bradley Center for <hilanthropy and Ci.ic 3ene$al/ 1Donprofits0
;oundations0 and the ;uture of American Democracy7 http://pcr%hudson%or /inde=%cfmG fuseactionHpublicationIdetailsJidHC90>Jpub(ypeH<C3IArticles Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009 &t $ould be difficult to o.erstate ho$ important to (oc*ue.ille $ere ci.ic associations0 or $hat $e today call nonprofits% N&n democratic countries0N he noted0 Nthe science of association is the mother science0 the pro ress of all others depends on the pro ress of that one%N WhyG Because he feared that0 in the ne$ a e of materialism and indi.idualism0 people $ere all too inclined to retreat into the pri.acy of their o$n li.es0 to ha.e less and less contact $ith others0 and so miss out on the mutual interaction and friction that compel us to de.elop more fully as human bein s% 4e foresa$ those .ast social forces that $ould try to push us apart today% (hose forces $ould pose a reat threat not "ust to public life0 in his .ie$0 but to our .ery humanity% As he put it0 Nsentiments and ideas rene$ themsel.es0 the heart is enlar ed0 and the human mind is de.eloped only by the reciprocal action of men upon one another%N 'o some means must be found to dra$ indi.iduals out of their isolation0 into mutual ci.ic en a ement% And a primary means to accomplish this0 for (oc*ue.ille0 $as local ci.ic association% 4ere0 indi.iduals $ould come to ether $ith their nei hbors and learn to deliberate0 to reason0 to ar ue0 to compromise0 to or aniKe0 around matters that $ere of immediate concern to them% &t $as important that these not be rand and abstract national issues0 incidentally0 but rather local and immediate problems0 because it $as only thereby that people could see0 as he put it0 Na ti ht bond that unites a particular interest to the eneral interest%N By Nchar in citiKens $ith the administration of small affairs % % % one interests them in the public ood and ma#es them see the need they constantly ha.e for one another in order to produce it%N Do$0 (oc*ue.ille embraced this .ision of self8 o.ernance e.en thou h he #ne$ that the public $or#s comin out of the process $ere often pretty crude and amateurish% NEne must not see# in the 6nited 'tates uniformity and permanence of .ie$s0 minute care of details0N RorS perfection of administrati.e procedures0N he confessed% And he #ne$ that in the future0 democratic citiKens $ould be tempted to turn a$ay from this sloppy0 uncertain processLto imitate instead the centraliKed ;rench system of his day0 administered by trained bureaucrats or professional mana ers0 because the end result $as much neater0 more efficient0 more cost8effecti.e% As he noted0 Na .ery ci.iliKed society tolerates only $ith difficulty the trials of freedomN in local association0 because it is Nre.olted at the si ht of its numerous lapses and despairs of success before ha.in attained the final result%N But for (oc*ue.ille0 the cause of self8 o.ernment $as $ell $orth the price of crudeness and clumsiness% Eur .ery humanity0 in his .ie$0 depends on our mi=in it up $ith each other o.er ho$ $e should mana e our o$n local affairsLar uin $ith and finally accommodatin the .ie$s of others0 mana in or aniKations by oursel.es e.en if it means that $e constantly rein.ent the $heel% Were (oc*ue.ille to .isit Chebea ue &sland today0 he $ould understand completely and applaud enthusiastically the efforts of its citiKens0 e.en if they did i.e him a hard time about bein an off8islander%

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AT: =ur :lan hel$ non$ro%it"

7overnment %un!ing to non$ro%it" un!ermine" $ubli# #on%i!en#e in $rivate #harity William A% S#hambra 6;;9 is the director of 4udson &nstituteFs Bradley Center for <hilanthropy and Ci.ic 3ene$al% 3estorin
<ublic Confidence in the Donprofit 'ector http://pcr%hudson%or /inde=%cfmG fuseactionHpublicationIdetailsJidHC0++Jpub(ypeH<C3IArticles Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009 As e.eryone #no$s0 the lar est nonprofits today ha.e also come to rely hea.ily on o.ernment fundin % Conse*uently0 as they see# to comply $ith a stiflin $eb of re ulations0 nonprofits be in to ta#e on the trappin s of distant and unpopular o.ernment bureaucracies% (hey also come to ha.e 88 not to put too fine a point on it 88 a .ested interest in sustained and increasin le.els of o.ernment ta=in and spendin % (he leadership of the nonprofit sector no$ sees its fate as ine=tricably lin#ed to that of bi o.ernment0 and has become e.er more openly committed to fi htin on its behalf% As &ndependent 'ector president Diana A.i. put it in her inau ural address: 1We should be fi htin for substantial and sustainable support from the federal o.ernment and the states % % % $hether that includes rollin bac# the massi.e ta= cuts of recent years or increasin public re.enues in some other $ay%7 Whate.er the substanti.e merits of such proposals0 $eddin one?s o$n credibility to that of bi o.ernment at least doubles the 8 force dra in a ainst efforts to buoy public confidence in the sector%

7overnment involvement in #haritie" un!ermine" their e%%e#tivene"" an! re!ire#t" their intere"t" %rom the i""ue" at han! to a!mini"trative %un#tion"
@ichael D% (anner0 director of health and $elfare studies at the Cato &nstitute0 1;aith8Based Charities on the ;ederal DoleG7 The Cato In"titute0 ,anuary +10 6;;)0 http://$$$%cato%or /pubIdisplay%phpGpubIidHC+9C0 -Accessed ,uly 120 2009/ '%D%

Do one denies that $rivate #haritie"0 especially faith8based ones0 #an tran"%orm live" an! hel$ li%t $eo$le out o% $overty an! !e"$air% &ndeed, pri%ate charities are more effecti%e than go%ernment welfare programs in fulfilling these roles# &t seems natural0 therefore0 for <resident Bush to $ant to encoura e these roups% But in mixing government an! #harity0 he ri"(" un!ermining the thing" that have ma!e $rivate #harity e%%e#tive* 7overnment "tan!ar!" an! regulation" inten!e! to en"ure a##ountability an! ,uality #are are attached to o.ernment rants and contracts% &n the end0 $hat these rules en"ure is nothin more than a"te an! ma'or hea!a#he" %or faith8based #haritie"% Charities $ill ha.e to pro.e that they are not usin o.ernment funds for proselytiKin and other e=clusi.ely reli ious acti.ities% (hat means government regulator" ill be "noo$ing through their boo(", #he#(ing %or #om$lian#e % (he potential for o.ernment meddlin is reat% But even i% the regulation i" not abu"e!, it ill re,uire a re!ire#tion o% "#ar#e re"our#e" a ay %rom #haritable a#tivitie" an! to ar! a!mini"trative %un#tion"* =%%i#ial" o% the"e #haritie" may en! u$ "$en!ing more time rea!ing the >e!eral Regi"ter than the Bible*

>e!eral Intervention i" #ontra!i#tory to the nature o% #harity an! #au"e" #haritie" to %o#u" on %e!eral "u$$ort a" o$$o"e! to "olving "o#ietal i""ue"
@ichael D% (anner0 director of health and $elfare studies at the Cato &nstitute0 1;aith8Based Charities on the ;ederal DoleG7 The Cato In"titute0 ,anuary +10 6;;)0 http://$$$%cato%or /pubIdisplay%phpGpubIidHC+9C0 -Accessed ,uly 120 2009/ '%D%

There i" a more $ro%oun! threat to the i!entity an! mi""ion o% these #haritie"* I% the hi"tory o% el%are $rove" anything, it i" that government money i" a" a!!i#tive a" any nar#oti# % &ronically0 therefore0 given that many $rivate #haritie" are !e!i#ate! to %ighting el%are !e$en!en#y, government %un!ing may ,ui#(ly be#ome a "our#e o% !e$en!en#y %or the #haritie" them"elve"* 4obbying %or, "e#uring, an! retaining that %un!ing #an be#ome the organi<ationH" to$ $riority% @any of our lar est charities0 such as Catholic Charities0 5utheran 'ocial 'er.ices and the ,e$ish ;ederations0 already recei.e more money from the o.ernment than from pri.ate donations% (hese roups also run lar e professional lobbyin machines in Washin ton% &n many $ays they ha.e become another special interest at the trou h of federal lar ess% 'urely0 e !o not ant to $ut #haritie" on the !ole* >urthermore, government %un!ing i" antitheti#al to the nature o% #harity* A%ter all, the e""en#e o% $rivate #harity i" it" voluntaryMnot #oer#e!Mnature* &ndi.iduals help one another throu h lo.e of nei hbor% (a= money is based on coercion% (here is neither compassion nor lo.e behind a rant of money forcibly ta#en from ta=payers $ho may ha.e no desire to support the charity in *uestion% (here is no reason to ta#e these ris#s% :rivate #harity i" thriving in Ameri#a* @e are the mo"t generou" nation on earth* Every year, Ameri#an" #ontribute more than N)9; billion to #harity* In a!!ition, more than hal% o% all Ameri#an a!ult" $er%orm volunteer or(* That time an! e%%ort i" orth more than another N6;; billion* An! that !oe" not in#lu!e the #ountle"" !ollar" an! time given to %amily member", neighbor" an! other" out"i!e the %ormal #harity "y"tem* A %e extra !ollar" %rom @a"hington ill a!! little to thi" ama<ing "u##e"" "tory* @r% <resident0 $rivate #harity i" a goo! i!ea* But $lea"e !onHt ma(e a %e!eral $rogram out o% it*
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Channeling more government money to "o#ial "ervi#e" ma(e" #haritie" vulnerable to %un!rai"ing "#am"
:erry E;5 ;ebruary 260 2009 1EbamaFs <lan to 3educe Charitable Deductions for the Wealthy Dra$s Criticism7 'uKanne <erry http://philanthropy%com/ne$s/updates/inde=%phpGidH72CC Michael W. Peregrine, a lawyer in Chicago who advises nonprofit groups, says charities are now facing a triple play that could cut into their donations the bad economy, the proposed charitable-deduction limits, and proposals by President Obama to end tax cuts for wealthy people that were introduced by President Bush. He says he worries that charities that are hurting for donations will become more vulnerable to fund-raising scams. What is certain is that the perception that this will reduce charitable donations in the short term is going to draw out the fraudsters, he says. Republicans who oppose President Obamas budget proposal have also taken aim at the charitable-deduction measure. During this difficult time, charities provide vital support mechanisms for families in need of help, and this budget is a direct assault on the financial resources they require, Eric Cantor of Virginia, the House Republican whip, said in a statement.

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>e! A#tion Ba!

