Notes, Past Papers, MCQs GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Questions Answers General Knowledge Paper MCQS

! w"at plants e#"ale at nig"t $ar%ondio#ide &! 'elo$it( o) sound *+s ,-, ,!w"i$" 'ita*ins not stored in "u*an %od(. C

-! la/e o) 'ita*in $ $reate w"i$" disease s/in desease 0!w"i$" 'ita*in "elp %lood $lotting. K 1! )ounder o) *usli* rule in india. 2utu%uddin a%e/ 3! ra4ia sultana %elong to. sla'e d(nast(

5! se$ond %attle o) panipat )oug"t %+w

$orre$t option was not present *( answer was none o) t"ese6a/%ar 's "i*u %a/al7 8! atto$/ )ort was $onstru$ted %( a/%ar 9! *an$"er la/e situated in . dadu ! pa/istan nu*%er a*ong world population. 1t" &! s"are o) pun:a% a*ong area o) pa/istan &0; ,! lengt" o) /"(%er pass 0,/* -! uriniu* resour$es )ound in pa/istan. D G /"an 0! *ostl( part o) go%i desert )ound in . *angolia 1! ta/la*a/an desert )ound in #in:aning $"ina 3! longest ri'er o) t"e world is . nile 5! largest sea o) t"e world . sout" $"ina sea 8!largest $oastal %oundr( $ountr(. $anada

&9! %ra4il situated in . sout" a*eri$a & !w"i$" $ountr( is peninsula. saudi ara%ia &&! pa/istan situates on w"i$" line. ! e2uator &! $an$er ,! ine$apri$orn -! none $orreet answer is option &,! *a$*o"an line is situated %+w . india and $"ina &-! w"o is da'id patrias. a*eri$an general in a)g"anistan &0! *eter is e2ual to . ,<&5 )oot &1! $aspian sea *a/es "is %oundries wit" =ran, Russia, Ka4a/"stan and >ur/*enistan, A4er%ai:an< &3! largest agen$( a*ong area in pa/istan. sout" wa4irastan &5! old na*e o) ira2. *esopoti*ia &8!%lood is red due to . "ae*oglo%in ,9!*arian tren$e situated near. p"ilpines , ! "ead2uarter o) g"and"ara $i'ili4ation is. te#ila ,&! "ead 2uarter o) saar$ is situated at.

/"at*andu ,,! *a#i*u* wool produ$eing $ountr( is. australia ,-! o))i$ial religion o) :apan is . s"intois* ,0! w"i$" ele*ent use )or produ$ing nu$lear )uel. uriniu* ,1! w"o *an( ra//"u in ,9 paraa o) 2uran ,8 ,3!w"i$" is less $ondu$ter ! iron, &!$opper ,! sil'er -! wood *( answer was wood %ut not satis)ied ,5!nigara )all lies %+w u<s<a and $anida ,8! w"i$" is s*allest $ountr( o) world a*ong area ! *aldee'e &! *alta ,! san *arino -! %a"reen $ore$t answer is option , san *arino -9!"ol( prop"et p%u" appoited go'erner o) (e*an )or $olle$tion 4a/at. "a4rat *ua4 %in :a%al - ! w"o *an( ti*es 4a/at *ention in 2uran. ,& ti*es -&!w"i$" sura gi'es details a*ong 4a/at re$ei'er. sura tu%a -,!w"ere ist wa"ii na4all "oe. g"ari "ira --! w"en 4a/at de$lered *ust & "i:ra -0!lig"t o) sun rea$" in eart" 5<0 *int6 w"ile ot"er options was ,*int -*int 1<0 *int7 -1! "ead2uarter o) =LO situated in . gene'a

-3! *usli* league na*e was purposed %(. nawa% salee* ulla" /"an o) da"a/a -5! :uandi$e is distur% o) w"i$" part o) %od( li'er -8! 2uaid a4a* lea'e $ongress due to non! $operati'e *o*ent %( gand"i 09!in "apatiets w"i$" organ distur% li'er 0 ! nisa% in t"e a*ount o) gold 53<-5 gra*6 %ut in paper t"ere was not dot present %+w 53 and-57 0&! nisa% in sil'er is. 1 &<,& gra* 0,!produ$e w"i$" is e2ual to nisa%. 8-5/g w"eat or e2ual 0-!i) a person "a'ing *illat 599/g w"ose pri4e is "al) a*ong w"eat w"o *an( rupees "e pa( 4a/at 4ero 00!w"o was ?at"er o) t"e ?ren$" Re'olution. @ean!@a$2ues Rousseau ! 01!statue o) )reedo* in new(ar/ is gi'en %( )ran$e 03! wall street is a )a*ous. sto$/ *ar/et in new(or/ 05! sunlig"t $onsist o) $olours a! %! , $!36 not $on)ar* waiting )or repl(7

08!t"eor( o) relati'et( is presented %(. einstien 19! $as" $rop is. w"i$" not $ulti'ated )or own use 1 !arti)i$ial $ulti'ated area gi'e a*ount us"r e2ual to +&9 1&! i) a person o%tained so*et"ing )ro* underground t"e a*ount o) 4a/at apli$a%le +0 1,!4a/at a*ong goat apli$a%le on -9 goats 1-! a*ount o) 4a/at a*ong gold sil'er and si*ilar t"ings &<0 ; 10! a go'ern*ent $o*pan( o%tained its gi'es as a 4a/at 4ero 11!4a/at ordinan$e pro*ulgated on &9 :une 859 13!a$$ording to se$tion 3 taulu2a $o**itte is e2ual to te"sil $o**iitte 15! das*an pala$e is residen$e o) a*eer /wait 18!pro$elain tower is present in $"ina 39! w"i$" *usli* organi4ation )ounded in Ra%ita al!Ala* al!=sla*i 81& %illion net pro)it tell w"o *u$" rupees

3 ! $rtograp"( is t"e stud( o) se$ret writting 3&!)ounder o) sou$t *o*e*t Ro%ert Aaden!Powell 3,! el(see pala$e is t"e residen$e o) )ren$" president 3-! se$ond largest population in a)g"anistan. ta:i/ 30!worldwide spread disease is $alled. epide*i$ 31! 4a/at (ear start on a$$ording to "i:ra $lender 33! 4a/at (ear end . ,9 s"a%an 35! go'erner appointe $"ie) ad*inister wit" t"e $onsult wit" )ederal go'ern*ent 38! ad*inisterator general appointed %( president 59! >"e *agnitude o) eart"2ua/e is *easured wit". Ri$"ter S$ale 5 ! W"o )orwarded t"e La"ore6Pa/istan7 Resolution. A<K )a4lul "a2 5&! East =ndia Co*pan( $a*e to =ndia in t"e reign o)B A7S"a" @a"an A7 @a"angir C7 Aurang4e% D7 Aa%ar 5,! >"e largest Musli* $ountr( a$$ording to area is. /a4a/istan

s5-! Ca/at $an %e spent onBA7 >ra'elers A7 Sla'es C7 Masa/in D7All o) t"ese 50! Ca/at is e#e*pted onB A7S"eep gra4ing )ed )ree in pastures A7 ?ruits C7 Degeta%les D7 All o) t"e* 51! W"o was /nown as t"e Man o) Destin(. nepolin %ona part 53! Ada*Es Pea/ is in. sri lan/a 55! A$$ording to t"e Ca/at Ordinan$e Ca/at arrears are $olle$ted %(. te"sildar 58! Red Cross+Cres$ent FQ is in. gene'a 89!Arain Drain trans)er o) S/illed la%ors 8 !!lig"t (ear $o*plete dire$tion in (ear 8&!!*usi$ian o) ant"a* is A"*ed gula*i $"agla 8,! )irst us"r re$ei'e . 85&!5, ra%i $rop 8-!DC $o**itte disol'ed i) G*e*%er re*ain not pious 80! i) a person )ailed to pa( 4a/at w"at a$t $an do. send a noti$e

General Knowledge Paper

MCQS

1- what plants exhale at night carbondioxide 2- velocity of sound m/s 343 3-which vitamins not stored in human C "- la#e of vitamin c create which disease skin desease $-which vitamin help % &- founder of muslim rule in india! qutubuddin abek '- ra(ia sultana slave dynasty )- second attle of panipat fought /w elong to! lood clotting! ody!

correct option was not present my answer was none of these(akbar vs himu bakal) *- attoc# fort was constructed akbar 1+- mancher la#e situated in ! dadu 11- pa#istan num er among world population! 6th 12- share of pun,a among area of pa#istan y

25 13- length of #hy er pass 53km 1"- urinium resources found in pa#istan! ! " khan 1$- mostly part of go i desert found in ! man#olia 1&- ta#lama#an desert found in xin$anin# china 1'- longest river of the world is ! nile 1)- largest sea of the world ! south china sea 1*-largest coastal canada oundry country!

2+- ra(il situated in ! south america 21-which country is peninsula! saudi arabia 22- pa#istan situates on which line! %& equator 2& cancer 3& inecapricorn 4& none correet answer is option 4 23- macmohan line is situated india and china 2"- who is david patrias! american #eneral in af#hanistan 2$- 1 meter is e-ual to ! 3'2( foot 2&- caspian sea ma#es his oundries with )ran* +ussia* ,a-akhstan and .urkmenistan* /-erbai$an' 2'- largest agency among area in pa#istan! south wa-irastan 2)- old name of ira-! mesopotimia 2*- lood is red due to ! haemo#lobin /w !

3+-marian trence situated near! philpines 31- head-uarter of ghandhara civili(ation is! texila 32- head -uarter of saarc is situated at! khatmandu 33- maximum wool produceing country is! australia 3"- official religion of ,apan is ! shintoism 3$- which element use for producing nuclear fuel! urinium 3&- who many ra##hu in 3+ paraa of -uran 30 3'-which is less conducter %& iron* 2&copper 3& silver 4& wood my answer was wood but not satisfied 3)-nigara fall lies /w u's'a and canida 3*- which is smallest country of world among area %& maldeeve 2& malta 3& san marino 4& bahreen corect answer is option 3 san marino "+-holy prophet p uh appoited governer of yeman for collection (a#at! ha-rat mua- bin $abal "1- who many times (a#at mention in -uran! 32 times "2-which sura gives details among (a#at receiver! sura tuba "3-where ist wahii na(all hoe! #hari hira ""- when (a#at declered must 2 hi$ra "$-light of sun reach in earth ('5 mint( while other options was 3mint 4mint 6'5 mint) "&- head-uarter of ./0 situated in ! #eneva "'- muslim league name was purposed nawab saleem ullah khan of dahaka ")- ,uandice is distur liver of which part of y! ody

"*- -uaid a(am leave congress due to

non& coperative moment by #andhi $+-in hapatiets which organ distur liver $1- nisa in the amount of gold (1'4( #ram( but in paper there was not dot present b2w (1 and4() $2- nisa in silver is! 6%2'32 #ram $3-produce which is e-ual to nisa ! 04(k# wheat or equal $"-if a person having millat1)++#g whose pri(e is half among wheat who many rupees he pay (a#at -ero $$-who was 1ather of the 1rench 2evolution! 3ean&3acques +ousseau & $&-statue of freedom in newyar# is given france $'- wall street is a famous! stock market in newyork $)- sunlight consist of colours a&% b& 3 c&1( not confarm waitin# for reply) $*-theory of relativety is presented einstien &+- cash crop is! which not cultivated for own use &1-artificial cultivated area give amount ushr e-ual to %224 &2- if a person o tained something from underground the amount of (a#at aplica le %25 &3-(a#at among goat aplica le on 44 #oats &"- amount of (a#at among gold silver and similar things 2'5 &$- a government company o tained 1 gives as a (a#at -ero illion net profit tell who much rupees its y! y

&&-(a#at ordinance promulgated on 24 $une %0(4 &'-according to section1' taulu-a committe is e-ual to tehsil commiitte &)- dasman palace is residence of ameer kwait &*-procelain tower is present in china '+- which muslim organi(ation founded in 1*&2 +abita al&/lam al&)slami '1- crtography is the study of secret writtin# '2-founder of souct momemt +obert 5aden&6owell '3- elysee palace is the residence of french president '"- second largest population in afghanistan! ta$ik '$-worldwide spread disease is called! epidemic '&- (a#at year start on accordin# to hi$ra clender ''- (a#at year end ! 34 shaban ')- governer appointe chief administer with the consult with federal #overnment '*- administerator general appointed y president )+- 3he magnitude of earth-ua#e is measured with! +ichter 7cale )1- 4ho forwarded the /ahore56a#istan7 2esolution! /', fa-lul haq )2- 8ast .ndia Company came to .ndia in the reign of9 /)7hah 3ahan 5) 3ahan#ir 8) /uran#-eb !) 5abar )3- 3he largest Muslim country according to area is! ka-akistan )"- :a#at can e spent on9/)

.ravelers 5) 7laves 8) 9asakin !)/ll of these )$- :a#at is exempted on9 /)7heep #ra-in# fed free in pastures 5) :ruits 8) ;e#etables !) /ll of them )&- 4ho was #nown as the Man of ;estiny! nepolin bona part )'- <dam=s 6ea# is in! sri lanka ))- <ccording to the :a#at 0rdinance :a#at arrears are collected tehsildar )*- 2ed Cross/Crescent >Q is in! #eneva *+-?rain ;rain transfer of 7killed labors *1--light year complete direction in % year *2--musician of antham is /hmed #ulami cha#la *3- first ushr receive ! %0(2&(3 rabi crop *"-;: committe disolved if <member remain not pious *$- if a person failed to pay (a#at what act can do! y!

General Knowledge Paper 2

General Knowledge!!!
17 4hich of the following rivers crosses the e-uator twice! 7 Congo 27 4hich is the longest river of <merica! 7 Mississippi 37 ;on is river of ! 7 2ussia "7 4hat is the length of #hy er pass!

c7 $& #m $7 /ongest glacier of the world is /am ert situated in <ntarctica@ what is it=s length! a7 32+ Miles &7 4hich of the following la#e is most polluted la#e in the world! d7 /a#e eire '7 3ugela water fall is present in! 7 South <frica )7 Aota canal is the ship canal situated in ! c7 Sweden *7 %iel canal of Aermany was opened in 1)*$ what is it=s length! c7 &1B3 miles 1+7 8rie canal is situated in ! c7 CS< 117 >ouston and ;elware canals are present in the country! 7 1rance 127 Arand canal is oldest man made canal for shiping purpose situated in! 7 China 137 6ersian Aulf is located in! 7 <ra ian ocean 1"7 Sutherland waterfall is present in! a7 Dew-:ealand 1$7 >udson ?ay is situated in! c7 Dorthern Canada 1&7 4hich is the largest gulf of the world! a7 Aulf of Mexico 1'7 4hich is the largest a7 >udson a7 CS< 1*7 Strait of ?osporous connects! ay ay of the world!

1)7 Eosemite is a famous waterfall of !

c7 ?lac# sea and sea of marmara 2+7 .t separates .taly from Sicily! c7 Messina 217 Strait of malacca separates! 7 Malaysia and indonesia 227 4hich of the following straits separate india 1rom Sri /an#a! 7 6al# 237 4hich of the following straits separate Malaysia from Singapore! 7 Fohor 2"7 ?udapest is the capital of >ungary situated on the c7 2iver ;anu e 2$7 Sea of Marmara and <egean sea are connected c7 ;ardanelles 2&7 Coo# strait separates south Dew-:ealand from! 7 Dorth Dew-:ealand 2'7 6aris is the capital of 1rance situated on the a7 Seine 2)7 8nglish channel separates 8ngland from! 7 1rance 2*7 <gra is very famous city of .ndia due to 3a, Mahal@ it is situated on the an# of river! c7 Fumna 3+7 Areat victoria desert is present in ! c7 <ustralia 317 Aulf of sidra is present in! a7 /i ya 327 Simpson desert is present in! d7 <ustralia 337 3he river volga pours it=s water into the! 7 Caspian sea 3"7 4hich is the largest sea in the world! an# of! y the strait! an# of!

a7 South china sea 3$7 0ne of the country throughwhich e-uator passes is! a7 Malaysia 3&7 3he deepest point in the ocean is! a7 Mariana trench 3'7 4hich is the longest mountain range in the world! 7 <ndes 3)7 3he origin of earth dates 7 "B& illion year ac# to approximately!

3*7 3he second largest continent is! d7 <frica "+7 South pole was discovered c7 <mundsen "17 3he dates on which day and night is e-ual ar! c7 21st march and 23rd septem er "27 4hich is the deepest ocean in the world! c7 6acific "37 3he important country close to international date line is! c7 Dew (ealand ""7 4hich of the following towns is situated at the highest altitude! a7 /hasa "$7 4hich is the longest day in the Dorthern >emisphere! 7 21st ,une "&7 4hat are the two seas lin#ed a7 3he mediterranean and red sea "'7 4here is the coldest place situated in the world! d7 <ntarctica ")7 4hich place in the world has the least rainfall! a7 <frica "*7 4hich is the d7 /a#e superior $+7 South pole is located in the continent of ! d7 <ntarctica iggest fresh water la#e in the world! y sue( canal! y!

$17 4hich is the longest river in the world! a7 Dile $27 4hich is the deepest la#e in the world! c7 ?ai#al $37 4hich is the largest la#e in <frica! c7 Gictoria $"7 4hich is the largest desert in the world present in north <frica! 7 Sahara $$7 0n the 7 3hames $&7 3he rivers Fhelum@ Chena @ 2avi@ ?ea and sutle, are tri utaries of which river! 7 .ndus $'7 4hich among the following trees is considered the tallest in the world! c7 8ucalyptus $)7 4hich of the following is a %harif Crop! 7 2ice $*7 >umidity in the river is maximum in ! c7 Monsoon &+7 4orld=s largest river is! c7 <ma(on &17 3he first successful expendition to the Mount 8verest was made in ! d7 1*$3 &27 4hich one of the following is an ore of iron! 7 >aematite &37 3he shortest day is! 7 22 ;ecem er &"7 4hat is the duration of a day at the poles! 7 & months &$7 4hich is the largest country in the <ra ian penunsula! c7 Saudi <ra ia &&7 8arth completes one rotation on its axis in! an#s of which river is the city of /ondon located!

7 23 hours $& mints and "B* sec &'7 3he H2oof of the worldH is! d7 3he pamir plateau 5 3i et7 &)7 4hich is the least populated country in the world! a7 antarctica &*7 4hich of the following countries leads the world in the export of oil! c7 Saudi <ra ia '+7 3he %alahari ;esert@ which stretches over 1@"+@+++ miles is in! 7 South <frica '17 3he panama canal lin#s! 7 Dorth <merica with south <merica '27 4hich@ amongst the following countries@ has the highest density of population per S- #m! a7 ?angladesh '37 4hich of the following countries is in the continent of europe! a7 <l ania '"7 4hich is the smallest continent of the world area-wise! c7 <ustralia '$7 >imaliya range is 7 <sia '&7 3he word H3sunamiH languages! d7 Fapanese ''7 4here is the largest coral reef located! 7 <ustralia ')7 4hich island was epicenter of 3sunami of 2&@ decem er 2++"! 7 Smatra '*7 4hich continent is without glaciers! c7 <frica )+7 4hich of the following gases is most predominant in the sun! 7 >ydrogen elongs to which of the following ased in!

General Knowledge Q/A

Q/A
1. The river Danube rises in which country Germany. 2. !hich "# state has the sugar $aple as its state tree and is the leading "# producer o% $aple sugar Vermont. &. !hich country is nic'na$ed (The )oc'pit o% *urope+ because o% the nu$ber o% battles throughout history %ought on its soil Belgium. ,. !hat is the capital o% -ibya Tripoli. .. Apart %ro$ /rench0 Ger$an and 1o$ansch0 what is the %ourth o%%icial language o% the #wit2erland Italian. 3. !hich country is the world+s largest producer o% co%%ee Brazil. 4. 5n which city was the world+s %irst underground train was service opened in 163& London. 6. 7ow $any pairs o% ribs are there in the hu$an body 12. 8. !hich country is separated %or$ *thiopia by the 1ed #ea Yemen. 19. !hat is the $ain port o% 5taly Genoa. 11. :ount -ogan is the highest pea' in which country Canada. 12. 5n which state is 7arvard "niversity New Jersey. 1&. !hich is larger; <orway or /inland inland.

1,. !hich city was the %irst capital o% the Kingdo$ o% 5taly until 163. Turin. 1.. !hat is $easured by an a$$eter !le"tri" "urrent. 13. !hat is a rhinoceros horn $ade o% #air. 14. !hich three countries0 apart %ro$ the %or$er =ugoslavia0 share borders with Greece $l%ania& Bulgaria& Tur'ey. 16. The Pal' #trait separates which two countries India and (ri Lan'a. 18. Ga is the sy$bol %or which ele$ent Gallium. 29. 5n the Gree' alphabet0 what is the na$e %or the letter > )mi"ron. 21. !hat0 in the 13th and 14th century0 was a pavana $ dan"e. 22. A nephron is the %unctional unit o% which organ in the hu$an body *idney. 2&. 5n which country is the ancient city o% Tarsus Tur'ey. 2,. The Khyber Pass lin's which two countries $+g,anistan and -a'istan. 2.. <a$e the si? "# states that co$prise <ew *ngland. .,ode Island& Conne"ti"ut& /aine& New #amps,ire& Vermont and /assa",usetts. 23. !hich $usical instru$ent is played by both e?haling and inhaling #armoni"a 0or mout, organ1. 24. The northern part o% which country is called >esling Lu2em%ourg. 26. <apier is a city in which country New 3ealand. 28. !hat is the 7oo' o% 7olland

$ port in t,e sout,east Net,erlands& &9. The river Douro %or$s part o% the border between which two countries (pain and -ortugal. &1. 5n which country is the Great #lave -a'e Canada. &2. !hich si? countries border the @lac' #ea Bulgaria& Georgia& .omania& .ussia& Tur'ey and 4'raine. &&. Kath$andu is the capital o% which country Nepal. &,. !hat na$e is given to a $i?ture o% bicarbonate o% soda and tartaric acid used in coo'ing Ba'ing powder. &.. A>- are an internet service provider. !hat does A>- stand %or $meri"a )nline. &3. !ho discovered penicillin $le2ander leming. &4. !hich *nglish Aueen had an e?tra %inger on her hand $nne Boleyn. &6. !hich precious $etal has the sy$bol Pt -latinum. &8. The Gobi desert e?tends over which two countries C,ina and /ongolia. ,9. Apart %ro$ A$erica0 which is the only country in the world to which alligators are native C,ina. ,1. !hich are the highest types o% clouds; stratocu$ulus or cirrus Cirrus. ,2. !hich ancient $easure o% length was based on the length o% the ar$ %ro$ %ingertip to elbow Cu%it. ,&. A%ter !orld !ar 50 Transylvania beca$e part o% which country .omania.

,,. !hich sea in <orthern *urope is bounded by several countries including #weden0 /inland0 Poland and Ger$any T,e Balti". ,.. A road tunnel runs %ro$ Pelerins in /rance to *ntreves in 5taly under which $ountain /ont Blan". ,3. The @arents #ea is part o% which ocean $r"ti". ,4. !hich two countries are either side o% the $outh o% the 1iver Plate $rgentina and 4ruguay. ,6. Quic'li$e is an al'aline powder obtained by strongly heating which other $aterial C,al'. ,8. !hat is the longest river solely in *ngland T,ames. .9. The Great @arrier 1ee% is o%% coast o% which Australian state 5ueensland. .1. !hat is the na$e o% the $il'y %luid obtained %ro$ trees which is used to produce rubber Late2. .2. >% what is enty$ology the study Inse"ts. .&. >% where is A$$an the capital Jordan. .,. 7ow $any innings are there %or each tea$ in a ga$e o% baseball Nine. ... !hich is the only $a$$al with the power o% active %light Bat. .3. !hich lower level o% clouds are co$$only called (rain clouds+ Nim%us. .4. !hat is the longest river in 5ndia Ganges. .6. !hich $etallic ele$ent has the property o% catching %ire i% dropped in hot water (odium.

.8. !hich $onth o% the year obtains its na$e %ro$ the -atin verb %or (to open+ $pril. 39. >n what river does 1o$e stand Ti%er. 31. Quantas is the national airline o% which country $ustralia. 32. !hat in #cotland is the $eaning o% the pre%i? (5nver+ .i6er mout,. 3&. !hich "# state has the lowest population $las'a. 3,. !hich county is nic'na$ed the Garden o% *ngland *ent. 3.. !hich A%rican country was %or$erly called /rench #udan /ali. 33. !hich sport was originally called (soccerBinBwater+ 7ater polo. 34. !hich unit o% $easure$ent is derived %ro$ the Arabic Auirrat0 $eaning seed Carat. 36. !hich 5talian city was originally built on seven hills .ome. 38. !hat does the acrony$ <AA/5 stand %or Na6y& $rmy and $ir or"e Institutes. 49. Dolo$ite is an ore o% which $etal /agnesium. 41. :ana$a is the capital o% which country Ba,rain. 42. >n which river does @erlin stand .i6er (pree. 4&. !hat type o% cloc' was invented in 13.3 by )hristian 7uygens T,e pendulum "lo"'.

4,. 5n which desert is the worldCs driest place $ta"ama 0C,ile1. 4.. !hich is the worldCs saltiest sea T,e .ed (ea. 43. ...... and which is the least salty T,e Balti" (ea. 44. !hich nun won the <obel pri2e %or peace in 1848 /ot,er Teresa. 46. 7ow $any points in the pin' ball worth in snoo'er (i2. 48. !hich scientist was na$ed CPerson o% the )enturyC by Ti$e :aga2ine $l%ert !instein. 69. !hat 'ind o% creature is a $onitor Lizard. 61. !hich $edical specialty is concerned with the proble$s and illnesses o% children -ediatri"s. 62. !ho sailed in #anta :aria C,ristop,er Colum%us. 6&. !hat na$e is given to the sti%%ening o% the body a%ter death .igor mortis. 6,. !hich country was %or$erly 'nown as :alagasy 1epublic /adagas"ar. 6.. Addis Ababa is the capital o% which country !t,iopia. 63. The na$e o% which <orth A%rican city literally $eans (white house+ Casa%lan"a. 64. >% what sort o% %ish is the dog%ish a s$all variety (,ar'. 66. !hich Asian country was divided at the &6th parallel a%ter !orld !ar 55 *orea. 68. !hat is the na$e o% the !inter >ly$pics event that co$bines crossBcountry s'iing and shooting

Biat,lon. 89. !hich A$erican scienceB%iction writer wrote /ahrenheit ,.1 .ay Brad%ury. 81. /or which power%ul opiate is dia$orphine the technical na$e #eroin. 82. 7ow $any do$inoes are there in a nor$al set 28. 8&. !ho was cartoonist who created @at$an Bo% *ane. 8,. Aerophobia is a %ear o% %lying0 agoraphobia is a %ear o% open spaces0 what is acrophobia a %ear o% #eig,ts. 8.. 5n co$puting0 how is a $odulatorBde$odulator $ore co$$only 'nown /odem. 83. An auger bit is used to drill what type o% $aterial 7ood. 84. !hat part o% the wheelbarrow is the %ulcru$ T,e w,eel. 86. !hat ) is a device used to deter$ine s$all lengths0 o% which a vernier is one type Caliper. 88. 1ip0 chain and band are types o% which tools (aw. 199. !hat calibrated tool was the standard tool %or engineers and scientists prior to the invention o% the handBheld calculator (lide rule. 191. !hat P is so$eti$es re%erred to as bloc' and tac'le -ulley. 192. /or what purpose would a gardener use a dibber /a'ing ,oles. 19&. !hat D is a device used to raise an obEect too heavy to deal with by hand Ja"'.

19,. @allBpein0 club0 claw and bush are types o% which tool #ammer. 19.. !hich A%rican ani$al+s na$e $eans (river horse+ #ippopotamus. 193. !hich 5ndian religion was %ounded by Guru <ana' (i',ism. 194. !hat is the $ost distant o% the giant planets Neptune. 196. !hat is the capital o% Austria Vienna. 198. !hat in printing do the letters (u.c.+ stand %or 4pper "ase. 119. !hich eye in%ection is so$eti$es called pin'eye Con9un"ti6itis. 111. !hat sort o% creature is an iguana $ lizard. 112. !hat0 politically0 does "D5 stand %or 4nilateral de"laration o+ independen"e. 11&. !agga !agga is a city in which Australian state New (out, 7ales. 11,. !hich 5ndian religion celebrated the &99th anniversary o% its %ounding in 1888 (i',ism. 11.. !hat do the initials /@5 stand %or: ederal Bureau o+ In6estigation. 113. @y what na$e is the %ruit o% the plant Ananas co$osus 'nown -ineapple. 114. Donnerstag is Ger$an %or which day o% the wee' T,ursday. 116. !hat type o% citrus %ruit is a sha$outi )range. 118. Apiphobia is a %ear o% what

Bees. 129. !hich Asian capital city was 'nown as @atavia until 18,8 Ja'arta. 121. !hich astrono$ical unit os distance is greater0 a parsec or a light year $ parse". 122. The ancient city o% )arthage is now in which country Tunisia. 12&. !hat in 1ussia is 52vestia $ newspaper. 12,. !hich is the worldCs windiest continent $ntar"ti"a. 12.. 5n the boo' Treasure 5sland what is the na$e o% the ship #ispaniola. 123. 5n which part o% the body are the deltoid $uscles (,oulder. 124. * is the international car registration letter %or which country (pain. 126. Fienna stands on which river ;anu%e. 128. !hat type o% ca$el has two lu$ps Ba"trian. 1&9. 5n the :G $otor car0 what do the letters :G stand %or /orris Garages. 1&1. The na$e o% which 1o$an god $eans Cshining %atherC in -atin Jupiter. 1&2. !hat is the central colour o% a rainbow Green. 1&&. !hich /rench city is a $eeting place %or the *uropean Parlia$ent (tras%ourg. 1&,. !hat part o% the body consists o% the duodenu$0 the EeEunu$ and the ileu$ (mall intestine.

1&.. Annapurna is a $ountain in which $ountain range #imalayas. 1&3. !hat 'ind o% %oodstu%% is :onterey Dac' 0It was also a "artoon<s name <7,at<s +or %rea'+ast:< 164. !hat is the na$e o% a person0 plant or ani$al which shuns the light Lu"i+ugous. 166. !hat0 in %ield o% optics0 is biconve? $ lens w,i", is "on6e2 on %ot, sides. 168. !hich country was invaded in 5raA in 1869 Iran. 189. !hat did Dohann Galle discover in 16,3 Neptune. 181. !hat0 in internet ter$inology0 does #:TP stand %or (imple /ail Trans+er -roto"ol. 182. 7ow is >ctober 2, 1828 re$e$bered Bla"' T,ursday. 18&. The 1iver Danube %lows into which sea T,e Bla"' (ea. 18,. !hich strait separates the <orth and #outh islands o% <ew Gealand Coo' (trait. 18.. !hat0 in internet ter$inology0 does /TP stand %or ile Trans+er -roto"ol. 183. !ho wrote @lac' @eauty $nna (ewell. 184. !hat is the capital o% Poland 7arsaw. 186. 5ceBcrea$ was %irst produced in which country in the 14th century Italy. 188. 5n $edicine0 what does the acrony$ #A1# stand %or (e6ere $"ute .espiratory (ystem. 299. !hich popular na$e %or <etherlands is actually a lowBlying region o% the country

#olland. 291. !hich #ha'epeare play was set in *lsinore )astle0 Den$ar' #amlet. 292. !ho said; CGenius is 1H inspiration and 88H perspirationC !dison. 29&. The Kyu'yu 5sland chain lies between which two countries Japan = Taiwan. 29,. !hich %ibrous protein is the $aEor constituent o% hair0 nails0 %eathers0 bea's and claws *eratin. 29.. >% which %ruit is $orello a variety C,erry. 293. !hich e?plorer discovered Fictoris /alls in A%rica ;a6id Li6ingstone. 294. !ho was the last 'ing o% *gypt arou'. 296. !hat is the literal $eaning o% the word $a%ia Bargging. 298. !hich war lasted 13 years longer than its na$e i$plies T,e #undred Year<s 7ar. 219. !hat is the national sport o% :alaysia and 5ndonesia Badminton. 211. !hich is the shallowest o% the Great -a'es La'e !rie. 212. !hat na$e is given to $inute or $icroscopic ani$als and plants that live in the upper layers o% %resh and salt water -lan'ton. 21&. !hich country was originally na$ed )athay C,ina. 21,. #inhalese is a language spo'en in which country (ri Lan'a.

21.. The #ao /rancisco river %lows through which country Brazil. 213. 5n which sport do tea$s co$pete %or the Dunhill )up Gol+. 214. !hich #ha'espeare characterCs last words are; CThe rest is silenceC #amlet. 216. 5n econo$ics0 whose law states that; Cbad $oney drives out good $oneyC Gres,am<s 218. !ho $ade the %irst navigation o% the globe in the vessel Fictoria /agellan. 229. !hich $ountaineer on being as'ed why he wanted to cli$b *verest said; C@ecause itCs thereC George /allory. 221. !hat was the %or$er na$e %or #ri -an'a Ceylon. 222. >% which :iddle *ast0 country is @aghdad the capital Ira>. 22&. 7ow $any ar$s does a sAuid have Ten. 22,. !hich indoor ga$e is played with a shuttlecoc' Badminton. 22.. Do stalactites grow upwards or downwards ;ownwards. 223. !hat %ood is also called garban2o C,i"'?pea. 224. !hat is the Auality rating %or diesel %uel0 si$ilar to the octane nu$ber %or petrol Catane num%er. 226. !hich Ger$an city and port is at the con%luence o% the rivers <ec'ar and 1hine /ann,eim. 228. !here in *urope are the only wild apes to be %ound Gi%raltar. 2&9. The @rabanconne is the national anthe$ o% which country

Belgium. 2&1. 5n which country is the 1iver #pey (witzerland. 2&2. !hich international environ$ental pressure group was %ounded in 1841 Greenpea"e. 2&&. !hat is the capital o% :orocco .a%at. 2&,. 7ow $any balls are on the table at the start o% a ga$e o% pool (i2teen. 2&.. 5n which country is the volcano :ount Aso Japan. 2&3. !hat na$e is given to in%la$$ation o% one or $ore Eoints0 causing pain0 swelling and restriction o% $ove$ent $rt,ritis. 2&4. !hich $ineral is the $ain source o% $ercury Cinna%ar. 2&6. !hat A is the national airline o% 1ussia0 code na$e #" $ero+lot. 2&8. !hat would be 'ept in a Auiver $rrows. 2,9. !hat CologyC is concerned with the study o% unidenti%ied %lying obEects 4+ology. 2,1. )oal and longtailed are types o% which bird %a$ily Tit. 2,2. 5n the ga$e o% darts0 what is the value o% the outer bull 2@. 2,&. 5n which part o% the hu$an body is the cochlea !ar. 2,,. !hat is the $odern na$e o% the roc'y %ortress which the :oors na$ed GabelBalB Tari' Ithe 1oc' o% Tari'J Gi%raltar. 2,.. !hat was the na$e o% Ger$an terrorist Andreas @aaderCs %e$ale partner

4lri'e /ein,o+. 2,3. And what was the na$e o% the urban guerrilla organisation they headed T,e .ed $rmy a"tion. 2,4. !hich Ger$an bacteriologist discovered #alvarsan0 a co$pound used in the treat$ent o% syphilis0 be%ore the introduction o% antibiotics -aul !,rli",. 2,6. !hich ancient 1o$an satirist wrote the 13 #atires Ju6enal. 2,8. !ho beca$e the Queen o% <etherlands in 1869 Beatri2. 2.9. !ho was the last @ristish 'ing to appear in battle George II. 2.1. !hat is the art o% preparing0 stu%%ing and $ounting the s'ins o% ani$als to $a'e li%eli'e $odels called Ta2idermy. 2.2. !hat is the @eau%ort scale used to $easure 7ind speed. 2.&. !hat is the technical na$e %or abnor$ally high blood presure #ypertension. 2.,. !hat part o% eye is responsible %or its color T,e iris. 2.3. The letter 1/ on a sta$p would indicate it is %ro$ which country ran"e. 2.4. !hat is the $eaning o% the $usical ter$ cantabile In a singing style. 2.6. #an Duan is the capital o% which island in the !est 5ndies -uerto .i"o. 2.8. !hich pro%ession gets its na$e %ro$ the -atin word %or lead -lum%ing. 239. >n which part o% the body do grasshoppers have their ears #ind legs. 231. !ho wrote childrenCs stories about the land o% <arnia C.(. Lewis.

232. !hat is the second planet %ro$ the sun Venus. 23&. !hat is the highest $ountain in the Alps /ont Blan". 23,. >% which )aribbean country is PortBauBPrince the capital #aiti. 23.. !hich Ger$an city is asscociated with the legend o% the Pied Piper #ameln& or #amelin. 233. !hat na$e is given to the wind pattern that brings heavy rain to #outh Asia %ro$ April to #epte$ber /onsoon. 234. !hat is the %irst boo' o% the <ew Testa$ent T,e Gospel a""ording to (aint /att,ew. 236. !hat na$e is given to the ti$e ta'en %or hal% the ato$s in a sa$ple o% a radioactive isotope to decay #al+?li+e. 238. !ho was president o% Kenya %ro$ 183, to 1846 Jomo *enyatta. 249. !hich Ger$an author wrote the antiBwar novel All Quiet on the !estern /ront !ri", /aria .emar>ue. 241. !hich country had a police %orce called the Tonton :acoutes #aiti. 242. !hat would you %ind in %or$icary $nts. 24&. !ho was the %irst @ritish sovereign to $a'e regular use o% @uc'ingha$ Palace when in residence in -ondon 5ueen Vi"toria. 24,. >% where is #o%ia the capital Bulgaria. 24.. !hat is $eant by the $usical ter$ andante $t a moderate tempo.

243. 5n a bull%ight0 what is the $ounted $an with a lance called $ pi"ador. 244. !hich tea$ has a soccer tea$ called AEa? $msterdam. 246. !hich Dutch e?plorer discovered <ew Gealand $%el Tasman. 248. !ho beca$e %irst blac' world heavyweight bo?ing cha$pion in 1816 Ja"' Jo,nson. 269. The na$e o% which city in #outh A$erica $eans Fale o% Paradise Valparaiso. AAAAA261. !hich gas used in advertising signs has the sy$bol <e Neon. 262. !hich branch o% $athe$atics uses sy$bols to represent un'nown Auantities $lge%ra. 26&. !hat does the abbreviation 1A/ stand %or .oyal $ir or"e. 26,. !hat na$e is given to the use o% live ani$als in the e?peri$ents Vi6ise"tion. 26.. Fiti -evu is the largest island o% which country i9i. 263. The Golden Arrow was a %a$ous train that ran %ro$ Paris to which destination /onte Carlo. 264. !hich country %ought on both sides during !orld !ar 55 Italy. 266. !hat centigrade te$perature is gas $ar' 3 eAual to 2BB degrees C. 268. 5n the ga$e o% chess0 which piece is called springer in Ger$any *nig,t. 289. !hat is the $eaning o% the 1ussian word C$irC -ea"e. 281. !ho0 in !orld !ar 550 were A?is Power Germany& Italy. Japan.

282. !hich scientist used 'ites to conduct electrical e?peri$ents Ben9amin ran'line. 28&. !hat is the longest river in /rance Loire. 28,. !hich inventore had a research laboratory at :enlo Par' !dison. 28.. !hich birds %ly in groups called s'eins Geese. 283. 5n $edicine0 which is the $ost widespread parasitic in%ection /alaria. 284. !hat nationality was the e?plorer /erdinand :agellan -ortuguese. 286. !hich 5talian city is called /iren2e in 5talian loren"e. 288. !hat is AutraliaCs largest city (ydney. &99. !hich ter$ $eaning Clightning warC was used to describe $ilitary tactics used by Ger$any in !orld !ar 55 Blitz'rieg.

General Knowledge :)Q#

Aeneral %nowledge Questions and answers

%' =hat does >.he 8herry ?rchard@ have in common with old editions of >7tartrek@A 2' )n /ustralia* how is the date of 9others@ !ay calculatedA 3' =hich 6resident of the B77+ encoura#ed the policy of "lassnostA 4' =hat was built by inmates taken from 8han#i 6rison 8ampA 5' =hat is the world@s lar#est desertA 6' Cino 8ulotto was his pen&name' =hat was his +D/E nameA 1' =hat is the last letter of the "reek alphabetA (' =ho wrote >.he Dntertainer@* music made famous by the film*>.he 7tin#@A 0' )n "reek le#end* what was eaten on the island of 3erbaA %4' =hat was the name of Blysses@ son* who #rew to manhood in his absenceA %%' =hich ,ni#ht caused the death of the Eady of 7hallottA %2' =hat monument occupies centre sta#e in Trafalgar Square A %3' =hich book catapulted "ermaine "reer to fameA %4' =hat was the classical standard lan#ua#e of ancient )ndiaA %5' =ho directed and starred in films such as >.he little .ramp@A %6' Came the three types of classical architectural column' %1' =ho was !octor Fhiva#o@s #reat loveA %(' Came the commoner who ruled Dn#land in %65(&50' %0' =hich #host ship is the theme of an %(4% opera by +ichard =a#nerA 24' =hat career did the !uke of =ellin#ton pursue after the 5attle of =aterlooA 2%' =hich popular hymn was composed by 7ir /rthur 7ullivan of ?pera :ameA 22' =hat is the literal meanin# of >pince&ne-@' #lassesA 23' 5eneath which 6aris monument is the tomb of :rance@s unknown soldierA 24' =hat type of puppets are t hose whose movements are controlled by strin#sA 25' =hich dru# is best known for its use in preventin# malariaA 26' )dentify the %5th century 5ritish war fou#ht by the Gouses of Eancaster and Hork5+I 21' =hich sea is so named because it is too salty to maintain life 2(' =hat is the most indispensable instrument in astronomyA 20' =hich literary doctor owns a parrot called >6olynesia@A 34' Came the /ustralian sin#er whose first hit* in the %064s* was >) +emember Hou@' >:our ?n .he :loor@ pertainA 3%' =hat is 7ydney@s equivalent to 7an :rancisco@s >5ay .o 5reakers@ footrace@A 32' =hich independent island is /ustralia@s nearest nei#hbour to the westA 33' /t the end of 7hakespeare@s +omeo and 3uliet@* which of the principals are deadA 34' Came two fictional or historical characters who fou#ht with quarterstaffs on a lo# brid#e A 35' =hat is the name of "re# Corman@s businessA 36' Came a state of B'7'/' be#innin# with >5@' 31' =hom did Hoko ?no marry only to lose to an assassinA 3(' =o dubbed /ustralia >.he Eucky 8ountry@ in one of his novelsA 30' =hich biblical event supports the superstition that %3 is an unlucky numberA 44' Gow much was 244 pence in predecimal currency 4%' =hich comic& strip drake is a multi&billionaireA 42' =hat was the first event decided at the %(06 ?lympicsA 43' =hich is the only continent occupied by one nationA 44' =hat inspired the convex #olden disc as the ?rder of /ustralia A 45' =hich %0(4 son# hit was writen by 3oe !olce* an )talian mi#rantA

46' =hat is "od called by the )slamic or 9uslim faithA 41' =hich radiation belt around the earth was named after an /merican physicistA 4(' =hat is si#nificant about a score of 4%31 points in billiardsA 40' =ho was the famous Ce- 6erce )ndian chiefA 54' =hich 7lim !usty @hotel@ son# is /ustralia@s only #old 1( recordA 5%' /fter 8arruthers* +ose and :amechon* who was /ustralia@s fourth world boxin# championA 52' =hat is an ocarina whose si-e and shape resembles a #oose e##A 53' )n which /merican city was the world@s first skyscraper built in %((5A 54' =hat is the 8hristian name of =ebster* who published a dictionary still used today A 55' ?utside of the 6residency* what is the hi#hest /merican political officeA 56' Came the only boxer to knock out 9ohammed /li 51' =hich /ustralian state is host to the town of "unda#aiA 5(' ?n what date to /mericans celebrate their )ndependence !ayA 50' =ho starred in the film version of .o ,ill / 9ockin#birdA 64' =hich modern lan#ua#e #ives us the term finito A 6%' =ho painted the ceilin# of the 7istine 8hapelA 62' =hich /ustralian city will host the 244% "oodwill "amesA 63' .he prefix #astro refers to which bodily or#anA 64' )f you are celebratin# your !iamond /nniversary* how many years have you been married A 65' 5oxers often suffer from a condition in which their ears are misshapen''what is this calledA 66' =ho wrote the famous poem !affodilsA 61' )n what decade of this century was it decided B7 6residents would be restricted to two termsA 6(' =hat was the #iven name of 7talin@s dau#hter who defected to the B7 in %061A 60' Came the 7outh /frican sur#eon who carried out the first heart transplant operation' 14' .he revolutionary newspaper* 6ravda was first published in %0%2'''but =GD+DA 1%' =hat the the first ship to reach .itanic after the disasterA 12' =here in the B7 did the dance * the 8harleston ori#inateA 13' =hich /merican author wrote the novel "entlemen 6refer 5londesA 14' =ho piloted the B7 aircraft shot down byt he B77+ in %064 A 15' =here were the %064 7ummer ?lympics heldA 16' )n what year was the +ainbow =arrior sunk in Cew Fealand watersA 11' =ho became the first ?verlord ?f Dn#land and =alesA 1(' =hich animal is likely to suffer from the disease* heaves A 10' =ho wrote .he Gappy 6rinceA (4' :or what sport is a harrier bredAA (%' =here in /ustralia is 6alm ;alley A (2' =hat breed of farm animal is a 6olwarthA (3' =ho named 9anly 8ove * situated in 7ydney GarbourA (4' Came the main ore of iron' (5' =hat is the study of heredity calledA (6' +ose Gill was the ori#inal name of /ustralia@s second settlement '''what is it called nowAA (1' =hat term is used to describe fertile land bein# @rested@ for a seasonA ((' =ho is the patron saint of children A (0' =ho did /min overthrow in %01%A 04' =hat ancient unit of measurement is suppposedly the distance from the elbow to the tip of the index fin#erA 0%' =hich was the second 3ames 5ond novel to be made into a movieA 02' 8an you name the only two countries to have declared independence from 5ritainA

03' =hat is the official lan#ua#e of D#yptA 04' ?n which continent is ;incon 9assif the hi#hest peakA 05' !o polar bears eat pen#uinsA 06' )n which country would you find .abascoA 01' =hat is the more common name for the tympanic membrane A 0(' Came the street that is home to 5ritish $ournalism' 00' =hat was G'"' =ells@ first novelA %44' =hich /ustralian city was host to the nations@s first steam train'and its first electric trainA %4%' =hat is the best&known university in 6arisA %42' =hat is the birthstone for 7eptemberA %43' =here did 3ohn :' ,ennedy* Eee Garvery ?swald and 3ack +uby all dieA %44' =hat is the last book of the 5ibleA %45' =hich movie@s last line is J /fter all* tomorrow is another dayJA %46' )n !isney comics* who are !aisy !uck@s three niecesA %41' /t which 9elbourne hotel did the 5eatles stay in %064 A %4(' =ho was the first Cew /ustralian to become* in %06%* 9iss /ustraliaA %40' =hich edifice stands on the banks of the +iver 3umna* at /#raA %%4' =hat does one call ornamental work in silver or #old threadA %%%' =hich Corse #od had* as handmaidens* the ;alkyrieA %%2' =hich 5ritish 5attleship was sunk* in %04%* by .he 5ismarkA %%3' =hat is the alternative name for a beekeeperA %%4' =hich %015 !ickens drama was planned as a musical but screened without any son#s A %%5' =hich 5ritish novel was the sub$ect of J7ailorJA %%6' Gow many books comprise the ?ld and the Cew .estamentsA %%1' /t what an#le above the hori-on must the sun be to create a rainbowA %%(' =hich son# is based on 8alifornia@s %(40 #old rushA %%0' =hat is the only crime for which church sanctuary is not availableA %24' =hat was the full name of 5rutus* one of 8aesar@s murderersA %2%' =hat was the /merican codename for the development of the atom bombA %22' =hich western law enfromcement a#ency@s motto was * J?ne riot&?ne +an#erAJ %23' =hat is the Gebrew name of 8alvary* where 8hrist was crucified A %24' =hich number on a roulette wheel is coloured #reenA %25' Gow many cannons are involved in a +oyal 7alute %26' =hat type of 9oscow institution is "B9A %21' =hich island is 54 times lar#er tha its mother country* !enmarkA %2(' =ho was the first white man to climb 9t ,osciuskoA %20' Came /ustralia@s first J"irlieJ ma#a-ine* launched in %036 %34' =hat name is #iven to the 6ope@s pontificial rin#A %3%' =hat in#redient did 8ap ?@ +ushes order omitted from the weddin# meatsA %32' =ho are the traditional inhabitants of !ovrafellAJ %33' =hat was the name of 8hilde +owland@s sister* whom he rescued A %34' =hich witch travelled in a mortar which she drove alon# with a pestleA %35' =ho cau#ht .ommy "rimesA %36' =hat was it that 6rincess 9ar#aret was chan#ed into by her wicked stepmother* the =itch&Kueen of 5amborou#h 8astleA %31' =ho fou#ht the Kueen of the :airies for .amlane* her love''and wonAA %3(' =hich fiend terrori-ed the Gall of Groth#arA %30' /nd who freed Groth#ar@s Gall of this menaceA5+I %44' =hat was kept in )duna@s ma#ic casketA %4%' =hat was the name of the first patented contraceptive pill A %42' =hat name is #iven* collectively* to the first five books of the ?ld .estamentAJ

%43' )n what year did 3apan bomb 6earl Garbour A %44' Blan 5ator is the capital of which nationA %45' =hat unit of heat is required to raise % #m of water by one de#ree 8elsiusA %46' =hich airline owned the $et that exploded over Eockerbie* 7cotland* in %0((A %41' =hat number did 9ichael 3ordan make famous durin# his career with the 8hica#o 5ullsAA %4(' =hich floor coverin# is constructed by coverin# hessian or canvas with linseed oil* powdered cork and rosinA %40' )n which /merican state would you find the city of 6hoenixA %54' Gow many sides does a +G?95B7 haveA %5%' =hich /merican state has its capital Garrisbur#A %52' =hich six letter word describes the number of members of a body required to be present to conduct business le#ally A %53' =hich company that developed the pentium processor for computersA %54' =hat name was #iven to the rockets used to launch the /pollo space missionsA %55' Bntil the end of the 24th 8entury* what was the most popular name adopted by the popesA %56' )n which year did 6ope 5enedict L; declare 3oan of /rc a saintA %51' .he mummies of D#yptian 6haraohs were often buried in what type of transport* believed to assist them to travel to the next worldA %5(' Gow many films did 8harles 8haplin make durin# his 53&year carer* from %0%4 to %061A %50' =hich band had a hit with the son# *8alifornia !reamin@A %64' =hat name is #iven to the star that appears on the fla# of )sraelA %6%' =hich amusement park opened in /naheim* 8alifornia* on 3uly %(th'* %055 A %62' Came the wife of the 6hillipines dictator* :erdinand 9arcos %63' , is the chemical symbol for whatA %64' ?n what date is /ustralia !ay celebratedA %65' =ho wrote the play* J.he 9ousetrapJA %66' Gow old was 5oris 5ecker when he won his first =imbledon 7in#les titleA %61' Gow many 7pice "irls were there in %001A %6(' =ho played the title role in the film J"andhiJA %60' )n the nursery rhyme* what do we ask 9ary* mary* Kuite contraryA %14' )n what country would you find the "rand 6rix circuit known as 7ilverstoneA %1%' =hich /merican 6resident was assassinated by Eeon 8-ol#os- A %12' 8omplete the proverb Co kitchen is bi# enou#h to hold''' %13' =ho developed 9eccanoA %14' .o which people did !elilah pass soon the secret of 7amson@s stren#thA %15' =ho wrote the shortest of the #ospelsA %16' 8omplete this proverbM .he end $ustifies ''''''''' %11' =ho saidM J/ crank is a man with a new idea&&until it catches onJA %1(' =ho wrote the son#* )ma#ineA %10' Came the first woman in space %(4' =ho was convicted of shootin# and killin# 3ohn : ,ennedyA %(%' )n which country did the ;olkswa#on ori#inate A %(2' J.he 7ound ?f 9usicJ is set in which Duropean country'''' %(3' =hich planet has the lon#est yearA %(4' )n Darth terms * how lon# is that yearA %(5' =hat is the hi#hest mountain in Cew FealandA %(6' =hat is the %2th letter of the Dn#lish alphabet %(1' =ho teamed up with Ceil !iamond to perfom the hit son#* JHou !on@t 7end 9e :lowersJA %((' %014 saw 6ortu#al involved in a revolution which became known by which floral

nameAA %(0' =hat term is used to describe the wool cut from around a sheep@s eyesA %04' =hat type of creature is a bea#leA %0%' )n which /sian nation would you find the state of 6un$abA %02' =hat is the wellknown :rench word for JpenJA %03' +a is the chemical symbol for which elementA %04' =hat five&letter word* be#innin# with q* is used to describe a lock or curl of hair on the foreheadA %05' Gow many metres make a kilometreA %06' =ho was the #reat 7panish 6ainter whose first name was 6abloA %01' =ho founded the ,entucky :ried 8hicken restaurant chainA %0(' =hich %014s band had a hit with J9ama 9iaJA %00' )n which year did :red /stair dieA 244' =hich river did 3ohann 7trauss describe as JblueJA 24%' 242' 243' 244' 245' 246' 241' 24(' 240' 2%4' 2%%' 2%2' 2%3' 2%4' 2%5' 2%6' 2%1' 2%(' 2%0' 224' 22%' 222' 223' 224' 225' 226' 221' 22(' 220' 234' 23%' 232' 233' 234' :or what crime is ;incent 6erru#ia best rememberedA =hich :lorentine woman was mother to 3 kin#s of :rance* and wife to anotherA =ho was the 3rd man on the moonA =ho desi#ned Kueen Dli-abeth ))@s weddin# dressA =hat was the name of Gomer 7impson@s 5owlin# teamA =hich %014@s hit movie was based on a poem by 3ames !ickeyA =hich famous musician N sin#er was born 9c,inley 9or#anfieldA =ho was the last person to be executed in the .ower of EondonA )n what film would you have seen a sword fi#ht on the 8liffs of )nsanityA =hat is the world@s lar#est bird of preyA 7ir 9ark ?liphant was once 6remier of which /ustralian 7tateA Cear which )sraeli city would you find the 9ount ?f ?livesA =hat colour are the towers of 7an :rancisco@s "olden "ate 5rid#eA =hat is the sixth letter of hte Dn#lish alphabetA Gow many years of marrai#e are celebrated by a "olden =eddin# /nniversaryA Gow many dwarves lived in the house discovered by 7now =hiteA 5y what short name were the 7ecret 7tate 6olice of Ca-i "ermany knownA 9usican 5o !idley is famous for playin# which instrumentA =hich acress be#an life as !oris ,apellhoffA =hat name is #iven to the punctuation mark with a dot directly above a commaA =hat country produces +io$a winesA =ho was the favourite dau#hter of 7hakespeare@s ,in# EearA =hich /ustralkian city includes the suburbs of 8ottesloe and 7ubiacoA =ho discovered ?xy#en in %114A Came the author of / .own Eike /lice Gow many Darth years does it take 6luto to orbit the sunA =hat name is #iven to the central part of a fleshy fruit* containin# the seedsA =hat letter appears to the ri#ht of H on a keyboardA =hat is it that makes soda water fi--A =hat disease is the 7abin ;accine used to preventA Came the actor #randfathr of !rew 5arrymore' =ho is the female host of the television show* 5etter Gomes and "ardensA =hich comedian once said* J/ well&balanced person has a drink in each handJA 8omplete this proverbM / #rowin# youth has a ''''''A

235' =hat are the three #iven names of author 3++ .olkeinA 236' =ho portrayed ,evin /rnold in the television series* .he =onder HearsA 231' =ith whom did 5arbra 7treisand team to release the hit son#* JHou !on@t 5rin# 9e :lowersJA 23(' 8omplete this proverbM :acts are '''''''''''''' 230' =ho portrayed 9elanie =ilks in the film* "one =ith .he =indA 244' Came the /ustralian artist who painted J.he +abbitersJ 24%' )n the famous @=hite Gorse@ :/ 8up final of %023* what was the name of the =hite GorseA 242' =hich is the lar#est of the .rucial statesA 243' =hose last words were @.he rest is silence@A 244' =hat was double&headed for +ussia N /ustria* but sin#le&headed for "ermanyA 245' )n the famous /pril :ools !ay $oke* where did +ichard !imbleby say that spa#hetti was bein# #rown on treesA 246' =hich :lorentine woman was mother to 3 kin#s of :rance* and wife to anotherA 241' =ho desi#ned Kueen Dli-abeth ))@s weddin# dressA 24(' :or what crime is ;incent 6erru#ia best rememberedA 240' =ho was the 3rd man on the moonA 254' )n which sport are 5onspiel and 8rampit common termsA

3>8 <DS482S
%' 9r 8heckhovO 2' )t@s always the second 7unday in 9ay' 3' 9r "orbachov 4' .he 5urma +ailway' 5' .he 7ahara 6' 3ohn ?@"rady 1' ?me#a (' 7cott 3oplin 0' Eotuses' %4' .elemachus %%' 7ir Eancelot %2' Celson@s 8olums %3' .he :emale Dunuch %4' 7anskrit %5' 8harlie 8haplin %6' !oric* )onic and 8oninthian %1' Eara %(' +ichard 8romwell %0' .he :lyin# !utchman 24' 6oliticalM he was 5ritish 69 %(2(&34 2%' @?nward 8hristian 7oldiers@ 22' @6inch&nose@ 23' /rc !e .riomphe

24' 25' 26' 21' 2(' 20' 34' 3%' 32' 33' 34' 35' 36' 31' 3(' 30' 44' 4%' 42' 43' 44' 45' 46' 41' 4(' 40' 54' 5%' 52' 53' 54' 55' 56' 51' 5(' 50' 64' 6%' 62' 63' 64' 65' 66' 61' 6(' 60' 14' 1%' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16'

9arionettes Kuinine =ar ?f .he +oses !ead 7ea .elescope !r !oolittle :rank )field 8ity .o 7urf race 9auritius 5oth +omeo and 3uliet +obin Good and Eittle 3ohn "reat =hite 7hark Dnterprises .here is noneO 3ohn Eennon !onald Gorne .hirteen people at the East 7upper ?ne pound 7croo#e 9c!uck .riple $ump /ustralia =attle blossom 7haddap Hou :ace /llah (3ames) ;an /llen 5elts )t is =alter Eindrum@s world&record break 8hief 3oseph .he 6ub =ith Co 5eer +ocky 9attioil*=58 3unior 9iddlewei#ht =ind musical instrument 8hica#o Coah 6resident of the Bnited 7tates 7enate Earry Golmes in %0(4 Cew 7outh =ales 3uly 4th "re#ory 6eck )talian 9ichelan#elo 5risbane .he stomach 7ixty 8auliflower Dar =illiam =ordsworth .he 6th'* %05% 7vetlana !r 8hristian 5arnard +ussia .he 8arparthia 8harleston* 7outh 8arolina /nita Eoos :rancis "ary 6owers +ome %0(5

11' D#bert of =essex 1(' / horse 10' ?scar =ilde (4' )t is a huntin# do# (%' .he Corthern .erritory (2' / sheep (3' "overnor /rthur 6hilip (4' Gematite (5' "enetics (6' 6arramatta (1' :allow ((' 7t Cicholas (0' 9ilton ?bote 04' .he cubit 0%' :rom +ussia =ith Eove 02' .he B7/ and +hodesia 03' /rabic 04' /ntarctica 05' Co* 6olar bears live in the /rctic* while 6en#uins inhabit the /ntarctic and other southern areas 06' 9exico 01' .he eardrum 0(' :leet 7treet 00' .he .ime 9achine %44' 9elbourne %4%' .he 7orbonne %42' 7apphire %43' 6arkland 9emorial Gospital* !allas* .exas* B7/' %44' +evelation %45' "one=ith .he =ind %46' /pril* 9ay and 3une %41' .he 7outhern 8ross %4(' .ania ;erstak %40' .he .a$ 9ahal %%4' :ili#ree %%%' ?din %%2' G97 Good %%3' /piarist %%4' "reat Dxpectations %%5' G97 /rk +oyal %%6' 30 in the ?ld .estament and 21 in the Cew %%1' 44 de#rees %%(' 8lementine %%0' sacrile#e %24' 9arcus 3unius 5rutus %2%' 9anhatton 6ro$ect %22' .exas +an#ers %23' "ol#otha %24' Fero %25' .wenty&one %26' .he lar#est department&store %21' "reenland %2(' 6aul 7tr-lecki

