Norwegian University of

Science and Technology

Capability Statement

Energy for
Development

2005
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Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Energy for Development

Capability Statement
1. Energy for Developing Countries: The Challenge 4
2. Capability at NTNU 5
2.1. History, Profile and Strategy 5
2.2. Organization Map and Functions 6
2.2.1. Strategic Research Area; Energy and Environment 6
2.2.2. Strategic Research Area; Globalization Programme 8
2.2.3. Relevant Interdisciplinary Programmes 8
2.2.4. Local Partnerships 9
2.3. Research Activities and Education 9
2.3.1. Energy Systems 11
2.3.2. Hydropower 13
2.3.3. Bioenergy 16
2.3.4. Solar Energy 17
2.3.5. Wind Energy 18
2.3.6. Energy and Society 18
2.4. Faculties, Staff and Facilities 19
3. Collaborating Universities and Institutions 24
Appendix A Results and Publications 26

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Background
The Capability Statement Energy for Development aims to present an overview of the various activities,
projects and capabilities at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), which are
related to renewable energy in developing countries.

The report emphasises NTNU, and the information is primarily gathered from staff members. The
presented projects and contacts at SINTEF and the International Centre for Hydropower do not give a
complete overview of relevant activities etc., as it presents only projects which are in directly collaboration
with NTNU. There may also be several other relevant projects at NTNU which are not included in this
Capability Statement. Hence, information, comments and recommendations to this draft are very welcome.

The Capability Statement Energy for Development is initiated by the Programme for Development
Cooperation at NTNU. Åse Lekang Sørensen (Research Assistant, Department of Energy and Process
Engineering) and Knut Stenberg (Co-ordinator, Programme for Development Cooperation) have been
responsible for compiling the statement. However, the statement was only made possible by the invaluable
advice and ssistance given by staff members at NTNU.

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1. Energy for Developing Countries: The Challenge

Energy is an underlying driver of economic growth and social development. Yet human consumption of
energy in the form of fossil fuels, primarily in developed countries, is altering the Earth's climate and
contributing to increased vulnerability of the world's poorest people. While evidence suggests a need for
both demand reduction and alternative energy sources in the North, there is also a parallel need to increase
energy supplies in the South—and to do this in a way which promotes sustainable development.

Two years have passed since the World Summit on Sustainable Development formulated a Plan of Action.
This plan identified the need to “take joint action and improve efforts to work together at all levels to
improve access to reliable and affordable energy services for sustainable development sufficient to
facilitate the achievements of the millennium development goals, including the goal of halving the
proportion of people in poverty by 2015”1.

The energy supply necessary to achieve this goal, as well as the implications for world energy
consumption, represent enormous challenges. The prospects for energy consumption and carbon emissions
related to a substantial increase in wealth, given the existing energy consumption pattern, are alarming.

• Energy intensity (the ratio of energy use to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) often depends on a
country’s stage of development. While the world average GDP per energy unit in the year 2000 was
0.25 USD per kWh, increasing with 1 per cent annually, it was half of that in low income countries.
• The carbon emissions from energy production depend on the source of energy. It has been going down
with newer and renewable energy carriers being exploited, from 75 tons per kWyr a hundred years ago
to 55 tons today. In Africa, where the commercial supply is dominated by coal (78 tons/kWyr) and oil
(60 tons/kWyr), the carbon intensity is still close to world average 100 years ago2.

Various developing countries have developed energy strategies addressing the needs of their country. To
succeed with the strategies, cost effective, efficient and sustainable energy services must be available.
Decentralization of renewable energy services may be a promising solution, as decentralization has the
ability to facilitate technology transfer, increase equity in the distribution and consumption of resources,
and increase participation of local communities in the supply of energy services.

1
Johannesburg Summit (2002). The World Summit on Sustainable Development. United Nations. Johannesburg, South Africa
2
M.I. Hoffert et. al., Nature, 1998, 395, pp.881-4, “Energy Implications of Future Atmospheric Stabilization of CO2 Content”

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2. Capability at NTNU
2.1. History, Profile and Strategy

The new university in Trondheim, NTNU, which has come into existence due to the fully fledged merger in
1995 of the Norwegian Institute of Technology, NTH, and the University of Trondheim, UNIT, has
identified six areas for its strategic focus. One of these areas is Energy and Petroleum - Resources and
Environment.

Given Norway’s abundant hydro-electric resources, NTH had since its inauguration in 1910 been the
national strong hold for research and education in technologies for production and distribution of electric
power – from hydrology, dams, water tunnels, turbines, generators, high voltages switches and transformers
to end user applications.

Combustion technology has also become a more important area, not least since the 1970s with the
discoveries and exploitation of the vast gas resources off the Norwegian shore.

Increased focus on energy efficiency has coincided with these developments. Newer technologies for heat
pumps and heat exchangers have become an expanding area for research and education.

Simultaneously exploitation of new renewable energy sources has attracted increased interest amongst
technologists and scientists. Wind energy has been an area of research at both NTNU and SINTEF for more
than 20 years.

In recent years, Norway’s deposits of Silicon Oxide, SiO2, have lead to a new focus on photo voltaic solar
cells and solar systems.

Energy has always been an area which has engaged a multitude of disciplines. At NTNU architects and
construction engineers have undertaken the task of developing energy efficient buildings and combining
heat saving design with integrated energy producing components from renewable resources as sun and geo
thermal sources.

Social scientists have also contributed to this area, by studying new technologies from a demand side point
of view; what obstacles are there for new and efficient technologies, as heat exchangers, before they are
fully accepted by customers.

As a part of NTNU’s internationalisation strategy, and for NTNU to be internationally competitive, an

active role in an international and varied educational system is important. This includes countries in the
developing part of the world.

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2.2. Organization map and Functions

Centre for Renewable Energy, The Gas Technology Center, Study Programmes
NTNU-SINTEF NTNU-SINTEF Energy and the Environment

Other relevant study programmes:

Product development and Production
Energy and Petroleum Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Resources and Environment Civil and Environmental Engineering
Materials Technology
Geology and Petroleum Engineering
Groups Marine Technology
Energy System Analysis Humanities and Social Sciences
Strategic Areas Energy and Society
TRANSES

Production systems in Environmental and

Globalization
a globalised world social responsibility

Programme for Development Cooperation

Relevant Interdisciplinary
The Industrial Ecology Programme
Programmes

The Natural Resource Program

Gemini Centres
Materials and Energy
Energy Supply and Air Conditioning Tech.
Electric Power and Energy Systems

Electric Power Technology

SINTEF
Energy Processes
Energy Research
Energy Systems

SINTEF Architecture and

Technology and Society Building Technology

Figure: The map shows some of the centres, groups and programmes relevant for renewable energy in developing countries

2.2.1. Strategic Research Area; Energy and Environment

Through the strategic area “Energy and Petroleum - Resources and Environment” NTNU seeks to
strengthen the knowledge base for sustainable production and consumption of energy. The overall goal of
this research and education is to participate in the global innovation process and bring forward new
knowledge, technology and economic solutions that may be useful to society, and make it possible to meet
future energy demands with substantially less harmful emissions.

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The activities cover technology from the source to the end user. More than 30 research groups at 20
departments at NTNU and SINTEF are involved, working in teams in order to solve complicated problems
within selected areas.

Centre for Renewable Energy, NTNU – SINTEF (SFFE)

To support the central strategy and improve the availability and marketability of renewable energy sources,
NTNU have initiated the establishment of a new Centre for Renewable Energy. This centre was opened in
June 2004 with the aim of contributing to the establishment of NTNU and SINTEF as leading actors in the
development of renewable energy technology, through superior education and research.

A Board of Directors, comprising also members from key industries in the sub sector, had their first
meeting in February 2005. Professor Johan E. Hustad of Department of Energy and Process Engineering is
the leader of SFFE.

The combined effort is comprised of; primary solar energy, small-scale hydropower, wind energy strategic
programme, bio-energy, energy from the ocean, ambient heat, hydrogen technology for energy storage,
energy system integration and societal issues.

The Gas Technology Center, NTNU – SINTEF (GTS)

The Gas Technology Center is the largest center for gas technology research and education in Norway. As
natural gas is cleaner than oil and coal, gas research enables us to create a more environmentally friendly
planet. The Center aims at building knowledge and technology which contribute to an efficient and
environmentally friendly utilization of natural gas. The competence within the Gas Technology Center
covers the entire value chain from extraction to end-user

Group; Energy system analysis

Energy system analysis is a central research activity within the field of energy research and the activities
are located at various faculties within NTNU.

The introduction of competitive electricity and gas markets offers a significant challenge to the transition to
a sustainable and flexible energy infrastructure. With the advent of competition and increased uncertainty,
the traditional long-term planning activities of governments and monopoly utilities have been severely
diluted, causing potential gridlock and under-investment in energy infrastructures, with significant
economic and social consequences. The Energy System Analysis group wants to find solutions to these
problems.

One of the group’s research programmes, Sustainable Energy Distribution Systems (SEDS), is a combined
effort by NTNU and SINTEF Energy Research. The main objective of this programme is to develop a
scientifically based framework for the planning of mixed energy distribution systems, including methods
and models for optimal integration of different energy sources and carriers within the existing electric
power system infrastructure.

The programme primarily focuses on Northern Europe, but knowledge and experience from the programme
is also valid for systems in the developing world.