Ebama?s public ser.ice promises #ills .olunteerism Brian Bro$n0 (he 4erita e ;oundation0 (he Death of <ublic 'er.ice: 'er.e America Act 'ends Volunteerism to 4oo.er.ille0 @arch 200 2009% http://$$$%herita e%or /research/thou ht/$m2+>1%cfm Accessed Enline on ,uly 120 2009%
Voluntary ser.ice0 accordin to .irtually e.ery <resident since the early 20th century0 has been a .ital factor in AmericaFs success% &t pro.ided the round$or# from $hich 1+ disparate colonies could ro$ into a mi hty nation% &t sur.i.ed centuries of $ars0 depressions0 and partisan politics% But today it is dead% 'o implies the 'er.e America Act -'% 277/% 'er.e America is the 'enateFs attempt to turn into reality <resident EbamaFs campai n promises about public ser.ice% 'ince the campai n0 Ebama has described these promises as the start of a ne$ era of selflessness and ci.ic responsibility% But in practice0 the bill -and its 4ouse companion0 the 2enerations &n.i oratin Volunteerin and :ducation Act0 or 2&V:/ hear#ens bac# to an old era and to the old ideas of someone Con ress should hesitate to mimic in a recession: 4erbert 4oo.er%

;ederal action #ills public ser.ice Brian Bro$n0 (he 4erita e ;oundation0 (he Death of <ublic 'er.ice: 'er.e America Act 'ends Volunteerism to 4oo.er.ille0 @arch 200 2009% http://$$$%herita e%or /research/thou ht/$m2+>1%cfm Accessed Enline on ,uly 120 2009% (hese oals are important0 because they hi hli ht the billFs real statement about public ser.ice0 the one that has lur#ed in the <residentFs rhetoric since the campai n: that public ser.ice cannot meet its ob"ecti.es88and may not e.en be able to sur.i.e88$ithout federal fundin % &t seems that $ithout Washin tonFs assistance and coordination0 people li#e 'enator QennedyFs youn friend $ill ne.er be as#ed to ser.e their country88indeed0 the implication of the personFs statement is that in.ol.ement in a federal pro ram is $hat constitutes ser.in oneFs country% &f Con ress belie.es that public ser.ice can only sur.i.e as a o.ernment8funded "ob0 it is indeed dead% ;ederal action in the public sector leads to an economic collapse Brian Bro$n0 (he 4erita e ;oundation0 (he Death of <ublic 'er.ice: 'er.e America Act 'ends Volunteerism to 4oo.er.ille0 @arch 200 2009% http://$$$%herita e%or /research/thou ht/$m2+>1%cfm Accessed Enline on ,uly 120 2009% ;or all his faults0 4oo.er #ne$ there $as a difference bet$een "u1lic ser.ice and go<ernment ser.ice0 and he sou ht to #eep the former ali.e and $ell $hile usin the latter to help re.i.e a stru lin economy% Met his approach failed to stop the slide into depression% -&n fact0 4oo.erFs o.erall efforts are enerally credited $ith $orsenin the problem%/ @ean$hile0 by lin#in public ser.ice $ith o.ernment dependency0 4oo.er opened the door for the possible death of .olunteerism% (odayFs con ressional leaders are fond of comparin todayFs economic situation to the 2reat Depression% Do they really $ant to imitate this 4oo.er idea to try to et America out of the current crisisG

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Charitie" Better than >e! & 7eneri#

:eo$le are all !i%%erent an! only $rivate #haritie" are able to #ater to all o% our !i%%erent nee!" Ial"o an an" er to uni%ormityB
<ete du <ont0 14elpin the <oor: Washin ton Welfare or <ri.ate Charities07 8ational Center %or :oli#y Analy"e"0 Ectober 260 19590 http://$$$%ncpa%or /commentaries/helpin 8the8poor8$ashin ton8$elfare8or8pri.ate8charities0 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/

@hat oul! you thin( o% a !o#tor ho $re"#ribe! the "ame treatment to every "i#( $er"on he treate!, hether the $atient ha! a #ol! or lung #an#erO Pet, i"nHt that the ay e han!le el%are to!ayO The %ourthCgeneration el%are mother, the e!u#ate! $er"on tem$orarily on har! time", the !rug a!!i#t, the man ho i" "im$ly in#a$able o% hol!ing a 'ob C theyHre all treate! $retty mu#h the "ame by %e!eral el%are $oli#y* But they arenHt the "ame* TheyHre more than #a"e number"L they are $eo$le, in!ivi!ual"% Dot surprisin ly0 a comprehensi.e study by @ary ,o Bane and Da.id :ll$ood of 4ar.ard 6ni.ersity found that poor people are "ust as di.erse as nonpoor people% (hey ha.e di.erse reasons for bein poor and respond to di.erse incenti.es% 'o "ust as in medicine0 the better the pro.ider #no$s the recipient0 the more li#ely that $elfare funds $ill be spent in a $ay that benefits both the indi.idual and the community% 2i.in bloc# rants to the states to handle their o$n $elfare pro rams is a step in the ri ht direction0 but it only transfers $elfare responsibility from a federal bureaucrat to a state bureaucrat% A much more fundamental #hange i" nee!e!* @e mu"t brea( %ree o% the i!ea that only government C at hatever level, %e!eral, "tate or lo#al C hol!" the an" er to "o#ial $roblem"* 7enerally itH" not "o* It #ertainly i"nHt "o in the #a"e o% el%are* Thirty year" o% ex$erien#e an! "#holarly "tu!ie" #on%irm that the #urrent el%are "y"tem !i"#ourage" or( an! en#ourage" !e$en!en#y, "ingle motherhoo! an! the brea(u$ o% %amilie"* :eo$le may #om$lain about the monetary #o"t, but the real #o"t i" the "o#ial an! $"y#hologi#al #o"t in live" !amage! or !e"troye!, #hil!ren !e$rive! o% o$$ortunity, in#rea"e! #rime an! violen#e, an! the #reation o% a $ermanent un!er#la"" o% $eo$le ith no ho$e* @here el%are i" #on#erne!, there i" alrea!y a better an" er than government $rogram"* There i" mounting evi!en#e that $rivate #haritie" !o a better 'ob o% getting ai! to tho"e ho nee! it mo"t, en#ouraging "el%C"u%%i#ien#y an! "el%Crelian#e, "trengthening the %amily unit, an! u"ing re"our#e" e%%i#iently* :rivate #haritable e%%ort" are not in"igni%i#ant: In )55), $rivate #haritie" $rovi!e! more than N);; billion in #a"h an! N20 billion in volunteere! time %or health, e!u#ation, an! el%are*

:rivate Charity Solve" better & le"" re! ta$e an! more %lexibility @ichael Tanner -'enior ;ello$ at (he Cato &nstitute/0 Cato &nstitute0 12o.ernment failure0 pri.ate success70 http://$$$%cato%or /pubIdisplay%phpGpubIidHC9270 !e"t# $%& 6;;9*
(he former is charity 8 the latter is not% @oreo.er0 pri.ate charity has lon been reco niKed as more effecti.e and efficient than o.ernment $elfare pro rams% 5ocal churches and community roups are the best positioned to understand the needs in their respecti.e areas0 and can direct money or ser.ices to $here they are most useful% <ri.ate charities are enerally far more fle=ible than o.ernment a encies0 $hich are fre*uently bo ed do$n in red tape and re ulations% ,ust as# yourself0 $ho has done a better "ob at timely and effecti.e response0 ;:@A or the American 3ed CrossG (his is not to say that o.ernment has no role in dealin $ith a disaster li#e Qatrina% ;rom policin to search and rescue to infrastructure repair0 the o.ernment has and $ill continue to be acti.e% But there is a dan er in turnin to the o.ernment too *uic#ly or too often%

Charitie" are better than the government %or a $lethora o% rea"on" Arnold Kling, CA(E &nstitute0 6;;00 accessed ,uly 1>0 20090 @: 15ibertarianism and <o.erty7 http://$$$%cato%or /pubIdisplay%phpGpubIidH6C++
(he 3ole of Charitable Er aniKations Charitable or aniKations are better than o.ernment as a source of aid% ;irst0 it is easier for donors to hold charitable or aniKations accountable than it is for ta=payers to hold o.ernment accountable% A failed o.ernment pro ram can o on fore.er% An ineffecti.e charity has a more difficult time obtainin fundin % Charitable or aniKations tend to be more Nhands8onN $ith the needy than are o.ernment or aniKations% ;or e=ample0 althou h & cannot say that & am particularly happy that my dau hter .olunteered to o on a pro"ect $ith this or aniKation0 it clearly is oin to put her in direct contact $ith poor people0 $hich is better than oin on an international NmissionN $here you stay in C8star hotels% (hose or aniKations that $or# directly $ith poor people stand a better chance of learnin ho$ to meet their needs than people $ho lobby in Washin ton on behalf of the poor% Don o.ernmental or aniKations $ill tend to be more inno.ati.e% (hey can be leaner0 and they can operate $ith $hat the military $ould call a hi h Ntooth to tailN ratio% Charitable or aniKations are better suited to dealin $ith the patholo y of po.erty% When people C2/67

WDW 2009 Charities Disad et chec#s from the o.ernment0 they tend to thin# of this as an entitlement% (hey are ettin money in e=chan e for doin nothin % (hey learn that this is ho$ you et money 88 you ta#e it from others% (a#in money from others is $hat criminals do% <roducti.e people et money from other people by e=chan in somethin of .alue% Charities are in a position to demand somethin of .alue from their clients0 e.en if that Nsomethin N is nothin more than a human N(han# you%N Charities are also in a position to set the terms under $hich their clients recei.e aid and to cut off clients $ho fail to comply $ith those terms% Charities can be fle=ible in ho$ they handle indi.iduals% Ene person may need transportation to a "ob% Another person may need dru rehabilitation% With hands8on in.ol.ement and $ith fle=ibility0 charitable or aniKations are more li#ely to disco.er solutions to the patholo ies of po.erty% Charitable or aniKations are fla$ed0 to be sure% En a.era e0 & thin# that profitable companies are better mana ed than nonprofits% But e.ery or aniKation has its fla$s0 and charitable or aniKations are less fla$ed than o.ernment alternati.es% &n fact0 & thin# that one of the factors that inhibits the effecti.eness of D2EFs is that many of them are dependent on o.ernment rants for support% (his forces the D2E to put much of its effort into satisfyin the bureaucrats $ho pro.ide the fundin % (hat re*uires resources and s#ill sets that ha.e nothin to do $ith sol.in the problems of people in need%

7overnment "o#ial "ervi#e $rogram" "$en! ine%%i#iently rather than #hanneling money to tho"e mo"t in nee!
Blan#hette E;2 1(he 'hortcomin s of 2o.ernment Charity7 ,ude Blanchette U @ay 2007 U Volume: >7 U &ssue: C http://$$$%thefreemanonline%or /featured/the8shortcomin s8of8 o.ernment8charity/ 5i#e any other o.ernment monopoly -public schools0 the post office/0 public charity is insulated from competition and financial loss0 and thus inefficient spendin is ine.itable% &ndeed0 bureaucrats ha.e an incenti.e to recruit recipients in order to "ustify bi er bud ets% With the need to control costs diminished0 aid can be handed out re ardless of conditions or situations facin potential recipients% By $ay of comparison0 pri.ate charities0 churches0 and mutual8aid societies are faced $ith economic realities and must attempt to decide $ho truly merits aid0 as $ell as ho$ to best brin about the recipient?s economic independence% An admittedly sub"ecti.e process0 this helps to eliminate freeloaders0 thus allo$in more resources to be directed to the deser.in poor% As la$ professor 3ichard A% :pstein $rites in Princi"les for a Free !ociety: 1'ince charitable bud ets $ereLas they are todayLlimited0 if not fi=ed0 a primary concern $as ho$ to ma=imiKe the benefits o.er all the indi ent: that is0 ho$ to pre.ent scarce resources from bein drained off by those $ho $ere not really needy or $ho had0 in fact0 resources of their o$nP and then to channel those resources to those $ho $ere most in need%7

Community organi<ation" "olve be"t an! are mo"t tailore! to in!ivi!ual nee!", %urthermore gra""root" or( tea#he" the "(ill" o% !emo#ra#y S#hambra, @illiam* 6;;3* -director of the 4udson &nstituteFs Bradley Center for <hilanthropy and Ci.ic 3ene$al/ 1(he
6n odly Bri ht: 'hould they 5ead <hilanthropy into the ;utureG7 http://$$$%hudson%or /inde=%cfmG fuseactionHpublicationIdetailsJidH>+72Jpub(ypeH4&IArticles Accessed ,uly 120 2009 <erhaps foundations $ishin to pursue an alternati.e to leadership by the un odly bri ht could build their i.in instead s*uarely on (oc*ue.ille?s insi ht% (hey could redirect fundin to pro rams that ori inate $ith the .ie$s of citiKens at the rassroots0 $ith their understandin of the problems they face0 and ho$ they $ish to o about addressin them% 'olutions tailored by citiKens $ho actually li.e $ith the problems are more li#ely to be effecti.e for their o$n nei hborhoods% Community o$nership insures that these approaches $ill be supported and sustained o.er the lon haul0 rather than pro.o#in the sort of resistance that often reets pro rams desi ned by remote e=perts and 1parachuted7 into nei hborhoods% <erhaps most important0 the process of formulatin and proposin solutions to their o$n problems culti.ates in citiKens the s#ills essential to democratic self8 o.ernanceLthe ability at first to endure0 but finally perhaps to relish0 the messy0 ritty process of deliberatin 0 ar uin 0 and compromisin demanded by American democracy?s con.iction that all citiKens are to be treated $ith di nity and respect% (his is at some remo.e0 indeed0 from Warren Buffett?s preference for a #ind of philanthropy that $ould insulate him from bein 1too in.ol.ed $ith a lot of people & $ouldn?t $ant to be in.ol.ed $ith and Rha.in S to listen to more opinions than & $ould en"oy%7