%20' 9en %34' .he :isherman@s +in# %3%' 7alt %32' .he trolls of !enmark %33' 5urd Dllen %34' +ussia@s 5aba Ha#a %35' 9r 9iacca %36' .he Eaidly =orm %31' :air 3anet %3(' "rendel %30' 5eowulf %44' .he /pples ?f Houth which kept the /esir youn# %4%' Dnovid %42' .he 6entaleuch %43' %04% %44' 9on#olia %45' ?ne calorie %46' 6an /m %41' 23 %4(' Einoleum %40' /ri-ona %54' :our %5%' 6ennsylvania %52' Kuorum %53' )ntel %54' 7aturn %55' 3ohn*(6) %56' %024' %51' 5oats %5(' (0 %50' .he 9amas and .he 6apas %64' .he 7tar ?f !avid %6%' !isneyland %62' )melda %63' 6otassium %64' 3anuary 26th %65' /#atha 8hristie %66' %1 %61' :ive %6(' 5en ,in#sley %60' Gow !oes Hour "arden "rowA %14' Dn#land %1%' =illiam 9ckinley %12' '''.wo =omen %13' :rank Gornby %14' .he 6hilistines %15' 9ark %16' '''.he means %11' 9ark .wain %1(' 3ohn Eennon %10' ;alentina .ereshkova %(4' Coone' Eee Garvey ?swald was suspected but murdered before any conviction was recorded

%(%' %(2' %(3' %(4' %(5' %(6' %(1' %((' %(0' %04' %0%' %02' %03' %04' %05' %06' %01' %0(' %00' 244' 24%' 242' 243' 244' 245' 246' 241' 24(' 240' 2%4' 2%%' 2%2' 2%3' 2%4' 2%5' 2%6' 2%1' 2%(' 2%0' 224' 22%' 222' 223' 224' 225' 226' 221' 22(' 220' 234' 23%' 232' 233'

"ermany /ustria 6luto 241 years* 255 days 9t 8ook E 5arbara 7treisand 8arnation +evolution Dyeclip !o# )ndia 6lume +adium Kuiff %444 6icasso 8olonel Garlan 7anders /55/ %0(1 .he !anube' Ge 7tole .he 9ona Eisa 8atherine !e 9edici 8harles 8onrad Corman Gartnell 6in 6als !eliverance 9uddy =aters 3osef 3akobs .he 6rincess 5ride 8alifornian 8ondor' 7outh /ustralia 3erusalem +ed : 54 1 "estapo "uitar !oris !ay 7emi&colon' 7pain 8ordelia 6erth 3oseph 6riestly Cevil 7hute 24( .he core B 8arbon !ioxide 6olio 3ohn 5arrymore Coni Ga-lehurst 5illy 8onnolly

234' 235' 236' 231' 23(' 230' 244' 24%' 242' 243' 244' 245' 246' 241' 24(' 240' 254'

=olf in his belly 3ohn +onald +euel :red 7ava#e Ceil !iamond 7tubborn thin#s ?livia !e Gavilland 7ir +ussell !rysdale 5illy /bu&!habi Gamlet s )mperial Da#le 7outhern 7wit-erland 8atherine !e 9edici Corman Gartnell Ge 7tole .he 9ona Eisa 8harles 8onrad 8urlin#

P:# PAP*1 2998/2919

P:# Paper B 2998

1J. The word :uha$$ad I#A!J as a na$e has been $entioned in Quran only; IbJ /our ti$es 2J. Khateeb KulBAnbia as a title o%; IdJ 7a2rat #hoaib IA#J &J. 7a2rat "$er I1AJ appointed as custodian o% @aitBulB:al; I< dullah ,J. The e%%ective Ga'at #yste$ can ensure the eli$ination o%; IaJ Poverty .J. A Ferse o% the 7oly Quran indicates the na$e o%; IdJ 7a2rat Gaid I1AJ in MasudJ

3J. :asEid Gu Qiblatain is situated in ; IaJ :adina 4J. !ho was a 7istorian0 Eustice0 philospher as well as Politician IbJ Abdur 1eh$an bin Khaldun 6J. !hich #urah o% Quran has @is$illah twice; IbJ Al <a$al 8J. 7ad BeB Qa2a% I/alse AccusationJ is; IcJ 69 -ashes 19J. Ada @in 7ata$ Thai e$braced 5sla$ in; IcJ 8 7iEri 11J. !ealth obtained %ro$ a $ine is liable to; IbJ Khu$us 12J. #adaABeB*idBulB%itr has been proclai$ed in the year; IaJ 2 7iEri 1&J. 5$a$BeBDarBulB7iErat was a title o%; IbJ 5$a$ :ali' 1,J. The seal a%%i?ed on i$portant letters by prophet I#A!J was in the )ustody o%; IcJ 7a2rat 'hu2ai%a I1AJ 1.J. A$een KulB"$at is the title o% 7a2rat; IcJ AbuBubaida bin Al Earaah I1AJ 13J. 1iver <eil was declared as #ayedBulBAnhar by 7a2rat; IbJ ha2rat "$er I1AJ 14J. "$$BulB:asa'een was the title given to one o% the wives o% the Prophet I#A!J; IcJ 7a2rat Gainab benet Khu2i$a I1.AJ 16J. 7a2rat :uha$$ad I#A!J gave the 'ey o% @ait "llah per$anently to 7a2rat; IcJ "s$an bin Talha 18J. Ara%at gathering is held on; IbJ 8 Gil haEE

29J. !hich one o% the %ollowing is included a$ongst the "sheraBeB :ubhashera; IcJ #aad @in Abi waAas P:# PAP*1 2919 IiJ @atha Falley is situated in;IaJ :a''ah IiiJ The longest #urah o% the QurCan is;aJ #urah al @aAarah IiiiJ AlB:aeen is a #urah in which there are;aJ 199 or $ore ayahs IivJ LArbaeenL is the boo' o% 7adith in which there are;aJ ,9 Ahadith IvJ /atwa Qa2i Khan is an authentic /atwa o%;dJ /iAh 7ana%i IviJ L/5DKL garden was bestowed to the 7oly Prophet as;aJ /ay IviiJ Q"@A $osAue has been $entioned in; aJ #urah al Tauba IviiiJ The tile given to the pioneers o% 5sla$ was; cJ AssabiAoon al Awwalun Ii?J The $eaning o% =A #A@A7A7> is; cJ >h0 :orning danger I?J The :aster i% 7a2rat @ilal I:A@P7J during e$bracing 5sla$ was; cJ "$$ayia bin Khala% I?iJ #plitting o% the $oon occurred in; bJ :ina I?iiJ The L5/KL event is described in the QurCan in;cJ #urah <oor I?iiiJ The ProphetCs sta$p co$prises o% these words;aJ Allah01asool0:uha$$ad

I?ivJ The heads o% Ga'at are;aJ *ight I?vJ :A"!AGATA5< $eans;bJ Two speci%ic #urahs o% Quran I?viJ >22a was the na$e o%;aJ A speci%ic goddess o% Quraish I?viiJ -*ACA< is;aJ A clause o% 5sla$ic law I?viiiJ Ashabus sabt $eans;aJ Dews I?i?J The nu$ber o% %a$ous $onths are;aJ /our I??J DabalBeB<oor is situated in;eJ <one o% these

P:# PAP*1 2994/2996

MCQS P:# Paper B 2994

1. 7ow $any stages the Quran contains IbJ 4 2. !ho was the %irst writer o% L!ahiL in Quraish IbJ 7a2rat Gaid bin #abit I1AJ &. KitabBulBAssar is co$piled by; IaJ 5$a$ Abu 7ani%ah I1AJ ,. 5$a$ #ha%i too' the o%%ice o% L1eligious Dudg$entL in the age o%; IdJ 1. years .. !hat was the na$e o% %oster sister o% the 7oly Prophet IP@"7J #hi$a I1AJ IdJ 7a2rat

3. <a$a2BeB5stisAaL is prayer %or; IcJ 1ain 4. !ho is called LsaAi 2a$ 2a$L IaJ 7a2rat Abbas I1AJ 6. The LKissing o% the 7aErBeBAswadL is called; IcJ 5stela$ 8. !hat is the nu$ber o% 1a$2an in the 5sla$ic )alender IbJ 8th 19. Give the na$e0 who co$piled %irst wor' o% 7adith L#ahi%aBeB#adiAa.L IdJ 7a2rat Abu 7urairah I1AJ P:# Paper B 2996

i. !ho advised Abu @a'r I1.AJ to co$pile the Quran; a. 7a2rat "$ar I1.AJ ii. The <isab o% Ga'at in #ilver is; d. .2 M Tolas iii. The Prophet $ade 7a2rat :uaa2 bin Dabal the Governor o%; d. =a$an iv. !ho are the N#ahibainO c. Abu =usu% and 5$a$ #haibani v. 7aEE is not co$pleted unless you go to; d. Ara%at vi. NKitabBalB"$$O is written by; c. 5$a$ #ha%i vii. The %oundation o% @ait "lB7i'$ah was laid down during; a. Abbasid Period viii. !hat is the nu$ber o% $onth N1aEabO in 5sla$ic )alendar b. 4th i?. /irst :uEadid was 7a2rat "$ar bin Abdul A2i2. !ho was the second one

c. Ah$ad #irhindi ?. #ahi%a 7a$$a$ bin :unabih was %ound by; c. Dr. 7a$idullah ?i. 5n which #urat o% Quran there is $ention o% GulAarnain b. Al'aha% ?ii. :usli$s are the best o% all due to; b. :oderation ?iii. #ahib "sB#er is the nic'na$e o%; a. 7a2rat Khu2ai%a I1.AJ ?iv. :asEide Khie% is located in; c. :inna ?v. Ghaseel ul :alai'a is the title o%; c. 7a2rat 7an2ala I1.AJ ?vi. !ho was appointed as "sher %or 7iEratBeB:adinah c. 7a2rat Abdullah bin AriAat I1.AJ ?vii. !ho was a historian Eurist0 philosopher0 as well as a politician b. Abdur 1eh$an 5bni Khaldoon ?viii. !hen law o% inheritence was revealed b. /our 7iEree ?i?. !ho was the last )o$$ander in )hie% %or Gha2waBeB:autah a. 7a2rat Khalid bin !aleed I1.AJ ??. 5$a$ Dar ul 7iErat is the title o%; b. 5$a$ :ali'

P:# PAP*1 299./2993

P:# Paper B 299. 1J. !hich #urah starts without @is$illah; cJ AlBToba

2J. A $ale is co%%ined/wrapped in PP dressed sheets; cJ & &J. A$ount o% 2a'at cannot be used in PPPPP . bJ :osAue ,J. !hat is #ahihain; 0 cJ @u'hari and :usli$ .J. Dehad beco$e $andatory in PPP7iEra; bJ 2 A7 0000

3J. !hich one is called :asha+arBulB7ara$; bJ :u2dali%a valley 4J. !ho was the %irst $artyre in 5sla$; n cJ 7a2arat #u$aya I1AJ 6J. !ho %irst e$braced 5sla$ a$ong wo$en; cJ 7a2rat KhadiEa I1AJ 8J. !hat is 5stela$; cJ 'issing 7aEre Aswad 19J. !ho collected Quranic verses in one place; dJ 7a2rat "s$an I1AJ P:# Paper B 2993

1. 7ow $uch #urah the Quran contains; c. 11, 2. The <isab o% Ga'at in gold is; c. 4 M Tolas &. A Ferse o% the 7oly Quran indicates the na$e o%;d. 7a2rat Gaid ,. A :usli$ %e$ale is co%%ined in; b. /ive #heets

.. The original na$e o% 5$a$ @u'hari is; d. :uha$$ad bin 5s$ail 3. :a''a was conAuered in; d. 6 A.7 4. Qurbani I7oly #laughteringJis $ade during 7aEE at; b. :ina 6. Da$iBiBQuran is ta'en %or; c. 7a2rat "s$an I1.AJ 8. PiousB)aliphate lasted %or about; c. Thirty =ears 19. Gathering on Ara%at during 7aEE is $ade on; a. 8th Gil 7aEEah

Governor Generals Governors-General of Pakistan, 19471956

:uha$$ad Ali Dinnah KhawaEa <a2i$uddin Ghula$ :uha$$ad 5s'ander :ir2a

1@ $ugust 1CDE 1D (eptem%er 1CD8 1E )"to%er 1C@1F F )"to%er 1C@@

T) T) T) T)

11 (eptem%er 1CD8 1E )"to%er 1C@1 )"to%er 1C@@ 2G /ar", 1C@F

Pri$e :inisters

-ist >% Pri$e$inisters o% Pa'istan

1?Lia>uat $li *,an 1D $ugust 1CDE to 1F )"to%er 1C@1 2?(ir *,awa9a Nazimuddin 1E )"to%er 1C@1 to 1E $pril 1C@G G?/u,ammad $li Bogra 1E $pril 1C@G to 12 $ugust 1C@@ D?C,aud,ry /u,ammad $li 12 $ugust 1C@@ to 12 (eptem%er 1C@F @?#useyn (,a,eed (u,rawardy 12 (eptem%er 1C@F to 1E )"to%er 1C@E F?I%ra,im Ismail C,undrigar 1E )"to%er 1C@E to 1F ;e"em%er 1C@E E?(ir eroz *,an Noon 1F ;e"em%er 1C@E to Post Abolished E )"to%er 1C@8 E ;e"em%er 1CE1 8?Nurul $min E ;e"em%er 1CE1 Post Abolished 2B ;e"em%er 1CE1 1D $ugust 1CEG C?3ul+i'ar $li B,utto 1D $ugust 1CEG to @ July 1CEE Post Abolished @ July 1CEE 2D /ar", 1C8@ 1B?/u,amma, *,an June9o 2D /ar", 1C8@ to 2C /ay 1C88 IndependentH to 2B ;e"em%er 1CE1 E )"to%er 1C@8

Post Abolished 2C /ay 1C88 2 ;e"em%er 1C88 11?Benazir B,utto 2 ;e"em%er 1C88 to F $ugust 1CCB

12?G,ulam /usta+a Jatoi F $ugust 1CCB to F No6em%er 1CCB Careta'er 1G?Nawaz (,ari+ F No6em%er 1CCB to 18 $pril 1CCG

1D?Bala', (,er /azari 18 $pril 1CCG to 2F /ay 1CCG 1@?Nawaz (,ari+ 2F /ay 1CCG to 18 July 1CCG

1F?/oeenuddin $,mad 5ures,i 18 July 1CCG to 1C )"to%er 1CCG Careta'er 1E?Benazir B,utto 1C )"to%er 1CCG to @ No6em%er 1CCF 18?/ali' /era9 *,alid @ No6em%er 1CCF to Careta'er 1C?Nawaz (,ari+ 1E e%ruary 1CCE Post Abolished 12 )"to%er 1CCC 21 No6em%er 2BB2 2B?3a+arulla, *,an Jamali 21 No6em%er 2BB2 to 2F June 2BBD 21?C,aud,ry (,u9aat #ussain GB June 2BBD to 2B $ugust 2BBD 1E e%ruary 1CCE

to 12 )"to%er 1CCC

22?(,au'at $ziz 2B $ugust 2BBD

to 1F No6em%er 2BBE

2G?/u,ammad /ian (oomro 1F No6em%er 2BBE to 2@ /ar", 2BB8 2D?Yousa+ .aza Gillani 2@ /ar", 2BB8 to In"um%ent

Presidents

List of Presidents in Pakistan

1B5s'ander :ir2a
23 March 1956 TO 27 October 1958

2B:uha$$ad Ayub Khan

27 October 1958 TO 25 March 1969 /ilitary

&B=ahya Khan
25 March 1969 /ilitary TO 20 December 1971

,BGul%i'ar Ali @hutto

20 December 1971 TO 13 August 1973 -a'istan -eoples -arty

.B/a2al 5lahi )haudhry

13 August 1973 TO 16 September 1978 -a'istan -eoples -arty

3B:uha$$ad GiaBulB7aA
16 September 1978 TO 17 August 1988 /ilitary

4BGhula$ 5shaA Khan

17 August 1988 TO Independent 18 Jul 1993

6B!asi$ #aEEad ( !tin"#

18 Jul 1993 TO 1! "o#ember 1993 -a'istan /uslim League 0N1

8B/arooA -eghari
1! "o#ember 1993 TO 2 December 1997 -a'istan -eoples -arty

19B!asi$ #aEEad ( !tin"#

2 December 1997 TO 1 Ja$uar 1998 -a'istan /uslim League 0N1

11B:uha$$ad 1a%iA Tarar

1 Ja$uar 1998 TO 20 Ju$e 2001 -a'istan /uslim League 0N1

12BPerve2 :usharra%
20 Ju$e 2001 TO 18 August 2008 /ilitary%-a'istan /uslim League 051

1&B:uha$$ad :ian #oo$ro ( !tin"#

18 August 2008 TO 9 September 2008 -a'istan /uslim League 051

1,BAsi% Ali Gardari

9 September 2008 TO -a'istan -eoples -arty &'$cumbe$t(

)hie% :inisters o% PunEab

List of Chief Ministers of Punjab

1-Iftikhar Hussain Khan August 15, 1947 to January 25, 1949 Muslim L agu

Governor's rule January 25, 1949 A!ril 5, 1951 2-Mian Mumta" #aultana A!ril 15, 1951 to A!ril $, 195$ Muslim L agu $-% ro" Khan &oon A!ril $, 195$ to May 21, 1955 Muslim L agu 4-A'(ul Hami( Khan #asti May 21, 1955 to )*to' r 14, 1955 Muslim L agu Post Abolished )*to' r 14, 1955 Jun $+, 197+ ,art of - st ,akistan !ro.in* Martial law July 1, 197+ May 2, 1972 5-Malik M ra/ Khali( May 2, 1972 to &o. m' r 12, 197$ ,akistan , o!l s ,arty 0-1hulam Mustafa Khar &o. m' r 12, 197$ to ,akistan , o!l s ,arty

Mar*h 15, 1974

7-Hanif 2amay Mar*h 15, 1974 to July 15, 1975 ,akistan , o!l s ,arty 3-4a(i5 Hussain 6ur shi July 15, 1975 to July 5, 1977 ,akistan , o!l s ,arty Martial law July 5, 1977

A!ril 9, 1935 9-&a7a" 4harif A!ril 9, 1935 to August 1$, 199+ ,akistan Muslim L agu 1+-1hulam Hai( r -yn &o. m' r 3, 199+ to Islami Jamhoori Itt ha(

A!ril 25, 199$

11-Man"oor -attoo 81st tim 9 A!ril 25, 199$ to July 19, 199$ ,akistan Muslim L agu 8J9 12-Man"oor :lahi 8*ar tak r9 July 19, 199$ to )*to' r 2+, 199$ 1$-Man"oor -attoo 82n( tim 9 )*to' r 2+, 199$ to 4 !t m' r 1$, 1995 ,akistan Muslim L agu 8J9 14-4ar(ar Arif &akai 4 !t m' r 1$, 1995 to &o. m' r $, 1990 ,akistan Muslim L agu 8J9 15-Man"oor -attoo 8$r( tim 9 &o. m' r $, 1990 to &o. m' r 10, 1990 ,akistan Muslim L agu 8J9 10-Mian Af"al Hayat 8*ar tak r9 &o. m' r 10, 1990 to % 'ruary 2+, 1997 17-4hah'a" 4harif 81st tim 9 % 'ruary 2+, 1997 to )*to' r 12, 1999 ,akistan Muslim L agu 8&9 Governor's rule )*to' r 11, 1999 &o. m' r 29, 2++2 13-;hau(hry , r.ai" :lahi &o. m' r 29, 2++2 to &o. m' r 13, 2++7 ,akistan Muslim L agu 869

19-4hi kh :/a" &isar 8*ar tak r9 &o. m' r 19, 2++7 to A!ril 11, 2++3 2+-#ost Muhamma( Khosa A!ril 12, 2++3 to Jun 3, 2++3 ,akistan Muslim L agu 8&9 21-4hah'a" 4harif 82n( tim 9 Jun 3, 2++3 to % 'ruary 25, 2++9 ,akistan Muslim L agu 8&9 Governor's rule % 'ruary 25, 2++9 Mar*h $+, 2++9 22-4hah'a" 4harif 82 stor (9 Mar*h $+, 2++9 to In*um' nt ,akistan Muslim L agu 8&9

Governors o% PunEab

List of governors of Punjab

1-Sir Francis Mudie 15 August, 1947 2 August, 1949 2-Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar 2 August, 1949 24 &o. 1951 3-Ibrahim Ismail hundri!ar 24 &o. m' r, 1951 2 May, 195$ "-Mian Aminuddin 2 May, 195$ 24 Jun , 1954 #-$abib Ibrahim Rahimtoola 20 4 !t m' r, 1954 20 &o. m' r, 1954 %-Mushta& Ahmed Gurmani

27 &o. m' r, 1954 14 )*to' r, 1955 Part o' (est Pa)istan *rovince 14 )*to' r, 1955 1 July, 197+ +-,t Gen Atti&ur Rahman 1 July, 197+ # * m' r 1971 --Ghulam Musta'a .har /0st time1 # * m' r 1971 % 'ruary, 197$ 2-$ani' Rama3 % 'ruary, 197$ Mar*h, 1974 04-Sadi& $ussain 5ureshi Mar*h 1974 1$ Mar*h, 1975 00-Ghulam Musta'a .har /2nd time1 1$ Mar*h, 1975 $1 July, 1975 02-Mohammad Abbas Abbasi $1 July, 1975 4 !t m' r 1977 03-Aslam Ria6 $ussain 4 !t m' r 1977 4 !t m' r 1973 0"-,t Gen Sawar .han 4 !t m' r 1973 Mar*h 193+ 0#-,t Gen /r1 Ghulam 7ilani .han Mar*h 193+ # * m' r 1935 0%-Ma)hdoom Sa88ad $ussain 5ureshi

# * m' r 1935 # * m' r 1933 0+-General /r1 9i))a .han # * m' r 1933 August 199+ 0--Mian Mohammad A6har August 199+ 1992 02- haudhr3 Alta' $ussain 1992 21 May, 1995 24-,t Gen /r1 Ra8a Saroo* .han 19 Jun , 1995 5 &o. m' r, 1990 20-.hawa8a 9ari& Rahim 5 &o. m' r, 1990 1+ Mar*h, 1997 22-Shahid $amid 1+ Mar*h, 1997 17 August, 1999 23-:ul'i&ar Ali .hosa 17 August, 1999 21 )*to' r, 1999 2"-,t Gen /r1 Muhammad Sa'dar 21 )*to' r, 1999 29 )*to' r, 2++1 2#-,t Gen /r1 .halid Ma&bool 29 )*to' r, 2++1 10 May, 2++3 2%-Salmaan 9aseer 17 May, 2++3 4 jan 2011

27- latif khosa 13 jan 2011 incumbent -ist o% )hie% :inisters o% @alochistan

List of Chief Ministers of Balochistan

Ataullah Mengal May 1, 1 72 !ebruary 1", 1 7" #ational A$a%i Party &overnor's rule !ebruary 1", 1 7" A(ril 27, 1 7" )a% &hula% *a+ir ,han -1st ti%e. A(ril 27, 1 7" /ece%ber "1, 1 70 Pakistan Peo(les Party &overnor's rule /ece%ber "1, 1 70 /ece%ber 7, 1 71 2ar+ar Moha%%a+ ,han Baro3ai /ece%ber 7, 1 71 A(ril 0, 1 77 Pakistan Peo(les Party Martial la$ A(ril 0, 1 77 A(ril 1, 1 45 )a% &hula% *a+ir ,han -2n+ ti%e. A(ril 1, 1 45 May 2 , 1 44 6n+e(en+ent 7afarullah ,han )a%ali -1st ti%e. )une 20, 1 44 /ece%ber 20, 1 44 6sla%i )a%hoori 6tteha+ ,hu+a Bu8 Marri -acting. /ece%ber 20, 1 44 !ebruary 5, 1 4 Balochistan 9igh Court )u+ge #a$ab Akbar ,han Bugti

!ebruary 5, 1 4 August 7, 1 : Balochistan #ational Alliance Mir 9u%ayun ,han Marri -caretaker. August 7, 1 : #ove%ber 17, 1 : ;aj Muha%%a+ )a%ali #ove%ber 17, 1 : May 2:, 1 " 6sla%i )a%hoori 6tteha+ 7ulfikar Ali Magsi -1st ti%e. May 2:, 1 " )uly 1 , 1 " 6n+e(en+ent Moha%%a+ #asir Mengal -caretaker. )uly 1 , 1 " <ctober 2:, 1 " 6n+e(en+ent 7ulfikar Ali Magsi -2n+ ti%e. <ctober 2:, 1 " #ove%ber , 1 1 6n+e(en+ent 7afarullah ,han )a%ali -caretaker= 2n+ ti%e. #ove%ber , 1 1 !ebruary 22, 1 7 6n+e(en+ent Akhtar Mengal !ebruary 22, 1 7 )une 15, 1 4 Balochistan #ational Party )an Moha%%a+ )a%ali )une 15, 1 4 <ctober 12, 1 6n+e(en+ent &overnor's rule <ctober 12, 1

/ece%ber 1, 2::2 6n+e(en+ent )a% Moha%%a+ >ousaf /ece%ber 1, 2::2 #ove%ber 1 , 2::7 Pakistan Musli% League -*. Moha%%a+ 2aleh Bhutani -caretaker. #ove%ber 1 , 2::7 A(ril 4, 2::4 Asla% ?aisani A(ril , 2::4 Incumbent Pakistan Peo(les Party

-ist o% Governors o% @alochistan

List of &overnors of Balochistan

Rana Muhammad Asim ;adar 1 July, 197+ 25 # * m' r, 1971 Ghous ;a)hsh Raisani 25 # * m' r, 1971 29 A!ril, 1972 Ghaus ;a)hsh ;i6en8o 29 A!ril, 1972 15 % 'ruary, 197$ Nawab A)bar .han ;u!ti 15 % 'ruary, 197$ $ January, 1974 Ahmad <ar .han $ January, 1974 4 !t m' r 1977 .huda ;a)hsh Marri 4 !t m' r 1977

4 !t m' r 1973 ,t Gen Rahimuddin .han /M,A1 4 !t m' r 1973 Mar*h 1934 ,t Gen /R1 Sirdar F=S= .han ,odhi /M,A1 Mar*h 1934 July 1934 ,t Gen .hushdil .han A'ridi /M,A1 July 1934 # * m' r 1935 General /R1 Musa .han # * m' r 1935 12 Mar*h, 1991 $a6ar .han .hoso /actin!1 12 Mar*h, 1991 July 1991 Sardar Gul Mohammad .han 7o!e6ai July 1991 199$ ;ri! /R1 Abdul Rahim >urrani /actin!1 199$ May 1994 ,t Gen /R1 Imran ?llah .han May 1994 3 A!ril, 1997 Amir-ul-Mul) Men!al /0st time@ actin!1 3 A!ril, 1997 22 A!ril, 1997 Mian!ul Auran!6eb 22 A!ril, 1997 17 August, 1999 S3ed Fa6al A!ha 17 August, 1999

21 )*to' r, 1999 Amir-ul-Mul) Men!al /2nd time1 21 )*to' r, 1999 1 % 'ruary, 2++$ ,t Gen /R1 Abdul 5adir ;aloch 1 % 'ruary, 2++$ 11 August, 2++$ Awais Ahmed Ghani 11 August, 2++$ 5 January, 2++3 Amanullah .han <asin6ai /actin!1 5 January, 2++3 23 % 'ruary, 2++3 :ul'i)ar Ali Ma!si 23 % 'ruary, 2++3 Still on Seat

)hie% :inisters KhyberBPa'htun'hwa List of C$ief Ministers of %$&'er-Pak$t(nk$)a

Abdul Qayyu$ Khan $ugust 2G& 1CDE $pril 2G& 1C@G /uslim League #ardar Abdur 1ashid Khan $pril 2G& 1C@G July 18& 1C@@ /uslim League #ardar @ahadur Khan July 1C& 1C@@ )"to%er 1D& 1C@@ /uslim League Post abolished )"to%er 1D& 1C@@

June GB& 1CEB -art o+ 7est -a'istan pro6in"e :artial law July 1& 1CEB /ay 1& 1CE2 :aulana :u%ti :eh$ood /ay 1& 1CE2 e%ruary 12& 1CEG Jamiat 4lema?e?Islam #ardar 5nayatullah Khan Gandapur $pril 2C& 1CEG e%ruary 1F& 1CE@ -a'istan -eoples -arty GovernorCs rule e%ruary 1F& 1CE@ /ay G& 1CE@ <asrullah Khan Khatta' /ay G& 1CE@ $pril C& 1CEE -a'istan -eoples -arty :uha$$ad 5Abal Khan Dadoon $pril C& 1CEE July @& 1CEE -a'istan -eoples -arty :artial law July @& 1CEE $pril E& 1C8@ Arbab Dehangir Khan $pril E& 1C8@ /ay G1& 1C88 -a'istan -eoples -arty -t Gen IrJ /a2le 7aA Icareta'er1 /ay G1& 1C88 ;e"em%er 2& 1C88 A%tab Ah$ad #herpao I1st ti$eJ ;e"em%er 2& 1C88

$ugust E& 1CCB -a'istan -eoples -arty :ir A%2al Khan Iacting till 6 <ov 1889J $ugust E& 1CCB July 2B& 1CCG 5sla$i Da$hoori 5ttehad /u+ti /u,ammad $%%as 0"areta'er1 July 2B& 1CCG )"to%er 2B& 1CCG Pir #abir #hah )"to%er 2B& 1CCG e%ruary 2@& 1CCD -a'istan /uslim League 0N1 GovernorCs rule e%ruary 2@& 1CCD $pril 2D& 1CCD A%tab Ah$ad #herpao I2nd ti$eJ $pril 2D& 1CCD No6em%er 12& 1CCF -a'istan -eoples -arty 0(,erpao1 1aEa #i'ander Ga$an Khan Icareta'erJ No6em%er 12& 1CCF e%ruary 21& 1CCE :ehtab Ah$ed Khan e%ruary 21& 1CCE )"to%er 12& 1CCC -a'istan /uslim League 0N1 GovernorCs rule )"to%er 12& 1CCC No6em%er GB& 2BB2 A'ra$ Khan Durrani No6em%er GB& 2BB2 )"to%er 11& 2BBE /utta,ida /a9lis?e?$mal #ha$sul :ul' Icareta'erJ )"to%er 11& 2BBE

/ar", GB& 2BB8 A$eer 7aider Khan 7oti /ar", G1& 2BB8 Incumbent $wami National -arty

Governors o% KhyberBPa'htun'hwa

-ist o% Governors o% KhyberBPa'htun'hwa

1B#ir George )unningha$ $ugust 1@& 1CDE $pril C& 1CD8 2B#ir A$brose Dundas /lu? Dundas $pril C& 1CD8 July 1F& 1CDC &B#ahib2ada :oha$$ad Khurshid July 1F& 1CDC January 1D& 1C@B ,B:oha$$ad 5brahi$ Khan Dhagra IactingJ January 1D& 1C@B e%ruary 21& 1C@B .B5s$ail 5brahi$ )hundrigar e%ruary 21& 1C@B No6em%er 2G& 1C@1 3BKhwaEa #hahabuddin No6em%er 2D& 1C@1 No6em%er 1E& 1C@D 4BQurban Ali #hah No6em%er 1E& 1C@D )"to%er 1D& 1C@@ 6BPart o% !est Pa'istan province )"to%er 1D& 1C@@ July 1& 1CEB 8B-t Gen K.:. A2har Khan

July 1& 1CEB ;e"em%er 2@& 1CE1 19B7ayat #herpao ;e"em%er 2@& 1CE1 $pril GB& 1CE2 11BArbab #i'andar Khan $pril GB& 1CE2 e%ruary 1@& 1CEG 12BAsla$ Khatta' e%ruary 1@& 1CEG /ay 2D& 1CED 1&B:aE Gen IrJ #yed Ghawas /ay 2D& 1CED /ar", 1& 1CEF 1,B:aE Gen IrJ <aseerullah @abar /ar", 1& 1CEF July F& 1CEE 1.BDustice Abdul 7a'ee$ Khan July F& 1CEE (eptem%er 1E& 1CE8 13B-t Gen /a2le 7aA )"to%er 11& 1CE8 ;e"em%er 12& 1C8@ 14B<awab2ada Abdul Gha%oor Khan 7oti ;e"em%er GB& 1C8@ $pril 1G& 1C8F 16BDustice #yed "s$an Ali #hah IactingJ $pril 1G& 1C8F $ugust 2E& 1C8F 18B/ida :oha$$ad Khan $ugust 2E& 1C8F June 1F& 1C88 29B@rig IrJ A$ir Gulistan DanEua June 1F& 1C88 July 1C& 1CCG

21B:aE Gen IrJ Khurshid Ali Khan July 1C& 1CCG No6em%er @& 1CCF 22B-t Gen IrJ Ari% @angash No6em%er 11& 1CCF $ugust 1E& 1CCC 2&B:iangul Aurang2eb $ugust 1E& 1CCC )"to%er 21& 1CCC 2,B-t Gen IrJ :oha$$ad #ha%iA )"to%er 21& 1CCC $ugust 1D& 2BBB 2.B-t Gen IrJ 5%ti'har 7ussain #hah $ugust 1D& 2BBB /ar", 1@& 2BB@ 23B)dr IP<J Khalilur 1eh$an /ar", 1@& 2BB@ /ay 2G& 2BBF 24B-t Gen IrJ Ali Dan >ra'2ai /ay 2G& 2BBF January E& 2BB8 26B>wais Ah$ed Ghani January E& 2BB8 Incumbent

-ist o% )hie% :inisters o% #indh

0-Ghulam $ussain $ida3at ?llah /0st time1 A!ril 23, 19$7 Mar*h 2$, 19$3 Muslim , o!l <s ,arty 2-Allah ;uB Soomro /0st time1 Mar*h 2$, 19$3 A!ril 13, 194+

Itt ha( ,arty $-Mir =an( h Ali Khan >al!ur A!ril 13, 194+ Mar*h 7, 1941 Muslim L agu 4-Allah =u? 4oomro 82n( tim 9 Mar*h 7, 1941 )*to' r 14, 1942 Itt ha( ,arty 5-1hulam Hussain Hi(ayat @llah 82n( tim 9 )*to' r 14, 1942 August 14, 1947 Muslim , o!l <s ,arty 0-Muhamma( Ayu' Khuhro 81st tim 9 August 10, 1947 A!ril 23, 1943 Muslim L agu 7-,ir Ilahi =u? May $, 1943 % 'ruary 4, 1949 Muslim L agu 3-Ausuf Haroon % 'ruary 13, 1949 May 7, 195+ Muslim L agu 9-6a"i %a"lullah @'ai(ullah May 3, 195+ Mar*h 24, 1951 Muslim L agu 1+-Muhamma( Ayu' Khuhro 82n( tim 9 Mar*h 25, 1951 # * m' r 29, 1951 Muslim L agu Governor's rule # * m' r 29, 1951

May 22, 195$ 11-,ir"a(a A'(ul 4attar May 22, 195$ &o. m' r 3, 1954 Muslim L agu 12-Muhamma( Ayu' Khuhro 8$r( tim 9 &o. m' r 9, 1954 )*to' r 1$, 1955 Muslim L agu Post abolished )*to' r 1$, 1955 Jun $+, 197+ ,art of - st ,akistan !ro.in* Martial law July 1, 197+ May 1, 1972 1$-Mumta" =hutto 81st tim 9 May 1, 1972 # * m' r 2+, 197$ ,akistan , o!l s ,arty 14-1hulam Mustafa Jatoi # * m' r 25, 197$ July 5, 1977 ,akistan , o!l s ,arty Martial law July 5, 1977 A!ril 0, 1935 15-1hous Ali 4hah A!ril 0, 1935 A!ril 0, 1933 ,akistan Muslim L agu 10-Akhtar Ali 1hulam 6a"i 81st tim 9 A!ril 11, 1933 Jun 24, 1933 Islami Jamhoori Itt ha(

Governor's rule Jun 24, 1933 August $1, 1933 17-Akhtar Ali 1hulam 6a"i 82n( tim B *ar tak r9 August $1, 1933 # * m' r 2, 1933 Islami Jamhoori Itt ha( 13-6aim Ali 4hah # * m' r 2, 1933 % 'ruary 25, 199+ ,akistan , o!l s ,arty 19-Afta' 4ha'an Mirani % 'ruary 25, 199+ August 0, 199+ ,akistan , o!l s ,arty 2+-Jam 4a(i5 Ali 8a*ting till &o. m' r 5, 199+9 August 0, 199+ Mar*h 5, 1992 In( ! n( nt 21-Mu"affar Hussain 4hah Mar*h 0, 1992 July 19, 199$ Islami Jamhoori Itt ha( 22-4y ( Ali Ma(a( 4hah 8*ar tak r9 July 19, 199$ )*to' r 21, 199$ 2$-4y ( A'(ullah 4hah )*to' r 21, 199$ &o. m' r 0, 1990 ,akistan , o!l s ,arty 24-Mumta" =hutto 82n( tim B *ar tak r9 &o. m' r 7, 1990 % 'ruary 22, 1997 4in(h &ational %ront

25-Lia5uat Ali Jatoi % 'ruary 22, 1997 )*to' r $+, 1993 ,akistan Muslim L agu 8&9 Governor's rule )*to' r $+, 1993 # * m' r 17, 2++2 20-Air Marshal A"im #au(!ota81o. rnor an( ;hi f Minist r of 4in(h9 )*to' r 25, 1999 May 24, 2+++ 27-Ali Mohamma( Mahar # * m' r 17, 2++2 Jun 9, 2++4 ,akistan Muslim L agu 869 23-Ar'a' 1hulam 2ahim Jun 9, 2++4 &o. m' r 19, 2++7 ,akistan Muslim L agu 869 29-A'(ul 6a(ir Hal !oto 8*ar tak r9 &o. m' r 19, 2++7 A!ril 0, 2++3 $+-6aim Ali 4hah 82n( tim 9 A!ril 0, 2++3 Incumbent ,akistan , o!l s ,arty

-ist o% Governors o% #indh

List of &overnors of 2in+h

4haikh 1CHC Hi(ayatullah August 14, 1947 )*to' r 4, 1943

4haikh #in Muhamma( )*to' r 7, 1943 &o. m' r 19, 1949 Mian Aminu((in &o. m' r 19, 1949 May 1, 195$ 1 org =a?an(all ;onstantin May 2, 195$ August 12, 195$ Ha'i' I'rahim 2ahimtoola August 12, 195$ Jun 2$, 1954 &a7a' Iftikhar Hussain Jun 24, 1954 )*to' r 14, 1955 Part o' (est Pa)istan *rovince )*to' r 14, 1955 July 1, 197+ Lt 1 n 2akhman 1ul July 1, 197+ # * m' r 2+, 1971 Mumta" =hutto # * m' r 22, 1971 A!ril 2+, 1972 Mir 2asool =u? >al!ur Jun 1, 1972 % 'ruary 14, 197$ = gum 2a<ana Lia5uat Ali Khan % 'ruary 15, 197$ % 'ruary 23, 1970 Al-Ha/ Muhamma( #ila7ar Khan/i Mar*h 1, 1970 July 5, 1977

A'(ul Ka(ir 4haikh July 0, 1977 4 !t m' r 17, 1973 Lt 1 n 4CMC A''asi 4 !t m' r 13, 1973 A!ril 0, 1934 Lt 1 n 829 Jahan #a( Khan A!ril 7, 1934 January 4, 1937 Ashraf -C >a'ani January 5, 1937 Jun 2$, 1933 1 n ral 829 2ahimu((in Khan Jun 24, 1933 4 !t m' r 12, 1933 6a( ru((in Ahm ( 4 !t m' r 12, 1933 A!ril 13, 1939 %akhru((in 1C :'rahim A!ril 19, 1939 August 0, 199+ Mahmou( Haroon 81st tim 9 August 0, 199+ July 13, 199$ Hakim 4ai( July 19, 199$ January 2$, 1994 Mahmou( Haroon 82n( tim 9 January 2$, 1994 May 21, 1995 Kamalu((in A"far May 22, 1995 Mar*h 10, 1997

Lt 1 n 829 Moinu((in Hai( r Mar*h 17, 1997 Jun 17, 1999 Mamnoon Hussain Jun 19, 1999 )*to' r 12, 1999 Air Marshal A"im #au(!ota )*to' r 25, 1999 May 24, 2+++ Muhamma( Mian 4oomro May 25, 2+++ # * m' r 20, 2++2 Ishrat-ul-I'a( Khan # * m' r 27, 2++2 Incumbent

Provinces
Provin!es

@alochistan
*stablished 1 July 1CEB Provincial )apital 5uetta -argest city 5uetta Area B Total GDE&1CB 'm2 01GD&B@B.8 s> mi1 Population 02BB@1

Total E&8BB&BBB Provincial Asse$bly seats F@ Districts GB Towns "nion )ouncils 8F

Khyber Pa'htun'hwa
*stablished July 1& 1CEB )apital -es,awar -argest city -es,awar Area Total ED&@21 'm2 028&EE2.E s> mi1 Population 02BB8 est.1 Total 2B&21@&BBB Asse$bly seats 12D Districts 2@ Towns/"nion )ouncils
C8F

&

PunEab
*stablished 1 July 1CEB )apital La,ore -argest city La,ore Area Total 2B@&GDD 'm2 0EC&28G.8 s> mi1 Population 02B1B1 Total 81&GGB&@G1 Asse$bly seats GE1 In"luding FF +or women and 8 +or minorities Districts GF Tehsils/Towns 12E 1ivers???Beas .a6i (utle9& C,ena% and J,elum ri6ers Indus

#indh
*stablished 1 July 1CEB )apital *ara",i -argest city

*ara",i Govern$ent Governor AreaB Total 1DB&C1D 'm2 0@D&DBE.2 s> mi1 Population 02BBC est.1I B Total G@&DEB&FD8 Asse$bly seats 1F8 Districts 2G Towns 11C "nion )ouncils 11B8

. 5sla$abad )apital Territory DistrictsBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB1 AreaIsA.'$JBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB893 PopulationBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB69.0999

3 /ederally Ad$inistered Tribal Areas I/ATAJ

DistrictsBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB4 tribal agencies and 3 frontier regions AreaIsA.'$JBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB240229 PopulationBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&01430999

4 A2ad Kash$ir DistrictsBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB19 AreaIsA.'$JBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB1&0284 PopulationBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB208420.99

6 GilgitB@altistan DistrictsBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB4 AreaIsA.'$JBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB420841 PopulationBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB106990999

#indh
(IN;# 1 @adin $rea (s.'m?F&E2F -opulation?1&1GF&BDD 2 Dadu $rea (s.'m?1C&BEB

-opulation?1&F88&811 G Ghot'i $rea (s.'m?F&B8G -opulation?CEB&@DC D 7yderabad $rea (s.'m?@&@1C -opulation?2&8C1&D88 @ Dacobabad $rea (s.'m?@&2E8 -opulation?1&D2@&@E2 F Da$shoro E Karachi $rea (s.'m?G&@2E -opulation?C&8@F&G18 8 Kash$ore $rea (s.'m?2&@C2 -opulation?FF2&DF2 C Khairpur $rea (s.'m?1@&C1B -opulation?1&@DF&@8E 1B -ar'ana $rea (s.'m?40,2& -opulation?1&C2E&BFF 11 :atiari $rea (s.'m?1&D1E -opulation?@1@&GG1

12 :irpur'has $rea (s.'m?2082. -opulation?1&@FC&BGB 1G <aushahro /iro2e $rea (s.'m?208,. -opulation?1&B8E&@E1 1D <awabshah $rea (s.'m?D&@B2 -opulation?1&BE1&@GG 1@ Qa$bar #hahdad'ot 1F #anghar $rea (s.'m?1B&E28 -opulation?1&D@G&B28 1E #hi'arpur $rea (s.'m?2&@12 -opulation?88B&DG8 18 #u''ur $rea (s.'m?@&1F@ -opulation?CB8&GEG 1C Tando Allahyar 2B Tando :uha$$ad Khan $rea (s.'m?1&EGG -opulation?DDE&21@ 21 Tharpar'ar

$rea (s.'m?1C&FG8 -opulation?C1D&2C1 22 $rea (s.'m?Thatta 1E&G@@ -opulation?1&11G&1CD 2G "$er'ot $rea (s.'m? -opulation?FFG&1BB

Khaber Pa'htun'ha
)haber *a+htu$+ha

1 $%%otta%ad $rea0s>.'m1?1&CFE -opulation?88B&FFF 2 Bannu $rea0s>.'m1?1&22E -opulation FE@&FFE G Battagram $rea0s>.'m1?1&GB1 -opulation GBE&2E8 D Buner

$rea0s>.'m1?1&8F@ -opulation @BF&BD8 @ C,arsadda $rea0s>.'m1?CCF -opulation 1&B22&GFD F C,itral $rea0s>.'m1?1D&8@B -opulation G18&F8C E ;era Ismail *,an $rea0s>.'m1?E&G2F 8@2&CC@ 8 #angu $rea0s>.'m1?1&BCE -opulation G1D&@2C C #aripur $rea0s>.'m1?1&E2@ -opulation FC2&228 1B *ara' $rea0s>.'m1?G&GE2 -opulation DGB&ECF 11 *o,at $rea0s>.'m1?2&@D@

-opulation @F2&FDD 12 *o,istan $rea0s>.'m1?E&DC2 -opulation DE2&@EB 1G La''i /arwat $rea0s>.'m1?G&1FD -opulation DCB&B2@ 1D Lower ;ir $rea0s>.'m1?1&@82 -opulation E1E&FDC 1@ /ala'and $rea0s>.'m1?C@2 -opulation D@2&2C1 1F /anse,ra $rea0s>.'m1?&D@EC -opulation 1&1@2&8GC 1E /ardan $rea0s>.'m1?1&FG2 -opulation 1&DFB&1BB 18 Nows,era $rea0s>.'m1?1&ED8 -opulation 8ED&GEG

1C -es,awar $rea0s>.'m1?1&2@E -opulation 2&B1C&118 2B (,angla $rea0s>.'m1?1&@8F -opulation DGD&@FG 21 (wa%i $rea0s>.'m1?1&@DG -opulation 1&B2F&8BD 22 (wat $rea0s>.'m1?@&GGE -opulation 1&2@E&FB2 2G Tan' $rea0s>.'m1?1&FEC -opulation 2G8&21F 2D 4pper ;ir $rea0s>.'m1?G&FCC -opulation @E@&8@8

GilgitB@altistan

Gilgit?Baltistan

1 Ghanche AreaIsA.'$JBB30,99 PopulationBB660&33 2 #'ardu AreaIsA.'$JBB1.0999 PopulationBB21,06,6 & Astore AreaIsA.'$JBB603.4 PopulationBB410333 , Dia$er AreaIsA.'$JBB1908&3 PopulationBB1&1082. . Ghi2er AreaIsA.'$JBB803&. PopulationBB1290216 3 Gilgit

AreaIsA.'$JBB230&99 PopulationBB2,&0&2, 4 7un2aB<agar

A2ad Kash$ir

1 :u2a%%arabad Area IsA.'$JB20,83 PopulationB31.0999 2 7attian Area IsA.'$JB6., PopulationB22.0999 & <eelu$ Area IsA.'$JB&0321 PopulationB1410999 , :irpur Area IsA.'$JB10919 PopulationB,180999 . @hi$ber

Area IsA.'$JB10.13 PopulationB,910999 3 Kotli Area IsA.'$JB10632 PopulationB4,30999 4 Poonch Area IsA.'$JB6.. PopulationB.2,0999 6 @agh Area IsA.'$JB10&36 PopulationB&.10999 8 7aveli Area IsA.'$JB.86 PopulationB1&60999 19 #udhnati Area IsA.'$JB.38 PopulationB2460999
@alochistan
*alo!$istan

1 $waran $rea0s>.'m1?2C&@1B -opulation?118&1EG 2 Bar',an $rea0s>.'m1?G&@1D -opulation?1BG&@D@ G Bolan $rea0s>.'m1?E&DCC -opulation?288&B@F D C,agai $rea0s>.'m1?@B&@D@ -opulation?2B2&@FD @ ;era Bugti $rea0s>.'m1?1B&1FB -opulation?181&G1B F Gwadar $rea0s>.'m1?12&FGE -opulation?18@&DC8 E #arnai

$rea0s>.'m1?D&BCF -opulation?1DB&BBB 8 Ja+ara%ad $rea0s>.'m1?2&DD@ -opulation?DG2&81E C J,al /agsi $rea0s>.'m1?G&F1@ -opulation?1BC&CD1 1B *alat $rea0s>.'m1?F&F22 -opulation?2GE&8GD 11 *e", 0Tur%at1 $rea0s>.'m1?22&@GC -opulation?D1G&2BD 12 *,aran $rea0s>.'m1?8C@8 -opulation?1&G2&@BB 1G *o,lu $rea0s>.'m1?E&F1B -opulation?CC&8DF

1D *,uzdar $rea0s>.'m1?G@&G8B -opulation?D1E&DFF 1@ *illa $%dulla, $rea0s>.'m1?G&2CG -opulation?GEB&2FC 1F *illa (ai+ulla, $rea0s>.'m1?F&8G1 -opulation?1CG&@@G 1E Las%ela $rea0s>.'m1?1@&1@G -opulation?G12&FC@ 18 Loralai $rea0s>.'m1?C&8GB -opulation?2C@&@@@ 1C /astung $rea0s>.'m1?@&8CF -opulation?1EC&E8D 2B /usa',el $rea0s>.'m1?@&E28

-opulation?1GD&B@F 21 Nasira%ad $rea0s>.'m1?G&G8E -opulation?2D@&8CD 22 Nus,'i 2G -an9gur $rea0s>.'m1?1F&8C1 -opulation?2GD&B@1 2D -is,in $rea0s>.'m1?E&81C -opulation?GFE&18G 2@ 5uetta $rea0s>.'m1?2&F@G -opulation?EDD&8B2 2F (,erani 2E (i%i $rea0s>.'m1?E&ECF -opulation?18B&GC8

28 7as,u' 2C 3,o% $rea0s>.'m1?2B&2CE -opulation?2E@&1D2 GB 3iarat $rea0s>.'m1?1&D8C -opulation?GG&GDB

/ederally Ad$inistered Tribal Areas
ederally $dministered Tri%al $reas

1 @aEaur AreaIsA.K$JB10289 PopulationB.8.0224 2 Khyber AreaIsA.K$JB20.43 PopulationB.,304&9 & Kurra$ AreaIsA.K$JB&0&69 PopulationB,,60&19

, :oh$and AreaIsA.K$JB20283 PopulationB&&,0,.& . <orth !a2iristan AreaIsA.K$JB,0494 PopulationB&3102,3 3 >ra'2ai AreaIsA.K$JB10.&6 PopulationB22.0,,1 4 #outh !a2iristan AreaIsA.K$JB30329 PopulationB,2806,1 6 @annu AreaIsA.K$JB4,. PopulationB180.8& 8 Dera 5s$ail Khan AreaIsA.K$JB20996 PopulationB&60889 19 Kohat

AreaIsA.K$JB,,3 PopulationB660,.3 11 -a''i :arwat AreaIsA.K$JB1&2 PopulationB30864 12 Peshawar AreaIsA.K$JB231 PopulationB.&06,1 1& Tan' AreaIsA.K$JB10221 PopulationB240213
PunEab

-un9a%
1 Attoc' $rea0(>.'m1?F&8@E -opulation?1&2ED&CG@ 2 @ahawalnagar $rea0(>.'m18&8E8 -opulation?2&BF1&DDE G @ahawalpur $rea0(>.'m12D&8GB

-opulation?2&DGG&BC1 D @ha''ar $rea0(>.'m18&1@G -opulation?1&B@1&D@F @ )ha'wal $rea0(>.'m1F&@2D -opulation?1&B8G&E2@ F )hiniot $rea0(>.'m1G@D2 -opulation?CF@&12D E Dera Gha2i Khan $rea0(>.'m111&C22 -opulation?1&FDG&118 8 /aisalabad $rea0(>.'m1@&8@F -opulation?@&D2C&@DE C GuEranwala $rea0(>.'m1G&F22 -opulation?G&DBB&CDB 1B GuErat $rea0(>.'m1G&1C2 -opulation?2&BD8&BB8 11 7a%i2abad $rea0(>.'m12&GFE -opulation?8G2&C8B 12 Dhang $rea0(>.'m18&8BC -opulation?2&8GD&@D@ 1G

Dhelu$ $rea0(>.'m1G&@8E -opulation?CGF&C@E 1D Kasur $rea0(>.'m1G&CC@ -opulation?2&GE@&8E@ 1@ Khanewal $rea0(>.'m1D&GDC -opulation?2&BF8&DCB 1F Khushab $rea0(>.'m1F&@11 -opulation?CB@&E11 1E -ahore $rea0(>.'m11&EE2 -opulation?F&G18&ED@ 18 -ayyah $rea0(>.'m1F&2C1 -opulation?1&12B&C@1 1C -odhran $rea0(>.'m12&EE8 -opulation?1&1E1&8BB 2B :andi @ahauddin $rea0(>.'m12&FEG -opulation?1&1FB&@@2 21 :ianwali $rea0(>.'m1@&8DB -opulation?1&B@F&F2B 22 :ultan

$rea0(>.'m1G&E2B -opulation?G&11F&8@1 2G :u2a%%argarh $rea0(>.'m18&2DC -opulation?2&FG@&CBG 2D <arowal $rea0(>.'m12&GGE -opulation?1&2F@&BCE 2@ <an'ana #ahib $rea0(>.'m12&CFB -opulation?1&D1B&BBB 2F >'ara $rea0(>.'m1D&GEE -opulation?2&2G2&CC2 2E Pa'pattan $rea0(>.'m12&E2D -opulation?1&28F&F8B 28 1ahi$ =ar Khan $rea0(>.'m111&88B -opulation?G&1D1&B@G 2C 1aEanpur $rea0(>.'m112&G1C -opulation?1&1BG&F18 GB 1awalpindi $rea0(>.'m1@&28F -opulation?G&GFG&C11 G1 #ahiwal $rea0(>.'m1G&2B1

-opulation?1&8DG&1CD G2 #argodha $rea?@&8@D -opulation?2&FF@&CEC GG #hei'hupura $rea?@&CFB -opulation?G&G21&B2C GD #ial'ot $rea0(>.'m1?G&B1F -opulation?2&E2G&D81 G@ Toba Te' #ingh $rea0(>.'m1?G&2@2 -opulation?1&F21&@CG GF Fehari $rea0(>.'m1?D&GFD -opulation?2&BCB&D1F

Pre Partition

P1*BPA1T5T5><
Q !ho a$ongst the %ollowing were the %irst to invade 5ndia Arabs Q 1eal na$e o% :ohd; bin Qasi$ was A$adudin :oha$$ad IPillar o% DeenJ. Q :ohd; @in Qasi$ was nephew and sonBinBlaw o% 7aEEaE bin =ousu% the Governor o% 5raA I>$ayad PeriodJ. 7e ca$e to #indh with 12 thousand $en. Q :ohd; bin Qasi$ conAuered #indh during "$$ayads. Q #is'ar was !a2iir o% Dahir. Q :ohd; bin Qasi$ tortured to death in 5raA by #ulai$an. Q The Abbasid governor 7isha$ ca$e to #indh in 4.4 A.D. Q #habudding Ghori was the %ounder o% 5sla$ic #tate in 5ndia. Q Qutubudin Aib' was the %ounder o% slave dynasty a%ter Ghoris. Q Ghiyasuddin TughluA was the %irst sultan o% TughluA dynasty. Q Aurang2eb rei$posed (Da2iya+ Q 5bn @atutah visited 5ndia in reign o% :uha$$adBbin TughluA

Q @abur used artillery in war%are. Q *$peror #hahEahanR Khurra$ #hihabBudBdin Q A'bar prohibited the practice o% #ati Q 7a2rat <i2a$uddin Auliya+s Dargah is located at Delhi. Q @aba /arid Gang #ha'ar was the %irst PunEabi poet. Q !aris shah is called the (#ha'espeare o% PunEabi literature+. Q To$b na$ed KhawaEa :oin ud Din )histi is in AE$er. Q 7a2rat @ullay #hah was a %a$ous #u%i poet o% PunEabi language. 7is to$b is in the city o% Kasur. Q Thatta was the capital city o% #indh during Argons and Tur'ans Q :ohd; bin TughlaA introduced to'ens currency %irstly. Q A'bar the Great was born in "$ar Kot. Q #hala$ar @agh was built by #hah Dahan I#hahabuddin :ohd; #hah DahanJ Ialso called #hah2ada Khura$J Q Dahan Ara begu$ was the daughter o% #hah Dahan Q :eh$ood set out on #o$nath on14 >ct; 192, A.D. Q 1st battle o% Tarrin was %ought b/w :ohd; Ghouri S 1aEput I1181J0 Ghori was de%eated. 5n 1182 A.D0 the 2nd battle o% Tarrin0 Ghori wins. Q Ah$ed #hah Abdali was the King o% Kabul. Q Ah$ed #hah Abdali de%eated :arhatas in 1431. Q Pan 5sla$is$ introduced by Da$aludding A%ghani. Q <adir #hah o% 5ran invaded Delhi during the period o% :ohd; #hah 1angila IThe :oughal *$perorJ. Q >riginal na$e o% Tippu #ultan was <awab /ateh Ali. Q ,th :ay 1488 was the day o% #hahadat o% Tippu #ultan. Q The original na$e o% #ultan #iraE Doullah Ithe <awab o% @engalJ was :ir2a :ohd; Q @attle o% Plassey was %ought in 14.4 b/w )live and #iraEBudBDaula which established @ritish rule in @engal. Q #indh was anne?ed by @irtish in 16,4 and was separated %ro$ @o$bay in 18&. vide 5ndia Act 18&.. Q /irst war o% %reedo$ was %ought in 14.4 b/w #iraEu Doullah and 1ober )live. Q #h. Ah$ed #irhandi is 'nown as :aEaddid Al% #ani. Q #hei'h Ah$ad #irhandi was born in 1.3,. Q :aus$ Khan0 soldier o% Titu :ir was sentenced to death. Q 7aEatullah alB@alaghah written by #hah !aliullah. Q #hah waliullah born in 149&. #hah !aliullah died in 143&. Q #hah Ala$ 55 was an ally o% :ir Qasi$ in the @attle o% @u?ar. Q During Dehangir+s reign #ir Tho$as 1oe and )aptain 7aw'ins visited :oghul court to secure co$$ercial privileges. Q 1eal na$e o% #hah !aliullah was Ah$ed and his historical na$e was A2i$uddin. Q 7aEi #hareetullah o% @engal was the %ounder o% /ara2i Tehri2 in 1692. /ara2i Tehri2 $eant to pay $ore attention on %unda$ental o% 5sla$. Q #yed Ah$ed o% 1ai @relli I>udhJ was the %ounde o% Dehad Tehri' against #i'hs. 7e was $artyred at @ala'ot I<!/J in 16&1. Q @attle o% @u?ar was %ought in 143,. Q 7aEi #hariat "llah was born in 1461

Q The $ain ai$ o% @rah$a #a$aE was 1e%or$ in 7induis$. Q 1aEa 1a$ :ohan 1oy %ounded @rah$a #a$aE. Q AniB :usli$ Arya #a$aE I1644J was %ounded by Dayanand #irasoti. Arya #a$aE was %ounded in 164. Ich'J Q 5n 169.0 @ritish $ade #ri -an'a a colony. Q @ritish anne?ed <!/P in 16,8. Q !ardha sche$e written by Ga'ir 7ussain. Q #ati was abolished by -ord !illia$ @antin'. Q /irst census in 5ndia $ade during the period o% -ord :ayo. Q :oenBEoBDAro S 7erapa discovered in 1822. Q #ir Dohn :arshal ordered digging o% :oen Eo Daro in 1822. Q *ast 5ndia )o$pany was %or$ed in 1399 in -ondon. Q 5n 5ndia /rench *ast 5ndia co$pany was established in 133,. Q 1aish$i 1o$al ca$paign started by "baidullah #indhi be%ore war o% 5ndependence. Q !ar o% 5ndependence started on 4th :ay0 16.4 %ro$ Delhi. Q -ord )anning was the Governor General o% 5ndia during #epoy :utiny. Q 5n 5ndia the %irst gate o% enterance o% *uropeans was @engal. Q At :eerath %irstly the war o% independence was %ought. Q !ar o% independence started on 8th :ay0 16.4. Q The %irst Ficeroy o% the subcontinent was -ord )anning. Q Queen+s Procla$ation was $ade in 16.6. Q 5ndian <ational )ongress $ade by Allan >. 7u$e in 166.. Q /irst president o% )ongress was !.). @enerEee. Q 42 $e$bers attended the %irst $eeting o% )ongress at @o$bay out o% the$ only 2 were :usli$s. Q !arren 7astings was the %irst Governor General o% @engal. Q 7indiB"rdu controversy started in 1634. Q :ohsinBulB:ul' %ounded "rdu De%ence Association. Q #yed Ah$ed Khan born on 14th >ct; 1614 in Delhi S died :arch 2,1686 at Ali Gargh. Q #ir #yed is buried in Ali Garh :usli$ "niversity. Q Tah2ibul 5'helaAue was published in 1649. I1634 ch'J Q AsrarBusB#anadeed was co$piled by #ir #yed Ah$ed Khan. Q #ir #yed wrote -oyal :oha$$andan+s o% 5ndia S )auses o% 5ndian 1evolt. Q 7ayateBeBDaved is written by :aulana 7ali about #ir #yed. Q 5n 5ndai *nglish education was %irst initiated in @engal in 16&.. Q #hah !aliullah was born in Delhi. Q :adressah 1ahi$iya was established by #hah Abdul 1ahi$. Q #cienti%ic society was established in 163&. Q Albert @ill was presented in 166& Q <!/P was separated %ro$ PunEab by the @ritish in 18910 -ord )ur2on was then the viceroy and GG o% @ritish 5ndia. Q :oha$$adan *ducational )on%erence was %or$ed on 24 Dec; 1663 by #ir #yed. Q :uha$$adan -iteracy #ociety o% )alcutta %ounded in 1639. Q N5ndian Patriotic AssociationO was %ounded in 1631. Q <idwatul "le$a I166,J was %ounded by :olvi Abdul Gha%oor Qasi$ <ativi. <advatBulB "le$a was %ounded in 168, and :aulvi Abdul Gha%oor was its %ounder.Ich'J

Q DarulBul Deoband I1634J was %ounded by :ohd; Qasi$ <anavatavi. Q :A> )ollege %ounded on Dan; 60 1644 and inaugurated by Governor General -ord -yton. Q Present #indhi alphabets $ade by #ir @arter /rere in 166&. Q AnEu$anBeBhi$ayatB5sla$ was %ounded in 166,. Q #indh :adrasa built by 7assan Ali A%andi on 1st #ep; 166.. Q DD IDiwan Dayara$ Deth$alJ #cience )ollege was opened by Governor o% @o$bay -ord 1eay on 14th Dan; 1664. Q 5sla$ia 7igh #chool Peshawar was %ounded in 1689. Q :usli$ Aligargh "niversity was established in 1829. Q Treaty o% A$ritsar too' place in 1643. Q Kash$ir was sold to Gulab #ingh in 16,.. Q <!/P was given status o% province in 1891. Q #ha'espeare Inot !illia$ #ha'espeareJ was the governor o% @anarus. Q :oha$$adan Political Association was %or$ed in 189&. Q Partition o% @engal announced on 1st #ept; 189. S i$ple$ented on 13 >ct; 189. by -ord )ur2on. Q Partition o% @engal annulled; 19th Dec; 1811 by -ord 7ardinge. Q #wadeshi $ove$ent was started against Partition o% @engal. Q @engal divided in *ast @engal I:usli$ @engalJ S !est @engal I7indu @engalJ in Duly 189. by -ord )ur2on. )apital o% :usli$ @engal was Dacca and that o% 7indu @engal was )alcutta. Q The partition o% @engal was annulled on 12th Dec; 1811 by King GeorgeBF and Queen :arry. Q The president o% #i$la Deputation I1st >ct; 1893J was Agha Khan 555 and secretary was :ohsanul :ul'. Q :usli$ -eague %ounded on &9 Dec; 1893 at Decca. Q :- was %or$ed in the annual session o% :usli$ *ducational )on%erence in Decca with the proposal o% <awab #ali$ullah. Q The 7Q o% :- was established at -uc'nnow. Q 5nitial $e$bership o% :- was ,99. Q :ohd; Ali Dohr wrote the constitution o% :-; The Green @oo'. Q 5nagural session o% :- was presided by <awab #a$iullah. Q 5nagural address was delivered by <awab Fi'arul :ul'. Q /irst session o% :- was held on &9th Dec; 1894 at Karachi. Q /irst session o% :- held in Karachi &1st Dec; 1894 was presided over by Ada$Eee Pri @hai o% @o$bay. Q The original na$e o% :ohsanuBulB:ul' was :ehdi Ali Khan. Q >riginal na$e o% !aAaul :ul' was :olvi :ohd; #hah. Q 1st President o% :- was Agha Khan 555. Iupto 181&J. Q #ir Agha Khan re$ained per$anent president o% :- till 181&. Q /irst F) o% Aligarh "niversity was Agha Khan &. Q Agha Khan 555 was born in Karachi and was buried in *gypt. Q 1eal na$e o% Agha Khan 555 was #ultan :ohd; #hah. Q /irst secretary general o% :- was 7ussain @ilgra$i. Q 2nd President o% :- was #ir Ali :ohd; Khan when Agha Khan 555 resigned in 181&.