Group; Energy and Society

The research group “Energy and Society” aims to contribute knowledge which is useful to the creation of a
more sustainable energy regime in Norway and at an international level. To achieve this, the group analyses
social and cultural dimensions of energy use in residential and non-residential buildings and in political and
economical conditions of more sustainable energy production. The research group collaborates with
researchers on energy technologies from technical and non-technical disciplines.

An example of relevant projects is “Development of export-oriented new and renewable energy industries
in Norway and China – Actor strategies and framework conditions”. This project aims to analyse how
Norwegian and Chinese new renewable energy industrial actors view the domestic conditions influencing
their chances of developing through international technology co-operation. Furthermore, it will examine the

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strategies these actors employ to change these conditions. Finally, suggestions will be forwarded for
improvements to the current operative framework for new renewable energy technology co-operation in
order to better support the needs of new renewable energy actors.

Group; Alternatives for the Transition to Sustainable Energy Services (TRANSES)

NTNU and SINTEF have - in co-operation with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and
Chalmers University of Technology - established a Joint Research Program on Alternatives for the
Transition to Sustainable Energy Services (TRANSES) in Northern Europe.

The TRANSES program will create an international arena for dissemination of results, dialogue and
exchange of ideas in order to gain a swifter transition to sustainable energy services.

Study Programme; Energy and the Environment

The study programme Energy and the Environment is describes in Chapter 2.3, Research Activities and
Education.

2.2.2. Strategic Research Area; Globalization Programme

Another strategic research area for NTNU is The Globalization Programme. The Programme is based on
NTNU’s long-standing tradition of globalization research and combines academic excellence,
interdisciplinarity and social relevance.

Group; Production Systems in a Globalised World

The overriding goal for Production Systems in a Globalised World is to develop knowledge that will
contribute to the understanding of how individual nations and the actors in the production of goods and
services can find roles and positions that are sustainable and competitive in the interaction with other
countries and actors. This research will be generally useful for problems that arise in the cooperation
between industrialised and developing countries in the field.

The group has four main themes, of which “Environmental and social responsibility” is one.

2.2.3. Relevant Interdisciplinary Programmes

Programme for Development Cooperation
The main aim of Programme for Development Cooperation is to promote cooperation between NTNU and
partners in developing countries on research and research based education. In addition to challenges related
to cultural, social, economical, ecological, technological and political change in third world countries, the
objective is to help build lasting capabilities for research and research education in the South.

Programme for Development Cooperation will, in close collaboration with the academic milieus at NTNU,
work to strengthen interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research on development issues by bringing
students and academic staff with a common interest in the field together, across traditional disciplinary
dividers.

Industrial Ecology Programme (IndEcol)

IndEcol is a university programme in the area of Industrial Ecology. Industrial ecology is a dynamic,
systems-based framework that enables management of human activity on a sustainable basis by minimizing
energy and materials usage, ensuring acceptable quality of life for people, minimizing ecological impacts of
human activity to levels natural systems can sustain, and maintaining economic viability of systems for
industry, trade and commerce. The activities at IndEcol have a strong attention to interdisciplinary research
and teaching, bridging technology and social sciences.

IndEcol is currently carrying out research on the environmental effects of the globalization of energy
intensive industry. The working hypothesis is that the relocation of energy-intensive industry to developing

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countries, justified by financial efficiency, will in fact have an adverse effect on the environment and the
use of natural resources. The focus is on how localisation of industry is significant for global pollution.

The Natural Resource Program

The study program for natural resource management at NTNU is a multidisciplinary education and research
programme, which was initiated in 2002. The program aims at educating and training well qualified
persons as actors within institutions and companies, who are capable of handling multidisciplinary
challenges.

Sustainable development is critical for economical development in many developing countries. It is

therefore important to gain knowledge about resources available today, using existing technologies, as well
as how these resources can be used in a sustainable manner.

NTNU has a solid foundation in natural sciences, interwoven with broadly based expertise in the
humanities and social sciences. This offers a unique opportunity to work in a multidisciplinary environment
with current natural resource challenges, both national and international.

2.2.4. Local Partnerships

SINTEF
SINTEF is the largest independent research organisation in Scandinavia, with 1700 employees. The
SINTEF Group develop solutions based on research and development in technology, natural sciences,
medicine and social sciences. SINTEF is a main partner institution for NTNU, sharing laboratories, offices
and personnel. Most strategic research areas at NTNU heavily involve SINTEF.

The collaboration between NTNU and SINTEF entered a new phase in 2003, with the establishment of five
Gemini Centres. The Gemini concept is a model for cooperation between parallel research groups that has
the objective of coordinating their strategic efforts, thus raising the level of quality and creating larger,
more robust research groups. The vision of the Gemini Centres is that their milieu should be international
leaders in all respects, from teaching, through basic and applied research, to commercialisation. There are
now ten Gemini Centres established, including Materials and energy, Energy supply and air conditioning
technology, and Electric Power and Energy Systems.

The research department SINTEF Energy Research develops solutions related to power generation and
conversion, transmission and distribution and the final use of electricity and other types of energy carriers.
The work of the department ranges from the indoor environment and energy consumption in buildings to
gas technology, combustion, bioenergy and food technology.

International Centre for Hydropower (ICH)

The International Centre for Hydropower is an international association that promotes the development and
utilization of hydropower as an environmentally benign source of energy throughout the world. The
purpose of ICH is to raise the standards of competence of industry personnel, promote the industry and
work for a sustainable development with hydropower as a clean and renewable source of energy.

ICH offices are located at the campus of NTNU and surrounded by SINTEF departments. There is close co-
operation between ICH and NTNU, and professors from NTNU are involved in teaching in courses offered
by ICH.

2.3 Research Activities and Education

NTNU is a university with a focus on technology and the natural sciences, as well as a solid standing in the
humanities and the social sciences. As the second-largest university in Norway it has 53 departments, seven
faculties, and 3300 employees. About half of these employees are in research positions, and students and
scientists are involved in around 2000 research projects at any given time. Each year about 2250
professional, master-level or PhD degrees are awarded, and a third of these are to female students. There
are 20 000 registered students at NTNU and the university offers more than 2000 taught subjects.

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While this Capability Statement may not present all the excising projects relevant to renewable energy in
developing countries, it does aim to give an insight in some relevant ongoing activities at NTNU. Some of
the involved departments and groups can be found in the map below.

Faculties Departments Research Groups

Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art Architectural Design, History and Technology
Architectural Design, Form and Colour

Faculty of Information Technology, Power Systems group

Mathematics and Electrical Engineering Electrical Power Engineering Energy Conversion group
Electrical Installations group

Energy and Environment engineering

Faculty of Engineering Science and
Technology
Energy and Process Engineering The Thermal Energy Group
Civil and Transport Engineering
Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering
Marine Technology
Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering

Faculty of Arts Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies Research group for gender studies
Energy, Transportation and the Environment
Faculty of Natural Sciences and
Technology Materials Technology
Physics Group of Energy and Environmental Physics

Faculty of Social Sciences and

Technology Management Geography
Sociology and Political Science
Industrial Economics and Technology Management
Social Anthropology African Studies

Economic efficiency, environmental sustainability and social equity are all main dimensions of sustainable
development. Only by working interdisciplinary a better understanding of the synergies and trade-offs
among these three dimensions may be achieved. In this chapter research activities and education relevant to
renewable energy in developing countries are therefore presented in themes and not divided by faculties.
There also exists several other Master Programmes at NTNU regarding either energy or developing
countries, and there may also be other Master Programmes in relation to energy use in developing
countries.

Some of the presented research activities are supported by Norwegian Council for Higher Education’s
Programme for Development Research and Education (NUFU). The NUFU-programme promotes mutually
beneficial cooperation between academic institutions in the South and in Norway. An agreement between
the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) and the Norwegian Council for Higher
Education (UHR) provides funding for the NUFU programme. For more information, see http://siu.no/nufu.

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For programmes located at NTNU, the NORAD-fellowship programme and the Quota programme are
relevant financial support programmes for candidates from developing countries. At present NTNU offers
the following courses under NORAD-fellowship programme; M.Sc. course in Hydropower Development;
M.Sc. courses in Petroleum Engineering/Petroleum Geoscience; M.Sc. course in Marine Technology;
M.Phil. course in Social Change; and Diploma course in Urban Ecological Planning. In the Quota
programme NTNU has the largest institutional quota in Norway with 175 seats (155 for developing
countries and 20 for Central and Eastern Europe).

2.3.1 Energy Systems

Developing countries suffer from an underdeveloped energy infrastructure, which commonly means
expensive and/or unreliable energy service, and often high environmental and health costs. It is therefore
necessary to look at the complete energy system, not only the separate energy sources and technologies.
NTNU and SINTEF have valuable experience within energy systems, including energy transport and
network connections.

Master's Program in Energy and the Environment

Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

Energy and the Environment is an interdisciplinary study established in 1998. The program gives complete
five-year education curriculum for modern energy engineers with a broad and integrated energy and
environmental profile. The program is built up to cover important energy related problems with
considerable impact to the environment. The key issues are effective and environmentally friendly
obtaining, exploration and conversion of energy resources, as well as distribution, transportation and end-
use of energy in different sectors. Other important ingredients are energy planning, both locally and
globally, bearing in mind the prerequisites that we cover all our real requirements.

The two first years consist of method courses and fundamental energy engineering courses. Beginning with
the third year, one can specialize in one of four lines of study: Energy Use and Energy Planning, Electrical
Energy Systems, Heat and Energy Processes and Industrial Ecology.

