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A D
Respiration
B E
2. Outline some of the methods used to measure or estimate atmospheric carbon dioxide. Recent history:
Geological history:
a. Suggest one human impact and one natural cause that could have led to the overall trend shown in the graph: Anthropogenic:
Natural:
4. Explain the greenhouse effect with the aid of a diagram. Include short-wave and long-wave radiation.
5. Explain how increased atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases lead to an enhanced greenhouse effect.
7. Give two other examples of the precautionary principle in effect in Biology or Medicine.
Ecology and evolution (core) revision Habitat Population Community Ecosystem Ecology Niche Biodiversity Trophic level 9. Complete the tree below with definitions and examples of each type of feeding strategy. Can you distinguish between the feeding strategies at each level?
10. Food chains represent the flow of energy and nutrients in a series of feeding relationships. Give one example of a marine food chain (min. 4 organisms) Give one example of a terrestrial food chain (min. 4 organisms)
11. On a separate sheet, construct a freshwater food web based on the following information:
a. For the food web created above: 1. Identify organisms in each of the trophic levels. Do any fit more than one trophic level?
c. Why are the numbers of organisms usually smaller higher up the trophic levels?
13. Draw a box diagram to show the effects of natality, mortality, immigration and emigration on a population:
b. Remain stable
c. Decline
Ecology and evolution (core) revision 15. In the space below, draw a population growth curve. Annotate it to explain the exponential, transition and plateau phases and carrying capacity (K).
18. Populations tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support. a. Explain how the following lead to a struggle for survival Competition for food
Parasitism
Disease
Predation
c. Outline how the following aspects of sexual reproduction contribute to variation within a species: Meiosis
Random fertilization
Mutation
d. State which of the above is the main source of variation within genes.
Ecology and evolution (core) revision 19. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of evolution. a. What is Staphylococcus aureus?
b. Distinguish between MRSA and MSSA. c. Use the key terms environmental change, variation, survival, reproduction to annotate this diagram, explaining how antibiotic resistance has evolved. Original population: Source of variation: Environmental change: Effect on population: Selection for: Inheritance:
20. Explain one other example of evolution of a species, in response to environmental change. (Galapagos finches or pepper moths)
Ecology and evolution (core) revision 21. Homologous structures d. Define homologous
e. One of the most obvious examples of homologous structures in animals is the pentadactyl limb. Define pentadactyl.
f.
Homologous structures has evolved through adaptive radiation. Explain this term.
22. Selective breeding of domesticated animals g. State the purpose of selective breeding
Artificial selection, like natural selection, can work in two ways. State examples of each: i. Selection for
j.
Selection against