Q #ir :oha$$ad #ha%i' was the second general secretary o% :usli$ -eague. Q #yyed A$ir Ali established :- -ondon in 1896. Q Quaid attended 1st ti$e :usli$ -eague session in 1812. Ich'J Q Quaid resigned %ro$ 5$erial -egislative )ouncil as a protest against 1owlatt Act in 1818. Q Quaid beca$e :- president 1818B182, Ich' itJ. Q Quaid Eoined :- 19 >ct 181&. Q #yed A$ir Ali resigned %ro$ :- in 181&. Q Quaid resigned %ro$ )ongress and 7o$e 1ule -eague in Dec; 1829 I<agpur #essionJ beca$e :- president in 1813. Ich' itJ Q Quaid held Eoint $e$bership o% :- S )ongress %or 4 years i.e %ro$ 181&B1829 Q 7e presided the :- -uc'now session o% 1813 and Delhi session o% 182,0 beca$e per$anent president o% :- in 18&,. Q -ord :into ca$e to 5ndia as viceroy in 181.. Q :into :orley re%or$s 1898; introduced separate electorates. Q :into :orley re%or$s; :into was 5ndian Ficeroy and :orley was state secretary %or 5ndia. Q :ontague )he$s%ord 1e%or$s ca$e in 1818. Q :- de$anded principle o% sel% rule %or 5ndia in 181&. Q Kanpur $osAue incident too' place in 181&. Q Dillanwalla @agh is in A$ritsar. 5t was place where a nu$ber o% 5ndian 'illed by the *nglish on 1&th April0 1818. Q General Dair was the ar$y co$$ander o% A$ritsar during Dullianwala bagh slaughter I1818J. Q -uc'now Pact ca$e in <ov; 1813. Q 7o$e 1ule :ove$ent was %ounded by :rs. Annie @asent an *nglish Parsi lady in 1813 a%ter -uc'new pact. Q 1owalt Act was passed in 1818. Q Khila%at :ove$ent started in 1818 and ended in :arch 1821. Q All 5ndai Khila%at co$$ittee was %ounded in @o$bay on .th Duley 1818 and #eth )huttani beca$e its %irst president. Q /irst $eeting o% All 5ndai Khila%at :ove$ent was held on 2&rd <ov; 1818 and was presided over by :olvi /a2al 7aA o% @engl. 5ts headAuarter was at @o$bay. Q Khila%at day was observed on 24th >ctober0 1818. Q 5ndian Khila%at Delegation $et with -loyd George. Q :opala uuprising in :alabar 1821. Q )hauri )huara incident too'place in 1822. Q <onBcooperation $ove$ent was called o%% by Gandhi because o% )hauriB)haura incident 1822. Q #huddi and #angathan $ove$ent was started at the end o% Tahree' Khila%at. Q #angathan $ove$ent was started by Pandit :alavia. Q Treaty o% -ausanne was signed in 182&. Q :usta%a Ka$al; %irst president o% Tur'ey on 2&rd >ct; 182&. Q Atta Tur' $eans the %ather o% Tur's. Q Khila%at was abolished in 182,. Q -ast caliph o% Tur'ish #tate was Abdul :aEeed A%andi. Q 7iErat :ove$ent too' place in 182,

Q 1eshi$i 1oo$al $ove$ent o% 181. started by :aulana :eh$oodBulB7assan. Q -ord 1ippon is associated with the 7unter )o$$ission. Q -ord Dalhousie is associated with !ood+s Dispatch. Q -ord )ornwalls is associated with per$anent settle$ent o% @engal. Q Delhi proposals presented by QuaidBeBA2a$ in :arch 1824. Q <ehru 1eport was produced by :otilal <ehru in 1826. Q #hoaib Qureshi was one $usli$ $e$ber who too' part in writing the <ehru 1eport. Q 1, Points ca$e in :arch 1828 %ro$ Delhi. Q #i$on )o$$ission visited 5ndia in 1826 and consisted o% 4 $e$bers. Q @ritish cabinet $inister )ripps ca$e to 5ndia in :arch 18,2. Q )ivil Disobedience :ove$ent started by Gandhi on 12th :arch0 18&9. Q #i$on )o$$ission sub$itted its report in 18&9. Q 5st #ession o% 1ound Table )on%erence %ro$ 12<ov18&9 to 18Dan18&1. I:ohd; Ali Dohar participated in it0 )ongress was absent.J Q )ongress absent in 1st 1T)0 leaders were in Eail due to civil disobedience. Q -eader in the 1st 1T) was Agha Khan 555. Q Quaid attended 1T) 10 not attended 1T) 2S&. A%ter 1T) 10 he renounced politics and persued lawyership. Q The P: o% *ngland during 1st 1oundtable was 1a$shy :acdonald. Q 2nd #ession o% 1T) %ro$ 4#ep18&1 to &1st#ep18&1. Gandhi represented )ongress. Q GandhiB5rwin pact was $ade on :arch .0 18&1. Q &rd #ession o% 1T) %ro$ 14<ov;18&2 to 2,Dec; 18&2. Q @ritish opposition did not participate in 1T) 555. Q )o$$unal award published in 18&2. Q !hite Paper o% 1T) published in :archi 18&&. Q @egu$ #hahnawa2 attended one 1T). Q :ohd; Ali Dohar #tarted )o$rade S 7a$dard I1812J %ro$ )alcutta. Q <a$e o% @iBA$an was Abidi @egu$. Ich' a%ridi begu$J Q :ohd; Ali Dohar borin in1646 at 1a$pur and died at the age o% ., on ,ht Dan; 18&1 at -ondon and was buried in @aitBulB:u'adas IDerusale$J. Q !i%e o% :ohd; Ali Dohar was A$Eadi @egu$. Q :oulana #hou'at Ali0 the elder brother o% :ohd; Ali was born in 1642 and died on 26th <ov; 18&6 and buried at Da$ia :osAue Delhi. Q Ga$idar I189&J started by Ga%ar Ali Khan %ro$ -ahore. Q Daily Dawn I18,2J by Quaid. Q Daily Dang I18,9J by :ir Khalilur 1eh$an. Q Daily alB7alal by Abdeul Kala$. Q )h; 1eh$at Ali is associated with Delhi Darbar. Q 5< 18960 5Abal was awarded Ph.D %ro$ :unich "niversity %or Persian Philosophy. Q Alla$a 5Abal born on 8th <ov; 1644 at #ial'ot and died on 21st April0 18&6 Q Alla$a 5Abal was tutored by :oulvi #yed :ir 7assan. Q 5Abal was elected as a $e$ber o% PunEab -egislative Asse$bly in 1823 and chosen president o% :- in 18&9. Q Dinnah $eans -ion. Q Dinnah $eans Thiner. 7e was . %eet0 11 M inches in height. Q Quaid got education o% law %ro$ -incolin+s 5nn.

Q NQuaidO used by :olvi :a2harul 7aA in newspaper AlBA$an. Q !i%e o% Quaid was 1atan @ai. Q Quid+s %ather was Dinnah PoonEa. Q Dinnah PoonEa was born in 16.9 and $arried with :ithi @ai. Q PoonEa was grand %ather o% Quaid. Q Dinnah Eoined )ongress in 1893S in 181& :- in -ondon. Q Quaid born on 2.th Dec; 1643 and died on 11 #ep; 18,6. Q Dinnah Eoined :- on the insistence o% :ohd; Ali Dohar and #yed !a2ir 7assan. Q Dinnah got ad$ission in at Go'al Das Teg pri$ary school @o$bay at the age o% 19 he studied %or . M $onths. Q Dinnah went to -ondon and got law degree at the age o% 16 %or$ -5<)><5<<. Q #ir Dinsha was the %ather o% 1atna Ithe wi%e o% DinnahJ. Q 1atna e$brassed 5sla$ on 16th April 1816 and $arried Dinnah on 18th April 1816. be%ore that she was Parsi. #he died on 29th /eb; 1828 and was buried in Ara$ @agh @o$bay. Q Dinna0 the daughter o% Dinnah was born on 1,th August0 1818. Q Dinna $arried a Parsi boy na$ed <avel !adya. Q Dinnah le%t the lawyership a%ter 2&rd :arch0 18,9 nd returned to 5ndia in April 18&,. Q Pa'istan national $ove$ent was %ounded by )h; 1ah$at Ali. Q -ilaAuat Ali Khan Doined :usli$ -eague in 182,. Q #indh separated %ro$ @o$bay in 18&.. Q The syste$ o% Dyarchy ITwo authoritiesJ was in operation %ro$ 1821B18&4. Ich' itJ. Q Dyarchy introduced in 1818 re%or$s and re$oved in 18&. Act. Q Dyarchy was introduced as a constitutional re%or$ by *.#. :ontague and -ord )hel$s%ord. Q Dyarchy divided 5ndia into 6 $aEor provinces Ie?cluding @ur$a.J Q DinnahB1aEendra Prasal %or$ula ca$e in 18&.. Q Provincial elections held in 18&4. Q Pirpur 1eport about congress $inistries ca$e in 18&6. Q #haree% report about @ihar ca$e in 18&8. Q :usli$s observed NDay o% DeliveranceO on 22nd Dec; 18&8. Q A co$$ittee under the chair$anship o% 1aEa :ohd; :ehdi was appointed to inAuire into congress $inistries. Q August >%%er was o%%ered by Ficeroy -ord -linthgow in 18,9. Q )ripps visited 5ndia in 18,2. Q Quit 5ndia $ove$ent started in18,2. Q #i$la con%erence IDune0 18,.J was presented by -ord !avel. Q !avel plan was $ade in 18,.. Q 5n 18,.0 -abour Party ca$e to power. Q 5n 18,. elections :- won ,26 out o% ,82 seats. Q 5n 18,30 Quaid decided to Eoin 5nteri$ govt in 5ndia. Q 5n interi$ govt; :- got port%olis o% /inance S -iaAuat Ali was /inance :inister. Q D.<.:andal was the nonB:usli$ $e$ber who beca$e a $inister in interi$ govt; on :behal%. Q >n the arrival o% #i$on )o$$ission0 :- was divided in to :ohd; #ha%ee S Quaid groups.

Q "nionist+s :inistry was in PunEab. Q /ouinder o% "nionist Party in PunEab was #ir /a2le 7ussain. Q #ir #iney 1ollet was the president o% 1ollet )o$$ittee whose obEective was to chec' 7o$e 1ule :ove$ent. Q 1eal na$e o% Gandhi was :ohan Das Kara$ )hand Gandhi. Q @ur$a separated %ro$ 5ndia in 18&. and was $ade independent in 18,4. Q #indh assse$bley passed the resoluation %or the creation o% Pa'; %irstly on Dune 230 18,4. Q -ahore 1esolution was presented in 24th #ession o% :usli$ -eague at :onto Par' Inow 5Abal Par'J on 2&rd :arch0 18,9 by /a2alBalBQaA o% @engal. Quaid presided the session. Q The boo' (last do$inion+ was written by )arthill. Q NDivide and QuitO is wtitten by Penderel :oon. Q N:ission with :ountbattenO written by )a$pbell Dohnson. Q -iaAuat Desai pact was concluded in 18,3. Q )abinet $ission announced its plan on 13th :ay0 18,3. Q )abinet :ission consisted o% 6 $e$bers. Q :- accepted )abinet :ission but )ongress reEected it. Q :usli$ -eague observed direct action day on 13th August 18,3. Q >n 16th Duly0 18,40 @ritish parlia$ent passed 5ndian 5ndependence @ill. Q :P o% *ngland at the ti$e o% independence o% Pa'; was -ord )unet 5teley. Q 1edcli%%e Award announced on 1.th August 18,4. Q >n April0 18,40 All 5ndia #tate+s )on%erence was held in Gawalior. Q 5nAuilab Gindabad slogan was given by :oha$$d 5Abal.

Post Partition

P>#TBPA1T5T5><
Q <ational anthe$ o% Pa'; was played %or %irst ti$e on 1&th August0 18., in %ront o% 1a2a #hah Pahlavi o% 5ran. Q Plan o% division o% 5ndoBPa'; announced on &rd Dune0 18,4. Q Population o% Pa'; at it birth was &2 $illion. Q /irst head o% state to visit Pa'; in 18,4 was A$eer o% Kuwait. Q /irst president to visit was o% 5ndonesia. Q /irst opposition party o% Pa'; Dinnah Awa$i league it was %ounded by Abudl ha$eed @hashwani in 18.9. Q Area o% Pa'istan 4830983 sA; '$. Q <ational anthe$ written by 7a%i2 Dalundri in )harage #ahar in #in% o% :a'h$as. Q :usic co$posed by Ah$ed Ali )hagla. Q /lag o% Pa'istan designed by A$eeruding Qadwani. Q )h; KahliAu2a$an beca$e president o% :- a%ter Quaid. Q Ayub 'han laid down %oundation stone o% Quaid+s :osule$. Q !hich airline helped $ove$ent o% &.999 people %ro$ Pa'istan to 5ndia between >ct. 29 to <ov. &90 18,4 IThe sa$e airline also $oved 4999 :usli$ Govt. o%%icials and the %a$ilies %ro$ Delhi to Pa'istanJ. @ritish >verseas Airways )orporation

Q Pa'istanCs share 499 $illion was actually paid. Q "nani$ously elected Quaid as President o% the Pa'istanCs %irst )onstituent Asse$bly on Aug. 110 18,4 Q 24th August0 18,4; Pa'istan ad$itted as :e$ber o% the /ood and Agriculture >rgani2ation o% "< Q ".#. e$bassy in Karachi was established August 1.0 18,4 Q The %irst "# a$bassador to Pa'istan0 Paul 7. Alling0 was appointed on #epte$ber 290 18,4. Q !ho was the @ritish Pri$e :inister at the ti$e o% the partition o% 5ndia Attlee Q !hen was it announced by that Dune 18,6 had been deter$ined as the date o% withdrawal o% @ritish power %ro$ 5ndia /eb. 290 18,4 Q #ecretary o% #tate %or 5ndia in 18,4; -ord -istowel Q Ficeroy o% 5ndia %ro$ 18,& to 18,4; -ord !avell Q :ountbatten arrive in Delhi; :arch 220 18,4 Q Dinnah $eet -ord :ountbatten %irst ti$e; April .0 18,4 Q !hen did -ord :ountbatten announced the partition plan Dune &0 18,4 Q :ountbatten address the )onstituent Asse$bly o% Pa'istan 1,th August0 18,4 Q 5ndian 5ndependence @ill $oved in the @ritish Parlia$ent Duly ,0 18,4 Q Ti$e o% creation o% Pa'istan12 a.$. at the night between 1,th and 1.th August0 18,4 Q !ho %irst ti$e announced in *nglish LThis is Pa'istan @roadcasting #erviceL at the ti$e o% creation o% Pa'istan :r. Gahoor A2ar Q !ho %irst ti$e announced in "rdu LThis is Pa'istan @roadcasting #erviceL at the ti$e o% creation o% Pa'istan Ghula$ :usta%a 7a$dani Q *gypt announced its recognition o% Pa'istan 13th August0 18,4 Q Pa'istan applied %or $e$bership o% "<>; 13th August0 18,4 Q !hat is the esti$ated nu$ber o% people who $igrated on partition o% 5ndia in 18,4 60.990999 Idubbed as Llargest $igration in historyL by 5n%or$ation o%%ice DelhiJ Q !hen did the Pa'istan Asse$bly pass the resolution %or changing the na$e o% !est PunEab to PunEab 94B91B18,6 Q !hen was it announced that Dinnah would be the Governor General o% Pa'istan Duly 190 18,4 Q The last Governor o% the undivided PunEab #ir *van Den'ins Q !hat does 1## stand %or 1ashtriya #waya$ #ewa' #angh Q !ho was the /inance :inister in the %irst cabinet o% the Do$inion o% Pa'istan Ghula$ :uha$$ad Q !hen did -iaAuat Ali Khan $ove in the )onstituent Asse$bly that the title o% LQuaidBeB A2a$L be used %or Dinnah in o%%icial correspondence Aug. 120 18,4 Q !hen was DinnahCs na$e was read in Khutaba at the Pa'istan colony $osAue by the #indh *ducation :inister Pir 5llahi @u'hsh Aug. 220 18,4 Q when was it announced that Dinnah would act as -egal Guide to the Asse$bly in dra%ting the )onstitution Aug. 2&0 18,4 Q !hen was the announce$ent $ade %ro$ Delhi %or setting up a )onstituent Asse$bly %or Pa'istan Duly 230 18,4 Q !hen did Dinnah reach Karachi to ta'e part in the %irst $eeting o% the )onstituent Asse$bly Aug. 40 18,4 Q 48 $e$bers in the %irst )onstituent Asse$bly %or Pa'istan

Q !hen did QuaidBeBA2a$ :uha$$ad Ali Dinnah ta'e oath as the %irst Governor General o% Pa'istan Aug. 1.0 18,4 Q !ho ad$inistered the oath o% :.A. Dinnah )hie% Dustice o% -ahore 7igh )ourt0 Dustice Abdur 1asheed Q !ho ad$inistered the oath o% :r. -iaAuat Ali Khan as the %irst Pri$e :inister o% Pa'istan :uha$$ad Ali Dinnah Q !hat was the venue o% the oath ta'ing cere$ony o% QuaidBeBA2a$ and -iaAuat Ali Khan Karachi Q #ir /rancis :audi too' oath as /irst Governor o% !est PunEab Q !ho too' oath as the /irst Governor o% *ast @engal #ir /rederic' @ourne Q George )unningha$ too' oath as /irst Governor o% <.!./.P. Q #hei'h Ghula$ 7ussain oath as the /irst Governor o% #indh Q Geo%%rey Prior too' oath as )hie% )o$$issioner @aluchistan. Q -ast Governor o% the undivided PunEab #ir *ven Den'ins Q !ho too' oath as the )hie% :inister o% #indh :A Khuro Q 5%ti'har 7ussain :a$dot too' oath as chie% :inister o% !est PunEab Q !ho was the %irst )o$$anderBinB)hie% o% Pa'istan Ar$y General /ran' !alter :esservy0 1.B96B18,4 to 19B92B18,6 Q !ho was the /irst )o$$anderBinB)hie% o% Pa'istan <avy 1ear Ad$iral Da$es !il%red Q !ho was the /irst )o$$anderBinB)hie% o% Pa'istan Air /orce Air :arshal -. Parry )ane Q 7a%i2 Abdul :aEeed was appointed as )hie% #ecretary0 !est PunEab on 16th August0 18,4. Q /riday was declared as hal% wor'ing day; 22nd August0 18,4 Q 5ran S Pa'istan established diplo$atic relations; 22nd August0 18,4 Q !hen was the Governor George )unningha$ directed by the Govern$ent o% Pa'istan to dis$iss the <!/P )ongress :inistry headed by Khan #ahib 22nd August0 18,4 Q !ho was invited to %or$ the <!/P Govern$ent a%ter dis$issal o% the )ongress :inistry headed by Khan #ahib <!/P :usli$ -eague head0 Khan Abdul Qaiyu$ Khan Q /irst Pa'istani docu$entary %il$ was shown in the cine$as in Karachi on &9B96B18,4. !hat was it about *vents %ro$ 2nd to 1.th August0 18,4 Q >n 2nd #epte$ber0 18,4 the %irst Pa'istani %il$ was released. !hat was its title LTeri =addL Q !hich actors played the lead roles in the %irst Pa'istani %il$ Asha @honslay and <asir Khan Q !ho was appointed as 7ead o% the Pa'istani delegation to the "< :rs.TasaddaA 7ussain on 1&th #epte$ber0 18,4 Q !ho was the %irst "# a$bassador to Pa'istan Paul 7. *aling Iassu$ed charge on 2&rd #epte$ber0 18,4J Q !hich country sent ,4.9 tons rice %or $a'ing up shortage o% %ood in *ast @engal on #ept. 180 18,4 @ur$a Q !hen was Karachi lin'ed by air with all the provincial capitals 3th >ctober0 18,4 Q /ro$ which date Postage #ta$ps were $ade available in Post >%%ices 3th >ctober0 18,4 Q !ho was appointed as the /irst :usli$ Advocate General o% the !est PunEab #hei'h #habbir Q !hen was Pa'istan ad$itted as $e$ber o% the "nited <ations &9th #epte$ber0 18,4

Q !ho was the :inister %or /ood and Agriculture in the %irst )abinet o% Pa'istan 1aEa Gha2an%ar Ali Khan Q "rdu restarted its publications %ro$ Karachi on >ctober 1.0 18,4 as Pa'istanCs /irst <ational daily in "rdu Q !ho was appointed Pa'istanCs a$bassador to 5ran Qa2i 5ssa Q Pa'istanCs a$bassador to "#A A. 7. 5sphahani Q 5ndian Dy. Pri$e :inister in its very %irst cabinet a%ter partition #ardar Patel Q the #ecretary o% the 5ndian :inistry o% #tates F.P. :enon Q *lections to /irst )onstituent Asse$bly o% Pa'istan 18,3. Q Pa'istan+s constituent asse$bly $ade on Duly 29th0 18,4. Q 38 $e$bers in the %irst constituent asse$bly o% Pa'istan. Q 19 $e$bers were later added to the constituent asse$bly. Q QuaidBeBA2a$ addressed to the constituent asse$bly %or the %irst ti$e on 11th August0 18,4. Q Pa'istan+s %irst cabinet was sworn in 1.th August0 18,4. Q #ardar Abdur 1ab <ishtar held the port%olion o% )o$$unications in the %irst cabinet o% Pa'istan. Q @esides being P: o% Pa'istan0 -iaAuat Ali Khan held the port%olios o% De%ense and )o$$onwealth. Q /irst cabinet o% Pa'istan consisted o% 4 $e$bers including Pri$e :inister. Q @esides P:ship0 -iaAuat had port%olio o% De%ence and co$$on wealth. Q Quaid had port%olio o% #tate and /rontier region. Q Ga%arullah Khan had /oreign A%%airs. Q 5.5.)hundrigar had Trade0 5ndustry S Public !or's. Q :ali' Ghula$ :ohad; had /inance. Q 1aEa Gha2an%ar had /ood0 Agriculture and health. Q Abdul 1ab <ishtar had co$$unication. Q /a2al ur 1eh$an had 5nternal A%%airs0 5n%or$ation S *ducation. Q >bEective 1esolution was presented in the )onstituent Asse$bly on 4th :rach 18,8 by -iaAuat Ali. Q :ountbatten addressed the constituent asse$bly o% Pa'; on 1,th August0 18,4. Q )onstituent Asse$bly declared "rdu S @engali as o%%icial languages on &rd Dan; 18.,. Q >n 2,th >ctober0 18.,0 constituent asse$bly was dissolved by the governor general o% Pa'istan :r. Ghula$ :oha$$ad. Q Pa'istan beca$e $e$ber o% "<> on &9th #ep; 18,4and the $e$ber o% <A: in 1848. Q Pa'istan beca$e $e$ber o% !orld @an' in 18.9. Q -iaAuat visited 5ndia in April 18.9. Q 1e%erendu$ in <!/P held 3B14 Duly0 18,4. Q A2ad Kash$ir govt; was setup on 2, >ct; 18,4. Q @asic de$ocracy syste$ ca$e in :ay 18.8. Q 2nd )onstitution $ade by Ayub ca$e in :arch 10 1832. Q /irst $artyr o% Pa'; KhuwaEa :ohd; #hari% o% -udhiana Q )anal water Pact with 5ndiaR,th :ay0 18,6. Q The %irst governor o% @engal Province was #ir /redric' @oran0 second was :ali' /ero2 Khan <oon. Q /irst ): o% @engal Province was KhuwaEa <a2i$uddin0 the second ): was <oorBalB

A$in. Q "rdu $ade national language on 2.th /eb; 18,6 Ich' itJ Q The second constituent asse$bly consisted o% 69 $e$bers. Q !hen did Dinnah visit *ast Pa'istan as Governor General :arch0 18,6 Q !hen did the )onstituent Asse$bly o% Pa'istan adopted a resolution presented by the Govern$ent %or %or$ally proclai$ing Karachi as )apital o% the Do$inion o% Pa'istan :ay 18,6 Q /irst ).: o% #indh; :r. :uha$$ad Ayub Khuhro Q :uha$$ad Ayub Khuhro was dis$issed in April0 18,6 Q *. De F. :oss was appointed as )hie% Pa'istan 1e%ugee )o$$issioner Q The %irst )hie% :inister o% *ast @engal KhawaEah <a2i$uddin Q QuaidBeBA2a$ died on #ept. 110 18,6 due to )ardiac Arrest Q Dannah passed away at 42 at 19;29 p.$ in G.G 7ouse Karachi and buried on 12th #ep; 18,6 A.D. Q /uneral prayer o% Quaid; #habir Ah$ed "s$ani. Q ,9 days o% $ouring was announced on Quaid+s death. Q !ho was the successor o% QuaidBeBA2a$ as Governor General KhawaEah <a2i$uddin Q Dinnah had port%olio o% /rontier #tates and 1egions a%ter hi$ -iaAuat Ali Khan too' over this port%olio. Q >bEective 1esolution presented by -iaAuat Ali Khan 1&th :arch0 18,8 Q @asic Principles )o$$ittee set up by the )onstituent Asse$bly to %ra$e a dra%t )onstitution. Q @asic Principles )o$$ittee presented its report in #epte$ber0 18.9 Q Planning @oard turned into Planning )o$$ission;18.1 Q -andlordis$ abolished in *ast @engal; 18.9 Q -iaAuat Ali Khan visited "#A;18.1 Q -iaAuat Ali Khan spend in "#A; Three wee's Q Te title o% the published collection o% -iaAuatCs speeches $eant to introduce Pa'istan to the !est Pa'istan0 7eart o% Asia Q )onspiracy to overthrow -iaAuat Govern$ent co$e to light 1awal Pindi; :arch 18.1 Q -iaAuat Ali 'han was assassinated in 1awalpindi on 13th >ctober0 18.1. !as buried in Karachi near Quaid. Q -iaAuat ali Khan born in Kernal I*ast PunEabJ on 1st >ct; 168.. Q !ho replaced -iaAuat Ali Khan as Pri$e :inister KhawaEah <a2i$uddin Q !ho replaced <a2i$uddin as Governor General Ghula$ :uha$$ad Q Da$illa was the %irst :usli$ girl who hoisted :usli$ -eague %lag onteh PunEab #ecreterat0 -ahore I18,3J Q 1awalpindi beca$e the te$porary capital o% Pa'; in 1839. Q /irst co$$issioner o% #indh )harles <apier. Q #indh asse$bly proclai$ed #indhi as o%%icial language o% #indh in 1842. Q @aluchistan got status o% province on 1st Duly0 1849. Q Pa'; bought Gawader I18.6J S Diwani %ro$ >$an. Q Pa'; ca$e into being on 24 1a$2an0 1&33 A.7 Thursday. Q Pa'; standard ti$e was adopted on >ct;10 18.1. Q Population )ensusB18.10 31042061086. Q The only viceBpresident o% Pa'; <oorul A$in.

Q /ather+s na$e o% QuaidR Dinnah PoonEa Q /ather+s na$e o% 5AbalR#hai'h <oor :ohd; Q 24 >ct; 18,4 was observed N@lac' DayO as 5ndian %orces landed in A2ad Kash$ir. Q #hei'h Abdullah was called %ounder o% <ational )on%erence. Q 5ndian /orces occupied Kash$ir the state o% Da$$u and Kash$ir on >ctober 240 18,4. Q Distance o% Kash$ir %ro$ Pa'istan is 2.9 $iles. Q 7ari #ingh was the $aharaEa o% Kash$ir in 18,4. Q H o% :usli$ population in Kash$ir in 18,4 was 46H. Q "< co$$ission $e$bers %or 5ndia S Pa'; were & Ilater .J visited in Duly018,6. Q #ir >wen Di?on was "< 1epresentative %or de$ilitari2ation o% Kash$ir. Q <ational anthe$ o% Pa'istan was played %or the %irst ti$e on August 1&0 18.,. Q "rdu $ade <ational -anguage in April 18., it has &4 letters. Q @irth place o% Quaid !a2ir :ension. Q 7ouse o% Quaid :ohata Palace. Q Alla$a 5Abal+s to$b was built in 18.1. Q -iaAuat <ehru PactR April 18.1. Q 14th >ct; 18.1 -iaAuat shot dead in 1awalpindi by #yed A'bar. Q -iaAuat visited "#A in 18.1. Q Pa'istan issued it %irst coin on &rd Dan; 18,6. Q Quaid inaugurated #tate @an' on 1st Duly+18,6. Q <ational @an' o% Pa'istan %or$ed in 18,6. Q /irst postal sta$p issued in 18,6. Q Karachi radio station inaugurated by -iaAuat on 1,th August+18,6. Q Pa'istan recogni2ed )hina in 18,8. Q 5n 18,8 Duly0 Pa'; got #iachen under Karachi agree$ent. Q #iachen is located in @altistan. Q #iachen is world+s 2nd highest glacier. Q 22 points o% "le$a put on 2,th Dan; 18.1 by &1 "le$a. Q @@) started its %irst "rdu service on 1&th April0 18,8. Q 5n 18.90 5%ti'har 7ussain :a$dot %ounded Dinnah :usli$ -eague party. Q P5A %ounded; 18., started international service; 18.. to Dordan via )airo. Q Pa'istan got status o% Test cric'et in 18.2. Q #ui gas %ounded in 18.2. Q /irst %ive year plan launched in18... Q <ational Anthe$ %irst broadcasted on radio; 1& August0 18.,. Q Pa'istan signed )*<T> I@aghdad PactJ on 2&#ep; 18... Q !est Pa'istan declared None unitO in 18.. by :ohd; Ali @ogra. Q N>ne unitO repealed on 1st Dan; 1841. Q /irst acting Governor General o% Pa'; was :aEor General #i'andar :ir2a 14th August 18.. to 13th >ct; 18... Q President 5s'andar :ir2a visited A%ghanistan in 18.3. Q >ne unit bill passed during the period o% )haudhry :ohd; Ali 1,th oct; 18.. and cancelled on 2.th :arch 1838 by =ahya . Q During one unit %irst GG o% west Pa'; was <awab :ushtaAue Ah$ed Gor$ani and %irst ): was Dr. Khan #ahib 5n 18.3. Q Pa'istan beca$e 5sla$ic 1epublic on 2&rd :arch0 18.3.

Q 18.3 constitution was presented in asse$bly in /eb 280 18.3. Q :artial law was i$posed in -ahore in 18.&. Q )h; 1eh$at Ali is buried in )a$bridge I-ondonJ Q Pa'istan Eoined #*AT> in #ep; 18.,. Q 5n #ept; 18.6 Gawadar was bought by Khan o% Kalat at ,9 lacs pounds %ro$ >$an Q 1st :artial -awR 4 >ct; 18.6 Q 2nd :artial -awR23 :arch 1838 Q &rd :artial -awR4 Duly 1844 Q Ayub beca$e %irst elected president on 14 /eb; 1839. Q Ayub trans%erred capital %ro$ Karachi to 5sla$abad on 1st August 1839. Q 5ndus @asin Treaty signed under !orld @an' in #ep; 1839. Q Pa'istan $ade boundary agree$ent with 5ran on 21st :ay 1839. Q "2 incident happened in 1839. Q Ayub 'han appointed A$eer :uha$$ad Khan as Governor o% !est Pa'istan. Q Ayub visited "# S Queen *li2beth visited Pa'istan in 1831. Q Ayub Khan visited "##1 on &rd April0 183.0 "# in 1831. Q Television started on 23 <ov; 183,. Q Ga%arullah Khan served as president o% "< General Asse$bly+s 4th session in 1832. Q @oundary agree$ent with )hina was signed in 183&. Q Agree$ent with )anada on %irst nuclear power station in Karachi was signed in 183.. Q G.A @hutto served as /.: in Ayub Govt; Q )onvention -eague was %or$ed by Ayub. Q 183. war started %ro$ 3 to 22 #ept; 183.. Q De%ense day is celebrated in Pa'istan since 1833. Q :aEor A2i2 @hatti was $artyred in 183. war. Q Tash'ent Pact was signed by Ayub Khan S #hastri on & Dan;0 1833 I"##10 KosiEinJ Q /ati$a Dinnah died in 1834. #he was born on 1st August0 168&. Q Kash$ir valley is b/w @ig 7a$alia and -ittle 7a$lia. Q -ength o% 5ndus %ro$ 7a$alia to Arabian #ea is 1869 $iles. Q Ancient na$e o% 5ndia was Arya !arat. Q -/> was pro$ulgated on &9th :arch0 1849 by =ahya Khan. Q The post o% )BinB) was converted into the post o% )hie% o% #ta%% in 1849. Q 2nd war between 5ndia S Pa'istan; & to 14 Dec; 1841. Q -ast co$$ander o% Pa'; in *ast Pa'; Abdullah Khan <ai2i. Q P<#) established on 1st :arch 1848. Q PTF started its color trans$ission on Dece$ber 29th0 1843. Q Pa'istan signed PT@T in 1846. Q Post o% )o$$anderBinB)hie% changed to )hie% o% #ta%% in 1849. Q Post o% )hair$an Doint )hie%s o% #ta%% was created in 1843. Q *ast Pa'istan beca$e @angladesh on 13 Dec; 1841. Q #i$la Agree$ent signed b/w @hutto and 5ndra Gandhi on 2nd Duly+1842. Q <ationali2ation o% educational institutions S industries in 1842. Q <ationali2ation o% ban's $ade in 184,. Q Denationali2ation o% ban's $a'e on Dan;80 1881 I/irst :)@J. Q Pa'; @roadcasting )orporation established on Dec; 290 1842. Q The constitution o% 184& was en%orced on 1 :arch 184&.

Q P: under the 184& constitution is the head o% the cabinet. Q The %irst general elections under the 184& constitution were held in 1844. Q /irst biogas plant established in 184,. Q Ah$adis declared nonB:usli$s in 184,. Q )olour trans$ission started on 29th Dec; 1843. Q /irst electric train started in 1849. Q #teel :ill %ounded in 184& I"##1 aidedJ in @in Qasi$. Q Pa'istan recogni2ed @angladesh in 184,. Q Pa'istan Eoined >5) in 184,0 <A: in 18480 PT@T in 18460 #AA1) in 186.. Q 7udood ordinance en%orced on 19 /eb; 1848. Q Dr. Abdul #ala$ awarded <obel Pri2e in Physics in 1848. Q /ai2 Ah$ed /ai2 got -enin Pri2e. Q Gia successed e?BPresident /a2al *llahi )houdhri. Q 5n dec; 18610 Giaul 7aA announced :aElisBeB#hoora with &.9 $e$bers. Q Ga'at S "shr ordinance pro$ulgated in 1869. Q !a%aAui :ohtasib was created in 186&. Q 6th a$end$ent introduced in 186.. Q Gen.Gia li%ted :artial -aw on &9th Dece$ber0 186.. Q <uclear cooperation pact with )hina was $ade on 1.th #ep; 1863. Q >Eri ca$p tragedy occurred on 19 april 1866. Q The DuneEo govern$ent was dis$issed on 28th :ay0 1866. Q Gia died on 14 August0 1866. Q "# a$bassador who died with Gia was Arnold 1aphael. Q Ghula$ 5shaAue Khan beca$e president o% Pa'istan in 1866. Q Pa'istan+s reBentry in co$$on wealth in 1868. Q /irst test tube baby at -ahore in 1868. Q PTF2; 18820 PTF :orning; Dan 30 18660 PTF;#ep; 2999. Q Kargil )risis in 1888. Q :ushara% elected president I19thJ on 29 Dune0 2991. Q Durand -ine agree$ent b/w #ir :arti$ur Durand the /# o% @ritain and A$ir QAbur 1eh$an0 the A%ghan ruler <ove$ber 120 168& at Kabul I29.9 '$0 1&99 $ilesJ Q 7@/) was set up in <ov; 18.2. Q /irst satellite @adrB5 launched on 13 Duly0 1889. Q >n 26 :ay0 1886 %ive blasts $ade at )hagi0 the day is 'nown as =u$BeBTa'bir. Q >n 14 :ay0 1886 5ndia blasted in Po'hran I1aEistanJ. Q Pa'; entered nuclear club on 26 :ay0 1886. Q /irst ban' o% Pa'; R 7abib @an'. Q De%ece dayR3th #ep; Q De%ence day o% Pa'istan is celebrated on #ep; 3 since 1833 Q Air%orce dayR 4th #ep; Q <avy DayR6th #ep; Q Kash$ir DayR.th /eb; Q /riday was declared holiday in Dan; 1844. Q *@>D> pro$ulgated in 18.8. Q P1>DA ca$e in 18,8B18.,. Q !heat crisis occurred in 18.2.

Q <u$ber o% basic de$ocratc was 690999. Q Ghuauri is #ur%ace to #ur%ace $issile. Q An2a is #ur%ace to Air $issile. Q Age o% senator is &9. Q Age o% P: is &.. Q <u$ber o% tribal areas is 11. Q Pa'istan !ithdrew %ro$ #*AT> in 184&. Q Pa'istan le%t )*<T> in :arch 1848. Q <asir #habir was %irst Pa'istani to conAuer :ount *verest. Q )apital o% was shi%ted %ro$ Karachi to 5sla$abad on 1 August 1839. Q 5ndus @asin Treaty was concluded on 18th #ep 1839. Q KA<<"P was established in 1841. Q Tash'ent Declaration was signed on 19 Dan 1833. Q #audi King #hah /aisal visited Pa'istan in the year o% 1833 and 184,. Q Pa'istan was suspended %ro$ co$$onwealth on 16 >ct 1888. Q :r. Ghula$ :uha$$ad was %inance $inister be%ore beco$ing governor general o% Pa'istan. Q @adr 5 launched on 13th Duly 1889. Q /irst Agriculture "niversity was established in /aisalabasd. Q Pa'istan Eoined #*AT> in 18., but later withdrew %ro$ it in the year 184&. Q :oraEi Desai0 %or$er P: o% 5ndia was the only 5ndian leader awarded the highest award o% Pa'istan %or a civilian.J

/irst0 largest

/51#T 5< PAK5#TA<

Q 5ran was %irst to recogni2e Pa'istan. Q Pa'istan opened its %irst e$bassy in 5ran. Q *gypt was %irst to open its e$bassy in Pa'istan. Ich'J Q /irst governor o% #tate @an' Gahid 7ussain. Q /irst -ady governor 1ana -iaAuat Ali I#indhJ 184&B1843. Q /irst lady %ederal $inister Fi'arun <isa <oor ITouris$J. Q /irst state to Eoin Pa'istan was @ahawul Pur0 18.,. Q Pa'; cric'et tea$ %irst visited *ngland.Ich'; 5ndiaJ Q /irst captain o% cric'et tea$ Abdul 7a%ee2 Kardar. Q /irst century <a2ar :oha$$d against 5ndia in 18., in -ac'now. Q /irst !o$an "niversity is located in 1awalpindi. Q /irst governor o% PunEabR/rancis :oody. Q /irst ): o% PunEabR5%ti'har 7ussain :a$dot. Q /irst Governor o% #indhRGhula$ 7ussain 7idayatullah. Q /irst ): o% #indhRAyub Khoro. Q /irst Governor o% @aluchistanR-t; General 1ia2 7ussain. Q /irst ): o% @aluchistanRAttaullah :engal.

Q /irst )hie% Dustice o% Pa'; #ir Abdur 1asheed. Q /irst P: o% A2ad Kash$irRAbdul 7a$id Khan. Q /irst President o% ADKR#ardar 5brahi$ Khan. Q /irst )o$$anderBinB)hie% o% Pa'; Ar$y was /ran' :iservi. Q /irst chair$an Doint )hie%s o% #ta%% )o$$ittee was General :ohd; #ahri%. Q /irst chie% o% #ta%% o% ar$ed %orces was General Ti''a Khan. Q /irst governor #tate @an' was Gahid 7ussain. Q /irst daily newspaper is A$ro2 18,4. Q /irst lady pilot was #hu'riya Khanu$. Q /irst $useu$ o% Pa' established in Karachi in 18.9. Q /irst @an' was "nited @an' I4th August0 18,4J Q /irst Agriculture 1e%or$s in Pa'; Dan; 2,0 18.8. Q /irst )hie% *lection )o$$issioner o% Pa'; :r. Khan /.:.Khan I2.th :arch0 18.3J Q *lection )o$$ision was created on 2&rd :arch0 18.3 under Article 1&4 o% 18.3 consititution. Q /irst :usli$ )o$$ander in )hie% o% Pa'; Ayub Khan. Q /irst 1adio #tation established was o% Karachi. Q /irst T.F station was setup at -ahore on <ov; 230 183,. Q /irst lady -ady :aEor General in Pa'; Dr. #hahida :ali'. Q /irst #pace satellite was launched by Pa'; in 1889. Q /irst private TF )hannel #T< launched in 1889. Q /irst )hair$an #enate was 7abibullah Khan. Q /irst wo$an Eudge o% 7igh )ourt; :aEida 1i2vi. Q /irst constructed barrage o% Pa'; #u''ur @arrage. Q /irst #ecretary General o% Pa'; )h; :ohd; Ali. Q Agro $useu$ is at -ailpur. Q /irst bioBgas plant was installed in 184,. Q /irst wo$an ban' established on Dec; 10 1868. Q @adshahi $osAue built in 1349 A.D. Q Designataion o% GG changed into President on 2&rd :arch0 18.3. Q -argest 7oc'ey stadiu$ is <ational 7oc'ey #tadiu$ -ahore. Q /irst $inority $inister o% Pa'; Doginder <ath :andal held the port%olio o% law. Q /irst Ato$ic 1eactor established in 5sla$abad in 18.3. Ich'J. Q -argest railway tunnel is KhoEa'. Q #$allest da$ o% Pa'; !arsa' da$. Q -argest %ort o% Pa'; N1ani KotO. Q )ity @an' is the largest ban' in the country.Ich'; 7abib @an'J Q <ishanBeBPa'; is the highest civil award o% Pa'; Q #econd highest civil award is 7ilalBeBPa'; Q Ayub <ational Par' I1awalpinidiJ is the largest Par' in Pa'istan. Q -ahore :useu$ is the biggest in Pa'; Ich'J Q -argest 1ailway station is -ahore. Q 7ighest Pass is :u2tag Pass which connects Gilgit to Tin'iyang. Q -argest canal is -loyd @arrage )anal or #u''ur @arrage or -ance Down Pull built in 18&3. Q -argest )e$ent Plant is -uc'y )e$ent Plant near -u'i :arwat.

Q -argest road is #hahrahBeBPa'; Q #hortest river is 1avi. Q #$allest division is Karachi. Q -argest division is Kalat. Q -argest division o% #indh is Therpar'ar. Q 7abib @an' Pla2a Karachi has 2& stories I&,. %tJ Q :inarBeBPa'; is 183 %t0 6 inches high. Q Pa'istan has its longest boundary with A%ghanistan. Q Pa'istan is &,th largest country in the world0 3th population wise. Q #$allest civil award is Ta$gBeBKhid$at. Q /irst census o% 5ndoBPa'; 1661. Q 7ighest da$ is :angla da$. Q Pa'; e?pedition to Antarctica reached on . Dan0 1881 established Dinnah 1esearch #tation Q -ongest tenure as Governor General was Ghula$ :oha$$ad. Q -ongest tenure as President was Ayub Khan. Q -ongest period o% rule was o% Gia. Q -ongest tenure as P: was o% -iaAuat Ali Q #hortest tenure as P: o% Ayub Khan I& daysJ then #huEaat 7ussain I,4 daysJ. Q #hortest tenure as President is o% @hutto. Q #hortest tenure as Governor General is o% Quaid. Q -ongest tenure as Governor General is o% Ghula$ :ohd; Q -argest library is QuaidBeBA2a$ library. Q -argest "niversity is in PunEab. Q >ldest university is in PunEab. Q The only nonB$ilitary shaheed to receive <ishanBeB7aider was #ubaidar -ali' Dan he belonged to <-5. Q 7ighest pea' o% #ulai$an $ountains is Ta'htBeB#ulai$an. Q 7ighest pea' is K2 IGoodwin Austin .0311 $etersJ Q 2nd largest glacier o% Pa'; is @atura. Q -argest 5sland o% Pa'; is :anora. Q #$allest city is Dehlu$. Q -ongest tunnel railR KhoEa' I2.,& $ilesJ I@aluchistanJ0 roadR-owari Tunnel I. $ilesJ0 waterR!arsa' Da$ Tunnel I&.. $ilesJ. Q 1ainiest city is 1awalPindi. Q 1ainiest place is :uree. Q /irst :edical )ollege was <ishtar :edical )ollege. Q #$allest Da$ is !arsa' da$. Q -argest $ountain range is Kara'ora$. Q /irst to receive <ishanBeB7yder was :ohd; #arwar #haheed. Q /irst private airline o% Pa'istan is 7aEvari. Q Pa'+s #econd largest city is -ahore. Q Abdur 1asheed was the %irst chie% Dustice was the %irst chie% Eustice o% Pa'istan. Q Ga%arullah 'han was the %irst %oreign $inister o% Pa'istan. Q KeenEhar is the largest $an $ade la'e in Pa'istan. Q :anchar -a'e is the biggest la'e o% Pa'istan. Q Trich :ir is the highest pea' o% 7indu Kush.

Q -argest coal $ine is in Quetta. Q 5n Pa'istan0 %irst wo$an ban' was established in the year 1868. Q Pa'istan+s %irst geoBscienti%ic laboratory is %unctioning in 5sla$abad. Q The highest point o% the Khyber Pass is -andhi Kotal. Q The %irst ato$ic power station o% Pa'istan was installed in Karachi. Q The /irst President o% A$erica who $ade an o%%icial visit to Pa'istan was Dwight D. *ishenhower Q -argest airline is P5A. Q -argest airport is QuaidBeBA2a$ 5nternationl Airport0 Karachi. Q -argest canal is -loyd @arrage )anal. Q -argest da$ is Terbela. Q -argest desert is Thar. Q -argest district is Khu2dar I@aluchistanJ. Q -argest industial unit is Pa'; #teel :ill. Q -argest industry is Te?tile. Q -argest island is :anora IKarachiJ Q -argest Dungle is )hanga :anga IKasurJ. Q -argest la'e Iarti%icialJ is KeenEhar. Q -argest la'e InaturalJ is :anchar. Q -argest library is PuEab Public -ibrary0 -ahore. Q -argest $ine is #alt :ines o% Khewra. Q -argest $otorway is -ahoreB5sla$abad. Q -argest $useu$ is <ational :eseu$0 Karachi. Q -argest circulated urdu newspaper is Dang0 *nghish is The <ews. Q -argest nuclear reactor is KA<"PP0 Karachi. Q -argest oil %ield is Dhurnal >il /ield. Q -argest par' is Ayub <ational Par'0 1awalpindi. Q -argest 1adio #tation is 5sla$abad. Q -argest university is PunEab "niversity0 -ahore. Q -ongest coast is o% @aluchistan I441 '$J Q -argest railway plat%or$ is o% 1ohri. Q -ongest railway trac'; Karachi to -andi Kotal. Q -ongest road; Karachi to Peshawar. Q /irst TF station in Pa'istan started at -ahore. Q Pa'istan+s %irst radio station was set up at Karachi.

Geography

G*>G1AP7=
Q #teel :ill is in @in Qasi$ Q >ld na$e o% Dacobabad is Khangharh. Q Kot Digi /ort is in Khairpur district. Q Peshawar $eans city o% %lowers. Q !arsa' da$ Inear PeshawarJ is built on Kabul 1iver.

Q Tirich :ir $ounts o% 7indu Kash separate A%ghanistan and TaEistan %ro$ Pa'; Q 5sla$ia )ollege Peshawar was %ounded in 181, by #ahib2ada Abdul Qayu$. Q Quaid A2a$ :edical )ollege is in @ahawalpur. Q )hou'undi to$s are located near Karachi. Q Atoc' /ort was built by A'bar. Q The land b/w 5ndus S Dehlu$ river is called Thal Desert or #indh #agar Doab. Q 1uins o% 7arapa %ound in #ahiwal. Q -ahore /ort was built by A'bar. Q At Toonsa #hari% the borders o% three provinces $eet. Q !ith Gilgit S @altistan the %rontiers o% three counties $eet. Q Tochi pass connects Pa'; with )hina. Q Pa'; has 3 international airports. Q Pa'; has 24 1adio #tations. Q BBBB district0 BBBB divisions. Q Pa'; railways %actory is in 1isalpur. Q )hitral is %a$ous %or gold. Q Port Qasi$ is the largest seaport o% Pa'; s$allest is Gawadar Q The chair$an o% <ational *cono$ic )ouncil is P:. Q <ational %lower o% Pa'istan is Das$ine. Q <ational bird o% Pa'istan is )ha'ore. Q <ational tree o% Pa'istan is Deodar. Q <ational ani$al o% Pa'istan is :ar'hor Ia type o% goatJ. Q <ational e$ble$ o% Pa'istan is )resent. Q <ational sport o% Pa'istan is land 7oc'ey. Q >ldest canton$ent o% Pa'; is Kohat. Q 7Q o% Pa'; Ar$y is at 1awalPindi. Q 7Q o% Air%orce is at )ha'lala. Q 7Q o% <avy is at 5sla$abad. Q 5sla$abad is 6 $iles %ro$ 1awalpindi. Q Photograph on the coin o% one rupee is Quaid+s photo. Q N ;;two rupee is @adshahi :osAue Ich'J Q N ten rupee note is Khyber Pass. Q N . rupee note is Q N .9 rupee note is Q N 199 is Quaid+s 1esidecy0 Giarat Quetta. Q N .99 is @adshahi :osAue0 -ahore. Q N 199 is Dehangir+s To$b. Q N .999 is o% /aisal :osAue0 5sla$abad. Q ,.6H o% total area o% Pa'; is %orests Istandard is 2.HJ Q 7ub da$ and Thadho Da$ are in :alir Karachi near Gadap Town. Q :ap o% #hah /aisal :osAue was $ade by !ahdat Dilo'y o% Tur'ey. Q -argest radio station o% Pa'; is 5sla$abad. Q Tarbela da$ is in Abot Abad. Q 1aeewind is in Kasur. Q @aitul :aal established in 1882. Q General sales ta?0 under the constitution 184& is a /ederal subEect.

Q Pa'; national %lag was adopted on 11 August0 18,4 Q Das$ine adopted on Duly .0 1831. Q <ational drin' is )ane Duice. Q 1ailway stations in Pa'; R 83.. Q 1abi crops are grown b/w $onths o% >ctB:arch. Q "nder 5ndus !ater @asin Treaty Pa'; got Dehlu$0 )henab S 5ndus. 5ndia got 1avi0 #utlaE. Q )henab and Dehlu$ %low %ro$ Kash$ir. Q Tirch$ir is the highest pea' o% 7indu'ash. Q A bica$eral legislature was proposed %or the %irst ti$e in 184& constitution. Q -ength o% Pa'B5ndia border is 10319 '$. Q -ength o% Pa'B5ran border is 69. '$. Q -ength o% Pa'B)hina border is .8. '$. Q -ength o% Pa'BA%ghan border is 29.2 '$ or 1&99 $iles. Q . rivers %low in PunEab 1avi0 #utlaE0 )henab0 5ndus S @eas. Q !arsa' da$ is on Kabul 1iver. Q 1awal Da$ is on Kurrang 1iver. Q Khanpur da$ is on 7aro 1iver. Q Tanda da$ is in @aluchistan. Q Tarbela dea$ was co$pleted in 1838. Q -ength o% 5ndus is 2899 '$. Q #ource o% 5ndus is :ansoorowar -a'e in Gilgit. Q :u2tag pass connects GilgitB=ar'and I)hinaJ. Q Khan'u$ Pass connects )hitralB!a'han IA%ghanistanJ Q The #handur Pass connects )hitral and Gilgit. Q Khyber Pass connects PeshawarBKabul Q Kul' pass connects GilgitB)hina. Q @olan pass connects QuetaBA%ghanistan. Q Tochi pass connects Pa';B)hina. Q -ength o% #il' 1ourte IKora'oru$ 1outeJ is 83. '$. Q Geneva Pact was signed on 1,th April0 1866. Q #i$pla Pact was singed on &rd Duly0 1842. Q <u$b; o% words in anthe$R.9. Q <u$b; o% lines in anthe$R1.. Q <u$b; o% a$$ende$ents $ade 14. Q <u$b; o% troops in a division are 12999 to 290999. Q <u$b; o% troops in brigade is ,999 to .999. Q @arrages built on 5ndus R 6. Q Tarbela da$ is in <!/P IAbotabadJ on 5ndus river.I-argestJ Q :angla da$ is in ADK on Dehlu$ 1iverI7ighestJ Q !arsa' da$ is in <!/P near Peshawar on Kabul river. Q Direct dialing syste$ was introduced b/w -ahore and 1awalpindi %or %irst ti$e in 183,. Q 1ivers o% Pa'istanBBBBB PunEabRR 1aviU)hanabU#utlaE. Q ;;;; #indh RRR5ndus0 7ub. Q <!/PRRKabul0 #awat0 Ghob. Q @aluchistanRR@olan.

Q @aluchistan is ,&H o% total Pa';. Q Geographical divisions o% Pa'; are 1.<orthern :ountains0 2. !estern o%%Bshoots o% 7i$alayas0 &. @aluchistan Plateau0 ,. Potohar Plateau S #alt range0 .. -ower 5ndus Plain0 3. Thar desert. Q Pa'; has & stoc' e?changes Icon%ir$ itJ. Q @road Pea' 5 is on Karo'aru$ range. Q )olonel #her Khan belonged to #indh 1ege$ent. Q Kot DiEi is a %ort in Khairpur. Q Ancient $osAue o% Pa'; is at @ha$bhor. Q Ti$e ta'en to sing <ational Anthe$ is 1 $inute0 29 sec. Q 5nstru$ents used are &6. Q Te?ila is in PunEab and <!/P. Q 1ashid :inhas $artyred in August 1841. Q :angla da$ is on river Dehlu$. Q >ld na$e o% #upre$e )ourt is /ederal )ourt. Q 19 persons have received <ishanBeB7yder. Q Khari% I#u$$er #easonJ crops includeV)otton0 rice0 sugar cane0 $ai2e0 Daur and @aEra. Q 1abi I!inter >)TB:archJ crops are wheat0 gra$0 barley and tobacco. Q Dhat Pat is the old na$e o% Dera Allah =ar. Q There are 4 rivers in @aluchistan. Q :ast Tawa''al was the poet o% @alochi. Q Khanpur da$ is near 7aripur. Q #'ardu is also called N-ittle TibetO. Q #wat beca$e part o% Pa'istan in 1838. Q The $ost precious ge$stone N*$eraldO are %ound in #wat. Q Gilgit is the capital o% <orthern Areas o% Pa'; Q Khushhal Khan belonged to *nglish period. Q The alphabet o% Pushto was prepared by #ai%ullah. Q /irst poet o% Pushto was A$ir Karar. Q #ai%ul :alu' is near <aran. Q Dera Ada$ 'han is %a$ous %or Gun %actory. Q Durand line is b/w Peshawar and A%ghanistan. Q Pa'istan /orest 5nstitution is located in Peshawar. Q @ala 7assan /ort was built by @abrat at Peshawar. Q #aidu #hari% is a la'e in <!/P. Q @ritish too' Peshawar %ro$ #i'hs. Q PopulationBwise <!/P stands &rd. Q AreaBwise it is ,th. Q -ands down @ridge connect #u''ur with 1ohri. Q Guddu @arrage was co$pleted in 18&2. Q 1eal na$e o% Qalandar -al #hahba2 is #hai'h "s$an :arvindi. Q 5n 184& constitution there are 289 articles. Q Pa'; co$prises o% 31H o% $ountainous area. Q <ational Asse$bly has &,2 seats S #enate has 199 seats with 1, %or each province. Q Provincial Asse$bly seats PunEabR&410 #indhR1360 <!/PR12,0 @aluchistanR3.. Q <a$e o% "stad @u'hari is #yed Ah$ed #hah.

