3-1

N M V

N =b+R2j

(3-1)

N b R j

1.
2.
3.
4.()
5.

3-2

3-1

(a)

(b)

(c)
3-1
25

()
3-2

(a)

(b)

(c)
3-2
3-3

(a)

(b)
3-3

26

3-3

1.

(a)
(b)

(c)
B

D
F

(b)

(a)

3-4
3-4(a) AC S AC = 0 3-4(b) BD CD
S BD = 0 S CD = 0
2.
(a)
B

3-5
27

S BC

3-5 BC CD C C
= 0 S CD = 0

(b)

P
C
D

B
A

E
F
P
3-6

3-6 ABBC BF B B
AB BC BF S BF = 0 DF
S DF = 0
(c)

E
H

F
P

3-7
3-7 m-m BG n-n DG S BG = 0
S DG = 0
28

3-4

1.()
Fx = 0 Fy = 0

2
A

B
1
P
3-8

3-8 R A H A 12 A
Fx = 0 Fy = 0 12
S1 S 2 3-9
S1

A
HA

S2

RA

3-9

29

2.

(a)

(b)
(1) 3-10 a mm
a
m

m
a
a

P
(a)

(b)
3-10

(2) K ab
3-11 m-m
m
a

b
m
P
3-11

30

(3)U a U 3-12
m-m U

3-12 U

(4) 3-13
a

a
P

3-13
3.

a
o
b

m
3-14

31

 3-14 K ab
om-m
4. 3-15(a)

3-15(b)(c)
S
u DG S DG AD

X =

S
S = S ' + Xu
u

F
G

a
P

32

'
S AB

F
G

P
b
D

1
A

F
G

P
c AD

3-15
AD DG DG

'
S DG
+ u DG X = 0

X = S AD =
33

'
S DG
u DG

5. X
X X
3-16

F
G

3-16
3-16 AD S AD = X DEG
( X ) P
G X X AD X

1.
2.
3.

1.

34

2P
C
60

60

I
A

3-17
3-17 BCDI BD
3-18 3-18(a) S BD 3-18(b)
BD 3-18(c)
a
P

P
m

D
G

(a)
S BD

S BD

(b)
2P

60

S BD

60

S BD

(c)
3-18
35

2.

P1

P2

SCD

SAB

SBD

SCA
SBE

SCF

SAF

SEF

P3

SDE

P4
a

P1
=
C

B
'
S AB

D
F

P4
P2
C

"
S AB

D
F

P3
c
3-19
36

 3-19a S AB , S BD , S BE , LLL , S AF
3-19a 3-19b
3-19 c 3-19 b
'
'
'
'
S AB
, S BE
, S BD
, LLL , S AF
3-19c
"
"
"
"
S AB , S BE , S BD , LLL , S AF 3-19a
'
"
S AB = S AB
+ S AB
'
"
S BD = S BD
+ S BD
'
"
S BE = S BE
+ S BE

'
"
S AF = S AF
+ S AF
'
'
'
"
"
"
'
'
S AC
= SCF
= SCD
= 0 S AB
= S BE
= S BD
= 0 S AB = S AB
S BD = S BD

'
"
"
"
S BE = S BE
S AC = S AC
SCF = SCF
SCD = SCD

3.

P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

P7

P2 +

1
(P1 + P3 )
2

P4 +

1
(P3 + P5 )
2

b
37

P6 +

1
(P5 + P7 )
2

P1
1
P1
2

P3

P5
1
(P3 + P5 )
2
c

1
(P1 + P3 )
2

P7
1
(P5 + P7 )
2

1
P7
2

3-20
3-20(a) 3-20(b)(c)
3-20(b)(c) 3-20(b)(c)
X X 3-20(b)(c)

X = X + X

4.

3-21

m
B

P
4@L=4L

3-21
38

 m-m 3-22

B
S BG
S CH

A
H
1.5P

3-22
CH S CH = 0 BG
CF S CF = 0 DC

3-23

4@L=4L

3-23

1. Fx = 0 F y = 0 M = 0
2.
3.

39

 3-1

30t

C
B

3m

30t
E
D

A
4m

4m

MD = 0
RA 8 30 4 = 0

RA = 15 t ( )
FX = 0
H D + 30 = 0
H D = 30 t ( )
FY = 0
RD 30 + 15 = 0

()

RD = 15 t

S AE = 0 ; SCE = 0

(1) A
S AE = 0

S AB

A
15t

40

3m

 FY = 0
S AB + 15 = 0

S AB = 15 t ()

(2) B
S BC

B
30t

S BE
S AB = 15 t

FY = 0

( 15) S BC 3 = 0
S BC

5
= 25 t ()