Charitie" "olve better than government a$$roa#he" & rather than merely $rovi!ing el%are, #haritie" $rovi!e the hel$ that $eo$le ant S#hambra, William% 6;;3% -director of the 4udson &nstituteFs Bradley Center for <hilanthropy and Ci.ic 3ene$al/ 1Are Charitable
Dollars 2ettin Where (heyFre Deeded @ostG7 http://$$$%hudson%or /inde=%cfmG fuseactionHpublicationIdetailsJidH>907Jpub(ypeH4&IArticles Accessed ,uly 120 2009 Communities in po.erty are full of $isdom about their o$n problems and ho$ to sol.e them0 thou h that $isdom often ma#es no sense to the e=perts% ;or instance0 indi.iduals in lo$8income households tend to i.e disproportionately and enerously to reli ious institutions% When $e $ish to caution others a ainst hi h hopes for pri.ate charity as an essential $ay to deal $ith our problems0 $e C+/67

WDW 2009 Charities Disad tend to say0 Nand remember that a lot of it oes to reli ious institutionsN ! as if it $ere simply scattered out the $indo$0 as if $e needed further proof of our bias a ainst immediate needs charity and to$ard e=pert8dri.en ser.ice deli.ery% But $hat if the poor are tellin us somethin about $hat they truly $ant0 $ith this i.in G <erhaps theyFre sayin 0 $ith their o$n scarce dollars0 that they donFt particularly .alue deli.ery of professional ser.ices by outside e=perts as much as those e=perts do% 3ather0 they .alue abo.e all the creation of their o$n ti htly #nit spiritual and moral communities $ithin $hich they may find a sense of purpose and belon in P $here their li.es0 ho$e.er hard0 are i.en a deeper meanin P and $here they can raise children $ith the ambition and character to capitaliKe on opportunities they themsel.es may ha.e been denied% We e=perts pay no attention to this .ie$0 because it appears to us e=cessi.ely passi.e and resi ned% &t offends our professional con.iction that human sufferin can be fully understood and decisi.ely mastered by the secular sciences% But it is a .ie$ that should be consulted if $e $ish to direct our charitable dollars accordin to the needs of the poor as they themsel.es define them

:rivate #haritie" are better than government el%are "in#e they have le"" regulation" an! truly #are about tho"e they "erve
3e.% 3obert A% Siri#o0 president of the Acton &nstitute0 14o$ Can Welfare 3eform &mpro.eG7 Action &nstitute0 Au ust 10 6;;)0 http://$$$%acton%or /commentary/commentaryIC>%php0 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/

7overnment $rogram" be#ame ri!!le! ith bureau#ra#y an! regulation, $romoting an in%lexible a$$roa#h that %orgot human nee!" hile merely "hi%ting ealth %rom #la"" to #la""* <ope ,ohn <aul && too# note of this in 19910 $hen he $rote of ho$ the $elfare state drains human ener y from a society% Tax$ayer" %in! the ex$en"e intolerable, the a!mini"trative bureau#ra#y gro " ever bigger an! !e"$oti#, an! the re#i$ient" %in! them"elve" tra$$e! in a #y#le o% !e$en!en#y* 7overnment $rogram" #on#entrate mainly on maintaining in#ome an! bene%it"* The !o n"i!e i" thi" #reate" an uninten!e! in#entive to "tay on the $rogram"* The"e $rogram" are ex$en"ive, an! mi!!leCin#ome tax$ayer" re"ent the !egree to hi#h they are involuntarily taxe! to "u$$ort them* In thi" re"$e#t, $rivate el%are i" !i%%erent* :rovi!er" %o#u" on $rovi!ing genuine hel$ that #on"i!er" the uni,ue "ituation o% the in!ivi!ual or %amily in nee!* 1n!erlying #au"e" are a!!re""e!* De$en!en#y i" not $romote! but !i"#ourage!* &n faith8based institutions0 the or(er" them"elve" are illing to go to great length" to ma(e extra "a#ri%i#e" be#au"e they are motivate! by high i!eal"* Attentive $rivate #haritie" #an better gauge the nee!" o% tho"e they "erve an! a""i"t them in %in!ing ay" out o% $overty an! !e"$air, a!!re""ing both "$iritual an! %inan#ial barrier"* An! at la"t, thi" %a#t i" being re%le#te! in the !ebate be%ore Congre""*

:rivate #harity "olve" better than el%are $rogram" & they #an be tailore! to the nee!" o% in!ivi!ual $eo$le an! avoi! !ehumani<ing the $oor @ichael Tanner, )550* 'director of health and $elfare studies at the Cato &nstitute/ (e"lacing )elfare#*
http://$$$%cato%or /pubs/policyIreport/cpr819n681%html Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009 <ri.ate efforts ha.e been much more successful than the federal o.ernmentFs failed attempt at charity% America is the most enerous nation on earth% Americans already contribute more than A12> billion annually to charity% &n fact0 more than 9> percent of all adult Americans ma#e some charitable contribution each year% &n addition0 about half of all American adults perform .olunteer $or#P more than 20 billion hours $ere $or#ed in 1991% (he dollar .alue of that .olunteer $or# $as more than A176 billion% Volunteer $or# and cash donations combined brin American charitable contributions to more than A+00 billion per year0 not countin the countless dollars and time i.en informally to family members0 nei hbors0 and others outside the formal charity system% <ri.ate charities ha.e been more successful than o.ernment $elfare for se.eral reasons% ;irst0 pri.ate charities are able to indi.idualiKe their approach to the circumstances of poor people in $ays that o.ernments can ne.er do% 2o.ernment re ulations must be desi ned to treat all similarly situated recipients ali#e% 2lenn C% 5oury of Boston 6ni.ersity e=plains the difference bet$een $elfare and pri.ate charities on that point% NBecause citiKens ha.e due process ri hts $hich cannot be fully abro ated % % % public "ud ments must be made in a manner that can be defended after the fact0 sometimes e.en in court%N (he result is that most o.ernment pro rams rely on the simple pro.ision of cash or other oods and ser.ices $ithout any attempt to differentiate bet$een the needs of recipients% (a#e0 for e=ample0 the case of a poor person $ho has a "ob offer% But she canFt et to the "ob because her car battery is dead% A o.ernment $elfare pro ram can do nothin but tell her to $ait t$o $ee#s until her $elfare chec# arri.es% Ef course0 by that time the "ob $ill be one% A pri.ate charity can simply o out and buy a car battery -or e.en "ump8start the dead battery/% (he sheer siKe of o.ernment pro rams $or#s a ainst indi.idualiKation% As one $elfare case $or#er lamented0 NWith 12> cases itFs hard to remember that theyFre all human bein s% 'ometimes theyFre "ust a number%N Bureaucracy is a ma"or factor in o.ernment $elfare pro rams% ;or e=ample0 a report on $elfare in &llinois found procedures re*uirin Nnine forms to process an address chan e0 at least si= forms to add or delete a member of a household0 and a minimum of si= forms to report a chan e in earnin s or employment%N All that for "ust one pro ram% &n her e=cellent boo# Tyranny of Kindness& (heresa ;uniciello0 a former $elfare mother0 describes the dehumaniKin $orld of the o.ernment $elfare system88a system in $hich re ulations and bureaucracy rule all else% &t is a system in $hich illiterate homeless people $ith mental illnesses are handed 178pa e forms to fill out0 $omen nine months pre nant are told to .erify their pre nancies0 a CC/67

WDW 2009 Charities Disad $oman $ho $as raped is told she is ineli ible for benefits because she canFt list the babyFs father on the re*uired form% &t is a $orld totally unable to ad"ust to the sli htest de.iation from the bureaucratic norm% &n addition to bein better able to tar et indi.idual needs0 pri.ate charities are much better able to tar et assistance to those $ho really need help% Because eli ibility re*uirements for o.ernment $elfare pro rams are arbitrary and cannot be chan ed to fit indi.idual circumstances0 many people in enuine need do not recei.e assistance0 $hile benefits often o to people $ho do not really need them% @ore than C0 percent of all families li.in belo$ the po.erty le.el recei.e no o.ernment assistance% Met more than half of the families recei.in means8tested benefits are not poor% (hus0 a student may recei.e food stamps0 $hile a homeless man $ith no mailin address oes $ithout% <ri.ate charities are not bound by such bureaucratic restrictions% <ri.ate charity also has a better record of actually deli.erin aid to recipients% 'urprisin ly little of the money bein spent on federal and state social $elfare pro rams actually reaches recipients% &n 196>0 70 cents of e.ery dollar spent by the o.ernment to fi ht po.erty $ent directly to poor people% (oday0 70 cents of e.ery dollar oes0 not to poor people0 but to o.ernment bureaucrats and others $ho ser.e the poor% ;e$ pri.ate charities ha.e the bureaucratic o.erhead and inefficiency of o.ernment pro rams%

Charity "olve" be"t be#au"e it !oe" not #reate !e$en!en#e @ichael Tanner, )550* 'director of health and $elfare studies at the Cato &nstitute/ (e"lacing )elfare#*
http://$$$%cato%or /pubs/policyIreport/cpr819n681%html Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009 'econd0 in eneral0 pri.ate charity is much more li#ely to be tar eted to short8term emer ency assistance than to lon 8term dependence% (hus0 pri.ate charity pro.ides a safety net0 not a $ay of life% @oreo.er0 pri.ate charities may demand that the poor chan e their beha.ior in e=chan e for assistance% ;or e=ample0 a pri.ate charity may reduce or $ithhold benefits if a recipient does not stop usin alcohol or dru s0 loo# for a "ob0 or a.oid pre nancy% <ri.ate charities are much more li#ely than o.ernment pro rams to offer counselin and one8on8one follo$8up rather than simply pro.ide a chec#% By the same to#en0 because of the separation of church and state0 the o.ernment cannot support pro rams that promote reli ious .alues as a $ay out of po.erty% Met church and other reli ious charities ha.e a history of success in dealin $ith the problems that often lead to po.erty%