Q 1eal na$e o% #hai'h Aya2 is #hai'h :ubara'. Q @arrages on 5ndus are Toonsa0 Dinnah0 #u''ur0 Gudo0 Kotri S Ghula$ :ohd;. Q Ports and harbours are Ki$ari IKar; J0 @in Qasi$ IKar; J0 Q Dinnah <aval @ase Ior$araJ0 Gawadar I@aluc; J0 PanEgore I@aluch; J. Q Deserts o% Pa'; Thar I#indhJ0 Thal IPunEabJ0 )holistan IPunEabJ. Q /a$ous glaciers are #iachen0 @atura0 @altoro. Q K2 IKara'uru$ 1angeJ with 6319 $eters. Q :ountain 1anges are 7i$aliya0 Koradora$0 7indu Kash0 #ulai$an and #alt 1ange. Q To$b o% @abur is in Kabul. Q 1eal na$e o% <oor Dahan I!i%e o% DahangirJ was :ehrun <isa. Q <AD1A was setup in /eb; 130 2999. Q The $aster plan o% 5sla$abad was prepared in 1839 by :5# )onstructinos Do?iades Io% Gree'J. Q <ational 5nstitute o% >ceanlogy Karachi R1862. Q Pa'; test %ired Ghauri $issile in April 30 1886. Q /irst nuclear reactor was setup in Karachi. Q Pa';+s %irst agriculture university setup in /aisalabad. Q )ho$as %estival is held in Kalash valley near )hitral. Q <earest provincial capital %ro$ 5sla$abad is Peshawar. Q To$b o% 7a$ayoon is in Delhi. Q To$b o% Dahangir is at -ahore. Q <ational Asse$bly has 39 wo$en seats. Q <ational anthe$ was written in 18.,. Q Gandhara civili2ation discovered %ro$ Te?ila. Q #ocial Action Plan launched in 1882B8&. Q 1ah$at Ali suggested na$e o% Pa'istan on 26th Dan; 18&& in N<ow or <everO pa$phlet in -ondon. Q 1eh$at Ali was born in 168& in a village :ohar district 7oshiyarpur I*ast PunEabJ. Q 1ah$at Ali died at the age o% .6 in 18.1 and was buried in )a$bridge "niversity. Q Ancient na$e o% Peshawar was Phush'alvati. Q 5ndia %ra$ed its constitution in 18.9. Q Kara 'oru$ 7ighway I#il'routeJ @/w Pa'; S )hina was co$pleted on 16th Dune0 1846. Q Da$rood /ort IPeshawarJ was built by General 7ari #ingh <alwa in 16&3. Q -andi Khani is the end o% the $ain line o% 1ailway syste$ o% Pa'istan. Q )holistan desert is in @ahawlpur district. Q 7arpa is in #ahiwal. Q @ha$bhore is in Thatta. Q /irdousi0 the Persian poet I#hah <a$aJ was the $e$ber o% #ultan :eh$ood+s court. Q To$b o% @aba /arid is in Pa' Patan. Q To$b o% #achal is in 1anipur. Q <ishtar 7ospital is the largest hospital in Pa'istan and was built in 18.&. Q A.7 $eans Anne 7egirae I-atin Ter$J R1&th #ep; 322 A.D. Q <anga Parbat is situated in 7i$alayan. Q Total arable land o% Pa'istan is 24H. Q Pa'istan is situated at the !est *nd o% the 5ndo Gangetic. Q !a'han separates Pa'istan %ro$ TaEi'istan.

Q 7induB'ush range is also 'nown as -ittle Pa$irs. Q #ubB7i$alya is also 'nown as #iwali's. Q The #indh #agar Doab is also 'nown as Thal Desert. Q Ta'tB5B#ule$an is the highest pea' o% #ulai$an :ountains. Q The length o% 5ndus 1iver is 2899 '$. Q #i? barrages are constructed on the 1iver 5ndus. Q 7ispar Glacies is located in 7un2a. Q The %a$ous "$ar Kot %ort was built in 14,3. Q Katch and Gawadar are the districts o% :a'ran Division. Q PunEgore is the district o% :a'ran division. Q :eaning o% Quetta is %ort. Q Go$al 1iver is in <!/P. Q The total length o% coastline o% Pa'istan is 19,3. Q )ease /ire line ca$e into e?istence in 18,8. Q Pa'istan can be divided into si? natural regions. Q 7igh o% K2 is 6311 :eters. Q The coldest place in Pa'istan is #a'ardu. Q :ost o% the 7osiery 5ndustry is located in Karachi. Q The 7eavy :echanical co$ple? was established with the help o% )hina at Ta?ila. Q The %irst )ensus in the subcontinent too' place in the year 1891. Q !heat is the $aEor Khari% )rop o% Pa'istan. Q Kotli is the city o% A2ad Kash$ir. Q The #># village built in /aisalabad. Q Pa'istan celebrated Quaid+s year in 2991. Q Pa'istani )ric'eter #aeed Anwar declared to Eoin A%ghan Dehad. Q :aulana #hibly wrote boo's on 5sla$ic 7istory. Q The %irst translation o% the 7oly Quran was in #indhi. Q Qutab :inar is in Delhi. Q )holistan Desert is in @ahawalpur. Q Pa'istan can be divided per cli$ate into , regions. Q 7ashi$ #hah wrote #assi Punnu. Q The @ritish )o$$unal Award was announced in 18&2. Q -and between two rivers is called Do0 aba. Q #hah Dahan )onstructed Da$ia :asEid Thatta. Q #indh 1iver %lows %ro$ @olan 1iver. Q Kohat is the oldest canton$ent o% Pa'istan. Q :usli$s were interested in the art o% )alligraphy. Q The length o% Durand -ine is 22,9 '$. Q The length o% Pa'istan+s co$$on border with 5ran is 69. '$. Q )hinese province adEoining Pa'istan is #in'iang. Q Dinnah @arrage is originated on the river #indh. Q The height o% Tarbela Da$ is .99 %eet. Q !ah city o% Pa'istan is lin'ed with ce$ent0 ar$s and a$$unition industry. Q #u''ur barrage is co$pleted in 18&2. Q Khanpur Da$ is near 5sla$abad. Q #i$ly -a'e is near 5sla$abad.

Q Tanda Da$ is located in <!/P. Q Khanpur Da$ irrigates Attoc' and Abbotabad. Q #assi was born in @hutta !ahan. Q @aba /arid #ha'ar GunE died at Pa'pattan in 123.. Q <ishtar hospital is the largest hospital in Pa'istan. Q #ahiwal is the new na$e o% (:ontgo$ery+. Q <oor :ahal is located at @ahawalpur. Q The %ounder o% #uharwardi silsila in Pa'istan is 1u'nBeBAla$. Q @aheshti Darwa2a is located in Pa'pattan. Q The to$b o% Anar'ali is situated in at -ahore. Q #hahEehan built #hali$ar Garden. Q 7a2rat Data GunE @a'sh ca$e in -ahore in 19&8 A.D. %ro$ the city o% Gha2ni. Q :inarBeBPa'istan is also called :into par' Q Data GanE @a'sh is the author o% Kash%ul :ahEoob. Q @adshaahi $osAue was built in 134,. Q The construction o% 5sla$abad began in 18.2. Q #her #hah built G.T. 1oad. Q 5$perial 7ighway is the old na$e o% G.T. 1oad. Q Kara'ora$ highway passes through & ranges. Q <anga Parbat is co$$only 'nown as Killer :ountain. Q Kara'ora$ highway was co$pleted in 1846. Q Kara'ora$ was co$pleted in the total period o% 29 years. Q The word Kara'ora$ $eans (cru$bling roc'+. Q Kara'ora$ is a Tur'ish word. Q Kara'ora$ highway passes through 'hunErab pass. Q Punial is said to be the place where (heaven and earth $eet+. Q #iachin glacier is located near Astor. Q 7un2a is called real #hangrilla. Q Khyber Pass connects Gilgit with )hitral. Q Totally PunEab has 6 divisions. Q The contribution o% %orestry to the agriculture sector is 9.,H. Q "se o% @oron and Gin' can i$prove cotton yield. Q <ational Arid and -and Develop$ent and 1esearch 5nstitute is located at 5sla$abad. Q Arid Gone 1esearch )entre o% PA1) is situated at Quetta. Q Thar )oal%ield is the biggest coal%ield o% Pa'istan. Q An :B1 $otorway is 5sla$abadBPeshawar. Q <*) Ico$panyJ set up Pa'istan+s %irst T.F. station. Q & radio stations were wor'ing at the ti$e o% partition. Q Total length o% 5ndus 7ighway is Q The new na$e o% Debal is (@hanbhore+. Q Gharo )ree' is a la'e. Q Kala'ot /ort is situated near Thatta. Q 1anEit #ingh sold Kash$ir %or 4. -a'hs. Q Poonch0 a state o% Kash$ir0 %ought with Dogra by obtaining ar$s %ro$ tribal areas. Q 19 seats are reserved %or nonB$usli$s in <ational Asse$bly. Q /ran' :eseri was the %irst )BinB) o% Ar$ed /orces.

Q The religion o% Ta$il is 7induis$. Q There is only one %e$ale university in Pa'istan. Q Kohat is the oldest canton$ent o% the country. Q #hali$ar Garden was built in 13,2 A.D. Q /aisalabad is co$$only 'nown as little :anchester. Q 7arrappa is located at #ahiwal. Q The to$b o% Eehangir is located a #hahdara. Q To$b o% <oor Dehan is located at -ahore. Q Attoc' /ort was built byA'bar. Q 7eer 1anEha was written by !aris #hah. Q #ohni :ahiwal was written by 7ashi$ #hah. Q #indh is called @abBulB5sla$. Q )hac' was the %ather o% 1aEa Dahir. Q Keti @under is the na$e o% a coastal area. Q /rench @each is located at Karachi. Q 1ani'ot /ort is located near 7yderabad. Q Kotri barrage was built in 18... Q Al :awardi was born in @asra. Q <i2a$BulB:ul' tusi was %a$ous %or his wisdo$. Q N"#A is ruled by a power elite0O said ).!right :ills. Q 7ub da$ supplies electricity to #indh. Q The nu$ber o% divisions in the province o% #indh is %ive. Q Total districts in the province o% #indh are 22. Q <aib #ubedar is the lowest co$$issioned o%%icer o% Pa'istan Ar$y. Q 1iver Kabul Eoins 5ndus river at Attoc'. Q :eerani Da$ is under construction near Turbat. Q )hash$a right ban' canal on the 5ndus 1iver provides water %or Dhelu$ 1iver. Q Dinnah station was established in continent Asia on Danuary 2.th0 1881. Q <ational institute o% silicon technology was established in 1881. Q 1awalpindi0 a region o% PunEab0 is %ree %ro$ the proble$ o% water logging. Q Dhelu$ 1iver Eoins )henab 1iver near Tri$$u. Q 1iver 1avi originates in the 5ndian state o% 7a$achel Pradesh. Q )hash$a barrage was built in 1841 on river 5ndus. Q !arsa' da$ was built in 1839 on river Kabul. Q 1awal da$ was built in 183. on river Kurang. Q Pa'istan+s oldest archaeological site is situated near -ar'ana. Q Ayoub Par' covers an area o% 2&99 acres. Q Khewra is the $ain source o% gypsu$ in Pa'istan. Q #ainada' is %a$ous %or copper0 silver and gold. Q Attoc' oil re%inery is located in 1awalpindi. Q ,&H o% the gas is obtained %ro$ #ui. Q Peshawar $eans (city o% %lowers+. Q -ahore /ort was built in 1.39. Q <ational singer0 <oor Dehan0 died on 2&rd Dece$ber0 2999. Q Ta?ila is located b/w Dehlu$ and 5ndus. Q :ahbubBulB7aA 7u$an Develop$ent )enter is locates at 5sla$abad.

Q <asirabad region o% @alochistan will be irrigated through Kachi cananl. Q The district o% the country having lowest population density is; Kharan Q 5n violation o% lndus @asin Treaty 18390 5ndia has constructed !ullar barrage on 1iver Dhelu$. Q !ater B%lows o% the river are diverted to !uller @arrage through the construction o% Kishanganga Da$. Q 5ndia is constructing Kishanganga Da$ in @ara$ula. Q 5ndia has constructed N@aglihar Da$O in occupied Kash$irWs district o% Doda. Q AK7>15 DA:. -ocation. Across <andna'as near A'hori village about 26 K: east o% Attoc' PunEab. Q !a'han is a narrow strip o% land which separates A%ghanistan %ro$ Pa'istan. Q Q 7oysals was a Kingdo$ o% #outh during AlaBudBDin KhilEi+s period. Q 1aEa Tarangini is a boo' on history o% Kash$ir written by Pandit Kachan. Q Kosha'BeB#iri was the na$e o% the Palace o% AlaBudBDin. Q "stad 5sa was the )hie% Architect o% TaE :ahal Agra. Q :ahabat Khan was a renowned General o% Dahangir. 7e arrested Dahangir and <oor Dahan. Q :ali' Ka%ur was a General o% AlaBudBDin KhilEi. 7e conAuered Deccan. Q Alai Darwa2a was the structure constructed by AlaBudBDin KhilEi near Qutb :inar in 1&11 A.D. Q Tehri'BeBAl%i was a history written by a tea$ o% historians during the reign o% A'bar. Q <asirBudBDin Qubacha was a lieutenant o% :uha$$ad Ghouri and served as Governor o% :ultan. Q Durgavati was the ruler o% Gondwana and was de%eated by A'bar in 1.3, A.D. Q :aha$ Anaga was the %oster $other o% A'bar the Great. Q Gulbadan @egu$ was the sister o% :ughal King 7a$ayun. #he wrote N7a$ayun <a$aO. Q 5n%allibility Decree was a docu$ent signed by A'bar in 1.840 which authori2ed hi$ to act as the supre$e arbitrator in civil and ecclesiastical a%%airs. Q @attle o% Plassey I14.4J was %ought between;The 1uler o% @engal and *ast 5ndian )o$pany. Q -uc'now Pact I1813J provided %or the representation o% :usli$s in the Provincial -agislative )ouncils in the proportion o% >neB7al% o% the elected $e$bers in @engal to the :usli$s. Q The August >%%er I18,9J was ai$ed at >%%ering greater share to 5ndians in #ervices. Q <adir #hah0 King o% Persia0 $arched into Delhi in 14&8. Q Diarchy was introduced in the govern$ent o% 5ndian Act o% 1818. Q 7a2rat @ahaBudBDin Ga'ariya; Ans. 7e was a great saint o% #uharwardi branch o% $ysticis$ and %lourished in :ultan. Q #idi :aula was a saint o% DalalBudBDin KhilEi+s period and was e?ecuted on charges o% political treason. Q Duna Khan was the original na$e o% :uha$$ad bin TaghluA. Q AinBeBA'bari is the renowned wor' o% Abul /a2l about the Govern$ent o% A'bar the Great. Q Tari'hBeBDaudi A history o% -odi Dynasty written by Abdullah during the :ughal period.

Q 5n order to inAuire into the inEustice done to the :usli$s during congress $inistries0 the :usli$ -eague appointed a co$$ittee under the chair$anship o% 1aEa :uha$$ad :ehdi. Q "ch; A place near @ahawalpur district. 5t is the burial place o% :a'hdoo$ Dehanian. Q TabaAatBeBA'bari was the na$e o% history written by (<i2a$BudBDin+ in 1.8&. 5t contains detailed account o% Gha2navids to the &3th year o% A'bar+s reign. Q @uland Darwa2a was built by A'bar the Great at /atehpur #i'ri to co$$e$orate his conAuest o% GuErat. Q /atawaBeBDehandari was (GiaBudBDin @arani+s+ boo' on state cra%t. Q #ha$s #ira% A%i%; Author o% (Tari'hBeB/iru2 #hahiO. Q /uwaidBulB/aud was written by GiaBudBDin @arani. Q :ir2a 7aider Dughlat; Ans. 7e was a cousin o% @abur and author o% (Tari'hBeB1ashidi+. Q <adirBulBAsr :ansur; The title was con%erred by :ughal *$peror Dahangir upon his )ourt Painter :ansoor. Q :uha$$ad :asu$ <a$i; A Governor o% Qandhar. 7e lies buried at #u''ur. 7e wrote NTari'hBeB#in'hO Q :usli$ -eague was %ounded under the leadership o% <awab #alee$ullah Khan. Q Alla$a 5Abal was elected as a $e$ber o% PunEab -egislative Asse$bly in 1823 and chosen President o% :usli$ -eague in 18&9. Q 5Abal+s early poe$s were co$posed $ainly in Q @angBeBDara and published in the year 182,. Q :r :ountbattan announced the Partition o% 5ndia into two independent states on &rd Dune 18,4. Q The )abinet :ission #che$e was placed be%ore QuaidBeBA2a$ in April 18,3. Q The /orty; This ter$ re%ers to the %orty slaves o% 5ltu$ish who played i$portant role in conte$porary politics. Q Panipat is a %a$ous town near Delhi. Three i$portant battles were %ought on this ground. Q :oeenBudBDin AE$eri was a great saint o% )histi sect o% 5sla$ic :ysticis$. Q #yed @rothers; 7ussain Ali and Abdullah Khan who %lourished in the early part o% the 16th century are historically 'nown as #yed @rothers. They were King :a'ers %or %ew years. Q 1ohtas /ort was built by #her #hah near Dehlu$. Q /irdausi wrote N#hahna$aO and was also a court poet o% :ah$ud o% Gha2ni. Q AuAa%; :usli$s 7oly religious places are ter$ed as AuAa%. Q @ahagar Kabir; /ounder o% @a'hti :ove$ent. 7e %lourished in 1.th century. Q Kash%ul :ahEub is renowned wor' on $ysticis$ by Ali 7aEveri IData #ahibJ. Q Abul /a2l; A leading light o% A'bar+s reign. 7e wrote NA'barna$aO which is the $ost authentic history o% A'bar+s period. Q :udrasa 1ahi$ia was established by #hah AbdBurB1ahi$ at Delhi. Q Dainis$ is a religious $ove$ent started by :ahavirs. Q The year when the QuaidBeBA2a$ decided that the :usli$ -eague would Eoin the 5nteri$ Govern$ent in 5ndia was 18,3. Q The na$e o% a person who has been the Governor General as well as the Pri$e :inister o% Pa'istan. KhuwaEa <a2i$BudBdin. Q Tah$asap; The King o% Persia who helped 7a$ayun to recapture his throne.

Q QutbBudBDin Aiba' was a great co$$ander o% :uha$$ad Ghouri who laid %oundation o% #lave Dynasty. Q Gha2i :ali'; was the original na$e o% GhiyasBudBDin TaghluA. Q A$ir Khusrau; A great poet and singer. 7e was a disciple o% KhawaEa <i2a$BudBDin Aulia. 7e %lourished during the #ultanate Period. Q Dara #hi'ohwas son o% #hah Dahan0 he %ought against Aurang2eb Ala$gir. 7e was $ystic and writer. Q @airu$ Khan was tutor o% 7a$ayun and A'bar. 7e was chie%ly instru$ental in the victory o% :ughals over 7e$u in 1..3. Q :adrasaBeB1ahi$ia; A %a$ous religious institution started by #hah Abdul 1ahi$ I/ather o% #hah !aliullahJ. Q <oor Dahan was a beloved Queen o% Dahangir. #he was an acco$plished lady and assisted her husband in the a%%airs o% the state. Q The >bEectives 1esolution was accepted by the )onstituent Asse$bly on 12 :arch 18,8. Q #i'andar :ir2a was the last Governor General o% Pa'istan. Q GillBeB*lahi $eans; #hadow o% Allah. Q #abu'tgin was the ruler o% Gha2ni. 7e ruled Gha2ni %ro$ 844 to 884. Q 5bnBeB@atuta was a %a$ous A%rican traveler who stayed in the court o% :uha$$ad bin TaghluA %or several years. 7e traveled over the Auarter part o% the then world %ro$ )hina to 5ndia. Q Kanwaha is the historical place in <orth 5ndia where @abur de%eated the 1aEputs in 1.24. At this historical place0 @abur bro'e his wine vessels. Q #arus #adur; Guardian o% 5sla$ic -aw and #po'es$an o% "le$a. Q QutbatBulB5sla$ :osAue was built by QutbBudBDin Aiba' near Qutb :inar at Delhi. Q /rancis @ernier was a *uropean traveler who visited 5ndian during #hahEehan+s Period. Q 7. Kh. @aAi @illah @airang was renowned saint o% <aAshbandia order and was the spiritual guide o% 7a2rat :aEadded Al% #ani. Q KitabBulB7ind was written by AlB@airuni. This is an authentic source about 5ndian culture and social li%e. Q The (>bEectives 1esolution+ was passed at Karachi by the )onstituent Asse$bly in 18,8. Q The N>ne "nitO bill was accepted by the Parlia$ent on 18th >ctober 18.. when :. Ali @ogra was Pri$e :inister o% Pa'istan. Q Pirthvi 1aE was overthrown and 'illed in 1182 A.D. at Thanesar by :uha$$ad Ghouri. Q Qutb :inar o% Delhi was designed as a tower o% victory being the hall$ar' o% the *$pire o% the Tur's. Q The %a$ous garden 1a$ @agh at Agra was laid out by #i'andar -odi. Q The -odi Dynasty was %ounded by @ahlol. Q Dara #hi'oh in his religious thought was in%luenced by :ullah #haida. Q The %a$ous $anuscript N#hi'astaO and N<astaliAO were written by Aurang2eb. Q 5n 5ndia0 the legal status o% the provinces was %or the %irst ti$e recogni2ed under the Govt; o% 5ndia Act 18&.. Q The proposal o% "nion o% 5ndia e$bracing both @ritish 5ndia and the states was put %orward by the )abinet :ission. Q The D"P was set up in18,6. Q The #yed Dynasty was %ounded by Khi2ar Khan. Q The @uland Darwa2a is situated at /atehpur #i'ri.

Q Dahangir was i$prisoned by :ahabat Khan. Q )ha$paner is a General. Q :u'hdu$ Dehanian DalalBudBDin Dehangasht was a saint o% #uhrwardiya #ilsilah. Q Petticoat Govern$ent was headed by :aha$ Angah. Q 5 will tear it or burn it or throw it away but never accept it. !ho stated this about the Govern$ent o% 5ndia Act 18&. Ans. :. K. Gandhi. Q The 1ash$i 1oo$al :ove$ent o% 189. was initiated by :uha$$ad Ali Dauhar. Q The 5ndian 5ndependence Act was passed in the @ritish Parlia$ent on 16th Duly. Q 7a2rat <i2a$BudBDin Auliya was a #u%i o% )hishtia >rder. Q :anachi was a *uropean traveler who ca$e to the court o% Dahangir. Q >ne o% the earliest co$ing #aints to 5ndia was KhawaEa QutbBudBDin @a'htiar Ka'i. Q 7o$e 1ule -eague was %ounded in 1813. Q The @aghdad Pact was signed in 18... Q The #yste$ o% @asic De$ocracy was %irst introduced in 18.8 Q 7a2rat :ehal+s real na$e was "$rao. #he valiantly too' part in 16.4 !ar o% 5ndependence. #he was the wi%e o% !aEEid Ali #hah o% >adh. Q #yed A$eer Ali was an intellectual o% high caliber. 7e wor'ed as a lawyer0 a Dudge o% )alcutta 7igh )ourt0 %ounded )entral <ational :oha$$edan Association and re$ained President o% the 7ughlie 5$a$bara. 7e wor'ed hard %or :usli$ -eague and Khila%at :ove$ent. 7e settled down in -ondon and died there. Q :an2oor Qadir was son o% #hei'h Abdul Qadir. 7e was a seasoned advocate. 7e represented Pa'istan at the 5nternational -aw Association in =ugoslavia. 7e wor'ed as /oreign :inister o% Pa'istan and )hie% Dustice o% !est Pa'istan 7igh )ourt. Q -ala -aEpat 1ai was a great Arya #a$aEist. 7e too' a $ost pro$inent part in the )ongress a%%airs and along with Tila' and @ebin Pal too' a pro$inent part in changing the )ongress $ethod %ro$ one o% petition to that o% application o% direct sanction. 7e incurred displeasure o% the @ritish Govern$ent and was deported to @ur$a in 1894. 7e too' part in nonBcooperation $ove$ent and boycott $ove$ent. Q Divide S Quit written by Penderel :oon. Q /oreign Policy o% Pa'istan; A 7istorical Analysis is written by #. :. @ur'. Q <a$e the person who negotiated the )anal !ater Dispute between 5ndia and Pa'istan; Ayyub Khan. Q #indh and :ultan were conAuered by :uha$$ad bin Qasi$ under the reign o% the 5sla$ic )aliph !alid bin Abdul :ali'. Q 7a2rat Ali 7aEveri Ipopularly 'nown as 7a2rat Data GanE @a'hshJ belonged to #uharwardia >rder. Q /atawaBeBDahandari was written by GiaBudBDin @arani. Q "nder the :ughals capital o% the lower #indh was Thatha. Q Kash$ir was included into the :ughal *$pire o% Delhi in >ctober 1.63. Q 5n a battle near Peshawar0 Daipal was de%eated by :ah$ud o% Gha2ni in 1991. Q The @attle o% Plassey %ir$ly established the @ritish 1ule in @engal. Q !hen presidential %or$ o% constitution was i$posed 1st :arch 1832. Q The QutbBulB5sla$ $osAue was built by GhiyasBudBDin @alban. Q !ho contributed largely to the spread o% 5sla$ in @engal #hahabBudBDin #uharwardi. Q #yed Ah$ad #haheed %ell $artyr in 16&1 at @ala'ot I<!/PJ.

Q The #cienti%ic #ociety was %ounded in 163, at Gha2ipur. Q 5n 18,3 *lections0 the All 5ndia :usli$ -eague got 199 percent seats in the )entral Asse$bly and over 66.6 percent seats in the Provincial Asse$blies. Q The #econd #u$$it )on%erence o% the >5) was held in 184, at -ahore. Q The NAsrarBusB#anadeedO was co$piled by #ir #yed Ah$ad Khan. Q The )entral :uha$$adan Association was %ounded by #yed A$ir Ali. Q The :uha$$adan -iterary #ociety o% )alcutta was %ounded by #yed A$ir Ali. Q :r. Dinnah returned %ro$ *ngland in year >ctober 18&. to reorgani2e the A5:-. Q The 5ndus !ater @asin Treaty was signed in the year 18th #epte$ber 1839. Q The Alai Darwa2a is situated at Delhi. Q @aba /arid GanE #ha'ar was a saint o% )hishtia #ilsila. Q Arhai Din Ka Dhonpara was a $osAue. Q AnEu$anBeB7i$ayatBeB5sla$ was established in the year166,. Q 5sla$abad was $ade capital o% Pa'istan in the year 18.8. Q :uha$$ad bin Qasi$ was called bac' by !alid bin Abdul :ali'. Q Pirthvi 1aE was de%eated by :uha$$ad Ghouri in 1182 A.D. at the battle o% Tarain. Q KhilEi Dynasty was %ounded by DalalBudBDin /iru2 KhilEi. Q The 1.).D. was brought about in 183, a$ong Pa'istan0 5ran0 Tur'ey. Q The %irst and second Presidents o% the /irst )onstituent Asse$bly o% Pa'istan were :. A. Dinnah and )h. :uha$$ad Ali respectively.. Q PA1>DA and *D@> were pro$ulgated in 18,8 and in 18.6 respectively. Q The All 5ndian :uha$$adan *ducational )on%erence was %ounded in 1663. Q Tah2eebBulBA'hlaA was started in 1634. Q The Queen+s Procla$ation was $ade in 16.6. Q The author o% N:ission with :ountbattanO; )o$pbell Dohnson. Q The /ederal #hariat )ourt was established in 2.th Dune 1869. Q Khusrau :ali' was the Governor o% -ahore. Q #indh was conAuered by :uha$$ad Ghauri in 1162. Q 7a$ayun was born at Kabul. Q Peacoc' throne was erected by #hahEehan. Q Pirpur )o$$ittee was %or$ed in 18&4 and was headed by 1aEa :uha$$ad :ehdi o% Pirpur. Q @ahadur #hah 55 was the #upre$e )o$$ander o% the rebellious ar$ies in the !ar o% 5ndependence0 16.4. Q 7yderabad Deccan surrendered to 5ndia on 14 #epte$ber 18,6. Q Peshawar was captured by #yed Ah$ad #haheed in 16&9. Q Govern$ent o% 5ndian Act0 18&. ca$e into operation in 18&4. Q :uha$$ad bin Qasi$ captured the city Daibul in 412 A.D. Q The Te$ple o% #o$nath was situated near the peninsula o% GuErat. Q Arabic coinage was %irst introduced in 5ndian by DalalBudBDin /iru2. Q KhilEi Dynasty was established by AlaBudBDin KhilEi. Q @abur the %ounder o% :uhgal Dynasty0 died in 1.&9 A.D at Delhi. Q The biggest :osAue built by #hahEehan in located at Delhi. Q 1ed /ort o% Delhi was built by #hahEehan. Q #habbir Ah$ad "s$ani was the %irst president o% Da$iatBeB"le$aBeB5sla$. Q :y li%eXX..A /rag$ent was written by :uha$$ad Ali Dauhar.

Q =ayha Khan beca$e the )hie% :artial -aw Ad$inistrator on 2. :arch 1838. Q The institution o% the /ederal >$buds$an was created in 1& Danuary 186&. Q The -ovely :oti :asEid is located at Agra. Q :ah$ud Gha2navi is described as Nthe %irst pioneer and pathB%inder %or 5sla$ in this countryO by -ane Poole. Q @uland Darwa2a co$$e$orates A'bar+s conAuest o% GuErat. Q @eh2ad was a %a$ous Persian painter. Q The real na$es o% <awab :ohsinBudB:ul' and <awab FiAarBulB:ul' are :ehdi Ali Khan and :ushtaA 7ussain respectively. Q The NGa$indarO and N)o$radeO newspapers were edited by :aulana Ga%ar Ali Khan and :aulana :uha$$ad Ali Dauhar respectively. Q -iaAuat Ali Khan was $artyred by #aid :uha$$ad. PunEab was given the status o% a province on 1st April 1849 Q The Kaunpur :osAue incident too' place on & August 181&. Q Police %iring on Kha'sars in -ahore too' place on 18 :arch 18,9. Q -al @ahadur #hahstri was the Pri$e :inister o% 5ndia at the ti$e o% Tash'ent Declaration. :uha$$ad bin Qasi$ appointed Ala%i as his advisor. Q >ld na$e o% Pa'patan was AEudhan. Q The to$b o% @abur is situated at Kabul. Q A'bar was born at "$ar Kot. Q The author o% N#a%inatBulBAuliyaO was Dara #hi'oh. Q :u$ta2 :ahal gave birth to 1, children. Q :aulana A2ad+s real na$e was AbuBalBKala$. Q 7a$dard was published by Ali Dauhar. Q -ord -inlithgow was the viceroy o% 5ndian during the 2nd !orld !ar. Q De%ense )ouncil was %or$ed on 1st April 18,6. Q -iaAuat Ali Khan went to A$erica in :ay 18.9. Q The #i$la Agree$ent was signed on &rd Duly 1842. Q :yth o% 5ndependence was written by G. A. @hutto. Q Author o% :y @rother is :iss /ati$a Dinnah. Q The /irst )onstituent Asse$bly was dissolved on 2,th >ctober 18.,. Q 6th A$end$ent in the )onstitution o% 184& was $ade in 186.. Q The real na$e o% <oor Dehan was :ahrBunB<isa. Q 7aren :inar was built by Dehangir. Q The to$b o% QutbBudBDin Aiba' is in -ahore. Q #ir #yed Ah$ad Khan went to *ngland along with his son na$ed #yed :ah$ud. Q <awab Abdul -ati% %ounded :uha$$adan -iterary #ociety in the year163&. Q The %ounder o% N5sla$ia )ollege PeshawarO was #ahib2ada Abdul Qayyu$. Q The author o% the boo' NTwo <ation TheoryO is; #ha%iA Ali Khan. Q The author o% the boo' NPolitical #yste$ o% Pa'istanO is Khalid bin #aeed. Q The )anal !ater Dispute was solved through the good o%%ices o% !orld @an'. Q The site %or 5sla$abad was selected in 1839. Q :r. Gul%iAar Ali @hutto inaugurated the new *ducation Policy in 184,. Q @o$bay ca$e to @ritish possession through Dowry.

Q The 7igh )ourts in 5ndian were established under the Act o% 1631. Q @ee A$$a+s real na$e was Abida @ano. Q QuaidBeBA2a$ visited <!/P in his li%e ti$e; Twice. Q @ande :athra$ was co$posed in @engal. Q !ho was the president o% :usli$ -eague in 18&2 A2i2 Ah$ad. Q )haudry 1eh$at Ali was a student at )a$bridge+s college called Trinity. Q :ahat$a Gandhi returned to 5ndia in 181.. Q <!/P got the status o% the Governor+s province in 18&4. Q #ir #yed Ah$ad Khan retired %ro$ service in; 1643. Q The /rai2i :ove$ent was %ounded by; 7aEEi #hariat "llah. Q The %irst )entral >%%ice o% :usli$ -eague was established in -uc'now. Q All 5ndia :usli$ #tudents /ederation was %ounded at Aligarh. Q QuaidBeBA2a$ reached Pa'istan on 4th August0 18,4. Q <i2a$BeB5sla$ Party was %ounded by )haudry :uha$$ad Ali. Q The %a$ous boo' N 7ayatBeBDavedO was written on the li%e o% #ir #yed Ah$ad Khan. Q 7ow $any ti$es :ah$ud invaded 5ndia #eventeen. Q !ho is the author o% the boo' titled N-ast Days o% QuaidO )ol; *lahi @a'hsh. Q The oldest regional language o% Pa'istan is #indhi. Q Pa'istan Eoined <onBAligned :ove$ent at @andung in 1848. Q "nder the )onstitution o% 18.3 which language was declared as the <ational -anguage "rdu and @engali. Q "nder which )onstitution0 N@ica$eralis$O was introduced in Pa'istan.184&. Q !hen was the %irst #AA1) )on%erence held Ans. 186.. Q QutbBudBDin Aiba' died during the ga$e o%; Ans. Polo. Q )ahnge2 Khan ca$e to 5ndia during the reign o% 5ltu$ish. Q 1a2ia #ultana :arried with Altunia. Q 5bnBeB@atuta visited 5ndian in1,th )entury. Q The color o% the $arble o% NTaE :ahalO is; !hite. Q Aurang2eb Ala$gir had; Three sons. Q Tadar :al was the revenue $inister o%; Ans. A'bar Q !hich o% the *uropean nations ca$e %irst to #outh Asia Portuguese. Q -ahore 1esolution was presented by; /a2lBulB7aA. Q #i'andar :ir2a declared :artial -aw on; >ctober 18.6. Q Pa'istan People+s Party was %ounded in; 1834. Q A'bar+s to$b is situated at;#i'andra.

Q !illia$ 7aw'ins secured $any trade %acilities %or the *nglish by *$peror Dehangir. Q 7a$eeda @ano was $other o%; A'bar. Q At the ti$e o% his coronation at Kalanour the age o% A'bar was; Thirteen and 7al%. Q !aAarBulB:ul' died in 1814. Q !ho too' the oath o% GovernorBGeneral o% Pa'istan %ro$ QuaidBeBA2a$ Dustice :ian Abdul 1ashid. Q !hen Pa'istan gave an application to the "nited <ations to beco$e its $e$ber which country opposed it A%ghanistan. Q !ho was the author o% (:y 5ndia =ears+; -ord 7ardinge Q #anghata :ove$ent was started by; Dr :oonEe Q The boo' (verdict on 5ndia+ was written by ; @everlay <ic'olas Q /a$ous !ardha sche$e was about ; *ducation Q 1aEa Dahir+s wi%e na$e is 1ani @ai Q 1aEa Dahir wi%e co$$itted suicide Q 1a2ia #ultana was the daughter o% 5ltu$ish. Q 5bnBeB@atuta was A :oorish Q /ateh Pur #i'ri was declared the capital o% his 'ingdo$ by A'bar. Q The )hain o% Dustice was hanged %ro the convenience o% people %or Auic' Eustice by Dehangir. Q @ritish 5ndia )o$pany was granted per$ission o% trade with 5ndia by Dehangir. Q The /irst @ritish Governor General o% 5ndia was !arren 7astings. Q #ir #yed Ah$ad Khan retired %ro$ the @ritish service as Dudge. Q During 7iErat :ove$ent the :usli$s o% 5ndia $igrated to A%ghanistan. Q AllB5ndia <ational )ongress participated in the 2nd 1ound Table )on%erence. Q #hari% 1eport highlighted the atrocities o% )ongress :inistries. Q The President o% the 1st )onstituent Asse$bly at the ti$e o% its dissolution was :aulvi Ta$i2BudBDin Q Pa'istanB)hina boundary Dispute was settled during the govern$ent o% General Ayub Khan. Q During the Tash'ent Agree$ent the /oreign :inister o% Pa'istan was Gul%iAar Ali @hutto

7istory *vents

6<%.S3<D <11<.2S
Mahmud Aha(navi 5*'' - 1+3+7
Mahmud gha(navi was the muslim ruler of gha(ni who gained fame y raiding india on seventeem times from 1+++ to 1+2' <B;B 0n each occasion he defeated hindu #ings and returned to Aha(ni with enormous wealthB>e is the person who

ring .slam in su -continent

y capturing the SommnathB

Shei#h <hmed Sirhindi 52<7

Shei#h <hmed Sirhindi was a muslim saint and scholar who flourished during the reigns of <# ar and FahangirB >e differed with etheistic view of Shei#h Mu ara# and his sons 1ai(i and < ul 1a(lBFahangir imprisoned him for his religious activities ut released him shortly afterwardsB Shei#h ahmed Sirhindi propounded the doctrine of 4ahdatul Shahud which successfully countered the ?ha#ti philosophy of 4ahdatul 4u,udB

. rahim /odhi 51$1'-2&7

. rahim /odhi was the last lodhi sultan of ;elhiB >e was defeated 1irst ?attle of 6anipat in 1$2&B y ?a ur in the

MCA></ 8M6.28
<fter defeating the . rahim lodhi @3he mughal empire had y :ahir-ul-din ?a ur 1B 2B 3B "B $B &B 'B :ahir-ul-din ?a ur >umayun <# er Fahangir Shah,ahan 0rang(e alamgir ?hadur Shah :afar een came in existence

;ownfall of muslim rule 5C<CS8S7

1B.gnorance of religious eliefs 2B /ac# of solidarity 3B Centrali(ation of mughul <dministration "B Do law of succession $B 4ea#ness of Character &B8ducational ;ecline 'B Military wea#ness )B Do naval 1orce

8sta lishment of ?ritish rule

3he ritish east .ndia company was struggling for gaining ground to esta lish itself permanently on the su continent since 1&++ <B;B 3he other 8uropean colonialist powers had lost their will to #eep themselves in row with the 8nglish ecause of their superiority on seasB /ord Clive esta lished 8nglish influence on sound footing and returned to england in 1')' 4hen no rival 8uropean power was left on the scene @ the 8nglish too# advantage of the unsettled conditions of .ndia and consolidated themselves politicallyB3hey clevely played one local ruler against the other and con-uered .ndia with the might of indiaB3hey demonstrated a great diplomati s#ill and employed improved arms with a etter #nowledge of warfareB 3he indian rulers at last fell a victim to their own entanglementB 3hey were either forced to accept the authority of 8ast .ndia Company or to e completely wiped offB3his process of expansion of the ritish occupation od .ndia continued in one form orthe otherB%ingdom after

#ingdom fell and then 8nglish finally pushed themselves ahead to succeed the mughulsB

Fehad Movement
Fehad Movement was started y Syed <hmed ?arelvi and his companions in the first half of the 1*th centuryB3his movement aimed at ta#ing ac# control of .ndia from the ritish and the Si#hsB Fehad movement met some sucess in its early stage when the Mu,ahideen defeated Si#h army and captured 6eshawarB

3wo Dation 3heory

.t is the theory that the hindus and muslims are two different nations ecause each of them has a separate religion@ language@ architecture@ culture and way of lifeB 3his theory formed the asis of the pa#istan movement which finally led to the creation of pa#istan in 1*"'B <llama .- al and Quaid-e-<(am were the greatest exponents of 3wo-Dation3heoryB .n the view of <llama .- al9 H.ndia is a continent of human groups elonging to different races @ spea#ing different languages and professing different religionsBBBB8ven the >indus do not form a homogeneous groupB 3he principle of 8uropean democracy can not applied to india without recogni(ing the fact of communal groups 3he muslims demand for the creation of a muslim india within .ndia is@ therefore@ perfectly ,ustifiedH <ccording to Quaid-e-<(am H4e maintain and hold that Muslims and >indus are two ma,or nations y any definition or test of a nationB4e are a nation of a hundred million and what is more we are a nation with our own distinct culture and civili(ation@ language and literature@ art and architecture@ names nad nomenclature@ sense of values and proportionH

>indi-Crdu Controversy 51)&'7

>indi- Crdu Controversy ecame the focus of nation attention in 1)&' when some hindus of enarus tried to replace urdu with hindi as the court languageB Sir syed ahmed was disappointed at the anti-Muslim attitude of >indusB

4ar of .ndependence 51)$'7

3he muslim of the Su -continent fought a war of .ndependence in 1)$' to overthrow the ?ritish 2a,B>owever@ this war could not succeed ecause it lac#ed competent leadership@ coordination troops @ military and financial resources and modern weaponsB <fter the war@ the ?ritish held the muslim responsi le for this catastrophe and unleashed a wave of oppression and repression on them

MB<B0 college <ligarh

.n 1)'$@ Muhammad <nglo-0riental >igh school was founded y Sir syed ahmed #hanB 3wo years later@ in 1)'' it was given the status of a collegeB .t functioned from 1)'' to 1*1* and educated thousands of muslim students who formed the vanguard of pa#istan movementB3his college was given the status of a muslim university in 1*2+@after the death of Sir syed ahmed #hanB

;eo and Movement

;eo and movement was a socio-religious movement of .ndian in the later half of the 1*th centuryB .t was started y Maulana Mohd Qasim Danautvi in 1)&&B .t aimed at educating the muslims in purely religious su ,ects y #eeping english out of its sylla usB .t laid stress on <ra ic and 6ersion languagesB

Dadva-tul-Clema@ /uc#now
.n 1)*"@ Dadva-tu-Clema@ luc#now was founded y Maulana < dul Ahafoor and Maulana Shi li DomaniB Dadva aimed at reforming Muslim society y imparting oth ecclesiastical and secular #nowledge to muslims <n,uman >imayat-e-.slam@ /ahore <n,uman himayat-e-.slam @lahore was esta lished in 1))"B %halifa hameeduddin and Maulvi Ahulam Cllah were elected as its first president and secretary respectivelyB/ater on@ the <n,uman opened many educational and welfare institutionsion /ahoreB 0ut of these .slamia college 2ailway road ecame very famousB 3he students of .slamia college arranged the annual meeting of muslim league at /ahore on 23rd march 1*"+ which passed lahore resolutionB

1irst Constituent <ssem ly

1irst constituent assem ly held its first meeting on 1+th august@1*"'B0riginally it comprised of &* mem ers of Central legislature elonging to pun,a @sindh@D416 and ?aluchistanB/ater on@the numer of mem ers was raised to '*B3his first constituent assem le was dissolved y ghulam mohammad in oct@1*$"B

0 ,ectives 2esolution
3he Contituent <ssem ly approved the o ,ective resolution on 12th mar@1*"*B.t em odied the asic principles for the future contituent of pa#istanB3he o ,ective resolution stated that the sovereignty elonged to <llah and declared that the Muslims of pa#istan would lead their lives according to the principles of .slam and 3he minorities would free to practise their religionsB

ClemaIs 22 6oints
3he Aovt of pa#istan convened a convention of Clema from 21-2"th ,an 1*$1 at #arachiB3he convention was attended y 31 muslim religious scholars elonging to all sects od .slamB3he Clema agreed on 22 points

8sta lishment of pa#istan 5.nitial pro lems and events7

1B ;emarcation of oundaries BBBBB2adcliffeIs <ward 2B Congress 2eaction 3B Cprooting of muslim in pun,a "B 2efugees pro lem and their resettlement $B ;ivision of <rmed forces and Military <ssets &B ;ivision of financial <ssets 'B Canal 4ater ;ispute )B <ccession of 6rincely states 5,unagarh@#ashmir and hydera ad7 *B economic pro lems and political pro lems 1+B Constitutional pro lem 11B ;eath of Quaid-e-<(am

.ndus water 3reaty

.ndus water treaty was signed y india and pa#istan in 1*&+to resolve the outstanding canal water dispute etween the two countries

2ann of %utch
2ann of %utch is a wide stretch of marshy land situated towards the south-east of pa#istanB .n 1*&$ this area ecame a scene of order clash etweem india and pa#B

Six 6oints of Mu,id-ur-rehman

.n fe 1*&&@ Shei#h Mu,i the leader of <wami league announced his & points@ which demanded maximum autonomy for 8ast pa#istanB/ater on@ these points ecame the asis for the separation movement y ?engalisB

/ia-uat - Dehru 6act

/ia-uat <li #han and Dehru signed a pact on )th april 1*$+ in delhiB<ccording to this agreement@ oth the countries agreed to protect the rights of their minorities and undertoo# to stop propaganda against each otherB

Simla <ccord
3he 1*'1 .ndo-pa# was a d the insurgency of engalis resulted in the separation of east pa#istanB 3he way rought in its wa#e many issue@ which included the release of 6o4s@ trial of selected 6o4s@ return of ?aharis to pa#istan and recognition of angladesh B .n ,uly 1*'2@ :B<B?hutto and .ndira Aandhi signed an <ccord in simla which is historically #nown as simla accord PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

/anguages of pa#istan
6a#istan is a multi-lingual countryB < out thirty-one distinct languages are spo#en in pa#istan@ not counting a num er of dialects@ ut no single language is commonly spo#en or understood in all parts of the countryBMany of the languages are spo#en y a relatively small proportion of the population and some are not even commonly written@ ut sentiment and association among the spea#ers is almost invaria ly opposed to a sorption into one of the larger unitsB 4ith minor exception all the languages are also spo#en outside the country 2atio of languages of pa#istan 1B 2B 3B "B $B &B 'B Crdu 5 'B& 7 6un,a i 5 ""B1 7 6ushto 5 1$B" 7 Sindhi 5 1"B1 7 ?alochi 5 3B& 7 Sarai#i 5 1+B$ 7 0thers 5 "B' 7

606C/<3.0D 01 6<%.S3<D ?E 28/.A.0D

<ccording to census of 1*)1 @ religion-wise population of pa#istan was as under

1B 2B 3B "B $B &B 'B

Muslim J )1@"$+@+$' Christians J 1@31+@"2& >indus J 1@2'&@11& <hmadis J 1+"@2"" ?huddist J 2&3* 6arsis J '++' 0thers J 1+3@1$$

8conomics of 6a#istan 51ive Eear 6lans7

So far the government of pa#istan has launched the following nine five year plansB 5 1*'$ to 1*') 7 is regarded as no plan period 1B 2B 3B "B $B &B 'B )B *B 1irst five year plan 51*$$-&+7 Second five year plan 51*&+-&$7 3hird five year plan 51*&$-'+7 1ourth five year plan 51*'+-'$7 1ifth five year plan 51*')-)37 Sixth five year plan 51*)3-))7 Seventh five year plan 51*))-*37 8ighth five year plan 51**3-*)7 Dinth five year plan 51**)-2++37

.mportant 2ivers 0f 6a#istan

6CDF<? 9 Fhelum @ Chena @ 2avi @ Sutle, S.D;> 9 >u @ Mir Dadi @ <rl Dadi D416 9 .ndus @ %a ul @ Swat @ ?ara @ Chitral @ :ho @ 6an,#ora @ Aomal @ %urram ?</CC>.S3<D 9 >angol @ Dari @ ?olan @ ;asht @ Mula @ 2a#hshan @ 6ashin /ora

3he /argest in 6a#istan

<ir /ines 9 6.< <ir 6ort 9 Quaid-e-a(am .nternational <irport @ %hi ?an# 9 State an# 0f pa#istanB3he largest commercial an# is >a i 2sB 1*"B& illion desposit ?arrage 9 Su##ur ?arrage City 9 %arachi@ 8stimated population *B* millions Canal 9 /loyd ?arrage Canal ;am 9 3ar ela ;am 5vol 1") million cu ic metres7 ;esert 9 3har 5sindh7 ;ivision 9 %alat division 5 aluchistan7@<rea 1@3)@&33 s- #m ;istrict 9 %hu(dar 5 aluchistan7 1ort 9 2ani %ot 5sindh7 Aas 1ield 9 Sui Aas 1ield@ ?aluchistan >ospital9 Dishtar >ospital @ Multan >ydro-8lectric 6ower Station 9 3ar ela 53"') M47 .ndustrial Cnit 9 6a#istan Steel Mills @ %arachi .ndustry 9 3extile .ndustry .sland 9 Manora 5#arachi7 Fungle 9 Chhanga Manga 5#asur7 /a#e 5<rtificial7 9 %een,har /a#e 5sindh7 /a#e 5natural79 Manchhar /a#e@ ;adu 5sindh7 /i rary 9 3he pun,a pu lic /i rary@/ahore 5pun,a 7 Mine 9 Salt Mines @ %hewra 5pun,a 7

an# /td with

Mos-ue 9 Shah 1aisal Mos-ue @ .sl Motorway 9 /ahore-.slama ad@motorway Museum 9 Dational Museum@ #arachi Dewspaper 9 Fang 5urdu7 K 3he news 5eng7 Duclear 2eactor 9 %arachi Duclear 6ower plant 5%<DC667 0il 1ield 9 ;hurnal 0il 1ield 6ar# 9 <yu Dational 6ar# @ 2awalpindi 2adio station 9 .slama ad 2ailway station 9 /ahore 2iver 9 .ndus river Cniversity 9 6un,a Cniversity @ lahore

3he /ongest in 6a#istan

coast 9 ?alochistan 5''1 #ms long7 1rontier 9 6a#-<fghan order 522$2 #ms7 2ailway 6latform 9 2ohri 5sindh7@/ength 1)*" feet 2ailway trac# 9 %arachi to /andi #otal 2oad 9 %arachi to peshawar 3unnel 5railway7 9 %ho,a# aluchistan 52B"3 miles7 3unnel 5road7 9 /owari 5$ miles7 3unnel 5water7 9 4arsa# ;am 3unnel 53B$ miles7

3he 3allest in pa#istan

3ower 9 Minar-e-pa#istan 5height 1*& feet ) inches7 Minart 9 1our Minarets of Shah faisal Mos-ue with height of 2)& feet each Mountain pass 9 Mu(tagh 6ass 5>eight 1*+3+ feet7 Mountain pea# 9 %-2 5#ara#oram7 height 2)2&* feet

Mountain 6asses 0f 6a#istan

1B Mu(tagh 6ass 2B %ara#oram 6ass 3B %han #un 6ass "B :agar 6ass $B %ili# 6ass &B %hun,ra 6ass 'B Minta#a 6ass )B ;orath 6ass *B ?a usar 6ass 1+B Shandur 6ass 11B /owari 6ass 12B ?uroghil 6ass 13B %hy er 6ass 1"B Shimshal 6ass 1$B Aanshero 6ass 1&B 3ochi 6ass 1'B Aomal 6ass 1)B ;urgai 6ass 1*B Mala#and 6ass

1oreign ?an#s 0perating .n pa#istan

1B <?D <mro ?an# DBGB 2B <l ara#a .slamic ?an# ?SC 58C7 3B <merican 8xpress ?an# /td "B Standard Chartared Arindlays ?an# /td $B ?an# of 3o#yo Mitsu isho /td &B ?an# of Ceylon 'B Citi an# DB< )B ;eutsche ?an# <BA *B 8mirates ?an# .nternational /td 1+B >a i an# <BA :urich 11B Mashre- ?an# 6BSBC 12B 0man .nternation ?an# SB0B<BA 13 2upali ?an# /td 1"B Standard Chartered ?an#

Sainda# Metal 56vt7 /tdB

3he Sainda# Metal is the first important metal mining pro,ect in pa#istanB.t is designed to produce 1$)1+ tonnes of lister copper annually which contained gold 51B"' tonnes7 and silver 52B'& tonnes7

Metallic Minerals .n 6a#istan

<lum 9 %alat @ %hairpur @ 6eshawar @ Quetta <ntimony 9 %arangli @ Qila < dullah @ She#ran <rsenic 9 Ailgit @ /ond#u ?auxite 9 ;hamman @ Fhal @ Mu(affara ad @ Dia(pur Chromite 9 /as ela @ Mala#and @ Muslim agh @ 2as#oh Copper9 %oh Marani @ %alat @ Maran, @ 6ishin @ Sainda# Aold 9 Chitral @ Ailgit @ %ara# @ Mardan @ /as ella .ron 0re 9 Chitral @ Chilga(i @ %ala agh@ 2ash#oh /ead 9 Chiral @ %hu(dar @ /as ella @ Mardan Magnesite 9 %alat @ %humhar @ < otta ad @ :ho Manganese 9 >a,i Mohd %han @ < otta ad @ :ho Silver 9 Sainda# 5 aluchistan7

Don-Metallic Minerals .n pa#istan

<s estos 9 Char ?agh @ Chitral @ ;B. %han @ :ho Calcite 9 /as ella @ :ho China Clay 9 >a(ara @ Multan @ 6eshawar @ 2awalpindi Coal 9 ;andot @ ;egari @ Ma#arwal ;olomite 9 ;B. %han @ Fhimpir @ 2awal pindi 1lourite 9 Chitral @ ;ir @ >a(ara Alass sand 9 ?ande sadi- @ Mianwali @ Salt 2ange Araphite 9 Chitral @ >a(ara @ %hy er Aypsum 9 ;adu @ ;B. #han @ >ydera ad @ %ohat @ Si i @ Quetta /imestone 9 ;aud#hel @ ;B. %han @ >ydera ad @ %alat @ 2ohri Mar le 9 <ttoc# @ Chagi @ Ailgit @ >a(ara @ Mardan@ Swat Datural Aas 9 ;hurnal @ %andh#ot@ Mayal @ Mari @ Sui @3ut @ Cch 6recious Stones 9 Chitral @ >un(a @ Mala#and @ Swat Salt 9 ?ahadur %hel @ %hewra @ %ala agh Silica 9 ;andot @ >a(ara @ Fangshahi @ Ma#arwal Sulphur 9 Chitral @ >ydera ad @ %alat @ %oh sultan

D<3.0D</ <D3>8M 01 6<%.S3<D

Dational <nthem of pa#istan was written y renowned poet H >afee( Fullundari H in 1*$"B3he anthem consist of $+ words arranged in 1$ linesB2enowned musician H< dul %arim ChhagleH composed the <nthemB< total num er of 11 male and female singers too# part in its musical compositionB6a#istan national anthem was first played on 13th august@1*$" efore HShah of .ran 2a(a Shah 6ehlaviHB

Dational Saving 0rgani(ation 5DS07

3he DS0 wor#s under the ;irectorate of Dational SavingB 3he directorate has 12 regions and 3&$ ranches in pa#istanB .t offers many saving schemes which include saving account@;efence Saving Certificates@ %has ;eposit Certificates @ 6ostal /ife .nsurance @ Mahana <mdani <ccounts and 6ri(e ?onds

Dational >olidays
1B 2B 3B "B $B &B 'B )B 6a#istan repu lic day 523rd march7 /a our day 51st may7 ?an# >oliday 51st ,uly7 .ndependence day 51"th aug7 ;efence day 5&th sep7 ;eath <nniversary of Quaid-e-<(am 511th sep7 ?irth <nniversay of <llama .- al 5*th nov7 ?irth <nniversary of Quaid-e-<(am 52$th dec7

.n addition@ 3he govt of pa#istan notifies holidays on 8id-ul-1itr and 8id -ulC(ha@<shura Muharram and 8id Milad-un-Da i according to islamic Calendar

6ress 0rgani(ation of pa#istan

1B 2B 3B "B <6DS 9 <ll-6a#istan Dews <gency 61CF 9 6a#istan 1ederal Cnion of Founalists <6D8C 9 <ll-6a#istan Dews 8mployees Confederation D8C6 9 Dewspapers 8ditors Council of 6a#istan

D84S <A8DC.8S 01 6<%.S3<D 1B 2B 3B "B <66 9 <ssociated 6ress of 6a#istan .D6 9 .ndependent Dews of 6a#istan .6S 9 .slama ad 6ress Service 66. 9 6a#istan 6ress .nternational

More .nformation of pa#istan

L Syed <hmed #han wrote H %hut at-i-<hmadiya H on 1)&* in reply to william muirIs H /ife of MohammadH L Sir syed retired from service in 1*'& L 3he total area of pa#istan is '*&+*& s-uare #ilometres 53+'3'" s- mi 7 L 3here are 2' divisions and 1+) districts in pa#istan

L 3he total num er of primary schools are 1&*@+)'@middle schools are 1*1)+ and high schools are 131+)B L 3he num er of registered doctors are *22")@ Durses are "+11" and ;entists are "&22B L 3he first postage stamp of pa#istan issued on *th ,uly@ 1*") L 3he first census of pa#istan was conducted on *th fe @1*$1 L AenB <yu #han too# over as the president on 1'th fe Eahya #han too# over on 31st marB1*&*B L 666 was founded y :< hutto on 3+th nov@1*&'B @1*&+ and AenB < M

L 3he 1*'3 Constitution of pa#istan promulgated on 12th april@ 1*'3B L ;rB < dul Salam was awarded Do el 6eace 6ri(e in 6hysics on 1$th oct@1*'*B PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

1oriegn policy of pa#istan

1B1oriegn policy 2B6rinciples of 6a#istan foriegn policy 3BS.M important phases of pa#istan policy "B2elation of pa#istan and Super power 5CS<7 $B2elation of pa#istan and 2ussia &B2elation with .slamic world 52elation with <fghanistan@.ran@3ur#ey@Saudiara @?angladesh7 'B.mportance of #ashmir pro lem in indo-pa# relation )B.mportance of foriegn policy *B6a#istan and 0.C@S<<2C@D<M and 8C0

7istory *vents

6<%.S3<D <11<.2S
Mahmud Aha(navi 5*'' - 1+3+7
Mahmud gha(navi was the muslim ruler of gha(ni who gained fame y raiding india on seventeem times from 1+++ to 1+2' <B;B 0n each occasion he defeated hindu #ings and returned to Aha(ni with enormous wealthB>e is the person who ring .slam in su -continent y capturing the SommnathB

Shei#h <hmed Sirhindi 52<7

Shei#h <hmed Sirhindi was a muslim saint and scholar who flourished during the reigns of <# ar and FahangirB >e differed with etheistic view of Shei#h Mu ara# and his sons 1ai(i and < ul 1a(lBFahangir imprisoned him for his religious activities

ut released him shortly afterwardsB Shei#h ahmed Sirhindi propounded the doctrine of 4ahdatul Shahud which successfully countered the ?ha#ti philosophy of 4ahdatul 4u,udB

. rahim /odhi 51$1'-2&7

. rahim /odhi was the last lodhi sultan of ;elhiB >e was defeated 1irst ?attle of 6anipat in 1$2&B y ?a ur in the

MCA></ 8M6.28
<fter defeating the . rahim lodhi @3he mughal empire had y :ahir-ul-din ?a ur 1B 2B 3B "B $B &B 'B :ahir-ul-din ?a ur >umayun <# er Fahangir Shah,ahan 0rang(e alamgir ?hadur Shah :afar een came in existence

;ownfall of muslim rule 5C<CS8S7

1B.gnorance of religious eliefs 2B /ac# of solidarity 3B Centrali(ation of mughul <dministration "B Do law of succession $B 4ea#ness of Character &B8ducational ;ecline 'B Military wea#ness )B Do naval 1orce

8sta lishment of ?ritish rule

3he ritish east .ndia company was struggling for gaining ground to esta lish itself permanently on the su continent since 1&++ <B;B 3he other 8uropean colonialist powers had lost their will to #eep themselves in row with the 8nglish ecause of their superiority on seasB /ord Clive esta lished 8nglish influence on sound footing and returned to england in 1')' 4hen no rival 8uropean power was left on the scene @ the 8nglish too# advantage of the unsettled conditions of .ndia and consolidated themselves politicallyB3hey clevely played one local ruler against the other and con-uered .ndia with the might of indiaB3hey demonstrated a great diplomati s#ill and employed improved arms with a etter #nowledge of warfareB 3he indian rulers at last fell a victim to their own entanglementB 3hey were either forced to accept the authority of 8ast .ndia Company or to e completely wiped offB3his process of expansion of the ritish occupation od .ndia continued in one form orthe otherB%ingdom after #ingdom fell and then 8nglish finally pushed themselves ahead to succeed the mughulsB

Fehad Movement
Fehad Movement was started y Syed <hmed ?arelvi and his companions in the first half of the 1*th centuryB3his movement aimed at ta#ing ac# control of .ndia

from the ritish and the Si#hsB Fehad movement met some sucess in its early stage when the Mu,ahideen defeated Si#h army and captured 6eshawarB

3wo Dation 3heory

.t is the theory that the hindus and muslims are two different nations ecause each of them has a separate religion@ language@ architecture@ culture and way of lifeB 3his theory formed the asis of the pa#istan movement which finally led to the creation of pa#istan in 1*"'B <llama .- al and Quaid-e-<(am were the greatest exponents of 3wo-Dation3heoryB .n the view of <llama .- al9 H.ndia is a continent of human groups elonging to different races @ spea#ing different languages and professing different religionsBBBB8ven the >indus do not form a homogeneous groupB 3he principle of 8uropean democracy can not applied to india without recogni(ing the fact of communal groups 3he muslims demand for the creation of a muslim india within .ndia is@ therefore@ perfectly ,ustifiedH <ccording to Quaid-e-<(am H4e maintain and hold that Muslims and >indus are two ma,or nations y any definition or test of a nationB4e are a nation of a hundred million and what is more we are a nation with our own distinct culture and civili(ation@ language and literature@ art and architecture@ names nad nomenclature@ sense of values and proportionH

