Presented by

Maheshwara M FID8115MAH B.E-CSE.,IV yr PSNA C !!e"e # En"$neer$n" % &e'h D$nd$"(! ,&a)$!nad( E-Ma$! $d * shanter+,-")a$!.' ) C nta't n * ++./011015 C!$## 2e(ben 3a)a!esh FID818.C4I B.E-CSE. IV 5r PSNA C !!e"e # En"$neer$n" % &e'h D$nd$"(! ,&a)$!nad( E-Ma$! $d * '!$##re(ben-")a$!.' ) C nta't n +8+././0.1

ABSTRACT In a ste"an "ra6h$' syste) the ' n#$dent$a! te7t r ' n#$dent$a! $)a"e $s h$dden $ns$de a ' 8er $)a"e $n red(ndant b$t 6 s$t$ ns. A#ter the ' n#$dent$a! $n# r)at$ n $s e)bedded $nt the ' 8er $)a"e the 'han"e $n

And s

n. &h$s tr$'9 $s ' nt$n(ed t$!! the the re'e$8er and and "et the

end # the en'ry6ted data. N w th$s t ta! $)a"e sh (!d be sent t re'e$8er sh (!d de'ry6t ' n#$dent$a! te7t r $)a"e. Keywords-'$6her,ste"an "ra6hy, 'ry6t "ra6hy, en'ry6t$ n, de'ry6t$ n, ste" , e)bedd$n", $ntr(der. I. INTRODUCTION
Ste"an "ra6hy $s the 6ra't$'e # h$d$n" 6r$8ate $n# r)at$ n w$th $n s )eth$n" that a66ears t be n th$n" 6r$8ate en'ry6t$ n (t # the (s(a!. Ste"an "ra6hy $s Cry6t "ra6hy <here (ses as ' n#(sed w$th 'ry6t "ra6hy: b th are t 6r te't $n# r)at$ n. and de'ry6t$ n.

a66earan'e # the ' 8er $)a"e sh (!d n t be a66arent t na9ed eye: s that n b dy w$!! s(s6e't that s )eth$n" $s there $ns$de. & )a9e $t st$!! se'(re the ' n#$dent$a! te7t r $)a"e 'an be en'ry6ted and e)bedded. A#ter $t $s bta$ned at the re'e$8er $t 'an be de'ry6ted. In th$s 6a6er we ha8e (sed Internat$ na! data en'ry6t$ n a!" r$th) t en'ry6t the ' n#$dent$a! $n# r)at$ n and the en'ry6ted te7t r $)a"e $s e)bedded $nt the ' 8er $)a"e $n the # !! w$n" )anner. &he ' 8er $)a"e $s d$8$ded $nt bytes. In ea'h byte ne b$t # the en'ry6ted data $s t be e)bedded. In the #$rst byte the #$rst b$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the se' nd byte the se' nd b$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the th$rd byte the th$rd b$t 6 s$t$ n and s n t$!! the 8th byte. A"a$n $n n t$!! the the +th byte the #$rst b$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the 1/th byte the se' nd b$t 6 s$t$ n and s 11th byte. A"a$n $n the 10th byte the 1st b$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the 18th byte the ;nd b$t 6 s$t$ n

ste"an "ra6hy (ses en'ry6t$ n, e)bedd$n" $nt a ' 8er $)a"e and de'ry6t$ n. S ste"an "ra6hy $s a tw !e8e! se'(r$ty )e'han$s). E8en $n ste"an "ra6hy n b dy w$!! s(s6e't that s )e h$dden data $s there . Ste"an "ra6hy 'an be three ty6es. &h se are* Ste"an "ra6hy $n $)a"es, ste"an "ra6hy $n a(d$ and ste"an "ra6hy $n 8$de . &h$s 6a6er re6resents ste"an "ra6hy $n $)a"e $.e. the #$rst 'ate" ry. In th$s ty6e the ' 8er$n" #$!e $s an $)a"e where the 6r$8ate $n# r)at$ n $s t be e)bedded. Here 6r$8ate $n# r)at$ n )eans 6r$8ate te7t r 6r$8ate $)a"e. In se' nd 'ate" ry the ' 8er #$!e $s a 8$de $ns$de wh$'h the 6r$8ate $n# r)at$ n $s t a(d$ . be e)bedded. In th$rd 'ate" ry the ' 8er #$!e $s an