FX = 0

( 25) 4 + S BE + 30 = 0
S BE

5
= 10 t ()

(3) D
SCD

D
S DE

30 t

15 t

FY = 0

3
=0
5
= 25 t ()

15 + SCD
SCD
FX = 0

( 25) 4 + S DE + 30 = 0
S DE

5
= 10 t ()

41

 3-2
BGBCHG

30 t
C

30

3m
B

D
3m

m
4@4m=16m

MA = 0
30 4 + 30 8 16 RE = 0

RE = 22.5 t ( )

FX = 0
HA = 0

FY = 0
30 + 30 22.5 RA = 0

RA = 37.5 t ( )

S BH = S DF = S DG = 0

m-m
MG = 0

3
S BC 8 + 37.5 8 30 4 = 0
5
S BC = 37.5 t ()
MB = 0

37.5 4 SGH 3 = 0
SGH = 50 t ()
42

 FX = 0

50 + ( 37.5)
S BG

4
4
+ S BG = 0
5
5
= 25 t ()
30 t
S BC

B
S BG

A
G

SGH

37.5t
3-3
ABCDEF

4m

1m

20 t

C
1m
F

E
m

1m

4m

MA = 0
20 4 5 RD = 0
43

3m

RD = 16 t ( )
FX = 0
H A + 20 = 0

H A = 20 t ( )

FY = 0
RA + 16 = 0

RA = 16 t ( )

m-m

20t
P

O
S EF

SCD

S AB

FX = 0
S EF 20 = 0

S EF = 20 t ()

MO = 0
S AB 5 20 1 = 0
S AB = 4 t ()

MP = 0

20 1 + SCD 5 = 0
SCD = 4 t ()

44

 3-4
123

4m

A
B
30 t

30 t
8@3m=24m

MA = 0
30 6 + 30 18 24 RB = 0

RB = 30 t ( )

FX = 0
HA = 0

FY = 0
30 + 30 30 RA = 0

RA = 30 t ( )

m
3

A
n

m
30 t

B
30 t

2 S 2 = 0
45


(1) m-m

S3

30t
30t

MO = 0

4 S3 + 30 12 30 6 = 0
S3 = 45 t ()
(2) n-n

S1

30 t

FY = 0

4
S1 = 0
5
S1 = 37.5 t ()

30

46

 3-5

45 t

E
6m

J
6m
F

6m
A

G
m

8m

8m

MA = 0

45 8 16 RG = 0
RG = 22.5 t ( )
FX = 0
HA = 0

FY = 0
45 22.5 RA = 0

RA = 22.5 t ( )

S BC = SCD = SGH = 0

(1) m-m

47

45t

m
D

S DE

S DJ

S IJ

I
S IH

A
S AH

22.5t

MD = 0
18 S AH 22.5 8 = 0

S AH = 10 t ()

MH = 0
18 S DE + 22.5 8 = 0

S DE = 10 t ()

(2) A
S AI

S AB

S AH = 10 t

22.5t

FX = 0

4
S AI = 0
5
= 12.5 t ()

10 +
S AI

FY = 0

3
( 12.5) + 22.5 + S AB = 0
5
S AB = 15 t ()
48

(3) D
45t

SCD = 0

S DE = 10 t

S BD

S DJ
FX = 0

4
S BD ( 10) = 0
5
S BD = 12.5 t ()
FY = 0

3
( 12.5) + 45 + S DJ = 0
5
S DJ = 37.5 t ()
(4) B
S BC = 0

S BD

S AB = 15 t

S BI

FX = 0

4
4
S BI 12.5 = 0
5
5
S BI = 12.5 t ()
(5) H
S HF
S HI
S AH = 10 t

S HG = 0

H
49

 FX = 0

10
S HF

4
S HF = 0
5
= 12.5 t ()

FY = 0

3
12.5 + S HF = 0
5
S HI = 7.5 t ()
(6) G
SGF

S HG = 0

22.5t

FY = 0

22.5 + SGF = 0
SGF = 22.5 t ()
(7) F
S FJ

S EF

SGF

S HF

FX = 0

4 4
+ S FJ = 0
5 5
= 12.5 t ()

12.5
S FJ
FY = 0

3
3
S EF ( 22.5) 12.5 + ( 12.5) = 0
5
5
S EF = 7.5 t ()
50

(8) J
S DJ

S EJ

J
S IJ

S FJ

FX = 0

4 4
+ S EJ = 0
5 5
= 12.5 t ()

12.5
S EJ
FY = 0

3
3
S IJ ( 37.5) 12.5 + ( 12.5) = 0
5
5
S IJ = 22.5 t ()

