Well Log Interpretation

PetroSkills
Roberto Peveraro
Well Log Interpretation
Well Log Interpretation
Well Log Interpretation
Formation Evaluation
Formation Evaluation
Petrophysics Testing
Log Interpretation
Log Interpretation
Core Analysis
Geological Applications
Geological Applications
Reservoir Description
Qualitative
Geologists
Eyeball or Read logs
Lithology, Depositional Envir.
Quantitative
Reservoir Engineers
Calculate Parameters
Hydrocarbon in Place
Well Log Interpretation
Formation Evaluation
Hydrocarbons Originally in Place HOIP
Log Interpretation
HOIP = A x H x N/G x x (1 - Sw)
Geological Applications
A = Surface area from seismic, geology
H = Gross thickness from seismic, logs
N/G = Net-to-Gross ratio from logs
= Porosity from logs
Sw = Water saturation from logs
Well Log Interpretation
What is a log?
Well Log Interpretation
What is a ^ log?
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Well Log Interpretation
What is an electrical log?
A record or graph
vs.
depth or measured distance
of variations of measured
physical properties
Well Log Interpretation
Well Logs
reveal for our study
a PICTURE
of (variations of ) physical properties
of earth materials
as a function of depth
Well Log Interpretation
Well Logs
are the most Universal Documents
describing oil and gas wells
compact yet comprehensive
Well Log Interpretation
Well Log Interpretation
a special branch of GEOPHYSICS
relating
measurements of PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
to
PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS
Well Log Interpretation
GEOLOGY
is a DESCRIPTIVE science
BUT
ADJECTIVES are subjective
Introduction of Electrical Logs
provided consistent parameters
for Formation Description
Well Log Interpretation
Well Log Interpretation
Well Log Interpretation
The First Electric Log
Well Log Interpretation
Well Log Interpretation
Grozny,circa 1934
Well Log Interpretation
Maracaibo, circa 1929
Well Log Interpretation
Well Log Interpretation
Another fun day in the oil patch!
Well Log Interpretation
Well Log Interpretation
A Modern Logging Unit
Well Log Interpretation
Electrical Logs
continuous curves vs. depth
ideal tool for the description of
Layered Geology
at least when layering is horizontal
and hole is vertical
Well Log Interpretation
Borehole Geophysics
Electrical Measurements (Volts, Amps, Counts, Time)
calibration transform & environ. Corrections
Physical Properties (Res., Dens., Slowness)
interpretational transform
Petrophysical Parameters (Por., Min., Satn)
geological interpretational transform
Geological Descriptions (Sorting, Dip, Geom.)
Well Log Interpretation
Well Logs
are a good source of geological information
in that they are
continuous
detailed
objective
available
economical
Well Log Interpretation
Well Logs
reflect certain properties of rocks such as
porosity and its distribution
nature of fluids and saturation
sorting characteristics
sedimentary and structural dip
degree of compaction and consolidation
magnitude of diagenetic effects
grain size distribution
layering, thicknesses
sequential variations
Well Log Interpretation
Well Logs
are sensitive to the convolution of most
of the properties and characteristics of
earth materials
INVERSION process attempts to
recreate these Petrophysical Properties
Well Log Interpretation
Borehole Geophysics vs. Reality
Well Log Interpretation
Well Log Interpretation
Efficient Hydrocarbon
Development and Production
demands
Thorough Reservoir Description
Well Log Interpretation
Well Log Interpretation
Borehole Constraints
Laboratory
Measurements
Choice
place sample inside
jig & sensors, or,
place sensor inside
sample
Borehole
Measurements
No Choice
Sensor is inside
sample and
confined to the
borehole
Well Log Interpretation
Lab
Resistivity
Cell
Well Log Interpretation
Challenge in Borehole Geophysics
Difficulty in placing SENSOR on piece of rock to be
measured
Undisturbed (representative) formation is separated
from the SENSOR by
Tool Housing
Mud
Mud Cake
Invaded Zone
+ bed thickness effects
Well Log Interpretation
The Borehole Environment
Well Log Interpretation
Invasion Profile
Degree of FLUSHING varies with
distance from the borehole wall
RESISTIVITY varies with distance
Well Log Interpretation
Why Run Logs?
or
Objectives of Log Interpretation
Well Log Interpretation
Objectives of Log Interpretation
Answer certain questions . . .
1. Is there a reservoir? perm. indicators, shale discrimination
2. Where? Depth? Thickness? depth measurements
3. Storage Space? Porosity? porosity logs
4. What kind of rock? porosity-mineralogy + matrix-sens. logs
5. What does it contain? H / W and G / L discrim.
6. Pressure? testers
7. What will it produce? MOP, perm., testers
Well Log Interpretation
Course Objectives
On completion of this training, you will be able to :
Explain the physical principles, applications,and limitations
of standard open-hole logs
Understand the importance of electrical properties of earth
materials
Apply standard petrophysical relationships to calculate
porosity and water saturation and determine lithology from
open-hole logs
Appreciate the limitations of the basic petrophysical
relationships
Identify potential reservoir intervals, hydrocarbon
productive zones, and fluid contacts using open-hole logs
and related well data
Well Log Interpretation
When the going gets tough,
the tough take a coffee break