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1 12 Irregularverbs
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Regular verbs fonn their past tense and past participle by adding -d or -ed. Verbs which fonn their past tense and/or past participle in other ways, e.g. with a vowel
change, as in sing, sang, sung, or even with no change, as in CUI, cuI, cut, are irregular. A reasonably full list follows (ArnE = American English alternative).
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12.1 Listofirregularverbs (page1of2)

"' &
INFINmVE PASTTENSE PAST PARTICIPLE
:j-
arise arose arisen
b;"
awake awoke/ ArnE awaked awoken/ArnE awaked
cil

be was,were been
o1j
bear bore bome

born (passive only)
beat beat beaten

become became become
beget begotJbegat begotten/begot
begin began begun
bend bent bent
beseech beseeched/besought beseeched/besought
bet betJbetted betJbetted
bid (request) bade/bid bidden/bid
bid (auction) bid bid
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast/ ArnE -.e\\ broadcast/ArnE -ed
build built built
bum burnt/burned burnt/burned
burst burst burst
bust bustJbusted bustJbusted
buy bought bought

cast
catch
choose
cleave (split)
cast
caught
chose
cleaved/cJ.eWc.lQY:e
cleave (adhere) cleaved/clove
cling clung
come came
cost cost
creep crept
cut cut
deal dealt
dig dug
dive dived/ ArnE dove
do did
dra\v drew
dream dreamt/dreamed
drink drank
drive drove
cast
caught
chosen

cleaved
clung
come
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug
dived/AnzE dove
done
drawn
dreamt/dreamed
drunk
driven
dwell dwelt/ ArnE dwelled dwelt/ArnE dwelled
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
tind found found
fit fitted/fit fitted/fit
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew
forbid forbade/ArnE forbad
forecast
forget forgot
forgive forgave
forsake forsook
freeze froze
get got
give gave
go went
grind ground
grow grew
hang hung
hang (execute) R hanged
have had
hear heard
heaveR heaved
heave (in)lo (naut.) hove
hide hid
hit hit
hold held
hurt hurt
keep kept
kneel knelt/ArnE kneeled
knit(pref. gamlcnts) knitllmitted
knit (pref. bones) knit
know kne\\'
lay laid
flown
forbidden
forecast/-ed
forgotten/ArnE forgot
forgiven
forsaken
frozen
got/ArnE gotten
given
gone
ground
grown
hung
hanged
had
heard
heaved
hove
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt/ArnE kneeled
knit/knitted
knit
known
laid
,
~ .
12.1 List of irregular verbs (page 2 of 2)
INFINmVE PASTTENSE PAST PARTICIPLE steal stole stolen
lead led led stick stuck stuck
lean leant/leaned leant/leaned sting stung stung
leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped stink stank/stunk stunk
leam learnt/learned learnt/learned stride strode stridden, strode
leave left left strike struck struck
lend lent lent string strung strung
let let let strive strove, strived striven, strived
lie (down) lay lain swear swore sworn
light Iit/lighted lit/lighted sweep swept swept
lose lost lost swell swelled swollen/swelled
make made made swim swam swum
mean meant meant swing swung swung
meet met met take took taken
mistake mistook mistaken teach taught taught
mow mowed mown/mowed tear tore tom
pay paid paid tell told told
plead pleaded!AmE pled pleaded!AmE pled think thought thought
prove proved proved/proven thrive thrived/ AmE throve thrived/ ArnE th.ri.Y!<D
h put put put throw threw thrown
[;l quit quit/quitted quit/quitted thrust thrust thrust
~
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read
rid
read
rid
read
rid
tread
wake (up)
trod!AmE m \ l ~ 1
woke/ArnE waked
trodden/trod
woken/ ArnE waked
~
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ride
rmg
rise
rode
rang
rose
ridden
rung
risen
wake (corpse) R
wear
weave (carpet)
waked
wore
wove
waked
worn
woven
is'
~
run ran run weave (in traffic)R weaved weaved
~
saw sawed sawn/AmE sawed wed wedded!wed wedded/wed
'"

say said said weep wept wept
"
see saw seen wet wet/wetted wet/wetted
'" ,g
seek sought sought WIn won won
~
sell sold sold wind (wrap) wound!AmE winded wound!AmE winded
~
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send sent sent wnng wrung wrung
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set
<'ew
set
sewed
set
sewn/sewed
write wrote written
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