3-6
abc

E
a

b
R

J
K

A
P

30 2 t 6@4m=24m

MA = 0

30 2 8 24 RK = 0

51

4m
4m

()

RK = 10 2 t
FX = 0
HA = 0

FY = 0

30 2 10 2 R A = 0

()

R A = 20 2 t

S CD = S CB = S HI = S IJ = S LK = S AP = 0

Dm

a
B

b
R

F r

J
K

A
Pm

O n N

30 2 t

(1) Q
S QD

Sa

Q
S QP

S QO

FX = 0

1
2

Sa +

1
2

S QO = 0

S QO = S a

(2) m-m

52

S DE

Sa

S QO

S PO

20 2 t
FY = 0

1
2

S a + 20 2

1
2

S a = 20 t ()

S QO = 0

S QO = 20 t ()

(3) E

E
S DE

S EF

Sb

S a = 20 t
FY = 0

S b + 20
=0
2

20
Sb =
t ()
2
(4) n-n

E
S EF

Sb
B

S OR

A
P

S ON

20 2 t
53

MO = 0

20 2 8 + 8 S EF = 0
S EF = 20 2 t ()
ME = 0
20 2 8 S ON 8 = 0
S ON = 20 2 t ()

(5) r-r

S GF

S GS
T

S MS
S MN

J
K

L
10 2 t

MG = 0
10 2 8 S MN 8 = 0
S MN = 10 2 t ()

MN = 0
10 2 8 + 8 S GF = 0
S GF = 10 2 t ()

(6) F

54

S EF = 20 2 t

S GF = 10 2 t
S FS

S FR

FY = 0

1
2

S FR +

S FS = 0

S FR = S FS
FX = 0

20 2 +

S FS

S FR 10 2

2
= 10 t ()

1
2

S FS = 0

S FR = 10 t ()

(7) N
S NR

S NS

S ON = 20 2 t

S MN = 10 2 t
N

FY = 0

1
2

S NR +

1
2

S NS = 0

S NR = S NS
FX = 0

20 2 +

1
2

S NR 10 2

S NS = 10 t ()
S NR = 10 t ()
(8) R

Sb =

20
2

1
2

S NS = 0

t
S FR = 10 t

Sc

S NR = 10 t
S RO
55

 FX = 0

10 + S c

2
Sc = 0

10 = 0

3-7
AD

D
4m

8m

F
G
20 t
3m

3m

3m

3m

MA = 0
20 6 12 RF = 0

RF = 10 t ( )

FX = 0
HA = 0

FY = 0
20 10 RA = 0
56

RA = 10 t ( )

AD S AD = X
(1) D
SCD

S AD = X

S DE

FY = 0

4
4
X + S DE = 0
5
5
S DE = X
FX = 0

3
3

X + SCD X = 0
5
5

6
SCD = X
5
(2) E
S DE

S EG
FX = 0

S EF

3
3
( X ) + S EG = 0
5
5
S EG = X
FY = 0

57

4
4

X X = 0
5
5

8
= X
5

S EF +
S EF

(3) S BG = S EG = X
(4) G

S BG = X

S EG = X

S AG

S FG

20 t

FY = 0

4
4
X + X 20 = 0
5
5
X = 12.5 t ()

S AD = X = 12.5 t ()

58

 3-8
BCCI
20 t

60

60

D
5m

I
A

E
H

10 t

10 t

5m

5m

5m

5m

MA = 0
10 5 + 10 15 + 20 10 20 RE = 0
RE = 20 t ( )

FX = 0
HA = 0

FY = 0
10 + 10 + 20 20 RA = 0

RA = 20 t ( )

S BG = S DG = 0

BD
20 t

10t

10t

C
B

10 t

10 t
59

10t

10t
m

10t

10t
m

(1) m-m
10t

S BD

S BG
A

G
SGH

H
10t

20t

MG = 0
S BD 5 + 20 5 10 5 10 5 = 0
S BD = 20 t ()

(2) B
20t

B
-20t

10t

C
60

60
I

10t

60

-20t

S BC
B

30

-20t

30
10t

FX = 0

S BG

S BC Cos30 + S BG Cos30 ( 20 ) = 0

S BC Sin30 S BG Sin30 + 10 = 0

FY = 0

2
S BC = 21.55 t ()
S BG = 1.55 t ()
(3) I
SCI
S BG = 1.55 t
S DI

I
FX = 0
1.55 Cos30 S EF Cos30 = 0
S DI = 1.55 t ()

FY = 0

1.55 Sin30 + SCI + ( 1.55) Sin30 = 0

SCI = 1.55 t ()