<hen h$d$n" $n# r)at$ n $ns$de $)a"es (s(a!!y 4SB =!east s$"n$#$'ant b$t> )eth d $s (sed. & a ' )6(ter an $)a"e $s s$)6!y a #$!e that sh ws the d$##erent ' ! rs and $ntens$t$es # !$"ht n d$##erent areas # an $)a"e. B(t $n )y w r9 I ha8e (sed a d$##erent a66r a'h. In the #$rst byte the #$rst b$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the se' nd byte the se' nd B$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the th$rd byte the th$rd b$t 6 s$t$ n and s n t$!! the 8th byte. A"a$n $n n t$!! the &he +th byte the #$rst b$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the 1/th byte the se' nd b$t 6 s$t$ n and s 11th byte. A"a$n $n the 10th byte the 1st b$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the 18th byte the ;nd b$t 6 s$t$ n and s n. &h$s tr$'9 $s ' nt$n(ed t$!! the end # the en'ry6ted data. Here ne 6 $nt we 'an n te $s the !en"th # the ' 8er $)a"e sh (!d be 8 t$)es than the '$6her data. <e ha8e d$##erent ty6es " # $)a"e #$!es !$9e BMP, ?PE@ et'. I ha8e (sed ?PE@. ?PE@ "$8es d 6er# r)an'e r 6ers n h$d$n" the $n# r)at$ n <hen $n# r)at$ n $s h$dden $ns$de 8$de the 6r "ra) w$!! (s(a!!y (se the DC& =d$s'rete ' s$ne trans# r)> )eth d. DC& w r9s by s!$"ht!y 'han"$n" the ea'h # the $)a"es $n the $s s$)$!ar t 8$de , s('h that $t $s n t n t$'eab!e. Ste"an "ra6hy $n 8$de ste"an "ra6hy $n $)a"e. <hen a s)a!! a) (nt # $n# r)at$ n $s h$dden $ns$de # 8$de $t $s n t n t$'eab!e at a!!, h we8er the

) re $n# r)at$ n $t $s h$dden the ) re n t$'eab!e $t be' )e. <hen h$d$n" $n# r)at$ n $ns$de a(d$ #$!es the te'hn$A(e (s(a!!y (sed $s ! w b$t en' d$n" wh$'h $s s )ewhat s$)$!ar t 4SB that $s "enera!!y (sed $n $)a"es. &he 6r b!e) w$th ! w b$t en' d$n" $s that $t $s (s(a!!y n t$'eab!e t the h()an ear s that $t $s a r$s9y )eth d. &h$s )eth d w r9s by add$n" rand ) n $ses t the s$"na! the $n# r)at$ n $s ' n'ea! h$d$n" $s yet $ns$de a 'arr$er and s6read a'r ss the #reA(en'y s6e'tr(). E'h an ther )eth d # h$d$n" $n# r)at$ n $ns$de an a(d$ #$!e. &h$s )eth d (ses the e'h es $n s (nd #$!es $n rder t try and h$de the $n# r)at$ n. By s$)6!y add$n" e7tra s (nd t an e'h $n a(d$ #$!e $n# r)at$ n 'an be ' n'ea!ed. Instead # h$d$n" the d$re't $n# r)at$ n, $# we h$de $ts '$6her by (s$n" a ' )6!e7 a!" r$th) the syste) 'an atta$n an ther !e8e! # se'(r$ty. In )y w r9 I ha8e (sed Internat$ na! data en'ry6t$ n a!" r$th) t en'ry6t at sender and de'ry6t at re'e$8er. &he sender and re'e$8er sh (!d share the 9ey as 6er the a!" r$th). In se't$ n ;, I ha8e '!ear!y )ent$ ned h w IDEA $s w r9$n" and h w )y 6r 6 sed ste" syste) $s w r9$n".

II. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM &he ent$re 6r 'ess 'an be (nderst d by re#err$n" the # !! w$n" three se't$ ns. Here I ha8e d$s'(ssed ab (t IDEA and the e)bedd$n" 6r 'ess.

6h$! s 6hy beh$nd the a!" r$th) $s three a!"ebra$' 6erat$ ns are (sed: a!! 'an be 6erat$ ns are* BH2, M(!t$6!$'at$ n eas$!y $)6!e)ented $n b th hardware and s #tware F;G. &he Add$t$ n ) d(! ;11 and

) d(! =;11 I 1>. &hese 6erat$ ns 6erate n 11 b$t s(b-b! '9s. F$".1 re6resents an 8er8$ew # IDEA. &he

IDEA Algorithm &he IDEA '$6her was de8e! 6ed by B(eC$a 4a$ and ?a)es Massey $n 1++/. It was 'a!!ed PES =Pr 6 sed En'ry6t$ n Standard>. &he ne7t year, a#ter s )e 'are#(! 8er$#$'at$ n $t was 'a!!ed IPES =I)6r 8ed PES>. ItDs na)e was 'han"ed t based n IDEA $n 1++;. IDEA $s $)6ress$8e the ret$'a! s )e

1.-b$t data b! '9 $s d$8$ded $nt # (r 11 b$t s(b b! '9s* B1, B;, B, and B.. &hese # (r s(b b! '9s be' )e the $n6(t t r (nd the #$rst # the a!" r$th). &here are e$"ht

r (nds t ta!. In ea'h r (nd the # (r s(b b! '9s are BH2ed, added and )(!t$6!$ed w$th ne an ther and w$th 11-b$t s(b 9eys. Between r (nds, the se' nd and th$rd s(b b! '9s are swa66ed. F$na!!y, the # (r s(b b! '9s are ' )b$ned w$th # (r s(b 9eys $n an (t6(t trans# r)at$ n.

# (ndat$ ns and, a!th ("h 'ry6tana!ys$s has )ade s )e 6r "ress a"a$nst red('ed-r (nd 8ar$ants, the a!" r$th) st$!! see)s str n". In )y 6$n$ n $t $s the best and ) st se'(re b! '9 '$6her a!" r$th) a8a$!ab!e t the 6(b!$' at th$s t$)e. &he #(t(re # IDEA $s n t '!ear. &here has been n r(sh t ad 6t $t as a re6!a'e)ent t DES, 6art!y be'a(se 6e 6!e are st$!! wa$t$n", t see h w we!! the a!" r$th) #ares d(r$n" the ' )$n" years # 'ry6tana!ys$s. IDEA $s a b! '9 '$6her: $t 6erates n 1. E b$t 6!a$nte7t b! '9s. &he 9ey $s 1;8 b$ts ! n". &he sa)e a!" r$th) $s (sed # r b th en'ry6t$ n and de'ry6t$ n. &he des$"n