Specialization: Energy, Environment and Development

Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology (SIO-10 Energi, miljø og utvikling)

In the specialization ‘Energy, Environment and Development’ students are working with a project relevant
to sustainable energy systems in developing countries. The project form the specialization, together with
two of the following courses; “Bioenergy in developing countries”, “Solar Energy Systems”, “Energy
Systems Analysis for Developing Countries” and “Energy, development and technology cooperation”.

A diploma may follow this project, preferably at a foreign university or as fieldwork in a developing
country. Possible diplomas might be; Energy, environment and development in developing countries; Solar
Power in Africa; Stand-Alone Power Supplies; Electrification, Bioenergy and Waste management in
Uganda; Analysis of Clean Development Mechanisms; or Sand Erosion in Hydraulic Machinery. There are
possibilities for a co-operation with Norwegian companies working with energy projects in developing
countries.

Course: Energy, development and technology cooperation

The topic gives an introduction to technology cooperation between North and South with focus on energy,
existing frameworks, potentials and barriers. Discussed themes include; Introduction and status of climate
negotiations; Flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol, focusing on the Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM); Economical and political framework for projects within energy technology cooperation; and Funds
for new renewable energy technologies.

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Master Degree Program: Sustainable Energy and Environment in Serbia and Montenegro
Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

The overall objective for this long term collaboration project is to give a contribution to development of a
sustainable and environmentally friendly energy system, which will improve quality of life for the people
and support growth of the new democracy in Serbia and Montenegro.

The particular aim for the project is to develop and establish a new post-graduate programme (Master
Degree) for the field of “Sustainable Energy and Environment” at the University of Belgrade, Serbia and
Montenegro. The work will take benefits from Norwegian experience gained through similar educational
program that have been established at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and also
introduced at several universities in East European Countries.

The Master Degree Programme gives a two-year curriculum for modern energy engineers with a broad and
integrated energy and environmental profile. The programme is built up to cover important energy related
issues with considerable impact to the environment. The key subjects are effective and environmental
friendly obtaining, exploration and conversion of energy resources, likewise distribution, transportation and
end-use of energy in different sectors, covering both buildings and industry.

The funding for the project is obtained by grants from Norwegian authorities, trough The Cooperation
Programme with South Eastern Europe - Research and Higher Education.

Master Degree Program: Master of Engineering in Electrical Power Engineering

Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering

The Department of Electrical Power Engineering is among the international leaders for teaching and
research within its field. Strong-point areas include energy technology, energy consumption and energy
planning. Examples on research activities are distributed energy resources in Nepal and stand-alone PV
systems.

The Master of Engineering in the Electrical Power Engineering program is an international program
designed for improving the professional competence of electrical engineers in Nepal, South-East Asia, and
Africa in the electrical power engineering field. This program is currently a 3-semester masters program.

The program is run by Kathmandu University (KU) in cooperation with NTNU, under Norwegian Agency
for Development Cooperation (NORAD) fellowship program. Gradually the course will be completely
transferred to Kathmandu University, after transfer of knowledge and expertise from NTNU to KU in some
areas of electrical power engineering.

Master Degree Program: MSc Programme in Industrial Ecology

The Industrial Ecology Programme (IndEcol) offers a new international MSc Programme in Industrial
Ecology from fall term 2005. The master programme will be both interdisciplinary and international,
accepting students with different educational backgrounds from Norway as well as the rest of the world.
Students at NTNU's Master’s in Industrial Ecology program specialize in one of three program directions;
• Quantitative Environmental Analysis in Industrial Ecology
• Industrial Ecology and Design, Innovation and Production
• Policy, Leadership and Implementation of Industrial Ecology

Course: Energy Carriers and Energy Systems in Developing Countries

Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering

The Department of Energy and Process Engineering is currently planning a course within renewable energy
systems in developing countries. The course preparation is financed by NTNU.

The aim of the course is to provide students with an understanding of the energy situation in developing
countries. The subjects will be lectured at Makerere University in Uganda and students from both Makerere

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and NTNU will attend the programme. The programme contains: An overview of the current world-wide
energy situation, with emphasis on the energy situation in Africa and Uganda; Development theories and
energy issues related to development; Gender perspectives on energy development; Local, regional and
global energy and environmental problems; Summary of traditional and modern energy-systems in
household and industry with emphasis on bioenergy, solar energy and small scale hydro power. In the
course of fieldwork and project work students will be introduced to various energy systems.

Course: Energy Systems Analysis for Developing Countries

(SIO40AS/TEP21 Energisystemanalyse og utvikling)
Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering

The course aims to give students an understanding of energy issues and associated environmental problems
in developing countries. The course goes through specific issues, such as household energy use and its
relation to poverty and resource scarcity, the health impacts of biomass and coal combustion, responses to
fuel wood scarcity, the introduction and governance of commercial energy systems.

Course: Energy management

(TEP4150 Energiforvaltning og – teknologi) Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

The course aims to give an introduction to basic problems according energy use and management, both
seen from a technical and society view. The course contains; Characterizing of energy recourses,
transformation and use; Energy situation in the world: energy use, distribution and development trends;
Different energy systems and their structure; Norway’s role in the European and global energy system;
What is sustainable energy systems? Prognoses, scenarios and planning; Energy and economical analysis;
Energy in developing countries; Energy and ethics.

Course: Sustainability - case Xi´an – Sustainable and Energy Efficient Buildings

Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering

The course is arranged and taught by professors from NTNU and Xi´an University of Architecture and
Technology (XUAT), and is mainly focusing on energy issues. A special focus will be placed on electricity
saving technologies, as the generation of electricity involves very important environmental impacts.
Subjects covered will be: energy analysis of buildings, economic analysis of energy conservation measures,
technology potentials for improving the building fabric and its technical service systems, exploitation of
renewable energy (solar heating, solar cooling, day lighting, solar electricity, natural ventilation).

Project: Sure Build

The project Sure Build, Sustainable Redevelopment of Buildings in Poland, includes the partners Dept. of
Architectural Design, Form and Colour Studies, dept. of Architectural Design, History and Technology and
Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), Poland. Main project goals are; Promoting the idea of
sustainable development in lights of ratification of the Kyoto protocol; and Recognition of the countries’
markets for future economical cooperation in the building sector. Sub goals include implementation and
demonstration of sustainable energy technologies and proposal of new building integrated energy saving.

2.3.2 Hydropower

NTNU and SINTEF have invaluable experience within both large scale and small scale hydropower
research and development. Different faculties and departments (such as Dept. of Geology and Mineral
Resources Engineering, Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Dept. of Energy and Process
Engineering and Dept. of Civil and Transport Engineering) are working within various international
research areas, and there exists numerous ongoing and completed research activities, such as PhD-projects
and MSc-theses, and also other kind of cooperation with developing countries. Some of the involved
countries are Bhutan, Nepal, Vietnam, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Uganda, China, Colombia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia,
Laos, and Iran.

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MSc in Hydropower Development (12 NORAD Fellows, 6-7 Quota Programme students)
Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering
Professor in charge: Haakon Støle Dr.ing. Course Co-ordinator: Hilbjørg Sandvik

The main objective of the programme is to offer continuing education for future project managers in
hydropower development and planners in the hydropower sector. The focus is on the needs experienced by
the hydropower authorities and agencies in developing countries.

A wide range of engineering, economic and environmental subjects is covered, with both fundamental and
applied subjects included, with emphasis on the latter. The lecturers are university staff and professional
engineers with significant international experience. The programme is consistent in referring to
international practice and experience, not only the Norwegian experience in hydropower planning and
development.

Hydropower Laboratory in Nepal (Hydro Lab Pvt Ltd)

Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology; Contact Person: Haakon Støle

An independent hydro laboratory with permanent facilities was established in Nepal in 1999, through the
support of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the International Centre for
Hydropower (ICH) in Trondheim, Norway. The objective of the hydro lab is to assist in the achievement of
national development goals by providing an effective base for research and development, training and
consulting services in the field of water resources development in Nepal.

The application of hydraulic model studies in water engineering has become very well known in Nepal and
the need for such studies is fully recognised. Hydro Lab Pvt. Ltd. is the only research organization
providing specialized hydraulic model studies with in water resources engineering in Nepal.

Hydropower Laboratory II
Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Contact Person: Torbjørn Nielsen

There is also an active co-operation between staff in the Waterpower Laboratory at NTNU, Dept. of Energy
and Process Engineering, and the staff in Kathmandu University, Nepal. In addition to the aforementioned
laboratory there are therefore made plans for a new Waterpower Laboratory at Kathmandu University. This
laboratory would make it possible to carry out scientific experiments on turbines.

Research at the hydropower laboratory at NTNU is mainly connected to student projects for Master and
PhD degrees, and there are several research projects within micro, mini and small turbines, which also may
be relevant for rural stand alone systems. There are ongoing research projects within sand erosion in
turbines and pumps, which is a problem in many developing countries.

MSc in Marine Technology (7-10 Quota Programme students, 10 international students- other finances)
Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

There are 4 specialisations under this programme; Marine Structures, Marine System Engineering, Marine
Control Systems and Nautical Science. New configurations for utilizing renewable energy from wind,
waves, tides or thermal energy are included in the programme, and some of the on-going research topics
are: Maritime electrical plants for power generation and distribution; Energy management for optimal
control and power allocation; Combined power plants (such as diesel, gas turbines, fuel cells).