Ai! %rom #ivil "o#iety i" %ar more e%%e#tive than government el%are & it buil!" tie" bet een $eo$le in"tea! o% #reating re"entment @ichael Tanner, )550* 'director of health and $elfare studies at the Cato &nstitute/ (e"lacing )elfare#*
http://$$$%cato%or /pubs/policyIreport/cpr819n681%html Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009 (hat is the essence of the ci.il society% When 2eor e Washin ton $arned that N o.ernment is not reason0 it is not elo*uence88it is force0N he $as ma#in an important distinction% 2o.ernment relies on force and coercion to achie.e its ob"ecti.es0 includin charity% &n contrast0 the ci.il society relies on persuasion88reason and elo*uence88to moti.ate .oluntary i.in % &n the ci.il society people i.e because they are committed to helpin 0 because they belie.e in $hat they are doin % (hus pri.ate charity is ennoblin of e.eryone in.ol.ed0 both those $ho i.e and those $ho recei.e% 2o.ernment $elfare is ennoblin of no one% Ale=is de (oc*ue.ille reco niKed that 1>0 years a o% Callin for the abolition of public relief0 (oc*ue.ille lauded pri.ate charity for establishin a Nmoral tieN bet$een i.er and recei.er% &n contrast0 impersonal o.ernment relief destroys any sense of morality% (he donor -read ta=payer/ resents his in.oluntary contribution0 $hile the recipient feels no ratitude for $hat he recei.es and ine.itably belie.es that $hat he recei.es is insufficient% <erhaps the entire *uestion of o.ernment $elfare .ersus pri.ate charity $as best summed up by <ope ,ohn <aul && in his recent encyclical Centesimus +nnus% By inter.enin directly and depri.in society of its responsibility0 the $elfare state leads to a loss of human ener ies and an inordinate increase in public a encies0 $hich are dominated more by bureaucratic $ays of thin#in than by concern for ser.in their clients0 and $hich are accompanied by an enormous increase in spendin % &n fact0 it $ould appear that needs are best understood and satisfied by people $ho are closest to them and $ho act as nei hbors to those in need% &t should be added that certain #inds of demands often call for a response $hich is not material but $hich is capable of percei.in the deeper human need% Better yet0 consider this simple thou ht e=periment: &f you had A100000 a.ailable that you $anted to use to help the poor0 $ould you i.e it to the o.ernment to help fund $elfare or $ould you donate it to the pri.ate charity of your choiceG

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WDW 2009

Charities Disad

Charitie" Solve & 4egal Servi#e"

:rivate 4a >irm" Han!le :roCBono 4egal Servi#e"
Alle ra Ri#h -<ro Bono J <hilanthropy <artner at 'eyfarth 'ha$ 55</0 http://$$$%seyfarth%com/inde=%cfm/fuseaction/commitment%communityIin.ol.ement/communityIin.ol.ement%cfm , 8o Date0 Accessed ,uly 12 2009 Eur @ana in <artner0 ,% 'tephen <oor0 says0 1As an or aniKation0 'eyfarth 'ha$ is committed to bein an outstandin corporate citiKen and an acti.e contributor to our communities% Whether throu h our pro bono acti.ities0 the charitable rants made by our Charitable ;oundation0 or our other community ser.ice pro rams0 the people of 'eyfarth 'ha$ ha.e embraced this commitment enthusiastically% We are incredibly proud of the $or# our people are doin and the ability of the ;irm to support that $or#% We truly hope that0 throu h our efforts0 $e are able to impro.e indi.idual people?s li.es and stren then our communities as a $hole%7We encoura e all of our la$yers to de.ote time to pro bono le al $or# and $e ma#e a concerted effort to help them find pro bono pro"ects that reflect their o$n uni*ue .alues0 interests0 and personal styles% We also understand the pressures faced by many attorneys to balance career0 family0 and public ser.ice% &n response0 rather than create a one8siKe8fits8all pro ram0 our attorneys ha.e the freedom to choose 88 and recei.e up to 200 hours of billable credit for 88 self8directed pro bono acti.ities% (hus0 the firm is able to offer the ser.ices and e=perience of its attorneys to a broad ran e of indi.iduals and or aniKations in our communities $ho are unable to pay for le al representation%

Charitie" Exi"t" in SQ to Conne#t :oor Client" to Attorney"

(ammy (aylor -Director0 5a$ ;irm <ro Bono <ro"ect at <ro Bono &nstitute/07Do Date0 Accessed ,uly 1+ 20090 http://$$$%probonoinst%or /pro"ect%php (he 5a$ ;irm <ro Bono <ro"ect is the only lobal effort desi ned to support and enhance the pro bono culture and performance of ma"or la$ firms in the 6nited 'tates and around the $orld% (he <ro"ectFs oal is to fully inte rate pro bono into the practice0 philosophy0 and culture of firms so that lar er la$ firms pro.ide the institutional support0 infrastructure0 and encoura ement essential to fosterin a climate supporti.e of pro bono ser.ice and promotin partner and associate participation%_

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WDW 2009

Charities Disad

Charitie" Solve & ?eteran" Ai!

8on $ro%it organi<ation" hel$ veteran" over #ome $o"t !ramati# "tre""
Dino @aiolo American Combat Veterans of War 2009 htt$:// 7/1>/09 *veterano ne!bu"ine""*#om/bu"ine""*$h$Oi!R)-33 accessed ACVEW assists .eterans in a number of $ays% ;irst0 it pro.ides a forum0 or safe Kone0 called the 'afe Warrior Eutreach <ro ram% Veterans come to ether and share their combat and post combat e=periences $ith other .eterans% (hey also e=chan e dialo ue directly $ith those $ho share common challen es and can offer assistance in copin $ith the ad"ustment to peaceful society% ;urthermore0 $ith the encoura ement of their peers0 combat .eterans are assured that it is indeed normal and suitable to see# further counselin if necessary% ACVEW is one of the best tools at helpin combat .eterans o.ercome the sti ma $ithin the military of see#in help in copin $ith post traumatic stress% 'econd0 ACVEW ser.es as an ad.ocacy or aniKation $hich dra$s attention and a$areness to combat .eterans sufferin from post traumatic stress% ACVEW not only reaches out to other .eterans0 but to public officials0 o.ernment representati.es and the public at lar e% (hirdly0 ACVEW assists .eterans in na.i atin throu h o.ernment bureaucracies such as the Veterans Administration% We e=pect that our .eterans are i.en top priority0 ha.in i.en so much for our country% But0 too often .eterans find the help to $hich they are entitled is difficult and confoundin % ACVEW helps them et the ser.ices they need%

8on $ro%it organi<ation" are veteran" only ho$e

3ic# :c#er .eterans hope 2009 http://$$$%.eterano$nedbusiness%com/business%phpGidH190C accessed 7/1>/09 &t is no secret that our .eteran?s and their families are cryin for help% All too often thou h0 help is ne.er recei.edTser.icemen and $omen and their families simply do not #no$ $ho to turn to for help% Veterans? 4ope @obile Command Center $ill tra.el all across the countryTreachin out to our ser.ice men and $omen and their families at the rass roots le.el% (he Command Center $ill harness the efforts of hundreds of charitable or aniKations0 $hose charters are to support our men and $omen in uniform and their families% (he Command Center $ill also lin# our ser.icemen and $omen to Veteran E$ned Businesses if needed%

Don8<rofit sol.es for homelessness amon .ets Dational Coalition for 4omeless Veterans0 @ost Eften As#ed Wuestions Concernin 4omeless Veterans0 200>% http://$$$%nch.%or /bac# round%cfm Accessed Enline on ,uly 1>0 2009% (he most effecti.e pro rams for homeless and at8ris# .eterans are community8based0 nonprofit0 N.eterans helpin .eteransN roups% <ro rams that seem to $or# best feature transitional housin $ith the camaraderie of li.in in structured0 substance8free en.ironments $ith fello$ .eterans $ho are succeedin at betterin themsel.es% Because o.ernment money for homeless .eterans is currently limited and ser.es only one in 10 of those in need0 it is critical that community roups reach out to help pro.ide the support0 resources and opportunities most Americans ta#e for ranted: housin 0 employment and health care% (here are about 2>0 community8based .eteran or aniKations across the country that ha.e demonstrated impressi.e success reachin homeless .eterans% (hese roups are most successful $hen they $or# in collaboration $ith federal0 state and local o.ernment a encies0 other homeless pro.iders0 and .eteran ser.ice or aniKations% Veterans $ho participate in these pro rams ha.e a hi her chance of becomin ta=8payin 0 producti.e citiKens a ain%

:rivate Charity Hel$" Solve %or homele"", !i"able an! ableCbo!ie! veteran"*
4omeless and Disabled Veterans Corporation0 http://$$$%homelessanddisabled.eterans%com/innerpa e%asp=Gpa eidH120 Do Date 2i.en0 Accessed ,uly 12 2009

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WDW 2009 Charities Disad (he Board of homeless and Disabled Veterans -4DV/ is proud to announce that $e are plannin a Dational Veterans (elethon to raise funds for a round8brea#in "ob trainin actualiKation pro ram for homeless0 disabled0 and able8bodied american .eteran s% (hou h it is estimated that0 nationally0 at least +0O of all homeless people are .eterans $ho ser.ed their country in all $ars o.er the last 60 years0 our $ill be the first telethon in history to focus on helpin these heroes $ho ha.e fallen on hard times% (his historic e.ent is bein planned to air early in Do.ember 110 2009 on independent tele.ision stations all o.er the country%At first0 $hen $e founded 4omeless and Disabled Veterans as an Ea#land0 CA8based 601 -c/ -+/ in 19910 our efforts $ere limited to pro.idin the neediest .eterans $ith the essentials: food0 shelter0 and "ob trainin % (oday0 our oal is to de.elop re ional and national8$ide partnerships $ithy industry to help create "ob trainin pro rams that0 upon successful completion0 $ill lead to real employment in todayFs ro$th industries0 not only for homeless and disabled but also able8bodied .eterans $ho also need our help and our than#s% (he telethon $ill pro.ide that fundin for this ambitious effort%4o$e.er0 launchin a national telethon is e=pensi.e and ta#es rou hly one year to or aniKe% While other .eterans or aniKations are enthusiastic0 arran in for on8air performers and other participants0 filmin si nificant portions of the sho$0 contractin $ith stations/net$or#s0 buyin air time0 pre8telethon ad.ertisin and mar#etin acti.ities0 and other similar acti.ities0 $e need your help and financial contributions today% &n fact0 your enerosity is critical to our success%We ha.e enclosed a proposal detailin our need and supportin statistics and if you ha.e any *uestions0 $e $ould be happy to ans$er them% We thin# you $ill $ant to be part of this historic first and our .eterans deser.e to be heard%

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WDW 2009

Charities Disad

Charitie" Solve & 7ang"

Charitie" o%%er a myria! o% $rogram" to ar! gang" an! "treet violen#e
Deborah Mit#hell -;reelance Writer for Charity uide/0 3educe 'treet Violence0 8o Date, http://$$$%charity uide%or /.olunteer/fe$hours/street8.iolence%htm0 Accessed ,uly 1+ 2009 <ro rams to reduce street and un .iolence and promote safe nei hborhoods are under$ay0 and their success depends on the participation of citiKens in e.ery community% (hey include: after8school e.ents that en a e youn people in creati.e acti.ities li#e hip8hop dance0 sports0 #arate0 art0 and yo a0 citiKen nei hborhood $atch roups that patrol their streets to discoura e street .iolence and crime0 enlistment of former an members to interact $ith current an members to help *uell an .iolence 0 mentor pro rams to pro.ide positi.e role models or peer support0 "ob pro rams to help youn people and adults learn mar#etable s#ills and ho$ to enter the "ob mar#et0 counselin pro rams for an er mana ement0 dru abuse0 parentin s#ills0 buildin self8esteem 0reli ious or spiritually based pro rams to help foster moral and ethical .alues

The @eingart >oun!ation o%%er" e!u#ation an! ho$e to gang member"

'te.e Ber er free lance $riter 2007 http://$$$%$ein artfnd%or /default%aspGpidH7+ accessed 7/1>/09 After many months of research and consultation0 the Wein art ;oundation be an an initiati.e in Do.ember0 200+ to assist e=istin a encies in 'outhern California that already ha.e effecti.e pro rams in place to pre.ent and reduce an membership and rehabilitate an members% Amon the thin s these pro rams ha.e in common is the ability to treat each an member as an indi.idual $ith uni*ue problems and abilities% (hey reco niKe that for many members0 the an functions as a surro ate family 8 a place to o for social and economic support% (he a encies endea.or to replace the an culture $ith opportunities for education0 social acceptance0 real and honest $or#0 and hope% ;or youn er members or potential members0 the success of these pro rams can mean returnin to their families0 li#e 1+8year8old Daniel $ho says0 N % % % RtheS pro ram has helped me $ith my school$or# and to pic# up my rades% &t also helped me stay off the streets% & ha.e left a lot of 4omies behind and spend much more time on my school$or#% And0 itFs otten me closer to my family%N