>indi-Crdu Controversy 51)&'7

>indi- Crdu Controversy ecame the focus of nation attention in 1)&' when some hindus of enarus tried to replace urdu with hindi as the court languageB Sir syed ahmed was disappointed at the anti-Muslim attitude of >indusB

4ar of .ndependence 51)$'7

3he muslim of the Su -continent fought a war of .ndependence in 1)$' to overthrow the ?ritish 2a,B>owever@ this war could not succeed ecause it lac#ed competent leadership@ coordination troops @ military and financial resources and modern weaponsB <fter the war@ the ?ritish held the muslim responsi le for this catastrophe and unleashed a wave of oppression and repression on them

MB<B0 college <ligarh

.n 1)'$@ Muhammad <nglo-0riental >igh school was founded y Sir syed ahmed #hanB 3wo years later@ in 1)'' it was given the status of a collegeB .t functioned from 1)'' to 1*1* and educated thousands of muslim students who formed the vanguard of pa#istan movementB3his college was given the status of a muslim university in 1*2+@after the death of Sir syed ahmed #hanB

;eo and Movement

;eo and movement was a socio-religious movement of .ndian in the later half of the 1*th centuryB .t was started y Maulana Mohd Qasim Danautvi in 1)&&B .t aimed at educating the muslims in purely religious su ,ects y #eeping english out of its sylla usB .t laid stress on <ra ic and 6ersion languagesB

Dadva-tul-Clema@ /uc#now

.n 1)*"@ Dadva-tu-Clema@ luc#now was founded y Maulana < dul Ahafoor and Maulana Shi li DomaniB Dadva aimed at reforming Muslim society y imparting oth ecclesiastical and secular #nowledge to muslims <n,uman >imayat-e-.slam@ /ahore <n,uman himayat-e-.slam @lahore was esta lished in 1))"B %halifa hameeduddin and Maulvi Ahulam Cllah were elected as its first president and secretary respectivelyB/ater on@ the <n,uman opened many educational and welfare institutionsion /ahoreB 0ut of these .slamia college 2ailway road ecame very famousB 3he students of .slamia college arranged the annual meeting of muslim league at /ahore on 23rd march 1*"+ which passed lahore resolutionB

1irst Constituent <ssem ly

1irst constituent assem ly held its first meeting on 1+th august@1*"'B0riginally it comprised of &* mem ers of Central legislature elonging to pun,a @sindh@D416 and ?aluchistanB/ater on@the numer of mem ers was raised to '*B3his first constituent assem le was dissolved y ghulam mohammad in oct@1*$"B

0 ,ectives 2esolution
3he Contituent <ssem ly approved the o ,ective resolution on 12th mar@1*"*B.t em odied the asic principles for the future contituent of pa#istanB3he o ,ective resolution stated that the sovereignty elonged to <llah and declared that the Muslims of pa#istan would lead their lives according to the principles of .slam and 3he minorities would free to practise their religionsB

ClemaIs 22 6oints
3he Aovt of pa#istan convened a convention of Clema from 21-2"th ,an 1*$1 at #arachiB3he convention was attended y 31 muslim religious scholars elonging to all sects od .slamB3he Clema agreed on 22 points

8sta lishment of pa#istan 5.nitial pro lems and events7

1B ;emarcation of oundaries BBBBB2adcliffeIs <ward 2B Congress 2eaction 3B Cprooting of muslim in pun,a "B 2efugees pro lem and their resettlement $B ;ivision of <rmed forces and Military <ssets &B ;ivision of financial <ssets 'B Canal 4ater ;ispute )B <ccession of 6rincely states 5,unagarh@#ashmir and hydera ad7 *B economic pro lems and political pro lems 1+B Constitutional pro lem 11B ;eath of Quaid-e-<(am

.ndus water 3reaty

.ndus water treaty was signed y india and pa#istan in 1*&+to resolve the outstanding canal water dispute etween the two countries

2ann of %utch
2ann of %utch is a wide stretch of marshy land situated towards the south-east of

pa#istanB .n 1*&$ this area pa#B

ecame a scene of

order clash

etweem india and

Six 6oints of Mu,id-ur-rehman

.n fe 1*&&@ Shei#h Mu,i the leader of <wami league announced his & points@ which demanded maximum autonomy for 8ast pa#istanB/ater on@ these points ecame the asis for the separation movement y ?engalisB

/ia-uat - Dehru 6act

/ia-uat <li #han and Dehru signed a pact on )th april 1*$+ in delhiB<ccording to this agreement@ oth the countries agreed to protect the rights of their minorities and undertoo# to stop propaganda against each otherB

Simla <ccord
3he 1*'1 .ndo-pa# was a d the insurgency of engalis resulted in the separation of east pa#istanB 3he way rought in its wa#e many issue@ which included the release of 6o4s@ trial of selected 6o4s@ return of ?aharis to pa#istan and recognition of angladesh B .n ,uly 1*'2@ :B<B?hutto and .ndira Aandhi signed an <ccord in simla which is historically #nown as simla accord PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

/anguages of pa#istan
6a#istan is a multi-lingual countryB < out thirty-one distinct languages are spo#en in pa#istan@ not counting a num er of dialects@ ut no single language is commonly spo#en or understood in all parts of the countryBMany of the languages are spo#en y a relatively small proportion of the population and some are not even commonly written@ ut sentiment and association among the spea#ers is almost invaria ly opposed to a sorption into one of the larger unitsB 4ith minor exception all the languages are also spo#en outside the country 2atio of languages of pa#istan 1B 2B 3B "B $B &B 'B Crdu 5 'B& 7 6un,a i 5 ""B1 7 6ushto 5 1$B" 7 Sindhi 5 1"B1 7 ?alochi 5 3B& 7 Sarai#i 5 1+B$ 7 0thers 5 "B' 7

606C/<3.0D 01 6<%.S3<D ?E 28/.A.0D

<ccording to census of 1*)1 @ religion-wise population of pa#istan was as under 1B 2B 3B "B $B &B 'B Muslim J )1@"$+@+$' Christians J 1@31+@"2& >indus J 1@2'&@11& <hmadis J 1+"@2"" ?huddist J 2&3* 6arsis J '++' 0thers J 1+3@1$$

8conomics of 6a#istan 51ive Eear 6lans7

So far the government of pa#istan has launched the following nine five year plansB 5 1*'$ to 1*') 7 is regarded as no plan period 1B 2B 3B "B $B &B 'B )B *B 1irst five year plan 51*$$-&+7 Second five year plan 51*&+-&$7 3hird five year plan 51*&$-'+7 1ourth five year plan 51*'+-'$7 1ifth five year plan 51*')-)37 Sixth five year plan 51*)3-))7 Seventh five year plan 51*))-*37 8ighth five year plan 51**3-*)7 Dinth five year plan 51**)-2++37

.mportant 2ivers 0f 6a#istan

6CDF<? 9 Fhelum @ Chena @ 2avi @ Sutle, S.D;> 9 >u @ Mir Dadi @ <rl Dadi D416 9 .ndus @ %a ul @ Swat @ ?ara @ Chitral @ :ho @ 6an,#ora @ Aomal @ %urram ?</CC>.S3<D 9 >angol @ Dari @ ?olan @ ;asht @ Mula @ 2a#hshan @ 6ashin /ora

3he /argest in 6a#istan

<ir /ines 9 6.< <ir 6ort 9 Quaid-e-a(am .nternational <irport @ %hi ?an# 9 State an# 0f pa#istanB3he largest commercial an# is >a i 2sB 1*"B& illion desposit ?arrage 9 Su##ur ?arrage City 9 %arachi@ 8stimated population *B* millions Canal 9 /loyd ?arrage Canal ;am 9 3ar ela ;am 5vol 1") million cu ic metres7 ;esert 9 3har 5sindh7 ;ivision 9 %alat division 5 aluchistan7@<rea 1@3)@&33 s- #m ;istrict 9 %hu(dar 5 aluchistan7 1ort 9 2ani %ot 5sindh7 Aas 1ield 9 Sui Aas 1ield@ ?aluchistan >ospital9 Dishtar >ospital @ Multan >ydro-8lectric 6ower Station 9 3ar ela 53"') M47 .ndustrial Cnit 9 6a#istan Steel Mills @ %arachi .ndustry 9 3extile .ndustry .sland 9 Manora 5#arachi7 Fungle 9 Chhanga Manga 5#asur7 /a#e 5<rtificial7 9 %een,har /a#e 5sindh7 /a#e 5natural79 Manchhar /a#e@ ;adu 5sindh7 /i rary 9 3he pun,a pu lic /i rary@/ahore 5pun,a 7 Mine 9 Salt Mines @ %hewra 5pun,a 7 Mos-ue 9 Shah 1aisal Mos-ue @ .sl Motorway 9 /ahore-.slama ad@motorway Museum 9 Dational Museum@ #arachi Dewspaper 9 Fang 5urdu7 K 3he news 5eng7 Duclear 2eactor 9 %arachi Duclear 6ower plant 5%<DC667 0il 1ield 9 ;hurnal 0il 1ield 6ar# 9 <yu Dational 6ar# @ 2awalpindi 2adio station 9 .slama ad

an# /td with

2ailway station 9 /ahore 2iver 9 .ndus river Cniversity 9 6un,a Cniversity @ lahore

3he /ongest in 6a#istan

coast 9 ?alochistan 5''1 #ms long7 1rontier 9 6a#-<fghan order 522$2 #ms7 2ailway 6latform 9 2ohri 5sindh7@/ength 1)*" feet 2ailway trac# 9 %arachi to /andi #otal 2oad 9 %arachi to peshawar 3unnel 5railway7 9 %ho,a# aluchistan 52B"3 miles7 3unnel 5road7 9 /owari 5$ miles7 3unnel 5water7 9 4arsa# ;am 3unnel 53B$ miles7

3he 3allest in pa#istan

3ower 9 Minar-e-pa#istan 5height 1*& feet ) inches7 Minart 9 1our Minarets of Shah faisal Mos-ue with height of 2)& feet each Mountain pass 9 Mu(tagh 6ass 5>eight 1*+3+ feet7 Mountain pea# 9 %-2 5#ara#oram7 height 2)2&* feet

Mountain 6asses 0f 6a#istan

1B Mu(tagh 6ass 2B %ara#oram 6ass 3B %han #un 6ass "B :agar 6ass $B %ili# 6ass &B %hun,ra 6ass 'B Minta#a 6ass )B ;orath 6ass *B ?a usar 6ass 1+B Shandur 6ass 11B /owari 6ass 12B ?uroghil 6ass 13B %hy er 6ass 1"B Shimshal 6ass 1$B Aanshero 6ass 1&B 3ochi 6ass 1'B Aomal 6ass 1)B ;urgai 6ass 1*B Mala#and 6ass

1oreign ?an#s 0perating .n pa#istan

1B 2B 3B "B $B &B 'B )B <?D <mro ?an# DBGB <l ara#a .slamic ?an# ?SC 58C7 <merican 8xpress ?an# /td Standard Chartared Arindlays ?an# /td ?an# of 3o#yo Mitsu isho /td ?an# of Ceylon Citi an# DB< ;eutsche ?an# <BA

*B 8mirates ?an# .nternational /td 1+B >a i an# <BA :urich 11B Mashre- ?an# 6BSBC 12B 0man .nternation ?an# SB0B<BA 13 2upali ?an# /td 1"B Standard Chartered ?an#

Sainda# Metal 56vt7 /tdB

3he Sainda# Metal is the first important metal mining pro,ect in pa#istanB.t is designed to produce 1$)1+ tonnes of lister copper annually which contained gold 51B"' tonnes7 and silver 52B'& tonnes7

Metallic Minerals .n 6a#istan

<lum 9 %alat @ %hairpur @ 6eshawar @ Quetta <ntimony 9 %arangli @ Qila < dullah @ She#ran <rsenic 9 Ailgit @ /ond#u ?auxite 9 ;hamman @ Fhal @ Mu(affara ad @ Dia(pur Chromite 9 /as ela @ Mala#and @ Muslim agh @ 2as#oh Copper9 %oh Marani @ %alat @ Maran, @ 6ishin @ Sainda# Aold 9 Chitral @ Ailgit @ %ara# @ Mardan @ /as ella .ron 0re 9 Chitral @ Chilga(i @ %ala agh@ 2ash#oh /ead 9 Chiral @ %hu(dar @ /as ella @ Mardan Magnesite 9 %alat @ %humhar @ < otta ad @ :ho Manganese 9 >a,i Mohd %han @ < otta ad @ :ho Silver 9 Sainda# 5 aluchistan7

Don-Metallic Minerals .n pa#istan

<s estos 9 Char ?agh @ Chitral @ ;B. %han @ :ho Calcite 9 /as ella @ :ho China Clay 9 >a(ara @ Multan @ 6eshawar @ 2awalpindi Coal 9 ;andot @ ;egari @ Ma#arwal ;olomite 9 ;B. %han @ Fhimpir @ 2awal pindi 1lourite 9 Chitral @ ;ir @ >a(ara Alass sand 9 ?ande sadi- @ Mianwali @ Salt 2ange Araphite 9 Chitral @ >a(ara @ %hy er Aypsum 9 ;adu @ ;B. #han @ >ydera ad @ %ohat @ Si i @ Quetta /imestone 9 ;aud#hel @ ;B. %han @ >ydera ad @ %alat @ 2ohri Mar le 9 <ttoc# @ Chagi @ Ailgit @ >a(ara @ Mardan@ Swat Datural Aas 9 ;hurnal @ %andh#ot@ Mayal @ Mari @ Sui @3ut @ Cch 6recious Stones 9 Chitral @ >un(a @ Mala#and @ Swat Salt 9 ?ahadur %hel @ %hewra @ %ala agh Silica 9 ;andot @ >a(ara @ Fangshahi @ Ma#arwal Sulphur 9 Chitral @ >ydera ad @ %alat @ %oh sultan

D<3.0D</ <D3>8M 01 6<%.S3<D

Dational <nthem of pa#istan was written y renowned poet H >afee( Fullundari H in 1*$"B3he anthem consist of $+ words arranged in 1$ linesB2enowned musician H< dul %arim ChhagleH composed the <nthemB< total num er of 11 male and female singers too# part in its musical compositionB6a#istan national anthem was first played on 13th august@1*$" efore HShah of .ran 2a(a Shah 6ehlaviHB

Dational Saving 0rgani(ation 5DS07

3he DS0 wor#s under the ;irectorate of Dational SavingB 3he directorate has 12 regions and 3&$ ranches in pa#istanB .t offers many saving schemes which include saving account@;efence Saving Certificates@ %has ;eposit Certificates @ 6ostal /ife .nsurance @ Mahana <mdani <ccounts and 6ri(e ?onds

Dational >olidays
1B 2B 3B "B $B &B 'B )B 6a#istan repu lic day 523rd march7 /a our day 51st may7 ?an# >oliday 51st ,uly7 .ndependence day 51"th aug7 ;efence day 5&th sep7 ;eath <nniversary of Quaid-e-<(am 511th sep7 ?irth <nniversay of <llama .- al 5*th nov7 ?irth <nniversary of Quaid-e-<(am 52$th dec7

.n addition@ 3he govt of pa#istan notifies holidays on 8id-ul-1itr and 8id -ulC(ha@<shura Muharram and 8id Milad-un-Da i according to islamic Calendar

6ress 0rgani(ation of pa#istan

1B 2B 3B "B <6DS 9 <ll-6a#istan Dews <gency 61CF 9 6a#istan 1ederal Cnion of Founalists <6D8C 9 <ll-6a#istan Dews 8mployees Confederation D8C6 9 Dewspapers 8ditors Council of 6a#istan

D84S <A8DC.8S 01 6<%.S3<D 1B 2B 3B "B <66 9 <ssociated 6ress of 6a#istan .D6 9 .ndependent Dews of 6a#istan .6S 9 .slama ad 6ress Service 66. 9 6a#istan 6ress .nternational

More .nformation of pa#istan

L Syed <hmed #han wrote H %hut at-i-<hmadiya H on 1)&* in reply to william muirIs H /ife of MohammadH L Sir syed retired from service in 1*'& L 3he total area of pa#istan is '*&+*& s-uare #ilometres 53+'3'" s- mi 7 L 3here are 2' divisions and 1+) districts in pa#istan L 3he total num er of primary schools are 1&*@+)'@middle schools are 1*1)+ and high schools are 131+)B L 3he num er of registered doctors are *22")@ Durses are "+11" and ;entists are "&22B L 3he first postage stamp of pa#istan issued on *th ,uly@ 1*") L 3he first census of pa#istan was conducted on *th fe @1*$1

L AenB <yu #han too# over as the president on 1'th fe Eahya #han too# over on 31st marB1*&*B L 666 was founded y :< hutto on 3+th nov@1*&'B

@1*&+ and AenB < M

L 3he 1*'3 Constitution of pa#istan promulgated on 12th april@ 1*'3B L ;rB < dul Salam was awarded Do el 6eace 6ri(e in 6hysics on 1$th oct@1*'*B PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

1oriegn policy of pa#istan

1B1oriegn policy 2B6rinciples of 6a#istan foriegn policy 3BS.M important phases of pa#istan policy "B2elation of pa#istan and Super power 5CS<7 $B2elation of pa#istan and 2ussia &B2elation with .slamic world 52elation with <fghanistan@.ran@3ur#ey@Saudiara @?angladesh7 'B.mportance of #ashmir pro lem in indo-pa# relation )B.mportance of foriegn policy *B6a#istan and 0.C@S<<2C@D<M and 8C0

DA:# A<D @A11AG*#

;4NGI ;$/;o,ngi ;am 0;ungi ;am1 is a dam& lo"ated 2 'ilometers nort,west o+ Gu9ar *,an in .awalpindi& -a'istan. G#$3I B$.)T#$ ;$/G,azi Barot,a ;am is lo"ated on Indus .i6er in -a'istan. G,azi Barot,a #ydroele"tri" pro9e"t is lo"ated around 1BB 'm +rom Islama%ad. It in6ol6ed t,e "onstru"tion o+ a partial ri6er di6ersion at G,azi Barot,a& E 'm downstream +rom t,e Tar%ela ;am. T,e %arrage di6erts water into a @2 'm concrete?lined ",annel and deli6ers it to t,e 1&D@B/7 power,ouse at Barot,a. T,is is +urt,er downstream& near t,e "on+luen"e o+ t,e Indus and #aro ri6ers. In t,is rea", t,e Indus .i6er drops %y EF m wit,in a distan"e o+ FG 'm. $+ter passing t,roug, t,e power,ouse& di6erted water is returned to t,e Indus. In addition to t,ese main wor's& transmission lines stret", GDB 'm. G)/$L ;$/Gomal ;am is lo"ated on Gomal ri6er in (out, 7aziristan& N7 -& -a'istan. G)/$L 3$/ ;$/ -.)J!CTGomal 3am ;am -ro9e"t is lo"ated in ;amaan area o+ N7 -&

-a'istan. Gomal .i6er& on w,i", a DGE +eet ,ig, Gomal 3am ;am will %e %uilt& is one o+ t,e signi+i"ant tri%utaries o+ Indus .i6er. It is planned to irrigate a%out 1FG&BBB a"res o+ land. T,e total pro9e"ts "osts amounts to .s. 12 %illion. It will %e a .oller "ompa"ted "on"rete dam& ,a6ing a gross storage o+ 1.1D /$ . It will produ"e 1E.D /7 o+ ele"tri"ity w,en "ompleted. $ppro2imately .s. D.G88 %illion "ontra"ts +or t,e "onstru"tion o+ Gomal 3am ;am -ro9e"t was awarded to /essers C7#!C ? #-!& a 9oint 6enture o+ two C,inese +irms in $ugust 2BB2. G4;;4 B$..$G!Guddu Barrage is a %arrage a"ross ri6er Indus& near (u''ur in -a'istan. -resident (i'ander /irza laid +oundation?stone o+ t,e Guddu Barrage on e%ruary 2& 1C@E. T,e %arrage was "ompleted in 1CF2. $t t,e time o+ its "onstru"tion it ,as ma2imum design dis",arge o+ 1.2 million "u%i" +eet per se"ond 0GD&BBB mKLs1. It is a gate?"ontrolled weir type %arrage wit, a na6igation lo"'. T,e %arrage ,as FD %ays& ea", FB +eet 018 m1 wide. T,e ma2imum +lood le6el ,eig,t o+ Guddu %arrage is 2F +eet 08 m1. It "ontrols irrigation supplies to 2.C million a"res 012&BBB 'mM1 o+ agri"ultural lands in t,e Ja"o%a%ad& Lar'ana and (u''ur distri"ts o+ (ind, and t,e Nasira%ad distri"t o+ Balo",istan. T,e "ost o+ t,e pro9e"t was DED.8 million rupees. It +eeds G,ot'i eeder& Begari eeder& ;esert and -at eeder "anals. #4B ;$/#u% ;am is a large water storage reser6oir "onstru"ted in 1C81 on t,e #u% .i6er on t,e arid plains nort, o+ *ara",i on pro6in"ial %order %etween Balo",istan and (ind,& -a'istan. T,e reser6oir supplies water +or irrigation in Las%ela ;istri"t o+ Balo",istan and drin'ing water +or t,e "ity o+ *ara",i. It is an important staging and wintering area +or an appre"ia%le num%er o+ water%irds and "ontains a 6ariety o+ +is, spe"ies w,i", in"rease in a%undan"e during periods o+ ,ig, water. T,e /a,seer 0Tor putitora1& an indigenous ri6erine +is, +ound in t,e #u% .i6er& "an grow up to C +eet in lengt, and more t,an 11B l%s. T,e #u% reser6oir "an grow up to G2 s>uare miles and pro6ides +or e2"ellent angling. *$L$B$G# ;$/T,e *ala%ag, dam is a mega water reser6oir t,at Go6ernment o+ -a'istan planning to de6elop a"ross t,e Indus .i6er& one o+ t,e world<s largest ri6ers. T,e proposed site +or t,e dam is situated at *ala%ag, in /ianwali ;istri"t o+ t,e nort,west -un9a% pro6in"e& %ordering N7 -. T,e dam pro9e"t is a ,ig,ly "ontro6ersial and ,as %een so sin"e its in"eption. In ;e"em%er 2BB@& General -er6ez /us,arra+& w,o %e"ame t,e -resident o+ -a'istan a+ter a 1CCC "oup& announ"ed t,at ,e would de+initely %uild t,e dam in t,e larger interest o+ -a'istan. #istoryT,e region o+ *ala%ag, was on"e an autonomous 9agir 0+eudal estate1 wit,in -un9a%. It was anne2ed %y t,e (i',s in 1822. $+ter t,e Britis, anne2ed t,e -un9a%& t,e Nawa% o+ *ala%ag, was granted t,e 9agir o+ *ala%ag,& in re"ognition o+ ,is ser6i"es to t,e Britis, .a9. $""ording to t,e -C?II o+ t,e -ro9e"t& *ala Bag, dam was initiated %y G)- in 1C@G& and until 1CEG& t,e pro9e"t was %asi"ally "onsidered as a storage pro9e"t +or meeting t,e irrigation needs& and "onse>uently& rapid in"reases in t,e "ost o+ energy ,a6e greatly en,an"ed t,e priority o+ t,e dam as a power pro9e"t.

T,e pro9e"t<s paperwor' was +inalized in /ar",& 1C8D& wit, t,e assistan"e o+ t,e 4nited Nations ;e6elopment ProgrammeH super6ised %y t,e 7orld Ban'& +or t,e "lient 7ater and -ower ;e6elopment $ut,ority 07$-;$1 o+ -a'istan. Contro6ersyT,e proposed "onstru"tion o+ t,e *ala%ag, ;am triggered an e2tremely %itter "ontro6ersy among t,e +our pro6in"es o+ -a'istan& namely -un9a%& (ind,& Nort,?7est rontier -ro6in"e& and Balo",istan. T,e only pro6in"e w,i", is in +a6or o+ t,is dam& is -un9a% t,at is t,e most strong among all +our pro6in"es& as usually t,e go6ernment is mainly "entralized in it. T,e ot,er t,ree pro6in"es ,a6e e2pressed e2treme dissatis+a"tion& going so +ar as to ,a6e t,eir pro6in"ial assem%lies pass unanimous resolutions "ondemning t,e proposed dam. #en"e& t,e pro9e"t is still under "onsideration. T,e delay is also %eing "aused %y t,e +a"t t,at a""ording to international water distri%ution law& t,e tailender ,as a legal and natural rig,t on ri6er and t,at is w,y no mega "onstru"tion or reser6oir "an %e %uilt wit,out permission and endorsement o+ t,e tail ender i.e. (ind,. In t,e "ase w,ere t,e tail ender is not using water i.e. %uilding a water reser6oir& a reser6oir "an %e made upstream. Impa"t assessments o+ t,e proposed dam ,a6e s,own t,at w,ile it will pro6ide storage and ele"tri"ity& t,e dam will also ,a6e ad6erse impa"ts on t,e en6ironment& as "an %e e2pe"ted +rom any large dam. It will also displa"e a large num%er o+ people. 7,ile proponents point to t,e %ene+its& t,e ad6erse +a"tors ,a6e %een played up %y t,e opponents o+ t,e dam. $s a result& t,e dam ,as %een stalled %y "laims and "ounter"laims sin"e 1C8D. T,e "ontro6ersy "an %e %est understood %y loo'ing at t,e 6iewpoints o+ ea", o+ t,e +our pro6in"es. -un9a% 6iewpoint -un9a% N t,e granary o+ -a'istan ? desperately needs more water to 'eep up wit, t,e growing population and industrial demands on its agri"ulture. $ dam at *ala%ag, would also supply cheap ,ydroele"tri" power.The annual out+low o+ water into t,e $ra%ian (ea is "onsidered a OwasteO in -un9a%& w,i", +eels t,at water "an %e used to irrigate -a'istani infertile lands. -un9a% wants not 9ust *ala%ag,& %ut also two more large dams on t,e Indus& at B,as,a and ('arduL*atzara,. It +eels t,at t,e *ala%ag, site is t,e most +a6oura%le& "ompared to t,e ot,er two& and t,at it s,ould %e %uilt +irst. (ind, 6iewpoint (ind,& t,e +irst pro6in"e to point *B; pro9e"t a %lame game& is t,e lower riparian and strongest opponent o+ *B;. But its "ase mainly against -un9a% is more on a "on"eptual %asis o+ w,at (ind, t,oug,t to %e Ot,e+t o+ water %y -un9a%O rat,er t,an lo"ating an a"tual in"ident o+ t,e+t. (ind, supports its argument %y stating t,at %y 6irtue o+ its name and ,istory o+ water rig,ts o+ t,e pro6in"e& Indus .i6er %elongs e2"lusi6ely to (ind,. T,ere+ore& "laiming t,e "onstru"tion o+ dams& Tar%ela and /angla and now *B; a"tions o+ t,e+t o+ water at t,e irrigation cost o+ (ind,. urt,er& (ind, presents many o%9e"tions against t,e proposed dam. (ome o+ t,ese o%9e"tions are as +ollowsP (ind, o%9e"ts t,at t,eir s,are o+ t,e Indus water will %e "urtailed as water +rom t,e *ala%ag, will go to irrigate +armlands in -un9a% and N7 -& at t,eir "ost. (ind,is ,old t,at t,eir rig,ts as t,e

lower riparian ,a6e pre"eden"e a""ording to international water distri%ution law. T,e "oastal regions o+ (ind, re>uire a "onstant +low o+ water down t,e Indus into t,e $ra%ian (ea so t,at t,e +lowing water "an 'eep t,e seawater +rom intruding inland. (u", seawater intrusion would literally turn 6ast areas o+ (ind,<s "oast into an arid saline desert& and destroy (ind,<s "oastal mangro6es. 7it, t,e "onstru"tion o+ dams& su", as /angla ;am and Tar%ela ;am a"ross t,e Indus& (ind,is ,a6e seen t,e on"e?mig,ty Indus turned into a s,adow o+ its +ormer glory downstream o+ t,e *otri Barrage up to #ydera%ad. T,ey +ear t,at t,ere simply is not enoug, water +or anot,er large dam a"ross t,e Indus& let alone t,ree. T,e *ala%ag, site is lo"ated in a ,ig,ly seismi" zone near an a"ti6e +ault& and t,e underlying ro"'s are li'ely to "ontain numerous +ra"tures& "ausing t,e reser6oir water to seep t,roug, t,e "ata"om% o+ +ra"tures and dis",arge at t,e lowest point around t,e reser6oir and t,e Indus .i6er. ;amming t,e Indus ,as already "aused a num%er o+ en6ironmental pro%lems t,at ,a6e not yet addressed. (ilt deposited in t,e proposed *ala%ag, dam would +urt,er "urtail t,e water storage "apa"ity o+ /an",ar La'e and ot,er la'es and o+ wetlands li'e #ale9i La'e. -resident General /us,arra+ and ot,er leaders& su", as -rime /inister (,au'at $ziz& ,a6e promised Qiron?"lad< "onstitutional guarantees to ensure t,at (ind, gets its +air s,are o+ water. #owe6er& t,ese assuran"es mean little to most (ind,is& w,o point out t,at e6en t,e earlier 1CC1 Indus 7ater?(,aring $""ord& w,i", is a do"ument already guaranteed %y t,e "onstitutional %ody& t,e Coun"il o+ Common Interests& ,as %een 6iolated& and t,at -un9a% ,as RstolenO t,eir water. T,e o%9e"tion to *ala%ag, in (ind, is widespread. !6en politi"al parties o+ (ind, t,at are in t,e "entral "a%inet and are supported %y General /us,arra+& su", as t,e /5/& ,a6e strongly denoun"ed t,e dam. N7 - 6iewpoint T,e N7 - ,as two main o%9e"tions to t,e dam. 7,ile t,e reser6oir will %e in t,e N7 -& t,e dam<s ele"tri"ity?generating tur%ines will %e 9ust a"ross t,e pro6in"ial %order in -un9a%. T,ere+ore& -un9a% would get royalties +rom t,e "entral go6ernment in Islama%ad +or generating ele"tri"ity. Contrary to t,is& ,owe6er& -un9a% ,as agreed not to a""ept any royalties +rom t,e *ala%ag, ;am. T,e +a"t t,at t,e N7 - will su++er t,e ad6erse "onse>uen"es o+ t,e reser6oir %ut not get royalties is seen as un+air. Con"erns t,at large areas o+ Nows,era distri"t would %e su%merged %y t,e dam and e6en wider areas would su++er +rom waterlogging and salinity as ,as o""urred wit, t,e Tar%ela ;am. Balo",istan 6iewpoint T,e dam does not dire"tly a++e"t t,e Balo", as su",. .at,er& most nationalist Balo", (ardars sees t,e dam as anot,er instan"e o+ -un9a% lording it o6er t,e smaller pro6in"es. By opposing t,e dam t,ey are signaling t,eir disa++e"tion wit, %eing t,e poorest pro6in"e and most negle"ted o+ all in de6elopment. In reality Balo",istan "an only get more water and its due s,are a+ter t,e "onstru"tion o+ *ala%ag, dam and *a",,i "anal. T,e Common /an<s Viewpoint /a9ority o+ people o+ -a'istan are against t,e "onstru"tion *ala%ag, dam& as its "onstru"tion "an pro6e a danger to sustain t,e uni+i"ation o+ pro6in"es under t,e name <-a'istan<. T,e only people w,o want t,e "onstru"tion o+ *ala%ag, dam "an %e "lassi+ied into two groupsP T,e +irst is t,e ,ig, ran'ed o++i"ers o+ -a'istan army& w,o will %e granted +armlands to %e irrigated %y *ala%ag,

dam a+ter t,e retirements 0in +a"t t,ese are t,e most power+ul supporters o+ dam1. T,e se"ond group is t,e politi"al leaders o+ -un9a%H sin"e t,e issue ,as turned out %e a war %etween (ind, and -un9a%& so %y +a6ouring t,e "onstru"tion o+ ;am& -un9a%i politi"ians "an maintain t,eir 6ote? %an'. T,e only reason w,y -resident -er6aiz /us,ara+ +a6ours *ala%,g, dam is %e"ause ,e needs t,e support o+ -un9a% to sustain ,is di"tators,ip in t,e "ountry. $ll t,e Qoppressed< pro6in"es 0(ind,& N7 - and Balo",istan1 o+ t,e "ountry ,as already e2pressed a ,uge "on"ern o6er t,e "onstru"tion o+ dam& spe"ially in (ind, w,ere e6ery single street ,as o%ser6ed t,e protest against t,e dam. T,e people o+ t,ese oppressed pro6in"es do not %elie6e in any guarantee +rom Q-un9a%iz< -a'istani go6ernment as it ,as already done many de"isions against t,e "onstitutionLtreaties& +or e2ample& t,e regulation o+ water in C,as,ma?Je,lem lin' "anal. $nalysis /ost independent analysts %elie6e t,at t,e +oremost pro%lem wit, t,e proposed dam at *ala%ag, is one o+ a trust de+i"it %etween t,e -un9a% on one side and t,e ot,er t,ree pro6in"es on t,e ot,er. T,e noted "olumnist& $yaz $mir suggested t,at t,e people o+ -un9a% s,ould rede+ine t,eir assumptions a%out t,e rest o+ -a'istan and distri%ution o+ resour"es. $ layman o+ -un9a% does not understand w,y t,e rest o+ -a'istan does not trust -un9a%. T,e answer& a""ording to $mir& lies in t,e +re>uent "oups staged %y t,e -a'istan $rmy 0w,i", is o6erw,elmingly -un9a%i in its "omposition1& as well as t,e $rmy<s e2tra?"onstitutional inter6ention and in+luen"e in pu%li" se"tor and "i6il institutions o+ t,e "ountry in general and (ind, in parti"ular. Now no pro6in"e is ready to trust t,e -un9a%. $ll -a'istanis agree t,at -a'istan +a"es a se6ere water s,ortage& and t,at some +orm o+ water management must %e implemented soon. /any point out t,at e6en i+ wor' on *ala%ag, were to start tomorrow& it would still ta'e at least eig,t years to "omplete and "ommission su", a large dam. In t,e meantime& t,e water situation would "ontinue to worsen. (maller dams& %arrages& and "anals must %e %uilt %e+ore t,at& and water "onser6ation te",ni>ues introdu"ed. T,e 7$-;$ +or years repeatedly ",anged its statisti"s on t,e dam& to t,e point w,ere no?one in -a'istan now %elie6es any o+ its +igures. Go6ernment o+ -a'istan +ormed a te",ni"al "ommittee& ,eaded %y $. N. G. $%%asi& to study t,e te",ni"al merits o+ t,e *ala%ag, dam 6is?S?6is t,e ot,er two. T,e +our?6olume te",ni"al report "on"luded t,at B,as,a or *atzara, dam s,ould %e %uilt %e+ore *ala%ag,& +urt,er "ompli"ating matters. To ma'e matters e6en more "omple2& t,e report also stated t,at *ala%ag, and B,as,a ;ams "ould %e "onsidered +easi%le. T,e a%rupt way in w,i", -resident General /us,arra+ announ"ed t,e de"ision to %uild t,e dam& simply o6erruling t,e o%9e"tions o+ t,e smaller states& ,as s,arply polarised pu%li" opinion. In -un9a% t,e 6iew is one o+ R...its ,ig, timeTO w,ile in t,e ot,er states& espe"ially (ind,& t,e rea"tion ,as %een one o+ R...o6er my dead %odyTU. T,e +a"t t,at t,e General literally dragged so "ontro6ersial an issue o++ t,e %a"'%urner and t,rust it into national "entre stage wit,out "onsidering t,e predi"ta%le rea"tions +rom t,e smaller pro6in"es ,as le+t many ag,ast. /u", ,as %een said in t,e press& and t,e issue is still +ar +rom %eing resol6ed. *$.))NJ#$. ;$/

*aroon9,ar ;am is a dam in T,arpar'ar& (ind,& -a'istan. /$NGL$ ;$/ $s per t,e Indus 7aters Treaty signed in 1CFB& India gained rig,ts +or t,e .a6i& (utle9 and Beas ri6ers& w,ile -a'istan& in addition to waters o+ a%o6e t,ree ri6ers in ,er area and some monetary "ompensation& got rig,ts to de6elop t,e J,elum& C,ena% and Indus ri6er %asins. 4ntil 1CFE& t,e entire irrigation system o+ -a'istan was +ully dependent on unregulated +lows o+ t,e Indus and its ma9or tri%utaries. T,e agri"ultural yield was 6ery low +or a num%er o+ reasons& t,e most important %eing a la"' o+ water during "riti"al growing periods. T,is pro%lem stemmed +rom t,e seasonal 6ariations in t,e ri6er +low and t,e a%sen"e o+ storage reser6oirs to "onser6e t,e 6ast amounts o+ surplus water during periods o+ ,ig, ri6er dis",arge. T,e /angla ;am was t,e +irst de6elopment pro9e"t underta'en to redu"e t,is s,ort"oming and strengt,en t,e irrigation system. T,e dam was damaged partially during an Indian $ir or"e %om%ing in t,e Indo?-a'istani 7ar o+ 1CE1 w,en t,e ,ydel pro9e"t was ,it %y t,e %om%s. T,e /angla ;am pro9e"t T,e /angla ;am& t,e twel+t, largest dam and t,ird largest eart,?+illed dam in t,e world& is only 11@ 'm sout,east o+ .awalpindi. )ne ,as to turn le+t +rom ;ina Town and t,e dam on ri6er J,elum is a%out 1D 'm to t,e east. It was "onstru"ted in 1CFE a"ross t,e J,elum .i6er& a%out 1BB miles sout,east o+ t,e +ederal "apital& Islama%ad. T,e main stru"tures o+ t,e dam in"lude D em%an'ment dams& 2 spillways& @ power?"um?irrigation tunnels and a power station. T,e main dam is 1B&GBB +eet long and D@D +eet ,ig, 0a%o6e "ore tren",1 wit, a reser6oir o+ CE.E s>uare miles. (in"e its +irst impounding in 1CFE& sedimentation ,as o""urred to t,e e2tent o+ 1.1G /$ & and t,e present gross storage "apa"ity ,as de"lined to D.E@ /$ +rom t,e a"tual design o+ @.88 /$ . T,e li6e "apa"ity ,as de"lined to D.@8 /$ +rom @.GD /$ . T,is implies a redu"tion o+ 1C.22V in t,e "apa"ity o+ t,e dam. T,e pro9e"t was designed primarily to in"rease t,e amount o+ water t,at "ould %e used +or irrigation +rom t,e +low o+ t,e J,elum and its tri%utaries. Its se"ondary +un"tion was to generate ele"tri"al power +rom t,e irrigation releases at t,e arti+i"ial ,ead o+ t,e reser6oir. T,e pro9e"t was not designed as a +lood "ontrol stru"ture& alt,oug, some %ene+it in t,is respe"t also arises +rom its use +or irrigation and water supply. In t,e "entre o+ t,e dam t,ere is a Ga'',ar ort +rom w,ere one "an ,a6e a panorami" 6iew o+ t,e la'e. /I.$NI ;$/ /irani ;am is lo"ated in Gwadar ;istri"t& Balo",istan& -a'istan. /irani ;am multipurpose pro9e"t& is lo"ated on ;as,t .i6er& a%out GB miles west o+ Tur%at in /a'ran ;i6ision o+ Balo",istan& it en6isages pro6ision o+ dependa%le irrigation supplies +or t,e de6elopment re+ irrigated agri"ulture on t,e two %an's o+ t,e ri6er. T,e pro9e"t ,a6e %een "ompleted in No6em%er 2BBF and inaugurated %y president -er6aiz o+ -a'istan. (#$*I;). ;$/ T,e (,a'idor 0(,adi *or1 dam is lo"ated near -asni& in t,e Balo",istan pro6in"e o+ sout, west

-a'istan& 1&CBB 'm 01&18B miles1 +rom Islama%ad and ,as a lengt, o+ a%out 1D8 meters 0D8@ +eet1. It was %uilt in 2BBG& at a "ost o+ D@ million rupees 0E@8&8@G dollars1& to pro6ide irrigation water to t,e near%y +arms. )n e%ruary 1B& 2BB@& t,e dam %urst under t,e pressure o+ a wee's< wort, o+ rain& 'illing at least EB 6illagers and dragging t,eir %odies to t,e $ra%ian (ea. T,e -a'istani military was sent into emergen"y (ear", and .es"ue operations& sa6ing 1&2BB people %ut still ,a6ing to a""ount +or o6er DBB missing. (4**$. B$..$G! T,e (u''ur %arrage is a %arrage a"ross t,e Indus ri6er near t,e "ity o+ (u''ur& -a'istan. It was %uilt during t,e Britis, .a9 +rom 1C2G to 1CG2 as t,e Lloyd Barrage to ,elp alle6iate +amines "aused %y la"' o+ rain. T,e %arrage ena%les water to +low t,roug, w,at was originally a F1FF? mile long networ' o+ "anals& +eeding t,e largest irrigation system in t,e world& wit, more t,an @ million a"res 02B&BBB 'mM1 o+ irrigated land. T,e retaining wall ,as si2ty?si2 spans& ea", FB +eet wideH ea", span ,as a gate w,i", weig,s @B tons. T$.B!L$ ;$/ Tar%ela ;am 0or t,e National ;am1& t,e world<s largest eart,?+illed dam on one o+ t,e world<s most important ri6ers ? t,e Indus?& is 1BG 'm +rom .awalpindi near #aripur ;istri"t. It is a ma9or sour"e o+ -a'istan<s total ,ydroele"tri" "apa"ity. Tar%ela ;am is part o+ t,e Indus Basin -ro9e"t& w,i", resulted +rom a water treaty signed in 1CFB %etween India and -a'istan& guaranteeing -a'istan water supplies independent o+ upstream "ontrol %y India. Constru"tion %egan in 1CF8& and was "ompleted in 1CEF at a "ost o+ .s.18.@ %illion. )6er 1@&BBB -a'istani and 8BB +oreign wor'ers and engineers wor'ed during its "onstru"tion. It is t,e %iggest ,ydel power station in -a'istan ,a6ing a "apa"ity o+ generating G&DE8 /7 o+ ele"tri"ity. T,e dam ,as a 6olume o+ 1G8&FBB&BBB "u%i" yards 01BF&BBB&BBB mK1. 7it, a reser6oir "apa"ity o+ 11&BC8&BBB a"re?+eet 01G.FC 'mK1& t,e dam is DFC +eet 01DG m1 ,ig, and 8&CCE +eet 02&EDG m1 wide at its "rest w,ile total area o+ t,e la'e is 2FB s>.'m. It ,elps to maintain t,e +low o+ t,e Indus during seasonal +lu"tuations. $ new& smaller ,ydroele"tri" power pro9e"t ,as %een de6eloped downstream 'nown as t,e G,azi Barot,a #ydel -ower -ro9e"t. It is solely +or generating ele"tri"ity and ,as a water ",annel wit, t,e ,ig,est +low in t,e world. 7,ile t,e dam ,as +ul+illed its purpose in storing water +or agri"ultural use in -a'istan& t,ere ,a6e %een en6ironmental "onse>uen"es to t,e Indus ri6er delta. .edu"tions o+ seasonal +looding and redu"ed water +lows to t,e delta ,a6e de"reased mangro6e stands and t,e a%undan"e o+ some +is, spe"ies. -ermits are re>uired +or 6isiting t,e ;am. -lease "onta"t -u%li" .elations )++i"er 0-.)1& 7ater and -ower ;e6elopment $ut,ority 07$-;$1& Tar%ela 0TelP B@1?@F8CD1?21. $ No?)%9e"tion Certi+i"ate 0N)C1 +rom t,e /inistry o+ Interior 0(,a,eed?e?/illat (e"tt.1& Islama%ad is also re>uired +or +oreign 6isitors. ;I$/!.?B#$(#$ ;$/

;iamer?B,as,a ;am is t,e name o+ a dam t,at ,as %een planned in t,e Nort,ern $reas o+ -a'istan on t,e .i6er Indus. It is lo"ated a%out G1D 'm upstream o+ Tar%ela ;am and a%out 1F@ 'm downstream o+ Gilgit. T,e dam is e2pe"ted to "reate a large reser6oir wit, a gross "apa"ity o+ E.G million?a"re +eet 0C 'mK1 su%merging large tra"ts o+ land in t,e ;iamer distri"t. T,e dam is supposed to ,a6e a power generation "apa"ity o+ G.GFB megawatts and is e2pe"ted to "onsidera%le ease up t,e s'ewed ,ydro to t,ermal power generation ratio in -a'istan. It is e2pe"ted t,at t,e detailed drawings o+ t,e dam would %e "ompleted %y /ar", 2BB8& immediately a+ter w,i", "onstru"tion wor' s,all %egin. T$N;$ ;$/ 0.$/($. (IT!1 Tanda ;am is l"ated in *o,at ;istri"t& Nort,?7est rontier -ro6in"e& -a'istan. T,e site "omprises a small water storage area in semi?arid ,ills in t,e "at",ments o+ t,e *o,at Toi .i6er. $lt,oug, most o+ t,e s,oreline is steep& stony and de6oid o+ a>uati" 6egetation& at t,e west end t,ere are some areas o+ gently s,el6ing muddy s,ores wit, a small amount o+ emergent 6egetation. N$/$L ;$/ Namal La'e is lo"ated in one "orner o+ t,e Namal 6alley in /ianwali& -un9a%& -a'istan. T,is la'e was "reated w,en Namal ;am was "onstru"ted in 1C1G. Namal ;am is situated some G2 'm +rom /ianwali "ity. Namal La'e spread o6er @.@ s> 'm& in Namal 6alley. T,ere are mountains on its western and sout,ern sides. )n t,e ot,er two sides are agri"ultural areas. N$/$L dam is situated some G2 */ +rom /ianwali "ity. T,is dam is 6ery old. Britis, Go6ernment "onstru"ted it. 7,en /ianwali %e"ame ;istri"t t,en t,e distri"t go6ernment %uildings were "onstru"ted using water stored in Namal La'e +rom t,is Namal ;am. In 1C1G& Britis, engineers& to meet t,e s"ar"ity o+ irrigation and drin'ing water& %uilt a dam on t,is la'e and +rom ,ere t,ey irrigated lands up to /ianwali "ity. But wit, t,e passage o+ time and "onstru"tion o+ T,al Canal and installation o+ tu%e wells& its utility o+ water s>ueezed up to some limit. T,e gates o+ t,e dam are repaired %y t,e irrigation department regularly %ut wit,out ent,usiasm. T,e ,ill torrents and rains +ill t,e Namal La'e round t,e year. ;ue to a droug,t?li'e situation in t,e "ountry& t,is la'e dried up last year& w,i", is t,e +irst in"ident o+ its 'ind during t,e last 1BB years& said one o+ t,e senior in,a%itants o+ t,is area. $n engineer told t,is "orrespondent t,at t,e name o+ Namal ;am still e2ists on t,e list o+ dams in t,e world. Namal La'e is an ideal a%ode +or t,e migratory %irds in winter season w,en t,ousands o+ water+owls& in"luding .ussian du"'s and (i%erian "ranes& land in t,e la'e water. ;ue to t,e apat,y o+ t,e wildli+e department& t,ese guest %irds are rut,lessly 'illed %y poa",ers. To sa6e t,ese %irds& t,e wildli+e department must de"lare t,is la'e a san"tuary. T,ere is %eauti+ul sulp,ur water +ountain near t,e Numal dam site.-eople use t,is water +or treatment o+ di++erent diseases.T,is sulp,ur water +ountain is 6ery old %ut e6en t,en t,e +low rate o+ water is same .I+ go6ernment ta'e "are and gi6e attention to t,is +ountain t,en t,is "an %e a great sour"e o+ sulp,ur.By drying t,e water you "an get a good >uality sulp,ur +rom ,ere. *$N-4. ;$/

*,anpur ;am is a dam lo"ated on t,e #aro .i6er near t,e town o+ *,anpur& a%out 2@ miles +rom Islama%ad& -a'istan. It +orms *,anpur La'e& a reser6oir w,i", supplies drin'ing water to Islama%ad and .awalpindi and irrigation water to many o+ t,e agri"ultural and industrial areas surrounding t,e "ities. T,e dam was named +rom t,e +ormer *,anpur 6illage& w,i", was su%merged %y t,e reser6oir& so a new *,anpur town ,as %een %uilt downstream o+ t,e ;am. T,e dam was "ompleted in 1C8G a+ter a 1@?year "onstru"tion period %elie6ed to ,a6e "ost .s. 1&G@2 million. It is 1FE +eet ,ig, and stores 11B&BBB a"re?+eet o+ water. /I(.I)T ;$/ /isriot dam is lo"ated 12 'm sout,west o+ .awalpindi. T,is small dam ,as an arti+i"ial la'e wit, %oating and +is,ing +a"ilities. is,ing permit may %e o%tained +rom +is,ing guard at /isriot. It ,as a pleasant lands"ape and wal'ways %eyond t,e la'e among eruptions o+ %la"' ro"'s. T$N$3$ ;$/ It is a small dam lo"ated at a%out G@ *m sout,west o+ .awalpindi on ;,amial .oad. Ideal +or a day trip& t,e la'e ,as a >uiet atmosp,ere. 7$.($* ;$/ T,e gignati" multi?purpose 7arsa' ;am is situated GB 'ms nort,?west o+ -es,awar in t,e ,eart o+ tri%al territory. It ,as a total generating "apa"ity o+ 2DB&BBB 'w and will e6entually ser6e to irrigate 11B&BBB a"res o+ land. T$4N($ B$..$G! Taunsa Barrage is lo"ated on Indus ri6er in -un9a%& -a'istan. T,e Taunsa Barrage was "ompleted in 1C@8& and it ,as %een identi+ied as t,e %arrage wit, t,e ,ig,est priority +or re,a%ilitation. It re>uires urgent measures to a6oid se6ere e"onomi" and so"ial impa"ts on t,e li6es o+ millions o+ poor +armers t,roug, interruption o+ irrigation on two million a"res 08&BBB 'mM1 and drin'ing water in t,e rural areas o+ sout,ern -un9a%& %ene+iting se6eral million +armers. In 2BBG& t,e 7orld Ban' ,as appro6ed a W12G million loan to -a'istan to re,a%ilitate t,e Taunsa Barrage on t,e .i6er Indus w,ose stru"ture ,ad %een damaged owing to soil erosions and old? age. T,is pro9e"t will ensure irrigation o+ t,e "ulti6ated lands in t,e area o+ t,e /uza++argar, and ;era G,azi *,an "anals& and t,roug, t,e Taunsa?-an9nad Lin' Canal t,at supplements t,e water supply to -an9nad ,eadwor's "anals. T$4N($ B$..$G! 0.$/($. (IT!1 Taunsa Barrage wetland site is lo"ated 2B 'm nort,west o+ *ot $du& /uza++argar, ;istri"t& -un9a%& -a'istan. T,e rare mar%led teal /armaronetta angustirostris is a regular passage migrant and winter 6isitor in small num%ers. T,e rare Indus dolp,in -latanista minor and otter Lutra perspi"illata are present in t,e ri6er in small num%ers. T,e site +orms a 6ery important wintering area +or water%irds& 0nota%ly $natidae1& and a %reeding area +or se6eral spe"ies& nota%ly ;endro"ygna 9a6ani"a& and a staging area +or "ertain "ranes 0Grus grus and $nt,ropoides 6irgo1 and

s,ore%irds. ;endro"ygna 9a6ani"a is a "ommon %reeding summer 6isitor wit, G2@ "ounted in $ugust 1CC@. )6er 2D&BBB water%irds were present in mid?January 1C8E& in"ludingP F2B -,ala"ro"ora2 niger& EC $nser indi"us& 2&E8B $nas penelope& EEB $. strepera& D&88B $. "re""a& 2EB $. platyr,yn",os& 1&FFB $. a"uta& GCB $. "lypeata& D&FCB $yt,ya +erina& @G $nt,ropoides 6irgo& 1@B -orp,yrio porp,yrio and E&@1B uli"a atra& along wit, +ewer num%ers o+ Ta",y%aptus ru+i"ollis& Tadorna tadorna& /armaronetta angustirostris& Netta ru+ina& $yt,ya +uligula& #ydrop,asianus ",irurgus& #imantopus ,imantopus and Numenius ar>uata. T,e wetland was +irst de"lared as a 7ildli+e (an"tuary o+ F&@FE ,a in 1CE2& t,e (an"tuary was re?listed in $pril 1C8G& t,en in July 1C88 and su%se>uently in /ar", 1CCG. It ,as %een proposed t,at t,e Indus .i6er +rom Taunsa Barrage upstream to *ala%ag, and downstream to Guddu Barrage %e de"lared as a 7orld #eritage (ite +or t,e Indus dolp,in -latanista minor. C#$(#/$ B$..$G! 0.$/($. (IT!1 C,as,ma Barrage wetland site is lo"ated Indus /onsoon orest& some 2@ 'm sout,west o+ /ianwali& -un9a%& -a'istan. T,e site is "omprised o+ a large %arrage& a water storage reser6oir and a series o+ em%an'ments 0ser6ing as +lood %ounds1 w,i", di6ide t,e reser6oir into +i6e s,allow la'es at low water le6els. T,e site is "omprised o+ a large %arrage& a water storage reser6oir and a series o+ em%an'ments 0ser6ing as +lood %ounds1 w,i", di6ide t,e reser6oir into +i6e s,allow la'es at low water le6els. T,e a>uati" 6egetation "onsists o+ #ydrilla 6erti"illata& Nelum%ium spe"iosum& Nymp,aea lotus& Typ,a angustata& Typ,a elep,antina& -,ragmites australis& -otamogeton "rispus?/yriop,yllum sp.?Nymp,oides "ristatum& -otamogeton pe"tinatus& (a"",arum spontaneum& Vallisneria spiralis and 3anni",ellia palustris. T,e natural 6egetation o+ t,e region is a mi2ture o+ su%tropi"al semi? e6ergreen s"ru% and tropi"al t,orn +orest. (pe"ies in"lude )lea +erruginea& $"a"ia modesta& $. niloti"a& $d,atoda 6asi"a& ;odonaea 6is"osa& Gymnosporia sp.& -rosopis "ineraria& .eptonia %u2i+olia& (al6adora oleoides& Tamari2 ap,ylla& T. dioi"a& 3izip,us mauritania& 3. nummularia& C,rysopogon au",eri& Lasiurus ,irsutus& #eteropogon "ontortus and -ani"um antidotale. -rosopis glandulosa ,as %een introdu"ed in t,e area. /ost o+ t,e natural t,orn +orest on t,e plains to t,e east o+ t,e Indus ,as %een "leared +or agri"ultural land and +or irrigated plantations o+ ;al%ergia sissoo and ot,er spe"ies. T,e ri", +is, +auna in"ludes Gudusia ",apra& Notopterus ",itala& Catla "atla& Cirr,inus mrigala& C. re%a& La%eo ro,ita& L. mi"rop,t,almus& -untius ti"to& -. stigma& Barilius 6agra& 7allago attu& .ita rita& Bagarius %agarius& /ystus aor& /. seeng,ala& #eteropneustes +ossilis& !utropii",t,ys 6a",a& Nandus sp.& /asta"em%elus armatus& /. pan"alus& $m%assis nama& $. ranga and C,anna pun"tatus. )t,er a>uati" +auna in"ludes #irudinaria sp.& -alaemon spp.& .ana tigrina& *a",uga smit,i& Triony2 gangeti"us and Lissemys pun"tata. /ammals o""urring in t,e area in"lude (us s"ro+a "ristatus& $2is por"inus& Canis aureus& elis li%y"a and Lutra perspi"illata. *$CC#I C$N$L -.)J!CT *a",,i Canal -ro9e"t is lo"ated in -un9a%& -a'istan. *a",,i Canal -ro9e"t was started in )"to%er 2BB2. T,e pro9e"t& estimated to "ost .s28 %illion& is planned as a +ast tra"' part o+ Vision?2B2@& t,e national de6elopment programme o+ water and ,ydropower resour"es. T,e +irst leg o+ t,e pro9e"t "omprises @BB?'ilometre?long *a",,i Canal to o++ ta'e +rom Taunsa Barrage wit, a "apa"ity o+ F&BBB "use"s. $""ording to t,e o++i"ial do"uments& t,e pro9e"t will pro6ide irrigation

to E1G&BBB a"res o+ land and will en,an"e "ropping intensity in t,e pro9e"t area +rom t,e present 2 per "ent to DF per "ent. T,e *a",,i Canal will %e +ed t,roug, Taunsa Barrage +or only si2 mont,s.

Ports and 7arbor

-orts and #ar%or

B$B.B$.I*)N Bar%ari'on was t,e name o+ a sea port near t,e modern?day "ity o+ *ara",i& -a'istan& important in t,e #ellenisti" era in Indian )"ean trade. It is mentioned %rie+ly in t,e -eriplus o+ t,e !ryt,raean (eaP OT,is ri6er It,e IndusX ,as se6en mout,s& 6ery s,allow and mars,y& so t,at t,ey are not na6iga%le& e2"ept t,e one in t,e middleH at w,i", %y t,e s,ore& is t,e mar'et?town& Bar%ari"um. Be+ore it t,ere lies a small island& and inland %e,ind it is t,e metropolis o+ ("yt,ia& /innagaraH it is su%9e"t to -art,ian prin"es w,o are "onstantly dri6ing ea", ot,er out.O -eriplus& C,ap. G8 OT,e s,ips lie at an",or at Bar%ari"um& %ut all t,eir "argoes are "arried up to t,e metropolis %y t,e ri6er& to t,e *ing. T,ere are imported into t,is mar'et a great deal o+ t,in "lot,ing& and a little spuriousH +igured linens& topaz& "oral& stora2& +ran'in"ense& 6essels o+ glass& sil6er and gold plate& and a little wine. )n t,e ot,er ,and t,ere are e2ported "ostus& %dellium& ly"ium& nard& tur>uoise& lapis lazuli& (eri" s'ins& "otton "lot,& sil' yarn& and indigo. $nd sailors set out t,it,er wit, t,e Indian !tesian winds& a%out t,e& mont, o+ July& t,at is !pip,iP it is more dangerous t,en& %ut t,roug, t,ese winds t,e 6oyage is more dire"t& and sooner "ompleted.O -eriplus C,ap. GC It is also a Gree' 6ersion o+ t,e term Bar%ari"um& designating areas outside "i6ilization andLor t,e .oman !mpire. G$7$;$. -).T Gwadar port is lo"ated at Gwadar "ity at t,e entran"e o+ t,e -ersian Gul+ on $ra%ian (ea and a%out DFB 'm west o+ *ara",i in Balo",istan& -a'istan. Gwadar port& is a deep?sea warm water port& %eing "onstru"ted in two p,ases wit, ,ea6y in6estment +rom C,ina. Gwadar ,as ,ad immense geostrategi" signi+i"an"e on many a""ounts. In 1CCG& -a'istan started te",ni"al and +inan"ial +easi%ilities +or t,e de6elopment o+ Gwadar port. T,e Gwadar port pro9e"t started on 22 /ar", 2BB2. T,e +irst p,ase was "ompleted in ;e"em%er 2BB@. Gawadar port was inaugurated on /ar", 1C& 2BBE a+ter t,e "ompletion o+ se"ond de6elopment p,ase. Gawadar port is -a'istan<s +irst deep port t,at ,as t,e "apa"ity to ser6e 6irtually all sorts o+ "argo s,ips o+ any size. -ort )perations -ort o+ (ingapore too' o6er Gwadar -ort %y t,e end o+ January 2BBE. -ort o+ (ingapore was t,e ,ig,est %idder +or t,e Gwadar port a+ter ;- world %a"'ed out o+ t,e %idding pro"ess. )riginally&

C,airman o+ ;u%ai -orts 7orld& (ultan $,med %in (ulayem& w,o met -resident -er6ez /us,arra+ on /ay @t, 2BBF& e2pressed a strong ,ope +or management o+ +a"ilities at t,e strategi" Gwadar deep sea port and de6elopment o+ in+rastru"ture in t,e sout,ern port "ity and elsew,ere in -a'istan.But T,ey too' t,e de"ision not to %id a+ter IndiaYs National (e"urity Coun"il ,ad 6oi"ed "on"erns a%out ;- 7orldYs 6entures in India& alongside its -a'istani plans and (ultan $,med %in (ulayem assured t,e Indians t,eir pull?out was well "onsidered and India need not ,a6e any se"urity "on"erns.T,e port will now %e in "ompetition wit, t,e li'es o+ C,a%a,ar& a port in Iran& as well as ;u%ai in t,e 4nited $ra% !mirates. G$7$;$. I(# #$.B)4. Gwadar is, #ar%our is lo"ated in Gwadar& Balo",istan& -a'istan. *).$NGI I(# #$.B)4. *orangi #ar%our& in !ast *ara",i& is a relati6ely new ,ar%our& originally %uilt to ta'e pressure o++ t,e *ara",i is, #ar%our. It was also to ser6e t,e %oom in +is,eries produ"tion as a result o+ e2pansion o++s,ore& w,i", ne6er o""urred lo"ally& and +or large trawlers and pro"essing 6essels. )./$.$ )rmara is a port "ity lo"ated in Balo",istan. It is lo"ated D@B *m west o+ *ara",i on t,e $ra%ian (ea. Jinna, na6al %ase o+ -a'istan Na6y is also lo"ated at )rmara. )rmara airport is lo"ated at 2@Z 1F< 2CN FDZ G@< 1B!. T,e population o+ )rmara is estimated to %e o6er DB&BBB in 2BB@. )6er CCV is /uslim. T,e 6ast ma9ority o+ t,e population o+ )rmara is Balo",. -$(NI I(# #$.B)4. -asni is a +is,ing port and ma9or town in Balo",istan& -a'istan. It is lo"ated on t,e /a'ran "oast on $ra%ian (ea a%out GBB *m +rom *ara",i. -asni is also su%?di6ision o+ Gwadar distri"t. -).T 5$(I/ T,e -ort /u,ammad Bin 5asim is a port in *ara",i& lo"ated at 2DZDF[BB\N& FEZ2B[BB\! 02D.EFFFFE& FE.GGGGGG1. It was "onstru"ted in t,e late 1CEBs to relie6e "ongestion at *ara",i -ort. -ort 5asim was named a+ter t,e /uslim general /u,ammad %in 5asim w,o "aptured t,e area around E12 C!. T,e port was de6eloped "lose to t,e -a'istan (teel /ills "omple2 near t,e Indus .i6er delta. -ort 5asim<s residential area is a neig,%our,ood o+ Bin 5asim Town o+ *ara",i. -ort 5asim is managed %y -ort 5asim $ut,ority. -ort 5asim is -a'istan<s se"ond %usiest port& ,andling a%out G@V o+ t,e nation<s "argo 01E million tons per annum1. It is lo"ated in an old ",annel o+ t,e Indus .i6er at a distan"e o+ G@ 'ilometers east o+ *ara",i "ity "entre. T,e total area o+ t,e port "omprises 1&BBB a"res 0D 'mM1 wit, an ad9a"ent 11&BBB a"re 0D@ 'mM1 industrial estate. T,e approa", to t,e port is along a D@?'ilometre long Na6igation C,annel w,i", pro6ides sa+e na6igation +or 6essels up to E@&BBB ;7T. T,e geograp,i" position o+ t,e -ort pla"es it in "lose pro2imity to ma9or s,ipping routes. )ne o+ its ma9or ad6antages is t,e pro2imity to national transport +a"ilities ? 1@ 'ilometers +rom t,e -a'istan National #ig,way& 1D 'ilometers +rom t,e National .ailway networ' t,roug, si2 railway tra"'s lo"ated immediately %e,ind t,e %ert,s and 22 'ilometers +rom Jinna, International $irport.