Postgraduate program for Water Management at University of Dar es Salaam (NUFU)

Coordinator: Aanund Killingtveit, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

The project aims to continue and improve the ongoing MSc program in Water Management at University of
Dar es Salaam (UDSM), with a program focusing on Hydropower. One part of this project is to connect the
program to the regional Nile Initiative Network, where Tanzania and UDSM will be given responsibility
for training and research about Hydropower development. NUFU provides funding to the programme.

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Post Graduate Research Collaboration at IOE, Tribhuvan University and NTNU (NUFU)
Coordinator: Tore Haavaldsen, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

The NUFU funded project has established three Masters’ programs: Urban Planning, Structural
Engineering and Environmental Engineering.

There are also a PhD program, with research and coursework as main components. The PhD subjects have
developmental relevance for Nepal, and are related to critical issues within structural (construction) and
environmental engineering, urban planning, water resources and renewable energy engineering, power
system and information and communication engineering.

Within the fields of water resources infiltration systems for Himalayan rivers and flow analysis of rivers are
being studied. This will give both important information for hydro power plant development (at micro and
large plants) and flood control in Nepal. Both renewable energy dept. and power systems engineering dept.
deals with micro hydropower stations, one is addressing the turbine and the other generator. Well
functioning and affordable micro hydro electric plants are important for decentralized rural development in
Nepal.

International Centre for Hydropower (ICH)

The ICH offers Hydropower courses every year, aimed at middle management personnel from power
companies, ministries and public agencies. The principal sponsor of the course is the Norwegian Agency
for Development Cooperation (NORAD). The courses are described below. ICH also develops customized
courses and training programmes for individuals and groups of professionals, and arranges study visits for
hydropower delegations to Norway.

Hydropower Development and Management

The objective of the course is to provide the participants with an updated knowledge of the fundamentals of
hydropower resources development and management in the setting of Integrated Water Resources
Management (IWRM) as well as part of mixed energy systems. By focusing on both theoretical and
practical issues, the participants will be able to contribute more effectively in the management of the energy
resources in their own organisation/country.

Hydropower and the Environment

This course will introduce participants to procedures that should be followed in order to comply with
today's requirements for good environmental planning. The international financing of hydropower projects
depends on this, and the well being of millions of people rely on it.

Participants will learn how Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) are typically organised and carried
out, and they will be better prepared to analyze the results and identify proper mitigating measures. The
focus is on proactive planning in order to ensure the sustainable utilisation of natural resources.

Hydropower Financing and Project Economy

The course will provide participants with insight into a variety of financing models and issues needed to
present hydropower projects that will attract private as well as public investments. Participants will be
introduced to concepts necessary in the assessment of the economic viability of hydropower projects, with
emphasis on the challenge of a liberalized energy sector.

The Process of Social Impact Assessment (Distance learning)

The course will introduce the participants to procedures that should be followed in order to comply with
today’s requirements for a sound social impact assessment process. The objectives of the course are to
improve the knowledge of the different stages of the process, including strategic priorities and national
guidelines, and to provide tools for planning hydropower and other water-related projects in the best
possible way on a national, regional and local level.

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2.3.3 Bioenergy

The Department of Energy and Process Engineering and SINTEF Energy Research are both involved in
several research activities regarding bioenergy. The education and research comprises the total energy
chain, and environmental challenges are an important part of this work.

The Thermal Energy Group at Department of Energy and Process Engineering includes both teaching and
scientific research within thermal processes for energy conversion. The approach for the research is both
theoretical and experimental, and laboratory-work is important for the activity. The group works mainly
with combustion, thermal turbo machinery, thermal power cycles including CO2-capture, high-temperature
fuel cells and value-chains and life cycle analysis (LCA).

SINTEF Energy Research performs studies of resource availability, extents and utilization for biomass and
waste fuels. Most of their activity in the field of bioenergy is focused on thermochemical processes for the
energy production from solid fuels, primary biomass and waste. Research fields include; Combustion of
solid fuels, such as biofuels, waste and coal; Gasification of biomass; Pyrolysis of biomass;
Characterization of solid fuels; Developing solid fuel technology; and Energy production systems fuelled
by biomass or waste. Particularly relevant for developing countries is SINTEF’s recognized competence
within development of small fireplaces, which includes cooperation with both Norwegian and International
manufacturers.

Specialization: Thermal Energy

(TEP4720 Termisk energi, fordypningsemne)
Master's Program in Energy and the Environment, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

The specialization consists normally of one main project work (15student points) and two themes (3.75
student points). National and global energy conversion and use is emphasized, as well as reduction of
pollution. The specialization includes; combustion techniques, heat and mass transportation, emissions
from combustion, thermal flow machinery, thermal power production, energy in developing countries
(including solar energy systems), cleaning methods, industrial security, lifecycle analysis and value chain
reflections.

Some of the recommended themes are; Bioenergy systems (Johan E. Hustad), Energy systems and
development (Edgar Hertwich) and Solar energy systems (Johan E. Hustad).

Course: Bioenergy Systems

(TEP20 Bioenergisystemer)
Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Instructor: Professor Johan E Hustad

The theme gives an introduction to aspects related to bioenergy in developing countries, including fuel
characterizing, combustion course, combustion equipments and operation- and environmental- aspects. The
course is mainly for 5th year students within the Master's Program in Energy and the Environment.

PhD Research Cooperation between Faculty of Technology at Makerere University and NTNU (NUFU)
Coordinator: Tore Haavaldsen, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

The development objective of this NUFU funded project is that the Faculty of Technology, through close
collaboration with NTNU and other institutions during the years of 2002 - 2006, develops its capacity to
lead and perform research in all prioritized research areas at international PhD level. Similarly, the
development objective for the NTNU, is through the above cooperation to strengthen its capacity to lead
and perform and research at PhD level in areas of international importance and relevance.

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Ten sub-projects at PhD level are planned, included “Development of Appropriate Refinery Technology for
Bio-Diesel in Uganda”.

Cooperation: Bioenergy in Uganda

Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Contact Person: Johan Hustad

The Department of Energy and Process Engineering has developed a co-operation with Makerere
University in Uganda, regarding renewable energy technologies for developing countries. Most of the
previous studies have involved suitable bioenergy technologies (including waste biomass for energy), but
includes also electrification of rural areas and status / potential for other renewable energy utilization in
developing countries, with emphasis on Uganda.

2.3.4 Solar Energy

SINTEF Materials and Chemistry and NTNU cooperate in the development of solar energy competence.
Existing research activities relevant to the use of solar energy in developing countries includes focused
solar systems, solar energy in buildings and solar cells.

Focused Solar Systems

The Wind and Solar Energy group at the Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and
Technology, is working within solar energy, with emphasis on focused solar systems, in close collaboration
with University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (previously University of Durban-Westville and the
University of Natal).

The Research Group aims to develop an effective solar energy system to be used for the household, and
there are both students and PhD students working with this. Currently two concentrating solar energy
systems with energy storage are being developed.

“Renewable Energy Resources and their Development” and “Solar Energy in Mozambique, General
Studies and Development of Concentrating Systems” (NUFU)
Main partner institutions; Eduardo Mondlane University (EMU), Department of Physics, Mozambique;
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Department of Physics, South Africa; Mozambique National Institute for
Meteorology. Coordinator: Jørgen Løvseth, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology.

The projects objective is research in the field of solar energy, and support of education in this field at
University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique. Support of
MSc and PhD students and development of an educational program in renewable energy are important parts
of the programmes, funded by NUFU.

In Mozambique a multi-purpose concentrating solar energy system, suitable for use in villages outside the
public electricity grid is in development. The system will provide energy for food preparation, for
refrigeration and for water heating, both for the household, business and institutional sectors. It may also
provide sterilisation services for health institutions. The concentrating techniques may also make
photovoltaic electricity cheaper.

In KwaZulu-Natal a concentrating solar energy system with energy storage is being developed. The system
will provide high temperature heat for food preparation and for water heating and pasteurisation. Freezing,
refrigeration and cooling services may be obtained by absorption processes. Initially, the system is intended
for households, health institutions and industry in areas outside the public electricity grid.

A platform for solar radiation measurements and a laboratory for environmental physics and renewable
energy systems are established at University of KwaZulu-Natal. The installations are used for research and
development, for student projects, and for public information. Automatic instrumentation to measure solar
radiation is being developed, and the characteristics of solar radiation in KwaZulu-Natal are measured and
modelled.

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A laboratory for environmental physics and renewable energy systems is also being established at EMU to
serve research and systems development, students' projects and public information. Mapping and modelling
of solar and wind energy resources in Mozambique are part of the programme. Implementation of the
Norwegian SOLIS-programme for teaching solar energy in secondary schools has started.

Solar Energy in Buildings

The Department of Arch. Design, History and Technology, Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art, studies
energy conservation and the use of solar energy in buildings and the integration of solar energy systems in
architecture. This includes SEARCH (Southern & Eastern Africa Research Cooperation for Habitat), a
regional research and post-graduate training initiative as a network based association between 6 university
schools of architecture in Africa and 2 in Norway.

The Department of Town and Regional Planning offers a Master of Science Programme in Urban
Ecological Planning. This Master also includes energy use in buildings as well as urban ecological planning
in developing countries, planning and construction in developing countries, and gender and social change.

