Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Concrete as a material
Concrete in a structure
Stress distribution in a reinforced concrete beam
] In the reinforced concrete beam project, there are ] First, lets consider the loading of the beam
three different failure mode we need to investigate
P P
P/2 P/2
] The purpose of RC is the reinforcement of areas in ] Let’s look at the internal forces acting on the beam
concrete that are weak in tension and locate the tension zones
P P
P P
∑F =
2
−V ⇒ V =
2
V
P/2 P/2 P/2 P/2
] The shear between the applied load and the support ] The shear between the applied load and the support is
is constant V = P/2 constant V = P/2
P/2 P/2
P/2 P/2
CIVL 1112 Introduction to Reinforced Concrete Beams 3/10
] The shear between the applied load and the support is ] Let’s look at the internal moment at section between the
constant V = P/2 supports and applied load
P/2 x P/2
P/2 P/2 M = P/2
4P (in lbs )
] The bending
g moment is the internal reaction to forces
which cause a beam to bend.
Compression
Bending momentforce on the upper
distributed on
part of the concrete beam
] Bending moment can also be referred to as torque MCthe cut surface
] To model the behavior of a reinforced concrete beam we ] We need models to help us with compression, tension,
will need to understand three distinct regions in the and shear failures in concrete
beam.
] Two are illustrated below; the third is called shear.
shear P
T Tension
Tension
P
2
CIVL 1112 Introduction to Reinforced Concrete Beams 4/10
] We need models to help us with compression, tension, ] We need models to help us with compression, tension,
and shear failures in concrete and shear failures in concrete
P P
Compression
Shear Shear
Compression
Shear Shear
Tension
C a C C a C
c c
h d h d
Compression
Shear Shear
As As Tension
T T T T
c
C a C
c a C a = β1c
h d
Compression
Shear Shear
As Tension
T T T
CIVL 1112 Introduction to Reinforced Concrete Beams 6/10
0.85f’c
f 'c ≤ 4000 psi ⇒ β1 = 0.85
0.5a
C = 0.85f 'c ba
a C
] If the tension force capacity of the steel is too high, ] The internal moment is the value of either the tension
than the value of a is large or compression force multiplied the distance between
them
0.85f’c 0.5a 0.85f’c 0.5a
a⎞
a C
a =
Asfy a C
∑ M =T ⎛⎜⎝d − ⎟
2⎠
d
0.85f 'c b d
a⎞
M = Asfy ⎛⎜d − ⎟
T
If a > d, then you have too much steel
T ⎝ 2⎠
] The limits of the reinforcement ratio are ] Lets consider shear failure in unreinforced concrete
established as:
Vcr = 2 f 'c bd
Reinforcement ratio definition
As P
ρ =
bd
P
ρ as function of c/d
V = Shear P =Shear
4 f 'c bd
c f 'c 2
ρ = 0.85 β1
d fy
Af
v yd
concrete
Vs −Vcr =
] First, let define an equation that given the stress in the
tensile steel when concrete reaches its ultimate strain
P
s ⎛d −c ⎞
P fsteel = 87, 000 psi ⎜
⎝ c ⎠
⎟
V =
Shear Shear
2 ] If fsteel < fy then or
c
d
> 0.600
⎛ Af
v yd ⎞
Pshear = 2 ⎜ + 2 f 'c bd ⎟ Mcompression = As ⎜
⎛d − c ⎞⎛ a⎞
⎟ ⎜ d − 2 ⎟ 87, 000 psi
⎝ s ⎠ ⎝ c ⎠⎝ ⎠
CIVL 1112 Introduction to Reinforced Concrete Beams 8/10
#4
d = 4.625 in #4 As = 2(0.20 in 2 ) = 0.40 in 2
CIVL 1112 Introduction to Reinforced Concrete Beams 9/10
As
Reinforcement ratio definition
6” 4.625”
(0.4in 2 )(30in ) ⎛ 490lb − 145lb ⎞
+ ⎜ ⎟ 23,500lb
1728in 3 /ft 3 ⎝ ft 3 ⎠ SWR = = 374.2
62.81lb
As = 0.4 in2
= 60.42lb + 2.39lb = 62.81lb
Questions?