All :eo$leD" Exo!u" 1rban A#a!emy en#ourage" an! "u$$ort" member" o% gang" to brea( a ay %rom their violent ay"
'te.e Ber er free lance $riter 2007 http://$$$%$ein artfnd%or /default%aspGpidH7+ accessed 7/1>/09 All <eoplesF :=odus 6rban Academy e.ol.ed from a simple .ocational trainin pro"ect of ma#in soap0 to a holistic approach to help poor youths brea# out of an life% <articipants are encoura ed and uided to finish hi h school and pursue .ocational trainin 0 hi her education or "ob placement%(o achie.e these0 (ur# and his .olunteer staff de.eloped the Exodus 6r1an +cademy0 $hich uses teams of fi.e to ei ht 1C8 to 168year8olds or 178 to 208year8olds -includin some e=8cons/ to set oals and achie.e them% (eam members are tutored in readin and math to impro.e school and .ocational trainin outcomes% (hey encoura e and support each other to brea# a$ay from .iolence and the peer pressure that perpetuates an s% (hey $or# on and build the s#ills necessary to become contributin members of society such as time mana ement0 $or# ethics0 employer8employee relations0 discipline and commitment% &n other $ords0 a holistic approach to brea#in the cycle of .iolence and an membership $hich0 in some cases0 has become multi8 enerational%N

All :eo$leD" Exo!u" 1rban A#a!emy i" extremely "u##e""%ul ith getting ri! o% gang"
'te.e Ber er free lance $riter 2007 http://$$$%$ein artfnd%or /default%aspGpidH7+ accessed 7/1>/09 (he pro ram is eared to$ard those $ho ha.enFt been able to fit into other pro rams0N says (ur#% NBefore they used to feel that oin bac# Rto prisonS $as "ust part of life% Ence theyF.e made chan es0 they be in to dread oin bac#% And then they start to $ant to stay out of "ail% Enly one in 90 so far has one bac# for a .iolent crime% And $eFre stayin in.ol.ed $ith him too so he $ill ha.e a life $hen he ets out%N

Ameri#aD" gang $roblem #an only be "olve! ith the hel$ o% non$ro%it organi<ation"
Di#ita 3 'te$art (he Washin ton <ost ,uly 2009 http://.oices%$ashin tonpost%com/dc/2009/07/cityIin.estsIinInonprofitsIto%html accessed 7/1>/09 D%C% @ayor Adrian @% ;enty -D/ and Council member ,im 2raham -D8Ward 1/ announced this mornin that A2000000 in fundin $ill be split amon 2> nonprofits that are $or#in $ith youths throu hout the city to curb an .iolence% (he money $as funneled from C9/67

WDW 2009 Charities Disad the District police to the City$ide Coordinatin Council on Mouth Violence <re.ention0 $hich then a$arded mini8 rants to the 2> or aniKations0 ;enty said% NDo problem $ill be e.er be sol.ed by the o.ernment alone0N he said% ;enty and 2raham held press conference $ith the rantees at the 3ee.es Center on 6 'treet% N(his is the first time the city is mo.in to a ci.ilian strate y based on non%profits0N 2raham said% (he coordinatin council $as created by the D%C% Council to brin the .arious roups to ether and Npromote positi.e youth de.elopment0N accordin to facts about the or aniKation released today% (he recipients of the rants ran e from 4oly Dame Catholic Church0 $hich is usin its money to hold a t$o8day conference on the psycholo y of an .iolence0 to C%E%&%D%D%'%0 a roup that $ill $or# specifically $ith female an members% 2raham said the council has also made $ay for another A1 million to be put into the effort in 2009%

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Charities Disad

The E$i$hany :ro'e#t o%%er" %ree tattoo removal hi#h hel$" the in!ivi!ual remove vi"ible remin!er" o% their $a"t
Ale"andro Al.ard 4omies 6nidos 2009 http://homiesunidos%or /pro rams/tattoo8remo.al/ accessed 7/1>/09 While the :piphany <ro"ect teaches important life s#ills and copin mechanisms0 the (attoo 3emo.al pro ram assists former an members in transformin their li.es by remo.in tattoosP .isible reminders of their past% 3emo.in these tattoos is both a practical and spiritual e=pression of the participants? desire to chan e their li.es% Ence an indi.idual has made that choice to chan e their li.es $ith an internal 1epiphany7 it is important that their physical bodies reflect this ne$ life0 $hich can include remo.in a an tattoo or the name an abusi.e e=8boyfriend% 4omies 6nidos $or#s in collaboration $ith t$o local clinics to pro.ide tattoo remo.al ser.ices to local youth and adults $ith .isible an 8related tattoos -on their face0 nec#0 hands or forearms/ $ho are pursuin employment opportunities or educational ad.ancement% 5aser treatment procedures can ta#e up to 2 years to fully remo.e a tattoo and the price can ran es bet$een A20000 to A160000 dependin on the siKe and detail of the tattoo% A typical session lasts one hour and costs A90%00% <atients recei.e one session e.ery si= to ei ht $ee#s0 $hich lasts one hour and costs on a.era e A90%00% 4o$e.er throu h 4omies 6nidos? (attoo remo.al pro ram0 the process is free of char e% Wor#in in partnership $ith the 'unrise Eutreach Center and the 4olly$ood 'unset ;ree Clinic0 4omies 6nidos pay for the treatments at a reduced price% &t is throu h the enerous support of foundations and donors that 4omies 6nidos is able to chan e an indi.idual?s life for the better%

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Charitie" Solve & Drug $rogram"

Charity or( "ho " better rate" o% "u##e"" than government or(
Tanner E52 ,uly 10 19970 @ichael (anner0 CA(E0 1Ci.il 'ociety to the 3escue7 https://$$$%cato%or /dailys/7801897%html (hose $ho belie.e that only o.ernment can sol.e the problems of po.erty should ta#e note of a remar#able anni.ersary% 2ospel 3escue @inistries0 one of the nation?s most successful pri.ate charitable institutions0 turned 90 this past @ay% 'ince 190788lon before presidential summits on .olunteerism88they ha.e been helpin the poorest Americans et off the streets0 find "obs and rebuild their li.es%(he D%C% branch of the or aniKation operates from a con.erted crac# house in Chinato$n% 3elyin on .olunteers and pri.ate contributions88not o.ernment money88the ministry operates a 1>08man shelter0 soup #itchen0 food ban# and dru treatment center% (he ministry addresses its clients? needs for more than food and shelter: it pro.ides education0 "ob placement assistance and spiritual ad.ice% 6nli#e o.ernment $elfare pro rams0 the ministry operates on the principle that no one should recei.e somethin for nothin % (herefore0 the homeless must pay A+%00 a ni ht or a ree to perform one hour of $or# on the premises in e=chan e for lod in % By insistin that the poor ta#e responsibility for their li.es0 the ministry has been e=traordinarily successful in helpin its clients put their li.es bac# to ether% ;or e=ample0 nearly t$o out of three of the addicts completin its dru treatment pro ram remain dru free% But a o.ernment8run dru treatment center "ust three bloc#s a$ay has only a 10 percent success rate0 althou h it spends nearly 20 times as much per client% 2ospel 3escue @inistries is a tiny fraction of American charitable efforts% Americans contribute more than A12> billion annually to charity% @ore than 9> percent of all adult Americans ma#e some charitable contribution each year% &n addition0 about half of all American adults perform .olunteer $or#: more than 20 billion hours in 1991% (ranslated into dollars0 the .alue of that .olunteer $or# $as more than A176 billion% Americans? charitable contributions total more than A+00 billion per year%

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Charitie" Solve & 8ative"

Charitie" $rovi!e ai! to 8ative Ameri#an"
Dational 3elief Charities0 About Dational 3elief Charities0 Do Date0 http://$$$%nrcpro rams%or /site/<a e'er.erGpa enameHinde=0 Accessed ,uly 1+ 2009 Dational 3elief Charities -D3C/ is a nonprofit dedicated to *uality of life for Dati.e Americans li.in on remote and po.erty8stric#en reser.ations in the <lains and 'outh$est% Eur mission is N(o help Dati.e American people impro.e the *uality of their li.es by pro.idin opportunities for them to brin about positi.e chan es in their communities%N D3C has been ser.in Dati.e Americans for 20 years% We are the only charity to $or# on o.er 7> reser.ations year8round% We ha.e a net$or# of nearly 900 partnerships $ith reser.ation pro rams% (hese are our <ro ram <artners% D3C $or#s throu h the <artners to brin much8needed relief to o.er +000000 Dati.e Americans $ho li.e in their reser.ation communities% (he most important thin D3C brin s to these communities is hope%D3C is uni*ue in se.eral $ays% We ha.e a hi hly effecti.e $arehouse and distribution system that lets us truc# o.er C million pounds of material aid each year L to remote reser.ation communities that most Americans ne.er see and most or aniKations cannot reach% (he oods $e ship ma#e their $ay directly into the hands of the Dati.e American people $ho need them% D3C?s approach brin s se.eral other important benefits to those $ho $or# $ith us% (he fact that our <artners are Dati.e Americans $ho li.e and $or# on the reser.ations i.es us added reach into reser.ation communities% &t also i.es us insi hts on ho$ to $or# effecti.ely on the reser.ations% (his is ho$ $e e.ol.ed N(he D3C WayN and our uidin principles of ste$ardship0 .olunteerism0 and respect% D3C stri.es to be a consistent resource in &ndian country and to pro.ide the ri ht oods at the ri ht time and in the ri ht $ay%

Em$iri#ally :roven That Charitie" Solving no >or 8ative Ameri#an Ai!

Council of &ndian Dations0 'uccess 'tories: ;ood <ro ram 'tory0 @arch 110 20090 http://$$$%nrcpro rams%or /site/<a e'er.erG pa enameHcinIssIfood A recent food distribution in Dennehotso0 AriKona0 sho$s ho$ C&D typically reaches out to those in need on reser.ations in the 'outh$est% &n that food distribution0 community .olunteers athered early in the mornin to distribute sac#s of foodstuffs ade*uate to ensure appro=imately t$o months of ood meals for recipients% En this day0 food sac#s included pinto beans0 potatoes0 mi=ed fruit0 round beef0 canned tuna or chic#en0 noodles0 cereal0 and rice% (he composition of the food sac# chan es accordin to the season and $hat is a.ailable in the C&D $arehouse% :li ible :lders are identified on a distribution sheet accordin to $here they li.e0 and .olunteers ma#e sure that the food is deli.ered to them if they are unable to come pic# it up% As $ith other sites0 the Dennehotso pro ram ser.es homebound :lders li.in as far as an hour a$ay o.er dirt and sand paths% C&D?s commitment to reachin these isolated :lders uarantees that someone from the community chec#s up on them on a re ular basis% (hese food distributions are held e.ery t$o months% All the :lders $ho participate are rateful for the food they recei.e0 and they $elcome this carin boost to their small incomes%

:rivate Charitie" Solve >or 8ative Ameri#an"

