FRENCH GARDEN

Agapanthus

Cannas

Crocosmia

FRENCH GARDEN For most people, a French landscape is also a formal landscape, and therein lies its appeal. Think Versailles, probably the most well-known French garden space. It has a distinct look and feel that set it apart from its Italian neighbors to the south and its British neighbors to the north. Still, there are elements of both. What we think of as traditional French style does have its roots in Italian landscape design. The resulting French adaptation was in turn adopted by British gardeners, and their adaptations made their way back across the Channel and in turn influenced later developments. Symmetry and order are the heart of French landscape design. The gardens are also meant to be viewed from a distance, so form and design play a major role. Theyre meant to highlight the centerpiece of the entire space, which would be the house (or, in most cases, the chateau). Theyre known for their cool color palette, with an emphasis on whites, greens, blues and purples. Think boxwood hedges, intricately clipped shrubs, neatly planted garden beds and planters, and fields of lavender. Youll also find a great use of stone, whether for pavings, edgings, a terrace or decorative elements, and places where you can enjoy the view. Versions for Country and Courtyard French country gardens are more informal, with a mix of softer plantings and bolder colors, but generally follow the same basic design principles. Planting beds may be more loosely planted and less structured, but theyll still be contained by an edging or a border of some sort. The same gravel beds that work in a formal space fit in just as well in a small homes front entryway. Rather than an overwhelming riot of color and plantings, theres always a sense of order, even in the most natural of settings. Although we often think of French landscaping in terms of large spaces, the overall style translates remarkably well into smaller courtyards (imagine an interior garden in a Paris building) and even the practical vegetable garden, where a mix of small raised beds is not only popular but practical. So while you might not want an entire landscape done in this style, you might find it ideal for a smaller area of your garden.

ENGLISH GARDEN

Acer palmatum Garnet

Winter Silhouette

Disanthus cercidifolius

Caryopteris x clandonensis

The English landscape garden, also called English landscape park or simply the English garden (French: Jardin anglais, Italian: Giardino all'inglese,German: Englischer Landschaftsgarten, Portuguese: Jardim ingls, Spanish: Jardn ingls), is a style of Landscape garden which emerged in England in the early 18th century, and spread across Europe, replacing the more formal, symmetrical jardin la franaise of the 17th century as the principal gardening style of Europe. The English garden presented an idealized view of nature. It drew inspiration from paintings of landscapes by Claude Lorraine and Nicolas Poussin, and from the classic Chinese gardens of the East, which had recently been described by European travellers. The English garden usually included a lake, sweeps of gently rolling lawns set against groves of trees, and recreations of classical temples, Gothic ruins, bridges, and other picturesque architecture, designed to recreate an idyllic pastoral landscape. The work of Lancelot 'Capability' Brown was particularly influential. By the end of the 18th century the English garden was being imitated by the French landscape garden, and as far away as St. Petersburg, Russia, in Pavlovsk, the gardens of the future Emperor Paul. It also had a major influence on the form of the public parks and gardens which appeared around the world in the 19th century The predecessors of the landscape garden in England were the great parks created by Sir John Vanbrugh (16641726) and Nicholas Hawksmoor at Castle Howard (16991712), Blenheim Palace (1705 1722), and the Claremont Landscape Garden at Claremont House (17151727). These parks featured vast lawns, woods, and pieces of architecture, such as the classical mausoleum designed by Hawksmoor at Castle Howard. At the center of the composition was the house, behind which were formal and symmetrical gardens in the style of the Garden la franaise, with ornate carpets of floral designs and walls of hedges, decorated with statues and fountains. These gardens, modelled after the gardens of Versailles, were designed to impress visitors with their size and grandeur

ENGLISH VICTORIAN
Azalea, Holly, Hydrangea, Rose, Lilac, Forsythia, Andromeda, Barberry, Peony and Quince. Prized vines might include: Clematis, Ivy, Wisteria, Morning Glory and Honeysuckle

ENGLISH VICTORIAN

There were two types of Victorian walled gardens, the most common was the walled vegetable garden; but the walled flower garden, such as the one at Winsford Walled Garden, was the second and the more unusual garden type. There is a common misconception that VictorianWalled Gardens were originally built to protect the plants from the weather. But Victorians went to the considerable expense of enclosing their gardens for another reason, and they did so to protect the valuable produce within the walls from theft. Remember, these extensive gardens were packed with expensively produced food and they were almost always located in the open countryside.