Terminals T,e -ort ,as nine "argo?,andling %ert,sP ? /ultipurpose Terminal wit, +our multi?purpose %ert,s ea", o+ 2BB meters lengt,. 5asim International Container Terminal wit, two %ert,s ea", o+ GBB meters lengt,. !ngro Vopa' C,emi"al Terminal wit, one %ert,. ot"o )il Terminal wit, one %ert, %ut t,e potential +or +our additional %ert,s. Iron )re and Coal Bert, 02EC metres long1 +or -a'istan (teel /ills. !2pansion uture e2pansion o+ t,e port in"ludes t,e deepening and widening o+ t,e na6igation ",annel and t,e esta%lis,ment o+ a li>uid "argo terminal& a li>ue+ied petroleum gas terminal& grain ,andling and storage +a"ilities& a te2tile "omple2 and a desalination plant. !n6ironmental Con"erns T,e area around t,e port in"ludes se6eral mangro6e +orests w,i", are "onstantly under t,reat +rom ,uman a"ti6ities. T,e %ea", immediately west o+ t,e na6igation ",annel was t,e s"ene o+ a ma9or oil spillage w,en t,e Gree'?registered Tasman (pirit ran aground in $ugust 2BBG. T,e en6ironmental impa"t in"luded large num%ers o+ dead +is, and turtles and a 'ey mangro6e +orest& as well as dozens o+ people su++ering nausea. *!TI B$N;$. *eti Bandar is a port at $ra%ian (ea in T,atta ;istri"t& (ind,& -a'istan. *eti Bandar was one o+ t,e ri",est ports o+ t,e region. T,e residents o+ *eti Bandar proudly "laim t,at t,is port granted a loan to *ara",i /uni"ipal Committee during nineteent, "entury. T,is is no more in operation sin"e 1CG@. Now not e6en t,e ruins o+ t,e port are 6isi%le due to sea erosion. /ost o+ t,e in,a%itants %elie6e t,at *eti Bandar is a"tually t,e port o+ ;e%al w,ere /u,ammad %in 5asim along wit, ,is army arri6ed t,roug, s,ips +rom Ira>. ;i%la tri%e settled at *eti Bandar w,i", 9usti+ies t,eir "laim to some e2tents. T,e ports o+ "oastal %elt o+ T,atta are *eti Bandar& Bagan& *,aro C,,an et". and are lo"ated 1FB 'ilometers sout, east +rom *ara",i. JI7$NI -).T Jiwani port is lo"ated along $ra%ian (ea in Gwadar ;istri"t& Balo",istan& -a'istan. It is lo"ated near t,e Iranian %order. It ,as a population o+ 2@&BBB and it is e2pe"ted to %e"ome a ma9or "ommer"ial "enter in "on"ert wit, t,e de6elopment o+ t,e port o+ Gwadar lo"ated nearly 8B *m to t,e east. Jiwani is lo"ated at t,e eastern end o+ Gwadar Bay& w,i", is s,ared %etween Iran and -a'istan. T,e area around t,e %ay in"ludes an important mangro6e +orest e2tending a"ross t,e international %order& and is an important ,a%itat +or a wide 6ariety o+ wildli+e& espe"ially t,e endangered )li6e .idley and Green Turtles. -lans to grant +is,ing "on"essions and o++s,ore drilling rig,ts are potentially a t,reat to t,e wildli+e o+ t,e area. Jiwani ,olds strategi" importan"e in t,e region& lo"ated immediately ad9a"ent to t,e s,ipping

lanes to and +rom t,e -ersian Gul+. T,is is t,e main reason t,at t,e town ,osts a small na6al %ase and an airport wit, a @&@BB?+oot runway. *$.$C#I -).T T,e -ort o+ *ara",i is -a'istan<s largest and %usiest seaport& ,andling a%out FBV o+ t,e nation<s "argo 02@ million tons per annum1. T,e port is lo"ated at 2DZ@B[BB\N& FFZ@8[GB\! 02D.8DBBBB& FF.C8BBBB1 %etween t,e *ara",i towns o+ *iamari and (addar& "lose to t,e ,eart o+ old *ara",i. T,e port is lo"ated "lose to t,e main %usiness distri"t o+ *ara",i and se6eral industrial areas. T,e geograp,i" position o+ *ara",i pla"es t,e port in "lose pro2imity to ma9or s,ipping routes su", as t,e (traits o+ #ormuz. T,e administration o+ t,e port is "arried out %y t,e *ara",i -ort Trust w,i", was esta%lis,ed in t,e nineteent, "entury. ;es"ription T,e port "omprises a deep natural ,ar%our wit, an 11?'m long approa", ",annel w,i", pro6ides sa+e na6igation +or 6essels up to E@&BBB ;7T. T,e main areas o+ port a"ti6ity are two w,ar6es ] !ast 7,ar+ wit, se6enteen 6essel %ert,s and 7est 7,ar+ wit, t,irteen 6essel %ert,s. T,e ma2imum dept, alongside t,e %ert,s is "urrently 11.G meters. T,e two w,ar6es e2tend in opposite dire"tions along t,e upper ,ar%our ] t,e 7est 7,ar+ sout,west +rom (addar town and t,e !ast 7,ar+ nort,east +rom *imari Island. T,e +low o+ "argo to and +rom t,e port is ,ampered %y se6ere "ongestion in t,e ,ar%our wit, se6eral ot,er maritime +a"ilities lo"ated "lose to t,e port. $d9a"ent to t,e 7est 7,ar+ is t,e *ara",i is,ing #ar%our& w,i", is administered separately +rom t,e port and is t,e %ase +or a large +leet o+ se6eral t,ousand +is,ing 6essels. T,e 7est 7,ar+ also ,osts a s,ip repair +a"ility and s,ipyard and a na6al do"'yard at t,e tip o+ t,e w,ar+& w,ile to t,e sout, o+ t,e port are t,e *ara",i Na6al Base and t,e *imari Boat Clu%. T,e -ort o+ *ara",i also +a"es "ompetition +rom a new pri6ate terminal lo"ated @ 'ilometres away in t,e larger ,ar%our west o+ t,e port. In re"ent years t,e +ederal go6ernment ,as attempted to alle6iate t,e in"reased "ongestion in t,e ,ar%our %y "onstru"ting a se"ond port in *ara",i t,irty 'ilometers east at -ort 5asim and a t,ird ma9or port at Gwadar a%out F@B 'ilometers west o+ *ara",i. T,e *ara",i is,ing #ar%our ,as %een upgraded and a se"ond +is,ing ,ar%our is lo"ated 18 'ilometres away at *orangi. T,e trans+er o+ some na6al 6essels to t,e new na6al %ase at )rmara ,as %roug,t a%out +urt,er redu"tions in "ongestion. $n"ient #istory T,e ,istory o+ t,e port is intertwined wit, t,at o+ t,e "ity o+ *ara",i. (e6eral an"ient ports ,a6e %een attri%uted in t,e area in"luding *ro'ola& /oronto%ara 07oman<s #ar%our1 0mentioned %y Near",us1& Bar%ari'on 0t,e -eriplus o+ t,e !ryt,raean (ea1 and ;e%al 0a "ity "aptured %y t,e /uslim general /u,ammad %in 5asim in E12 C!1. T,ere is a re+eren"e to t,e early e2isten"e o+ t,e port o+ *ara",i in t,e 4mda,& %y t,e $ra% na6igator (uleiman al /a,ri 0$; 1@111& w,o mentions .as al *arazi and .as *aras,i w,ile des"ri%ing a route along t,e "oast +rom -asni to .as *aras,i. *ara",i is also mentioned in t,e si2teent, "entury Tur'is, treatise /u,it 0T,e )"ean1 %y t,e )ttoman "aptain (idi $li .eis. T,e /u,it is a "ompilation o+ sailing dire"tions +or a 6oyage +rom t,e -ortuguese island o+ ;iu to #ormuz in t,e -ersian Gul+& warning sailors a%out w,irlpools and ad6ises t,em to see' sa+ety in *auras,i ,ar%our i+ t,ey +ound t,emsel6es dri+ting dangerously.

T,ere is a legend o+ a prosperous "oastal town "alled *,ara' in t,e estuary o+ t,e #u% .i6er 0west o+ modern *ara",i1 in t,e late se6enteent, and early eig,teent, "entury. In 1E28 ,ea6y rains silted up t,e ,ar%our and resulted in t,e mer",ants o+ *,ara' relo"ating to t,e area o+ modern *ara",i. In 1E2C& t,ey %uilt a new +orti+ied town "alled *ola",i 0sometimes 'nown as *ala",i?9o?*un and *ola",i?9o?Got,1 on ,ig, ground nort, o+ *ara",i %ay& surrounded %y a 1F? +oot ,ig, mud and tim%er?rein+or"ed wall wit, gun?mounted turrets and two gates. T,e gate +a"ing t,e sea was "alled *,aradar 0salt gate1& and t,e gate +a"ing t,e Layari .i6er was "alled /it,adar 0sweet gate1. T,e modern neig,%our,oods around t,e lo"ation o+ t,e gates are "alled /it,adar and *,aradar. (urrounded %y mangro6e swamps to t,e east& t,e sea to t,e sout,west& and t,e Layari .i6er to t,e nort,& t,e town was well de+ended and engaged in a pro+ita%le trade wit, /us"at and Ba,rain. rom 1E2C to 1E8G t,e strategi" lo"ation o+ *ola",i saw t,e town ",ange ,ands se6eral times %etween t,e *,ans o+ *alat and t,e rulers o+ (ind,. In 1E8G& a+ter two prolonged sieges t,e town +ell to t,e Talpur /irs o+ (ind,& w,o "onstru"ted a +ort mounted wit, "annons on /anora Island at t,e ,ar%our entran"e. T,e prominen"e o+ t,e port attra"ted t,e Britis,& w,o opened a +a"tory in *ara",i at t,e end o+ t,e eig,teent, "entury %ut disagreements wit, t,e /irs on trade tari++s led to t,e "losure o+ t,e +a"tory. T,e Britis, were "on"erned a%out .ussian e2pansion towards t,e $ra%ian (ea& so in 18GC t,ey o""upied *ara",i and later t,e w,ole o+ t,e (ind,. T,e port ser6ed as a landing point +or troops during t,e irst $+g,an 7ar. /odern #istory T,e potential o+ *ara",i as a natural ,ar%our +or t,e produ"e o+ t,e Indus %asin led to rapid de6elopment. T,e Indus (team lotilla and t,e )rient Inland (team Na6igation Company were +ormed to transport "otton and w,eat down t,e Indus ri6er to *ara",i. $ num%er o+ Britis, "ompanies opened o++i"es and ware,ouses in *ara",i and t,e population in"reased rapidly. By 18@2& *ara",i was an esta%lis,ed "ity wit, a population o+ 1D&BBB and a prosperous o6erseas trade. T,e modern port %egan to ta'e s,ape in 18@D& w,en t,e main na6igation ",annel was dredged and a mole or "auseway was "onstru"ted to lin' t,e main ,ar%our wit, t,e rest o+ t,e "ity. T,is was +ollowed %y "onstru"tion o+ /anora %rea'water& *iamari Groyne& t,e Napier /ole Bridge and t,e Nati6e Jetty. T,e "onstru"tion o+ t,e w,ar6es started in 1882& and %y 1C1D t,e !ast 7,ar+ and t,e Napier /ole Boat 7,ar+ were "omplete w,ile 1C2E and 1CDD& t,e 7est 7,ar+& t,e lig,terage %ert,s and t,e s,ip?repair %ert,s were "onstru"ted %etween 1C2E and 1CDD. rom t,e 18F1 t,e (ind, .ailway line "onne"ted *ara",i to t,e "otton and w,eat produ"ing areas o+ t,e (ind, and nort,ern Britis, India and %y 18CC *ara",i was t,e largest w,eat and "otton e2porting port in India. T,e period %etween 18@F and 18E2 saw a mar'ed in"rease in trade& espe"ially during t,e $meri"an Ci6il 7ar w,en "otton +rom (ind, repla"ed $meri"an "otton as a raw material in t,e Britis, te2tile industry and t,e opening o+ t,e (uez Canal in 18FC. $not,er ma9or e2port was oil %roug,t %y rail +rom t,e (ui region in Balo",istan. *ara",i<s importan"e as a gateway to India in"reased in 1C11 w,en t,e "apital o+ Britis, India was mo6ed to ;el,i. T,e "ity was an important military %ase during t,e irst 7orld 7ar 01C1D? 181 %e"ause it was t,e +irst Indian port o+ "all +or s,ips "oming t,roug, t,e (uez Canal and was

t,e gateway to $+g,anistan and t,e .ussian !mpire. In 1CGF t,e (ind, distri"t o+ t,e Bom%ay -residen"y was reorganised as a new pro6in"e wit, *ara",i as t,e "apital instead o+ t,e traditional "apital o+ #ydera%ad. T,is led to new pu%li" ser6i"es and %uildings& t,us in"reasing its population and importan"e. *ara",i was again a military %ase and port +or supplies to t,e .ussian +ront during t,e (e"ond 7orld 7ar 01CGC?1CD@1. In 1CDE& *ara",i %e"ame t,e "apital o+ t,e new nation o+ -a'istan& resulting in a growt, in population as it a%sor%ed ,undreds o+ t,ousands o+ re+ugees. $lt,oug, t,e "apital mo6ed to Islama%ad in 1C@C& *ara",i remains t,e e"onomi" "entre o+ -a'istan& a""ounting +or t,e largest proportion o+ national G;- %ased in part on t,e "ommer"e "ondu"ted t,roug, t,e -ort o+ *ara",i and -ort 5asim. -ost Independen"e& t,e port witnessed tremendous growt, as a result o+ %eing t,e largest port in -a'istan. T,e port was targeted %y t,e Indian Na6y 0"odenamed )peration Trident1 during t,e ,ostilities o+ t,e 1CE1 war. -ort a"ilities T,e port ,as t,irty dry "argo %ert,s& t,ree li>uid "argo?,andling %ert,s 0oil piers1& two s,ip repair 9etties and a s,ipyard and engineering +a"ility. T,ese are arranged in two main w,ar6es ? t,e 7est 7,ar+ and t,e !ast 7,ar+ ea", in"luding a "ontainer terminalP ? *ara",i International Container Terminal 0*ICT1 opened in 1CCF at 7est 7,ar+ %ert,s 28?GB. It ,as a ,andling "apa"ity o+ GBB&BBB T!4s per annum and ,andles "ontainer s,ips up to 11?metre draug,t. T,e total >uay lengt, is FBB metres di6ided into two "ontainer %ert,s. T,e terminal is e>uipped wit, t,ree -anama2 "ranes and one post?-anama2 "rane. -a'istan International Container Terminal 0-ICT1 in 2BB2 at !ast 7,ar+ %ert,s F?C. It ,as a ,andling "apa"ity o+ G@B&BBB T!4s per annum and ,andles "ontainer s,ips up to 11.@ metre draug,t. T,e total >uay lengt, is FBB metres di6ided into two "ontainer %ert,s. T,e terminal is e>uipped wit, two -anama2 "ranes. *ICT and -ICT ,a6e a near%y "ompetitor in t,e pri6ately operated $l?#amd International Container Terminal 0$ICT1& w,i", opened in 2BB1 at a site west o+ t,e Layari .i6er. $ICT is situated ne2t to t,e (ind, Industrial Trading !state& t,e new tru"' stand at #aw'es Bay .oad and "lose to t,e .C; #ig,way& (uper #ig,way and t,e +uture Layari Bypass. *ara",i (,ipyard and !ngineering 7or's "arries out s,ip%uilding and repair +or %ot, "ommer"ial and military "ustomers on a 2C?,e"tare 0EB a"res1 site at t,e 7est 7,ar+. T,e +a"ilities in"lude a large s,ip%uilding ,all& t,ree s,ip%uilding %ert,s& two dry?do"'s& t,ree +oundries. !2pansion urt,er deepening o+ t,e port ,as %een planned %y t,e *ara",i -ort Trust in order to en,an"e +a"ilities. T,e ",annel is %eing dredged initially to 1G.@ metres deep to "ater +or 12 metre draug,t 6essels at all tides. $t *iamari Groyne& lo"ated at t,e outer tip o+ t,e ,ar%our& dredging will %e to 1F.@ metres to ena%le 6essels up to GBB metres long to do"'. T,e *ara",i -ort Trust also plans to de6elop a trans?s,ipment terminal at *iamari Groyne w,i", s,ould minimise turn around time +or larger 6essels. )t,er pro9e"ts to e2pand t,e port in"ludeP $n in"rease t,e ,andling "apa"ity o+ *ICT +rom GBB&BBB T!4s to DBB&BBB T!4s per annum Two new %ert,s at *ICT wit, 1D metres dept, alongside and an additional 1BB&BBB mM terminalLsta"'ing area Installation o+ modern +a"ilities at -ICT 0"ompleted in $pril& 2BBD1

$ new %ul' "argo terminal at !ast 7,ar+ .e"onstru"tion o+ t,e oldest oil pier to allow %ert,ing o+ CB&BBB ;7T tan'ers $ new 1BB?a"re "argo 6illage to "ater +or "ontainers and general and %ul' "argo .e"onstru"tion o+ t,e 1BB?year old N/B 7,ar+ to en,an"e t,e %ert,ing o+ passenger 6essels T,e pur",ase o+ a new dredger& two ,opper %arges& two ,ar%our tugs& two water %arges& an an",or ,oist 6essel& two pilot %oats& and a dredger tender $ new desalination plant to address t,e "ity<s water s,ortage pro%lem $ @BB?+oot ,ig, -ort Tower +or "ommer"ial and re"reational use in"luding a re6ol6ing restaurant T,e "onstru"tion o+ a @BB?a"re -ort Town wit, 1G&BBB ,omes +or port wor'ers at near%y #aw'es Bay $ new -ort Clu% at C,inna Cree' ad9a"ent to t,e !ast 7,ar+ !n6ironmental Con"ernsT,e area around t,e ,ar%our in"ludes se6eral mangro6e +orests w,i", are "onstantly under t,reat +rom ,uman a"ti6ities. To t,e east o+ t,e port lies C,inna Cree'& w,i", "o6ers a%out F 'mM and is dotted wit, mangro6e islands. To t,e sout,west o+ t,e port is anot,er mu", larger mangro6e +orest in t,e %ay +ormed %y se6eral islands and /anora %rea'waterH t,e ri6er Layari +lows into t,is %ay& %ringing waste +rom upstream su%ur%s. T,e %ea", immediately east o+ t,e ,ar%our was t,e s"ene o+ a signi+i"ant oil spillage w,en t,e Gree'?registered Tasman (pirit ran aground in $ugust 2BBG. T,e en6ironmental impa"t in"luded large num%ers o+ dead +is, and turtles and damage to a 'ey mangro6e +orest& as well as dozens o+ people su++ering nausea. *ara",i ;o"' La%our Board T,e *ara",i ;o"' La%our Board 0*;LB1 is responsi%le +or la%our relations %etween employees and t,e *ara",i -ort Trust. In )"to%er 2BBF& t,e -a'istan go6ernment ,as de"ided to "lose down *ara",i ;o"' La%our Board %y ;e"em%er t,is year as part o+ its landlord port strategy and under t,e National Trade Corridor 0NTC1 programme. T,e "losure o+ *;LB would "ost around .s D.2 %illion 0WEB million1 to t,e national e2",e>uer. T,e 7orld Ban' in its report suggested& in "ase o+ "losure t,e *;LB would ,a6e to pay a%out .s one million to ea", employee. T,ere are a%out G8C@ employees and o++i"ers on its payroll. )+ w,i", a%out GFEG are do"'wor'ersH 18@ sta++ mem%ersH and GE are o++i"ers. T,e total payo++s "al"ulated %y t,e %an' would %e around .s D.2 %illion. *$.$C#I I(# #$.B)4. *ara",i is, #ar%our is in 7est *ara",i near t,e main port. It is relati6ely well supplied wit, +a"ilities& wit, two large au"tion ,alls w,i", w,ilst not ideal "ould %e made presenta%le at little "ost& a smaller impro6ed au"tion ,all +or e2port +is,& a landing area +or +is, intended +or +is,meal& one DB ton +la'e i"e ma",ine 0most i"e used is %lo"' i"e and %oug,t in %y tru"' +rom outside t,e ,ar%our area1& an unloading w,ar+ ne2t to t,e mar'et ,all and e2port pro"essing +a"tories. Boat %uilding +a"ilities and a slipway are on t,e "ree' side o+ t,e ,ar%our. -).T )4NT$IN T,e -ort ountain or *ara",i -ort Trust ountain is lo"ated ne2t to t,e Nort,ern ro"' o+ a series 'nown as )yster .o"'s& o++ t,e *ara",i #ar%our. T,e +ountain is t,e worlds se"ond tallest +ountain and rises to ,eig,t o+ F2B +eet w,en operating at +ull +or"e. !6er sin"e its inauguration %y t,e -resident o+ -a'istan on January 1@& 2BBF. T,e +ountain ,as %een attra"ting 6isitors +rom

all o6er -a'istan. T,e +ountain stru"ture and plat+orm o+ 1G@ s> meters 01@m 2 Cm1 is on 1F piles 18 meters deep. Two 8G@?,orsepower tur%ine pumps deli6er nearly 2BBB liters o+ sea water per se"ond at a 6elo"ity o+ EB meter per se"ond t,roug, spe"ially designed 8 in", nozzles. T,e +ountain "onstru"ted at a "ost o+ -*. G2B million. Be"ause t,e +ountain rises so ,ig, into t,e air& it is >uite easily seen +rom many lo"ations o+ t,e "ity. /any ,ig, rise apartments& %uildings and surroundings o6erloo' t,e +ountain t,roug,out t,e "ommunity at t,e %ea",. T,e "olumn o+ water "an %e seen +rom miles at sea. T,e +ountain is lo"ated 1.D 'm away +rom t,e %ea", to a6oid spraying neig,%or,ood ,omes. /a2imum 6apours tra6el up to a radius o+ @BB +eet around t,e +ountain. !ig,teen +lood lig,ts o+ DBB watts illuminate t,e +ountain at nig,t.

<ational #y$bols o% Pa'istan

<ational #y$bols o% Pa'istan /lag *$ble$ Anthe$ Ani$al @ird /lower Tree Duice #port Dress lag o+ -a'istan ait,& 4nity& ;is"ipline 5aumi Tarana /ar',or C,u'ar Jasmine Cedrus deodara (ugar"ane 9ui"e ield ,o"'ey (,alwar *ameez

7AG1AT :"7A::AD I#A!J

P+,P-./ M0- MM 1 (S 2# 3 -ol& Pro4$et )as 'orn in 571 51 66nd 4ril5 3 7at$er8s na9e, -a:at 'd(lla$5 3 Mot$er8 ;a9e, -a:rat 9na5 3 Maternal Grand 7at$er8s na9e 2a$i' 'ins 'd(l M(nnaf5 3 Maternal Grand9ot$er, *atara$5 3 +eal na9e of 'd( M(tali' )as S$a'a5 3 Grand9ot$er na9e, 7ati9a5 3 1< is t$e n(9'er of 0n!les and 6 a(nts5 3 Pro4$et =o(rne&ed to S&ria )it$ '( /ali' at 16 &ears5 3 t 65 Pro4$et 9arried to -a:rat %$adi=a5 3 -a:rat %$adi=a a!!e4ted >sla9 first in 2o9en and in all5 3 -a:rat '( *akar a!!e4ted first in Men5 3 -a:rat li a!!e4ted first in C$ildren5 3 ?ar@a *in ;a(fal verified Pro4$et for t$e first ti9e5 3 -ol& 4ro4$et $ad 4 da("$ters and A sons5 3 t a"e of 4< $ol& Pro4$et re!eived first 2a$&5 3 -a:rat B('aida (+ # )as t$e se!ond )ife of -ol& Pro4$et5 3 >n 666 51 -ol& Pro4$et 9i"rated to 9adina5 3 -a:rat -alee9a )as t$e foster 9ot$er of -ol& Pro4$et5 3 *esides -a:rat -alee9a (+ # -ol& Pro4$et (P*0-# said t$at 099e-e- e9on is also 9& 9ot$er5 3 ;a9e t$e foster 9ot$er(s# of t$e -ol& Pro4$et (S 2# -a:rat -ale9a (+ #, -a:rat So'ia (+ # and -a:rat %$ola (+ # 3 -o) 9an& &ears after t$e 'irt$ of -ol& Pro4$et (S 2#, -a:rat a9ina diedC SiD &ears 3 S$ee9a )as t$e foster sister of -ol& Pro4$et5 3 'd(all$ *in '( S$ee9a )as t$e foster 'rot$er of Pro4$et5 3 -a:rat -alee9a looked after t$e $ol& 4ro4$et for 4 &ears5 3 A5 )as t$e a"e at t$e ti9e of -a=r-i- s)ad in!ident5 3 -a:rat *ilal -a's$i )as t$e first slave to a!!e4t >sla95 3 2ife of '( La$a' (sed to s4read t$rone in t$e )a& of 4ro4$et in 4t$ &ear of 4ro4$et$ood5 3 -o9e of -a:rat r@a9 (+ # (sed as t$e !entre of se!ret 4rea!$in" '& t$e $ol& 4ro4$et5 3 >n 7t$ ;a'vi 'o&!ott of *an( -as$i9 'e"an5 3 -a:rat da9 9et )it$ -ol& Pro4$et on t$e first $eaven5 3 -a:rat >sa and -a:rat Ea$&a on 6nd5 3 -a:rat Ea@(' on Ard5 3 -a:rat >drees on 4t$5

3 -a:rat -arron on 5t$5 3 -a:rat M(sa on 6t$5 3 -a:rat >'ra$ee9 on 7t$5 3 l-%as)a is t$e na9e of Ca9el on )$i!$ 4ro4$et traveled5 3 Pro4$et 4(r!$ased 9os@(e land at 9edina fro9 t)o or4$ans5 3 45 Co94anions )ere )it$ Pro4$et in 9i"ration to 9adina5 3 C$arter of Madina )as iss(ed on 1 5- it $ad 5A rti!les5 3 /ransfer of Qi'la )as ordered in 6nd 5-5 3 67 total no of G$a:)as5 3 7irst G$a:)a$ of >sla9 )as 2idan, fo("$t in 16t$ 9ont$ of 7irst -i=ra$5 3 Fan" *adr o!!(rred in 6 5-5 A1A M(sli9s fo("$t in 'attle5 3 /&4es of -adit$ are 1<5 3 >9a9 B($ri (+ # 'e!a9e t$e first to !onsolidate $adit$5 3 ;o of -adit$ Colle!ted '& '( -(raira (+ # 5A745 3 Pro4$et $a:rat ;oa$ ( S# kno)n as S$aik$ al n'i&a 3 '& 0'aid($ *in Fiirra$ )as entitled 9een-(l 099at5 3 -a:rat 09ar 4ro4osed :an for t$e first ti9e5 3 /$e do9e over t$e sa!red Grave of t$e $ol& 4ro4$et is kno)n as 1(n'ade-%$i:ra5 3 *ait(l Ma9(r is a 4la!e )$ere sevent& t$o(sand an"les )ere !ir!(9a9'(lation d(rin" t$e -ol& s!ension5 3 *ait(l Ma9oor is on 7t$ -eaven5 3 4 kin"s a!!e4ted >sla9 )$en $ol& 4ro4$et sent t$e9 letters5 3 Mos@(e of Barar )as de9olis$ed '& 4ro4$et5 3 09e Sal9a )as 4resent at t$e ti9e of t$e 'attle of %$&'er5 3 -a:rat li Con@(ered t$e fort of Qa9(s5 3 Lad& na9ed Baina' tried to 4oison t$e -ol& Pro4$et5 3 Pro4$et re!ited s(ra$ l-7at$a at t$e !on@(est of Makka$ 5 3 -as$i9 )as "rand fat$er of 4ro4$et G 'rot$er of M(ttali'5 3 /$e na9e M($a9a99ad )as 4ro4osed '& 'd(l M(ttali' )$ile t$e na9e $9ed )as 4ro4osed '& *i'i 9ina$5 3 Mi"ration fro9 Me!!a to '&ssinia took 4la!e in t$e 7t$ 9ont$ of t$e 5t$ &ear of t$e 9ission i5e 615 5d5 /$e total n(9'er of 9i"rated 4eo4le )as 15 3 Se!ond 9i"ration to -a's$a$ took 4la!e in 616 515 3 Se!ond 9i"ration to '&ssinia 1<1 4eo4le )it$ 1H fe9ales5 3 fter 9ina8s deat$, 099a& i9en looked after Pro4$et5 3 fter -ar'-e-7a==ar, Pro4$et took 4art in -alaf-(l-7a:(l5 3 Pro4$et 9ade se!ond '(siness tri4 to S&ria in 64t$ &ear of ele4$ant5 3 7riend of %$adi=a ;afeesa !arried 9essa"e of ;ika$5 3 S(rna9e of -alee9a Sadia )as 099a& %a'ta$5 3 S(rna9e of Pro4$et )as '(-(l-Qasi95 3 1a8ia of t$e Pro4$et )as S$ifa )$o )as 9ot$er of 'd(l

+e$9an 'in (f5 3 'd(l M(tali' died in 579 515 3 Masaira a slave of %$adi=a a!!o94anied Pro4$et to S&ria5 3 7oster 9ot$ers of Pro4$et )ere -alee9a, So'ia G %$ola5 3 7irst forster 9ot$er )as So'ia )$o )as 9ot$er of -a9:a5 3 7or siD &ears -alee9a took !are of Pro4$et5 3 7or t)o &ears 'd(l M(tali' took !are of Pro4$et5 3 Pro4$et $ad t)o real 4aternal (n!les i5e B('air G '( /ali'5 3 B('air died 'efore Pro4$et$ood5 3 fter 7 da&s t$e @ee@a !ere9on& of Pro4$et )as $eld5 3 Pro4$et 'elon"ed to *an( -as$i9 !lan of Q(rais$ tri'e5 3 9on" (n!les ''as G -a9:a e9'ra!ed >sla95 3 9ina )as '(ried at ')a 'I) Makka$ G Madina5 3 SiD 9ont$s 'efore t$e Pro4$et8s 'irt$ $is fat$er died5 3 Pro4$et $ad no 'rot$er and no sister5 3 'd(lla$ died at Madina5 3 Pro4$et $ad siD a(nties5 3 7oster fat$er of Pro4$et )as -aris5 3 t t$e a"e of 15, -er'-e-7a==ar took 4la!e5 3 -er'-e-7a==ar 9eans )ar fo("$t in t$e 4ro'i$ited 9ont$s5 3 7irst fat$er-in-la) of Pro4$et )as %$a)alid5 3 a9ina 'elon"ed to *ani Bo$ra tri'e5 3 09ar a!!e4ted >sla9 in 616 5d5 3 So!ial 'o&!ott of *an( -as$i9 took 4la!e in 7t$ ;a'vi5 3 S$i8' 9eans valle&5 3 So!ial 'o&!ott !ontin(ed for A &ears5 3 "ro(4 of Madina 9et Pro4$et in 11t$ ;a'vi5 3 0@'a is lo!ated near Makka$5 3 /$e "ro(4 of Madinites 'elon"ed to %$a:ra= tri'e5 3 !!ord of 0@'a took 4la!e in 1At$ ;a'vi5 3 ,n 67t$ +a=a', 1< ;a'vi t$e event of Mira= took 4la!e5 3 1<t$ ;a'vi )as !alled a9-(l--a:an (&ear of "rief#5 3 ;a9e of t$e !a9el on )$i!$ Pro4$et )as ridin" in 9i"ration )as Qas)a5 3 ,9aar 'in -is$a9 )as t$e ori"inal na9e of '( Fe$l5 3 '(-al--ik9 is t$e title of '( Fe$l5 3 2$en did -a:rat -a9:a (+ # e9'ra!e >sla9 7ift$ ;a'avi 3 Persons in!l(ded in *ait-e-0@'a ,ola 16 and in *ait-e-0@'a Sani 755 3 Cave of -ira is A 9iles fro9 Makka$5 3 -i=ra took 4la!e in 1At$ ;a'vi5 3 Se!ond !onvent of l- @'a arrived at Makka$ in 16t$ ;a'vi5 3 Medina is 44H %9 fro9 Makka$5 (65< 9iles# 3 Makka$ !on@(est o!!(rred in Ht$ &ear of -i=ra5 3 Pro4$et 4erfor9ed -a== in 1<t$ -i=a5 3 Pro4$et )as '(ried in t$e $(=ra of &es$a5

3 Pro4$et )as 'orn in 1st Eear of .le4$ant5 3 9'assadors sent to ra'G ot$er !o(ntries in 7t$ -i=ra5 3 %in" of >ran tore a)a& t$e 9essa"e of Pro4$et5 3 %in" of *&:antine in 7t$ -i=ra )as -er!(les5 3 fter 6 &ears of t$e 'irt$ of -ol& 4ro4$et *i'i a9na died5 3 fter H &ears of t$e 'irt$ of Pro4$et 'd(l M(ttali' died5 3 6A6 51 C$arter of Madina5 3 -ol& Pro4$et de9ised at t$e a"e of 6A5 3 -i=ra$ &ear 'e"an )it$ 14t$ ;a'vi5 3 1<t$ &ear of 4ro4$et $ood is kno)n as &ear of "rief5 3 7irst :an )as !alled o(t in 15 5-5

"::"- :>:5<**< I1.AJ

0MM0L M,M>;..;(+5 # , -mat.ul.Mom/$ee$ /s calle0 to 1/#es o2 3ol prophet4 , 5a/$ab b/$t )ha6eema /s +$o7$ as -mmal Masa+ee$4 , 3a6at -mme.e.Salma the 7/2e o2 hol prophet 0/e0 /$ last4 , Abu 8a+ar ga#e the collect/o$ o2 9ura$ to 3a6rat 3a2sa4 , )ha0/:a 0/e0 o$ the te$th o2 ;ama0a$ 10 "ab#/4 , )ha0/:a 7as bur/e0 /$ 3u:u$ abo#e Ma++a , '$ the <ottage o2 3a6rat A esha= prophet spe$t h/s last 0a s4 , )ha0/:a 0/e0 at 65 ears age4 , >ast 7/2e o2 *rophet -m Ma/moo$a4 &ch+? Ja#er/a( , )ha0/:a belo$ge0 to the tr/be o2 8a$u Asa04 , @/rst 7oma$ to lea0 a$ 'slam/c arm A esha &Ja$ge Jamal( , A esha $arrate0 maA/mum $umber o2 aha0/th4 , The seco$0 7/2e $ame0 Sau0a4 , 5a/$ub b/$t Ja/sh &Surah Ah6ab( 7as marr/e0 to the *rophet though AllahBs re#elat/o$ or 7/ll4 , Daughter o2 -mer 7ho marr/e0 to *rophet 7as 3a2sa4 , -mmmul mom/$ee$ 0/e0 last 7as -maa Salma4 , 3a6rat )ha0/:a 7as the 2/rst perso$ to rea0 "ama6 amo$gst the -mmah o2 the *rophet4 , -mm.e.Salma 7as al/#e at )arbala trage0 4 She 7as the last o2 the 7/#es o2 *rophet to 0/e4 , -mmul Mom/$ee$ -mma 3ab/ba 7as 0aughter o2 Abu Su2 a$4 , -mmul Mom/$ee$ -mma 3ab/ba m/grate0 to Ab ss/$/a a$0 Ma0/$a as 7ell4 , -mmul Mom/$ee$ 3a6rat Sa2/a 7as the proge$ o2 3a6rat 3aroo$4 , A2ter the #/ctor o2 )h ber= *rophet marr/e0 3a6rat Sa2/a4

, 3a6rat Mar/a 9/bt/ a ga#e b/rth to 3a6rat 'brah/m= so$ o2 *rophet4 , 3a6rat )ha0/:a 7as bur/e0 at Ja$$at.e.Moalla /$ Macca4 , "a:ash/ 7as the +/$g through 7h/ch *rophet marr/e0 to -mma 3ab/ba4 , The -mm.ul.Mom/$ee$ Ja#er/aBs actual $ame 7as 8arrah4 , 3a6rat )ha0/:a rece/#e0 salutat/o$ 2rom Allah4 , Th/r0 7/2e o2 *rophet 7as 3a6rat A esha4 , Sau0a sa/0 about A esha CM soul m/ght be /$ her bo0 D , 3a6rat )ha0/:a 7as the o$l -mmul Mom/$ee$ 7ho 7as $ot bur/e0 /$ Ja$$atul 8aE/4 , *rophet $ot o22er0 2u$eral pra er o2 )ha0/:a 0ue to AllahBs 7/ll4 , A esha /s calle0 Al.Ta abee$4 , The el0est 0aughter o2 *rophet 7as 5a/$ab4 , Fra$0 0aughter o2 *rophet 7as -mmamah4 , 3a6rat ;uE/a 0/e0 o$ the 0a o2 the #/ctor o2 battle o2 8a0r she 7as the 7/2e o2 -sma$4 , A2ter ;uE/aBs 0eath -mma )alsoom marr/e0 -sma$4 , 9as/m 7as bor$ /$ 11 ears be2ore *rophethoo04 , 3assa$ /s +$o7$ as Shabbar 7h/ch mea$s ha$0some4 , @or 1! mo$ths 3asa$ rema/$e0 )hal/2a4 , 3asa$ /s bur/e0 at Ja$$at.ul.8aEBee4 , Total $umber o2 so$s o2 *rophet 7as 34 , Gl0est so$ o2 the *rophet 9as/m4 , Th/r0 so$./$.la7 o2 *rophet 7as Abul ABas4

)>:PA<5><#
C,MP ;>,;S , 3a6rat Asa0 0/e0 2/rst amo$g the Sahabah4 , 3am6a H 3ussa/$ are +$o7$ as lea0er o2 Mart rs4 , 3a6rat -sma$ 8/$ Talha 7as the )e hol0er o2 )aaba4 , 3a6rat Saa0 b/$ -b/ 7aEas co$Euere0 *ers/a 2/rstl 4 , 9abeela b/$ 9a/s /s +$o7$ as cup bearer o2 5am 5am4 , Abbas 7as /$strume$tal /$ br/$g/$g abu Su2/ a$ /$ 'slam4 , *er/o0s o2 <al/phs , Abu 8a+ar 632.63! , 3a6rat -mar 63!.6!! , 3a6rat -sma$ 6!!.656 , 3a6rat Al/ 656.661 , Abu 8a+ar 2 3m , 3a6rat -mar 10 5m 2104 , 3a6rat -sma$ 12 4 , 3a6rat Al/ ! 9m4 , 3a6rat Abu 8a+ar 7as the mercha$t o2 cloth4 , ;eal $ame o2 3a6rat Abu 8a+ar 7as Ab0ullah4 , Apostas mo#eme$t too+ place /$ the +h/la2at o2 Abu 8a+ar4 , 3a6rat Abu 8a+ar 0/e0 /$ 22$0 o2 Jama0/.us.Sa$/ 13 A34 , 3a6rat -mar embrace0 'slam at the age o2 33 or 274 , Abu >ulu @ero6= the sla#e mart re0 3a6rat -mar @arooE4 , 3a6rat -mar @arooE 7as mart re0 o$ 1st Muharram 2! A434 , 3a6rat -mar /$tro0uce0 3/:ra <ale$0er4 , 3a6at -sma$ /s +$o7$ as 5ul "oora/$ because he 7e00e0 7/th t7o 0aughters o2 *rophet? ;u+ aI-mme 9ulsoom4 , -sma$ accepte0 'slam at the /$st/gat/o$ o2 Abu 8a+ar4 , Asa0ullah H 3a/0er.e.)arar 7ere the ep/thets o2 3a6rat Al/4 , Al/ marr/e0 @at/ma /$ 2$0 3/:ra4 , 3a6rat Al/ 7as bor$ at )ha$e.e.)aaba4 , 3a6rat Al/ 7as mart re0 o$ 21st ;am6a$ !0 A434 , '$ Fha67a -ha0 3a6rat Al/ 7as a7ar0e0 7/th 5ul/2Ear4 , 3a6rat -mer accepte0 /slam /$ 616 A4D4 , 3a6rat -mar establ/she0 the o22/ce o2 9a6/4 , 3a6rat -mar a00e0 As Salato )ha/rum M/$ "oum4 , 3a6rat -mar embrace0 the 'slam at the age o2 3!4 , -sma$ m/grate0 to 3absha , 3a6at -sma$ part/c/pate0 /$ all battles eAcept 8a0r4 , '$ the re/g$ o2 -sama= Mu7a#/ah establ/she0 $a#al 2leet4 , O$l sahab/ 7/thout see/$g *rophet A7a/s )ar$/4 , -mar le#/e0 6a+at o$ horses4 , Al/ l/2te0 6a+at o$ horses4 , Abu 8a+r ha0 +$o7le0ge o2 0reams4 , -sma$ a00e0 2$0 A6a$ 2or @r/0a pra ers4

, At/Eue /s the t/tle o2 3a6rat Abu 8a+r4 , 3a6rat -mar establ/she0 Departme$t o2 *ol/ce4 , 3a6rat -mar 2orme0 a parl/ame$t= $amel Ma:l/s.e.Aam4 , Fha$/ 7as the t/tle o2 3a6rat -sma$ &;A(4 , 3a6rat Al/ has the t/tle the gate7a to +$o7le0ge4 , 3a6rat Al/ rema/$e0 <al/ph 2or ! ears a$0 9 mo$ths4 , 3a6rat Al/ /s bur/e0 at "a:a24 , Ameer Ma#/a establ/she0 the postal s stem4 , Amer b/$ Aas embrace0 'slam /$ 7th 3/:ra4 , )hal/l0 b/$ 1alee0 embrace0 'slam /$ 7th 3/:ra4 , @/rst Moa6/$ o2 'slam= 3a6rat 8/lal4 , The home o2 3a6rat Abu A ub A$saar/ 7as the 2/rst place 7here the *rophet sta e0 /$ Ma0/$a Sharee24 , The 2/rst perso$ se$t to sprea0 'slam u$0er the /$struct/o$s o2 the *rophet 7as MusJab b/$ -ma/r 7ho 7as se$t to Ma0/$ah4 , The 2/rst perso$ to ma+e ':t/haa0 7as Abu 8a+r S/00/Eue , 3a6rat Abu 5/rr Fha22ar/ /s +$o7$ as the 2/rst Der#/sh4 , Ab0ullah /b$ Ma6Boom?2/rst perso$ bur/e0 /$ Ja$$atul 8aE/4 , 3a6rat -mar 7as the 2/rst perso$ to per2orm Ja$a6ah Salaah /$ Jamaat 7/th 2our Ta+beers4 , @/rst ce$sus o2 'slam/c 7orl0 /$ -merBs per/o04 , The 2/rst perso$ to become murta0 &out o2 the 2ol0s o2 'slam( 7as e/ther MuEees b/$ )hubaaba or -ba/0ullah b/$ Jahash4 , Salah.u0/$ A ub/ co$Euere0 8a/t ul MuEa0as4 , Sha/+h Ab0ul 9a0/r J/la$/ /s bur/e0 at 8agh0a04 , Shah Jaha$ MosEue /s at Thatta4 , '$0o$es/a /s the b/ggest 'slam/c <ou$tr *opulat/o$ 7/se4 , Mal0/#es /s the smallest 'slam/c cou$tr area 7/se4 , 3a6rat Data Fa$: 8uA /s bur/e0 /$ >ahore4 , Ab ss/$/a /s a$ ol0 $ame o2 Gth/op/a4 , Mesopotam/a /s the ol0 $ame o2 'raE4 , <o$sta$t/$ople /s a$0 ol0 $ame o2 'sta$bul4 , *ers/a /s a$ ol0 $ame o2 'ra$4 , Alba$/a /s GuropeBs o$l 'slam/c cou$tr 4 , S/$a/ *e$/$sula /s o$l la$0 br/0ge bet7ee$ As/a a$0 A2r/ca4 , Gg pt co$$ects A2r/ca 7/th Gurope co$t/$e$t4 , Al A6har -$/#ers/t /s /$ <a/ro4 , Shah @a/sal MosEue /s /$ 'slamaba04 , J/braeel 7/ll be 2/rst perso$ Euest/o$e0 o$ Da o2 9/ amah4 , @rom amo$gst the a$/mals= the 2/rst a$/mal to be brought bac+ to l/2e 7/ll be the 8uraaE o2 *rophet Muhamma04 , The 2/rst meal /$ Ja$$ah 7/ll be 2/sh l/#er4 , The 2/rst 'baa0at o$ earth 7as Tauba &repe$ta$ce(4 , The 2/rst Mu:a00/0 o2 'slam /s 3a6rat -mar b/$ Ab0ul A6/64 , @/rst boo+ o2 3a0/th comp/le0 7as Muata b 'mam Mal/+4 , MosEue o2 *rophet 7as 0amage0 0ue to 2/re /$ the re/g$ o2 Motas/m 8/llah4

, Jam/a mosEue o2 Damascus 7as bu/lt b 1al/0 b/$ Mal/+4 , 8a0shah/ mosEue >ahore 7as bu/lt b Shah Jaha$4 , @a/sal mosEue 7as ope$e0 2or publ/c /$ 19874 , -mm.us.Saheeha/$ /s 'mam Mal/+? Mauta4 , Moh0? b/$ 'smael 8u+har/ compr/se0 o2 !=000 ha0/ths , 8u+har/ Shar/2 H Musl/m Shar/2 are calle0 Sah/ha/$4 , 'mam T/rma6 7as a stu0e$t o2 Abu Da7oo04 , 'mam "/sa/KAhme0 b/$ Shoa/b4 , )/tab.ul.)hara: 7as 7r/tte$ b 'mam Abu Lousu24 , Mahmoo0 Fha6$a#/ calle0 +/0$apper o2 scholars4 , Dara Sha+oh 7as a m st/c4 , Mulla$a "/6am.u0.D/$ 2ou$0e0 the school o2 Dars.e."/6am/a4 , ;ab/a 8asr 7as bor$ /$ 95 A434 , 8aEee 8/llah re#olte0 aga/$st A+barBs 0ee$.e.'lah/ 2/rstl 4 , Sha/+h Ahme0 S/rha$0/ 7as g/#e$ the t/tle o2 Mu:a0/0 al2 Sa$/ b Mulla$a Ab0ul 3a+eem4 , 8aba @aree0 Fa$: Sha+r marr/e0 to the 0aughter o2 8alba$4 , Toos/ bu/lt Margha astro$om/cal obser#ator 4 , Mamoo$ o2 7est /s al.5ahra7/4 , Shah 1al/ullah 7rote Ma7ahb.ur.;ehma$4

AlBQuran A
3 %ali9a /a&&ai'a is 9entioned in Q(ran for 6 ti9es5 3 /$e )ord Q(ran 9eans Jread oneK5 3 114 total n(9'er of S(ra$ 3 S(ra$ 9eans !it& of +ef("e5 3 H6 Makki S(ra$5 3 6H Madine S(ra$5 3 55H +(k(s5 3 l-*a@ra$ is t$e lon"est S(ra$5 3 l- %a(sar is t$e s$ortest S(ra$5 3 l-;ass is t$e last s(ra$5 3 14 'o)s are in Q(ran5 3 7irst 'o) o!!(rs in 9t$ Para i5e l->naa9 S(ra$5 3 l-7ait$a is t$e 4refa!e of t$e $ol& Q(ran5 3 7ive verses )ere reveled in t$e first )a$&5 3 ;a9a: !o99anded in @(ran for 7<< ti9es5 3 l->9arn is t$e s(ra$ in )$i!$ -a== is !o99anded5 3 l-M(dassar-6nd +evealed S(ra$5 3 l-M(:a99il- Ard +evealed S(ra$5 3 l-/a('a does not start )it$ *is9illa$5 3 l-;a9al !ontains t)o *is9illa$s5 3 /$ree s(ra$ starts )it$ !(rse5

3 6666 is t$e n(9'er of &ats5 3 69 total n(9'er of M(kata8t5 3 -a:rat 0s9an )as t$e first -afi: of t$e -ol& Q(ran5 3 -a:rat %$alid *in Saeed, t$e first )riter of 2a$&5 3 Ga4 'et)een first )a$& and se!ond )a$& )as 6 9ont$s5 3 16 G$a:a)a$s des!ri'ed in -ol& Q(ran5 3 'd(lla$ >'n ''as, t$e first !o99entator of t$e Q(ran and also kno)n as inter4reter of t$e Q(aran5 3 >n s(ra$ l-Saf, -o& 4ro4$et is addressed as $9ed5 3 G$ar-e-Sor is 9entioned in S(ra$ l-/a('a5 3 4 S(r$as start )it$ Q(l5 (!$kd# 3 -a:rat 09ar 4ro4osed t$e !o94ilation of -ol& Q(ran5 3 l- ;asr is kno)n as S(ra$ 2ida$5 3 7irst ann(lled order of $ol& @(ran )as t$e transfer of Qi'la5 3 /$e )ord >sla9 o!!(rs 6 ti9es in t$e Q(ran5 3 'd(l Malik Mar)an a44lied t$e dots in t$e -ol& Q(ran5 3 -a==a= 'in &o(s(f a44lied dia!riti!al 4oints in Q(aran5 3 H Si4aras starts )it$ *is9illa$5 3 A7 total n(9'er of s(ra$ in last 4ara$5 3 l- *a@ra$ and S(ra$ l-;issa is s4read over A Para$s5 3 l-7al@ and l-;as revealed at t$e sa9e ti9e5 3 A S(ra$ stats )it$ JEa &anana'i&a(K5 3 Cit& of +o9e is 9entioned in -ol& Q(ran5 3 S(ra$ Easeen is kno)n as -eart of Q(ran5 3 S(ran +e$9an is kno)n as 'ea(t& of Q(ran5 3 /afseer >'n %aseer )as )ritten '& -afi: >s9aeed *in 09ar->9a9 0d 1in5 3 7irst revealed s(ra$ )as l la@, 96 in arran"e9ent 3 Co94lete revelation in 6A &ears5 3 S('=e!t of -ol& Q(ran is Man5 3 Last S(ra$ reveled in l-;asr5 3 +isalat 9eans to !onve& 9essa"e5 3 65 4ro4$ets 9entioned in $ol& Q(ran5 3 -ol& Q(ran !onsist 1<56H4 )ords and A6A67<< letters5 3 Lon"est &at of -ol& Q(ran is &at(l %(rsi5 3 6 S(ra$ start )it$ t$e na9e of 4ro4$ets5 3 S(ra$ 9ar&a9 )$oll& revealed for a )o9an5 3 >n *ani >sraeel and l-;a=af t$e event of Mira= is eD4lained5 3 Last revelation des!ended on Ard +a'i-(l )al and it )as )ritten '& 'i- *in %a'5 (!$k# 3 Lan"(a"e of 1ivine *ooks5 3 /a(rat -e're) 3 >n=il Siria! 3 B('(r Siria! 3 -ol& Q(ran ra'i!5 3 /a(rat )as t$e first revealed 'ook5 3 -ol& Q(ran )as reveled in 66& 59 14 da&s5

3 /$ere are 7 sta"es in -ol& Q(ran5 3 'd(lla$ >'n ''as is !alled as leader of !o99entators5 3 4ollo 15 4la!ed t$e !o4& of t$e -ol& Q(ran on t$e 9oon5 3 /ar=a9a-(l-Q(aran is )ritten '& 'd(l-%ala9 :ad5 3 /$eodore *aile& in 114A translated -ol& Q(ran in Latin, for t$e first ti9e5 3 7irst M(sli9 inter4reter of Q(ran in .n"lis$ is %$alifa 'd(l -akee95 3 S$a$ 2ali(lla$ /ranslated -ol& Q(ran in Persian and S$a$ +afi(ddin in 0rd( in 17765 3 -afi: Lak$vi translated -ol& Q(ran in P(n=a'i5 3 +oss translated t$e -ol& Q(ran in to .n"lis$5 3 S(ra$ la@ )as revealed on 1Ht$ +a9:an5(!ontradi!tor&# 3 ;(9'er of a&ats in al-*akar is 6H65 3 Lon"est Makki S(ra$ is araf5 3 Se!ond lon"est S(ra$ is s$ra$I l->9ran5 3 S(ra$ %a(sar $as A a&ats5 3 7irst S(ra$ !o94ilation )ise is S(ra$ 7ati$a5 3 7ati$a 9eans o4enin"5 3 7ati$a !ontains 7 aa&ats5 3 7ati$a is also !alled 099(l %ita'5 3 7irst s(ra$ revealed in Madina )as s(ra$ 7ati$a5 3 S(ra$ 7ati$a revealed t)i!e-in Makka$ G Madina5 3 n"les 9entioned in Q(ran are75 3 Meanin" of a&at is Si"n5 3 Meanin" of -adit$ is to take5 3 Stone 9entioned in Q(ran is r('& (Eaak(t#5 3 7irst Sa=da o!!(rs in 9t$ Para, l->naa9 S(ra$5 3 Lon"est S(ra$ (al-*akr# !overs 1I16t$ of Q(ran5 3 Madni S(ra$s are "enerall& lon"er5 3 Madni S(ra$s !onsist of1IArd of Q(ran5 3 Makki S(ra$s !onsist of6IArd of Q(ran5 3 S(ra$ >k$las is 116 S(ra$ of Q(ran5 3 7irst !o94lete Madni S(ra$ is *a@ara$5 3 ;a9es of Q(ran 9entioned in Q(ran is 555 3 S(ra$s na9ed after ani9als are 4 in n(9'er5 3 ;a9al 9eans nt5 3 S(ra$ >naa9 9eans Ca9el5 3 S(ra$ ;a$l 9eans -one& 'ee5 3 S(ra$ nka'oot 9eans s4ider5 3 /$e 9a=or 4art of Q(ran is revealed at ni"$t ti9e5 3 Generall& aa&ats of Sa=ida o!!(r in Makki S(ra$s5 3 1< virt(es are 'lessed for re!itation of one )ord of Q(ran5 3 S(ra$ nfal 9eans Cave5 3 >n ;a9l t)o 'is9illa$ o!!(r (6nds one is at aa&at noLA<# 3 S(ra$ %a$f 9eans t$e !ave5 3 M(:a99il 9eans 2ra44ed in "ar9ents5 3 %a(sar 9eans '(ndan!e5

3 ;asr 9eans -el45

AlBQuran @
3 >k$las 9eans P(rit& of fait$5 3 7alak 9eans 1a)n5 3 0n-;ass 9eans Mankind5 3 l-al@ 9eans Clot of 'lood5 3 l9 ;as$ra$ 9eans .D4ansion5 3 0:-:(k$r(f 9eans ,rna9ents5 3 S(ra$ +a$9an is in 67t$ Para5 3 *ride of Q(ran is +a$9an S(ra$5 3 S(ra$ Easin is in 66nd and 6Ard Para5 3 Present s$a4e of @(ran is /a(fee@i5 3 Q(ran is t$e "reatest 9ira!le of Pro4$et5 3 2ord s(ra$ $as o!!(rred in Q(ran 9 ti9es5 3 7irst seven aa&ats of @(ran are !alled /a))al5 3 /$e al4$a'et lf !o9es 9ost of ti9es and lf, B()ad l4$a'et !o9es least n(9'er of ti9es5 3 Q(ran is )ritten in Prose G Poetr&5 3 Q(ran is also re"arded as a 9an(al of S!ien!e5 3 S(ra$ l@ is 'ot$ Makki and Madni5 3 ;a9e of M($a99ad is 9entioned in Q(ran for 4 ti9es5 3 da9 is 9entioned in S(ra$ araf5 3 first Sind$i translation of Q(ran '& ak$(nd :i:(lla$ -alai 3 /orat 9eans li"$t5 3 Ba'oor 9eans Pie!esI *ook )ritten in 'i" letters5 3 >n=eel 9eans Good ne)s5 3 99 n(9'er of aa&ats des!ri'e %$ata9-e- ;a'()at5 3 Co99and a"ainst F(va G a94(tation of $ands !a9e Ht$ 53 La)s a'o(t or4$ana"e revealed in A 5-5 3 La)s a'o(t Bina revealed in 5 5-5 3 La)s a'o(t in$eritan!e revealed in A 5-5 3 >n 4t$ 5- )ine )as 4ro$i'ited5 3 /$e order of -i=a' for )o9en reveled in 4t$ 5-5 3 'l(tion 9ade o'li"ator& in 5t$ 5-5 3 >n S(ra$ l-;isa t$e !o99and9ent of 2(:( is 4resent5 3 Pro!ed(re of a'l(tion is 4resent in S(ra$ Maida$5 3 >n 4 5- /a&a99(9 )as "ranted5 3 >nterest )as 4ro$i'ited in Ht$ 5-5 3 /$e order of -i=ia' reveled in Ht$ -i=ra$5 (!$k# 3 1(rin" "$a:)a *an( M(stali@ t$e !o99and of ta&a9(9 )as reveled5 3 Q(ran re!ited in Medina firstl& in t$e 9os@(e ;a'(:dee@5 3 Q(ran verse a'ro"atin" a 4revio(s order is !alled ;aasik$5