and 1.. Swa6 the tw $nner b! '9s e7'e6t # r the !ast r (nd and that $s the $n6(t t the ne7t r (nd. A#ter the e$"hth r (nd, there $s a #$na! (t6(t trans# r)at$ n* 1. M(!t$6!y B1 and the #$rst s(b 9ey J1. ;. Add B; and se' nd s(b 9ey J;. ,. Add B, and the th$rd s(b 9ey J,. .. M(!t$6!y B. and the # (rth s(b 9ey J.. F$na!!y the # (r s(b b! '9s are reatta'hed t 6r d('e the '$6her te7t. Creat$n" the s(b 9eys $s a!s easy. &he a!" r$th) (ses 5; # the) =s$7 # r ea'h # the e$"ht r (nds and # (r ) re # r the (t6(t trans# r)at$ n. F$rst, the 1;8-b$t 9ey $s d$8$ded $nt e$"ht 11-b$t s(b 9eys. &hese are the #$rst e$"ht s(b 9eys # r the a!" r$th) =the s$7 # r the #$rst r (nd and the #$rst tw # r the se' nd r (nd>. &hen the 9ey $s r tated ;5 b$ts t the !e#t and a"a$n d$8$ded $nt e$"ht s(b 9eys. &he #$rst # (r are (sed $n r (nd ;: the !ast # (r are (sed $n r (nd ,. &he 9ey $s r tated an ther ;5 b$ts t the !e#t # r the ne7t e$"ht s(b 9eys, and s n (nt$! the end # the a!" r$th). De'ry6t$ n $s e7a't!y the sa)e, e7'e6t that the s(b 9eys are re8ersed and s!$"ht!y d$##erent. &he de'ry6t$ n s(b 9eys are e$ther the add$t$8e r )(!t$6!$'at$8e $n8erses # the en'ry6t$ n s(b 9eys. FF r the 6(r6 se # IDEA, the a!! Ker s(b b! '9 $s ' ns$dered t re6resent ;11 L -1 # r )(!t$6!$'at$ n ) d(! ;11 I1: th(s the )(!t$6!$'at$8e $n8erse # / $s /G. Ca!'(!at$n" these 9eys ta9es s )e d $n", b(t y ( n!y ha8e t d $t n'e # r ea'h de'ry6t$ n 9ey. &he E)bedd$n" Pr 'ess &he ' 8er $)a"e $s t ' n8erted t be ' n8erted t be b$nary. &he 6r$8ate $n# r)at$ n $s t en'ry6ted by IDEA a!" r$th) t

F$".1 IDEA a!" r$th) In ea'h r (nd the seA(en'e # 'a!'(!at$ ns $s as # !! ws* 1. M(!t$6!y B1 and the #$rst s(b 9ey J1. ;. Add B; and se' nd s(b 9ey J;. ,. Add B, and the th$rd s(b 9ey J,. .. M(!t$6!y B. and the # (rth s(b 9ey J.. 5. BH2 the res(!ts # ste6s 1 and ,. 1. BH2 the res(!ts # ste6s ; and .. 0. M(!t$6!y the res(!ts # ste6 5 w$th the #$#th S(b 9ey J5. 8. Add the res(!ts # ste6s 1 and 0. +. M(!t$6!y the res(!ts # ste6 8 w$th the s$7th s(b 9ey J1. 1/. Add the res(!ts # ste6s 0 and +. 11. BH2 the res(!ts # ste6s 1 and +. 1;. BH2 the res(!ts # ste6s , and +. 1,. BH2 the res(!ts # ste6s ; and 1/. 1.. BH2 the res(!ts # ste6s . and 1/. &he (t6(t # the r (nd $s the # (r s(b b! '9s that are the res(!ts # ste6s 11, 1;, 1,,