Victorian Perennial Plants Perennials bloom year after year -- pick your favorite 19th century perennials for your home garden design. Perennials, when taken care of properly, can sometimes last decades in a garden. Flowering perennials will return year after year to add color and life to yourcottage garden. One can find a flowering perennial for every color of the rainbow. Perennials afford a great variety of form, foliage, and flower, and compared with annual plants, they are found to be much less trouble. If a right selection is made and properly planted, at times the plants may be relied upon to appear with perennial vigor and produce flowers more or less throughout the year.

EDWARDIAN GARDEN

Ageratum houstonianum

Vinca

Veronica

Edwardian Gardens

Long-time landscape gardener, George Watt, envisioned the grounds of Government House to be a type of oasis against the treeless prairie terrain. In the early 1900s his vision, following the Edwardian design popular at the time, was realized. It is based on the concept of creating "outdoor rooms". This splendour of the Edwardian Gardens has been reborn after the 8.5 acre area underwent a major facelift in 2009-10. The rehabilitation re-establishes and builds on the grounds' original features with new elements such as a hedge maze and event area with a portable stage. It also includes water-efficient irrigation and lighting systems, and hard surfaced, well-lit walkways that are barrier-free and will facilitate easy snow removal in the winter months. Immerse yourself in an oasis of trees and flowers, exploring each uniquely-themed garden. Whether enjoying a quiet picnic or outdoor event, partaking in a garden tour or simply taking in the serene setting, our gardens are the perfect way to spend the day.

AMERICAN GARDEN

Abies amabilis

Abies concolor

Acer circinatum

Acer macrophyllum

AMERICAN GARDEN

In nineteenth century American seed and nursery catalogs, seeds of vegetables, annuals, and perennials received many pages. Herbs, however, only a page or two. The focus in the catalog was on a kitchen garden, which could include herbs and even some flowers, but not what we now call an herb garden. Though the catalogs recognized the importance of herbs for cooking and medicinal needs, vegetables seemed to be more important. The list of vegetables might include an herb like parsley. Rochester, NY seedsman James Vick wrote in his 1880 seed catalog under the section called Herbs: A few Pot Herbs, or Sweet Herbs as they are usually called, should have a place in every vegetable garden. Every cook and every good housekeeper knows the value of the little patch of herbs upon which she makes daily drafts in the summer, and which furnishes such a nice collection of dried herbs for winter seasoning, without which the Thanksgiving turkey would be scarcely worth the having; while as domestic medicines several kinds are held in high repute. Vick then lists about twenty herbs from anise to wormwood. The idea that the kitchen garden should include at least a few herbs endured til the end of the century. L. H. Bailey, Cornell horticulturist and author, wrote in 1900: It is in the Kitchen -garden that the sweet herbs and the garnishing plants may be grown.

MODERN GARDEN

AeoniumLow-growing succulent, round rosettes, sculptural quality, fairly droughttolerant, not frost-resistant

Blue FescueMounding ornamental grass, semi-evergreen, USDA zone 5, needs

full sun and well-drained soil

Feather Reed GrassTall wheat-like ornamental grass, cool season grass,

summer dormancy, prefers moist to wet soil

AgaveLarge, sculptural succulent, excellent focal point, drought-tolerant, tolerates

temperatures into teens

Horsetail ReedThis evergreen grows well near water, requires partial sun and
grows quickly to a height of 3-4 feet tall

Kangaroo PawsThis Australian native has red, purple, green, orange or yellow
flowers that add a small pop of color

ENVIRONMENTAL GARDEN

Environmental Garden The 600 hundred plus trees planted as tiny whips have now grown into the beginnings of a one metre tall hedgerow. Paths have been cut through a variety of grasses to pass close to a selection of broadleaf trees, planted over the last three years, that hopefully one day will provide a small section of woodland canopy for future students to study and enjoy. Students who chose to work in the garden as their weekly enrichment activity have moved tonnes of earth and stone, and widened paths to enable wheelchair access, as part of a long term plan to give good access all around the garden.

A raised bed looked after by a lunchtime gardening club has managed to provide a few fresh vegetables for the school canteen, but perhaps most pleasing of all has been the success of the pond, which was created a few years ago. A group of Environmental Science students returning from a field trip to Hothersall Lodge brought back with them a bucket containing pond dippings from the lodges own pond. The contents of this bucket were tipped into our own pond and we then waited and watched. Our patience was finally rewarded when we were able to carry out our own pond dipping with some Year 8 students who were amazed to find a variety of life in the water including water boatmen, damsel fly larvae, whirligig beetles, tadpoles and some very tiny sticklebacks.