Solar Cells
The Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, have research
activities concerning producing solar cells. They also plan a BEST course (Board of European Students of
Technology) within practical use and maintenance of Solar Cell Systems. The course is open for students
from developing countries studying at NTNU, and will most likely be introduced summer 2005.

The Department of Architectural Design, History and Technology, Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art,
has in cooperation with SINTEF developed a façade system integrating solar cells in glass, A 400 m2
prototype has been constructed on an existing NTNU campus building.

Course: Solar Energy Systems

(SIO40AT/TEP22 Solenergisystemer)
Instructors: Johan E. Hustad and Jørgen Løvseth, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

The course gives an introduction to solar energy systems for developing countries, and is mainly for 5th
year students within the Master's Program in Energy and the Environment. Sun, as an energy source, is
discussed, followed by the suns effect on the heat balance in buildings, various concentrating solar energy
systems, conversion of solar heat to coldness and electricity, and various solar cells and their use in
developing countries.

2.3.5 Wind Energy

Wind Energy is studied at several faculties and departments in NTNU. One large project is the
SINTEF/IFE/NTNU program ‘Wind Energy Strategic Program’ (2003 – 2007), where involved faculties
are Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology (Dept. of
Physics), Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, (Department of
Electrical Power Engineering), Faculty of Arts (Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture) and
Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art (Department of Town and Regional Planning).

The aim of the project is to support the development through a strengthening of the Norwegian wind energy
competence. The work is organized in four tasks, including potentially 7 PhD studies of which 5 will be
funded through this programme. International cooperation is part of the programme.

2.3.6 Energy and Society

Energy policies have mainly been focused on the energy supply side - increasing supplies of electricity and
liquid fuels - with little attention paid to the energy demand characteristics of rural communities and
women in particular.

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Worldwide, more than two billion people lack access to sustainable and modern energy services, using
traditional solid fuels for cooking and heating. Without access to basic energy services for lighting,
cooking, heating, pumping, transportation, communication and other productive purposes, people - most
often women - are forced to spend the majority of their time and physical energy on subsistence activities.
Lack of energy services is directly correlated with the major elements of poverty, including inadequate
healthcare, low education levels and limited employment opportunities.

Courses at NTNU relevant to Energy and Society includes;

Introduction to Fieldwork in Developing Countries
- (GEOG1515 Metoder for feltarbeid i utviklingsland). Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology
The course aims to give an introduction to methods within social science, which may be useful for
practical fieldwork in developing countries. The course is adjusted students with a technical
background, who wish to carry out fieldwork in developing countries as a part of their Diploma /
Master Thesis. The course gives an introduction to research design and chose of methods, as well
as ethical and practical relations attached to fieldwork in a non-European society. This is followed
by an introduction to quantitative and qualitative methods and techniques. The course also
introduces "Participatory Rural Appraisals" (PRA) and techniques related to this.

Development and social change in the South (Department of Geography)

- Development research is particularly concerned with theoretical and methodological approaches to
problems linked to processes of change. It raises questions on how development can be
understood, what the conditions for development are and how development initiatives can create
better living conditions for the poor.
MPhil in Social Change is a programme especially designed for students who want to work with
development in the South. The programme was originally designed for students from developing
countries, but since 2002 open also for Norwegian students who want to work with development
issues. In the MPhil Thesis students are encouraged to focus on problems and issues relevant for
their home countries, and previously issues have included gender perspective on appropriate
energy options for women empowerment and solid waste management.
There are also several other projects regarding gender and development, in co-operation with
scientists in Norway, India, Thailand and Ghana (Contact person is Ragnhild Lund).

The African Studies (Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management)

- The Programme of African Studies is a multi disciplinary programme which includes subjects
from several departments: Geography, History, Music, Art and Media Studies, Linguistics, Social
Medicine and Social Anthropology.
The Bachelor programme intends to give the students a wide but thorough knowledge of the
African continent south of the Sahara. A Master in African Studies is planned from spring 2005.

Experts in Team (EiT)

- “Experts in Team” (EiT) is an interdisciplinary project work in semester 8, organized in ‘villages’
of 25 to 30 students. A village is divided into groups of 5 students each. Students come from
different study backgrounds and faculties, and the groups select their subject within the overall
subject area of the village. Previously, the most relevant villages for energy in developing
countries has been “Sustainable energy technologies for developing countries” (Arne Nysveen,
2004), followed by “New Renewable Energy – Possibilities and Barriers” (Kai Nielsen, 2005),
“Local Energy Supply” (Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug, 2004) and “Renewable Energy Sources and
Sustainable Energy Technology” (Lars Norum, 2001).

2.4 Faculties, Staff and Facilities

Below a brief description of involved faculties and staff may be found. Relevant homepages and contact
persons are listed for more information. The listed employees are either involved with activities regarding
renewable energy in developing countries, or have interests within this field; however the level of
involvement differs for the employees. All existing work regarding renewable energy in developing

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countries might not be registered in this capability statement, and there may be several relevant employees
at NTNU not registered in this Chapter.

Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art

Homepage: http://www.ab.ntnu.no

The faculty has five multidisciplinary core areas in architectural research, where one of these is “Resources
and the Environment”. Within “Resources and the Environment” main topics are city structure and
infrastructure, energy, climate and daylight relations. This topic has a natural science foundation, and
sustainable development is a topic-problem with an increasing importance.

Staff, Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art

Øyvind Aschehoug oyvind.aschehoug@ark.ntnu.no Architectural Design, History and Technology Professor
Responsible Lecturer, case Xi´an, 2002. Energy conservation, utilization of solar energy and other renewables, daylighting.

Anne Grete Hestnes Annegrete.hestnes@ark.ntnu.no Architectural Design and Management Professor

Dean, Energy in buildings

Barbara Matusiak barbara.matusiak@ark.ntnu.no Architectural Design, Form and Colour Studies Assoc. Professor
Project coordinator, Sure-Build. Sustainable lighting design.

Sven Erik Svendsen svenerik.svendsen@ark.ntnu.no Architectural Design and Management Professor

Contact person, SEARCH

Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

Homepage: www.ivt.ntnu.no

The faculty covers a broad range of engineering disciplines: construction and materials engineering, hydro-
power technology, road and transport engineering, geotechnical engineering, mineral resources, drilling
technology, petroleum production, reservoir engineering, product design, energy and the environment,
sustainable industrial production and consumption.

Staff, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

Arne M. Bredesen arne.m.bredesen@ntnu.no Energy and Process Engineering Professor
Director of strategic area “Energy and Petroleum - Resources and Environment”

Knut Alfredsen knut.alfredsen@bygg.ntnu.no Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Assoc. Professor

Hydropower development.

Hermod Brekke hermod.brekke@ntnu.no Energy and Process Engineering Professor

Hydropower development. Small Turbine Partner.

Einar Broch einar.broch@geo.ntnu.no Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering Professor

Hydropower development. Investigations and design advices internationally. Member of Panel of Experts, World Bank projects.

Amund Bruland amund.bruland@ntnu.no Civil and Transport Engineering Professor

Hydropower development, tunnel design and excavation

Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug ole.g.dahlhaug@ntnu.no Energy and Process Engineering Assoc. Professor
Hydropower development. 2003/04: Kathmandu University, supervising Master students and lecturing three hydropower subjects.

Ivar Ståle Ertesvåg ivar.s.ertesvag@ntnu.no Energy and Process Engineering Professor

Lecturer, “Energy management” (course)

Tore Haavaldsen tore.haavaldsen@ntnu.no Civil and Transport Engineering Professor

Building material production/design, regulations, development programme planning. NUFU/NORAD: Uganda and Nepal.

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Edgar Hertwich edgar.hertwich@ntnu.no Energy and Process Engineering Professor

Programme leader, Programme of Industrial Ecology. Lecturer, “Energy systems and development” (course)

Johan Hustad johan.e.hustad@ntnu.no Energy and Process Engineering Professor

Bioenergy. Lecturer, “Bioenergy systems” and “Solar energy systems” (courses)

Lars Jenssen lars.jenssen@ivt.ntnu.no Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Senior Researcher

Hydropower development

Ånund Killingtveit aanund.killingtveit@bygg.ntnu.no Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Professor

Hydropower development. Coordinator, Postgraduate program for Water Management at University of Dar es Salaam (NUFU)

Torbjørn Nielsen torbjorn.nielsen@ntnu.no Energy and Process Engineering Professor

Hydropower development. Cooperation with Kathmandu. Contact, Hydropower Laboratory II

Bjørn Nilsen bjorn.nilsen@geo.ntnu.no Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering Professor

Hydropower development.

Vojislav Novakovic vojislav.novakovic@ntnu.no Energy and Process Engineering Professor

Contact, Sustainable Energy and Environment in Serbia and Montenegro (Master). Responsible Lecturer, case Xi´an, 2004

Haakon Støle haakon.stole@bygg.ntnu.no Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Professor

Professor in charge, MSc in Hydropower Development. Contact, Hydropower Laboratory in Nepal.

Åse Lekang Sørensen ase.lekang.sorensen@ntnu.no Energy and Process Engineering Research Assistant
Contact, “Energy Carriers and Energy Systems in Developing Countries” (course)

Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology

Homepage: www.nt.ntnu.no

The faculty conducts research that ranges from materials technology and chemical engineering in close
contact with industry, to basic research in both chemistry and biology. Central disciplines include energy
technology, environmental disciplines, thermodynamics and materials technology.

Staff, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology

Berit Kjeldstad bBerit.kjeldstad@phys.ntnu.no Department of Physics Professor
Coordinator MSc programme in Physics. Environmental Physics, Solar and Wind Energy.