b$nary. &hen $t sh (!d be "et the

'$6her te7t. &he '$6her te7t 'an be e)bedded

$nt the ' 8er $)a"e. &here are )any ways # e)bedd$n". &he ) st (s(a! way $s 4SB =!east s$"n$#$'ant b$t> $nsert$ n F1G. Hne b$t # the '$6her $s e)bedded $nt the 1st b$t # ea'h byte # the ' 8er $)a"e. In th$s 6a6er I (sed a d$##erent a66r a'h. In the #$rst byte the #$rst b$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the se' nd byte the se' nd b$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the th$rd byte the th$rd b$t 6 s$t$ n and s n t$!! the 8 th byte. A"a$n $n the +th byte the #$rst b$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the 1/th byte the se' nd b$t 6 s$t$ n and s n t$!! the 11th byte. A"a$n $n the 10th byte the 1st b$t 6 s$t$ n, $n the 18th byte the ;nd b$t 6 s$t$ n and s n. &h$s tr$'9 $s ' nt$n(ed t$!! the end # the en'ry6ted data. Here ne 6 $nt we 'an n te $s the !en"th # the ' 8er $)a"e sh (!d be 8 t$)es than the '$6her data. A!s $# the !en"th # the '$6her data $s !ess than 1M8th # the ' 8er $)a"e then Ker s are t be added t the '$6her t )a9e $ts !en"th 1M8th # the ' 8er $)a"e. &he re'e$8er w$!! ' !!e't the '$6her #r ) the res6e't$8e b$t 6 s$t$ ns and de'ry6t $t t "et the a't(a! Ste61 E N w send the t ta! $)a"e t re'e$8er Ste60 E 2e'e$8er ' !!e'ts the b$ts #r ) ea'h byte #r ) the d$##erent b$t 6 s$t$ ns as he 9n ws the 6 s$t$ ns and a66!$es the IDEA a!" r$th) w$th the sa)e 1;8-b$t =as (sed by sender> 9ey t de'ry6t and "et the h$dden $n# r)at$ n. III. ALGORITHMS $n# r)at$ n. &he IDEA a!" r$th) (ses a 8ery ' )6!e7 'a!'(!at$ n s $t w$!! be 8ery d$##$'(!t # r the $ntr(der t ha'9 the data. Ste65 E E)bed the '$6her $nt $)a"e as d$s'(ssed $n se't$ n II. the ' 8er Ste6. E A66!y$n" IDEA a!" r$th) t en'ry6t the 6r$8ate data by (s$n" the 1;8-b$t 9ey. N w we " t the '$6her. Ste6, E Ma9e s(re that the !en"th # ' 8er $)a"e $s e7a't!y 8 t$)es than that # the 6r$8ate data. I# the ' 8er $)a"e $s !ess than 8 t$)es, then a b$""er $)a"e 'an be ta9en, r $# the !en"th # 6r$8ate data $s !ess than 1M8th # the ' 8er $)a"e than Ker es 'an be 6added. Ste6; E C n8ert the 6r$8ate data t b$nary. Ste61- C n8ert the ' 8er $)a"e t b$nary Algorithm1 (Text in Image)

IV THE SECURITY OF THE SYSTEM Algorithm2 (Image in Image) &here are tw Ste61- C n8ert the ' 8er $)a"e t b$nary Ste6; E C n8ert the 6r$8ate $)a"e t b$nary. Ste6, E Ma9e s(re that the !en"th # ' 8er $)a"e $s e7a't!y 8 t$)es than that # the 6r$8ate $)a"e. I# the ' 8er $)a"e $s !ess than 8 t$)es then a b$""er $)a"e 'an be ta9en, r $# the !en"th # 6r$8ate $)a"e $s !ess than 1M8th # the ' 8er $)a"e than Ker es 'an be 6added. Ste6 .E A66!y$n" IDEA a!" r$th) t en'ry6t the 6r$8ate $)a"e by (s$n" the 1;8b$t 9ey. N w we " t the '$6her. Ste65 E E)bed the '$6her $nt $)a"e as d$s'(ssed $n se't$ n II. Ste61 E N w send the t ta! $)a"e t re'e$8er Ste60 E 2e'e$8er ' !!e'ts the b$ts #r ) ea'h byte #r ) the d$##erent b$t 6 s$t$ ns as he 9n ws the 6 s$t$ ns and a66!$es the IDEA a!" r$th) w$th the sa)e 1;8-b$t =as (sed by sender> 9ey t de'ry6t and "et the h$dden $)a"e. the ' 8er A!" r$th)1- F$".; re6resents h w the te7t $s h$dden $ns$de the $)a"e. F$"., re6resents the trans)$tted $)a"e and #$".. re6resents the de'ry6t$ n at the re'e$8er. V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS !e8e!s # se'(r$ty $n th$s 6r 6 sed ste" syste). F$rst!y the $ntr(der 'ann t s(s6e't by see$n" the $)a"e that there $s s )eth$n" h$dden $ns$de $t. I# at a!! he s(s6e'ts then what are the b$t 6 s$t$ ns, h w he w$!! $dent$#y. I# the b$t 6 s$t$ ns $dent$#$ed h w he 'an "et the 9ey t de'ry6t the '$6her. I# the $ntr(der w$!! try t ha'9 by h$t and tr$a! )eth d he )ay ta9e years t "ether.