8ational Ameri#an Heritage >oun!ation0 1About DA4A70 8o Date0 http://$$$%naha8inc%or /nahaIabout%html0 Accessed ,uly 1+ 2009 Dati.e American 4erita e Association is a non8profit or aniKation dedicated to helpin the needy Dati.e American families li.in on the 3eser.ations of 'outh Da#ota% DA4A $as started in 199+ by Da.id 2% @yers after a .isit to the 3eser.ations in 'outh Da#ota% After seein the pli ht and conditions that the Dati.e Americans $ere tryin to cope $ith on a daily basis0 @r% @yers #ne$ he had to do somethin to help them% 'o the mission be an to help as many Dati.e American families on the Cro$ Cree#0 5o$er Brule0 <ine 3id e and 3osebud 3eser.ations $ith basic life necessities and self8help pro rams% E.er the years0 $e ha.e pro.ided much needed hope and di nity to many of the deser.in Dati.e Americans that needed a helpin hand% 'ince 199+0 throu h the loyalty of our donor?s0 DA4A has continued to ro$% We pro.ide food0 clothin 0 heatin assistance and self help pro rams to the Dati.e American families stru lin to ma#e ends meet each month% 5ast year0 DA4A deli.ered 20+2+09C6 pounds of food and +100C0> pounds of clothin % <lease consider ma#in a onetime donation to DA4A or to assure that $e can maintain our re ular pro rams0 you may $ish to consider somethin more permanent such as a monthly donation%

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Charitie" Solve & Di"a"ter"

Em$iri#ally :roven That Charity Solve" %or Di"a"ter" @ichael Tanner I'enior ;ello$ at (he Cato &nstitute/0 Cato &nstitute0 12o.ernment failure0 pri.ate success70 http://$$$%cato%or /pubIdisplay%phpGpubIidHC9270 !e"t# $%& 6;;9*
American business is doin its part0 too% Wal8@art0 so re.iled by the American left0 not only donated A20 million in cash0 10>00 truc#loads of free merchandise0 and food for 1000000 meals0 it promised a "ob for e.ery one of its displaced $or#ers no matter $here in the country they end up% At least 90 corporations ha.e donated at least A1 million each0 many far more than that% @any companies in 5ouisiana and @ississippi ha.e promised to continue payin their $or#ers0 e.en if their stores or businesses $ere $iped out% (his is charity as it $as meant to be0 indi.iduals helpin one another throu h lo.e of nei hbor% Voluntary sacrifice is $hat ma#es philanthropy a .irtuous act% &n fact0 in the Bible0 the 2ree# $ord translated as charity is a apeo0 $hich means lo.e% &t is the antithesis of o.ernment pro rams that are based on coercion% &ndeed0 the $hole idea of N o.ernment charityN is an o=ymoron% As $e hear calls for a NcompassionateN response to the .ictims of this tra edy0 it is important to remember that you canFt be compassionate $ith other peopleFs money% (his difference is as simple as the difference bet$een my reachin into my poc#et for money to help someone in need and my reachin into your poc#et for the same purpose%

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Charitie" Solve & Crime

CrimeSto$$er" or("
CrimeSto$$er" o% the Inlan! 8orth e"t, 6;;5, accessed ,uly 120 2009 14o$ (he <ro ram Wor#s7
http://$$$%crimestoppersinlandnorth$est%or /ho$it$or#s%asp= Does Crime 'toppers Wor#G (he ans$er is *uite simply yes% 'ince the start of Crime 'toppers0 many calls ha.e been recei.ed resultin in thousands of arrests and reco.ery of substantial amounts of property% Calls ha.e included information about murder0 robbery0 rape0 assaults0 dru and firearm offenses% (he success of a Crime 'toppers pro ram cannot be purely "ud ed on statistics0 ho$e.er0 other benefits ha.e come to notice:

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Charitie" Solve & Homele""ne""

8on $ro%it organi<ation" team u$ to hel$ homele"" $roblem"
<aul :a#ins 'taff Writer Dorth County (imes @ay 2007 http://$$$%nctimes%com/articles/2007/0>/1C/ne$s/topIstories/>1+07190+17%t=t accessed 7/1>/09 ,ust as Dorth County city leaders ha.e be un a "oint effort to find a solution to the re ionFs homeless problems0 area social ser.ice or aniKations ha.e been $or#in to do the same% (he directors of about 2> social ser.ice or aniKations no$ are in.ol.ed in the Alliance for 3e ional 'olutions0 $hich formed about four months a o0 members of the roup said last $ee#% About 900 homeless indi.iduals or families li.e on the streets of Dorth County0 $hile about 10200 li.e in local shelter pro rams0 accordin to a 'an Die o 3e ional (as# ;orce on the 4omeless report released last year% Chris @e ison0 president and e=ecuti.e director of Dorth County 'olutions for Chan e in Vista0 said that the alliance is the most serious effort heFs seen in years to sol.e area homelessness% N& see a resol.e $ith the nonprofit e=ecuti.e directors% &tFs pretty impressi.e0 actually0N @e ison said% N&Fm seein a reement that the time has come to sol.e our emer ency housin needs once and for all%N

So#ial Servi#e organi<ation" are better at !ealing ith homele""ne"" than the government
<aul :a#ins 'taff Writer Dorth County (imes @ay 2007 http://$$$%nctimes%com/articles/2007/0>/1C/ne$s/topIstories/>1+07190+17%t=t accessed 7/1>/09 :scondido Councilman 'am Abed0 $ho is leadin the tas# force0 said last $ee# that he $as happy nonprofit or aniKations are $or#in on the homelessness problem% 4e said city leaders ha.e a .ested interest in the issue and must $or# alon side the or aniKations% 1We are in char e of land use and $e ha.e the impact of the homeless on our city and $e ha.e to deal $ith that as a o.ernment0N Abed said% NBut certainly $e ha.e to deal $ith the social ser.ice or aniKations% (hey are the ones $ho ha.e the #no$led e and the e=pertise%N

-9; homele"" $eo$le are hel$e! by 'u"t one non $ro%it organi<ation
Cheryl Chan April 2009(he <ro.ince http://$$$%thepro.ince%com/ne$s/Best_friend_homeless/1C90709/story%html accessed 7/1>/09 When the 5oo#out :mer ency Aid 'ociety opened its first shelter at the <atricia 4otel on Vancou.erFs '#id 3o$ in 19710 it had one room0 t$o beds and a i antic dream% NWe $ere oin to end homelessness in 10 years0N recalls Qaren EF'hannacery0 the societyFs e=ecuti.e director% N(hat $as the mission $e had in our minds%N Almost C0 years later0 loo#out has ro$n into one of B%C%Fs lar est homeless8ser.in non8profits% &t operates four shelters as $ell as se.en buildin s offerin transitional and permanent housin to more than +>0 people0 includin some $ith disabilities%

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87=S Key To Civil So#iety

87=D" (ey to %o"tering #ivil "o#iety
Charles 4auss0 Director of <olicy and 3esearch at 'earch for Common 2round 6'A and <rofessor at 2eor e @ason 6ni.ersity0 Ci.il 'ociety0 Au ust 200+% http://$$$%beyondintractability%or /essay/ci.ilIsociety/ Accessed Enline on ,uly 1+0 2009% (his is really the pro.ince of the D2E community that are currently approachin the de.elopment of ci.il society in ne$ and no.el $ays% Very fe$ D2Es $ere created for that purpose% @ost $ere formed to resol.e conflict0 i.e de.elopment aid0 or pro.ide relief durin comple= emer encies% 5i#e the national de.elopment a encies0 most D2Es ha.e come to the realiKation that part of their $or# has to include ci.il society as $ell% &f not0 conflict resolution trainin or aid alone $ill not ma#e much of a difference in the lon term if the conflict brea#s out a ain% (o this end0 the 6nited DationsR>S0 as $ell0 has $or#ed to e=pand the $ays it cooperates $ith D2Es and others to foster ci.il society%

Civil So#iety (ey to #he#(ing government $o er an! "trengthening !emo#ra#y Dicole Ball0 Center for &nternational <olicy in Washin ton0 DC0 Ci.il 'ociety0 2ood 2o.ernance0 and the 'ecurity 'ector0 200>% http://se2%dcaf%ch/ser.iceen ine/;ileContentGser.ice&DH21JfileidH+7CCD0+:8>99;8 91>:89+168972CD10:1:C;Jln Hen Accessed Enline on ,uly 1+0 2009% En the contrary0 there are four ma"or roles that ci.il society can play: a/ act as a $atchdo P b/ foster chan eP c/ help to de.elop norms of democratic beha.iour0 and d/ pro.ide technical input to policyma#in and policy implementation% &n practice0 these functions often o.erlap% What is more0 ci.il society can carry out these functions at the local0 national0 re ional and international le.els% When ci.il society monitors the de.elopment and application of security policy as $ell as the acti.ities of security bodies and see#s to foster chan e $here needed0 it should not do so only to challen e o.ernment policies -or point out the lac# of rele.ant policies/0 but to help enerate and inform public debates0 brin members of the security ser.ices to ether $ith ci.ilians in o.ernment and members of the public0 and pro.ide inputs into decision8ma#in processes -Bo= 2/% At the same time0 to be fully effecti.e0 ci.il society needs to ta#e care not to be co8opted by o.ernment -see Camay and 2ordon 2002/%

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Charitie" 7oo! %or the E#onomy

Charity hel$" the e#onomy %ar better than el%are
Kevin Combe"t, %ormer intern at H1MA8 E?E8TS, re#ently gra!uate! %rom the 1niver"ity o% >lori!a, ma'oring in $oliti#al "#ien#e an! minoring in hi"tory, F@hy Con"ervative" 7ive More to Charity,G Human Event"*#om, 8ovemeber -;, 6;;0, http://$$$%humane.ents%com/article%phpGidH192>+0 -Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009/

Charity, ob'e#tively, ha" a bene%i#ial im$a#t on the Ameri#an e#onomy* ItD" goo! %or $rivate $ro"$erity, itD" goo! %or #ommunity !evelo$ment, an! itD" goo! %or 7D: gro th* ThatD" hat the evi!en#e "ay"* 8o , thereD" a lot o% or( "till to be !one on thi"* ThereD" no la"t e#onomi# or! on thi"* But, a" an e#onomi"t, itD" very $rovo#ative to me that thereD" no evi!en#e to the #ontrary, thereD" no evi!en#e to "ugge"t that the"e thing" are not true* An!, the early "tu!ie" on thi" "ay, FBoy, thi" i" really goo!*G I% IDm going to re#ommen! a balan#e! inve"tment $ort%olio to you, IDm going to "ay, FMa(e "ure youDre giving a "ub"tantial amount o% money a ay, be#au"e youDre going to get return" on thi"*G Thi" i" not magi#L there are goo! $"y#hologi#al rea"on" %or thi"* Pou be#ome more $ro"$erou" through greater e%%e#tivene"" through your 'ob an! meaning, an! all that (in! o% goo! "tu%%* Communitie" #ohere better an! #ountrie" are able to ta(e #are o% them"elve" better an! govern them"elve" better, an! all o% thi" goo! "tu%% tran"late" into huge e#onomi# bene%it"* 8o , you !onDt get that %rom el%are*

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++A>> A8S@ERS++

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6a# >/4
)* 8onCuni,ue: Contribution" to "o#ial "ervi#e #haritie" are !e#lining no !ue to the re#e""ion Chroni#le o% :hilanthro$y, 6;;3* F'ocial8'er.ice Charities 'ay Demand for Aid ;ar Eutstrips 'upply7
http://philanthropy%com/ne$s/updates/>997/social8ser.ice8charities8say8demand8for8aid8far8outstrips8supply Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009 As la$ma#ers in Washin ton debate ho$ to handle America?s financial crisis0 social8ser.ice charities across the country are busy facin $hat leaders call dramatic and unprecedented increases in demand for help% (he slo$in economy0 a risin unemployment rate0 spi#es in food and fuel costs0 and the decline in the housin mar#et ha.e social8ser.ices pro.iders $orried about their ability to raise enou h money to meet demand% (hey say they are especially concerned because the holiday i.in season is the time $hen food ban#s and other or aniKations recei.e the bul# of their contributions% 'ome charities ha.e already had to reduce ser.ices or turn needy people a$ay% 1Donations are not #eepin up $ith costs at this moment07 says Candy 4ill0 senior .ice president for social policy and o.ernment affairs at Catholic Charities 6'A% 1'ome of our a encies are reportin the lar est demands they ha.e seen in decades for the most basic of needs0 includin food0 shelter0 and help $ith utility bills%7 @s% 4ill says she has heard multiple tales about people $ho $ere once donors to Catholic Charities no$ themsel.es see#in aid% 1When you see people $ho ha.e supported us ha.in to come in for assistance0 it tells us $e are in some pretty serious economic times07 @s% 4ill says% @s% 4ill says she is not alone amon charity leaders in #eepin an eye on $hat is oin on in Washin ton and on Wall 'treet% 1With the instability $ith the financial situation in the country ri ht no$0 $e are all sort of $aitin to see $hat sort of impact that it?s oin ha.e on our ability to raise money oin for$ard07 she says%