61

 3-9
ABCDEF
10 t

10 t

C
5m
D

5m

F
10 t

E
10 t

10m

5m

ab
ab
S ' S " ab
S = S ' + S "
a

10 t

10 t

A
F
10 t

E
10 t

a
(1)
MA = 0
10 10 20 RD' = 0
RD' = 5 t ( )
FX = 0

H A' = 0
FY = 0

R A' + RD' 10 10 = 0
R A' = 15 t ( )
62

(2)
'
'
'
a S AC
= S CF
= S CD
=0

(3) A
'
S AD

S A' = 0

'
S AE

15 t
FY = 0
'
S AB
+ 15 = 0
'
S AB = 15 t ()

FX = 0
'
S AE
=0

10 t

10 t

A
F
10 t

E
10 t

(1)
MA = 0
10 20 + 10 5 20 RD" = 0
R D" = 12.5 t ( )
FX = 0

H A" = 0
FY = 0

R A" + RD" 10 10 = 0
R A" = 7.5 t ( )
63

(2)
"
"
"
b S AB
= S BE
= S BD
=0

(3) D
"
S CD

"
S DF

12.5 t
FY = 0
"
S CD
+ 12.5 = 0
"
S CD
= 12.5 t ()

FX = 0
"
S DF
=0

ABCDEF

'
"
S AB = S AB
+ S AB
= 15 + 0 = 15 t ()

'
"
S CD = S CD
+ S CD
= 0 12.5 = 12.5 t ()
'
"
S EF = S AE
+ S DF
= 0+0 = 0

64

 3-10
CLLNDOOJ

C
5m

5m

F
M
10 t

L
10 t

10 t

10 t

10 t

10 t

10 t

8@4m=32m

ab
ab
S ' S " ab
S = S ' + S "
a

C
B

F
M

L
20 t

J
20 t

H
m
20 t

a
(1)
MA = 0
20 8 + 20 16 + 20 24 32 RF' = 0
R F' = 30 t ( )
FX = 0
65

H A' = 0
FY = 0

R A' + 30 20 3 = 0
R A' = 30 t ( )
(2)
a
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
S BH
= S BL
= S NL
= S NK
= S OI
= S OH
= S EH
= S EG
=0

(3) L
'
S CL
'
S BL
=0

'
S NL
=0

'
S LM

'
S LK

20 t
FY = 0
'
S CL
20 = 0
'
S CL
= 20 t ()

(4) m-m
D

'
S CD

'
OH

'
S OD
=0

E
F

'
S IH

H
m
20 t

FY = 0

1
2

G
30 t

'
S OD
+ 20 30 = 0

66

'
S OD
= 10 2 t ()

(5) O
'
S OD
= 10 2 t

O
'
S OJ

'
OI

'
S OH
=0

=0

FY = 0

1
2

'
S OJ

'
S OD
=0

'
S OJ
= 10 2 t ()

F
M

n
10 t
5t

10 t

r
10 t

10 t

10 t

10 t

10 t

(1)
b
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
S BC
= S CL
= S CN
= S CD
= S DO
= S DH
= S DE
=0

(2) n-n

67

5t

C
"
S CN
=0

"
S LN

"
S LK

M
5t

L
10 t

10 t

FY = 0

1
2

"
S LN
+ 5 + 10 10 = 0

"
S LN
= 5 2 t ()

(3) r-r
D

"
S CD
=0

O
S

"
OJ

F
S

"
JI

I
10 t

H
10 t

G
10 t 5 t

FY = 0
"
S OJ

1
2

+ 10 + 10 10 5 = 0

"
S OJ
= 5 2 t ()

ab CLLNOD
OJ
'
"
S CL = S CL
+ S CL
= 20 + 0 = 20 t ()
'
"
S LN = S LN
+ S LN
= 0 5 2 = 5 2 t ()

68

'
"
S OD = S OD
+ S OD
= 10 2 + 0 = 10 2 t ()

'
"
S OJ = S OJ
+ S OJ
= 20 + 0 = 20 t ()

3-11
BCBGCHGH

m
B

D
5m

E
H

F
40 t

4@5m=20m

MA = 0
40 15 20 R E = 0

RE = 30 t ( )

FX = 0
HA = 0

FY = 0
R A + 30 40 = 0

R A = 10 t ( )

m-m
B
A

S BC

S BG
S CH
H S GH G

10 t
69

 CH S CH = 0
BG

FY = 0

1
2

S BG 10 = 0

S BG = 10 2 t ()

MG = 0
S BC 5 + 10 10 = 0
S BC = 20 t ()
MC = 0
S GH 5 10 10 + 10 2
S GH = 10 t ()

70

1
2

5 = 0