Otto Lohne otto.lohne@material.ntnu.no Department of Materials Technology Professor

Contact, BEST course within practical use and maintenance of solar cells

Jørgen Løvseth jorgen.lovseth@phys.ntnu.no Department of Physics Assoc. Professor

Solar and Wind Energy. NUFU-Responsible: Focused solar systems and renewable energy resources, South Africa and Mozambique

Reidar Tunold reidar.tunold@material.ntnu.no Department of Materials Technology Professor

Contact, Centre for Renewable Energy (SFFE)

Turid Worren turid.worren@phys.ntnu.no Department of Physics Assoc. Professor

Solar cells

Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering

Homepage: www.ime.ntnu.no

The Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering covers the following
departments: Department of Computer and Information Science; Department of Electrical Power

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Engineering; Department of Electronics and Telecommunications; Department of Mathematical Sciences;

Department of Engineering Cybernetics; Department of Telematics.

Staff, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering

Olav Fosso olav.fosso@elkraft.ntnu.no Department of Electrical Power Engineering. Professor
Power Production Scheduling, Electrical Network Analysis, Analytical Methods and Techniques, Optimization

Arne T. Holen arne.holen@elkraft.ntnu.no Department of Electrical Power Engineering. Professor

Professor In-Charge, Master of Engineering in Electrical Power Engineering, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Lars E Norum lars.norum@elkraft.ntnu.no Department of Electrical Power Engineering. Professor

Electrical Engineering. Renewable Energy Sources. Energy Conversion and Control in Photovoltaic systems.

Arne Nysveen arne.nysveen@elkraft.ntnu.no Department of Electrical Power Engineering. Professor

Responsible Lecturer, Experts in Team: Sustainable energy technologies for developing countries.

Tore Undeland tore.undeland@elkraft.ntnu.no Department of Electrical Power Engineering. Professor

Management, The Wind Power project. Stand-Alone Power Supplies.

Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management

Homepage: www.svt.ntnu.no

The faculty conducts research in all the principal social sciences. Disciplines include child research,
development research, economics, education, enterprise development research, geography, industrial
economics, political science, psychology, social anthropology, social work, sociology, sport sciences and
technology management.

The Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management covers the following departments:
Department of Geography; Sport Sciences Programme; Department of Economics; Department of
Sociology and Political Science; Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management;
Department of Education; Programme for Teacher Education; Department of Social Work and Health
Science; Department of Psychology; Department of Social Anthropology; Norwegian Centre for Child
Research (NOSEB).

Staff, Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management

Bjørn B. Erring bjorn.erring@svt.ntnu.no Department of Social Anthropology Professor
Contact for the African Studies. Social/Cultural Complexity, Urbanization, Anthropology and Architecture/Physical Planning.

Ragnhild Lund ragnhild.lund@svt.ntnu.no Department of Geography Professor

Development theory and methods, gender and development, local planning and empowerment, solid waste management.

Knut Stenberg knut.stenberg@svt.ntnu.no Programme for Development Cooperation Director

Programme Co-ordinator

Faculty of Arts
Homepage: www.hf.ntnu.no
Some of the research fields for Faculty of Arts are: Cultural Studies, History, Swahili, Interdisciplinary
Cultural Studies, Archaeology and African Studies.

The Faculty of Arts covers the following departments: Music; Language and Communication Studies;
Modern Foreign Languages; History and Classical Studies; Philosophy; Art and Media Studies;
Scandinavian Studies and Comparative Literature; Archaeology and Religious Studies; Interdisciplinary
Cultural Studies.

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Staff, Faculty of Arts

Knut H. Sørensen knut.sorensen@hf.ntnu.no Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies Professor
Manager for research group: Energy and Society.

Margrethe Aune margrethe.aune@hf.ntnu.no Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies Assoc.Professor

Energy and Society

Jørund Buen jorund.buen@hf.ntnu.no Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies PhD student

Group: Energy and Society. New renewable energy technology policy. Clean development mechanism.

Administration, Office of International Relations

Homepage: www.ntnu.no/intersek

Ragnhild E. Brakstad ragnhild.brakstad@adm.ntnu.no Office of International Relations Senior Executive Officer

Quota Programme Coordinator. Collaboration with institutions in developing countries.

Guri Eggan guri.eggan@adm.ntnu.no Office of International Relations Higher Executive Officer

Coordinator, NUFU programme. NUFU R&D collaboration

Bjørn Uno Kolstad bjorn.kolstad@adm.ntnu.no Office of International Relations Head of Section

NORDPLUS Coordinator, Latin America Management

Rita Kumar rita.kumar@adm.ntnu.no Office of International Relations Higher Executive Officer

NORAD Programme coordinator. Admission of NORAD fellows from developing countries to International Masters Programmes

Berit Sterten berit.sterten@adm.ntnu.no Office of International Relations Executive Officer

General office assistance and support. Practical arrangements for International Masters programme students

Staff, SINTEF
Homepage: www.sintef.no

Einar Jordanger einar.jordanger@sintef.no SINTEF Energy Research Researcher

Contact person, Sustainable Energy Distribution Systems

John O. Giæver Tande john.tande@sintef.no SINTEF Energy Research Researcher

Contact person, Wind Energy Strategic Program

Staff, International Centre for Hydropower

Homepage: www.ntnu.no/ich

Tore S. Jørgensen tore.s.jorgensen@ich.ntnu.no International Centre for Hydropower Director

Organizing international hydropower activities, such as courses, workshops and conferences.

Line Fjellvær line.fjellvar@ich.ntnu.no International Centre for Hydropower Director of Studies

International Centre for Hydropower.

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Facilities
Laboratories
NTNU has more than 50 laboratories. These include:
o Hydropower lab
o Combustion and laser diagnostics lab
o Fuel characterisation and gas diagnostic lab
o Energy process engineering lab
o 16kW photovoltaic (PV) plant
o Wind tunnel lab

NTNU Library
(UBiT)
• 10 libraries, a section for development and coordination and a common administration
• 75 000 shelf metres of books and journals
• 360 000 photographs, 30 000 maps, 27 000 music scores etc.
• 20 000 electronic books, 6000 electronic journals and access to 1200 international databases of references
• 160 staff
• Budget: NOK 115 million

3 Collaborating universities and institutions

Cooperation with international universities and institutions relevant to renewable energy in developing
countries includes;

o China, Tsinghua University, Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering, Beijing (www.tsinghua.edu.cn/eng)

o Mozambique, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (www.uem.mz)
o Nepal, Kathmandu University (www.ku.edu.np)
Tribhuvan University (www.tribhuvan-university.edu.np)
o Poland, Warsaw University of Technology (http://www.pw.edu.pl/english)
o South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (www.unp.ac.za)
o Tanzania, Univ. of Dar es Salaam (www.udsm.ac.tz)
o Uganda, Makerere University (www.makerere.ac.ug)
o USA, University of California, Berkeley (www.berkeley.edu)

Below a list may be found with most of the international universities/institutions which NTNU currently
collaborates with. The universities included are those with which NTNU has a formal written agreement on
the university and/or the faculty level. In addition, NTNU has many informal agreements that are not
included in this list.

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Africa Asia Central and European Union, Switzerland,

Eastern Europe Australia, Canada, New
Zealand, US, South America
China (informal and formal Bulgaria New Bulgarian Collaboration with several institutions in
Ethiopia Addis agreements) China Univ. of Mining Univ., Sofia Nordic countries through Nordic agreements.
Ababa University, and Tech., Beijing Beijing Institute of
Addis Ababa Petrochemical Technology Fudan Czech Republic Prague Collaboration with numerous institutions in
University, Shanghai Beijing Inst. of Institute of Chem. Tech. EU-countries through EU’s educational and
Ghana University research programmes (Socrates, Leonardo da
of Ghana, Legon Petro-Chemical Tech. Shanghai Hungary Technical
College of Petro-Chemical Tech., VInci programmes)
University of University of Budapest
Science and (Chemical Engineering) Shanghai Jiao Switzerland ETH, Zürich
Technology, Tong University (Marine Technology) Makedonia Institute of
Kumasi University Shanghai University of Earthquake Eng., Skopje Australia Bond University University of
of Cape Coast, TechnologyXi'an University of Wollongon The University of Newcastle
Romania University of Western Australia. La Trobe
Cape Coast Architecture and Technology University"Politehnica"
(Architecture) Nanjing Univ. of University
Kenya University Bucarest
Science and Tech., Jiangsu Canada Queens University, Kingston
of Nairobi Informal agreements:
(Architecture, India (informal and formal Augustana University College University of
SEARCH), Jomo agreements) Indian Institutes of Czech Republic Chech Western Ontario University of Alberta
Kenyatta University Technology Indian School of Mines, Technical University New Zealand University of Auckland
of Agriculture and Dhanbad School of Planning and
Estonia Tallin Technical USA Harvard University/ Massachusetts MIT
Technology Architecture, New Delhi (Architecture,
University (Marine Technology) University of California,
(Architecture, Urban Planning) Indian Institute of
SEARCH) Science, Bangalore Latvia Riga Technical Berkeley Institute of Technology (Health
University Sciences and Technology)Louisiana State
Mozambique Univ. Indonesia Institut Technology University Univ. of Minnesota, Twin Cities
Eduardo Mondlane, Bandung Lithuania Kaunas Univ. of Michigan (Marine Technology)
Maputo (Physics, University of Technology University of New Orleans Univ. of Texas,
Japan Kyoto University (Engineering)
Solar Energy) The University of Tokyo Tokyo Austin Ohio University, Athens The
Russia St. Petersburg
Institute of Technology Waseda State Tech. Univ. Pennsylvania State University SUNY, Albany
South Africa
University of Cape University Tottori University Bauman Moscow State Univ. of Washington, Seattle (Eng.) Univ. of
Town (Architecture, Tech. Univ. Wisconsin, Madison (Eng.)Inst. of Paper Sc.
Malaysia Inst. of Tech. Petronas, & Tech., Atlanta Iowa State University
SEARCH) Kuala Lumpur Technological Univ. of
KwaZulu-Natal Georgia Tech (Mech. Eng.)
Malaysia (Marine Technology)
University (Physics, Brazil Federal University of Rio Grande do
Solar Energy) Nepal Tribhuvan University, Sul Federal University of Rio De Janeiro
University of Kathmandu Kathmandu University (Marine Technology)
Stellenbosch
Papua New Guinea University of
Tanzania Univ. of Papua New Guinea
Dar es Salaam, Dar
es Salaam Singapore Nanyang Technological
University National University of
Uganda Makerere Singapore
University,
Kampala Vietnam Fisheries University, Nha
Trang
Zimbabwe
University of
Zimbabwe, Harare