6* Turn & government %un!ing to #haritie" %lag" organi<ation" a" #re!ible, in#rea"ing !onation"* 7overnment %un!ing an! "ervi#e" #ro !" out $rivate !onation" to #harity
(homas A% 7arrett and 3ussell @% Rhine, 6;;5 -3esearch Di.ision ;ederal 3eser.e Ban# of 't% 5ouis Department of :conomics 't% @ary?s Colle e of @aryland/http://research%stlouisfed%or /$p/2007/20078012%pdf Accessed ,uly 1C0 2009 Althou h most of the hypothesiKed reasons for charitable i.in su est cro$din out0 there are also se.eral potential reasons $hy o.ernment spendin may cro$d in pri.ate contributions -see Broo#s 2000a/% (he first reason is that some o.ernment rants are in the form of matchin funds0 so e.ery dollar of .oluntary donations is matched by a o.ernment contribution of one dollar% (his effecti.ely lo$ers the price of charitable i.in % 'econd0 some donors may interpret a o.ernment rant to a charity as proof of *uality or reputability% 4ere a certain charity may be .ie$ed by donors as hi h *uality since it recei.es o.ernment fundin and is thus $orthy of donations%

-* T1R8: >e!eral %un!ing to non$ro%it" i" e""ential to "aving the non$ro%it in!u"try an! #om$leting (ey #haritable $ro'e#t" The 8ation, 6;;5
1&s the :conomic @ess 2oin to Qill 1000000 Don8<rofitsG7 :yal <ress0 (he Dation% <osted @arch 1+0 20090 http://$$$%alternet%or /$or#place/1+1+C>Gpa eHentire R,uly 1C0 2009S 5ast year0 ho$e.er0 the flo$ of capital suddenly dried up0 turnin a A9 billion industry into a AC billion one and lea.in nonprofit de.elopers $ith half8finished pro"ects that are in limbo% NWhat $eF.e ot are these dili ent community8based or aniKations in De$ Erleans0 4arlem and the Bron= that are in a t$ili ht Kone situation0N said Qoo% N(hey ha.e a debt obli ation0 and theyF.e ac*uired land that can produce no income because they canFt finish the pro"ect 88 thereFs Kero capital%N N'o roups are panic#in 0N she $ent on% N'ome are comin to us to as# for e=tensions on loans0 some are sellin anythin they can to raise capital to finish their pro"ects 88 many of $hich are sho.el8ready 88 and some ha.e one under%N (he story illustrates ho$ much community8based nonprofits can achie.e0 but also ho$ .ulnerable they can be to the .a aries of the mar#et% What mi ht sa.e some of those sho.el8ready pro"ectsG As it happens0 A2%2> billion $ill soon be in flo$in to states throu h somethin called the 4E@: &n.estment <artnerships <ro ram0 $hich dra$s its fundin from a much8.ilified source that many ban#ers and in.estors ha.e lately come to .ie$ in a more positi.e li ht: the federal o.ernment%

.* Charitie" #anDt "olve & le"" than a thir! o% !onation" go to hel$ the $oor be#au"e mo"t organi<ation" are too #aught u$ in "ear#hing %or "oC#alle! root #au"e" S#hambra, William% 6;;3% -director of the 4udson &nstituteFs Bradley Center for <hilanthropy and Ci.ic 3ene$al/ 1Are Charitable
Dollars 2ettin Where (heyFre Deeded @ostG7 http://$$$%hudson%or /inde=%cfmG fuseactionHpublicationIdetailsJidH>907Jpub(ypeH4&IArticles Accessed ,uly 120 2009 W: 5:A3D $ith dismay0 in the report prepared by &ndianaFs Center on <hilanthropy0 that less than a third of i.in in America oes to the economically disad.anta ed0 and that only 9 percent oes to meetin the immediate needs of the poor% ;ran#ly0 &Fm surprised the fi ure is so hi h% After all0 the leadership of the philanthropic sector in American has spent one hundred years deridin the notion 60/67

WDW 2009 Charities Disad that meetin immediate needs of the poor is of any .alue% (he deni ration of charity $as present at the foundin of todayFs lar e foundations% Consider 3aymond ;osdic#Fs account of the first meetin of the 3oc#efeller ;oundation in @ay 191+% &t had recei.ed many re*uests to meet immediate human needs0 he obser.es0 includin a plea from the M@CA to help rehabilitate its facilities in Dayton0 4amilton0 and @arietta dama ed by floods in the Ehio 3i.er Valley% ;osdic# notes0 0it- 1arely concealed "ride0 that the foundation turned them all do$n flat% &t follo$ed instead 3oc#efeller confidante ;rederic# 2atesF ad.ice to Nconfine itself to pro"ects of an important characterN ! those that fit ,ohn D% 3oc#efellerFs con.iction that Nthe best philanthropy in.ol.es a search for cause0 an attempt to cure e.ils at their source%N &n this time8$orn .ie$0 meetin immediate needs is "ust puttin a band8aid on a problem0 $hile truly effecti.e i.in ets at the problemFs root cause0 and sol.es it once and for all% &ndeed0 this is at the heart of the distinction so many dra$ bet$een charity and philanthropy% 5est you thin# this approach is confined to the $orld of foundations or to a much earlier era0 consider the )as-ington PostFs account of recent chan es at 6nited Way of America% (he associationFs president is reported as sayin 0 NDespite spendin millions to support scores of local pro rams0 the 1218year8old 6nited Way has not made measurable pro ress on % % % core problems%N And so Nthe 6nited Way must redirect its money to$ard the root causes%N

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Exten"ion A) & 8onuni,ue

8on uni,ue & #a$ on !e!u#tion" %or #ontribution" to #haritie" ill tan( giving Diana >ur#htgottCRoth A$ril -r! 6;;5 +senior fello0 and director of ,udson /nstitute=s Center for Em"loyment Policy# !-e
is t-e former c-ief economist at t-e 6#!# 2e"artment of La1or#> -tt"://000#-udson#org/index#cfm9 fuseaction?"u1lication@detailsAid?B:CCA"u1Ty"e?Em"loyment (he combination of hi her rates and a 29 percent cap on the .alue of deductions for charitable contributions -and mort a e interest/ seems certain to diminish i.in to charities0 reli ious institutions0 anti8po.erty roups0 uni.ersities0 health research0 and the arts% Cutbac#s on charitable i.in $ould be more pronounced amon the $ell8to8do because their ta= rates $ould rise at the same time as their deductions $ould be limited%

E#onomi# trouble" mean #haritie" re#eive le"" money

Qe.in @cCoy and Eren Dorell0 6'A (oday0 1&t?s a hard time to be a charity07 Ectober 270 2009% http://$$$%usatoday%com/money/economy/ser.ices/20098108268fundraisin 8crisis8donations8charitiesID%htm R,uly 120 2009S (he economic crisis threatenin the nation $ith the $orst recession in decades has set off tremors amon non8profits and charities lar e and small that rely on donations from Wall 'treet0 industry and a.era e Americans% (he potential impact is "ust no$ ta#in shape0 because 2009 rants from many philanthropic foundations are still bein set and the end8of8year holiday i.in season is openin % Althou h itFs difficult to dra$ broad conclusions from reports by indi.idual charities0 many non8profits say they are feelin an economic pinch% N(his is the $orst fundraisin en.ironment &F.e e.er $or#ed in0N says ,effrey (o$ers0 chief de.elopment officer for the American 3ed Cross0 $hich $on promises of A100 million from Con ress this month after 2009Fs hurricanes0 tornadoes and floods depleted the roupFs disaster8relief reser.es% (he 3ed Cross is sufferin as much as a +0O drop in responses and contributions from ne$ donors0 and corporate donations are Ncomin in at lo$er amountsN at the half$ay point of a campai n to raise A100 million by Dec% +10 (o$ers says% Across the nation0 philanthropic or aniKations report similar omens0 some tied directly to this fallFs credit crisis and plun e of financial mar#ets%

=bamaD" tax in#rea"e harm" mi!Crange !onor" the mo"t & #haritie" ill "ee a !e#line in !onation" :erry, ;ebruary 260 6;;5 1EbamaFs <lan to 3educe Charitable Deductions for the Wealthy Dra$s Criticism7 'uKanne <erry
http://philanthropy%com/ne$s/updates/inde=%phpGidH72CC :ric Qessler0 $ho ad.ises ma"or donors and foundations for Arabella <hilanthropic &n.estment Ad.isors0 says the proposed limits $ould not li#ely immediately affect the beha.ior of the bi est donors0 $ho tend to plot their i.in strate ically% 1& thin# it has an effect o.er time0 but & don?t thin# anybody?s oin to pic# up the paper tomorro$ and say0 let?s for o our commitment to the local theater roup%7 But he says its could affect mid8ran e donors L say those $ho i.e in the A10000 ran e L 1$ho are less dri.en by strate y and for $hom the deduction plays a si nificant role in their i.in %7

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Exten"ion & 7ov hel$" #haritie"

>e!eral "o#ial "ervi#e" !o not tra!e o%% ith #harity but in"tea! "trengthen them #reating a $artner"hi$ that "olve" more ;3ed Kammer0 1Compassion alone $on?t do the "ob07 &nsi ht on the De$s0 April +0 )5590
http://findarticles%com/p/articles/miIm1>71/isIn1CI.11/aiI167C6196/Gta HcontentPcol10 -Accessed ,uly 120 2009/ '%D% Catholic Charities a encies are proud to help people in need% &t is our mission as church0 as charity and as partner $ith community0 business and o.ernment% We .ie$ our partnership $ith o.ernment li#e our participation in the 6nited Way: helpin us to meet community needs in an effecti.e and efficient $ay% 2o.ernment contracts $ith us 88 as it does $ith the 'al.ation Army0 5utheran 'ocial 'er.ices0 the Council of ,e$ish ;ederations and hundreds of local reli ious charities 88 because it #no$s $e are community8 based0 trusted by those $e ser.e and scrupulous about ste$ardship of our resources% 2o.ernments often see# us out to deli.er these ser.ices because they trust us to do the "ob ri ht% We also ha.e to be .i ilant that fundin by o.ernment0 li#e 6nited Way0 foundations and indi.idual donors0 does not cause us to abandon the .alues that under ird this compassionate $or#% 4undreds of local a ency boards decide to contract $ith o.ernment so they can contribute to the common ood and to o.ernmentFs responsibility Nto promote the eneral $elfareN as pro.ided for in the preamble to the Constitution% We brin our concern for people0 .alues0 e=perience0 .olunteers and pri.ate fundin to ma#e this partnership effecti.e% -Eften0 o.ernments re*uire a financial NmatchN for their contracts%/ We also reco niKe that our pri.ate dollars stretch public dollars and allo$ much0 much more to be done than either could accomplish alone%

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A>>: AT Hunger Im$a#t"

