Hypothesis Testing 1. A machine produces components whose lengths may be assumed to be normally distributed with standard deviation 0.052cm.

The mean length of the components should be 3.85cm. To investigate whether the machine is producing components of the correct length, a random sample of 20 items is examined, and the sample mean length is found to be 3.89cm. (i) State suitable null and alternative hypotheses, involving the population mean length cm, for a test to determine whether the machine is producing components that are too long. (ii) Carry out this test, using a 2% significance level.

2. The mass of a certain kind of casting produced in an iron foundry has a normal distribution. Each of 150 castings in a random sample was weighed and the value of , its mass in kg, was recorded. The results are summarised by and , correct to 6 significant figures. (i) Calculate the sample mean mass and an unbiased estimate of the population variance, each correct to 2 decimal places. (ii) Assuming that the population mean mass is 25.00kg, estimate the probability that a random sample of 150 castings will have a sample mean mass less than that calculated above. Give your answer correct to 3 decimal places. (iii) Explain briefly why the probability calculation in part (ii) is only an estimate, and whether the calculation would still be valid if the masses of the castings had not been known to have a normal distribution. 3. An automatic dispensing machine is set to dispense 200 cm3 of liquid into cups. A random sample of six cups was taken, and the cups were found to contain the following volumes of liquid, in cm3. 205 206 202 199 206 201

It is required to test whether the machine is dispensing too much liquid. (i) State suitable null and alternative hypotheses for this test. (ii) State an assumption about the distribution of the volume of liquid dispensed which you need to make in order to use a t-test. (iii) Carry out an appropriate t-test, using a 5% significance level, to test whether the machine is dispensing too much liquid

4. A horticulturist takes a random sample of 80 bean seeds of a particular variety, and sows them under standard laboratory conditions. The number of the seeds that germinate is 64. The total crop weight, kg, of each of the 64 plants is measured, with the following summarised results: , . Find unbiased estimates of the population mean and variance of crop weight per plant. The horticulturist wishes to test the hypothesis that the mean crop weight per plant is 5 kg, against the alternative hypothesis that the mean crop weight per plant is less than 5 kg. Carry out the test at the 10% level of significance.

Hypothesis Testing Find the largest level of significance at which the test would result in rejection of the null hypothesis. 5. The manufacturers of an electric water heater claim that their heaters will heat 500 litres of water from a temperature of 10 C to a temperature of 35 C in, on average, no longer that 12 minutes. In order to test their claim, 14 randomly chosen heaters are bought and the times ( minutes) to heat 500 litres of water from 10 C to 35 C are measured. Correct to 1 decimal place, the results are as follows. 13.2 12.2 11.4 14.5 11.6 12.9 12.4 10.3 12.3 11.8 11.0 13.0 12.1 12.6 Stating, in each case, any assumption necessary for validity, test the manufacturers' claim at the 10% significance level using a t-test. 6. A random variable is known to have a normal distribution with variance 36. The mean of the distribution of X is denoted by . A random sample of 50 observations of has mean 20.2. Test, at the l% significance level, the null hypothesis = 22 against the alternative hypothesis <22.