&he 6r$8ate te7t t be h$dden $s* Nwe w$!! )eet t ) rr w at + AMO. &he ' 8er $)a"e

F$".; h$d$n" the te7t $n the $)a"e

F$"., &rans)$tted I)a"e=&e7t $s h$dden>

F$".. De'ry6t$ n at the re'e$8er A!" r$th);-F$".5 re6resents h w the 6r$8ate $)a"e $s h$dden $ns$de the ' 8er $)a"e. F$".-1 re6resents the trans)$tted t ta! $)a"e and #$".0 re6resents the de'ry6t$ n at the re'e$8er. F$".5 h$d$n" # the $)a"e $ns$de the ' 8er $)a"e &he !e#t s$de $)a"e sh wn $n #$".5 $s the 6r$8ate $)a"e t be h$dden $n s$de the r$"ht s$de $)a"e.

VI CO C!"#IO As we 'an bser8e #r ) the res(!ts b th the a!" r$ths w r9s 8ery #$ne. H# ' (rse I ha8e bser8ed by ta9$n" ther sa)6!es a!s . It 6r 8$des )(!t$6!e !e8e!s # se'(r$ty. I# at a!! the $ntr(der s(s6e'ts $t $s 8ery 8ery d$##$'(!t # r h$) t ha'9 the data.
F$".1 &rans)$tted t ta! I)a"e

B(t the )a$n de)er$t $s the sender and re'e$8er sh (!d a"ree the b$t $nsert$ n 6 s$t$ ns and the 9ey. &he $)a"e A(a!$ty s!$"ht!y de"rades.

&h$s 6r 'ess 'an be e7tended t send 6r$8ate $)a"e $n ' 8er $)a"e. It 'an a!s be re#erred t de8$se new 6r 'ess h w t send 6r$8ate dataM$)a"e $n a(d$ as we!! as 8$de .

F$".0 De'ry6t$ n at the re'e$8er

$E%E$E CE# F1G M ha))ad A!$ Ban$ 5 (nes, A)an ?antan, NA New Ste"an "ra6hy A66r a'h # r I)a"e En'ry6t$ n E7'han"e by (s$n" the 4SB ? (rna! $nsert$ nO, I?CSNS Internat$ na! # C )6(ter S'$en'e % Netw r9

Se'(r$ty, V ! 8, N 1 , ?(ne ;//8. F;G Antt$ Ha)a!anen, Matt$ & ))$s9a and ? r)a S9ytta, 1;th N1.08 ' n#eren'e @$"ab$ts n F$e!d I)6!e)entat$ n # the IDEA Cry6t "ra6h$' A!" r$th)O, Pr "ra))ab!e 4 "$' and A66!$'at$ ns,

M nt6e!!$er, Fran'e, Se6t ;//;. F,G A!6hae$s Man"arae, In Art$'!e NFJ neH. r"GO Mar'h 18th ;//1. F.G M$r s!a8 D bs$'e9, In Art$'!e NM dern Cry6t "ra6hyO, CKe'9 &e'hn$'a! Pn$8ers$ty $n Pra"(e. F5G 2 ss ?. Anders n, Fab$an A.P. Pet$t' !as, NHn &he 4$)$ts # ste"an "ra6hyO, IEEE ? (rna! # se!e'ted Areas $n ' ))(n$'at$ n, 11=.>, .0.-.81, May 1++8.