Charitable %oo! $rogram" ill never "olve, even i% !ouble! in "i<e & %e!eral a#tion i" nee!e!
DMD< `09 DMD< -De$ Mor# Donprofit <ress/0 1All Mou Can :at: 4o$ 4un ry is AmericaG Charity Can?t Do &t% 2o.ernment Can%7 ;ebruary 260 2009% http://$$$%nynp%biK/inde=%php/nynp8boo#s/C+98all8you8can8eat8ho$8hun ry8is8america8charity8cant8do8it8 o.ernment8can R,uly 120 2009S &f you doubled the siKe of the nation?s charitable food distribution system ! those C00000 food pantries0 soup #itchens and food ban#s $ith their millions of .olunteers and billions in charitable contributions ! you $ould reduce the number of 1food insecure7 people in the 6nited 'tates by a mere 7O0 from +>%> million to ++ million% En the other hand0 if you increased federal nutrition pro rams by "ust C1O0 you $ould eliminate hun er in the nation entirely% (here $ould be no 1food insecure7 people in the 6nited 'tates% Done^

Charitie" are ine%%i#ient an! re!u#e the e%%e#tivene"" o% government $rogram"

DMD< `09 DMD< -De$ Mor# Donprofit <ress/0 1All Mou Can :at: 4o$ 4un ry is AmericaG Charity Can?t Do &t% 2o.ernment Can%7 ;ebruary 260 2009% http://$$$%nynp%biK/inde=%php/nynp8boo#s/C+98all8you8can8eat8ho$8hun ry8is8america8charity8cant8do8it8 o.ernment8can R,uly 120 2009S And0 in a chapter on 1(he Charity @yth70 Ber offers an honest but hard hittin criti*ue of the .oluntary0 nonprofit antihun er system0 the sector in $hich he0 himself0 plays a leadin role% 1@ost Americans hold ti ht to the myth that nei hbor8to8nei hbor enerosity and compassion is the best support system for those in need07 he $rites% 1But tryin to end hun er $ith food dri.es is li#e tryin to fill the 2rand Canyon $ith a teaspoon%%% the belief that charity does it better than o.ernment only ensures hun er $ill persist in America%7 Ber clearly admires and is inspired by the dedication of the countless .olunteers $ho created a nation$ide net$or# of local emer ency food pro rams in response to 3onald 3ea an?s shreddin of the anti8po.erty safety net durin the 1990s% 4e li#ens them to the early 1buc#et bri ades7 of the past in $hich nei hbors banded to ether in e.ent of fire% (hey represented 1the .ery best7 of our national spirit0 he says% 4o$e.er0 these .olunteer bri ades 1almost al$ays failed to e=tin uish the fires and cities $ere reduced to cinders07 he says% :mer ency food pro rams are not all that different% 13ather than ser.in as a last resort%%% these a encies ha.e increasin ly become the nation?s first line of defense a ainst hun er07 says Ber % Met0 1they are mostly failin to sol.e the problem%7 At least to some de ree0 they ha.e contributed to problem they are tryin to sol.e% As a necessary tool in their o$n fundraisin efforts0 nonprofit emer ency food pro rams tend to play up their o$n .alue in fi htin hun er $hile playin do$n the importance of o.ernment pro rams ! e.en thou h much of the food they distribute $as actually pro.ided throu h o.ernment pro rams such as 4<DA< or (:;A<% 1We ha.e come to learn that tal#in too much about the role of o.ernment can decrease donations and the most effecti.e fundraisin strate ies i.e potential donors the clear impression that the only thin s standin bet$een a family and hun er is their donation to our or aniKation07 says Ber % At the same time0 the search for indi.idual and corporate contributions sometimes tempers the ad.ocacy .oice $hich $ill be essential to addressin the underlyin causes of po.erty and hun er% Ber oes on to point out that o.ernment nutrition pro rams are0 in fact0 si nifcantly more efficient than the charitable food pro ram net$or#0 $hich must run distribution systems of $arehouses0 truc#s and pantries parallel to the commercial food distribution system% 4e ar ues that in the ;ood 'tamp <ro ram0 19>O of all spendin $ent directly to food benefits70 $hile 1the total o.erhead for the entire -charitable food distribution/ system ! from ori inal dontaion to final distribution88 is far reater than 20O%7 @ost critical0 ho$e.er0 is the inability of charitable food pro rams to address the siKe of the hun er problem in America% Ber notes that all of the food distributed by ;eedin America -formerly America?s 'econd 4ar.est/ in 20060 $ould ha.e only amounted to +%6O of the food needed by hun ry Americans%

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A;; A(: Volunteerism &mpacts

8on$ro%it" !onDt %o"ter volunteeri"m & they are be#oming highly $ro%e""ionali<e! William A% S#hambra 6;;9 is the director of 4udson &nstituteFs Bradley Center for <hilanthropy and Ci.ic 3ene$al% 3estorin
<ublic Confidence in the Donprofit 'ector http://pcr%hudson%or /inde=%cfmG fuseactionHpublicationIdetailsJidHC0++Jpub(ypeH<C3IArticles Accessed ,uly 1+0 2009 (o some de ree reflectin these de.elopments0 the nonprofit sector is rapidly professionaliKin itself% (hat mi ht seem to be an unalloyed ood% But as e.er more nonprofit positions are filled by trained e=perts0 $ho are raduated in e.er lar er numbers from the s$ellin list of centers for nonprofit mana ement education0 the once8close lin# bet$een the e.eryday citiKen and the nonprofit or aniKation is $ea#ened e.en further% &n lar e nonprofits0 .olunteers ha.e lon since ceased performin the critical ser.ice functions% But today e.en the interaction $ith the community is put in the hands of professionals% ;und8raisin is often done by e=perts0 not by enthusiastic .olunteer staff or board members% :.en .olunteerin itself is bein professionaliKed% We hear more and more about 1.olunteer mana ement7 ! as if .olunteers $ere a some$hat bal#y resource re*uirin e=pert processin before they can be useful0 rather than the heart and soul of the sector%

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A>> AT: International Charity

)* =rgani<ation" ill "ee a billion !ollar !e#rea"e in #ontribution" & government ai! i" the only thing thatD" "table Hu!"on In"titute C e n t e r % o r 7 l o b a l : r o " $ e r i t y, 6;;5* -(he Center for 2lobal <rosperity -c p/ pro.ides a
platformLthrou h conferences0 discussions0 publications0 and media appearancesLto create a$areness amon 6%'% and international opinion leaders0 as $ell as the eneral public0 about the central role of the pri.ate sector0 both for8profi t and not8for8profi t0 in the creation of economic ro$th and prosperity in the de.elopin $orld%/ 1(he &nde= of 2lobal <hilanthropy and 3emittances 20097 http://$$$%hudson%or /files/documents/&nde=O20ofO202lobalO20<hilanthropyO20andO203emittancesO202009%pdf Accessed ,uly 120 2009 Accordin to 'amuel Worthin ton0 head of &nterAction0 a coalition that represents international p.os0 international charities and de.elopment or aniKations could face a A1 billion decrease in contributions annually as a result of the recession and cutbac#s in foundation0 indi.idual0 and corporate i.in % 4e predicts that pri.ate contributions to international charities $ill decline >!1> percent annually% @any international n os0 ho$e.er0 ha.e multi8year commitments from foundations and o.ernments0 $hich should pro.ide some fi nancial stability% (heir o.erall situation0 many predict0 $ill depend on the len th of the recession% ); Charities such as World Vision and Catholic Charities say they are $aitin to see the full impact of the slo$8do$nP World Vision has cut bac# on hirin % )) care says the do$nturn has not yet affected the or aniKation%)6 @ost international charities say they are $aitin to see $hat the future $ill hold and hopin that reater a$areness of the interconnectedness of the $orld $ill bode $ell for the future of international i.in % <ri.ate i.in to reli ious or aniKations is e.en more stable% &n a sur.ey conducted by the :.an elical Council for ;inancial Accountability0 $hich represents 10+60 churches and other Christian roups0 72 percent met or e=ceeded their fundraisin oals for the fi nal *uarter of 2009%)- And0 prospects may be e.en bri hter for $eb8based i.in : online charitable i.in rose 2+ percent in December 2009%)

6* 8o im$a#t: remittan#e" are more im$ortant than !onation" Hu!"on In"titute C e n t e r % o r 7 l o b a l : r o " $ e r i t y, 6;;5* -(he Center for 2lobal <rosperity -c p/ pro.ides a
platformLthrou h conferences0 discussions0 publications0 and media appearancesLto create a$areness amon 6%'% and international opinion leaders0 as $ell as the eneral public0 about the central role of the pri.ate sector0 both for8profi t and not8for8profi t0 in the creation of economic ro$th and prosperity in the de.elopin $orld%/ 1(he &nde= of 2lobal <hilanthropy and 3emittances 20097 http://$$$%hudson%or /files/documents/&nde=O20ofO202lobalO20<hilanthropyO20andO203emittancesO202009%pdf Accessed ,uly 120 2009 (he secret $eapon in this lobal recession0 ho$e.er0 may $ell be the remittances sent from mi rants li.in in de.eloped countries bac# to their families and home to$ns in de.elopin countries% (he 2lobal 3emittances chapter pro.ides an in8depth loo# at these massi.e flo$s0 $hich e=ceed total oda and are C> percent of pri.ate capital flo$s to poor nations% Despite the economic do$nturn in 20090 remittances to the de.elopin $orld still re$ nine percent%1> Enly in the be innin of 2009 did remittances be in to decline0 the first decline since trac#in be an at the be innin of the decade% But the World Ban# pro"ects remittance flo$s to de.elopin countries to fall by only >!9 percent in 2009% (hus0 as pri.ate capital fl o$s decline as e=pected in 20090 the more resilient remittance fl o$s0 alon $ith philanthropic donations0 $ill continue to be critical lifelines to help de.elopin countries $eather the economic storm%

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Exten"ion & Remittan#e"

8o im$a#t to the !i"a! & remittan#e" %rom migrant or(er" are the large"t #a"h %lo %rom the 1S to the !evelo$ing orl! Hu!"on In"titute C e n t e r % o r 7 l o b a l : r o " $ e r i t y, 6;;5* -(he Center for 2lobal <rosperity -c p/ pro.ides a
platformLthrou h conferences0 discussions0 publications0 and media appearancesLto create a$areness amon 6%'% and international opinion leaders0 as $ell as the eneral public0 about the central role of the pri.ate sector0 both for8profi t and not8for8profi t0 in the creation of economic ro$th and prosperity in the de.elopin $orld%/ 1(he &nde= of 2lobal <hilanthropy and 3emittances 20097 http://$$$%hudson%or /files/documents/&nde=O20ofO202lobalO20<hilanthropyO20andO203emittancesO202009%pdf Accessed ,uly 120 2009 3emittances from indi.iduals0 families and hometo$n associations in the 6nited 'tates to the de.elopin $orld reached A79 billion in 2007% (his $as more than three and a half times lar er than 6%'% o.ernment aid and one8third of the total 6%'% financial en a ement $ith de.elopin countries% After pri.ate capital fl o$s0 remittances $ere the lar est 6%'% financial flo$ to the de.elopin $orld in 2007% (he financial crisis is hi hli htin their importance to de.elopin countries0 as they are e=pected to remain resilient relati.e to pri.ate capital and official flo$s o.er the ne=t year%+> 6%'% remittances alone $ere 76 percent of total dac donors? oda in 20070 up from 69 percent in 2006% <ri.ate capital fl o$s represented the lar est 6%'% economic en a ement $ith the de.elopin $orld in 2007 at A97%> billion0 a >6 percent increase from 2006%+6 (his in.estment and lendin on mar#et terms includes direct in.estment0 pri.ate e=port credits0 securities0 ban# credits and other pri.ate transactions $ith de.elopin countries% 3epresentin +0 percent of all donor countries? pri.ate capital fl o$s to the de.elopin $orld0 6%'% sources pro.ided more pri.ate capital than any other dac country% &t is this capital that creates "obs0 raises producti.ity0 transfers s#ills and technolo y0 and boosts e=port industries in de.elopin countriesLfactors that economists see as critical in creatin ro$th and prosperity%

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