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Appendix A Results and Publications

There are numerous relevant results and publications from NTNU. Below some of the relevant PhD Thesis,
Master Thesis, Semester Thesis / Project work and articles are mentioned. This is not a complete list, and
also other relevant results and publications exist.

Energy Systems
PhD Thesis: Interconnection of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and Micro Grids With Particular Application to Nepal Power System
2003 (start) Brijesh Adhikary Dept. of Electrical Power Engineering Supervisor: From Kathmandu
Arne T. Holen University, Nepal
Master Thesis: Rural Electrification in Uganda – Powering the Masindi district
2004 Britt-Mari Langåsen Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering. Supervisor: Fieldwork:
Master Program: Energy and Environment Edgar Hertwich Makerere University
Master Thesis: Electrification in Uganda
2003 Benedicte Langseth Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering. Supervisor: Fieldwork:
Master Program: Energy and Environment Edgar Hertwich Makerere University
Master Thesis: A study of energy utilization in Uganda including case studies for industrial use and rural areas
2003 Heidi Skjæret Pedersen, Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering. Supervisor: Fieldwork:
Merete Bing-Jacobsen Master Program: Energy and Environment Otto K. Sønju Makerere University
Master Thesis: Status of Renewable Energy Utilization in Uganda
2003 Kristin Melander Vie Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering. Supervisor: Fieldwork:
Master Program: Energy and Environment Johan E. Hustad Makerere University
Semester Thesis: Energiforvaltning i u-land (Energy Management in developing countries)
2003 Solveig Ulseth, Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering. Supervisor: Course:
Karen Nybakke Ivar S. Ertesvåg ”Energy management”

Hydro Power
Book series: Hydropower Development, Norwegian perspective on Hydropower Development
2003 Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering has released a new series of seventeen up-to-date volumes on hydropower
development. The book series is supported by Norad and NVE and will be used when solving questions concerning Hydropower
in the developing world.

Titles of the volumes in the series are; Hydropower Development in Norway; Coordinating Hydropower and Thermal Power;
Environmental Effects; Landscape Design in Hydropower Planning; Planning and Implementation of Hydropower
Development; Economic and Financial Analysis of Hydropower Projects; Hydrology; Hydraulic Design; Rock Engineering;
Rockfill Dams; Concrete in Hydropower Structures; Mechanical Equipment; Electrical Equipment; Underground Power House;
Construction Management; Transmission and Distribution; Maintenance Management.
PhD Thesis: The feasibility of TBM-excavation in Himalayan mixed-face conditions
1999 (start) Devajyoti Barthakur Dept. of Geology and Mineral Resources Supervisor: From India
Engineering Bjørn Nilsen
3 PhD Theses: Sediment handling in rivers and dams
Ongoing Kiflom Belete, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Supervisor: Ethiopia
Meg Bishwakarma, Engineering Haakon Støle Nepal
Durga Sangroula Nepal
PhD Thesis: Dam Safety Analysis using Physically Based Models for Dams in Tanzania
2004 (start) Johnson Malisa Water Resources Engineering, University of Supervisors: Tanzania
Dar es Salaam Felix Mtalo (NUFU-Project)
Dept. of Hydraulic and Env.Eng. NTNU Leif Lia
Ånund
Killingtveit
PhD Thesis: Reservoir Sedimentation and Erosion processes in the Pangani River Basin, Upstream of Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir
2004 (start) Preksedis Marco Water Resources Engineering, University of Supervisors: Tanzania
Ndomba Dar es Salaam Felix Mtalo (NUFU-Project)
Dept. of Hydraulic and Env.Eng. NTNU Haakon Støle
Ånund Killingtveit
PhD Thesis: Analysis of stability problems connected to tunneling in the Himalayas
1999 (start) Krishna Kanta Panthi Dept. of Geology and Mineral Resources Supervisor: From Nepal
Engineering Bjørn Nilsen

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PhD Thesis: Probabilistic approach for rock slope stability analysis for Himalayan cinditions
1999-2002 Shubh Pathak Dept. of Geology and Mineral Resources Supervisor: From Tribhuvan University in
Engineering Bjørn Nilsen Kathmandu, Nepal
PhD Thesis: A hydrological study concerning the southern slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
1998-2003 Paul Christen Røhr Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Supervisor: Tanzania
Engineering Ånund Killingtveit
PhD Thesis: Design for underground construction for Malamchi diversion scheme, Nepal
2002 (start) Gyanendra Lal Shrestha Dept. of Geology and Mineral Resources Supervisor: From Nepal
Engineering Einar Broch
PhD Thesis: Sand Erosion in Hydraulic Machinery
2004 (105) Bhola Thapa Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering Supervisor: From Kathmandu
Hermod Brekke University, Nepal
PhD Thesis: A study of the possibilities and limitations for planning and construction of underground hydropower projects in tropical areas
2002 (start) Nghia Quoc Trinh Dept. of Geology and Mineral Resources Supervisor: Vietnam
Engineering Einar Broch
Master Thesis: Diagenesis and sedimentolgy of Upper tertiary deltaic deposits of parts of the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh
2004 Md Abdus Samad Azad Dep. of Geology and Mineral Recourses Supervisor: Bangladesh
Development M.B. E. Mørk
Master Thesis: Physically Based Distributed Hydrological Modelling of Koga Catchment, Ethiopia
2004 Mulugeta Breded Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng., Supervisor Ethiopia
Zelelew M.Sc. in Hydropower Development Knut Alfredsen
Master Thesis: New Headworks for Khudi Hydropower Plant – Feasibility Study Level
2004 Rita Chitrakar Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng., Supervisor Nepal
M.Sc. in Hydropower Development Haakon Støle
Master Thesis: Runoff Forecasting and Operation Planning for Bui Hydropower Project in Black Volta, Ghana
2004 Osei Fosu Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng., Supervisor Ghana
M.Sc. in Hydropower Development Knut Alfredsen
Master Thesis: Inflow forecasting and reservoir operation for Koka Reservoir, Ethiopia
2004 Haregewoin Heile Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng., Supervisor Ethiopia
Chernet M.Sc. in Hydropower Development Ånund Killingtveit
Master Thesis: Hydropower and Water Resources Management in Pangani River Basin, Tanzania
2004 Praxeda Paul Kalugendo Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng., Supervisor: Tanzania
M.Sc. in Hydropower Development Ånund Killingtveit
Master Thesis: Sediment Handling at Salal Hydropower Plant based on Laboratory Tests of Hydraulic Slucing
2004 Prabat Kumar Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng., Supervisor: India
M.Sc. in Hydropower Development Haakon Støle
Master Thesis: Engineering Geological Assessment for the Dam Site for the Quang Tri Multipurpose Project in Vietnam
2004 Quang Huy Le Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng., Supervisor: Vietnam
M.Sc. in Hydropower Development E. Broch
Master Thesis: Review of Feasibility Study of Drikhong Hydropower Project inn Lhasa Khichu River in Tibet
2004 Tseyang Lhamo Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering, Supervisor: Tibet
M.Sc. in Hydropower Development Torbjørn Nielsen

Master Thesis: Design of a small hudro turbine

Hari Neophane Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering, Supervisor: Student from Kathmandu
Waterpower Laboratory O.G. Dahlhaug University, Nepal
Master Thesis: Central African Rift System, Origin of Development and Hydrocarbon Potential
2004 Quang Huy Ngo Dep. of Geology and Mineral Recourses Supervisor:
Development R. Sinding-Larsen
Master Thesis: Hydrological Studies for the Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower Project in Nepal
2004 Kiran Paudel Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng., Supervisor: Nepal
M.Sc. in Hydropower Development Knut Alfredsen
Master Thesis: Karcham Wangtoo Hydro Electric Project (1000 MW). Optimisation and Construction Planning of the waterways
2004 Vishal Srivastava Dept. of Civil and Transport Engineering Supervisor: India
M.Sc. in Hydropower Development Amund Bruland
Master Thesis: Inflow forecasting and reservoir operation for Lake Tana, Ethiopia
2004 Solomon Tassew Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng., Supervisor Ethiopia
Erkyihun M.Sc. in Hydropower Development Knut Alfredsen