3 7irst 9an to re!ite Q(ran in Makka$L 'd(lla$ 'in Masood5 3 7or9s of revelation "ranted to Pro4$et )ere A ()a$i,%as$f,drea9# 3 7irst 9et$od of revelation of Q(ran 2a$i5 3 %as$f 9eans ?ision5 3 >nitiall& Q(ran )as 4reserved in 9e9or& for95 3 fter 09ar8s deat$, !o4& of @(ran )as 4assed on to -afsa5 3 ,nl& Sa$a'i 9entioned in Q(ran Baid 'in -aris5(s(ra$ a$:a'# 3 Paradise is 9entioned in Q(ran for15< ti9es5 3 Se!tion of Paradise in )$i!$ Pro4$ets )ill d)ell Ma$9ood5 3 1oors of -ell are 75 3 S('terranean 4art of $ell is -a)ia5 3 ;(9'er of an"les of $ell 195 3 Gate-kee4er of $ell Malik5 3 Gate-kee4er of $eaven +i:)an5 3 Pla!e of $eaven at )$i!$ 4eo4le )$ose "ood deeds e@(al 'ad deeds )ill 'e ke4t in araf5 3 tree in $ell e9er"in" fro9 its 'ase is Bakoon5 3 ;a9e of t$e 9o(ntain of $ell is Sa(d5 3 -eaven on eart$ )as '(ilt '& S$adad5 3 /$e )ord >sla9 $as 'een (sed at 96 4la!es in t$e $ol& @(ran5 3 7irst revelation )ritten '& %$alid 'in Saeed 3 Last )a$i )ritten '& 'i >'n %aaf5 3 Last )a$i !a9e onArd +a'i(l )al 11 51 3 >n 15t$ Para t$e event of Mira= is 9entioned5 3 .D!e4t t$e na9e of Mar&a9 t$e na9e of no ot$er )o9an $as !o9e eD4li!itl& in t$e Q(ran5 3 >'lees )ill not 'e 4(nis$ed )it$ fire '(t )it$ !old5 3 >'lees8s ref(sal to 4rostrate 'efore 9an is 9entioned in %(ran for 9 ti9es5 3 >'lees 9eans Jdisa44ointed oneK5 3 l-%a(sar relates to deat$ of Qasi9 and -a:rat 'd(lla$ 3 Fi'rail !a9e 64 <<< ti9es into t$e !o(rt of t$e Pro4$et5 3 Q(ran $as 'een translated into fift& lan"(a"es to date5 3 >f a )o9an 9arries t$e se!ond ti9e, s$e )ill 'e in Fanna$ )it$ t$e se!ond $(s'and5 (-adit$# 3 /$e .art$ and t$e -eaven )ere !reated '& lla$ in 6 da&s, it is des!ri'ed in S(ra$ E(n(s5 3 Baid 'in /$a'it !olle!ted t$e Q(ran in t$e for9 of *ook5 3 /ar=(9an(l Q(ran 'd(lla$ 'in ''as5 3 >n S(ra$ M(::a9il verse 7A readin" @(ran slo)l& and !learl& is ordained5 3 4 Mos@(e 9entioned in -ol& Q(ran5 3 Fi'raeel is referred in Q(ran as r-roo$5 3 >n Q(ran +oo$-al-Q(d(s is Fi'rael it 9eans $ol& s4irit5 3 >n Q(ran +oo$-al- 9een is Fi'rael5 3 >n!$ar"e of Provisions is Mekaeel5 3 /$e an"el )$o )as sent to Pro4$ets as a $el4er a"ainst ene9ies of lla$ )as Fi'raeel5

3 /$e n"el )$o so9eti9es !arried lla$8s 4(nis$9ent for -is diso'edients )as Fi'raeel5 3 Fi'rael is 9entioned in Q(ran for t$ree ti9es5 3 ,ld /esta9ent is t$e /orait5 3 ;e) /esta9ent is >n=eel5 3 Psal9s is B('oor5 3 Gos4al is >n=eel5 3 Pro4$et is !alled 7ar@aleet in >n=eel5 3 /a$arat-e-S("$ra is 2(:(5 3 /$ere are t)o t&4es of 7ar:5 3 Saloos-(l-Q(ran is S(ra$ >k$las5 3 roos-(l-Q(ran i5e 'ride of Q(ran is l-+e$9an5 3 Meanin" of *a@ara$L /$e Goat 3 >n S(ra$ 2a@i&a t$e )ord l-Q(ran (l -akee9 is (sed5 3 7irst 2a$i )as revealed on 17 +a9:an5 3 /)o S(ra$s are na9ed )it$ one letter $eadin"5 3 S(ra$ *a@ara G le >9ran are kno)n as B($raveen5 3 2ine is ter9ed in Q(ran as %$(9ar5 3 /$e first a(t$orit& for t$e !o94ilation of $adis is 5 3 Sa$i$ *(k$ari !ontains 7A97 a$adis5

Prophets A
P+,P-./S ,7 >SL M 3 da9 )as !reated on F(9a da&5 3 da9 landed in Sri Lanka on da98s Peak Mo(ntain5 3 da9 is a )ord of S&riani lan"(a"e5 3 da9 $ad 6 da("$ters5 3 %a'eel killed -a'eel 'e!a(se $e )anted to 9arr& klee9a5 3 /$e first 4erson to 'e 4(t into -ell )ill 'e Qaa'il5 3 da9 $ad A sons5 3 S$ees )as &o(n"est son of da95 3 "e of da9 at S$ees$8s 'irt$ )as 1A< &ears5 3 da9 )alked fro9 >ndia to Makka$ and 4erfor9ed fort& -a==5 3 da9 kne) 1<< <<< lan"(a"es5 (+oo$(l *a&aan# 3 '(l *as$er is !alled to -a:rat da95 3 -a:rat da9 '(ilt first 9os@(e on eart$5 3 -ei"$t of da9 )as 9< feet5 3 "e of da9 at t$e ti9e of $is deat$ 95< &ears5 3 -a:rat da98s "rave is in Sa(di ra'ia5 3 Se!ond 4ro4$et is S$ees$5 3 S$ees$ 4assed a)a& at t$e a"e of 916 &ears5 3 ;oa$ "ot 4ro4$et$ood at t$e a"e of 4< 3 ;oa$8s ark )as 4<< D 1<< &ards area5 3 rk of ;oa$ sto44ed at F(di Mo(ntain (/(rke&#5 3 ;oa$ 4rea!$ed for 95< &ears5 3 ;ation of ;oa$ )ors$i44ed 5 idols5 3 ;ation of ;oa$ )as eDter9inated t$ro("$ t$e flood5 3 Pi"eon )as sent for t$e sear!$ of land '& -a:rat ;oo$5 3 ;oa$ )as sent to >ra@5 3 6646 &ears after da9, /oofan-e-;oa$ o!!(rred5 3 'o(t H< 4eo4le )ere )it$ $i9 in t$e 'oat5 3 1(ration of stor9 of ;oa$ )as for 6 9ont$s5 3 ;oa$ lived for 95< &ears5 3 ;oo$ is !alled 4rede!essor, ;a=i 0lla$M S$aik$ (l 9'i&a5 3 '( (l *as$r Sani is title of ;oa$5 3 fter toofan-e-noo$ , t$e !it& esta'lis$ )as %$asran 3 >'ra$i9 )as t$ro)n into t$e fire '& t$e order of ;a9r(d5 3 -a:rat >'ra$ee9 intended to sa!rifi!e >s9aeel at Mina5 3 >'ra$i9 )as 'orn at 9er near .(4$rate (>ra@# 3 >'ra$ee9 )as firstl& ordered to 9i"rate to Palestine5 3 7irst )ife of >'ra$ee9 )as Saara$5 3 Se!ond )ife of >'ra$ee9 )as -aa=ira$5 3 :aa' of 9os@(itoes )as sent to t$e nation of >'ra$i9 3 'ra$a9 is !alled k$alil(lla$, fat$er of 4ro4$ets and >dol 1estro&er5

3 "e of 'ra$a9 at t$e ti9e of $is deat$ 175 &ears5 3 Grave of 'ra$a9 is in >srael5(S&ria !$k it#5 3 >'ra$i9 is '(ried at -e'ron in Fer(sale95 3 'ra$e9 invented !o9'5 3 -a:rat Loot )as !onte94orar& of -a:arat >'ra$ee9 3 'ra$a9 re9ained in fire 4< da&s5 3 /era$ or a:er )as t$e fat$er of >'ra$ee95 3 Grave of L(t is in >ra@5 3 L((t died at Palestine and is '(ried at -e'ron5 3 >'ra$ee9 )as t$e (n!le of L((t5 3 Loot )as 9aternal "randfat$er of &('5 3 -a:art Loot )as t$e first to 9i"rate5 3 L((t resided at 0r near Meso4ota9ia5 3 L((t 9i"rated to Sodo9 and Go9orra$ 3 >s9aeel is !alled '(-al- ra'5 3 Mot$er of >s9aeel )as -aa=ra$5 3 >s$aa@ '(ilt 'o(ndaries of Mas=id-e- @saa5 3 >s$aa@ )as sent to Fe)s5 3 t M(@a9-e->'ra$ee9, t$ere are i94rints of >'ra$ee95 3 >'ra$i9 )as first 4erson to !ir!(9!ise $i9self and $is son5 3 Sara )ife of >'ra$i9 and 9ot$er of >s$a@ )as sister of Loot5 3 -a=ra t$e )ife of >'ra$i9 )as da("$ter of P$aroa$ of ."&4t5 3 >'ra$i9 )as H6 &ears old )$en >s9ael )as 'orn5 3 >'ra$i9 )as ordered to 9i"rate alon" )it$ fa9il& to valle& of *at$a 9eanin" Makka$5 3 >'ra$i9 )as sent to Fordan after leavin" -aa=ra$ and >s9aeel 3 "e of >'ra$ee9 at t$e 'irt$ of >s$a@ )as 1<< &ears and of Saara$ )as 9< &ears5 3 7irst )ife of >'ra$i9 resided at Palestine5 3 >'ra$i9 intended to sa!rifi!e >s9aeel at Mina on 1<t$ B(l -a==5 3 s a res(lt of sa!rifi!e of >s9ael, >'ra$i9 )as "ifted a 'a'& fro9 Saara$ na9ed >s$a@5 3 Ba9 Ba9 e9er"ed fro9 'eneat$ t$e foot of -a:rat >s9aeel in t$e valle& of *at$a (Makka$#5 3 -a:rat >s9ail dis!overed -a=ar-e- s)ad5 3 >s9aeel $ad 15 sons5 3 Ba'ee(lla$ and '( al ra' are !alled to -a:rat >s9aeel5 3 >s9ael divor!ed $is )ife 'ein" dis!o(rteo(s5 3 Fi'rael 'ro("$t sa!red stone to >s9ael5 3 ,ri"inal !olo(r of t$e sa!red stone )as )$ite5 3 Ga'riel "ave t$e ne)s of >s$aa@ to >'ra$i95 3 >s$a@ 9arried +e'e!!a5 3 ,ld na9e of Makka$ )as *at$a5 3 -a:rat >dress )as eD4ert in astrono9&5 3 0:air 'e!a9e alive after re9ainin" dead for one $(ndred &ears5 3 2$ale S)allo)ed -a:rat Eo(n(s ( S#5(!$k# 3 -a:rat Ea@(' $as t$e title of >srael

3 1 La! 64 t$o(sand- total n(9'er of 4ro4$ets5 3 -a:rat >drees )as t$e first )$o learnt to )rite5 3 -o) 9an& Sa$ifa& )ere revealed to -a:rat >drees ( S#C A< 3 Pro4$et Ea$&a 5S )as sent to 4eo4le of Fordan5 3 -a:rat >drees ( 5S# set (4 1H< !ities5 3 Pro4$et >s$a@ 5S lost $is e&e si"$t in old a"e5 3 -a:rat 1a)ood !o(ld 9o(ld iron easil& )it$ $is $and5 3 /$e event of rin" is related to -a:rat S(lai9an5 3 -a:arat Moosa( 5S# $ad i94edi9ent in $is ton"(e 3 Moosa )as "ranted 9 9ira!les5 3 M(sa !rossed t$e +ed Sea5 3 /$e 4ro4$et 9entioned in Q(ran for 9ost of ti9es is Moosa5 3 /en !o99and9ents )ere revealed on Moosa5 3 Moosa died on 'aree9 9o(ntain5 3 Grave of M(sa is in >srael5 3 /ea!$er of Moosa )as S$oai'5 3 Moosa )as 'ro("$t (4 '& asia *int Mo:a$i95 3 .lder 'rot$er of Moosa )as -aroon5 3 Moosa $ad onl& one 'rot$er5 3 >n /oo)a valle& Moosa )as "ranted 4ro4$et$ood5 3 n ."&4tian )as killed '& Moosa5 3 -aroon )as an elo@(ent s4eaker5 3 -aroon is '(ried at ,$ad5 3 -aroon G M(sa 'ot$ )ere 4ro4$ets and !onte94oraries5 3 Pro4$et &(' s(ffered fro9 Skin 1isease5 3 -a:rat &(' )as fa9o(s for $is 4atien!e5 3 /$e 9ira!le of 1ro9edar& (!a9el# is !on!erned )it$ Sale$ 3 4 4ro4$ets )ere sent to *ani >sraeel5 3 766 lan"(a"es )ere (nderstood '& -a:rat >drees5 3 -a:rat Sale$ invented Soa45 3 %aloriL $ill, fro9 )$ere >sa )as lifted alive5 3 Bikrai&a )as !ar4enter5 3 -ar:at Bikrai&a )as !(t )it$ t$e Sa)5 3 da9 G 1a)ood are addressed as %$alifa in Q(ran5 3 S(lai9an G 1a)ood (nderstood lan"(a"e of t$e 'irds5 3 /$e tree of date 4al9 "re) on t$e eart$ for t$e first ti9e5 3 t -anif 9os@(e at Mina al9ost 7< 4ro4$ets are '(ried5 3 Pro4$ets atta!$ed )it$ t$e 4rofession of )eavin" are da9, >drees G S$aeet5 3 -a:rat &o(n(s )as eaten '& s$ark fis$5 3 Eo(n(s 4ra&ed L >L - ;/ S0*- ; % >;> %0;/0M M>; B L>M>; in t$e 'ell& of fis$5 3 Grave of 1a)ood is in >srael5 3 Ea$&a8s to9' is in 1a9as!(s5 3 *ilal -a's$i is '(ried in 1a9as!(s5 3 Pro4$et )it$ 9elodio(s voi!e 1a)ood5 3 live 4ro4$ets are >sa G %$i:r5

P1>P7*T# @
3 B(noon (lord of fis$# G Sa$i'(l -oot L Eo(n(s5 3 /$e 4ro4$et )$ose 4eo4le )ere last to s(ffer divine 4(nis$9ent Sale$5 3 S(lei9an died )$ile standin" )it$ t$e s(44ort of a sti!k5 3 s$a'-e-%a$f sle4t for A<9 &ears5 3 /$e n(9'er of s$a'-e-%a$f )as 75 3 Sale$ invented soa45 3 >drees )as eD4ert in astrono9&5 3 Pro4$et 'efore M($a99ad )as >saa!5 3 -a:rat .ssa ( 5S# )as !ar4enter '& 4rofession5 3 *esides .ssa, Ea$&a also "ot 4ro4$et $ood in !$ild$ood5 3 *ait(l La$a9 is t$e 'irt$ Pla!e of -a:rat .ssa ( S# is sit(ated in Fer(salae95 3 >sa )o(ld !(re t$e vi!ti9s of le4ros&5 3 Bakria )as !onte94orar& of >sa5 3 >sa )as t$e !o(sin of Ea$&a5 3 +o9ans kin"do9 )as esta'lis$ed in Palestine at .sa8s 'irt$5 3 +o9ans )ere t$eists5 3 +(ler of Palestine at t$e 'irt$ of .sa )as -erod5 3 Mar&(9 "re) (4 in t$e $o(se of Bakai&&a5 3 *esides .sa , da9 )as also a fat$erless 4ro4$et5 3 .sa 'orn at *et$le$e95 3 .sa )as 'orn in 4 *5C5 3 Ea$a&a )as t$e 4re!(rsor of .essa5 3 Conte94orar& of Ea$&a )as .essa5 3 Ea$&a is '(ried at S&ria5 3 ,(r 4ro4$et $as t$e title -a'i'(lla$5 3 Pro4$et 1a)ood $as t$e title ;a=ee' 0lla$5 3 Pro4$et Fes(s !rist is !alled +oo$-(l-0lla$5 3 /(r-e-Sina )as t$e 9o(ntain )$ere -a:rat M(sa ( S# re!eived lla$8s 9essa"e5 3 -a:rat M(sa )as %ali9(lla$5 3 S!ien!e, astrono9&, )ritin" )it$ 4en, se)in" and )ea4ons )ere 9ade '& >drees first of all5 3 A< Sa$ifa& )as revealed to >drees5 3 ad )as t$e nation of -ood5 3 fter seven da&8s !ontin(o(s rain and stor9 t$e nation of -ood destro&ed5 3 ;ation of Sa9ood )as 4rea!$ed '& Sali$5 3 Mira!le of 4re"nant fe9ale !a9el )as sent to Sa9ood5 3 A Sa$ifa& )ere revealed to >'ra$i95 3 >srael )as t$e son of >s$a@5 3 >srael )as 147 &ears old )$en >s$a@ died5 3 Mo(ntains )o(ld 'reak '& t$e 9ira!le of Ea@oo'5 3 M(sa 9arried t$e da("$ter of S$oai'5

3 1(e to Bakria8s 4ra&er Ea$&a )as 'orn5 3 Eo(s(f re9ained in =ail for 1< &ears5 3 Eo(s(f and Ea@oo' 9et ea!$ ot$er after 4< &ears5 3 Eo(s(f )as t$e son of Ea@oo'5 3 Eo(s(f8s fa9il& )as !alled t$e >sraeelites5 3 +eal 'rot$er of Eo(s(f )as *in Ea9en5 3 Eo(s(f )as sold as a slave in ."&4t5 3 Eo(s(f $ad 16 'rot$ers5 3 Eo(s(f )as fa9o(s for $is 'ea(t& G kne) fa!ts of drea9s5 3 Mot$er of Eo(s(f )as +a!$el5 3 Ea@oo' lost $is e&e-si"$t in 9e9or& of Eo(s(f5 3 ;ation of S$oai' !o99itted e9'e::le9ent in tr(sts5 3 S$oai' !alled S4eaker of t$e Pro4$ets5(%$atee' (l a9'i&a# 3 S$oai' "ot 'linded for )ee4in" over destr(!tion of $is nation5 3 >l&as 4ra&ed for nation it rained after a 4eriod of A16 &ears5 3 0:air reasse9'led all !o4ies of /a(rait5 3 /aloot )as t$e fat$er-in-la) of 1a)ood5 3 1a)ood )as "ood 4la&er of fl(te5 3 7o(ntain of Co44er flo)ed fro9 S(la&9an5 3 2ood4e!ker !onve&ed S(la&9an8s 9essa"e to Sa'a @(een5 3 Eo(n(s re9ained in fis$ for 4< da&s5 3 %in" -erod(s ordered t$e eDe!(tion of Ea$&a5 3 Polit(s on +o9an "overnor8s orders tried eDe!(tion of >sa5 3 1a)ood is !alled as ;a=ee' 0lla$5 3 >n @(ran ten !o99and9ents are na9ed )a9ir-i- s$ara5 3 /ea!$er of -akee9 L(k9an )as 1a)ood5 3 Pro4$ets lifted alive >sa,>dreesG>l&as5 3 >drees )as dire!ted to 9i"rate '& lla$ to ."&4t5 3 >drees )as t$e first 9an to learn to )rite5 3 >drees )as taken alive to -eavens at t$e a"e of A65 E5 3 Gnosti!s re"arded S$ees$ as a divine e9anation5 3 Gnosti!s 9eans S$eesinas and in$a'ited ."&4t5 3 >drees )as sent to Gnosti!s5 3 >dol )ors$i4 )as for'idden '& >dress to 4eo4le5 3 >dress )as s4e!ial friend of one of t$e an"els5 3 >drees re9ained in 4t$ $eaven5 3 >dreess died in t$e )in"s of t$e an"el5 3 Pi"eon )as sent for t$e sear!$ of land '& ;oa$5 3 Sa9, -a9 G +i&&afas )ere t$e !$ildren of ;oa$5 3 *ani ad settled in Ee9en5 3 S$addad )as fa9o(s kin" of *ani ad5 3 Glorio(s 4ala!e near dan '(ilt '& *ani ad )as kno)n as Garden of >ra95 3 S$addad kin"do9 )as eDtended to >ra@5 3 violent stor9 )as sent to *ani ad5 3 Grave of -ood is at -a:ar9oat5 3 ,9an, Ee9en G -a:ar9oat are in So(t$ern ra'ia5

3 >n +a=a', ra's visit t$e "rave of -ood5 3 *ani Sa9ood lived in 2adi al-Q(ra G 2adi al--a=r5 3 2adi al-Q(ra, 2adi al--a=r are in S&ria G -i=a:5 3 ?ol!ani! er(4tion )as sent to *ani sa9ood5 3 Conte94orar& of >'ra$i9 )as L(t5 3 -ood )as t$e (n!le of >'ra$ee95 3 dreadf(l eart$@(ake )as sent to 4eo4le of L((t5 3 ;ative area of >'ra$ee9 )as Meso4ota9ia5 3 S(rna9e of /era$ )as a:ar5 3 7at$er of Eaa@oo' and .sa( )as >s$a@5 3 7at$er-in-la) of &&oo' )as Ea@oo'5 3 >s$a@ is '(ried in Palestine5 3 "e of >s$a@ )$en $e )as 'lessed )it$ t)ins )as 6< E5 3 E(n(s )as t$e t)in 'rot$er of Eaa@oo'5 3 Pro4$et 'esto)ed )it$ kin"s$i4 of lla$L 1a)ood5 3 1a)ood )as a soldier of /al(t5 3 1a)ood lived in *ait-(l-La$95 3 /al(t )as also kno)n as Sa(l5 3 1a)ood is '(ried at Fer(sale95 3 Eo(n"est son of 1a)ood )as S(la&9aan5 3 Mot$er of S(la&9an )as Sa'a5 3 S(la&9an as!ended t$e t$rone of Foodia5 3 S(la&9aan )as a "reat lover of $orses5 3 /$e r(ler of Ee9en in t$e ti9e of S(la&9an )as Sa'a5 3 -(d -(d infor9ed S(l&9an a'o(t t$e kin"do9 of Ee9en5 3 Sa'a 9eans *il@ees5 3 2$ose kin"do9 !a9e (nder a fa9ine in t$e ti9es of >l&asL %in" of $a'5 3 >l&as8s nation )ors$i44ed idol na9d Lal5 3 >l&as disa44eared 9&sterio(sl&5 3 S(!!essor of >l&as )as l-&a-sa$5 3 Co(sin of l-&a-Sa& )$o )as 4ro4$et )as >l&as5 3 0:air re9ained died for 1<< &ears5 3 7or 1H &ears &&oo' s(ffered fro9 skin disease5 3 +eal na9e of B(ll %ifl is >sai$ and %$ar@il 'in /$a(ri5 3 E(n(s died in ;ineve$5 3 7at$er of Ea$&a )as Bakari&&a5 3 /r(stee of -ekal )as Bakiri&&a5 3 Bakari&a $id $i9self in t$e !over of t$e tree and )as !(t into t)o 4ie!es '& Fe)s5 3 Mar&(9 lived at ;a:aret$ 'efore .sa8s 'irt$5 3 Mar&(9 9i"rated to ."&4t after .sa8s 'irt$5 3 ;(9'er of -a)arin of Moosa )as 165 3 Fe)s and +o9ans )ere )orried a'o(t .sa8s infl(en!e5 3 7irst 4ro4$et to de9ar!ate Mas=id-e- @saa )as >s$aa@5 3 1a)ood8s real na9e )as 'ar5 3 $san (l Qasas is t$e life $istor& of $a:rat Eo(sif5

3 ;e'(!$adne::er )as r(ler of *a'&lon, $e fo(nded -an"in" "arden )$i!$ is one of t$e )onders of t$e )orld5 3 Qaidar )as one of t$e sons of >s9ail )$o sta&ed at -i=a:5 3 >drees (sed t$e first 4en5 3 7o(r 9'i&a$ are still 4$&si!all& alive t$e& are .sa and >drees in t$e skies and %$idr and >l&aas are on t$e eart$5

5sla$
>SL M , 'stalam /s +/ss/$g o2 3a:r As7a04 , 'slam has 2 ma:or sects4 , There are 5 2u$0ame$ts o2 'slam4 , 2 t pes o2 2a/th4 , 5 Art/cles o2 2a/th4 , Tehl/l mea$s the rec/tat/o$ o2 )al/ma4 , Dee$.e.3a$/2 /s a$ ol0 $ame o2 'slam4 , @/rst /$st/tut/o$ o2 'slam /s Su22ah4 , 3aE Mahar /$ 'slam /s 2/Ae0 o$l !00 m/sEal4 , ':ma mea$s age/$g upo$ a$ sub:ect4 , 9a as mea$s reaso$/$g b a$alog 4 , There are 2our schools o2 thought o2 'slam/c >a74 , Ja$atul 8a+/ /s s/tuate0 /$ Ma0/$a4 , Mas:/0.e.3a$/2 /s locate0 /$ M/$a4 , JA"AT -> MOA>A /s a gra#e ar0 /$ MG<<A4 , 9a6a2? 2alse accusat/o$ o2 a0ulter pu$/shable 7/th 80 lashes4 , > la.tul.8arrah mea$s the "/ght o2 @org/#e$ess4 , )aram.u$.)at/b/$ mea$s 'llustr/ous 7r/ters4 , Ol0est mosEue o$ earth /s )aabatullah4 , 1st )al/maKTa ab= 2$0 KShaha0at= 3r0 KTam:ee0= !th KTauhee0= 5th KAstagh2ar= 6th K;a0.e )u2ar , 9/blah mea$s a$ th/$g /$ 2ro$t4 , Saab/ /s o$e 7ho cha$ges h/s rel/g/o$4 , S/0rat.ul.Ma$taha mea$s last tree o2 the Gter$/t 4 , Jaab/ /s o$e 7ho collects 5a+at4 , @/rst collect/o$ o2 Aha0/th /s Sah/2ah.e.Saa0/Ea4 , Sa /$g o2 *rophet are calle0 1ah/ Fha/r Matlloo4 , '$ /ma$.e.Mu2assal esse$t/al bel/e2s are 7 /$ $umber4 , The most eAalte0 a$gels are 2our4 , Freatest a$gel as per 'slam /s J/braBeel4 , Gach huma$ be/$g /s atte$0e0 perma$e$tl b t7o a$gels4 , 8ar6a+h? t/me per/o0 bet7ee$ 0eath a$0 Da o2 Ju0gme$t4 , A$other $ame o2 surah Al/.'sra /s ba$/ 'srael4

<A:AG
; M B , !8 total $umbers o2 ;a+ats are /$ @ar6 pra er4 , "ama6.e.)hasoo2 /s o22ere0 2or Moo$ Gcl/pse4 , "ama6.e.)asoo2 /s o22ere0 2or Solar Gcl/pse4 , "ama6.e.'stasEa /s o22ere0 2or ;a/$4 , 3ol *rophet o22ere0 Jumma *ra er /$ 14 A434 , "ama6.e.'stasEa /s o22ere0 7/th bac+s/0e o2 ha$0s up7ar04 , 3ol prophet o22ere0 2/rst G/0 *ra er /$ 24 A434 , G/0 "ama6 /s 1a:/b4 , Ma0ura+ /s the perso$ 7ho starts pra er 7/th 'mmam4 , MusbaE /s the perso$ 7ho comes a2ter o$e ra+at4 , @a:ar a$0 'sha 7ere esse$t/al /$ the earl per/o0 o2 'slam4 , Taha:u0 mea$ aba$0o$ sleep4 , 9aa0a /s to s/t stra/ght /$ Salat4 , Jasla /s short pause bet7ee$ t7o sa:0as4 , 9aumaa /s sta$0/$g stra/ght 0ur/$g ;u+us4 , A perso$ 7ho per2orms pra er alo$e /s Mu$2ar/04 , @ar6 /$ 7u6uK!= Su$atsK1!4 , @ar6 /$ FhusualK3= Su$atsK5 , T pes o2 Su$$ah pra er are o2 t7o t pes4 , '$ @a:r= Maghr/b H 7/tr $o chage /$ 2ar6 ra+aat /$ case o2 9asr4 , Ta+beer.e.TashreeE /s rec/te0 /$ G/0.ul.-6ha4 , Jumma pra er /s @ar6 salat4 , <o$0/t/o$s o2 Salat are Se#e$4 , ta+beer.e.Tehreema are to be sa/0 /$ the salat? o$e4 , Jasla /s 7a:/b4 , To s/t stra/ght /$ Salat /s calle0 9aBa0a4 , 9aBa0a /s 2ar64 , T7o perso$s are reEu/re0 2or a Jamat pra er4 , Salat Juma became @ar6 /$ Ma0/$a4 , @/#e salat ma0e compulsor /$ 10th "ab#/4

GAKAT
B % / , 5a+at mea$s to pur/2 4 , 5a+at 7as ma0e obl/gator /$ 24 A434 , 7.1%2 /s the $asab o2 gol0 a$0 52.1%2 tolas 2or s/l#er4 , '$:u$ct/o$ o2 ut/l/6at/o$ o2 6a+at /s /$ Surah.al Tauba4 , "umber o2 hea0s 2or 0/str/but/o$ o2 6a+at are 84 , 5a+at me$t/o$e0 alo$g 7/th "ama6 /$ the 9ura$ 22 t/mes4 , 5 <amels= !0 goats= 3 co7s a$0 bu22aloes /s $/sab 2or 6a+at4 , 1%10 /s the $/sab o2 /rr/gate0 pro0uce4 , 5a+at /s treasure o2 'slamM /t /s the sa /$g o2 hol prophet4 , -sher mea$s 1%104

, )hums mea$s 1%54 , 1or0 5a+at occurs /$ 9ura$ 2or 32 t/mes4 , '$ 2$0 A43 the rate a$0 metho0 o2 0/str/but/o$ o2 5a+at 7as 0eterm/$e0 at Ma0/$a4 , )hara: /s spo/ls o2 7ar4 , @a /s /$come 2rom to7$ la$0s4 , 5a+at o$ pro0uce o2 m/$es /s 1%5th4 , -shr o$ art/2/c/all /rr/gate0 la$0 /s 1%20th4 , Al.Fharma/$ mea$s 0ebtors4 , There are t7o t pes o2 6a+at4

/A#T5<G
3 7 S/>;G , @ast mea$s to stop4 , @ast/$g ma0e obl/gator /$ 2$0 A434 , @ast/$g /s comma$0e0 /$ al.8a+arah4 , @ee0 60 people /s the ato$eme$t 2or brea+/$g the 2ast or s/At so$t/$uous 2asts44 , 8ab.ul.;/a $ /s the 0oor 2or 2ast obser#/$g people4 , Tarra7/h mea$s to rest4 , 8attle o2 8a0r 7as 2ought /$ #er 2/rst o2 ;am6a$ o$ 17th4 , -mar arra$ge0 the "ama6.e.Tarra7/h4 , Mo$th o2 ;am6a$ /s +$o7$ as Sa ee0 us Shahoor4 , @/#e 0a s are 2orb/00e$ 2or 2ast/$g throughout the ear4 , 1a:/b mea$s or0a/$e04 , 1st Ashra o2 ;am6a$KAshra.e.;ehmat4 , 2$0 AshraKAshra.e.Magh2/rat4 , 3r0 AshraKAshra.e."/:at4

7ADD
3 - FF , 3a:: mea$s to /$te$04 , 3a:: ma0e compulsor /$ 9 A434 , @/rst 3a:: o22ere0 /$ 9 A434 , 3a:: or0a/$e0 /$ Surah 8a+r4 , The hol prophet per2orme0 o$l 1 3a:: /$ 10th A434 , There are 3 t pes o2 3a::4 , O$e ta7a2 o2 )aaba /s +$o7$ as Shoot4 , Ta7a2 beg/$s 2rom Shoot4 , "umber o2 Jamarat /s 34 , MosEue locate0 /$ M/$a /s )hee24 , At Mee+at= 3u::a: assume the state o2 'hram4 , )al/ma Tauhee0 /s rec/te0 0ur/$g 3a::4 , At M/$a the r/tual o2 o22er/$g sacr/2/ce /s per2orme0 , Jamart.thro7/$g o2 pebbles= /t /s per2orme0 o$ 10th= 11th= 12th a$0 13th o2 5ul 3a::4 , Maghr/b a$0 'sha both pra ers are o22ere0 together at Mu60al/2a o$ 9th 5/l 3a::4 , Lome.A2ra /s calle0 to 3a:: 0a 4 , "ame o2 the place 7here the p/lgr/ms go 2rom Ara2at? Mu60al2a4

, @/rst structure o2 )aaba 7as bu/lt b A0am4 , 'brah/m H 'sma/l rebu/lt )aaba !500 ears ago4 , Lum.e."ahar /s calle0 to the Da o2 Sacr/2/ce4 , Lum e Ara2at /s 9th 5ul 3a::4 , O$e +hutba /s rec/te0 0ur/$g 3a::4 , Al.'mar$ /s the surah /$ 7h/ch 3a:: /s comma$0e04 , 3ol prophet sacr/2/ce0 63 camels 0ur/$g ha::4 , A0am a$0 3a6rat 3a7a per2orme0 the 2/rst e#er 3a::4 , ;u$$/$g b%7 Sa2a H Mar7a se#e$ t/mes /s calle0 Sa ee4 , Most /mporta$t step o2 3a:: a2ter assum/$g Ahram /s 1uEu24 , 1aEoo2.e.Ar2ah /s the ;u+$.e.A6am o2 3a:: , 1/th the per2orma$ce o2 ;am/ o$ the 10th 5/l.3a::= the most o2 the b/$0/$gs o2 3a:: o$ the p/lgr/m are release04 , Three upr/ght sto$es are calle0 Jamarat4 , A2ter 1aEu2 the most /mporta$t step /s Ta7a24 , '$ 3a:: there are three obl/gat/o$s &@ar6(4 , -mrah ca$ be per2orme0 at a$ t/me throughout the ear eAcept 9th to 11th 5/l.3a::4 , 3u::a: stat at M/$a 2or o$e 0a = the seco$0 0a at Ara2at a$0 the 2/$al 0a = e$campme$t /s 0o$e 2or a $/ght at Mu60al2ah= /t /s calle0 1uEu24 , 1ho sa/0 that 3a:: /s greatest o2 all 7orsh/ps?'mam Mal/+4 , 3o7 ma$ u$0es/rable acts o2 'hraam are there? s/A4 , 3o7 ma$ perm/tte0 acts o2 'hraam are there?@our4 , *roh/b/t/o$s a$0 restruct/o$s o2 'hram are 84 , The 2/rst a$0 the 2oremost @ar6 o2 3a:: a$0 -mrah /s 'hram4 , The 2/rst a$0 /$$er most c/rcle arou$0 )aBba /s Mas:/0.e.3aram4 , The seco$0 c/rcle arou$0 )aba /s Ma++ah Mu+aramah4 , The th/r0 c/rcle arou$0 )aba /s 3aram4 , 1ho 2/rsl 2/Ae0 bou$0ar/es o2 3aram= the th/r0 c/rcle arou$0 )aaba? A0am4 , The 2ourth c/rle arou$0 )aba /s Mo7aEeet4 , The place 7here $o o$e ca$ a0#a$ce 7/thout putt/$g o$ 'hram /s Mo7aEeet4 , T7o thousa$0 ears be2ore the creat/o$ o2 A0am= )aba 7as co$structe04 , A$gels bu/lt )aba 2/rstl /$ the u$/#erse4 , Dur/$g the "oahBs t/me )aaba 0/sappeare0 0ue to 2loo04 , The gate 7h/ch /s the best 2or the p/lgr/ms to e$ter /$ )aba /s 8ab.e.Salam4 , 3a:r.e.As7a0 mea$s blac+ sto$e4 , Actual color o2 3a:r.e.As7a0 7as 7h/te4 , The small p/ece o2 la$0 b%7+ ;u+$.e.'slam a$0 ;u+$.e.Lama$/ /s calle0 3ateem4 , The place 7here o22er/$g pra er /s :ust l/+e o22er/$g pra er /$s/0e )aba /s 3ateem4 , There are 2/#e t pes o2 Ta7a24 , 3a::/ go to Al.Multa6/m a2ter complet/$g the se#e$ rou$0s4 , Al.Multa6/m mea$s the place o2 hol0/$g4 , The port/o$ o2 the 7all o2 )aba 7h/ch /s b%7 /ts 0oor a$0 3a:r.e.As7a0 /s calle0 al. Multa6/m4 , Sa ee /s comme$ce0 2rom Sa2a a$0 e$0s at Mar7a4 , A2ter per2orm/$g Sa Bee 3u::a: go to M/$a4 , Mu60al2a /s a pla/$4

, Mu60al2a /s locate0 b%7 M/$a H Ara2at4 , Mu60al2a /s locate0 s/A m/les 2rom Ma++ah4 , @rom M/$a Mu60al2a /s three m/les a7a 4 , Mu60al2a /s calle0 Sacre0 Mo$ume$t /$ 9ura$4 , At Mu60al2a Maghr/b H 'sha pra ers are o22ere0 together4 , *ebbles are collecte0 2rom Mu60al2a4 , Jamarat 7h/ch /s $earest to Ma++ah /s calle0 Jamarat.ul.-Eba4 , Smallest Jamarat /s Jamarat.al.Sughra4 , ;am/ /s hel0 at M/$a4 , Talb/ah /s stoppe0 a2ter ;am/4 , A2ra0= 9arBra$ a$0 Tamatae are the t pes o2 3a::4 , Dhulhula/2ah /s the MeeEat 2or the people o2 *a+/sta$4 , Dhulhula/2ah /s a po/$t s/A m/le 2rom Ma0/$a4

*F*1= DA= #)5*<)* :)Q# #cienti%ic studies o% various %ields

Scientific studies of various fields

acarology&& study of mites accidence&& #rammar bookQ science of inflections in #rammar aceology&& therapeutics acology && study of medical remedies acoustics && science of sound adenology && study of #lands aedoeology && science of #enerative or#ans aero iology && study of airborne or#anisms aerodonetics&& science or study of #lidin# aerodynamics && dynamics of #asesQ science of movement in a flow of air or #as acteriology && study of bacteria alneology && the science of the therapeutic use of baths arodynamics&& science of the support and mechanics of brid#es arology&& study of #ravitation atology&& the study of brambles i liology&& study of books i liotics&& study of documents to determine authenticity ioecology&& study of interaction of life in the environment iology && study of life iometrics&& study of biolo#ical measurement ionomics&& study of or#anisms interactin# in their environments otany&& study of plants romatology && study of food rontology && scientific study of thunder campanology&& the art of bell rin#in# carcinology&& study of crabs and other crustaceans cardiology&& study of the heart

caricology&& study of sed#es carpology && study of fruit cartography && the science of makin# maps and #lobes cartophily&& the hobby of collectin# ci#arette cards castrametation && the art of desi#nin# a camp catacoustics&&science of echoes or reflected sounds catalactics&& science of commercial exchan#e catechectics && the art of teachin# by question and answer cetology && study of whales and dolphins chalcography&& the art of en#ravin# on copper or brass chalcotriptics&& art of takin# rubbin#s from ornamental brasses chaology && the study of chaos or chaos theory characterology && study of development of character chemistry&& study of properties of substances chirocosmetics&& beautifyin# the handsQ art of manicure dia ology&& study of devils diagraphics&& art of makin# dia#rams or drawin#s dialectology && study of dialects dioptrics && study of li#ht refraction diplomatics && science of decipherin# ancient writin#s and texts diplomatology&& study of diplomats docimology&& the art of assayin# dosiology&& the study of doses dramaturgy && art of producin# and sta#in# dramatic works 8 to . 8gyptology&& study of ancient D#ypt e#istics&& study of human settlement electrochemistry&& study of relations between electricity and chemicals electrology && study of electricity electrostatics&& study of static electricity em ryology&& study of embryos emetology && study of vomitin# emmenology && the study of menstruation endemiology&& study of local diseases endocrinology&& study of #lands enigmatology&& study of eni#mas entomology&& study of insects ento(oology&& study of parasites that live inside lar#er or#anisms en(ymology&& study of en-ymes ephe iatrics&& branch of medicine dealin# with adolescence epidemiology&& study of diseasesQ epidemics fluviology && study of watercourses fol#loristics&& study of folklore and fables futurology&& study of future gar ology&& study of #arba#e gastroenterology && study of stomachQ intestines gastronomy&& study of fine dinin# gemmology&& study of #ems and $ewels genealogy&& study of descent of families genesiology&& study of reproduction and heredity genethlialogy&& the art of castin# horoscopes

geochemistry&& study of chemistry of the earth@s crust geochronology&&& study of measurin# #eolo#ical time geogeny&& science of the formation of the earth@s crust geogony&& study of formation of the earth geography&& study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants geology && study of earth@s crust geomorphogeny&& study of the ori#ins of land forms geoponics&& study of /#riculture hydrography&& study of investi#atin# bodies of water hydro#inetics&& study of motion of fluids hydrology&& study of water resources hydrometeorology&& study of atmospheric moisture hydropathy && study of treatin# diseases with water hyetology&& science of rainfall hygiastics && science of health and hy#iene hygienics&& study of sanitationQ health hygiology-- hy#ienicsQ study of cleanliness hygrology-- study of humidity hygrometry && science of humidity hymnography&& study of writin# hymns hymnology && study of hymns hypnology-- study of sleepQ study of hypnosis hypsography&& science of measurin# hei#hts iamatology && study of remedies iatrology-- treatise or text on medical topicsQ study of medicine iatromathematics&& archaic practice of medicine in con$unction with astrolo#y ichnography&& art of drawin# #round plansQ a #round plan ichnology&& science of fossili-ed footprints ichthyology&& study of :ish iconography&& study of drawin# symbols iconology&& study of iconsQ symbols ideogeny&& study of ori#ins of ideas ideology && science of ideasQ system of ideas used to $ustify behaviour idiomology&& study of idiom* $ar#on or dialect idiopsychology&& psycholo#y of one@s own mind immunogenetics&& study of #enetic characteristics of immunity immunology&& study of immunity immunopathology&& study of immunity to disease insectology && study of insects irenology && the study of peace % to 0

#oniology && study of atmospheric pollutants and dust #tenology && science of puttin# people to death #ymatology && study of wave motion la eorphily&& collection and study of beer bottle labels larithmics&& study of population statistics laryngology && study of larynx lepidopterology && study of butterflies and moths leprology&& study of leprosy lexicology && study of words and their meanin#s

lexigraphy&& art of definition of words lichenology && study of lichens limacology&& study of slu#s limno iology&& study of freshwater ecosystems limnology && study of bodies of fresh water linguistics && study of lan#ua#e lithology&& malariolo#y study of malaria mammalogy&& study of mammals manNOge&& the art of horsemanship Mariology&& study of the ;ir#in 9ary martyrology&& study of martyrs mastology&& study of mammals mathematics&& study of ma#nitude* number* and forms ma(ology&& mammalo#yQ study of mammals mechanics && study of action of force on bodies meconology&& study of or treatise concernin# opium melittology && study of bees mereology&& study of part&whole relationships mesology && ecolo#y metallogeny&& study of the ori#in and distribution of metal deposits metallography&& study of the structure and constitution of metals metallurgy&& study of alloyin# and treatin# metals nidology && study of nests nomology&& the science of the lawsQ especially of the mind noology&& science of the intellect nosology && study of diseases nostology&& study of senility notaphily&& collectin# of bank&notes and cheques numerology && study of numbers numismatics&& study of coins nymphology&& study of nymphs o stetrics&& study of midwifery oceanography&& study of oceans oceanology && study of oceans odology && science of the hypothetical mystical force of od odontology&& study of teeth oenology&& study of wines oi#ology && science of housekeepin# olfactology&& study of the sense of smell om rology && study of rain oncology && study of tumours oneirology && study of dreams orthography&& study of spellin# orthopterology&& study of cockroaches oryctology && mineralo#y or paleontolo#y osmics&& scientific study of smells osmology&& study of smells and olfactory processes osphresiology&& study of the sense of smell osteology && study of bones otology && study of the ear otorhinolaryngology&& study of ear* nose and throat 6 to 3

paedology&& study of children paedotrophy&& art of rearin# children paidonosology&& study of children@s diseasesQ pediatrics palaeoanthropology&& study of early humans palaeo iology && study of fossil plants and animals palaeoclimatology&& study of ancient climates palaeolimnology&& study of ancient :ish palaeolimnology&& study of ancient lakes palaeontology&& study of fossils philately&& study of posta#e stamps philematology && the act or study of kissin# phillumeny&& collectin# of matchbox labels philology && study of ancient textsQ historical lin#uistics philosophy&& science of knowled#e or wisdom phoniatrics && study and correction of speech defects phonology && study of speech sounds psychology&& study of mind psychopathology&& study of mental illness psychophysics&& study of link between mental and physical processes pteridology && study of ferns pterylology && study of distribution of feathers on birds pyretology && study of fevers pyrgology && study of towers pyro allogy&& study of artillery pyrography&& study of woodburnin# -uinology && study of quinine raciology&& study of racial differences radiology&& study of L&rays and their medical applications reflexology&& study of reflexes rha dology && knowled#e or learnin# concernin# divinin# rods rha dology && art of calculatin# usin# numberin# rods rheology && science of the deformation or flow of matter rheumatology&& study of rheumatism rhinology&& study of the nose rhochrematics&& science of inventory mana#ement and the movement of products runology && study of runes sarcology-- study of fleshy parts of the body satanology && study of the devil scatology&& study of excrement or obscene literature schematonics&& art of usin# #esture to express tones sciagraphy&& art of shadin# scripophily && collection of bond and share certificates sedimentology && study of sediment seismology && study of earthquakes selenodesy&& study of the shape and features of the moon selenology&& study of the moon semantics && study of meanin# semantology&& science of meanin#s of words semasiology&& study of meanin#Q semantics topology&& study of places and their natural features toponymics&& study of place&names toreutics && study of artistic work in metal

toxicology && study of poisons toxophily && love of archeryQ archeryQ study of archery traumatology&& study of wounds and their effects tri ology && study of friction and wear between surfaces trichology&& study of hair and its disorders trophology&& study of nutrition tsiganology&& study of #ypsies turnery&& art of turnin# in a lathe typhlology&& study of blindness and the blind typography&& art of printin# or usin# type typology&& study of types of thin#s C to : ufology&& study of alien spacecraft uranography&& descriptive astronomy and mappin# uranology&& study of the heavensQ astronomy ur anology&& study of cities urenology&& study of rust molds urology && study of urineQ urinary tract venereology&& study of venereal disease vermeology&& study of worms vexillology&& study of fla#s victimology&& study of victims vinology && scientific study of vines and winemakin# virology&& study of viruses vitrics&& #lassy materialsQ #lasswareQ study of #lassware volcanology && study of volcanoes vulcanology&& study of volcanoes xylography&& art of en#ravin# on wood xylology && study of wood (enography&& study of the planet 3upiter (oiatrics&& veterinary sur#ery (ooarchaeology&& study of animal remains of archaeolo#ical sites (oochemistry&& chemistry of animals (oogeography&& study of #eo#raphic distribution of animals (oogeology && study of fossil animal remains (oology&& study of animals (oonomy&& animal physiolo#y (oonosology&& study of animal diseases (oopathology&& study of animal diseases (oophysics&& physics of animal bodies (oophysiology && study of physiolo#y of animals (oophytology&& study of plant&like animals (oosemiotics&& study of animal communication (ootaxy&& science of classifyin# animals (ootechnics&& science of breedin# animals (ygology && science of $oinin# and fastenin# (ymology && science of fermentation (ymurgy&& branch of chemistry dealin# with brewin# and distillin#

#)5*<T5/5) 5<#T1":*<T#

SC>.;/>7>C >;S/+0M.;/S
, 3 0rometer measures hum/0/t , 8arometer measures atmospher/c pressure , *ur/t o2 m/l+ /s measure0 b lactometer , @athometer measures the 0epth o2 ocea$s4 , SeAta$t /s use0 2or measur/$g alt/tu0e o2 Su$ a$0 other hea#e$l bo0/es , <hro$ometer recor0s accurate t/me o$ sh/ps , Alges/meter /$0/cates the 0egree o2 se$s/t/#e$ess o2 s+/$ , Alt/meter measures alt/tu0es , Ammeter measures curre$t , A$emometer recor0s #eloc/t o2 7/$0 , < amometer measures blue$ess o2 s+ or ocea$ , Das meter measures 0e$s/t o2 gas , Fal#a$ometer measures small electr/c curre$t , 3 0rometer measures relat/#e 0e$s/t o2 l/Eu/0s , 3 grometer measures hum/0/t /$ atmosphere , 3 psometer measures atmospher/c pressure to ascerta/$ ele#at/o$s b 0eterm/$/$g bo/l/$g po/$t o2 l/Eu/04 Or 3 psometer /s a$ /$strume$t 2or measur/$g the he/ght abo#e sea le#el4 , Ma$ometer measures pressure o2 gases , M/crometer measures m/$ute 0/sta$ces , *er/scope /s use0 2or #/e7/$g ob:ects abo#e e e le#el , < clotro$ /s use0 2or electromag$et/c accelerat/o$ o2 charge0 atoms , Fe/ger cou$ter /s use0 2or 0etect/$g a$0 recor0/$g ra0/oact/#/t 4 't 7as /$#e$te0 b 3a$s Fe/ger &1882.19!5( , * rometer measures h/gh temperatures , ;e2rectometer measures re2ract/#e /$0eA o2 a substa$ce , Se/smograph measures /$te$s/t o2 earthEua+e , Telstar tra$sm/ts 7/reless or T4N broa0cast , N/scometer measures #/scos/t o2 l/Eu/0s , Sp/ro graph recor0s the mo#eme$t o2 lu$gs , *hotometer measures rate o2 tra$sp/rat/o$ , Scotograph /s use0 2or e$bl/$g bl/$0 to 7r/te , Gratosthe$es measures 0/sta$ce rou$0 the earth , )al0/o.scopes ha#e pro#e0 help2ul /$ 2/$0/$g the amou$t o2 0amp$ess /$ so/l , MohrBs scale measures 0egree o2 har0$ess o2 m/$erals , ;8< a$0 18< /s bloo0s are cou$te0 b 3emoc tometer4 , Ma$ometer /s the /$strume$t o2 measur/$g gas pressure4 , Spectrometer /$strume$t 2or measur/$g the spectrum o2 l/ght4 , The #ar/at/o$ /$ the bloo0 2lo7 ca$ be hear0 7/th a$ /$strume$t calle0 O stethoscope O , 1hat /s measure0 b a$ /$ter2erometer.1a#ele$gth o2 l/ght , 3 0ropho$e /s use0 2or measur/$g sou$0 u$0er 7ater4 , Mag$ometer /s a$ /$strume$t 0es/g$e0 to compare the mag$et/c mo#eme$t a$0 2/el04 , *otometer /s use0 to measure the rate o2 resp/rat/o$ /$ a$/mal a$0 pla$ts4 , @or measur/$g solar ra0/at/o$ 7e use p rhel/ometer4

, Act/mometer measures 0/rect heat/$g po7er o2 the Su$4 , Ammeter /s use 2or measur/$g curre$t stre$gth4 , Ma$ometer /s the /$strume$t o2 measur/$g gas pressure4 , Spectrometer /$strume$t 2or measur/$g the spectrum o2 l/ght4 , The measureme$t o2 ra/$2all /s ma0e b a$ /$strume$t +$o7$ as ra/$ gauge , 1hat /s measure0 7/th a$ ombrometer.;a/$2all , The /$strume$t use0 to measure #er h/gh temperature? '$2rare0 p rometers , Mecha$/cal e$erg /$to electr/cal e$erg ? Fe$erator , 3eat e$erg /$to mecha$/cal e$erg ? 3eat e$g/$e or steam e$g/$e4 , Glectr/cal e$erg /$to mecha$/cal e$erg ? Glectr/cal Motor , Glectr/cal e$erg /$to sou$0 e$erg ? >ou0spea+er , Sou$0 e$erg /$to electr/cal e$erg ? M/cropho$e , The 0e#/ce use0 to measure ra0/oact/#/t ? Fe/ger.Muller tube , The 0e#/ce 7h/ch co$#erts the chem/cal e$erg /$to electr/cal e$erg ? 8atter , The 0e#/ce use0 to measure ra0/oact/#/t 4 Fe/ger cou$ter , 3 grometer /s /$strume$t use0 2or measur/$g hum/0/t o2 a/r4 , 3el/scope /s use0 2or #/e7/$g the su$4 , 1hat 0oes a potometer measure. 1ater /$ta+e , <l/$/cal thermometer usuall measures /$ @ahre$he/t4 , Act/mometer measures 0/rect heat/$g po7er o2 the Su$4 , Ammeter /s use 2or measur/$g curre$t stre$gth , Noltammeter /s a$ electrol t/c cell 2or co$0uct/$g electrol t/c 0/ssoc/at/o$ o2 electrol te4 , 1hat 0oes a 0rosomoter measure? De7 , ;elat/#e 0e$s/t o2 a$ atmosphere /s measure0 b h grometer4 , Sp/rograph /s a$ apparatus use0 2or recor0/$g the mo#eme$t o2 the lu$gs4 , The maA/mum l/m/t o2 sou$0 be o$0 7h/ch a perso$ ca$ become 0ea2 /s 129 lbs4 , <harles ) ;ho0es 0e#elope0 a$ P.;a em/tt/$g laser /$ 19904 , So$ meter /s a$ /$strume$t use0 to stu0 the beha#/or o2 #/brat/$g str/$g4 , The /$strume$t use0 2or measur/$g the #eloc/t o2 7/$0 /s +$o7$ as a$emometer4 Alt/meter? a$ apparatus use0 /$ a/rcra2t 2or measur/$g alt/tu0es4 Ammeter? /s use0 2or to measure /$te$s/t o2 sou$04 A$emometer? /s a$ /$strume$t 2or measur/$g the 2orce a$0 #eloc/t o2 7/$04 Au0/ometer? a$ /$strume$t to measure /$te$s/t o2 sou$04 Au0/opho$e? /s a$ /$strume$t reEu/re0 2or /mpro#/$g /mper2ect se$se o2 hear/$g4 8arograph? 2or co$t/$uous recor0/$g o2 atmospher/c pressure4 8arometer? /s a$ apparatus use0 2or measur/$g the atmospher/c pressure4 8/$oculars? /s a$ /$strume$t use0 2or see/$g 0/sta$t ob:ects= the ra s o2 l/ght are t7/ce re2lecte0 b mea$s o2 r/ght.a$gle0 pr/sms4 <all/pers? a compass 7/th legs 2or measur/$g the /$s/0e or outs/0e 0/ameter o2 bo0/es4 <alor/meter? a$ /$strume$t use0 2or measur/$g Eua$t/t/es o2 heat4 <arburettor? /s a$ apparatus 2or charg/$g a/r 7/th petrol #apours /$ a$ /$ter$al combust/o$ e$g/$e4 <ar0/ogram? a me0/cal /$strume$t use0 2or trac/$g the mo#eme$ts o2 the heart4 <ar0/ograph? /s a me0/cal /$strume$t 2or trac/$g heart mo#eme$ts4 <hro$ometer? /s a$ /$strume$t +ept o$ boar0 the sh/ps 2or measur/$g accurate t/me4 </$ematograph? 't co$s/sts o2 a ser/es o2 le$ses arra$ge0 to thro7 o$ a scree$ a$

e$large0 /mage o2 photographs4 The le$s s stem 7h/ch 2orms the /mage o$ the scree$ /s terme0 the 2ocus/$g le$s4 <ommutator? spl/t r/$g 7h/ch 2orms the ma/$ part o2 a D4<4 D $amo4 <ompass $ee0le? 2or +$o7/$g approA/matel the "orth.South 0/rect/o$ at a place4 <rescograph? /s a$ /$strume$t 2or use /$ recor0/$g gro7th o2 pla$tsM /$#e$te0 b J4<4 8ose4 D/p </rcle? 't /s a$ /$strume$t use0 to 0eterm/$e the a$gle bet7ee$ the 0/rect/o$ o2 the resulta$t /$te$s/t o2 earthBs 2/el0 a$0 the hor/6o$tal compo$e$t at a place4 Th/s part/cular a$gle /s +$o7 as the 0/p o2 that place4 Dr/$+erBs apparatus? to help breath/$g /$ /$2a$t/le paral s/s4 D $amo? The or/g/$ o2 electr/c/t /$ a D $amo /s the tra$s2ormat/o$ o2 mecha$/cal e$erg /$to electr/cal e$erg 4 't 0epe$0s o$ the pr/$c/ple o2 electro.mag$et/c /$0uct/o$ 7hereb a curre$t /s pro0uce0 o$ tra#ers/$g a mag$et/c 2/el04 Glectroe$cephalograph &GGF(? 't /s the tech$/Eue o2 recor0/$g a$0 /$terpret/$g the electr/cal act/#/t o2 the bra/$4 ;ecor0s o2 the electr/cal act/#/t o2 the bra/$= commo$l +$o7$ as Cbra/$ 7a#esD= are calle0 electroe$cephalograms or electroe$cephalographs4 GGF /s the commo$ abbre#/at/o$ 2or both the tech$/Eue a$0 the recor0s4 Gp/0/ascope? 2or pro:ect/$g 2/lms as 7ell as /mages o2 opaEue art/cles o$ a scree$4 Gu0/ometer? 't /s a glass tube 2or measur/$g #olume cha$ges /$ chem/cal react/o$s bet7ee$ gases4 @athometer? /s a$ /$strume$t use0 2or measur/$g 0epth o2 the ocea$4 Fal#a$ometer? a$ /$strume$t 2or measur/$g curre$ts o2 small mag$/tu0e4 F4M4 <ou$ter &Fe/ger Muller <ou$ter(? Th/s spec/al 0e#/ce /s use0 2or 0etect/$g the prese$ce o2 ra0/at/o$ a$0 cou$t/$g certa/$ atom/c part/cles4 Framopho$e? a$ /$strume$t 7/th 7h/ch 7e ca$ repro0uce the sou$0 recor0e0 b a su/table recor0/$g apparatus4 't /s 2/tte0 7/th a spec/al t pe o2 apparatus +$o7$ as sou$0 boA /$#e$te0 b 8erl/$er4 Fra#/meter? /s a$ /$strume$t 2or recor0/$g measureme$t u$0er 7ater a$0 to 0eterm/$e the prese$ce o2 o/l 0epos/ts u$0er 7ater4 F roscope? /s a$ /$strume$t use0 to /llustrate 0 $am/cs o2 rotat/$g bo0/es4 't /s a t pe o2 sp/$$/$g 7heel 2/Ae0 to the aAle4 3 0rometer? /s a$ /$strume$t use0 2or measur/$g the spec/2/c gra#/t o2 l/Eu/0s4 3 0ropho$e? /s a$ /$strume$t use0 2or recor0/$g sou$0 u$0er 7ater4 3 grometer? /s a$ /$strume$t use0 2or measur/$g hum/0/t /$ a/r4 ) mograph? /s a$ /$strume$t use0 to recor0 graph/call #ar/ous ph s/olog/cal mo#eme$ts /4e4= bloo0 pressure= heart beat/$g= stu0 o2 lu$gs etc /$ l/#/$g be/$gs4 >actometer? /s a$ apparatus use0 2or measur/$g the pur/t o2 m/l+4 Ma$ometer? 2or 0eterm/$/$g the pressure o2 a gas4 Mar/$erBs <ompass? /s a$ apparatus 7h/ch /s use0 to gu/0e the sa/lors4 The $ee0le al7a s po/$ts $orth.south4 M/crometer? /s a$ /$strume$t use0 2or co$#ert/$g sou$0 /4e4= 2ract/o$ o2 the lo7est 0/#/s/o$ o2 a g/#e$ scale4 M/cropho$e? /s a$ /$strume$t use0 2or co$#ert/$g sou$0 7a#es /$to electr/cal #/brat/o$s4 M/croscope? /s a$ /$strume$t 7h/ch /s use0 2or mag$/2 /$g m/$ute ob:ects b a le$s s stem4 M/crotome? /s use0 2or cutt/$g a$ ob:ect /$to th/$ parts 2or m/croscop/c /$spect/o$4