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Master Thesis: Physical Modelling of Headworks. A Design Tool for Small Hydro
2004 Surendra Bahadur Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng., Supervisor: Nepal
Thapa M.Sc. in Hydropower Development Haakon Støle
Master Thesis: The Study of the Tunnel and Underground Powerhouse for Huoi Quang Hydropower Project in Lao Cai, Vietnam
2004 My Nguyen Tra Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng., Supervisor: Vietnam
M.Sc. in Hydropower Development E. Broch
Project work: The Waterpower Laboratory, A study on Lab set up, History & Operation Modes
2004 Raju Shrestha Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering, Supervisor: Student from Kathmandu
Waterpower Laboratory O.G. Dahlhaug University, Nepal
More Master of Science Thesis in MSc in Hydropower Development is described on the homepage to The Norwegian Centre for
International Cooperation in Higher Educations (http://siu.no/noradrap.nsf/PublicThesisByCourse)
More information regarding relevant Master Thesis in Dept. of Geology and Mineral Resources may be found on www.geo.ntnu.no/igb
Sediments of Nepalese Rivers with respect to sand erosion in hydraulic turbines
2004 Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering Ninth Int. Symposium on River Sedimentation,
Oct 18-21 Yichang, Hubei Province, China
Sand erosion in a Francis turbine. A case study from Jhimruk power plant,Nepal
2004 Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering 22nd IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery
29/6 – 2/7 and Systems, Stockholm, Sweden
Runoff forecasting (HBV and Muskingum) for Hydropower Generation. Kafue (flood plain) River, Itezhi-tezhi dam – Kafue Gorge dam,
Zambia
2003 Hamududu, B. and Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng Hydro Africa 2003. International Conference on
Killingtveit, Å Hydropower.Arusha, Tanzania 17-19 November
2003.
Groundwater and springs at the foot of Mt Kilimanjaro – Investigations of recharge mechanisms and water balance
2004 Ånund Killingtveit Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng Det 13.seminar om hydrogeologi og
miljøgeokjemi NGU,
Trondheim, Norway, 4.-5. Februar 2004
Integrated water Management in the Pangani River
– Use of Hydrological Models for Analysis of the Hydropower System and its Interaction with other Users
2003 Mtalo, F. and Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng Hydro Africa 2003. International Conference on
Killingtveit, Å Hydropower. Arusha, Tanzania 17-19 November
2003.
Competition between agriculture and hydropower – Impacts of Meteorological, Land and Water Use Changes on the Southern Hillside of
Mt Kilimanjaro
2003 Røhr, P.C. and Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng Hydro Africa 2003. International Conference on
Killingtveit, Å., Hydropower. Arusha, Tanzania 17-19 November
2003.
Rainfall distribution on the slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro
2003 Røhr, P.C. and Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Eng Hydrological Sciences Journal, Vol 48 (1) pp. 65-
Killingtveit, Å. 78

Bio Energy
Master thesis: Opportunities for utilizing waste biomass for energy in Uganda
2004 Lars Petter Bingh Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering. Supervisor: Fieldwork:
Industrial Ecology Programme Edgar Hertwich Makerere University
Master thesis: The potential for clean biomass in Uganda
2003 Tonje Skoglund Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering. Supervisor: Fieldwork:
Henriksen Master Program: Energy and Environment Johan E. Hustad Makerere University

Solar Energy
PhD Thesis: Measurements and Models of Solar Radiance
Ongoing Meena D. Dhavraj Dept. of physics Supervisor: From Univ. of KwaZulu-
Group of Energy & Environmental Physics Jørgen Løvseth Natal, South Africa
PhD Thesis: Modelling, Simulation and Digital Control of Photovoltaic Power Supply
1998 (start) Frederick Ishengoma Dept. of Electrical Power Engineering Supervisor: From University of Dar es
Lars E. Norum Salaam,Tanzania

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PhD Thesis: Passive Cooling for Dwellings in a Warm Humid Tropical Climate
1995 Chandani Ratnaweera Dept. of Architectural Design and Supervisor: Sri Lanka
Management Anne Grete
Hestnes
Master Thesis: Renewable energy system for Ghana and the potential for concentrating solar electricity generation
William Dorgbadzi Dept. of physics Supervisor:
Group of Energy & Environmental Physics Jørgen Løvseth
Master Thesis: Concentrating solar energy system for heat production, and its potential in Nepal
Ujjwal Man Joshi Dept. of physics Supervisor: From Kathmandu
Group of Energy & Environmental Physics Jørgen Løvseth University, Nepal
Master Thesis: Concentrating Solar Energy System for High Temperature Heat Production, and its Potential in Ethiopia
Zinaye Tefera Melaku Dept. of physics Supervisor:
Group of Energy & Environmental Physics Jørgen Løvseth
Project work: A discussion of Solar Home Systems in Developing Countries, Including a Course Scope for SHS
2003 Thorhildur Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering. Supervisor: Course: Energy,
Kristjansdottir Edgar Hertwich Environment, Development
and Lars Norum
SURE-BUILD Polish/Norwegian cooperation for sustainable redevelopment of buildings in Poland
2004 Inger Andresen, Øyvind Aschehoug, Barbara Matusiak, Alexander Panek, Paper presented at the conference: Sustainable
Piotr Pracki, Dagny Rynska, Jerzy Sowa Building 2004, 27-29 October, Warsaw, 2004
Small, multi-purpose concentrating solar energy system
2000 J. Løvseth Proceedings of the 10th SolarPACES International Symposium "Solar Thermal 2000", Sydney,
Dept. of physics Australia, pp. 149-155

Wind Energy
Cut-in Notes Wind Energy in Nepal
2000 Brijesh Adhikary and Dept. of Electrical Power Engineering Wind Engineering: Vol.24 No.5 2000: 361-377.
Peter Freere
Wind farm modelling for network analysis – Simulation and validation
2004 Magni Þ. Pálsson, Trond Toftevaag, Kjetil Uhlen, Ian Norheim, Leif Paper presented at EWEC’04, 22-25 November
Warland, John O.G. Tande 2004, London, UK
Dynamic models of wind farms for power system studies – status by IEA Wind R&D Annex 21
2004 John Olav G Tande, Eduard Muljadi, Ola Carlson, Jan Pierik, Ana Paper presented at EWEC’04, 22-25 November
Estanqueiro, Poul Sørensen, Mark O’Malley, Alan Mullane, Olimpo 2004, London, UK
Anaya-Lara, Bettina Lemstrom
Comparison of turbulence models for wind evaluation in complex terrain
2003 Undheim, O Conference proceedings European Wind Energy
Conference. Madrid June 2003

Energy and Society

PhD Thesis: Degradation or development? Cultural and socioeconomic dimensions of forest fragmentation and environmental
management in upland Madagascar
1998 (start) Jørgen Klein Dept. of Geography Cooperation with Universities of Antananarivo,
Madagascar
MPhil Thesis: Fuel wood crisis around Mabira Forest Reserve in Uganda. Is there a way out?
2004 Sanyu Kibuka Dept. of Geography Supervisor: From Makerere University,
M.Phil. course in Social Change Ragnhild Lund Uganda
MPhil Thesis: Investigation of the role of urban agriculture in solid waste management: a case of Kinondoni minicipalicy of Dar Es
Salaam City
2001 Mkwela Hawa Dept. of Geography Supervisor: Tanzania
M.Phil. course in Social Change Ragnhild Lund
MPhil Thesis: Solid waste management: A Case Study in Kalabagan of Dhaka City about the Introduction of GIS in Solid Waste
Management
2004 Anwar Syed Mahmood Dept. of Geography Supervisor: Bangladesh
M.Phil. course in Social Change Ragnhild Lund

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MPhil Thesis: A Gender Perspective on Appropriate Energy Options for Women Empowerment: A case study on fuelwood use in two
villages in Western Kenya
2004 Webi Phanice Sela Dept. of Geography Supervisor: Kenya
M.Phil. course in Social Change Ragnhild Lund
Developing export-oriented new and renewable energy industries in Norway and China: the role of actor strategies and framework
conditions
2002 Jørund Buen Presented at 1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, Porto, 12-14 June.
In Oliveira, Armando, Clito Afonso and Saffa Riffat (eds.), 1st International Conference on
Sustainable Energy Technologies - Book of Proceedings, FEUP, University of Porto, Portugal:
FEUP/University of Nottingham, pp. REN7-REN16
The Clean Development Mechanism and the Markets for New Technologies: The Case of China
2001 Buen, Jørund, and In Williams, David, Bob Durie, Patrick McMullan, Colin Paulson and Andrea Smith (eds.) (2001),
Kristian Tangen "Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies", Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-5), 13-16 August 2000, Cairns, Australia: CSIRO
Publishing, pp. 1086-1091.
Can the Clean Development Mechanism stimulate green innovation in developing countries? The case of China
2000 Buen, Jørund Paper to the 2nd POSTI Meeting in collaboration with the ESST Annual Scientific Conference,
Strasbourg, France, 26-28 May 2000, URL: http://www.esst.uio.no/posti/workshops/buen.html.
Also presented at pre-workshop Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo,
26 April 2000.
Water, Peasants and Hydropower Development – The Political Economy of Water in Pangani river basin Tanzania
2001 Haakon Lein Dept. of Geography Conference:
Water in Africa, South Asia and the Middle East

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