O0ometer? /s a$ /$strume$t b #/rtue o2 7h/ch the 0/sta$ce co#ere0 b 7heele0 #eh/cles /s recor0e04 *er/scope? 't /s usuall use0 b the cre7 o2 a submar/$e to sur#e the sh/ps etc= o$ the sur2ace o2 the sea 7h/le the submar/$e /s u$0er 7ater4 't also e$ables the sa/lors to obser#e ob:ects o$ the other s/0e o2 a$ obstacle 7/thout eApos/$g themsel#es4 *ho$ograph? /s a$ /$strume$t use0 2or repro0uc/$g sou$04 *hotometer? /s a$ apparatus use0 to compare the /llum/$at/$g po7er o2 t7o sources o2 l/ght4 */pette? 't /s a glass tube 7/th the a/0 o2 7h/ch a 0e2/$/te #olume o2 l/Eu/0 ma be tra$s2erre04 *ote$t/ometer? /s use0 2or compar/$g the e4m424s= o2 cells= measureme$ts o2 the thermal e4m424s= large pote$t/al 0/22ere$ces a$0 curre$ts4 't /s also use0 2or measur/$g lo7 res/sta$ces4 *s chrometer? /s a$ /$strume$t 2or measureme$t o2 the hum/0/t o2 the atmosphere4 * rometer? /s a$ /$strume$t 2or recor0/$g h/gh temperatures 2rom a great 0/sta$ce &/4e4= 2or recor0/$g temperature o2 the su$ etc4( b ma+/$g use o2 the la7s o2 ra0/at/o$4 ;a0ar? ;a0/o= A$gle= Detect/o$ A$0 ;a$ge /s use0 to 0etect the 0/rect/o$ a$0 ra$ge o2 a$ approach/$g aeropla$e b mea$s o2 ra0/o m/cro7a#es4 ;a/$ Fauge? /s a$ apparatus 2or recor0/$g o2 ra/$2all at a part/cular place4 ;a0/ometer? /s a$ /$strume$t 2or measur/$g the em/ss/o$ o2 ra0/a$t e$erg 4 ;e2ractometer? /s a$ /$strume$t to measure re2ract/#e /$0/ces4 Sacchar/meter? /s a$ /$strume$t 2or 0eterm/$/$g the amou$t o2 sugar /$ a solut/o$4 't /s use0 /$ bre7er/es4 Se/smometer or Se/smograph? /s a$ /$strume$t use0 2or recor0/$g earthEua+e shoc+s4 SeAta$t? /s a$ /$strume$t /$#e$te0 b Joh$ 3a0le use0 2or measur/$g the alt/tu0e o2 the su$ a$0 o2 other /$access/ble hea#e$l bo0/es4 Spectrometer? &1( 't /s a t pe o2 spectroscope su/table 2or the prec/se measureme$ts o2 re2ract/#e /$0/ces4 &2( A$ /$strume$t 2or measur/$g the e$erg 0/str/but/o$ o2 a part/cular t pe o2 ra0/at/o$4 Spee0ometer? /s a$ /$strume$t 7h/ch /$0/cates spee0 at 7h/ch a #eh/cle /s mo#/$g4 Spherometer? /s a$ /$strume$t 2or measur/$g cur#ature o2 sur2aces4 Sph gmoma$ometer? a$ /$strume$t use0 2or measur/$g arter/al bloo0.pressure4 Sph gmopho$e? a$ /$strume$t= 7/th the help o2 7h/ch a pulse beat ma+es a sou$04 Sph gmoscope? a$ /$strume$t= b #/rtue o2 7h/ch= arter/al pulsat/o$s become #/s/ble4 Stereoscope? 't /s a spec/al t pe o2 b/$ocular= through 7h/ch a 0ouble photograph s$appe0 2rom t7o 0/22ere$t a$gles b a t7o.le$se0 camera /s #/e7e0 /$ sol/0 rel/e24 Stethoscope? /s a$ /$strume$t to hear a$0 a$al se mo#eme$ts o2 heart a$0 lu$gs4 Stop 7atch? 2or recor0/$g small /$ter#als o2 t/me /$ the laborator = /$ races a$0 other e#e$ts4 Stroboscope? /s a$ /$strume$t 2or #/e7/$g ob:ects mo#/$g rap/0l 7/th a per/o0/c mot/o$ a$0 to see them as /2 the 7ere at rest4 Tachometer? /s a$ /$strume$t 2or 0eterm/$/$g spee0s o2 aeropla$es a$0 motor boats4 Telepho$e? a 0e#/ce b #/rtue o2 7h/ch t7o perso$s at t7o 0/22ere$t places ca$ commu$/cate4 't co$s/sts o2 t7o ma/$ parts &/( a m/cropho$e a$0 &//( a rece/#er4 Telepr/$ter? a$ /$strume$t 7h/ch pr/$ts automat/call messages se$t 2rom o$e place to a$other= o$ telegraph l/$es4

Telescope? /s a$ apparatus use0 2or obser#/$g 0/sta$t ob:ects4 Theo0ol/te? /s a$ /$strume$t 2or measur/$g hor/6o$tal a$0 #ert/cal a$gles4 Thermocouple? a$ /$strume$t base0 o$ thermo.electr/c/t use0 2or measur/$g temperatures4 Thermometer? /s a$ apparatus use0 2or measur/$g temperature4 Thermostat? 't /s a$ /$strume$t use0 to regulate the temperature to a part/cular 0egree4 N/scometer? /s a$ /$strume$t to measure #/scos/t 4

"<5T# >/ :*A#"1*:*<T

0;>/S ,7 M. S0+.M.;/ , 1 horse po7er /s 7!547 7atts , 1 horse po7er K 7or+ eEual to l/2t/$g 550 lbs o2 7e/ght to o$e 2oot 2or o$e seco$0 , 1 calor/e /s eEual to !42 Joules , 1 barrel /s eEual to 159 l/ters , 6 2eet K 1 2athom , 1 +7h K 346 A 10 po7er 6 :oules , A 100 7att bulb l/ghts 2or 1 hour uses 100 7att hour o2 electr/c/t , .273 0egree ce$t/gra0e /s calle0 absolute 6ero temperature4 , Sta$0ar0 pressure /s 760 mm or 1!47 lb%/$2 , Fross /s eEual to 12 0o6e$s , Mach 2 K 500 m/les per hour , 1 $aut/cal m/le K 1825 meters , -$/t o2 pressure /s *ascal , @orce /s measure0 /$ "e7to$ &S'(= D $e &<FS( , At .!0 0eg @ @ahre$he/t scale /s eEual to ce$t/gra0e scale , 3ert6 a$0 A$gstrom are u$/ts o2 2reEue$c , -$/ts o2 7or+ a$0 e$erg are Joule a$0 Grg &<FS( , D/opter /s u$/t o2 po7er o2 le$s , -$/t /s 0e$s/t /s +g%m3 , -$/t o2 po7er /s 7att= 8T- &8oar0 o2 Tra0e -$/t( , -$/t o2 electr/c charge /s <oulomb , -$/t o2 #oltage /s #olt , -$/t o2 electr/c res/sta$ce /s ohm , -$/t o2 capac/ta$ce /s @ara0 , -$/t o2 mag$et/c 2luA /s 1eber= Tesla , -$/t o2 ra0/o act/#/t /s 8ecEuerel , -$/t o2 lum/$ous /$te$s/t /s ca$0le= luA , -$/t o2 cru0e o/l /s 8arrel , -$/t o2 #olume o2 7ater /s cusec= cub/c%sec , -$/t o2 a0m/tta$ce /s Mho , -$/t o2 /$te$s/t or lou0$ess o2 sou$0 /s bel , -$/t o2 #/scos/t /s *o/se , -$/t o2 2l/ght spee0 /s Mach '

, -$/t o2 atmospher/c pressure /s m/ll/ bar , -$/t o2 7a#e le$gth o2 l/ght /s A$gstrom , -$/t o2 e$erg /s Glectro$ #olt , -$/t o2 br/ght$ess /s >ambert , -$/t o2 lum/$ous 2luA /s >ume$ , '$te$s/t o2 /llum/$at/o$ or u$/t o2 lum/$os/t /s >uA= <a$0ela a$0 <a$0le po7er , -$/t o2 mag$et/c pole stre$gth /s 1eber , -$/t o2 ;AD &;a0/at/o$ Absorbe0 Dose( /s Fra , -$/t o2 Glectr/c <urre$t /s Ampere , -$/t o2 /$0ucta$ce /s 3e$r , -$/t o2 co$0ucta$ce /s s/eme$s4 , -$/t o2 heat /s Joule= <alor/e= 8T- &8r/t/sh Thermal -$/t( , ;a0/o act/#/t /s measure0 /$ curr/e , ;uther2or0 ? stre$gth o2 ra0/oact/#/t , Torr? pressure , @erm/ ? le$gth QA u$/t o2 le$gth eEual to o$e 2emtometer &10.15 meter(R , S#e0 berg u$/t?se0/me$tat/o$ rate , D/optre? po7er o2 le$se , Mho ? co$0uct/#/t , 3e$r ? /$0ucta$ce , MaA7ell? mag$et/c 2luA , 8ecEuerel? ra0/oact/#/t , )/lo 7att hour? po7er , <oulomb? u$/t o2 electr/cal charge , 1eber? u$/t o2 mag$et/c 2luA , Tesla? u$/t o2 mag$et/c 2luA 0e$s/t , S/eme$? u$/t o2 co$0ucta$ce , ;uther2or0? u$/t o2 rate o2 0eca o2 ra0/oact/#e mater/al , @ara0a ? u$/t o2 electr/c charge , A$gstrom? u$/t o2 le$gth= use0 espec/all to spec/2 ra0/at/o$ 7a#ele$gths , *arsec? u$/t o2 astro$om/cal le$gth , Degree? u$/t o2 measureme$t o2 a$ a$gle , Stera0/a$? -$/t o2 sol/0 a$gle measureme$t , D $e /s a u$/t o2 @orce4 , S' u$/t o2 pressure /s *ascal4 , <ur/e /s a u$/t o2 ? ra0/oact/#/t , *ascal Sou$0 *ressure , Torr *ressure , <ur/e '$te$s/t o2 ra0/oact/#/t , A$gstrom -$/t o2 le$gth , >/ght ear The 0/sta$ce l/ght tra#els /$ a ear , D/optre >e$s re2ract/#e po7er , 3orse po7er -$/t o2 *o7er , ;a0/a$ -$/t o2 a$gular measure , <a$0ela -$/t o2 lum/$ous /$te$s/t , Mole u$/t o2 amou$t o2 substa$ce

, 1hat /s measure0 /$ u$/ts calle0 pho$. Sou$0 192 , 1hat /s measure0 /$ gra/$s . 2our gra/$s to a carat. *earls , -$/t o2 electromot/#e 2orce /$ Nolt4 , 1hat /s the S' u$/t o2 /llum/$at/o$ .>uA , Fross /s eEual to 12 0o6e$4 , O6o$e /s measure0 /$ perce$t age4 , A$ ob:ect tra#el/$g at Mach 2 /s tra#el/$g approA/matel at 500 mph4&ch+( , 1hat /s measure0 o$ the Fa .>ussac scale? Alcohol stre$gth , <hro$ometer /s use0 to measure444 t/me , A$emometer /s use0 to measure444 1/$0 Spee0 , The clusec /s the u$/t measur/$g the po7er o2 7hat Nacuum pumps , O$e m/ll/o$ c cles per seco$0 /s calle0 Megahert64 , 04200 grams are eEual to o$e carat4 , Noltammeter /s a$ electrol t/c cell 2or co$0uct/$g electrol t/c 0/ssoc/at/o$ o2 electrol te4 , 8 2urlo$gs ma+e o$e m/le4 , A b/ll/o$ co$ta/$ 1000 m/ll/o$4 't has 9 6eroes4 S/m/larl a tr/ll/o$ has 12 6eroes=a Eua0r/ll/o$ 15 6eroes=a Eu/$t/ll/o$ 18 6eroes a$0 a 0ec/ll/o$ 33 6eroes4 , O$e /$ch /s eEual to 245!00 cms a$0 o$e m/le /s eEual to 146093 +ms4 , O$e m/cro$ /s eEual to O$e.thousa$0th o2 a m/ll/meter4 , 24!7105 acres /s eEual to 7hat S' u$/t.3ectare , 1hat 7or0 0escr/bes o$e te$th o2 a $aut/cal m/le.<able , 1hat /s measure0 o$ the Torro scale .Tor$a0os , u$/t o2 sou$0 $ame0 a2ter. AleAa$0er Fraham 8ell . Dec/bel , The 0e$s/t Smo+e /s measure0 o$ the ;$gelma$$ scale. , -$/t o2 electromot/#e 2orce /$ Nolt4 , *o7er /s measure0 /$ 1atts &7(4 , ;es/sta$ce 7as 0/sco#ere0 b F/rge Ohm /$ 1826= a$0 /s measure0 /$ ohms4 , Glectr/c/t 0oes $ot 2lo7 through a c/rcu/t b /tsel24 't $ee0s a SpushB= or e$erg = to +eep /t mo#/$g4 1e call th/s e$erg the #oltage o2 the c/rcu/t4 Noltage /s measure0 /$ #olts &#(4 , The Ferma$ sc/e$t/st Feorge Ohm &1787.185!( /s best remembere0 2or 7or+/$g out ohmBs la74 3e 0/sco#ere0 that the #oltage across a co$0uctor such as a tr/p o2 metal or a 7/re T a$0 the curre$t 2ollo7/$g through /t al7a s #ar /$ the same proport/o$4 So /2 ou 0ouble the #oltage= ou 0ouble the curre$t4 Th/s /s /$cre0/bl use2ulM because /t lets ou pre0/ct the curre$t ou 7/ll get 2or a part/cular #oltage4 , The th/c+$ess o2 s/l+ /s measure0 /$ 7hat. De$/er , OhmBs la7 0oes $ot appl to sem/co$0uctors a$0 co$0uctors 7he$ there /s cha$ge /$ temperature4 , '$ our houses 7e get 220 N a4c4 The #alue o2 220 N represe$ts the e22ect/#e #oltage4 , O$e u$/t o2 electr/c po7er /s co$sume0 7he$ 10 A o2 curre$t 2lo7s 2or 1 hour at 100 N4 1 -$/t K 1 +7 hr K 1000 7 hr K 100 A 10 A 1 hr , '2 the same $ote /s pla e0 o$ a 2lute a$0 a s/tar= o$e ca$ st/ll 0/st/rgu/sh b%7 them because the 0/22er /$ Eual/t 4 , A $egat/#el charge0 glass ro0 has al7a s less proto$s tha$ electro$s4 , The 7a#ele$gth o2 the P.ra s /s o2 the or0er o2 041 $a$ometer4 , ;e0= gree$ a$0 blue are +$o7$ as pr/mar colours4 These are colours 7h/ch ca$$ot be pro0uce0 b m/A/$g 7/th other colours4

, Scatter/$g o2 l/ght OOO the 0urat/o$ o2 the 0a &ma+e( , O/l r/ses /$ a 7/c+ o2 o/l lamp o$ accou$t o2 a propert o2 matter calle0 <ap/llar Act/o$ , a pr/mar cell ca$ OOO be charge0 aga/$ &$ot( , 1he$ a perso$ ca$ see $earer ob:ects but $ot the 0/sta$t o$es he /s sa/0 to be su22er/$g 2rom ? $ears/ghte0$ess &m op/a( , AT* /s a molecule co$ta/$/$g h/gh e$erg bo$0s4 , A$ eAample o2 /$orga$/c compou$0 /s carbo$ mo$oA/0e4 , The t/me per/o0 o2 a pe$0ulum o$ moo$ /$creases4 , <l/$/cal thermometer usuall measures /$ @ahre$he/t4 , Tube l/ght em/ts ra0/at/o$ e#e$ a2ter /t /s 0/sco$$ecte04 't /s 0ue to @luoresce$ce4 , Shorts/ghte0$ess ca$ be correcte0 7/th the use o2 <o$ca#e4 , ;ect/2/er co$#erts A< /$to D< , Atom/c 7e/ght o2 chem/cal compou$0s /s 0eterm/$e0 b Mass spectroscop 4 , Atom/c p/le /s a place 7here $uclear 2/ss/o$ /s ma0e4 , Dr/$+erBs apparatus /s 2or measur/$g the amou$t o2 Alcohol /$ the bloo04 , De7arBs 2las+ /s calle0 as thermos4 , , The co$#ers/o$ o2 gases /$to l/Eu/0 u$0er h/gh pressure a$0 lo7 temperature /s calle0 regulat/o$4 , '2 a gree$ lea2 /s see$ /$ a re0 l/ght /ts color 7/ll be blac+4 , Gmerge o2 N'8FLO; 2rom o$e s/0e o2 the pr/sm /s 0ue to re2ract/o$ a$0 0/spers/o$ o2 l/ght4 , OA/0at/o$ /s the process /$ 7h/ch electro$ /s lost4 , 3al2.t/me /s a t/me o2 ra0/oact/#e substa$ce ta+e$ b that substa$ce to 0ecompose ra0/oact/#/t to hal2 o2 /ts 7e/ght4 , >/ght e$erg /s store0 /$ the 2orm o2 chem/cal e$erg 0ue to the act/#/t o2 <hloroplast4 , Su$l/ght /s compose0 o2 se#e$ colours , O/l r/ses /$ a 7/c+ o2 o/l lamp o$ accou$t o2 a propert o2 matter calle0 <ap/llar Act/o$ , 1hat /s a @ata Morga$a. T pe o2 M/rage , , @reo$.tra0emar+ 2or a$ o2 a $umber o2 chem/cal compou$0s co$ta/$/$g 2luor/$e= a$0 o2te$ chlor/$e or brom/$e4 -se? as sol#e$ts= as aerosol propella$ts= /$ re2r/gerat/o$4 't /s commo$l use0 /$ re2r/gerator4

P7=#5)A- P1>P*1T5*#
P-ES>C L P+,P.+/>.S , Theor o2 mutat/o$ 7as propou$0e0 b 3 go 0e Nr/es4 , A theor o2 acEu/re0 character 7as g/#e$ b >amar+4 , <harles Dar7/$ /s 2amous 2or h/s theor o2 struggle 2or eA/ste$ce a$0 sur#/#al o2 the 2/ttest4 , S/gmu$0 @reu0 /s calle0 as the 2ather o2 mo0er$ ps ch/atr a$0 ps cholog 4 , G$erg store0 /$ stretche0 spr/$g /s Glast/c *ote$t/al e$erg , G$erg store0 /$ 2oss/l 2uels /s chem/cal e$erg , ;a0/o 7a#es are Glectromag$et/c 7a#es , A4< #oltage /s a$alogue Eua$t/t , Opt/cal 2/bers 7or+ o$ polar/6at/o$ o2 electromag$et/c 7a#es , <o$0e$ser /s use0 to collect the charge , '$ 0/esel e$g/$e /g$/t/o$ ta+es place b compress/o$ , A ra0ar uses ra0/o 7a#es to 0etect e$em a/rcra2t , >a7 o2 2loat/$g bo0/es 7as g/#e$ b Arch/me0es , *art/cle 7/th I#e charge but mass eEual to electro$ /s pos/tro$ , "ucleus o2 a$ atom has I#e charge4 , 8oso$s are *hoto$s a$0 Meso$s , There /s $o $eutro$ /$ the atom o2 h 0roge$ , 9uar+ /s a$ atom/c part/cle4 Sc/e$t/sts th/$+ that proto$ a$0 $eutro$s are themsel#es ma0e o2 st/ll smaller part/cles calle0 Euar+s , Mutto$s are part/cles o2 atom , Joh$ Dalto$= a$ G$gl/sh sc/e$t/st= ga#e Atom/c Theor /$ 1803 0escr/b/$g atom as the smallest u$/t o2 a$ eleme$t , Fas /$ ch/l0re$B s balloo$ /s 3el/um , 1e/ght o2 electro$ K 941 A 10 po7er .31 +g , <harge o$ electro$ K 146 A 10 po7er .19 coulomb , 1e/ght o2 proto$ K 1466 A 10 po7er .27 +g , <harge o$ proto$ K 146 A 10 po7er .19 coulomb , A proto$ /s 1836 t/mes hea#/er tha$ a$ electro$ , Or0/$ar/l a$0 atom /s a $eutral part/cle , Gr$est ;uther2or0= a "e7 5eala$0er= /$ 1908 0/sco#ere0 Atom/c "ucleus , Spee0 o2 sou$0 /s 2aster /$ hot a/r tha$ /$ col0 a/r , -ltraso$/c are sou$0 7a#es o2 h/gh 2reEue$c K 12000 c cles%sec a$0 h/gher , Sou$0 tra#els 2aster /$ mo/st a/r tha$ /$ 0r a/r , Sou$0 tra#els more rap/0l /$ sol/0s , MaA/mum l/m/t o2 sou$0 be o$0 7h/ch a ma$ ca$ become 0ea2 /s 129 0ec/bel , Au0/ble sou$0 /s 20.20=000 c cles%seco$0 , '$au0/ble sou$0 U20=000 c cles%seco$0 , Neloc/t o2 sou$0 at 0 0eg? < /s 33147 m%s , Gcho ca$ o$l be pro0uces 7he$ the 0/sta$ce o2 the obstacle /s at least 17 meters , 1he$ 7e hear a sou$0= /ts /mpress/o$s rema/$ /$ our ear 2or 1%10th o2 a seco$0 , 'mage pers/sts 2or about 1%10th o2 seco$0 /$ our e e

, @or creat/$g a pers/ste$ce o2 #/s/o$= p/ctures are pro:ecte0 at the rate o2 10 or more%sec , "uclear G$erg /s $ot a source o2 alter$at/#e e$erg 4 , N/0eotape use0 /$ camcor0ers to recor0 au0/o a$0 #/0eo s/g$al emplo ee 2/$e gra/$s o2 /ro$ oA/0e4 , Temperature /$s/0e a re2r/gerator /s !0 0eg? @ , The la7s o2 re2lect/o$ 7ere 2/rst 0/sco#ere0 b a al. 3a6e$ , 04200 grams are eEual to o$e carat4 , O$e m/ll/o$ c cles per seco$0 /s calle0 Megahert64 , <arbo$ 2/ber /s ma0e b heat/$g teAt/le 2/bers4 These are use0 /$ te$$/s rac+ets a$0 rac/$g acht , <atal t/c co$#erter re0uce the harm2ul 2umes the e$g/$e em/ts , '2 ou 0ouble the #oltage ou 0ouble the curre$t &OhmBs la7( , 1hat pro0uct uses the most s/l#er.<amera @/lm , The spee0 o2 sou$0 0epe$0s o$ the me0/um through 7h/ch the 7a#es are pass/$g4 The spee0 o2 sou$0 /$ gases 0epe$0s o$ 7hatV De$s/t , T7o or more molecules o2 carboh 0rates are l/$+e0 together through gl cos/0/c bo$0 , pept/0e bo$0 bW7 am/$o ac/0s= :o/$e0 to 2orm prote/$s= /s the l/$+age b%7 " a$0 < , A$ a$0ro/0 /s a$ robot that? has the ab/l/t to ma+e 0ec/s/o$s a$0 2ormulate pla$s , Semaphores 7ere use0 bet7ee$ sa/lors 2or ma$ ears to commu$/cate bet7ee$ sh/ps , O$e o2 the 2/rst lo$g 0/sta$ce commu$/cat/o$ s stem /$#e$te0 /$ 1790 7as the semaphores to7ers , Telegraph 7as /$#e$te0 /$ 1821 , Telepho$e 7as /$#e$te0 /$1876 , -s /$#e$tor Samuel More 0e#elope0 the s stem o2 0ots a$0 0ashes o2 telegraph that 7as +$o7$ as Morse <o0e , Sc/e$t/st $o7 th/$+ that proto$s a$0 "eutro$s are themsel#es ma0e o2 st/ll smaller part/cles calle0 Euar+s4 , *ortable ga0gets K Mob/le pho$es a$0 portable TNs4 , Dera/lleur gears are use0 /$ 8/c cles4 , Motor T cross race /s 2or motor c cles4 , <a$t/le#er bra+e use0 /$ 8/c cle4 , Spee0 o2 l/ght 300=000 +/lometers per seco$04 , G$g/$eers use electro$/c theo0ol/te a$0 ra$ge.2/$0er to measure the 0/sta$ce a$0 a$gle to cal/brate0 sta224 , <e$t/gra0e a$0 <els/us temperatures are same belo7 2ree6/$g po/$t4 , 7h/ch /$strume$t /s use0 to measure pressureV Ma$ometer , the #eloc/t o2 l/ght 7as 2/rst measure0 b Ola2 ;oemer , ce$t/gra0e a$0 2ahre$he/t scales g/#es same rea0/$gs at 32 0egrees , The 2/rst Guropea$ sc/e$t/st 7ho re2ute0 the bel/e2 that the earth 7as the ce$tre o2 the u$/#erse 7as <oper$/cus4 , Mob/le pho$es tra$sm/t message us/$g ra0/o.t pe 7a#es calle0 m/cro7a#es , Super co$0uctors are also stro$g 0/amag$et/c th/s mea$s the stro$gl repel mag$ets4 , Super co$0uctors are use0 /$ #er 2ast computers a$0 also /$ tra/$s l/+e Magle#s4 , Glectro$/c theo0ol/te a$0 ra$ge 2/$0er measures a$0 0/sta$ce a$0 a$gle4

, A 2luoresce$t l/ght /s a glass tube co$ta/$/$g gas 7h/ch pro0uces -N l/ght 7he$ curre$t passe0 trough /t4 Tube /s coate0 7/th phosphor 7h/ch glo7s 7he$ -N h/ts /t4 , Some o2 the chem/cals 2rom the rec cle o2 ol0 cells are use0 b l/#er to ma+e b/le 7h/ch /s store0 /$ gall bla00er4 , 1h/ch /s l/ghter= gol0 or plast/cV *last/c , >asers are a spec/al source o2 l/ght calle0 cohere$t l/ght th/s mea$s all the l/ght 7a#es are /$ step 7/th each other a$0 tra#el /$ same 0/rect/o$ , >aser pro0uce l/ght o2 o$e part/cular 7a#ele$gth a$0 /t /s s s/$gle= pure color4 , The 2/rst hologram 7as ma+e /$ 1962 , >aser K >/ght Ampl/2/cat/o$ b St/mulate0 Gm/ss/o$ o2 ;a0/at/o$ , 9uart6.haloge$ bulbs are use0 /$ o#erhea0 pro:ectors a$0 spotl/ghts , 3el/um /s uses to 2/ll a/rsh/ps a$0 balloo$s , 3el/um /s use0 to pressur/6e h 0roge$ 2uel /$ roc+ets a$0 the a/r /$ 0/#erBs a/r ta$+s , Apart 2rom ra0o$= 7h/ch /s ra0/oact/#e= the $oble gases are use0 /$ l/ght/$g4 , The $oble gases ha#e #er lo7 bo/l/$g po/$ts4 , >/Eu/0 hel/um /s the col0est substa$ce4 , A gas o$l becomes l/Eu/0 at .26849 0eg? < , <ombust/o$ /s a +/$0 o2 oA/0at/o$ react/o$4 , At room temperature the part/cles /$ a/r tra#el at arou$0 1800 +m%h the same spee0 as a bullet 2/res 2rom a r/2le4 , Fe$erators co$#ert mecha$/cal e$erg /$to electr/cal e$erg 4 , The pr/$c/ple beh/$0 the ge$erator /s electromag$et/c /$0uct/o$4 't 7as 0/sco#ere0 b M/chael @ara0a 4 , >o#ell telescope /s at Jo0rell 8a$+ the s/te 2or space obser#ator , "/colous <oper$/cus &1!73.15!3( 7as bor$ /$ *ola$0 a$0 7as the 2/rst to eApla/$ the solar s stem4 , Dera/lleur gear are use0 /$ b/c cles , <a$t/le#er bra+e /s also use0 /$ b/c cles , Stat/c electr/c/t ma+es a balloo$ st/c+ to the 7all a2ter ou ha#e rubbe0 /t o$ our ha/r4 , Joh$ 8ar0ee$= 1alter 8ratta/$ a$0 1/ll/am Shoc+le /$ 19!7 use0 a sem/co$0uctor calle0 germa$/um to ma+e the 7orl0Bs 2/rst tra$s/stor4 , A 0/o0e co$0ucts electr/c/t eas/l /$ o$e 0/rect/o$ but res/sts the 2lo7 o2 electr/c/t /$ the other4 , A capac/tor stores electr/c charge4 <apac/tors are /mporta$t compo$e$ts 2or ma+/$g t/mers4 , <apac/tors are use0 /$ 2/lter/$g c/rcu/ts l/+e treble a$0 bass /$ h/.2/ , Tra$s/stors ca$ be use0 as log/c gates , G$erg #alue o2 2oo0 /tems /s eApresse0 /$ +/lo:oules &+:( or thousa$0s o2 :oules4 , 8r/t/sh sc/e$t/st James *rescott Joule 0/sco#ere0 the pr/$c/ple o2 co$ser#at/o$ o2 e$erg 4 , 1h/ch o$e o2 the 2ollo7/$g stateme$ts regar0/$g sou$0 /s trueV 'ts source /s al7a s a #/brat/$g mater/al4 , 1e/ght o2 a$ ob:ect put /$ a satell/te orb/t/$g /$ space arou$0 the earth /s re0uce0 to 6ero , Mo#/e camera ta+e p/ctures at rate o2 2! p/ctures per seco$0 , De$s/t o2 7ater /s 1

, 1ater eApa$0s as /t 2ree6es to /ce4 Th/s ma+es /ce less 0e$se tha$ 7ater 7h/ch causes /ce to 2loat4 , 3eat 2lo7s /$ three 7a s co$0uct/o$= co$#ect/o$ a$0 ra0/at/o$ , A co$ca#e le$s /s use0 2or the correct/o$ o2 the 3 perphob/a , S/l#er metal has the h/ghest electr/cal co$0uct/#/t 4 , MohrBs scale har0est substa$ce /s 0/amo$0 . 7hatJs the so2test? Talc

FA15>"# #)5*<)*#
? +>,0S SC>.;C.S , TaA/0erm mea$s stu22/$g 0ea0 a$/mals , Ste$ograph mea$s short ha$0 7r/t/$g , *sor/as/s /s a lear$/$g 0/sab/l/t , *aleo$tolog /s stu0 o2 2oss/ls4 , 3ematolog /s the stu0 o2 bloo04 , Stu0 o2 earth /s geolog , Acoust/cs /s the sc/e$ce o2 sou$0 , < tolog /s the stu0 o2 cell , G$tomolog /s the stu0 o2 /$sects4 , Ap/culture /s sc/e$ce o2 bee +eep/$g , Or$/tholog /s the sc/e$ce o2 b/r0s , *h/lolog /s the sc/e$ce o2 la$guages , O$colog /s the stu0 o2 ca$cer , GAob/olog /s the stu0 o2 l/2e /$ outer space , "um/smat/cs /s the stu0 o2 co/$s , Guge$/cs /s the stu0 o2 alter/$g huma$s b cha$g/$g the/r ge$es or /t re2ers to 'mpro#eme$t o2 huma$ race , Gtholog /s the stu0 o2 a$/mal beha#/or , A$thropolog /s the stu0 o2 or/g/$ a$0 ph s/cal a$0 cultural 0e#elopme$t o2 ma$+/$0 , <arpolog /s the stu0 o2 2ru/ts a$0 see0s4 , *atholog 0eals 7/th 0/seases , 3/stolog 0eals 7/th orga$/c t/ssues , *e0olog /s the stu0 o2 so/l , <r oge$/cs 0eals 7/th the pro0uct/o$= co$trol a$0 appl/cat/o$ o2 lo7 temperatures , Se/smolog /s stu0 o2 mo#eme$ts /$s/0e earthBs crust , A/lurophobe /s 2ear o2 a$/mals , * rophob/a /s 2ear o2 2/re4 , Amb/0eAtrous /s o$e 7ho ca$ 7r/te 7/th both ha$0s4 , Astroph s/cs /s a bra$ch o2 astro$om 7h/ch 0eals 7/th the ph s/cal a$0 chem/cal $ature o2 hea#e$l bo0/es4 , 4 A et/olog /s the stu0 o2 causes o2 0/sease4 , <o$cho log /s the stu0 o2 shells4 , <r ptolog /s the stu0 o2 co0es4 , De$0rolog /s the stu0 o2 trees4

, Grgo$om/cs /s the stu0 o2 relat/o$sh/ps bet7ee$ people a$0 the/r 7or+/$g e$#/ro$me$t4 , Frapholog /s the stu0 o2 ha$07r/t/$g4 , 'chth olog /$ the stu0 o2 2/sh4 , *s cholog/cal stu0 o2 l/2e /$ art/2/c/al e$#/ro$me$t /s calle0 b/ops 4 , @orms a$0 2eatures are stu0/es u$0er the bra$ch o2 Marpholog 4 , *aleo$tolog /s the stu0 o2 2oss/ls4 , *h colog /s the stu0 o2 Algae4 , M colog /s the stu0 o2 2u$g/4 , The art o2 comp/l/$g 0/ct/o$ar /s calle0 >eA/cograph 4 , A$thropolog /s the stu0 o2 ma$4 , <artograph /s the art o2 ma+/$g maps a$0 charts4 , *h/latel /s hobb o2 stamp collect/$g4 , The bra$ch o2 6oolog = 7h/ch 0eals 7/th the stu0 o2 /$sects /s calle0 e$tomolog , The pro0uct/o$ o2 ge$erall /0e$t/cal repro0uct/o$ /s calle0 as <lo$/$g , A petrolog/st stu0/es 7hat. ;oc+s h/stor 2ormat/o$ etc , A$ o$omast/c/a$ stu0/es 7hat . "ames , Tha$atolog /s the stu0 o2 7hat Death , The stu0 o2 huma$ populat/o$ /s calle0 Demograph 4 , 1hat 0oes a$ otolog/st stu0 .The ear a$0 /ts 0/seases , "oolog/sts stu0 7hat.The M/$0 , Sem/olog /s the stu0 o2 7hat.S/g$als , 1hat /s s/l#/culture. @orestr , 1hat /s P lograph . 1oo0 G$gra#/$g , *aleo$tolog /s the sc/e$ce o2 h/stor o2 l/2e4 , Meteorolog /s the stu0 o2 stu0 o2 7eather4 , <r ptograph /s the stu0 7h/ch 0eals 7/th the secret 7r/t/$g4 , 3 0ropo$/cs mea$s cult/#at/o$ o2 the pla$ts 7/thout use o2 so/l4 , 3 etolog /s the stu0 o2 ra/$2all4 , M colog /s the stu0 o2 2u$gus a$0 2u$g/ 0/seases4 , "um/smat/cs /s the stu0 o2 co/$s4 , *etrolog /s the stu0 o2 roc+s /$ the earthBs crust4 , Am$/oce$tes/s /s a metho0 2or 0eterm/$at/o$ o2 2oetal seA4 , 1hat /s Stega$ograph ? '$#/s/ble /$+ 7r/t/$g , 'chth olog/sts stu0 7hat @/sh , 1hat 0oes a psepholog/st stu0 ? Not/$g T Glect/o$s , 1hat /s stu0/e0 /$ Aerolog .*la$et Mars , 1hat 0oes a ph/lolog/st stu0 . >a$guages , Orthoep /s the stu0 o2 7hat.1or0 pro$u$c/at/o$ , A ph/lomath has a lo#e o2 7hat. >ear$/$g , 1hat /s a $/0olog/st /$tereste0 /$.8/r0s $ests , 1hat /s ph/lograph . Autograph collect/$g , Agro$om /s the sc/e$ce o2 so/l ma$ageme$t4 , *e$olog /s the stu0 = theor a$0 pract/ce o2 pr/so$ ma$ageme$t H cr/m/$al rehab/l/tat/o$4 , <hem/cal preser#at/o$ o2 0ea0 orga$/sms /$ l/Eu/0 /s calle0 <r o.8/log 4

, Orthoep /s the stu0 o2 7hat.1or0 pro$u$c/at/o$ , 1hat 0oes a ph/lolog/st stu0 . >a$guages , <hlama 0omo$as /s u$/cellular pla$t

F5TA:5<#
G.3<M.DS Gitamin < (:at&soluble) ;eficiency Symptoms ni#ht blindness loss of smell appetite loss Datural Sources 8arrots* :ish liver oils* liver* #reen leafy ve#etables ' Gitamin ?1 53hiamin7 water&soluble ;eficiency Symptoms beriberi shortness of breath numb hands2feet Datural Sources =hole #rains* brewers yeast* wheat #erm* rice* seeds and milk'

Gitamin ?2 52i oflavin7 water&soluble ;eficiency Symptoms cataracts corner of mouth cracks and sores poor di#estion Datural Sources Eiver* cheese* fish* e##s* seeds* and cooked leafy ve#etables'

Gitamin C 5<scor ic <cid7 ;eficiency Symptoms

dental cavities anemia Datural Sources +ose hips* citrus fruits* black currants* tomatoes* sweet potatoes* and #reen bell peppers' Gitamin ; (:at&soluble) ;eficiency Symptoms tooth decay diarrhea Datural Sources :ortified milk* e## yolks* butter* fish liver oils* sardines* salmon* mushrooms* and sunflower seeds' Gitamin 8 (:at&soluble) ;eficiency Symptoms impotency enlar#ed prostrate #land Datural Sources =heat #erm* brussel sprouts* leafy #reens* ve#etable oils* and e##s' Gitamin % 5Menadione7 (:at&soluble) ;eficiency Symptoms nose bleeds Datural Sources ,elp* alfalfa* yo#urt* safflower oil* fish liver oil* and leafy #reen ve#etables'

, De2/c/e$c o2 #/tam/$ A causes 0r $ess o2 s+/$ a$0 $/ght bl/$0$ess , S+/$ 2oo0 /s N/tam/$ < , N/tam/$ < /s also calle0 Ascorb/c Ac/0 /t pre#e$ts scur# , N/tam/$ < /s also $ecessar 2or ut/l/6at/o$ o2 /ro$ , The 2oo0 7h/ch co$ta/$s largest amou$t o2 N/tam/$ < /s tomato , <o0 l/#er o/l co$ta/$s N/tam/$ D , <ollage$ /s the substa$ce that g/#es elast/c/t to s+/$ , N/tam/$ G promotes oA ge$at/o$ a$0 acts as a$t/ ag/$g , <arbo$ 0/oA/0e 7e release comes 2rom 2oo0 7e eat , N/tam/$ 82 has 7hat other $ame ;/bo2la#/$ , @ats are ma0e o2 carbo$= h 0roge$ a$0 oA ge$ , N/tam/$ G /s calle0 a$t/.ag/$g age$t

, N/tam/$ G helps /$ 2ert/l/t process , N/tam/$ 8 helps ma/$ta/$ $ormal appet/te a$0 goo0 0/gest/o$ , *rote/$ 2ou$0 /$ m/l+ /s <ase/$= /$ bea$s /s >egumes= /$ meat /s m os/$ a$0 /$ eggs /s album/$ , 1ater soluble #/tam/$ are 8 a$0 < a$0 all other are 2at soluble , N/tam/$ A /s store0 as Gster /$ l/#er , N/tam/$ A /s 2ou$0 /$ carote$e bear/$g pla$ts , N/tam/$ ) helps to 2orm prothrob/$ &2/bro g/$( o$e o2 the e$6 mes help2ul /$ bloo0 clott/$g , N/tam/$ G /s $ecessar 2or /ro$ ut/l/6at/o$M $ormal repro0uct/#e 2u$ct/o$4 N/tam/$ G /s 2or repro0uct/o$4 , N/tam/$ A /s 2ou$0 /$ Da/r pro0ucts , De2/c/e$c o2 N/tam/$ A causes "/ght bl/$0$ess4 , Too much prese$ce o2 the *otass/um salt /$ huma$ bloo0 /$crease the r/s+ o2 heart attac+4 , The lac+ o2 calc/um /$ the 0/et causes 7hat co$0/t/o$.;/c+ets , <elluloses are carboh 0rates4 , M/l+ co$ta/$s lactose4 , N/tam/$ < /s a pre#e$tor o2 /$2ect/ous 0/sease , N/tam/$ < /s also calle0 S+/$ 2oo0 , N/tam/$ < ca$ eas/l be lost /$ coo+/$g a$0 2oo0 storage , N/tam/$ D /s esse$t/al 2or calc/um metabol/sm4 , N/tam/$ < haste$s heal/$g o2 7ou$0s , N/tam/$ capable o2 2ormat/o$ o2 bloo0 /s 812 , ;/ches source o2 N/tam/$ D /s co0e l/#er o/l , ;/ches source o2 N/tam/$ A /s eggs , De2/c/e$c o2 <alc/um lea0s to r/c+ets , N/tam/$ 81 /s a#a/lable /s east4 , Scur = ar/s/$g 0ue to 0e2/c/e$c o2 #/tam/$ <= /t /s relate0 to Fastro./$test/$al 0/sor0er4 , So0/um /s $ecessar o2 $er#ous s stem4 , N/tam/$ D /s esse$t/al 2or calc/um metabol/sm4 , <heese co$ta/$s #/tam/$ D4 , N/tam/$ < ca$ $ot be store0 /$ huma$ bo0 4 , Scur# = ar/s/$g 0ue to 0e2/c/e$c o2 #/tam/$ <= /t /s relate0 to Fastro./$test/$al 0/sor0er4 , So0/um /s $ecessar o2 $er#ous s stem4 , Frou$0 $ut has maA/mum prote/$ , D/gest/o$ o2 2at /$ /$test/$e /s a/0e0 b Gmuls/2/cat/o$ , 3a/r= 2/$ger $a/ls= hoo2s= etc are all ma+e o2 prote/$ , De2/c/e$c o2 so0/um a$0 potass/um causes muscular cramps= hea0ache a$0 0/ahrae , M/l+ co$ta/$s 80X 7ater , M/l+ /s a complete 2oo04 , <heese co$ta/$s #/tam/$ D4 , N/tam/$ G /s 2or repro0uct/o$4 , De2/c/e$c o2 Th/am/$e causes 8er/ 8er/4 , Flucose /s the source o2 e$erg 2or huma$ bra/$4 , Ma:or compo$e$t o2 ho$e /s Flucose

, Three ma/$ 2oo0 $utr/e$ts are carboh 0rates= prote/$ a$0 2ats4 Other are #/tam/$s a$0 m/$erals , Meat /s r/ch /$ /ro$ 7e $ee0 to ma+e bloo0 cells , Gat/$g o2 coco$ut /$creases ma$Bs me$tal 2acult/es , @oo0 po/so$/$g ca$ result 2rom the eat/$g o2 too much toa0stools4 , N/tam/$ c /s also +$o7$ as Ascorb/c Ac/04 , <elluloses are carboh 0rates4 , M/l+ co$ta/$s lactose , Ascorb/c ac/0 /s esse$t/al 2or the 2ormat/o$ o2 bo$es a$0 teeth4 , </tr/c ac/0 /s a goo0 subst/tut/o$ 2or ascorb/c ac/0 /$ our $utr/t/o$4 , A gua#a co$ta/$s more #/tam/$ < tha$ a$ ora$ge , N/tam/$ $ot store0 /$ huma$ bo0 44444<
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

Personalities
Kuaid&e&/-am 9uhammad /li 3innah' /llama )qbal -iaAuat Ali Khan @ill Gates Gul%iAar Ali @hutto :oha$$ad <awa2 #hari% @arac' 7ussein >ba$a @an KiB$oon 7illary Diane 1odha$ )linton <icolas #ar'o2y D$itry :edvedev :icheline )al$yB1ey :ah$oud Ah$adineEadIPresident o% 5ranJ Dulia *ileen Gillard Abdullah Gul -4NJ$B -4BLIC (!.VIC! C)//I((I)N

7.ITT!N !^$/IN$TI)N ). .!C.4IT/!NT T) T#! -)(T( ) T!#(IL;$.( 0B(?1F1 IN B)$.; ) .!V!N4! -4NJ$B?2B12 (4BJ!CTP Inspe"tor Cooperati6e -aper TI/! $LL)7!;]T7) #)4.( /$^I/4/ /$.*(]1BB Note. Total 5uestions were 1BB&&&t,ese are re"alled >uestions 1.7,ere is 'ala%ag, dam:on t,e Indus .i6er at *ala%ag, in /ianwali ;istri"t 2.7,at was pro+ession o+ +atima, Jinna,:dentist G.w,en did 5uaid e $zam 9oined /uslim Leaguel.:1C1G D.7,o is t,e president o+ India: -erti%a patil @.I/ stands +or: International monetary +und F.G;- stands +or: Gross ;omesti" -rodu"t F.7,ere is ,ead >uarter o+ 7orld Ban': 7as,ington& ;C E.7,ere is /o,ammad ali Go,ar %uried in: %orn in england and %urried in Jerusalem 0Bait? ul?/a>dus 8.7,i", "ountry is in t,e nort, o+ -a'istan:_",ina C.-a'istan ma9or e2port is: "otton 1B.7,i", is lo"ation o+ pa'istan in asia regi`n: sout, 11.7,i", is "urrent #i9ri year: "uurent 1DGG $# 12.(a+ar tai+ mn ,azur pa' ' sat, 'on sy s,a%i t,y: zaid %in ,aras 1G.5uran pa' mn 'is sa,a%i 'a zi'ar ,: zaid %in ,aras 1D.Na9as,i ' samnay 'is sa,a%i ny ta>reer 'i: 9a+ar tayyar 1@.7,ere is wam%ildon tanis ground: england 1F.#ow many seats in senate o+ pa': 1BD 1E.(ad %erg ' writer 'a name: sad %arg& ',us%o& parween s,a'ar 18.5urta%a 'a >azi ' writer 'a name: imtiaz ali ta9 1C.Bait ul mu>adas 'is ' dor mn +ate, ,owa: ,azrat umar 2B.Gawadar 'is pro6in"e mein ,ai: Balo",istan 21.Namaz e Juma 'a% +arz ,ua: 1,i9ri 22.7,at is t,e Lengt, o+ "ostal ,ig, way:EE1'm 2G.7,at is meaning o+ "ommen"e: %egin 2D.7,at is .enewa%le (our"e o+ energy: 2@.-eyam?e?/as,ri> written %y: $llama i>%al 2F.;o%tay 'o Ten'ay 'a sa,ara /o,awra or zar%ul missal: 3ir%ul misal 2E.(,i'wa poem o+ I>%al is "ontained in w,i", %oo': Bang e dara 28.Comrade news paper issued %y:/u,ammad ali 9o,ar 2C./ost "ondu"tor o+ ele"tir"ity ironLsil6rL"oper:"oper GB.Vitaman w,i", is ta'ing +rom (un lig,t:; G1.Largest islami" "ountry %y -opulatin is:Indonesia G2.No o+ #aroo+?e?/u>atiyat are:2C GG.;uration o+ *,al+at?e?ras,ida:GB years GD.#ow mu", Lig,t speed is greater t,an sound speed:greater G@.in+lation means:

GF.7,i", is t,e +amous "ity in t,e world:s,ang,ai GE.Indus water treaty ,eld in:1CFB G8. 18 is E@V o+ w,at : GC. 2B %oys and 28 girls +ind t,e per"entage o+ girls : DB. 7,at per"entage o+ 12 o+ G : D1. 7,at is word meaning o+ industrious: D2.It is @ o "lo"' __..my wat",: %y. DG.#e is %lind ____. one eye:o+ DD.#e is agreed __ .. my proposal: to D@.1B GLE is e>ual to : DF1 *isi *i *,as 7asa+ *i %ina per usy 'ia *e,ty #ain :'uniat DE.7,ere is 1B ;owning (treet : !ngland -/ ;a6id CameronYs ,ome D8.$ll?India /uslim League +ounded at: ;#$*$ in 1CBF ,8.)onstipation 0Kaba21& "aused %y: %iber de+i"ien"y. @B1 -itras Bu',ari *i 7a9a e (,orat:/iza, Nigari @1.7,ere is lo"ated Gomal uni6ersity :;I ',an @2.7,o was last 6i"eroy o+ #industan:lord mount %aten @G..asool $lla, 'i wa+at 'n se ,i9ri ma ,ui:11,i9ri @D.#azrat i%ra,im a.s 'a la>a%: @@. .2Fdi6ide 1BBa 1BG1 /eaning )+ RTaz%aza%U @E. is"al year o+ pa' P July 1 ] June GB @8.Jews 'is 9aga zeyada ra,ty t,y:tai+ @C.-a'istanYs "ulti6ated area:2EV FB. 7,at is t,e largest %arrrage o+ -a'istan: (a'',ar F1.1st ",ie+ 9usti"e o+ pa': mian a%dul .as,id F2.-a' 9oined 4N in : 1CDE FG. 8DD@ round o++ in 1BBB: FD1 2nd .ound Ta%le Con+eren"e 7as #eld In :london F@1 Te,zee% 4l I',la> 7ritten By :sir syed a,mad ',an FF1 Largest !mployement Is In 7,i", (e"tor :agri"ulture FE1 Largest industry :"otton te2tile F81 -opulation )+ -a'istan :18 'ror FC1 *,y%er -ass Conne"ts -es,awar 7it, :'a%ul EB1 w,o is )pposition Leader :",.nisar ali E11 Ba%a arid Gan9 (,a'r 7as Buried In :pa'patan E21 B,as,a ;am I( In 7,i", -ro6in":Nort,ern areas s'rdu EG1 Largest ood Crop ) -a'istan :w,eat ED1 City& amous or #andi"ra+t $nd Glazed -ottery :sial'ot E@1 #oles In )zone Layer In 7,i", region :antar'ti"a EF1 -a'istanYs !"onomy $"e ;e"line ;ue To :all o+ a%%o6e EE1 Largest Industry o+ -a'istan : E81 Largest City )+ t,e 7orld By population :to'yo EC1 7rongly (pelt Nusrery& Li%erery& (e"ondary& -rimary

8B1 Begger& Liar& Controller& _..& 811 Tournament& )rnament& Go6erment& .e+res,ment& 821 -ar+e"t& (ele"t& de+e"t&_..& 8D1 !normous /eans : 8@1 )pposite )+ Contra"t : 8F1 4n",arged -arti"le )+ $tom :neutron 8E1 (peed )+ (ound is____..T,an Lig,t : 881 @DD8 .ounded )++ Nearest 1BBB Is : 8C1 I+ D2V o+ @@B (tudent 7is, To go To College.#ow /any 7is, To $ttend T,e College : C11 GV o+ 12 is : C21 $ re"tangle w,ose lengt, is 1F"m $nd Breadt, G"m& Its Total $rea : CG1 In /ein (e Rzar%ul /isalU *aunsi #ai i1 eid *$ C,and ii1 B,udi G,odi Lal lagam 0iii1;oo%ty *o tin'y *a (a,ara 0i61$pne /on, /ian /it,u: CD1 G,awaze ur>an 'isy *e,ty #ain :g,azwa %adar C@1 #i9rat * 7a>t #azrat /u,ammad (.$.7.7 ' (at, *aun T,a :,azrat a%u %a'ar CF1 Jid 4l $n%ia *in,uen *e,ty #ain :,azrat i%ra,im CE1 -e,li 7a,i /e Total *itni $yat utrien :@ C81 7i%ledon Grounds $re in :england CC1 /a2imum !nergy Is Gi6en By 7,i", ood Component : 1BB1 To )perate Copmuter Command gi6en in ;esired 7ay is Called :

G1. Ni"osia is t,e "apital "ity o+ a. Cyprus %. G,ana ". C,ili d. 3im%a%we G2. 7,at is t,e "urren"y o+ i9i a..ial %.;ollar ".!uro d.Ta'a GG. 7,i", is t,e lowest point at eat, a.Nile %. Caspian sea ". dead sea d.-a"i+i" GD. ormosa was t,e old name o+ a.(ri lan'a %. Taiwan ". i9i d.Cu%a G@. w,are is t,e Grand "oulee dam a. 4($ %.4* ".C,ina d.India GF. w,i", is t,e longest day o+ t,e year a.21 may %.21 april ".22 9une d.219une GE.t,e longest ri6er o+ t,e world is in a.Ira> %.-a'istan ".!gypt d.Jordan G8.7,i", "ity is "alled gateway o+ india a. ;el,i %. /um%ai ". Cal"utta d. $gra GC. 7,i", mountain ranges is situated in !urope a.alas'a %.andes ".atlas d.alps DB. t,e parliament o+ iran is "alled a. $ssem%ly %.,ouse ".ma9lis d.aewan D1.t,e "ommonwealt, "onsists o+ mem%ers a.@G %.@@ ".@F d.@2

D2. w,ere is t,e ,ead>uarter o+ INT!.-)L a. 4($ %.Brazil ".(pain d. ran"e DG. w,i", is t,e o++i"ial language o+ 4N) a.englis, %.ara%i" ".spanis, d.all o+ t,em DD. irst se"retary general o+ 4N) %elongs to a. ran"e %.Norway ".Brazil d.switzerland D@. 7,ere is t,e ,ead>uarter i+ I$!$ a.-aris %.Gene6a ".New Yor' d. Vienna DF. se"ond summit o+ )IC was ,eld in a.islama%ad %.'ara",i ".la,ore d.-es,awar DE. #ow many "ountries are mem%ers o+ ($$.C a. E %.8 ".C d.1B D8. t,e lengt, o+ ri6er nile is */ a. @@FB %.EC8C ".FF@B d.F1FF DC. w,o is t,e runner up o+ +irst world "up ,o"'ey a. -a'istan %.spain ".Germany d.Brazil @B. E april is o%ser6ed as a. water day %. women day ".,ealt, day d. no smo'ing day @1. Vi"tory medal is t,e ,ig,est military award o+ a. 4* %.C,ina ".Japan d.4($ @2. 7,i", is t,e smallest o"ean o+ t,e world a. -a"i+i" %. atlanti" ".indian d. ar"ti" @G. /at is asso"iated wit, t,e game o+ a.Golg %.Cy"ling ".Base%all d.Judo @D.Judo is t,e national game o+ a.4($ B.C,ina ". ran"e d.Japan @@. #ow many players are in t,e game o+ %ase%all in a team a.8 %.C ".F d.@ @F. #ayat?i?Jawid is written %y a.#ali %.allama I>%al ".(,ai', sadi d.Jawid #ussain @E. (,a,nama is written %y a.Jaland,ry %. irdusi ".#ali d.i>%al @8. )dyssey 0Gree'1 is written %y a.#omer %.;ante "./ilton d.*eats @C. age o+ eart, in millions is a.@BBB %.D@@B ".DD@B d.DB@B FB..adian is (I unit o+ a.+or"e %.angle ".lengt, d.6elo"ity F1. $ero +loat is t,e airline o+ a.usa % u' ".russia d.",ina F2.Ball -oint pen in6ented %y a.-as"al %.Biro ".Torri"eli d.Jo,n FG.Bristol sea port is in a.4($ %.4* ".C,ina d.Brazil FD. #erodotus is "alled t,e +at,er o+ a.#istory %.("ien"e ".-oliti"s d.Botany

F@.Yellow %oo's are t,e o++i"ial %oo's o+ a.4* %.C,ina ".(pain d. ran"e FF. 7,ere is t,e #eat,row airport a.4($ %. ran"e ".C,ina d.4* FE. 7,i", is t,e largest "ontinent o+ t,e world a.$+ri"a %.$sia ".!urope d.$meri"a F8.$ustria is situated in a.7estern euorope %.(out,ern !urope ".asia d.$meri"al FC. w,ere is *,o9a' tunnel is in a.(ind, %.N7 ".Balo",istan d.Nort,ern $reas EB.7,i", "ountry ,as most o++i"es in t,e world a.C,ina %.Japan ".India d.4($

MC*2 2a%(le Pa(ers of PP2C

Mar*h 13th, 2+1$ E AuthorF a(min +%= one .; is e&uall to aC1+20 'yt s 'C1+$+ 'yt s *C1+4+ 'yt s (C1+24 'yt s

++= in G( ;asic G( stands 'or aCgat 7ay 'C1 t 7ait *C1oal 7 k (C1rass 7 ight

+-= (ho is 'ather o' com*uter aC*harl s ga'ag 'C*harl s 'a''ag *C*harl s (i*k ns (Ctolstoy

+2= www stands 'or aC7 'sit 7ast 7in( 'C7orl( 7i( 7 'sit *C7orl( 7i( 7 ' (Cnon

-4= (hich is a *icture 'ormatC aC/! g 'C/! / *C/! ( (C/! k

-0= RAM stands 'orDE aC2an(om a** ss m mory *C2an(om a** ss ma*hin -2= P? stands 'or 'C2an(om A5uis m mory (C2an(om a7ar( ( multim (ia

aC* ntrous !ro* ssor unit 'C; ntral ,ro* ssor unit

*C; ntral !rogramm unit (C* ntral !o7 r unit -3= (here is the head o''ice o' Goo!le aC& 7york 'CHu7a i *CLon(on #CItaly

-"= (hich has bi!!est internet revenue aCgoogl 'Cfa* 'ook *Ct7itt r (C'ing

-#- 9he ma!nitude o' earth&ua)e is measured withC A Hygrom t r = 2i*ht r 4*al ; =arom t r #CManom t r -%= 9he de'icienc3 o' Fitamin causes the disease o'G A =on s = 4kin ; > th #C:y s -+= Ane horse *ower is e&uall to aC745 7att 'C744 7att *C705 7att (C740 7att

--= ?nit o' electric current is aC7att 'Cam! r *CmGs (C*m

-2= (hich vitamin is not stored in human bod3 aC' 'C* *C( (C

24= Mil) contains water aC7+H 'C75H *C3+H (C9+H

20= Anar)ali is written b3 aCimtia" ali ta/ 'C'ano 5uu(sia *Callama i5nal (Caltaf hussain

22= Ra8a Gidh is written b3 aCMustansar hussain 'CMuhamma( Hussain *C=ano 5u(sia (CKhali( na m

23= Shahnama islam i6 written b3 aCallam i5'al 'Chaf " /alan(hri *Caltaf hussain (Csir sy ( ahma(

2"= Musadas ) )itn3 misr3 hot3 hn aC3 'C4 *C0 (C12

2#= Ghalib )a san e wa'at )ia hai aC137+ 'C1307 *C1333 (C1309

2%= 9eh6ib ul a)hla& )is )i )itab hai aCHaf " /alan(hry 'C1hali' *C4ir sy ( (CAltaf hussain

2+= H.hi6ar-e-RaahI I&bal )a3 JJJJJJ shari ma8mooa3 me shamil hai=aC'ang (ara 'CIsrar khu(i *Carmaghan hi/a" (C&on of th s 2-= subha e a6adi )is )i *oem hai aCallama i5'al 'Cfai" *C!ar. n shakir (CHa'i' /ali'

22= )is *oetess )o urdu *oetr3 )i *ehli ba!hi shaira )ha 8ata hai aC!ar. n shakir 'Ckish7ar nah ( *C&usrat /a' n (C&on

044= over coat )is )a a'sana hai aC&a"ir ahma( 'CMustansar Hussain *C1hullam A''as (CMomin khan

Correct Ans$ers of MC*2 Pa(er

Mar*h 13th, 2+1$ E ;)22:;> A&4-:24 1 2 $ 4 5 0 7 3 9 1+ 11 12 1$ > ; > A ; A > > ; ; 20 27 23 29 $+ $1 $2 $$ $4 $5 $0 $7 $3 ; A ; > A A > A ; 51 52 5$ 54 55 50 57 53 59 0+ 01 02 0$ = A = ; A = = A = ; = = = 70 77 73 79 3+ 31 32 3$ 34 35 30 37 33 # A = ; A A = A = = ; # = AuthorF a(min

14 15 10 17 13 19 2+ 21 22 2$ 24 25

$9 4+

04 05 00

A A = # = ; # A A = # #

39 9+ 91 92 9$ 94 95 90 97 93 99 1++

; ; A ; = ; # ; A = = ;

; > ; A

41 42 4$ 44 45 ; ; > ; A

07 03 09 7+ 71 72 7$ 74

> ;

40 47 43

; ;

49 5+ ;

75

A26 2a%(le Pa(ers

Mar*h 13th, 2+1$ E AuthorF a(min #0= ;ala $isar 'ort built b3 aCJahangir 'C=a'ar *C4hah/han (Csh r shah sori

#2= (ho is 'irst Pun8abi *oet aC=a'a %ari( 'CAhma( 'akhsh *CIsrar 4hah (C%ai"

#3= 9he state ban) inau!urated in aC/uly 1947 'C/uly 1943 *C/uly 1949 (C/uly 195+

#"= (ar and *eace is written b3 aCsamu l 'C/an Austin *Cl o >olstoy (Chungminton

##= Pride and *re8udice is written b3 aC/an Austin 'Ctolostoy *Ca'ulkalam (C/an 7aston

#%= ;hat is the currenc3 o' aCin(on sia 'Cthailan( *C@A: (CJor(an

#+= Scurv3 is due to lac) o' aC.it ' 'C.it * *C.it ( (C.it

#-= In!enious means aCskilful 'Ckin( *Cfa.ourit (C!itia'l

#2= A *iece o' ca)eG meanin! is aC har( task 'C asy task *C'oth (C(ou't

%4= 9o have a dis*ute with some one idiom is aCa!!l of my y 'Cas high as a kit *C an a? to grin( (C non

%0= $e is 'ondDDDDteachin!= aC'y 'Cof *Cfor (Cto

%2= >oes she DDDD-cold clothes= aC7 ars 'C7 ar *Chas 7 ar (Chas ' n 7 aring

%3= It is # o cloc) KK==m3 watch aCto 'C'y *Cof (Cfor

%"= Indenti'3 aC*ongratulat

ARRL 9 s*elt 'C *ongra*hulat *C*ongratulat (C*ongratulat C

%#= (hat is the si unit o' velocit3C aCmGs 'Cm *Ckm (CmGs2

%%= Al)hawar6mi aCmath

is related to *C!hysi*s (C'io

'Calg 'ra

%+= (ho invented $ , aCal kha7ar"mi 'Cal' runi *Calra"i (C/a' r 'in r han

%-= (hich is neBt number 3M2M0#M20M2+MDDDE aC$+ 'C$$ *C$0 (C $9

%2= (hat will be 6a)at on + tola !old aC 2C5H 'C$H *C &on (C2+++

+4= A)ram *urchased a house in 2%4444 Rs= $e Sells it on 04N *ro'it= (hat is his *ro'it in ru*ees= aC24+++ 'C$9+++ *C12+++ (C20+++

+0= 24N o' 24 is e&ual to aC4 'C2+ *C25 (C1+

+2= i' a sho*)ee*er !ive one thin! 'ree with *urchase o' " thin!s to customer= (hat will be *ro'it o' customer aC25H 'C29H *C15H (C$$H

+3= Food 'or 20 da3s is stored in a house 'or 04 *ersons =i' 3 *ersons went !one than this 'ood can be used 'or how man3 da3s aC 2+ 'C$+ *C$5 (C4+

+"= 'ind the value o' abc i' aO2MMbO3MMMcO4 aC0 'C2 *C$ (C+

+#= Aur *c belon!s to what !eneration

a.Grd

%.@t,

".Ft,

d.Dt,